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Fu X, Xu M, Yu Z, Gu W, Zhang Z, Zhang B, Wang X, Su Z, Zhang C. Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C2 Mutant-Induced Antitumor Immune Response Is Controlled by CDC42/MLC2-Mediated Tumor Cell Stiffness. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11796. [PMID: 37511553 PMCID: PMC10380429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As a biological macromolecule, the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin C2 (SEC2) is one of the most potent known T-cell activators, and it induces massive cytotoxic granule production. With this property, SEC2 and its mutants are widely regarded as immunomodulating agents for cancer therapy. In a previous study, we constructed an MHC-II-independent mutant of SEC2, named ST-4, which exhibits enhanced immunocyte stimulation and antitumor activity. However, tumor cells have different degrees of sensitivity to SEC2/ST-4. The mechanisms of immune resistance to SEs in cancer cells have not been investigated. Herein, we show that ST-4 could activate more powerful human lymphocyte granule-based cytotoxicity than SEC2. The results of RNA-seq and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis showed that, compared with SKOV3 cells, the softer ES-2 cells could escape from SEC2/ST-4-induced cytotoxic T-cell-mediated apoptosis by regulating cell softness through the CDC42/MLC2 pathway. Conversely, after enhancing the stiffness of cancer cells by a nonmuscle myosin-II-specific inhibitor, SEC2/ST-4 exhibited a significant antitumor effect against ES-2 cells by promoting perforin-dependent apoptosis and the S-phase arrest. Taken together, these data suggest that cell stiffness could be a key factor of resistance to SEs in ovarian cancer, and our findings may provide new insight for SE-based tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanhe Fu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
- Department of Immunology, Shenyang Medical College, No. 146 Huanghe North Street, Shenyang 110034, China
- Key Laboratory of Superantigen Research of Liao Ning Province, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mingkai Xu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Superantigen Research of Liao Ning Province, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhixiong Yu
- Department of Immunology, Shenyang Medical College, No. 146 Huanghe North Street, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Wu Gu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhichun Zhang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Superantigen Research of Liao Ning Province, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhencheng Su
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Superantigen Research of Liao Ning Province, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chenggang Zhang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Superantigen Research of Liao Ning Province, Shenyang 110016, China
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2
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Rivera M, Toledo-Jacobo L, Romero E, Oprea TI, Moses ME, Hudson LG, Wandinger-Ness A, Grimes MM. Agent-based modeling predicts RAC1 is critical for ovarian cancer metastasis. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar138. [PMID: 36200848 PMCID: PMC9727804 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-11-0540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental and computational studies pinpoint rate-limiting step(s) in metastasis governed by Rac1. Using ovarian cancer cell and animal models, Rac1 expression was manipulated, and quantitative measurements of cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion, cell invasion, mesothelial clearance, and peritoneal tumor growth discriminated the tumor behaviors most highly influenced by Rac1. The experimental data were used to parameterize an agent-based computational model simulating peritoneal niche colonization, intravasation, and hematogenous metastasis to distant organs. Increased ovarian cancer cell survival afforded by the more rapid adhesion and intravasation upon Rac1 overexpression is predicted to increase the numbers of and the rates at which tumor cells are disseminated to distant sites. Surprisingly, crowding of cancer cells along the blood vessel was found to decrease the numbers of cells reaching a distant niche irrespective of Rac1 overexpression or knockdown, suggesting that sites for tumor cell intravasation are rate limiting and become accessible if cells intravasate rapidly or are displaced due to diminished viability. Modeling predictions were confirmed through animal studies of Rac1-dependent metastasis to the lung. Collectively, the experimental and modeling approaches identify cell adhesion, rapid intravasation, and survival in the blood as parameters in the ovarian metastatic cascade that are most critically dependent on Rac1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Rivera
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Leslie Toledo-Jacobo
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Elsa Romero
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Tudor I. Oprea
- Division of Translational Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131,Translational Informatics, Roivant Discovery, Boston, MA 02210
| | - Melanie E. Moses
- Department of Computer Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Laurie G. Hudson
- Cancer Research Facility, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Angela Wandinger-Ness
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131,Cancer Research Facility, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131,*Address correspondence to: Angela Wandinger-Ness ()
| | - Martha M. Grimes
- Cancer Research Facility, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131
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3
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Diao M, Zhou J, Tao Y, Hu Z, Lin X. Rac1 is involved in uterine myometrium contraction in the inflammation associated preterm birth. Reproduction 2022; 164:169-181. [PMID: 36018772 PMCID: PMC9513643 DOI: 10.1530/rep-21-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) is a public health issue. The WHO has recommended the use of tocolytic treatment to inhibit preterm labour and improve pregnancy outcomes. Intrauterine inflammation is associated with preterm birth. Rac1 can modulate inflammation in different experimental settings. In the current study, we explored whether Rac1 can modulate spontaneous uterine myometrium contraction in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intrauterine inflammation. Subsequently, we recorded uterine myometrium contraction and examined uterine Rac1 expression in a mouse model of preterm birth and case in pregnant women by western blotting analysis. We also measured progesterone levels in the blood serum from mice. Murine myometrium was obtained 12 h post LPS treatment. Human myometrium was obtained at the time of caesarean section. We found that in the LPS-treated group of mice, uterine myometrium contraction was enhanced, protein levels and activation of Rac1 were increased and serum progesterone levels were decreased. The protein levels of Rac1 were also increased in preterm birth or case in pregnant women. NSC23766, a Rac1 inhibitor, attenuated uterine myometrium contraction and diminished Rac1 activation and COX-2 expression. Furthermore, silencing of Rac1 suppressed cell contraction and COX-2 expression in vitro. In conclusion, our results suggested that Rac1 may play an important role in modulating uterine myometrium contraction. Consequently, intervening with Rac1 represents a novel strategy for the treatment of preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Diao
- M Diao, Department of Anesthesiology,, Sichuan University West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- J Zhou, Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan University West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunkai Tao
- Y Tao, Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan University West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhaoyang Hu
- Z Hu, Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuemei Lin
- X Lin, Department of Anesthesiology,, Sichuan University West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, China
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4
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Sai X, Ikawa Y, Nishimura H, Mizuno K, Kajikawa E, Katoh TA, Kimura T, Shiratori H, Takaoka K, Hamada H, Minegishi K. Planar cell polarity-dependent asymmetric organization of microtubules for polarized positioning of the basal body in node cells. Development 2022; 149:275058. [PMID: 35420656 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
