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Mafi A, Mannani R, Khalilollah S, Hedayati N, Salami R, Rezaee M, Dehmordi RM, Ghorbanhosseini SS, Alimohammadi M, Akhavan-Sigari R. The Significant Role of microRNAs in Gliomas Angiogenesis: A Particular Focus on Molecular Mechanisms and Opportunities for Clinical Application. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3277-3299. [PMID: 37414973 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01385-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs with only 20-22 nucleic acids that inhibit gene transcription and translation by binding to mRNA. MiRNAs have a diverse set of target genes and can alter most physiological processes, including cell cycle checkpoints, cell survival, and cell death mechanisms, affecting the growth, development, and invasion of various cancers, including gliomas. So optimum management of miRNA expression is essential for preserving a normal biological environment. Due to their small size, stability, and capability of specifically targeting oncogenes, miRNAs have emerged as a promising marker and new biopharmaceutical targeted therapy for glioma patients. This review focuses on the most common miRNAs associated with gliomagenesis and development by controlling glioma-determining markers such as angiogenesis. We also summarized the recent research about miRNA effects on signaling pathways, their mechanistic role and cellular targets in the development of gliomas angiogenesis. Strategies for miRNA-based therapeutic targets, as well as limitations in clinical applications, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Mannani
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Shayan Khalilollah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Hedayati
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raziyeh Salami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Malihe Rezaee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rohollah Mousavi Dehmordi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Sara Ghorbanhosseini
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mina Alimohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Zhang S, Guo S, Yu M, Wang Y, Tao L, Zhang X. Analgesics can affect the sensitivity of temozolomide to glioma chemotherapy through gap junction. Med Oncol 2023; 40:162. [PMID: 37100898 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-01998-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of frequently used analgesics in cancer pain management (flurbiprofen (FLU), tramadol (TRA), and morphine (MOR)) and a novel α2-adrenergic agonist (dexmedetomidine, DEX) on temozolomide (TMZ) sensitivity in glioma cells. Cell counting kit-8 and colony-formation assays were performed to analyze the viability of U87 and SHG-44 cell lines. A high and low cell density of colony method, pharmacological methods, and connexin43 mimetic peptide GAP27 were used to manipulate the function of gap junctions; "Parachute" dye coupling and western blot were employed to determine junctional channel transfer ability and connexin expression. The results showed that DEX (in the concentration range of 0.1 to 5.0 ng/ml) and TRA (in the concentration range of 1.0 to 10.0 µg/ml) reduced the TMZ cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner but was only observed with high cell density (having formed gap junction). The cell viability percentage was 71.3 to 86.8% when DEX was applied at 5.0 ng/ml, while tramadol showed 69.6 to 83.7% viability at 5.0 μg/ml in U87 cells. Similarly, 5.0 ng/ml of DEX resulted in 62.6 to 80.5%, and 5.0 μg/ml TRA showed 63.5 to 77.3% viability in SHG-44 cells. Further investigating the impact of analgesics on gap junctions, only DEX and TRA were found to decrease channel dye transfer through connexin phosphorylation and ERK pathway, while no such effect was observed for FLU and MOR. Analgesics that can affect junctional communication may compromise the effectiveness of TMZ when used simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzhi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sanxing Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meiling Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Tao
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
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The Multifaceted Role of Connexins in Tumor Microenvironment Initiation and Maintenance. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020204. [PMID: 36829482 PMCID: PMC9953436 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Today's research on the processes of carcinogenesis and the vital activity of tumor tissues implies more attention be paid to constituents of the tumor microenvironment and their interactions. These interactions between cells in the tumor microenvironment can be mediated via different types of protein junctions. Connexins are one of the major contributors to intercellular communication. They form the gap junctions responsible for the transfer of ions, metabolites, peptides, miRNA, etc., between neighboring tumor cells as well as between tumor and stromal cells. Connexin hemichannels mediate purinergic signaling and bidirectional molecular transport with the extracellular environment. Additionally, connexins have been reported to localize in tumor-derived exosomes and facilitate the release of their cargo. A large body of evidence implies that the role of connexins in cancer is multifaceted. The pro- or anti-tumorigenic properties of connexins are determined by their abundance, localization, and functionality as well as their channel assembly and non-channel functions. In this review, we have summarized the data on the contribution of connexins to the formation of the tumor microenvironment and to cancer initiation and progression.
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Jiménez-Morales JM, Hernández-Cuenca YE, Reyes-Abrahantes A, Ruiz-García H, Barajas-Olmos F, García-Ortiz H, Orozco L, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Reyes-González J, Del Carmen Abrahantes-Pérez M. MicroRNA delivery systems in glioma therapy and perspectives: A systematic review. J Control Release 2022; 349:712-730. [PMID: 35905783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the deadliest of all primary brain tumors, and they constitute a serious global health problem. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are gene expression regulators associated with glioma pathogenesis. Thus, miRNAs represent potential therapeutic agents for treating gliomas. However, miRNAs have not been established as part of the regular clinical armamentarium. This systemic review evaluates current molecular and pre-clinical studies with the aim of defining the most appealing supramolecular platform for administering therapeutic miRNA to patients with gliomas. An integrated analysis suggested that cationic lipid nanoparticles, functionalized with octa-arginine peptides, represent a potentially specific, practical, non-invasive intervention for treating gliomas. This supramolecular platform allows loading both hydrophilic (miRNA) and hydrophobic (anti-tumor drugs, like temozolomide) molecules. This systemic review is the first to describe miRNA delivery systems targeted to gliomas that integrate several types of molecules as active ingredients. Further experimental validation is warranted to confirm the practical value of miRNA delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Marcos Jiménez-Morales
- Precision Translational Oncology Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yanet Elisa Hernández-Cuenca
- Precision Translational Oncology Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ander Reyes-Abrahantes
- Precision Translational Oncology Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Henry Ruiz-García
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, United States; Brain Tumor Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, United States
| | - Francisco Barajas-Olmos
- Immunogenomics and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Humberto García-Ortiz
- Immunogenomics and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lorena Orozco
- Immunogenomics and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, United States; Brain Tumor Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, United States
| | - Jesús Reyes-González
- Precision Translational Oncology Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), 14610 Mexico City, Mexico.
