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Chen J, Ding W, Zhang Z, Li Q, Wang M, Feng J, Zhang W, Cao L, Ji X, Nie S, Sun Z. Shenfu injection targets the PI3K-AKT pathway to regulate autophagy and apoptosis in acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by sepsis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155627. [PMID: 38696924 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by an exaggerated response to infection. In the lungs, one of the most susceptible organs, this can manifest as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Shenfu (SF) injection is a prominent traditional Chinese medicine used to treat sepsis. However, the exact mechanism of its action has rarely been reported in the literature. PURPOSE In the present study, we detected the protective effect of SF injection on sepsis-induced ARDS and explored its underlying mechanism. METHODS We investigated the potential targets and regulatory mechanisms of SF injections using a combination of network pharmacology and RNA sequencing. This study was conducted both in vivo and in vitro using a mouse model of ARDS and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated MLE-12 cells, respectively. RESULTS The results showed that SF injection could effectively inhibit inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis to alleviate LPS-induced ARDS. SF inhibited the PI3K-AKT pathway, which controls autophagy and apoptosis. Subsequently, MLE-12 cells were treated with 3-methyladenine to assess its effects on autophagy and apoptosis. Additional experiments were conducted by adding rapamycin, an mTOR antagonist, or SC79, an AKT agonist, to investigate the effects of SF injection on autophagy, apoptosis, and the PI3K-AKT pathway. CONCLUSION Overall, we found that SF administration could enhance autophagic activity, reduce apoptosis, suppress inflammatory responses and oxidative stress, and inhibit the PI3K-AKT pathway, thus ameliorating sepsis-induced ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, PR China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221000, PR China
| | - Weichao Ding
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, PR China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China; Department of Emergency Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, PR China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, PR China; Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, PR China
| | - Quan Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Liping Cao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Xiaohang Ji
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Shinan Nie
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, PR China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China.
| | - Zhaorui Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, PR China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China.
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Dong H, Hao Y, Gao P. Vitamin D level in COVID-19 patients has positive correlations with autophagy and negative correlations with disease severity. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1388348. [PMID: 38783947 PMCID: PMC11112027 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1388348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives There is still incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Calcitriol, the main form of vitamin D in serum, regulates immune responses and increases resistance to pathogens, but the mechanism by which it protects against COVID-19 is uncertain. Autophagy has antiviral effects and helps to maintain homeostasis, but its specific role in COVID-19 is also uncertain. Both vitamin D and autophagy have important functions in the lung microenvironment. This study examined the relationship of serum vitamin D and autophagy-related proteins in patients with COVID-19 and evaluated their potential use as biomarkers. Methods Blood samples from COVID-19 patients at the Second Hospital of Jilin University were collected. The levels of vitamin D, autophagy-related proteins (Becline 1 [BECN1] and autophagy-related 7 [ATG7]), and inflammatory markers (TNF-α and IL-1β) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results We examined 25 patients with mild/moderate COVID-19 and 27 patients with severe/critical COVID-19. The group with severe/critical COVID-19 had more abnormalities in many laboratory indicators, including lower levels of autophagy markers (BECN1 and ATG7) and vitamin D, and higher levels of inflammatory markers (TNF-α and IL-1β). Partial correlation analysis showed that vitamin D had strong positive correlations with ATG7 (r = 0.819, p < 0.001) and BECN1 (r = 0.900, p < 0.001). Conclusion Our results demonstrated that the vitamin D level had significant negative correlations with COVID-19 severity and strong positive correlations with autophagy. These findings enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of COVID-19, and provide a theoretical basis for clinical interventions that target autophagy and vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peng Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Li Y, Liu Y, Yao X, Zhu L, Yang L, Zhan Q. MLKL Protects Pulmonary Endothelial Cells in Acute Lung Injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2024; 70:295-307. [PMID: 38207123 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0207oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of autophagy in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) is controversial in LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL) has recently been reported to maintain cell survival