For left-right symmetry breaking in the mouse embryo, the basal body must become positioned at the posterior side of node cells, but the precise mechanism for this has remained unknown. Here, we examined the role of microtubules (MTs) and actomyosin in this basal body positioning. Exposure of mouse embryos to agents that stabilize or destabilize MTs or F-actin impaired such positioning. Active myosin II was detected at the anterior side of node cells before the posterior shift of the basal body, and this asymmetric activation was lost in Prickle and dachsous mutant embryos. The organization of basal-body associated MTs (baMTs) was asymmetric between the anterior and posterior sides of node cells, with anterior baMTs extending horizontally and posterior baMTs extending vertically. This asymmetry became evident after polarization of the PCP core protein Vangl1 and before the posterior positioning of the basal body, and it also required the PCP core proteins Prickle and dachsous. Our results suggest that the asymmetry in baMT organization may play a role in correct positioning of the basal body for left-right symmetry breaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorei Sai
- Laboratory for Organismal Patterning, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yayoi Ikawa
- Laboratory for Organismal Patterning, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 560-0011, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nishimura
- Laboratory for Organismal Patterning, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 560-0011, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Mizuno
- Laboratory for Organismal Patterning, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Eriko Kajikawa
- Laboratory for Organismal Patterning, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takanobu A Katoh
- Laboratory for Organismal Patterning, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Toshiya Kimura
- Laboratory for Organismal Patterning, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Shiratori
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 560-0011, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Takaoka
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 560-0011, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hamada
- Laboratory for Organismal Patterning, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 560-0011, Japan
| | - Katsura Minegishi
- Laboratory for Organismal Patterning, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 560-0011, Japan
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5
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Ling Z, Li W, Hu J, Li Y, Deng M, Zhang S, Ren X, Wu T, Xia J, Cheng B, Tao X. Targeting CCL2-CCR4 axis suppress cell migration of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:158. [PMID: 35177591 PMCID: PMC8854715 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04610-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
For head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the local invasion and distant metastasis represent the predominant causes of mortality. Targeted inhibition of chemokines and their receptors is an ongoing antitumor strategy established on the crucial roles of chemokines in cancer invasion and metastasis. Herein, we showed that C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2)- C-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) signaling, but not the CCL2- C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) axis, induces the formation of the vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 (Vav2)- Rac family small GTPase 1 (Rac1) complex to activate the phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC), which is involved in the regulation of cell motility and cancer metastasis. We identified that targeting CCR4 could effectively interrupt the activation of HNSCC invasion and metastasis induced by CCL2 without the promoting cancer relapse observed during the subsequent withdrawal period. All current findings suggested that CCL2-CCR4-Vav2-Rac1-p-MLC signaling plays an essential role in cell migration and cancer metastasis of HNSCC, and CCR4 may serve as a new potential molecular target for HNSCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Ling
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Hu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, P. R. China
| | - Miao Deng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, P. R. China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, P. R. China
| | - Xianyue Ren
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, P. R. China
| | - Tong Wu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, P. R. China
| | - Juan Xia
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, P. R. China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, P. R. China.
| | - Bin Cheng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, P. R. China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoan Tao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, P. R. China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, P. R. China.
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6
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Getachew A, Abbas N, You K, Yang Z, Hussain M, Huang X, Cheng Z, Tan S, Tao J, Yu X, Chen Y, Yang F, Pan T, Xu Y, Xu G, Zhuang Y, Wu F, Li Y. SAA1/TLR2 axis directs chemotactic migration of hepatic stellate cells responding to injury. iScience 2021; 24:102483. [PMID: 34113824 PMCID: PMC8169952 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are crucial for liver injury repair and cirrhosis. However, the mechanism of chemotactic recruitment of HSCs into injury loci is still largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) acts as a chemokine recruiting HSCs toward injury loci signaling via TLR2, a finding proven by gene manipulation studies in cell and mice models. The mechanistic investigations revealed that SAA1/TLR2 axis stimulates the Rac GTPases through PI3K-dependent pathways and induces phosphorylation of MLC (pSer19). Genetic deletion of TLR2 and pharmacological inhibition of PI3K diminished the phosphorylation of MLCpSer19 and migration of HSCs. In brief, SAA1 serves as a hepatic endogenous chemokine for the TLR2 receptor on HSCs, thereby initiating PI3K-dependent signaling and its effector, Rac GTPases, which consequently regulates actin filament remodeling and cell directional migration. Our findings provide novel targets for anti-fibrosis drug development. SAA1 serves as a chemokine to guide migration of HSCs toward injury locus TLR2 acts as a functional receptor for SAA1 in HSCs SAA1/TLR2 axis-mediated migration of HSCs operates through PI3K/Rac1 signaling SAA1/TLR2 axis provides a link for the cross talk between hepatocytes and HSCs
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Affiliation(s)
- Anteneh Getachew
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China.,University of China Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Nasir Abbas
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China.,University of China Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Kai You
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China.,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China.,University of China Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Muzammal Hussain
- University of China Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xinping Huang
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China.,University of China Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Ziqi Cheng
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China.,University of China Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Shenglin Tan
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China.,University of China Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Jiawang Tao
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China.,University of China Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xiaorui Yu
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China.,University of China Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China.,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China.,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Tingcai Pan
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China.,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yingying Xu
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China.,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Guosheng Xu
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China.,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yuanqi Zhuang
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China.,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - FeiMa Wu
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China.,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yinxiong Li
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China.,University of China Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
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7