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Ghosh S, Kumar V, Mukherjee H, Lahiri D, Roy P. Nutraceutical regulation of miRNAs involved in neurodegenerative diseases and brain cancers. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07262. [PMID: 34195404 PMCID: PMC8225984 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain is a well-connected, intricate network of neurons and supporting glial cells. Neurodegenerative diseases arise as a consequence of extensive loss of neuronal cells leading to disruption of their natural structure and function. On the contrary, rapid proliferation and growth of glial as well as neuronal cells account for the occurrence of malignancy in brain. In both cases, the molecular microenvironment holds pivotal importance in the progression of the disease. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are one of the major components of the molecular microenvironment. miRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs that control gene expression post-transcriptionally. As compared to other tissues, the brain expresses a substantially high number of miRNAs. In the early stage of neurodegeneration, miRNA expression upregulates, while in oncogenesis, miRNA expression is gradually lost. Neurodegeneration and brain cancer is presumed to be under the influence of identical pathways of cell proliferation, differentiation and cell death which are tightly regulated by miRNAs. It has been confirmed experimentally that miRNA expression can be regulated by nutraceuticals - macronutrients, micronutrients or natural products derived from food; thereby making dietary supplements immensely significant for targeting miRNAs having altered expression patterns during neurodegeneration or oncogenesis. In this review, we will discuss in detail, about the common miRNAs involved in brain cancers and neurodegenerative diseases along with the comprehensive list of miRNAs involved separately in both pathological conditions. We will also discuss the role of nutraceuticals in the regulation of those miRNAs which are involved in both of these pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Ghosh
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
- Biomaterials and Multiscale Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
- Centre of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Viney Kumar
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Haimanti Mukherjee
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Debrupa Lahiri
- Biomaterials and Multiscale Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
- Centre of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
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Fukuda S, Akiyama M, Niki Y, Kawatsura R, Harada H, Nakahama KI. Inhibitory effects of miRNAs in astrocytes on C6 glioma progression via connexin 43. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:2623-2632. [PMID: 33660186 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04118-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In many types of tumor cells, cell communication via gap junction is decreased or missing. Therefore, cancer cells acquire unique cytosolic environments that differ from those of normal cells. This study assessed the differences in microRNA (miRNA) expression between cancer and normal cells. MicroRNA microarray analysis revealed five miRNAs that were highly expressed in normal astrocytes compared with that in C6 gliomas. To determine whether these miRNAs could pass through gap junctions, connexin 43 was expressed in C6 glioma cells and co-cultured with normal astrocytes. The co-culture experiment showed the possibility that miR-152-3p and miR-143-3p propagate from normal astrocytes to C6 glioma in connexin 43-dependent and -independent manners, respectively. Moreover, we established C6 glioma cells that expressed miR-152-3p or miR-143-3p. Although the proliferation of these miRNA-expressing C6 glioma cells did not differ from that of empty vectors introduced in C6 glioma cells, cell migration and invasion were significantly decreased in C6 glioma cells expressing miR-152-3p or miR-143-3p. These results suggest the possibility that miRNA produced by normal cells attenuates tumor progression through connexin 43-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Fukuda
- Department of Cellular Physiological Chemistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Masako Akiyama
- Research Administration Division, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yuki Niki
- Department of Cellular Physiological Chemistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Risa Kawatsura
- Department of Cellular Physiological Chemistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Harada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nakahama
- Department of Cellular Physiological Chemistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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Mulkearns-Hubert EE, Reizes O, Lathia JD. Connexins in Cancer: Jekyll or Hyde? Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1654. [PMID: 33321749 PMCID: PMC7764653 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression, localization, and function of connexins, the protein subunits that comprise gap junctions, are often altered in cancer. In addition to cell-cell coupling through gap junction channels, connexins also form hemichannels that allow communication between the cell and the extracellular space and perform non-junctional intracellular activities. Historically, connexins have been considered tumor suppressors; however, they can also serve tumor-promoting functions in some contexts. Here, we review the literature surrounding connexins in cancer cells in terms of specific connexin functions and propose that connexins function upstream of most, if not all, of the hallmarks of cancer. The development of advanced connexin targeting approaches remains an opportunity for the field to further interrogate the role of connexins in cancer phenotypes, particularly through the use of in vivo models. More specific modulators of connexin function will both help elucidate the functions of connexins in cancer and advance connexin-specific therapies in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E. Mulkearns-Hubert
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (O.R.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Ofer Reizes
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (O.R.); (J.D.L.)
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College, Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Justin D. Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (O.R.); (J.D.L.)
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College, Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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Rezaei O, Honarmand K, Nateghinia S, Taheri M, Ghafouri-Fard S. miRNA signature in glioblastoma: Potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 117:104550. [PMID: 33010295 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are transcripts with sizes of about 22 nucleotides, which are produced through a multistep process in the nucleus and cytoplasm. These transcripts modulate the expression of their target genes through binding with certain target regions, particularly 3' suntranslated regions. They are involved in the pathogenesis of several kinds of cancers, such as glioblastoma. Several miRNAs, including miR-10b, miR-21, miR-17-92-cluster, and miR-93, have been up-regulated in glioblastoma cell lines and clinical samples. On the other hand, expression of miR-7, miR-29b, miR-32, miR-34, miR-181 family members, and a number of other miRNAs have been decreased in this type of cancer. In the current review, we explain the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma through providing a summary of studies that reported dysregulation of these epigenetic effectors in this kind of brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omidvar Rezaei
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kasra Honarmand
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Nateghinia
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Antagonistic Functions of Connexin 43 during the Development of Primary or Secondary Bone Tumors. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091240. [PMID: 32859065 PMCID: PMC7565206 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite research and clinical advances during recent decades, bone cancers remain a leading cause of death worldwide. There is a low survival rate for patients with primary bone tumors such as osteosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma or secondary bone tumors such as bone metastases from prostate carcinoma. Gap junctions are specialized plasma membrane structures consisting of transmembrane channels that directly link the cytoplasm of adjacent cells, thereby enabling the direct exchange of small signaling molecules between cells. Discoveries of human genetic disorders due to genetic mutations in gap junction proteins (connexins) and experimental data using connexin knockout mice have provided significant evidence that gap-junctional intercellular communication (Gj) is crucial for tissue function. Thus, the dysfunction of Gj may be responsible for the development of some diseases. Gj is thus a main mechanism for tumor cells to communicate with other tumor cells and their surrounding microenvironment to survive and proliferate. If it is well accepted that a low level of connexin expression favors cancer cell proliferation and therefore primary tumor development, more evidence is suggesting that a high level of connexin expression stimulates various cellular process such as intravasation, extravasation, or migration of metastatic cells. If so, connexin expression would facilitate secondary tumor dissemination. This paper discusses evidence that suggests that connexin 43 plays an antagonistic role in the development of primary bone tumors as a tumor suppressor and secondary bone tumors as a tumor promoter.
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Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA), the biologically active metabolite of vitamin A, regulates a vast spectrum of biological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and morphogenesis. microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in regulating gene expression by binding to messenger RNA (mRNA) which leads to mRNA degradation and/or translational repression. Like RA, miRNAs regulate multiple biological processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, neurogenesis, tumorigenesis, and immunity. In fact, RA regulates the expression of many miRNAs to exert its biological functions. miRNA and RA regulatory networks have been studied in recent years. In this manuscript, we summarize literature that highlights the impact of miRNAs in RA-regulated molecular networks included in the PubMed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Atharva Piyush Rohatgi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, United States.