by facilitating autophagic flux in response to starvation rather than its well-recognized role in necroptosis. Using a mouse PMVEC and LPS-induced ALI model, we showed that in PMVECs, MLKL was phosphorylated (p-MLKL) and autophagic flux was accelerated at the early stage of LPS stimulation (1-3 h), manifested by increases in concentrations of lipidated MAP1LC3B/LC3B (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 β; LC3-II), decreases in concentrations of SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1), and fusion of the autophagosome and lysosome by pHluorin-mKate2-human LC3 assay, which were all reversed by either MLKL inhibitor or siRNA MLKL. In mice, the inhibition of MLKL increased vascular permeability and aggravated mouse ALI upon 3-hour LPS stimulation. The p-MLKL induced by short-term LPS formed multimers to facilitate the closure of the phagophore by HaloTag-LC3 autophagosome completion assay. The charged multivesicular body protein 2A (CHMP2A) is essential in the process of phagophore closure into the nascent autophagosome. In agreement with the p-MLKL change, CHMP2A concentrations markedly increased during 1-3-hour LPS stimulation. CHMP2A knockdown blocked autophagic flux upon LPS stimulation, whereas CHMP2A overexpression boosted autophagic flux and attenuated mouse ALI even in the presence of MLKL inhibitor. We propose that the activated MLKL induced by short-term LPS facilitates autophagic flux by accelerating the closure of the phagophore via CHMP2A, thus protecting PMVECs and alleviating LPS-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; and
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingxiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; and
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueya Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; and
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; and
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; and
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Qionghui Zhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; and
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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Dai C, Lin X, Qi Y, Wang Y, Lv Z, Zhao F, Deng Z, Feng X, Zhang T, Pu X. Vitamin D3 improved hypoxia-induced lung injury by inhibiting the complement and coagulation cascade and autophagy pathway. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:9. [PMID: 38166725 PMCID: PMC10759436 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02784-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary metabolic dysfunction can cause lung tissue injury. There is still no ideal drug to protect against hypoxia-induced lung injury, therefore, the development of new drugs to prevent and treat hypoxia-induced lung injury is urgently needed. We aimed to explore the ameliorative effects and molecular mechanisms of vitamin D3 (VD3) on hypoxia-induced lung tissue injury. METHODS Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: normoxia, hypoxia, and hypoxia + VD3. The rat model of hypoxia was established by placing the rats in a hypobaric chamber. The degree of lung injury was determined using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, lung water content, and lung permeability index. Transcriptome data were subjected to differential gene expression and pathway analyses. In vitro, type II alveolar epithelial cells were co-cultured with hepatocytes and then exposed to hypoxic conditions for 24 h. For VD3 treatment, the cells were treated with low and high concentrations of VD3. RESULTS Transcriptome and KEGG analyses revealed that VD3 affects the complement and coagulation cascade pathways in hypoxia-induced rats, and the genes enriched in this pathway were Fgb/Fga/LOC100910418. Hypoxia can cause increases in lung edema, inflammation, and lung permeability disruption, which are attenuated by VD3 treatment. VD3 weakened the complement and coagulation cascade in the lung and liver of hypoxia-induced rats, characterized by lower expression of fibrinogen alpha chain (Fga), fibrinogen beta chain (Fgb), protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1), protease-activated receptor 3 (PAR3), protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4), complement (C) 3, C3a, and C5. In addition, VD3 improved hypoxic-induced type II alveolar epithelial cell damage and inflammation by inhibiting the complement and coagulation cascades. Furthermore, VD3 inhibited hypoxia-induced autophagy in vivo and in vitro, which was abolished by the mitophagy inducer, carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). CONCLUSION VD3 alleviated hypoxia-induced pulmonary edema by inhibiting the complement and coagulation cascades and autophagy pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Dai
- Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Lin
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinglian Qi
- Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai Province, 810008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxuan Wang
- Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongkui Lv
- Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Fubang Zhao
- Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangchang Deng
- Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokai Feng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province, 810007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tongzuo Zhang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province, 810001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoyan Pu
- Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province, 810016, People's Republic of China.