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Jin F, Guo Y, Wang Z, Badughaish A, Pan X, Zhang L, Qi F. The pathophysiological nature of sarcomeres in trigger points in patients with myofascial pain syndrome: A preliminary study. Eur J Pain 2020; 24:1968-1978. [PMID: 32841448 PMCID: PMC7693045 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) has a high global prevalence and is associated with myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) in taut bands or nodules. Little is known about the aetiology. The current study assessed the pathophysiological characteristics of MTrPs in MPS patients. METHODS Biopsies of the trapezius muscle were collected from the MTrPs of MPS patients (MTrP group; n = 29) and from healthy controls (control group; n = 24), and their morphologies were analysed via haematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Masson staining. A protein microarray was used to detect the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family proteins. mRNA and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) sequencing and analysis were conducted, and immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to examine the expression of EphB and Rho family proteins. RESULTS Abnormally contracted sarcomeres showed enlarged, round fibres without inflammation or fibrosis. An lncRNA-mRNA network analysis revealed activation of muscle contraction signalling pathways in MTrP regions. Among RTK family proteins, 15 exhibited increased phosphorylation, and two exhibited decreased phosphorylation in the MTrP regions relative to control levels. In particular, EphB1/EphB2 phosphorylation was increased on the muscle cell membranes of abnormal sarcomeres. RhoA and Rac1, but not cell division control protein 42 (Cdc42), were activated in the abnormal sarcomeres. CONCLUSIONS EphB1/EphB2 and RhoA/Rac1 might play roles in the aetiology of abnormally contracted sarcomeres in MTrPs without inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrotic adhesion. SIGNIFICANCE Contracted sarcomeres were found in MTrP regions, which is consistent with the MTrP formation hypothesis. EphB1/EphB2 and RhoA/Rac1 might play roles in the sarcomere contractile sites of MTrPs, which may be promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihong Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain ClinicQilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJi’nanChina
| | - Yaqiu Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain ClinicQilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJi’nanChina
- Department of AnesthesiologyJinan Maternity and Child Care HospitalJi’nanChina
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain ClinicQilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJi’nanChina
- Department of AnesthesiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Shandong TCM UniversityJi’nanChina
| | - Ahmed Badughaish
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain ClinicQilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJi’nanChina
| | - Xin Pan
- Department of OrthopedicsQilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJi’nanChina
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of OrthopedicsQilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJi’nanChina
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain ClinicQilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJi’nanChina
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8
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Li B, Wang R, Wang Y, Stief CG, Hennenberg M. Regulation of smooth muscle contraction by monomeric non-RhoA GTPases. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:3865-3877. [PMID: 32579705 PMCID: PMC7429483 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Smooth muscle contraction in the cardiovascular system, airways, prostate and lower urinary tract is involved in the pathophysiology of many diseases, including cardiovascular and obstructive lung disease plus lower urinary tract symptoms, which are associated with high prevalence of morbidity and mortality. This prominent clinical role of smooth muscle tone has led to the molecular mechanisms involved being subjected to extensive research. In general smooth muscle contraction is promoted by three major signalling pathways, including the monomeric GTPase RhoA pathway. However, emerging evidence suggests that monomeric GTPases other than RhoA may be involved in signal transduction in smooth muscle contraction, including Rac GTPases, cell division control protein 42 homologue, adenosine ribosylation factor 6, Ras, Rap1b and Rab GTPases. Here, we review these emerging functions of non-RhoA GTPases in smooth muscle contraction, which has now become increasingly more evident and constitutes an emerging and innovative research area of high clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingsheng Li
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ruixiao Wang
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian G Stief
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Hennenberg
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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9
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Li B, Yu Q, Wang R, Gratzke C, Wang X, Spek A, Herlemann A, Tamalunas A, Strittmatter F, Waidelich R, Stief CG, Hennenberg M. Inhibition of Female and Male Human Detrusor Smooth Muscle Contraction by the Rac Inhibitors EHT1864 and NSC23766. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:409. [PMID: 32317972 PMCID: PMC7154109 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to overactive bladder (OAB) are caused by spontaneous detrusor contractions. Medical treatment with muscarinic receptor antagonists or β3-adrenoceptor agonists aims to inhibit detrusor contractions, but overall results are unsatisfactory. Consequently, improved understanding of bladder smooth muscle contraction and identification of novel compounds for its inhibition are needed to develop alternative options. A role of the GTPase Rac1 for smooth muscle contraction has been reported from the prostate, but is unknown in the human detrusor. Here, we examined effects of the Rac inhibitors NSC23766, which may also antagonize muscarinic receptors, and EHT1864 on contraction of human detrusor tissues. Methods Female and male human detrusor tissues were obtained from radical cystectomy. Effects of NSC23766 (100 µM) and EHT1864 (100 µM) on detrusor contractions were studied in an organ bath. Results Electric field stimulation induced frequency-dependent contractions of detrusor tissues, which were inhibited by NSC23766 and EHT1864. Carbachol induced concentration-dependent contractions. Concentration response curves for carbachol were shifted to the right by NSC23766, reflected by increased EC50 values, but unchanged Emax values. EHT1864 reduced carbachol-induced contractions, resulting in reduced Emax values for carbachol. The thromboxane analog U46619 induced concentration-dependent contractions, which remained unchanged by NSC23766, but were reduced by EHT1864. Conclusions NSC23766 and EHT1864 inhibit female and male human detrusor contractions. NSC23766, but not EHT1864 competitively antagonizes muscarinic receptors. In addition to neurogenic and cholinergic contractions, EHT1864 inhibits thromboxane A2-induced detrusor contractions. The latter may be promising, as the origin of spontaneous detrusor contractions in OAB is noncholinergic. In vivo, both compounds may improve OAB-related LUTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingsheng Li
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Qingfeng Yu
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ruixiao Wang
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Gratzke
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Urology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Annabel Spek
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Annika Herlemann
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Christian G Stief
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Hennenberg
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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10
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Kai Y, Motegi M, Suzuki Y, Takeuchi H, Harada Y, Sato F, Chiba Y, Kamei J, Sakai H. Up-regulation of Rac1 in the bronchial smooth muscle of murine experimental asthma. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 125:8-15. [PMID: 30697954 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