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Qi Y, Yao X, Du X. Midazolam inhibits proliferation and accelerates apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by elevating microRNA-124-3p and suppressing PIM-1. IUBMB Life 2019; 72:452-464. [PMID: 31651086 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, the impact of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been identified in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), this study was designed to assess the effects of miR-124-3p and midazolam (MDZ) in HCC with the involvement of PIM-1. METHODS HepG2 human HCC cells were selected for our study, which were treated with different concentrations of MDZ. The gain- and loss-of-function experiments were performed to elucidate the migration, invasion, proliferation, colony formation ability, cell cycle, and apoptosis of HepG2 cells upon treatment of MDZ, miR-124-3p mimics, or miR-124-3p inhibitor. The expression levels of miR-124-3p, PIM-1, Bax, Bcl-2, P21, and Ki-67 in HepG2 cells were assessed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Moreover, HepG2 cell growth in vivo was measured by subcutaneous tumorigenesis in nude mice, and the target relation between miR-124-3p and PIM-1 was evaluated using dual luciferase reporter gene assay. RESULTS We have found that after treated with overexpression of miR-124-3p and MDZ, there exhibited elevated miR-124-3p, declined expression of PIM-1, attenuated migration, invasion, proliferation and colony formation ability, and promoted apoptosis of HepG2 cells. Additionally, it could be observed that the tumor volume and weight were all reduced upon treatment of overexpression of miR-124-3p and MDZ. Meanwhile, the results in the HepG2 cells that treated with down-regulated miR-124-3p were the opposite. Furthermore, PIM-1 was found to be a target gene of miR-124-3p. CONCLUSION Our study found that MDZ could inhibit proliferation and accelerate apoptosis of HCC cells by elevation of miR-124-3p and suppressing PIM-1, which may be an effective method in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Qi
- Anesthesiology Department, Henan Province People's hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyan Yao
- Anesthesiology Department, Henan Province People's hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianhui Du
- Anesthesiology Department, Henan Province People's hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
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Tang H, Zhao H, Yu ZY, Feng X, Fu BS, Qiu CH, Zhang JW. MicroRNA-194 inhibits cell invasion and migration in hepatocellular carcinoma through PRC1-mediated inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Dig Liver Dis 2019; 51:1314-1322. [PMID: 30948333 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a commonly occurring malignancy accompanied by significant mortality rates. More recently, extensive investigations into microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles have been conducted to identify their ability to inhibit tumors. Thus, this study explored the role of miR-194 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell invasion and migration through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by binding to protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 (PRC1) in HCC. METHODS Initially, HCC related microarray data were retrieved and analyzed, and regulatory miRNAs of PRC1 were predicted accordingly. Next, the roles of miR-194, PRC1, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in HCC were determined, with relationship between PRC1 and miR-194 being verified subsequently. The role of miR-194 in cell EMT, migration, proliferation and invasion was evaluated through gain- and loss- function studies. Finally, tumor xenograft in nude mice was induced to assess tumor growth of HCC. RESULTS miR-194 affected HCC development in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway with putative binding sites to PRC1. MiR-194 could target PRC1. MiR-194 was downregulated while PRC1 was upregulated in HCC tissues. Additionally, miR-194 elevation and PRC1 silencing could suppress EMT, growth, proliferation, invasion, and migration in HCC cells by inactivating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Taken together, this study demonstrated that miR-194 inhibited EMT, cell invasion and migration through inactivation of PRC1-dependent Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhen-Yu Yu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiao Feng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Bin-Sheng Fu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chun-Hui Qiu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Jian-Wen Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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13
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Peng Y, Wang X, Guo Y, Peng F, Zheng N, He B, Ge H, Tao L, Wang Q. Pattern of cell-to-cell transfer of microRNA by gap junction and its effect on the proliferation of glioma cells. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:1947-1958. [PMID: 31012516 PMCID: PMC6549926 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA is expected to be a novel therapeutic tool for tumors. Gap junctions facilitate the transfer of microRNA, which exerts biological effects on tumor cells. However, the length of microRNA that can pass through certain gap junctions composed of specific connexin remains unknown. To address this question, the present study investigated the permeability of gap junctions composed of various connexins, including connexin 43, connexin 32 or connexin 37, to microRNAs consisting of 18-27 nucleotides in glioma cells and cervical cancer cells. Results indicated that all of the microRNAs were able to be transferred from donor glioma cells to neighboring cells through the connexin 43 composed gap junction, but not the gap junctions composed of connexin 32 or connexin 37, in cervical cancer cells. Downregulation of the function of gap junctions comprising connexin 43 by pharmacological inhibition and shRNA significantly decreased the transfer of these microRNAs. In contrast, gap junction enhancers and overexpression of connexin 43 effectively increased these transfers. In glioma cells, cell proliferation was inhibited by microRNA-34a. Additionally, these effects of microRNA-34a were significantly enhanced by overexpression of connexin 43 in U251 cells, indicating that gap junctions play an important role in the antitumor effect of microRNA by transfer of microRNA to neighboring cells. Our data are the first to clarify the pattern of microRNA transmission through gap junctions and provide novel insights to show that antitumor microRNAs should be combined with connexin 43 or a connexin 43 enhancer, not connexin 32 or connexin 37, in order to improve the therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexia Peng
- Department of PharmacologyZhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiyan Wang
- Tumor Research InstituteXinjiang Medical University Affiliated Tumor HospitalUrumqiChina
| | - Yunquan Guo
- Tumor Research InstituteXinjiang Medical University Affiliated Tumor HospitalUrumqiChina
| | - Fuhua Peng
- Department of PharmacologyZhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ningze Zheng
- Department of PharmacologyZhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Bo He
- Department of AnesthesiologySun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hui Ge
- Tumor Research InstituteXinjiang Medical University Affiliated Tumor HospitalUrumqiChina
| | - Liang Tao
- Department of PharmacologyZhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of PharmacologyZhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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14
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Vuokila N, Lukasiuk K, Bot AM, van Vliet EA, Aronica E, Pitkänen A, Puhakka N. miR-124-3p is a chronic regulator of gene expression after brain injury. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:4557-4581. [PMID: 30155647 PMCID: PMC11105702 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2911-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) initiates molecular and cellular pathologies that underlie post-injury morbidities, including hippocampus-related memory decline and epileptogenesis. Non-coding small RNAs are master regulators of gene expression with the potential to affect multiple molecular pathways. To evaluate whether hippocampal gene expression networks are chronically regulated by microRNAs after TBI, we sampled the dentate gyrus of rats with severe TBI induced by lateral fluid-percussion injury 3 months earlier. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed 30 upregulated miR-124-3p targets, suggesting that miR-124-3p is downregulated post-TBI (z-score = - 5.146, p < 0.05). Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) and in situ hybridization confirmed the chronic downregulation of miR-124-3p (p < 0.05). Quantitative PCR analysis of two targets, Plp2 and Stat3, indicated that their upregulation correlated with the miR-124-3p downregulation (r = - 0.647, p < 0.05; r = - 0.629, p < 0.05, respectively). Immunohistochemical staining of STAT3 confirmed the increased protein expression. STRING analysis showed that 9 of the 30 miR-124-3p targets belonged to a STAT3 network. Reactome analysis and data mining connected the targets especially to inflammation and signal transduction. L1000CDS2 software revealed drugs (e.g., importazole, trichostatin A, and IKK-16) that could reverse the observed molecular changes. The translational value of our data was emphasized by in situ hybridization showing chronic post-traumatic downregulation of miR-124-3p in the dentate gyrus of TBI patients. Analysis of another brain injury model, status epilepticus, highlighted the fact that chronic downregulation of miR-124 is a common phenomenon after brain injury. Together, our findings indicate that miR-124-3p is a chronic modulator of molecular networks relevant to post-injury hippocampal pathologies in experimental models and in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina Vuokila
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katarzyna Lukasiuk
- The Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Maria Bot
- The Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Erwin A van Vliet
- Department of (Neuro)pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Asla Pitkänen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Noora Puhakka