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Hao M, Zhong K, Bai X, Wu S, Li L, He Y, Wang Z, Sun X, Wang Q, Guo Y, Sun Y, Wu L. Upregulated Tβ4 expression in inflammatory bowel disease impairs the intestinal mucus barrier by inhibiting autophagy in mice. Exp Cell Res 2024; 434:113871. [PMID: 38049080 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Disrupted intestinal barrier homeostasis is fundamental to inflammatory bowel disease. Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) improves inflammation and has beneficial effects in dry-eye diseases, but its effects on the intestinal mucus barrier remain unknown. Therefore, this study evaluated the underlying regulatory mechanisms and effects of Tβ4 by examining Tβ4 expression in a mouse model with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis and colonic barrier damage. Additionally, we intraperitoneally injected C57BL/6 mice with Tβ4 to assess barrier function, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3II) protein expression, and autophagy. Finally, normal human colon tissue and colon carcinoma cells (Caco2) were cultured to verify Tβ4-induced barrier function and autophagy changes. Mucin2 levels decreased, microbial infiltration increased, and Tβ4 expression increased in the colitis mouse model versus the control mice, indicating mucus barrier damage. Moreover, Tβ4-treated C57BL/6 mice had damaged intestinal mucus barriers and decreased LC3II levels. Tβ4 also inhibited colonic mucin2 production, disrupted tight junctions, and downregulated autophagy; these results were confirmed in Caco2 cells and normal human colon tissue. In summary, Tβ4 may be implicated in colitis by compromising the integrity of the intestinal mucus barrier and inhibiting autophagy. Thus, Tβ4 could be a new diagnostic marker for intestinal barrier defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghao Hao
- School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610031, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Ke Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Xiaoqin Bai
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Shiyan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yumei He
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Xiaobin Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Yuanbiao Guo
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Yueshan Sun
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Liping Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610031, China.
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Yang Z, Ma J, Li Z, Wang J, Shi Z. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of Notch signal in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells after acute lung injury. Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 56:e12888. [PMID: 38126616 PMCID: PMC10739178 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focused on the effect and mechanism of Notch signal on pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) following acute lung injury. PMVECs were cultured in vitro and randomly divided into eight groups. Grouping was based on whether cells were co-cultured with T cells (splenic CD4+T cells were isolated using MACS microbeads) and the level of Notch expression: Normal group and Normal+T cells group, Model group and Model+T cells group, Notch low-expression group and Notch low-expression+T cells group, and Notch overexpression group and Notch overexpression+T cells group. Except for the Normal group and Normal+T cells group, all other groups were treated with 500 μL lipopolysaccharide (1 μg/mL). The expression of VE-cadherin and Zo-1 protein in the Model group (with or without T cells) was lower than that in the normal group (with or without T cells), their expression in the Notch low-expression group (with or without T cells) was significantly increased, and their expression in the Notch overexpression group (with or without T cells) was significantly decreased. Compared with the normal+T cells group, the number of Treg cells in the Notch low-expression+T cells group decreased significantly (P<0.01). The number of Th17 cells in the Notch overexpression+T cells group was higher than that in the Model+T cells group (P<0.01), while the number of Treg cells decreased (P<0.01). Our results demonstrated that activated Notch signal can down-regulate the expression of the tight junction proteins VE-Cadherin and Zo-1 in PMVECs and affect Th17/Treg immune imbalance. Autophagy was discovered to be involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jilin Ma
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhanli Shi
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Dong H, Lv X, Gao P, Hao Y. Potential role of irisin in lung diseases and advances in research. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1307651. [PMID: 38143500 PMCID: PMC10746167 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1307651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Irisin, a myokine, is secreted by the movement of skeletal muscles. It plays an important role in metabolic homeostasis, insulin resistance, anti-inflammation, oxidative stress, and bone metabolism. Several studies have reported that irisin-related signaling pathways play a critical role in the treatment of various diseases, including obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. Recently, the potential role of irisin in lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute lung injury, lung cancer, and their associated complications, has received increasing attention. This article aims to explore the role of irisin in lung diseases, primarily focusing on the underlying molecular mechanisms, which may serve as a marker for the diagnosis as well as a potential target for the treatment of lung diseases, thus providing new strategies for their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peng Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuqiu Hao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Wang C, Zou K, Diao Y, Zhou C, Zhou J, Yang Y, Zeng Z. Liensinine alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury by blocking autophagic flux via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115813. [PMID: 37922654 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a major pathological problem characterized by severe inflammatory reactions and is a critical disease with high clinical morbidity and mortality. Liensinine, a major isoquinoline alkaloid, is extracted from the green embryos of mature Nelumbonaceae seeds. It has been reported to have an inhibitory effect on tumors. However, the effects of liensinine on ALI have not been reported to-date. The aim of this study was to explore the inhibitory effects of liensinine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI and its possible mechanism. We found that liensinine significantly reduced LPS-induced ALI and reduced the production of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. In addition, liensinine blocked autophagic flux and increased the number of autophagosomes by upregulating LC3-II/I and p62 protein levels. More importantly, pretreatment with the early stages autophagy inhibitor 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) can reverse the inhibitory effects of liensinine on the secretion of inflammatory factors in ALI. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is involved in LPS-induced autophagy regulated by liensinine in ALI. In summary, this study suggests that liensinine inhibits the production of inflammatory factors in LPS-induced ALI by regulating autophagy via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which may provide a new therapeutic strategy to alleviate ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Medical Center of Anesthesiology and Pain, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, Nanchang 330052, China