There has been considerable research on the involvement of RhoA/Rho kinase signalling in smooth muscle contractions. However, only a few reports have addressed the specific role of Rac1, which is a member of the Rho GTPase superfamily. Therefore, this study investigated the role of Rac1-related pathways in bronchial smooth muscle (BSM) contractions. Bronchial rings isolated from mice were suspended in an organ bath, and the isometric contractions of circular smooth muscles were monitored. The phosphorylation of myosin light chains (MLCs) was analysed by immunoblotting. The Rac1 inhibitor EHT1864 inhibited carbachol (CCh)-induced BSM contractions, although high K+ depolarization-induced BSM contractions were not significantly attenuated by EHT1864. Moreover, high K+ - and phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu; PKC activator)-induced contractions were not attenuated by Rac1 inhibition, whereas sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced force development was inhibited by EHT1864. The gene and protein expression of Rac1 was increased in the BSM of a murine model with antigen-induced airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR). In addition, an increased force of the BSM contractions in AHR was suppressed by EHT1864 treatment, suggesting that the up-regulation of Rac1 is involved in AHR. These findings suggest that an increase in Rac1-mediated signalling is involved in the augmented contractions of BSMs in antigen-induced AHR mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kai
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Momoko Motegi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Suzuki
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroto Takeuchi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yui Harada
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Sato
- Department of Analytical Pathophysiology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Chiba
- Department of Physiology and Molecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junzo Kamei
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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George Z, Omosun Y, Azenabor AA, Goldstein J, Partin J, Joseph K, Ellerson D, He Q, Eko F, McDonald MA, Reed M, Svoboda P, Stuchlik O, Pohl J, Lutter E, Bandea C, Black CM, Igietseme JU. The molecular mechanism of induction of unfolded protein response by Chlamydia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 508:421-429. [PMID: 30503337 PMCID: PMC6343654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) contributes to chlamydial pathogenesis, as a source of lipids and ATP during replication, and for establishing the initial anti-apoptotic state of host cell that ensures successful inclusion development. The molecular mechanism(s) of UPR induction by Chlamydia is unknown. Chlamydia use type III secretion system (T3SS) effector proteins (e.g, the Translocated Actin-Recruiting Phosphoprotein (Tarp) to stimulate host cell's cytoskeletal reorganization that facilitates invasion and inclusion development. We investigated the hypothesis that T3SS effector-mediated assembly of myosin-II complex produces activated non-muscle myosin heavy chain II (NMMHC-II), which then binds the UPR master regulator (BiP) and/or transducers to induce UPR. Our results revealed the interaction of the chlamydial effector proteins (CT228 and Tarp) with components of the myosin II complex and UPR regulator and transducer during infection. These interactions caused the activation and binding of NMMHC-II to BiP and IRE1α leading to UPR induction. In addition, specific inhibitors of myosin light chain kinase, Tarp oligomerization and myosin ATPase significantly reduced UPR activation and Chlamydia replication. Thus, Chlamydia induce UPR through T3SS effector-mediated activation of NMMHC-II components of the myosin complex to facilitate infectivity. The finding provides greater insights into chlamydial pathogenesis with the potential to identify therapeutic targets and formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenas George
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yusuf Omosun
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA; Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Jason Goldstein
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - James Partin
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kahaliah Joseph
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Debra Ellerson
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Qing He
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA; Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Francis Eko
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Matthew Reed
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pavel Svoboda
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Olga Stuchlik
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jan Pohl
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Claudiu Bandea
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Carolyn M Black
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joseph U Igietseme
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA; Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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12
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Bátori R, Kumar S, Bordán Z, Cherian-Shaw M, Kovács-Kása A, MacDonald JA, Fulton DJR, Erdődi F, Verin AD. Differential mechanisms of adenosine- and ATPγS-induced microvascular endothelial barrier strengthening. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5863-5879. [PMID: 29271489 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of the endothelial cell (EC) barrier is critical to vascular homeostasis and a loss of barrier integrity results in increased vascular permeability. While the mechanisms that govern increased EC permeability have been under intense investigation over the past several decades, the processes regulating the preservation/restoration of the EC barrier remain poorly understood. Herein we show that the extracellular purines, adenosine (Ado) and adenosine 5'-[γ-thio]-triphosphate (ATPγS) can strengthen the barrier function of human lung microvascular EC (HLMVEC). This ability involves protein kinase A (PKA) activation and decreases in myosin light chain 20 (MLC20) phosphorylation secondary to the involvement of MLC phosphatase (MLCP). In contrast to Ado, ATPγS-induced PKA activation is accompanied by a modest, but significant decrease in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels supporting the existence of an unconventional cAMP-independent pathway of PKA activation. Furthermore, ATPγS-induced EC barrier strengthening does not involve the Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 (EPAC1) which is directly activated by cAMP but is instead dependent upon PKA-anchor protein 2 (AKAP2) expression. We also found that AKAP2 can directly interact with the myosin phosphatase-targeting protein MYPT1 and that depletion of AKAP2 abolished ATPγS-induced increases in transendothelial electrical resistance. Ado-induced strengthening of the HLMVEC barrier required the coordinated activation of PKA and EPAC1 in a cAMP-dependent manner. In summary, ATPγS-induced enhancement of the EC barrier is EPAC1-independent and is instead mediated by activation of PKA which is then guided by AKAP2, in a cAMP-independent mechanism, to activate MLCP which dephosphorylates MLC20 resulting in reduced EC contraction and preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róbert Bátori
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Sanjiv Kumar
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | | | | | | | - Justin A MacDonald
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Smooth Muscle Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David J R Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Pharmacology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Ferenc Erdődi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signalling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Alexander D Verin
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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13
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Verga D, N'Guyen CH, Dakir M, Coll JL, Teulade-Fichou MP, Molla A. Polyheteroaryl Oxazole/Pyridine-Based Compounds Selected in Vitro as G-Quadruplex Ligands Inhibit Rock Kinase and Exhibit Antiproliferative Activity. J Med Chem 2018; 61:10502-10518. [PMID: 30457335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heptaheteroaryl compounds comprised of oxazole and pyridine units (TOxaPy) are quadruplex DNA (G4)-interactive compounds. Herein, we report on the synthesis of parent compounds bearing either amino side chains (TOxaPy-1-5) or featuring an isomeric oxazole-pyridine central connectivity (iso-TOxapy, iso-TOxapy 1-3) or a bipyridine core (iso-TOxabiPy). The new isomeric series showed significant G4-binding activity in vitro, and remarkably, three compounds (iso-TOxaPy, iso-TOxaPy-1, and iso-TOxabiPy) exhibited high antiproliferative activity toward a tumor panel of cancer cell lines. However, these compounds do not behave as typical G-quadruplex (G4) binders, and the kinase profiling assay revealed that the best antiproliferative molecule iso-TOxaPy selectively inhibited Rock-2. The targeting of Rock kinase was confirmed in cells by the dephosphorylation of Rock-2 substrates, the decrease of stress fibers, and peripheral focal adhesions, as well as the induction of long neurite-like extensions. Remarkably, two of these molecules were able to inhibit the growth of cells organized as spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Verga