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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15
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Lemcke H, David R. Potential mechanisms of microRNA mobility. Traffic 2018; 19:910-917. [PMID: 30058163 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are important epigenetic modulators of gene expression that control cellular physiology as well as tissue homeostasis, and development. In addition to the temporal aspects of miRNA-mediated gene regulation, the intracellular localization of miRNA is crucial for its silencing activity. Recent studies indicated that miRNA is even translocated between cells via gap junctional cell-cell contacts, allowing spatiotemporal modulation of gene expression within multicellular systems. Although non coding RNA remains a focus of intense research, studies regarding the intra-and intercellular mobility of small RNAs are still largely missing. Emerging data from experimental and computational work suggest the involvement of transport mechanisms governing proper localization of miRNA in single cells and cellular syncytia. Based on these data, we discuss a model of miRNA translocation that could help to address the spatial aspects of miRNA function and the impact of miRNA molecules on the intercellular signaling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Lemcke
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC), University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Robert David
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC), University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
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16
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Yin P, Li Y, Lv H, Deng Y, Meng Y, Zhang L, Tang P. Exchange of genetic material: a new paradigm in bone cell communications. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1989-1998. [PMID: 29487950 PMCID: PMC11105778 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2782-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An emerging concept in intercellular communication in mammals is that communication can be mediated by exchange of genetic material, mainly in the form of RNAs. In this review, we discuss recent studies that describe the trafficking of genetic material with a focus on bone cell communication. Three major carriers are discussed: gap junctions, protein-binding complexes, and genetic material exchange mediated by extracellular vesicles. While protein-level exchange has been well documented, no review has summarized the novel paradigm of cell-to-cell communication by genetic information exchange in bone tissues or its biological relevance in terms of bone homeostasis and bone-related diseases. The purpose of this review is to promote further understanding of this novel discovery regarding bone cell communication and provide references for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbin Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Houchen Lv
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutong Meng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Licheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peifu Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Connexins and Pannexins: Important Players in Tumorigenesis, Metastasis and Potential Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061645. [PMID: 29865195 PMCID: PMC6032133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their characterization more than five decades ago, gap junctions and their structural proteins-the connexins-have been associated with cancer cell growth. During that period, the accumulation of data and molecular knowledge about this association revealed an apparent contradictory relationship between them and cancer. It appeared that if gap junctions or connexins can down regulate cancer cell growth they can be also implied in the migration, invasion and metastatic dissemination of cancer cells. Interestingly, in all these situations, connexins seem to be involved through various mechanisms in which they can act either as gap-junctional intercellular communication mediators, modulators of signalling pathways through their interactome, or as hemichannels, which mediate autocrine/paracrine communication. This complex involvement of connexins in cancer progression is even more complicated by the fact that their hemichannel function may overlap with other gap junction-related proteins, the pannexins. Despite this complexity, the possible involvements of connexins and pannexins in cancer progression and the elucidation of the mechanisms they control may lead to use them as new targets to control cancer progression. In this review, the involvements of connexins and pannexins in these different topics (cancer cell growth, invasion/metastasis process, possible cancer therapeutic targets) are discussed.
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18
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Valdebenito S, Lou E, Baldoni J, Okafo G, Eugenin E. The Novel Roles of Connexin Channels and Tunneling Nanotubes in Cancer Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1270. [PMID: 29695070 PMCID: PMC5983846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoplastic growth and cellular differentiation are critical hallmarks of tumor development. It is well established that cell-to-cell communication between tumor cells and "normal" surrounding cells regulates tumor differentiation and proliferation, aggressiveness, and resistance to treatment. Nevertheless, the mechanisms that result in tumor growth and spread as well as the adaptation of healthy surrounding cells to the tumor environment are poorly understood. A major component of these communication systems is composed of connexin (Cx)-containing channels including gap junctions (GJs), tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), and hemichannels (HCs). There are hundreds of reports about the role of Cx-containing channels in the pathogenesis of cancer, and most of them demonstrate a downregulation of these proteins. Nonetheless, new data demonstrate that a localized communication via Cx-containing GJs, HCs, and TNTs plays a key role in tumor growth, differentiation, and resistance to therapies. Moreover, the type and downstream effects of signals communicated between the different populations of tumor cells are still unknown. However, new approaches such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) could provide new insights into these signals communicated between connected cells. We propose that the identification and characterization of these new communication systems and their associated signaling could provide new targets to prevent or reduce the devastating consequences of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Valdebenito
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI), Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers the State University of NJ, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
| | - Emil Lou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - John Baldoni
- GlaxoSmithKline, In-Silico Drug Discovery Unit, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
| | - George Okafo
- GlaxoSmithKline, In-Silico Drug Discovery Unit, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Eliseo Eugenin
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI), Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers the State University of NJ, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
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19
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Zhang G, Chen L, Khan AA, Li B, Gu B, Lin F, Su X, Yan J. miRNA-124-3p/neuropilin-1(NRP-1) axis plays an important role in mediating glioblastoma growth and angiogenesis. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:635-644. [PMID: 29457830 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal brain malignancy which involves multi-gene abnormality. Unfortunately, effective therapy against GBM remains lacking. Previously, we found that NRP-1 and its downstream NRP-1/GIPC1 pathway played an important role in GBM. In our study, we further investigated the upstream signaling of NRP-1 to understand how it is regulated. First, we identified that hsa-miR-124-3p was miRNA differentially expressed in GBM and in normal brain tissues by high-throughput sequencing. Then, by dual luciferase reporter gene, we found miR-124-3p can specially bind to the 3'UTR region of the NRP-1 thus suppresses its expression. Moreover, miR-124-3p overexpression significantly inhibited GBM cell proliferation, migration and tumor angiogenesis which resulted in GBM apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, putatively via NRP-1 mediated PI3K/Akt/NFκB pathways activation in GBM cells. Meanwhile, miR-124-3p overexpression also suppressed tumor growth and reduced tumor angiogenesis when targeted by NRP-1 in a PDX model. Furthermore, NRP-1 mAb exerted synergistic inhibitory effects with miR-124-3p overexpression in GBM. Thus, we discovered that miR-124-3p acts as the upstream suppressor of NRP-1 which promotes GBM cell development and growth by PI3K/Akt/NFκB pathway. The miR-124-3p/NRP-1/GIPC1 pathway as a new pathway has a vital role in GBM, and it could be considered as the potential target for malignant gliomas in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lukui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ahsan Ali Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Bingqian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Bin Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Fan Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xinhui Su
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361004, China
| | - Jianghua Yan
- Medical College, Cancer Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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20