| | - Kang Zou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical College, Gannan Medical College, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yunlian Diao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, Nanchang 330052, China
| | - Chaoqi Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Medical Center of Anesthesiology and Pain, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Medical Center of Anesthesiology and Pain, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, Nanchang 330052, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Medical Center of Anesthesiology and Pain, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zhenguo Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Medical Center of Anesthesiology and Pain, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
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Wen XP, Li M, Zhang RQ, Wan QQ. Insulin reverses impaired alveolar fluid clearance in ARDS by inhibiting LPS-induced autophagy and inflammatory. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1162159. [PMID: 37654494 PMCID: PMC10466042 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1162159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Until now, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has been a difficult clinical condition with a high mortality and morbidity rate, and is characterized by a build-up of alveolar fluid and impaired clearance. The underlying mechanism is not yet fully understood and no effective medications available. Autophagy activation is associated with ARDS caused by different pathogenic factors. It represents a new direction of prevention and treatment of ARDS to restrain autophagy to a reasonable level through pharmacological and molecular genetic methods. Na, K-ATPase is the main gradient driver of pulmonary water clearance in ARDS and could be degraded by the autophagy-lysosome pathway to affect its abundance and enzyme activity. As a normal growth hormone in human body, insulin has been widely used in clinical for a long time. To investigate the association of insulin with Na, K-ATPase, autophagy and inflammatory markers in LPS-treated C57BL/6 mice by survival assessment, proteomic analysis, histologic examination, inflammatory cell counting, myeloperoxidase, TNF-α and IL-1β activity analysis etc. This was also verified on mouse alveolar epithelial type II (AT II) and A549 cells by transmission electron microscopy. We found that insulin restored the expression of Na, K-ATPase, inhibited the activation of autophagy and reduced the release of inflammatory factors caused by alveolar epithelial damage. The regulation mechanism of insulin on Na, K-ATPase by inhibiting autophagy function may provide new drug targets for the treatment of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-peng Wen
- Transplantation Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ru-qi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qi-quan Wan
- Transplantation Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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10
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Zhao Y, Wu J, Guan S, Xue T, Wei X, Cao D, Kong P, Zhang X. PIF1 Promotes Autophagy to Inhibit Chronic Hypoxia Induced Apoptosis of Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cells. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2023; 18:1319-1332. [PMID: 37396201 PMCID: PMC10312211 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s406453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is a common complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome worldwide. Pulmonary vascular alterations associated with PAH have multifactorial causes, in which endothelial cells play an important role. Autophagy is closely related to endothelial cell injury and the development of PAH. PIF1 is a multifunctional helicase crucial for cell survival. The present study investigated the effect of PIF1 on autophagy and apoptosis in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) under chronic hypoxia stress. Methods Chronic hypoxia Gene expression profiling chip-assays identified the PIF1 gene as differentially expressed, which was verified by RT-qPCR analysis. Electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting were used to analyze autophagy and the expression of LC3 and P62. Apoptosis was analyzed using flow cytometry. Results Our study found that chronic hypoxia induces autophagy in HPAECs, and apoptosis was exacerbated by inhibiting autophagy. Levels of the DNA helicase PIF1 were increased in HPAECs after chronic hypoxia. PIF1 knockdown inhibited autophagy and promoted the apoptosis of HPAECs under chronic hypoxia stress. Conclusion Based on these findings, we conclude that PIF1 inhibits the apoptosis of HPAECs by accelerating the autophagy pathway. Therefore, PIF1 plays a crucial role in HPAEC dysfunction in chronic hypoxia-induced PAH and may be a potential target for the treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Zhao
- Department of the First Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Wu
- Department of NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Guan
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, The First People’s Hospital of Datong, Datong, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Xue
- Department of NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Wei
- Department of the First Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dawei Cao
- Department of NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengzhou Kong
- Department of Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinri Zhang