- "Chemistry, Modelling and Imaging for Biology", CNRS UMR9187-INSERM U1196, Institut Curie, Research Center Orsay, Bât 110, University Paris-Sud , 91405 Orsay , France
| | - Chi-Hung N'Guyen
- "Chemistry, Modelling and Imaging for Biology", CNRS UMR9187-INSERM U1196, Institut Curie, Research Center Orsay, Bât 110, University Paris-Sud , 91405 Orsay , France
| | - Malika Dakir
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5309, Inserm 1209, CHU Grenoble Alpes, IAB , 38400 Grenoble , France
| | - Jean-Luc Coll
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5309, Inserm 1209, CHU Grenoble Alpes, IAB , 38400 Grenoble , France
| | - Marie-Paule Teulade-Fichou
- "Chemistry, Modelling and Imaging for Biology", CNRS UMR9187-INSERM U1196, Institut Curie, Research Center Orsay, Bât 110, University Paris-Sud , 91405 Orsay , France
| | - Annie Molla
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5309, Inserm 1209, CHU Grenoble Alpes, IAB , 38400 Grenoble , France
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14
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Jain M, Mann TD, Stulić M, Rao SP, Kirsch A, Pullirsch D, Strobl X, Rath C, Reissig L, Moreth K, Klein-Rodewald T, Bekeredjian R, Gailus-Durner V, Fuchs H, Hrabě de Angelis M, Pablik E, Cimatti L, Martin D, Zinnanti J, Graier WF, Sibilia M, Frank S, Levanon EY, Jantsch MF. RNA editing of Filamin A pre-mRNA regulates vascular contraction and diastolic blood pressure. EMBO J 2018; 37:e94813. [PMID: 30087110 PMCID: PMC6166124 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201694813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epitranscriptomic events such as adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing by ADAR can recode mRNAs to translate novel proteins. Editing of the mRNA that encodes actin crosslinking protein Filamin A (FLNA) mediates a Q-to-R transition in the interactive C-terminal region. While FLNA editing is conserved among vertebrates, its physiological function remains unclear. Here, we show that cardiovascular tissues in humans and mice show massive editing and that FLNA RNA is the most prominent substrate. Patient-derived RNA-Seq data demonstrate a significant drop in FLNA editing associated with cardiovascular diseases. Using mice with only impaired FLNA editing, we observed increased vascular contraction and diastolic hypertension accompanied by increased myosin light chain phosphorylation, arterial remodeling, and left ventricular wall thickening, which eventually causes cardiac remodeling and reduced systolic output. These results demonstrate a causal relationship between RNA editing and the development of cardiovascular disease indicating that a single epitranscriptomic RNA modification can maintain cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Jain
- Division of Cell Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tomer D Mann
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maja Stulić
- Division of Cell Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shailaja P Rao
- Center of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrijana Kirsch
- Center of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dieter Pullirsch
- Division of Cell Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xué Strobl
- Division of Cell Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claus Rath
- Division of Anatomy, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Reissig
- Division of Anatomy, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristin Moreth
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tanja Klein-Rodewald
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Raffi Bekeredjian
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Valerie Gailus-Durner
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eleonore Pablik
- Section for Medical Statistics, CeMSIIS, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Cimatti
- Division of Cell Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Martin
- Division of Cell Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Wolfgang F Graier
- Center of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Saša Frank
- Center of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Erez Y Levanon
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Michael F Jantsch
- Division of Cell Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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15
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Werner M, Kurniawan NA, Korus G, Bouten CVC, Petersen A. Mesoscale substrate curvature overrules nanoscale contact guidance to direct bone marrow stromal cell migration. J R Soc Interface 2018; 15:20180162. [PMID: 30089684 PMCID: PMC6127159 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic architecture of biological tissues and of implanted biomaterials provides cells with large-scale geometrical cues. To understand how cells are able to sense and respond to complex structural environments, a deeper insight into the cellular response to multi-scale and conflicting geometrical cues is needed. In this study, we subjected human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) to mesoscale cylindrical surfaces (diameter 250-5000 µm) and nanoscale collagen fibrils (diameter 100-200 nm) that were aligned perpendicular to the cylinder axis. On flat surfaces and at low substrate curvatures (cylinder diameter d > 1000 µm), cell alignment and migration were governed by the nanoscale collagen fibrils, consistent with the contact guidance effect. With increasing surface curvature (decreasing cylinder diameter, d < 1000 µm), cells increasingly aligned and migrated along the cylinder axis, i.e. the direction of zero curvature. An increase in phosphorylated myosin light chain levels was observed with increasing substrate curvature, suggesting a link between substrate-induced cell bending and the F-actin-myosin machinery. Taken together, this work demonstrates that geometrical cues of up to 10× cell size can play a dominant role in directing hBMSC alignment and migration and that the effect of nanoscale contact guidance can even be overruled by mesoscale curvature guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Werner
- Soft Tissue Engineering and Mechanobiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas A Kurniawan
- Soft Tissue Engineering and Mechanobiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriela Korus
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Carlijn V C Bouten
- Soft Tissue Engineering and Mechanobiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
| | - Ansgar Petersen
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
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16
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Ye BH, Kim EJ, Baek SE, Choi YW, Park SY, Kim CD. α-Isocubebene modulates vascular tone by inhibiting myosin light chain phosphorylation in murine thoracic aorta. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 22:437-445. [PMID: 29962858 PMCID: PMC6019879 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.4.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
α-Iso-cubebene (ICB) is a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignin contained in Schisandra chinensis (SC), a well-known medicinal herb that ameliorates cardiovascular symptoms, but the mechanism responsible for this activity has not been determined. To determine the role played by ICB on the regulation of vascular tone, we investigated the inhibitory effects of ICB on vascular contractile responses by adrenergic α-receptor agonists. In addition, we investigated the role on myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation and cytosolic calcium concentration in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). In aortic rings isolated from C57BL/6J mice, ICB significantly attenuated the contraction induced by phenylephrine (PE) and norepinephrine (NE), whereas ICB had no effects on KCl (60 mM)-induced contraction. In vasculatures precontracted with PE, ICB caused marked relaxation of aortic rings with or without endothelium, suggesting a direct effect on VSMC. In cultured rat VSMC, PE or NE increased MLC phosphorylation and increased cytosolic calcium levels. Both of these effects were significantly suppressed by ICB. In conclusion, our results showed that ICB regulated vascular tone by inhibiting MLC phosphorylation and calcium flux into VSMC, and suggest that ICB has anti-hypertensive properties and therapeutic potential for cardiovascular disorders related to vascular hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Hyeok Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Kim
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Seung Eun Baek
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.,Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Young Whan Choi
- College of Natural Resources & Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - So Youn Park