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Thuringer D, Jego G, Berthenet K, Hammann A, Solary E, Garrido C. Gap junction-mediated transfer of miR-145-5p from microvascular endothelial cells to colon cancer cells inhibits angiogenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:28160-8. [PMID: 27058413 PMCID: PMC5053717 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gap junctional communication between cancer cells and blood capillary cells is crucial to tumor growth and invasion. Gap junctions may transfer microRNAs (miRs) among cells. Here, we explore the impact of such a transfer in co-culture assays, using the antitumor miR-145 as an example. The SW480 colon carcinoma cells form functional gap junction composed of connexin-43 (Cx43) with human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC). When HMEC are loaded with miR-145-5p mimics, the miR-145 level drastically increases in SW480. The functional inhibition of gap junctions, using either a gap channel blocker or siRNA targeting Cx43, prevents this increase. The transfer of miR-145 also occurs from SW480 to HMEC but not in non-contact co-cultures, excluding the involvement of soluble exosomes. The miR-145 transfer to SW480 up-regulates their Cx43 expression and inhibits their ability to promote angiogenesis. Our results indicate that the gap junctional communication can inhibit tumor growth by transferring miRs from one endothelial cell to neighboring tumor cells. This “bystander” effect could find application in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaetan Jego
- INSERM, U866, Faculty of Medecine, 21000 Dijon, France.,University of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | | | | | - Eric Solary
- INSERM, U1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94508 Villejuif, France
| | - Carmen Garrido
- INSERM, U866, Faculty of Medecine, 21000 Dijon, France.,University of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France.,CGFL, BP77980, 21000 Dijon, France
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21
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Wang L, Peng Y, Peng J, Shao M, Ma L, Zhu Z, Zhong G, Xia Z, Huang H. Tramadol attenuates the sensitivity of glioblastoma to temozolomide through the suppression of Cx43‑mediated gap junction intercellular communication. Int J Oncol 2017; 52:295-304. [PMID: 29115581 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Analgesics and antineoplastic drugs are often used concurrently for cancer patients. Our previous study reported that gap junctions composed of connexin32 (Cx32) was implicated in the effect of analgesics on cisplatin cytotoxicity. However, the effect of analgesic on the most widely expressed connexin (Cx), connexin43 (Cx43), and whether such effect mediates the influence on chemotherapeutic efficiency remain unknown. By manipulation of Cx43 expression or gap junction function, we found that there were gap junction-dependent and independent effect of Cx43 on temozolomide (TMZ) sensitivity in U87 glioblastoma cells. Studies on survival and apoptosis showed widely used analgesic tramadol significantly reduced TMZ-induced cytotoxicity in control and negative control cells but not shCx43-transfected cells. Proliferation assay demonstrated tramadol suppressed TMZ-induced cytotoxicity only on high density (with gap junction formation) but not on low density (without gap junction formation). Tramadol inhibited dye-coupling through gap junctions between U87 cells. Tramadol treatment for 72 h did not alter Cx43 expression, but decreased Cx43 phosphorylation accompanied with reduced p-ERK and p-JNK. Our results indicated that long-term treatment with tramadol reduced TMZ cytotoxicity in U87 cells by suppressing Cx43-composed gap junctions, suggesting identification and usage of antinociceptive drugs which do not downregulate connexin activity should have beneficial therapeutic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P.R. China
| | - Yuexia Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jianxin Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangdong Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Min Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430064, P.R. China
| | - Zhuoli Zhu
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P.R. China
| | - Guocheng Zhong
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P.R. China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P.R. China
| | - Huansen Huang
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P.R. China
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22
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Dong H, Zhou XW, Wang X, Yang Y, Luo JW, Liu YH, Mao Q. Complex role of connexin 43 in astrocytic tumors and possible promotion of glioma‑associated epileptic discharge (Review). Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7890-7900. [PMID: 28983585 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Connexin (Cx)43 is a multifunction protein which forms gap junction channels and hemi‑channels. It also contains abundant binding domains which possess the ability to interact with certain Cx43‑associated proteins and therefore serve a fundamental role in various physiological and pathological functions. However, the understanding of the association between cancer and Cx43 along with Cx43‑gap junctions (GJ) remains unclear. All available data illustrate that Cx43 and its associated GJ serve important functions in cancers. The expression levels of Cx43 demonstrate a downward trend and an increase in the levels of malignancy, particularly in astrocytomas. The GJ intercellular communication activity in glioma cells can be adjusted via Cx43 phosphorylation and through the combination of Cx43 and its associated protein. Available evidence reveals Cx43 as a tumor‑inhibiting factor that suppresses glioma growth and proliferation. However, its mechanism is also regarded as complicated and ambiguous. Furthermore, it is apparent that Cx43‑GJ and the carboxyl tail may contribute to glioma growth and proliferation too. However, this valuable role could be weakened by its effects on migration and invasiveness. The detailed mechanism remains unclear and full of controversies. Cx43 can enhance the motor ability and invasiveness of astrocytic glioma cells. It is also able to influence glioma cells to detach from the tumor core to the peritumoral neocortex. This peritumoral region has recently been regarded as the basic focus of glioma‑associated seizure. Thus, Cx43 may take part in the onset and development of glioma‑associated epileptic discharge. In addition, change and increase of Cx43 expression in GJs has been observed in seizure perilesional tissue, which is associated with brain tumors. Cx43 or GJ/hemi‑channels exert enduring effects in the promotion of glioma‑associated epileptic release through direct mass effects and change of the tumor microenvironment. However, there are still a number of issues concerning this aspect that require further exploration. Cx43, as a potential treatment target against this incurable disease and its common symptom of epilepsy, requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Wang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jie-Wen Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Hui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Qing Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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23
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Umrani MR, Joglekar MV, Somerville Glover E, Wong W, Hardikar AA. Connexins and microRNAs: Interlinked players in regulating islet function? Islets 2017; 9:99-108. [PMID: 28686518 PMCID: PMC5624287 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2017.1331192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells are connected to neighboring endocrine cells through the adherin proteins and gap junctions. Connexin 36 (Cx36) is one of the most well-studied and abundantly expressed gap-junction proteins within rodent islets, which is important in coordinated insulin secretion. The expression of connexins is regulated at various levels and by several mechanisms; one of which is via microRNAs. In past 2 decades, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key molecules in developmental, physiologic and pathological processes. However, very few studies have demonstrated miRNA-mediated regulation of connexins. Even though there are no reports yet on miRNAs and Cx36; we envisage that considering the important role of connexins and microRNAs in insulin secretion, there would be common pathways interlinking these biomolecules. Here, we discuss the current literature on connexins and miRNAs specifically with reference to islet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malati R. Umrani
- National centre for cell science, Ganeshkhind, Pune University Campus, Pune, India
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mugdha V. Joglekar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ella Somerville Glover
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wilson Wong
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anandwardhan A. Hardikar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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24
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Mechanisms of stem cell based cardiac repair-gap junctional signaling promotes the cardiac lineage specification of mesenchymal stem cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9755. [PMID: 28852100 PMCID: PMC5574972 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10122-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Different subtypes of bone marrow-derived stem cells are characterized by varying functionality and activity after transplantation into the infarcted heart. Improvement of stem cell therapeutics requires deep knowledge about the mechanisms that mediate the benefits of stem cell treatment. Here, we demonstrated that co-transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) led to enhanced synergistic effects on cardiac remodeling. While HSCs were associated with blood vessel formation, MSCs were found to possess transdifferentiation capacity. This cardiomyogenic plasticity of MSCs was strongly promoted by a gap junction-dependent crosstalk between myocytes and stem cells. The inhibition of cell-cell coupling significantly reduced the expression of the cardiac specific transcription factors NKX2.5 and GATA4. Interestingly, we observed that small non-coding RNAs are exchanged between MSCs and cardiomyocytes in a GJ-dependent manner that might contribute to the transdifferentiation process of MSCs within a cardiac environment. Our results suggest that the predominant mechanism of HSCs contribution to cardiac regeneration is based on their ability to regulate angiogenesis. In contrast, transplanted MSCs have the capability for intercellular communication with surrounding cardiomyocytes, which triggers the intrinsic program of cardiogenic lineage specification of MSCs by providing cardiomyocyte-derived cues.