- Department of NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Xiao J, Shen X, Kou R, Wang K, Zhai L, Ding L, Chen H, Mao C. Kirenol inhibits inflammation challenged by lipopolysaccharide through the AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 autophagy pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109734. [PMID: 36706589 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Kirenol is a bioactive substance isolated from Herba Siegesbeckiae. Although the anti-inflammatory activity of kirenol has been well documented, its role in autophagy remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the protective role of kirenol on inflammation challenged by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in acute lung injury (ALI) cell and mouse models and unravel the underlying mechanisms, with a particular focus on autophagy. For this purpose, an ALI cell and mouse models were established, and the effects of kirenol on the expression of molecules related to inflammation and autophagy were examined. The present results revealed that kirenol could significantly inhibit inflammatory cytokines secretion in cells and in the mice injured by LPS; this effect may be attributed to enhanced autophagy as evidenced by the up-regulation of LC3-II and the down-regulation of p62 both in vitro and in vivo. Phosphorylated AMPK and ULK1 increased, while phosphorylated mTOR decreased in the kirenol-treated ALI cell model. Moreover, inhibition of autophagy using AMPK inhibitor or 3-MA or chloroquine (CQ) reversed the anti-inflammatory and autophagy-enhancement effects of kirenol exposure in vitro, indicating that kirenol could enhance autophagy by activating the AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 pathway. The results of RNA sequencing suggested that kirenol was strongly related to the biological functions of acute inflammatory response and the AMPK signaling pathway. Further in vivo ALI mouse model studies demonstrated the protective role of kirenol against lung inflammation, such as improved histopathology, decreased lung edema, and leukocyte infiltration were abolished by 3-MA. These findings implicate that kirenol can inhibit LPS-induced inflammation via the AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xiao
- Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441000, China; Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China
| | - Xiaofang Shen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441000, China; Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China
| | - Ruiming Kou
- Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441000, China; Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441000, China; Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China
| | - Lihong Zhai
- Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441000, China; Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China
| | - Lu Ding
- Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441000, China; Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China
| | - Huabo Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441000, China; Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China.
| | - Chun Mao
- Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441000, China; Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China.
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12
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Wang C, Yang Y, Zhou C, Mei X, Liu J, Luo K, Zhou J, Qin C, Zeng Z. WWOX activates autophagy to alleviate lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by regulating mTOR. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109671. [PMID: 36621327 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by acute systemic inflammatory responses that may lead to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The clinical course of ALI/ARDS is variable; however, it has been reported that lipopolysaccharides (LPS) play a role in its development. The fragile chromosomal site gene WWOX is highly sensitive to genotoxic stress induced by environmental exposure and is an important candidate gene for exposure-related lung disease research. However, the expression of WWOX and its role in LPS-induced ALI still remain unidentified. This study investigated the expression of WWOX in mouse lung and epithelial cells and explored the role of WWOX in LPS-induced ALI model in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we explored one of the possible mechanisms by which WWOX alleviates ALI from the perspective of autophagy. Here, we observed that LPS stimulation reduced the expression of WWOX and the autophagy marker microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3β-II (MAP1LC3B/LC3B) in mouse lung epithelial and human epithelial (H292) cells. Overexpression of WWOX led to the activation of autophagy and inhibited inflammatory responses in LPS-induced ALI cells and mouse model. More importantly, we found that WWOX interacts with mechanistic target of rapamycin [serine/threonine kinase] (mTOR) and regulates mTOR and ULK-1 signaling-mediated autophagy. Thus, reduced WWOX levels were associated with LPS-induced ALI. WWOX can activate autophagy in lung epithelial cells and protect against LPS-induced ALI, which is partly related to the mTOR-ULK1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Medical Center of Anesthesiology and Pain, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, Nanchang 330052, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Medical Center of Anesthesiology and Pain, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Chaoqi Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Medical Center of Anesthesiology and Pain, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xianghuang Mei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Medical Center of Anesthesiology and Pain, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, Nanchang 330052, China
| | - Kaihang Luo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Medical Center of Anesthesiology and Pain, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, Nanchang 330052, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Medical Center of Anesthesiology and Pain, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, Nanchang 330052, China
| | - Cheng Qin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Medical Center of Anesthesiology and Pain, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zhenguo Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Medical Center of Anesthesiology and Pain, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
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13
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TM9SF1 knockdown decreases inflammation by enhancing autophagy in a mouse model of acute lung injury. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12092. [PMID: 36561687 PMCID: PMC9763745 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TM9SF1 is a member of the TM9SF (Transmembrane 9 Superfamily Member) family, which usually has a long N-terminal extracellular region and nine transmembrane domains. TM9SF1's biological function and mechanisms in inflammation are yet unknown. Tm9sf1 was shown to be upregulated in the lung tissues of mice suffering from LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Tm9sf1 knockout mice were studied, and it was shown that Tm9sf1 knockout significantly alleviated LPS-induced ALI, as evidenced by higher survival rate, improved pulmonary vascular permeability, decreased inflammatory cell infiltration, and downregulated inflammatory cytokines. TM9SF1 was also demonstrated to be a negative regulator of autophagy in the LPS-induced ALI model in vitro and in vivo. The autophagy inhibitor 3-MA could counteract the beneficial effects of Tm9sf1 knockout on ALI. Therefore, we discover for the first time the role and mechanism of TM9SF1 in LPS-induced ALI and establish a relationship between TM9SF1 regulated autophagy and ALI progression, which may provide novel targets for the treatment of ALI.