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Chi Dae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.,Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
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17
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Woroniuk A, Porter A, White G, Newman DT, Diamantopoulou Z, Waring T, Rooney C, Strathdee D, Marston DJ, Hahn KM, Sansom OJ, Zech T, Malliri A. STEF/TIAM2-mediated Rac1 activity at the nuclear envelope regulates the perinuclear actin cap. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2124. [PMID: 29844364 PMCID: PMC5974301 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04404-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The perinuclear actin cap is an important cytoskeletal structure that regulates nuclear morphology and re-orientation during front-rear polarisation. The mechanisms regulating the actin cap are currently poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that STEF/TIAM2, a Rac1 selective guanine nucleotide exchange factor, localises at the nuclear envelope, co-localising with the key perinuclear proteins Nesprin-2G and Non-muscle myosin IIB (NMMIIB), where it regulates perinuclear Rac1 activity. We show that STEF depletion reduces apical perinuclear actin cables (a phenotype rescued by targeting active Rac1 to the nuclear envelope), increases nuclear height and impairs nuclear re-orientation. STEF down-regulation also reduces perinuclear pMLC and decreases myosin-generated tension at the nuclear envelope, suggesting that STEF-mediated Rac1 activity regulates NMMIIB activity to promote stabilisation of the perinuclear actin cap. Finally, STEF depletion decreases nuclear stiffness and reduces expression of TAZ-regulated genes, indicating an alteration in mechanosensing pathways as a consequence of disruption of the actin cap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Woroniuk
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Andrew Porter
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Gavin White
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Daniel T Newman
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Zoi Diamantopoulou
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Thomas Waring
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Claire Rooney
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Douglas Strathdee
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Daniel J Marston
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7365, USA
| | - Klaus M Hahn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7365, USA
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Tobias Zech
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Angeliki Malliri
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, SK10 4TG, UK.
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18
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Ojiaku CA, Cao G, Zhu W, Yoo EJ, Shumyatcher M, Himes BE, An SS, Panettieri RA. TGF-β1 Evokes Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cell Shortening and Hyperresponsiveness via Smad3. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:575-584. [PMID: 28984468 PMCID: PMC5946330 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0247oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), a cytokine whose levels are elevated in the airways of patients with asthma, perpetuates airway inflammation and modulates airway structural cell remodeling. However, the role of TGF-β1 in excessive airway narrowing in asthma, or airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), remains unclear. In this study, we set out to investigate the direct effects of TGF-β1 on human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cell shortening and hyperresponsiveness. The dynamics of AHR and single-cell excitation-contraction coupling were measured in human precision-cut lung slices and in isolated HASM cells using supravital microscopy and magnetic twisting cytometry, respectively. In human precision-cut lung slices, overnight treatment with TGF-β1 significantly augmented basal and carbachol-induced bronchoconstriction. In isolated HASM cells, TGF-β1 increased basal and methacholine-induced cytoskeletal stiffness in a dose- and time-dependent manner. TGF-β1-induced single-cell contraction was corroborated by concomitant increases in myosin light chain and myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 phosphorylation levels, which were attenuated by small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of Smad3 and pharmacological inhibition of Rho kinase. Strikingly, these physiological effects of TGF-β1 occurred through a RhoA-independent mechanism, with little effect on HASM cell [Ca2+]i levels. Together, our data suggest that TGF-β1 enhances HASM excitation-contraction coupling pathways to induce HASM cell shortening and hyperresponsiveness. These findings reveal a potential link between airway injury-repair responses and bronchial hyperreactivity in asthma, and define TGF-β1 signaling as a potential target to reduce AHR in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie A. Ojiaku
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, and
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and
| | - Gaoyuan Cao
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and
| | - Wanqu Zhu
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and
| | - Edwin J. Yoo
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, and
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and
| | - Maya Shumyatcher
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Blanca E. Himes
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven S. An
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Reynold A. Panettieri
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and
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19
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Xu B, Santos SAA, Hinton BT. Protein tyrosine kinase 7 regulates extracellular matrix integrity and mesenchymal intracellular RAC1 and myosin II activities during Wolffian duct morphogenesis. Dev Biol 2018; 438:33-43. [PMID: 29580943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Wolffian duct morphogenesis must be highly coordinated with its specialized function of providing an optimal microenvironment for sperm maturation. Without normal Wolffian duct morphogenesis, male infertility will result. Our previous study showed that mediolateral and radial intercalation of epithelial and mesenchymal cells respectively, were major drivers of ductal elongation and were regulated by protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7), a member of the planar cell polarity (PCP) non-canonical Wnt pathway. To understand the mechanism by which PTK7 regulates cell rearrangement/intercalation, we investigated the integrity of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the activity of intracellular cytoskeleton mediators following loss of Ptk7. Abnormal assembly of nephronectin, laminin, and collagen IV at the basement membrane and fibrosis-like deposition of fibrilla collagen in the interstitium were observed in Ptk7 knockout Wolffian ducts. Further, the activity levels of RAC1 and myosin II, two cytoskeleton mediators, decreased in the Ptk7 knockout mesenchyme compared to controls. In addition, in-vitro experiments suggested that alterations of ECM and cytoskeleton mediators resulted in changes in Wolffian duct morphogenesis. When in-vitro-cultured Wolffian ducts were treated with collagenase IV, the degree of cross-linked fibrilla collagen was reduced, Wolffian duct elongation and coiling were significantly reduced, and an expanded cyst-like duct was observed. When Wolffian ducts were treated with RAC1 inhibitor NSC23766, mesenchymal fibrilla collagen was disassembled, and Wolffian duct elongation was significantly reduced. Our findings provide evidence that PTK7 regulates ECM integrity and the activity levels of RAC1 and myosin II, which in turn regulates Wolffian duct morphogenesis and therefore, epididymal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingfang Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, PO Box 800732, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Sérgio A A Santos
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Barry T Hinton
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, PO Box 800732, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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20