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25
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Thuringer D, Solary E, Garrido C. The Microvascular Gap Junction Channel: A Route to Deliver MicroRNAs for Neurological Disease Treatment. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:246. [PMID: 28824376 PMCID: PMC5543088 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) separate the peripheral blood from the brain. These cells, which are surrounded by basal lamina, pericytes and glial cells, are highly interconnected through tight and gap junctions. Their permeability properties restrict the transfer of potentially useful therapeutic agents. In such a hermetic system, the gap junctional exchange of small molecules between cerebral endothelial and non-endothelial cells is crucial for maintaining tissue homeostasis. MicroRNA were shown to cross gap junction channels, thereby modulating gene expression and function of the recipient cell. It was also shown that, when altered, BMEC could be regenerated by endothelial cells derived from pluripotent stem cells. Here, we discuss the transfer of microRNA through gap junctions between BMEC, the regeneration of BMEC from induced pluripotent stem cells that could be engineered to express specific microRNA, and how such an innovative approach could benefit to the treatment of glioblastoma and other neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Solary
- INSERM U1170, Institut Gustave RoussyVillejuif, France
| | - Carmen Garrido
- INSERM U1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche ComtéDijon, France
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26
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Cervera J, Meseguer S, Mafe S. MicroRNA Intercellular Transfer and Bioelectrical Regulation of Model Multicellular Ensembles by the Gap Junction Connectivity. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:7602-7613. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b04774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Cervera
- Dept.
de Termodinàmica, Facultat de Física, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Salvador Meseguer
- Laboratory
of RNA Modification and Mitochondrial Diseases, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia 46012, Spain
| | - Salvador Mafe
- Dept.
de Termodinàmica, Facultat de Física, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
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27
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Significance and nature of bystander responses induced by various agents. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2017; 773:104-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Lemcke H, Voronina N, Steinhoff G, David R. Analysis of the Gap Junction-dependent Transfer of miRNA with 3D-FRAP Microscopy. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28654065 DOI: 10.3791/55870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Small antisense RNAs, like miRNA and siRNA, play an important role in cellular physiology and pathology and, moreover, can be used as therapeutic agents in the treatment of several diseases. The development of new, innovative strategies for miRNA/siRNA therapy is based on an extensive knowledge of the underlying mechanisms. Recent data suggest that small RNAs are exchanged between cells in a gap junction-dependent manner, thereby inducing gene regulatory effects in the recipient cell. Molecular biological techniques and flow cytometric analysis are commonly used to study the intercellular exchange of miRNA. However, these methods do not provide high temporal resolution, which is necessary when studying the gap junctional flux of molecules. Therefore, to investigate the impact of miRNA/siRNA as intercellular signaling molecules, novel tools are needed that will allow for the analysis of these small RNAs at the cellular level. The present protocol describes the application of three-dimensional fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (3D-FRAP) microscopy to elucidating the gap junction-dependent exchange of miRNA molecules between cardiac cells. Importantly, this straightforward and non-invasive live-cell imaging approach allows for the visualization and quantification of the gap junctional shuttling of fluorescently labeled small RNAs in real time, with high spatio-temporal resolution. The data obtained by 3D-FRAP confirm a novel pathway of intercellular gene regulation, where small RNAs act as signaling molecules within the intercellular network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Lemcke
- Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rostock; Department of Life, Light and Matter of the Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock;
| | - Natalia Voronina
- Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rostock; Department of Life, Light and Matter of the Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock
| | - Gustav Steinhoff
- Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rostock; Department of Life, Light and Matter of the Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock
| | - Robert David
- Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rostock; Department of Life, Light and Matter of the Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock;
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29
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Zhao HB. Hypothesis of K +-Recycling Defect Is Not a Primary Deafness Mechanism for Cx26 ( GJB2) Deficiency. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:162. [PMID: 28603488 PMCID: PMC5445178 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
K+-recycling defect is a long-standing hypothesis for deafness mechanism of Connexin26 (Cx26, GJB2) mutations, which cause the most common hereditary deafness and are responsible for >50% of nonsyndromic hearing loss. The hypothesis states that Cx26 deficiency may disrupt inner ear gap junctions and compromise sinking and recycling of expelled K+ ions after hair cell excitation, causing accumulation of K+-ions in the extracellular space around hair cells producing K+-toxicity, which eventually induces hair cell degeneration and hearing loss. However, this hypothesis has never been directly evidenced, even though it has been widely referred to. Recently, more and more experiments demonstrate that this hypothesis may not be a deafness mechanism underlying Cx26 deficiency. In this review article, we summarized recent advances on the K+-recycling and mechanisms underlying Cx26 deficiency induced hearing loss. The mechanisms underlying K+-sinking, which is the first step for K+-recycling in the cochlea, and Cx26 deficiency induced cochlear developmental disorders, which are responsible for Cx26 deficiency induced congenital deafness and associated with disruption of permeability of inner ear gap junctional channels to miRNAs, are also summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kentucky Medical CenterLexington, KY, United States
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30
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Abba ML, Patil N, Leupold JH, Moniuszko M, Utikal J, Niklinski J, Allgayer H. MicroRNAs as novel targets and tools in cancer therapy. Cancer Lett 2017; 387:84-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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31
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Osswald M, Solecki G, Wick W, Winkler F. A malignant cellular network in gliomas: potential clinical implications. Neuro Oncol 2016; 18:479-85. [PMID: 26995789 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of distinct, ultra-long, and highly functional membrane protrusions in gliomas, particularly in astrocytomas, extends our understanding of how these tumors progress in the brain and how they resist therapies. In this article, we will focus on ideas on how to target these membrane protrusions, for which we have suggested the term "tumor microtubes" (TMs), and the malignant multicellular network they form. First, we discuss TM-specific features and their differential biological functions known so far. Second, the connection between 1p/19q codeletion and the inability to form functional TMs via certain neurodevelopmental pathways is presented; this could provide an explanation for the distinct clinical features of oligodendrogliomas. Third, the role of TMs for primary and potentially also adaptive resistance to cytotoxic therapies is highlighted. Fourth, avenues for therapeutic approaches to inhibit TM formation and/or function are discussed, with a focus on disruption (or exploitation) of network functionality. Finally, we propose ideas on how to use TMs as a biomarker in glioma patients. An increasing understanding of TMs in clinical and preclinical settings will show us whether they really are a long-sought-after Achilles' heel of treatment-resistant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Osswald
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (M.O., G.S., W.W., F.W.); Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (M.O., G.S., W.W., F.W.)
| | - Gergely Solecki
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (M.O., G.S., W.W., F.W.); Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (M.O., G.S., W.W., F.W.)