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14
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Wang C, Mei X, Wu Y, Yang Y, Zeng Z. Cinobufagin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by regulating autophagy through activation of the p53/mTOR pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:994625. [PMID: 36518680 PMCID: PMC9742439 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.994625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe clinical disorder characterized by dysregulated inflammatory responses, leading to high rates of morbidity and mortality. Cinobufagin, a primary component isolated from cinobufotalin, exerts strong anticancer effects. However, there are few reports on its role in ALI, and it is unclear whether cinobufagin affects lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of cinobufagin on LPS-induced ALI and to assess its potential mechanism of action. The results showed that cinobufagin alleviated lung histopathological changes and protected the permeability of lung tissues in LPS-induced ALI. In addition, cinobufagin effectively suppressed inflammatory responses through the induction of autophagy in LPS-induced ALI cells and in a mouse model. Moreover, cinobufagin enhanced autophagy through the p53/mTOR pathway in LPS-induced ALI. Herein, it was reported for the first time that cinobufagin inhibited the inflammatory response of LPS-induced ALI, which laid the foundation for further understanding and development of cinobufagin as a potential new drug for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Medical Center of Anesthesiology and Pain, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Xianghuang Mei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Yanrong Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Medical Center of Anesthesiology and Pain, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhenguo Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Medical Center of Anesthesiology and Pain, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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15
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Liang J, Liu J, Tang Y, Peng Q, Zhang L, Ma X, Xu N, Wei J, Han H. Sophoridine inhibits endotoxin‐induced acute lung injury by enhancing autophagy of macrophage and reducing inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:115-125. [PMID: 35603481 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ma0322-428r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Liang
- Infectious disease department,HuaShan Hospital FuDan University Shanghai China
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology,School of Basic Medical Sciences Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan750004 China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pathogenic Biology General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China
| | - Juntong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology,School of Basic Medical Sciences Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan750004 China
| | - Yezhen Tang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology,School of Basic Medical Sciences Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan750004 China
| | - Qian Peng
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology,School of Basic Medical Sciences Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan750004 China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology,School of Basic Medical Sciences Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan750004 China
| | - Xiaoxia Ma
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology,School of Basic Medical Sciences Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan750004 China
| | - Nan Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology,School of Basic Medical Sciences Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan750004 China
| | - Jun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pathogenic Biology General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China
| | - Huaiqin Han
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology,School of Basic Medical Sciences Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan750004 China
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16
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Zhou Q, Li D, Zhang S, Wang S, Hu X. Quantum dots bind nanosheet to promote nanomaterial stability and resist endotoxin-induced fibrosis and PM 2.5-induced pneumonia. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 234:113420. [PMID: 35298970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a harmful substance commonly found in various environments that causes lung fibrosis. Exposure to PM2.5 also increases the risk of respiratory diseases. Through sulfur-carbon bonds and the edge S effect, GOQDs were used to bind in single-layer molybdenum disulfide (SLMoS2) nanosheets to synthesize SLMoS2@GOQDs heterojunction structures. GOQDs doping greatly increased the water solubility and stabilized of SLMoS2. SLMoS2@GOQDs with catalase-like activity protected cells from ultrastructural and cytomembrane damage and apoptosis induced by LPS. Moreover, the doping of GOQDs enhanced the escape of SLMoS2@GOQDs from cellular uptake and suppressed the release of Mo ions. Nanosheet-cell interface interactions that were regulated by quantum dots supported these positive effects. Immunofluorescence analysis and cell imaging confirmed that the nanomaterial protected against cell injury by regulating the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway and the secretion of relevant cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Moreover, SLMoS2@GOQDs also mitigated pneumonia caused by PM2.5 in vivo. Collectively, our findings not only provide a simple and effective approach to control lung diseases (caused by LPS or PM2.5), but also reveal the potential value of heterojunction materials in the fields of toxicology and human health, boosting the application of nanotechnology in the fields of ecotoxicology and environmental safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Dandan Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Suyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Simin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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17