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Zhang YS, Tang LJ, Tu H, Wang SJ, Liu B, Zhang XJ, Li NS, Luo XJ, Peng J. Fasudil ameliorates the ischemia/reperfusion oxidative injury in rat hearts through suppression of myosin regulatory light chain/NADPH oxidase 2 pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 822:1-12. [PMID: 29337194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fasudil is a potent Rho-kinase (ROCK) inhibitor and can relax smooth muscle or cardiac muscle contraction through decreasing the phosphorylation level of myosin regulatory light chain (p-MLC20 or p-MLC2v), while p-MLC2v can function as a transcription factor to promote the NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) expression in rat hearts subjected to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). This study aims to explore whether fasudil can protect the rat hearts against I/R oxidative injury through suppressing NOX2 expression via reduction of p-MLC2v level. The SD rat hearts were subjected to 1h-ischemia plus 3h-reperfusion, which showed myocardial injuries (myocardial fiber loss and disarray, increase of creatine kinase release and myocardial infarction/apoptosis), increase in ROCK activity and nuclear p-MLC2v level concomitant with up-regulation of NOX2 and H2O2 production; these phenomena were attenuated by fasudil in a dose-dependent manner. Next, we verified the cardioprotective effect of fasudil and the underlying mechanisms in hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) -treated H9c2 cells. Consistent with the results in vivo, the H/R-treated H9c2 cells showed cellular injury (increase in apoptotic ratio), elevation in ROCK activity and nuclear p-MLC2v level, accompanied by up-regulation of NOX2 and H2O2 production; these effects were blocked in the presence of fasudil in a dose-dependent way. Based on these observations, we conclude that beneficial effect of fasudil against myocardial I/R or H/R oxidative injury is related to the suppression of NOX2 expression through decrease of the p-MLC2v level. Our findings also highlight that intervention of MLC2v phosphorylation by drugs may provide a novel strategy to protect heart from I/R oxidative injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shuai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Li-Jing Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Hua Tu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Shi-Jing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Nian-Sheng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xiu-Ju Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
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21
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Rac1 modulates G-protein-coupled receptor-induced bronchial smooth muscle contraction. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 818:74-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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22
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Zhao L, Yang S, Cheng Y, Hou C, You X, Zhao J, Zhang Y, He W. Identification of transcriptional biomarkers by RNA-sequencing for improved detection of β2-agonists abuse in goat skeletal muscle. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181695. [PMID: 28746361 PMCID: PMC5528896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, high-throughput RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to search for transcriptional biomarkers for β2-agonists. In combination with drug mechanisms, a smaller group of genes with higher detection accuracy was screened out. Unknown samples were first predicted by this group of genes, and liquid chromatograph tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS) was applied to positive samples to validate the biomarkers. The results of principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and discriminant analysis (DA) indicated that the eight genes screened by high-throughput RNA-seq were able to distinguish samples in the experimental group and control group. Compared with the nine genes selected from an earlier literature, 17 genes including these nine genes were proven to have a more satisfactory effect, which validated the accuracy of gene selection by RNA-seq. Then, six key genes were selected from the 17 genes according to the variable importance in projection (VIP) value of greater than 1. The test results using the six genes and 17 genes were similar, revealing that the six genes were critical genes. By using the six genes, three positive samples possibly treated with drugs were screened out from 25 unknown samples through DA and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Then, the three samples were verified by a standard method, and mapenterol was detected in a sample. Therefore, the six genes can be used as biomarkers to detect β2-agonists. Compared with the previous study, accurate detection of β2-agonists abuse using six key genes is an improvement method, which show great significance in the monitoring of β2-agonists abuse in animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Livestock-product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, PR China
| | - Shuming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock-product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, PR China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yongyou Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Livestock-product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, PR China
| | - Can Hou
- Key Laboratory of Livestock-product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinyong You
- Key Laboratory of Livestock-product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, PR China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Livestock-product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock-product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, PR China
| | - Wenjing He
- Key Laboratory of Livestock-product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, PR China
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23
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Schiffhauer ES, Robinson DN. Mechanochemical Signaling Directs Cell-Shape Change. Biophys J 2017; 112:207-214. [PMID: 28122209 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
For specialized cell function, as well as active cell behaviors such as division, migration, and tissue development, cells must undergo dynamic changes in shape. To complete these processes, cells integrate chemical and mechanical signals to direct force production. This mechanochemical integration allows for the rapid production and adaptation of leading-edge machinery in migrating cells, the invasion of one cell into another during cell-cell fusion, and the force-feedback loops that ensure robust cytokinesis. A quantitative understanding of cell mechanics coupled with protein dynamics has allowed us to account for furrow ingression during cytokinesis, a model cell-shape-change process. At the core of cell-shape changes is the ability of the cell's machinery to sense mechanical forces and tune the force-generating machinery as needed. Force-sensitive cytoskeletal proteins, including myosin II motors and actin cross-linkers such as α-actinin and filamin, accumulate in response to internally generated and externally imposed mechanical stresses, endowing the cell with the ability to discern and respond to mechanical cues. The physical theory behind how these proteins display mechanosensitive accumulation has allowed us to predict paralog-specific behaviors of different cross-linking proteins and identify a zone of optimal actin-binding affinity that allows for mechanical stress-induced protein accumulation. These molecular mechanisms coupled with the mechanical feedback systems ensure robust shape changes, but if they go awry, they are poised to promote disease states such as cancer cell metastasis and loss of tissue integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Schiffhauer
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Douglas N Robinson
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
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24
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Filter JJ, Williams BC, Eto M, Shalloway D, Goldberg ML. Unfair competition governs the interaction of pCPI-17 with myosin phosphatase (PP1-MYPT1). eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28387646 PMCID: PMC5441869 DOI: 10.7554/elife.24665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The small phosphoprotein pCPI-17 inhibits myosin light-chain phosphatase (MLCP). Current models postulate that during muscle relaxation, phosphatases other than MLCP dephosphorylate and inactivate pCPI-17 to restore MLCP activity. We show here that such hypotheses are insufficient to account for the observed rapidity of pCPI-17 inactivation in mammalian smooth muscles. Instead, MLCP itself is the critical enzyme for pCPI-17 dephosphorylation. We call the mutual sequestration mechanism through which pCPI-17 and MLCP interact inhibition by unfair competition: MLCP protects pCPI-17 from other phosphatases, while pCPI-17 blocks other substrates from MLCP’s active site. MLCP dephosphorylates pCPI-17 at a slow rate that is, nonetheless, both sufficient and necessary to explain the speed of pCPI-17 dephosphorylation and the consequent MLCP activation during muscle relaxation. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.24665.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Filter
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Byron C Williams