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (M.O., G.S., W.W., F.W.); Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (M.O., G.S., W.W., F.W.)
| | - Frank Winkler
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (M.O., G.S., W.W., F.W.); Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (M.O., G.S., W.W., F.W.)
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Abstract
Fifty years ago, tumour cells were found to lack electrical coupling, leading to the hypothesis that loss of direct intercellular communication is commonly associated with cancer onset and progression. Subsequent studies linked this phenomenon to gap junctions composed of connexin proteins. Although many studies support the notion that connexins are tumour suppressors, recent evidence suggests that, in some tumour types, they may facilitate specific stages of tumour progression through both junctional and non-junctional signalling pathways. This Timeline article highlights the milestones connecting gap junctions to cancer, and underscores important unanswered questions, controversies and therapeutic opportunities in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trond Aasen
- (Co-corresponding authors) Correspondence to
T.A. () and D.W.L.
()
| | - Marc Mesnil
- STIM Laboratory ERL 7368 CNRS - Faculté des Sciences
Fondamentales et Appliquées, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers,
France
| | - Christian C. Naus
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, The Life
Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British
Columbia, Canada
| | - Paul D. Lampe
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research
Center, Seattle, United States
| | - Dale W. Laird
- (Co-corresponding authors) Correspondence to
T.A. () and D.W.L.
()
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33
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Lemcke H, Peukert J, Voronina N, Skorska A, Steinhoff G, David R. Applying 3D-FRAP microscopy to analyse gap junction-dependent shuttling of small antisense RNAs between cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 98:117-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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34
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Biersack B. Current state of phenolic and terpenoidal dietary factors and natural products as non-coding RNA/microRNA modulators for improved cancer therapy and prevention. Noncoding RNA Res 2016; 1:12-34. [PMID: 30159408 PMCID: PMC6096431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The epigenetic regulation of cancer cells by small non-coding RNA molecules, the microRNAs (miRNAs), has raised particular interest in the field of oncology. These miRNAs play crucial roles concerning pathogenic properties of cancer cells and the sensitivity of cancer cells towards anticancer drugs. Certain miRNAs are responsible for an enhanced activity of drugs, while others lead to the formation of tumor resistance. In addition, miRNAs regulate survival and proliferation of cancer cells, in particular of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), that are especially drug-resistant and, thus, cause tumor relapse in many cases. Various small molecule compounds were discovered that target miRNAs that are known to modulate tumor aggressiveness and drug resistance. This review comprises the effects of naturally occurring small molecules (phenolic compounds and terpenoids) on miRNAs involved in cancer diseases.
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Key Words
- 1,25-D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
- 18-AGA, 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid
- 3,6-DHF, 3,6-dihydroxyflavone
- AKBA, 3-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid
- Anticancer drugs
- CAPE, caffeic acid phenethyl ester
- CDODA-Me, methyl 2-cyano-3,11-dioxo-18β-olean-1,12-dien-30-oate
- Dox, doxorubicin
- EGCG, (−)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate
- MicroRNA
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- PPAP, polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol
- Polyphenols
- RA, retinoic acid
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TQ, thymoquinone
- Terpenes
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Biersack
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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35
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Deng D, Wang L, Chen Y, Li B, Xue L, Shao N, Wang Q, Xia X, Yang Y, Zhi F. MicroRNA-124-3p regulates cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, and bioenergetics by targeting PIM1 in astrocytoma. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:899-907. [PMID: 27088547 PMCID: PMC4946703 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The PIM1 protein is an important regulator of cell proliferation, the cell cycle, apoptosis, and metabolism in various human cancers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are powerful post‐transcriptional gene regulators that function through translational repression or transcript destabilization. Therefore, we aimed to identify whether a close relationship exists between PIM1 and miRNAs. PIM1 protein levels and mRNA levels were significantly upregulated in astrocytoma tissues, indicating the oncogenic role of PIM1 in astrocytoma. Further bioinformatics analysis indicated that miR‐124‐3p targeted the 3′‐UTR of PIM1. We also observed an inverse correlation between the miR‐124‐3p levels and PIM1 protein or mRNA levels in astrocytoma samples. Next, we experimentally confirmed that miR‐124‐3p directly recognizes the 3′‐UTR of the PIM1 transcript and regulates PIM1 expression at both the protein and mRNA levels. Furthermore, we examined the biological consequences of miR‐124‐3p targeting PIM1 in vitro. We showed that the repression of PIM1 in astrocytoma cancer cells by miR‐124‐3p suppressed proliferation, invasion, and aerobic glycolysis and promoted apoptosis. We observed that the restoration or inhibition of PIM1 activity resulted in effects that were similar to those induced by miR‐124‐3p inhibitors or mimics in cancer cells. Finally, overexpression of PIM1 rescued the inhibitory effects of miR‐124‐3p. In summary, these findings aid in understanding the tumor‐suppressive role of miR‐124‐3p in astrocytoma pathogenesis through the inhibition of PIM1 translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Deng
- Modern Medical Research Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Xuzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Biopharm Industry Service Center, Changzhou Center for Biotech Development, Changzhou, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Modern Medical Research Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Lian Xue
- Modern Medical Research Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Naiyuan Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiwei Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yilin Yang
- Modern Medical Research Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhi
- Modern Medical Research Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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36
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Bosone C, Andreu A, Echevarria D. GAP junctional communication in brain secondary organizers. Dev Growth Differ 2016; 58:446-55. [PMID: 27273333 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gap junctions (GJs) are integral membrane proteins that enable the direct cytoplasmic exchange of ions and low molecular weight metabolites between adjacent cells. They are formed by the apposition of two connexons belonging to adjacent cells. Each connexon is formed by six proteins, named connexins (Cxs). Current evidence suggests that gap junctions play an important part in ensuring normal embryo development. Mutations in connexin genes have been linked to a variety of human diseases, although the precise role and the cell biological mechanisms of their action remain almost unknown. Among the big family of Cxs, several are expressed in nervous tissue but just a few are expressed in the anterior neural tube of vertebrates. Many efforts have been made to elucidate the molecular bases of Cxs cell biology and how they influence the morphogenetic signal activity produced by brain signaling centers. These centers, orchestrated by transcription factors and morphogenes determine the axial patterning of the mammalian brain during its specification and regionalization. The present review revisits the findings of GJ composed by Cx43 and Cx36 in neural tube patterning and discuss Cx43 putative enrollment in the control of Fgf8 signal activity coming from the well known secondary organizer, the isthmic organizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Bosone
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández & Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 03550, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Abraham Andreu
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Developmental Biology Laboratory, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Diego Echevarria
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández & Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 03550, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
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37
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Abstract
Communication among cells via direct cell-cell contact by connexin gap junctions, or between cell and extracellular environment via pannexin channels or connexin hemichannels, is a key factor in cell function and tissue homeostasis. Upon malignant transformation in different cancer types, the dysregulation of these connexin and pannexin channels and their effect in cellular communication, can either enhance or suppress tumorigenesis and metastasis. In this review, we will highlight the latest reports on the role of the well characterized connexin family and its ability to form gap junctions and hemichannels in cancer. We will also introduce the more recently discovered family of pannexin channels and our current knowledge about their involvement in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean X Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Silvia Penuela
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A5C1, Canada.