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Cao J, Liu M, Feng S, Li Y, Zheng K. Glaucocalyxin A alleviates lipopolysaccharide‑induced inflammation and apoptosis in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells and permeability injury by inhibiting STAT3 signaling. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:313. [PMID: 35369532 PMCID: PMC8943557 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucocalyxin A (GLA), an ent-kauranoid diterpene derived from Rabdosia japonica var. glaucocalyx, possesses antibacterial, anti-oxidative and anti-neuroinflammatory properties. The present study aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms underlying GLA in the pathogenesis of pneumonia. Human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (hPMVECs) treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were treated with GLA, followed by the detection of cell viability, inflammation, apoptosis and cell permeability. Furthermore, the protein expression levels of apoptosis- and permeability-associated proteins were determined using western blot analysis. Following treatment with a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activator, the protein expression levels of STAT3 and endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated proteins were determined, to confirm whether STAT3 signaling was mediated by GLA. Lastly, the mRNA expression level of inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis and permeability injury were also determined following treatment with a STAT3 activator. The results revealed that GLA ameliorated inflammation, apoptosis and permeability injury in LPS-induced hPMVECs. Following treatment with a STAT3 activator, the therapeutic effects of GLA on LPS-induced hPMVECs were abrogated. In conclusion, GLA alleviated LPS-induced inflammation, apoptosis and permeability injury in hPMVECs by inhibiting STAT3 signaling, which highlighted the potential therapeutic value of GLA in the treatment of pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Cao
- Pediatrics Department, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528403, P.R. China
| | - Meiling Liu
- Pediatrics Department, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528403, P.R. China
| | - Shufang Feng
- Pediatrics Department, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528403, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Li
- Pediatrics Department, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528403, P.R. China
| | - Kaijun Zheng
- Pediatrics Department, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528403, P.R. China
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Poldip2/Nox4 Mediates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Human Lung Epithelial Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:6666022. [PMID: 35140544 PMCID: PMC8818432 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6666022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) is an important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and its expression is increased in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated lung epithelial cells. Polymerase δ-interacting protein 2 (Poldip2) has been proved to bind Nox4 and participates in oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the role of Poldip2/Nox4 in LPS-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in lung epithelial cells remains unclear. Cell viability was measured via MTT assays. The expression of Poldip2, Nox4, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), AKT, and p-AKT was detected by Western blotting and/or immunofluorescence. Poldip2 and Nox4 interaction was analyzed via coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay. NADPH enzymatic activity and production of ROS, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were assessed simultaneously. The small interfering RNA (siRNA) or plasmid targeting Nox4 was used to downregulate or upregulate Nox4, and the lentiviral vector encoding Poldip2 was used to downregulate or upregulate Poldip2. The present study demonstrated that LPS stimulation significantly increased the protein levels of Poldip2 and Nox4 and proved that Poldip2 interacted with Nox4 proved by Co-IP. Importantly, Poldip2 acted as an upstream regulator of Nox4. The increased expression of Nox4 and COX-2; NADPH enzymatic activity; production of ROS, PGE2, TNF-α, and IL-1β; and decreased HO-1 expression were significantly suppressed by lentiviral Poldip2 shRNA downregulation but were increased by lentiviral upregulation of Poldip2. Furthermore, inhibiting of PI3K-AKT signaling notably attenuated LPS-induced Poldip2/Nox4 activation. Our study demonstrated that Poldip2 mediates LPS-induced oxidative stress and inflammation via interaction with Nox4 and was regulated by the PI3K-AKT signaling. Targeting Poldip2 could be a beneficial therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ALI.