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Masumi Eto
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - David Shalloway
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Michael L Goldberg
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
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25
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Riba A, Emmenlauer M, Chen A, Sigoillot F, Cong F, Dehio C, Jenkins J, Zavolan M. Explicit Modeling of siRNA-Dependent On- and Off-Target Repression Improves the Interpretation of Screening Results. Cell Syst 2017; 4:182-193.e4. [PMID: 28215525 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RNAi is broadly used to map gene regulatory networks, but the identification of genes that are responsible for the observed phenotypes is challenging, as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) simultaneously downregulate the intended on targets and many partially complementary off targets. Additionally, the scarcity of publicly available control datasets hinders the development and comparative evaluation of computational methods for analyzing the data. Here, we introduce PheLiM (https://github.com/andreariba/PheLiM), a method that uses predictions of siRNA on- and off-target downregulation to infer gene-specific contributions to phenotypes. To assess the performance of PheLiM, we carried out siRNA- and CRISPR/Cas9-based genome-wide screening of two well-characterized pathways, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and we reanalyzed publicly available siRNA screens. We demonstrate that PheLiM has the overall highest accuracy and most reproducible results compared to other available methods. PheLiM can accommodate various methods for predicting siRNA off targets and is broadly applicable to the identification of genes underlying complex phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Riba
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mario Emmenlauer
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amy Chen
- Developmental & Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Frederic Sigoillot
- Developmental & Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Feng Cong
- Developmental & Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Christoph Dehio
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy Jenkins
- Developmental & Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mihaela Zavolan
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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26
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Nestin regulates neural stem cell migration via controlling the cell contractility. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 78:349-360. [PMID: 27477313 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) migration is essential for neurogenesis and neuroregeneration after brain injury. Nestin, a widely used marker of NSCs, is expressed abundantly in several cancers, where it may correlate with tumor migration and invasion. However, it is not yet known whether nestin participates in NSC migration. Here, we show that nestin down-regulation significantly inhibits the migration and contraction of murine neural stem cells, but does not obviously influence the proliferation, filamentous actin (F-actin) content, distribution or focal adhesion assembly of these cells. Mechanistically, nestin knockdown was found to affect the phosphorylation state of myosin regulatory light chain (MRLC) and regulate the activity of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK). Co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed that it interacts with MLCK and MRLC. Together, our results indicate that nestin may increase NSC motility via elevating MLCK activity through direct binding and provide new insight into the roles of nestin in NSC migration and repair.
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27
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Zhao L, Yang S, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Hou C, Cheng Y, You X, Gu X, Zhao Z, Muhammad Tarique T. New Analytical Tool for the Detection of Ractopamine Abuse in Goat Skeletal Muscle by Potential Gene Expression Biomarkers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:1861-1867. [PMID: 26886866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, quantification of mRNA gene expression was examined as biomarkers to detect ractopamaine abuse and ractopamaine residues in cashmere goats. It was focused on the identification of potential gene expression biomarkers and describing the coreletionship between gene expression and residue level by 58 animals for 49 days. The results showed that administration periods and residue levels significantly influenced mRNA expressions of the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR), the enzymes PRKACB, ADCY3, ATP1A3, ATP2A3, PTH, and MYLK, and the immune factors IL-1β and TNF-α. Statistical analysis like principal components analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and discriminant analysis (DA) showed that these genes can serve as potential biomarkers for ractopamine in skeletal muscle and that they are also suitable for describing different residue levels separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Zhao
- Livestock-Product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) , Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Shuming Yang
- Livestock-Product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) , Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- Livestock-Product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) , Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Livestock-Product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) , Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Can Hou
- Livestock-Product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) , Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yongyou Cheng
- Livestock-Product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) , Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Xinyong You
- Livestock-Product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) , Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Xu Gu
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 10081, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 10081, PR China
| | - Tunio Muhammad Tarique
- Livestock-Product Quality and Safety Research Division, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) , Beijing 100081, PR China
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Marei H, Carpy A, Woroniuk A, Vennin C, White G, Timpson P, Macek B, Malliri A. Differential Rac1 signalling by guanine nucleotide exchange factors implicates FLII in regulating Rac1-driven cell migration. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10664. [PMID: 26887924 PMCID: PMC4759627 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase Rac1 has been implicated in the formation and dissemination of tumours. Upon activation by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), Rac1 associates with a variety of proteins in the cell thereby regulating various functions, including cell migration. However, activation of Rac1 can lead to opposing migratory phenotypes raising the possibility of exacerbating tumour progression when targeting Rac1 in a clinical setting. This calls for the identification of factors that influence Rac1-driven cell motility. Here we show that Tiam1 and P-Rex1, two Rac GEFs, promote Rac1 anti- and pro-migratory signalling cascades, respectively, through regulating the Rac1 interactome. In particular, we demonstrate that P-Rex1 stimulates migration through enhancing the interaction between Rac1 and the actin-remodelling protein flightless-1 homologue, to modulate cell contraction in a RhoA-ROCK-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadir Marei
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M204BX, UK
| | - Alejandro Carpy
- Proteome Center Tuebingen, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72026, Germany
| | - Anna Woroniuk
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M204BX, UK
| | - Claire Vennin
- Invasion and Metastasis Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Gavin White
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M204BX, UK
| | - Paul Timpson
- Invasion and Metastasis Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Boris Macek
- Proteome Center Tuebingen, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72026, Germany
| | - Angeliki Malliri
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M204BX, UK
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29
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El-Yazbi AF, Abd-Elrahman KS, Moreno-Dominguez A. PKC-mediated cerebral vasoconstriction: Role of myosin light chain phosphorylation versus actin cytoskeleton reorganization. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 95:263-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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