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38
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Li N, Cheng CY. Mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTOR) pathway modulates blood-testis barrier (BTB) function through F-actin organization and gap junction. Histol Histopathol 2016; 31:961-8. [PMID: 26957088 DOI: 10.14670/hh-11-753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) is one of the most important signaling molecules in mammalian cells which regulates an array of cellular events, ranging from cell metabolism to cell proliferation. Based on the association of mTOR with the core component proteins, such as Raptor or Rictor, mTOR can become the mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1) or mTORC2, respectively. Studies have shown that during the epithelial cycle of spermatogenesis, mTORC1 promotes remodeling and restructuring of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) in vitro and in vivo, making the Sertoli cell tight junction (TJ)-permeability barrier "leaky"; whereas mTORC2 promotes BTB integrity, making the Sertoli cell TJ-barrier "tighter". These contrasting effects, coupled with the spatiotemporal expression of the core signaling proteins at the BTB that confer the respective functions of mTORC1 vs. mTORC2 thus provide a unique mechanism to modulate BTB dynamics, allowing or disallowing the transport of biomolecules and also preleptotene spermatocytes across the immunological barrier. More importantly, studies have shown that these changes to BTB dynamics conferred by mTORC1 and mTORC2 are mediated by changes in the organization of the actin microfilament networks at the BTB, and involve gap junction (GJ) intercellular communication. Since GJ has recently been shown to be crucial to reboot spermatogenesis and meiosis following toxicant-induced aspermatogenesis, these findings thus provide new insightful information regarding the integration of mTOR and GJ to regulate spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA
| | - C Yan Cheng
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA. or
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39
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Li N, Mruk DD, Mok KW, Li MWM, Wong CKC, Lee WM, Han D, Silvestrini B, Cheng CY. Connexin 43 reboots meiosis and reseals blood-testis barrier following toxicant-mediated aspermatogenesis and barrier disruption. FASEB J 2015; 30:1436-52. [PMID: 26678449 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-276527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Earlier studies have shown that rats treated with an acute dose of 1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carbohydrazide (adjudin, a male contraceptive under development) causes permanent infertility due to irreversible blood-testis barrier (BTB) disruption even though the population of undifferentiated spermatogonia remains similar to normal rat testes, because spermatogonia fail to differentiate into spermatocytes to enter meiosis. Since other studies have illustrated the significance of connexin 43 (Cx43)-based gap junction in maintaining the homeostasis of BTB in the rat testis and the phenotypes of Sertoli cell-conditional Cx43 knockout mice share many of the similarities of the adjudin-treated rats, we sought to examine if overexpression of Cx43 in these adjudin-treated rats would reseal the disrupted BTB and reinitiate spermatogenesis. A full-length Cx43 cloned into mammalian expression vector pCI-neo was used to transfect testes of adjudin-treated ratsversusempty vector. It was found that overexpression of Cx43 indeed resealed the Sertoli cell tight junction-permeability barrier based on a functionalin vivoassay in tubules displaying signs of meiosis as noted by the presence of round spermatids. Thus, these findings suggest that overexpression of Cx43 reinitiated spermatogenesis at least through the steps of meiosis to generate round spermatids in testes of rats treated with an acute dose of adjudin that led to aspermatogenesis. It was also noted that the round spermatids underwent eventual degeneration with the formation of multinucleated cells following Cx43 overexpression due to the failure of spermiogenesis because no elongating/elongated spermatids were detected in any of the tubules examined. The mechanism by which overexpression of Cx43 reboots meiosis and rescues BTB function was also examined. In summary, overexpression of Cx43 in the testis with aspermatogenesis reboots meiosis and reseals toxicant-induced BTB disruption, even though it fails to support round spermatids to enter spermiogenesis.-Li, N., Mruk, D. D., Mok, K.-W., Li, M. W. M., Wong, C. K. C., Lee, W. M., Han, D., Silvestrini, B., Cheng, C. Y. Connexin 43 reboots meiosis and reseals blood-testis barrier following toxicant-mediated aspermatogenesis and barrier disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- *The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; and S.B.M. Srl Pharmaceuticals, Rome, Italy
| | - Dolores D Mruk
- *The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; and S.B.M. Srl Pharmaceuticals, Rome, Italy
| | - Ka-Wai Mok
- *The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; and S.B.M. Srl Pharmaceuticals, Rome, Italy
| | - Michelle W M Li
- *The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; and S.B.M. Srl Pharmaceuticals, Rome, Italy
| | - Chris K C Wong
- *The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; and S.B.M. Srl Pharmaceuticals, Rome, Italy
| | - Will M Lee
- *The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; and S.B.M. Srl Pharmaceuticals, Rome, Italy
| | - Daishu Han
- *The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; and S.B.M. Srl Pharmaceuticals, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Silvestrini
- *The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; and S.B.M. Srl Pharmaceuticals, Rome, Italy
| | - C Yan Cheng
- *The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; and S.B.M. Srl Pharmaceuticals, Rome, Italy
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Lemcke H, Steinhoff G, David R. Gap junctional shuttling of miRNA — A novel pathway of intercellular gene regulation and its prospects in clinical application. Cell Signal 2015; 27:2506-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Vinken M. Regulation of connexin signaling by the epigenetic machinery. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2015; 1859:262-8. [PMID: 26566120 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Connexins and their channels are involved in the control of all aspects of the cellular life cycle, ranging from cell growth to cell death, by mediating extracellular, intercellular and intracellular communication. These multifaceted aspects of connexin-related cellular signaling obviously require strict regulation. While connexin channel activity is mainly directed by posttranslational modifications, connexin expression as such is managed by classical cis/trans mechanisms. Over the past few years, it has become clear that connexin production is equally dictated by epigenetic actions. This paper provides an overview of the role of major determinants of the epigenome, including DNA methylation, histone acetylation and microRNA species, in connexin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Vinken
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Building G, Room G226, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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