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Wang GC, Huang TR, Wang KY, Wu ZL, Xie JB, Zhang HL, Yin L, Tang WL, Peng B. Inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide advanced androgen receptor expression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition progress in prostatitis and prostate cancer. Transl Androl Urol 2022; 10:4275-4287. [PMID: 34984192 PMCID: PMC8661260 DOI: 10.21037/tau-21-964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To explore the mechanism of prostatic inflammation on prostate cancer (PCa) by comparing the changes of prostate epithelial cells and PCa cells in an inflammatory environment. Methods First, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to compare the level of expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TGF-β between benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostatitis, and PCa. Then primary prostate epithelial cells were sampled from patients who were suspected of PCa and had histological prostatitis (HP) confirmed by pathological biopsy. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or BAY11-7082 were used to investigate the change of androgen receptor (AR) and AR-mediated transcription, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in primary prostate epithelial cells, and lymph node carcinoma of the prostate (LNCap) cells. Results TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TGF-β were significantly increased in HP and PCa compared with those in BPH patients. The proliferation of primary prostate epithelial cells and LNCap cells got the inflection point at LPS 10 µg/mL. In an inflammatory environment with 10 µg/mL LPS, both primary prostate epithelial cell and LNCap cell viability increased, and AR, AR-mediated transcription, and EMT processes were significantly increased. Inhibitors of NF-κB with 10 nM BAY11-7082 decreased AR, AR-mediated transcription, and EMT processes. Conclusions NF-κB regulates AR expression and EMT in prostatitis and PCa, and NF-κB inhibitors may have potential therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Chun Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Run Huang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Urology, Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke-Yi Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zong-Lin Wu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Bo Xie
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hou-Liang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Long Tang
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Lincang, Lincang, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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20
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Zhang S, Tang C, Wang X. Octreotide activates autophagy to alleviate lipopolysaccharide-induced human pulmonary epithelial cell injury by inhibiting the protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Bioengineered 2021; 13:217-226. [PMID: 34898367 PMCID: PMC8805934 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2012908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Octreotide is a synthetic octapeptide of natural somatostatin. We aimed to investigate the influence of Octreotide on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human pulmonary epithelial cell damage. After stimulated by LPS, BEAS-2B cells were treated with various concentrations of Octreotide. CCK-8 assay and LDH kits were to evaluate cell cytotoxicity. ELISA kits were to analyze the levels of inflammatory factors. TUNEL staining was to measure cell apoptosis. Western blot assay was used to assess the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, autophagy-related proteins and AKT/mTOR signaling-related proteins. Then, 3-methyladenine (3-MA) was adopted for treating BEAS-2B cells to determine its effects on inflammation and apoptosis. Afterward, adding AKT agonist (SC79) or mTOR antagonist (rapamycin) to explore the impact of Octreotide on autophagy. Results revealed that Octreotide notably enhanced cell viability and reduced LDH activity. The levels of inflammatory factors were significantly decreased following Octreotide treatment. Additionally, Octreotide attenuated the apoptotic capacity of LPS-induced BEAS-2B cells, led to the up-regulation of Bcl-2 protein level while cut down the protein levels of Bax and cleaved caspase3. Remarkably, the expression of autophagy-related protein LC3II/I and Beclin1 was elevated after Octreotide administration. Importantly, the suppressive effects of Octreotide on the inflammation and apoptosis of LPS-induced BEAS-2B cells was abrogated by 3-MA. Further experiments suggested that Octreotide downregulated p-AKT and mTOR expression in LPS-stimulated BEAS-2B cells. SC79 addition inhibited autophagy, evidenced by downregulated LC3II/I and Beclin1 expression while rapamycin presented the opposite effects. To conclude, Octreotide activates autophagy to alleviate LPS-induced pulmonary epithelial cell injury by inhibiting the AKT/mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumian Zhang
- Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cijun Tang
- Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuebin Wang
- Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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21
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Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Altered Autophagy in Acute Lung Injury and Construction of Underlying Competing Endogenous RNA Regulatory Mechanism. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6831770. [PMID: 34722769 PMCID: PMC8553468 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6831770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Acute lung injury (ALI) is a fatal syndrome frequently induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) released from the bacterial cell wall. LPS could also trigger autophagy of lung bronchial epithelial cell to relieve the inflammation, while the overwhelming LPS would impair the balance of autophagy consequently inducing serious lung injury. Methods We observed the autophagy variation of 16HBE, human bronchial epithelial cell, under exposure to different concentrations of LPS through western blot, immunofluorescence staining, and electron microscopy. Eight strands of 16HBE were divided into two groups upon 1000 ng/ml LPS stimulation or not, which were sent to be sequenced at whole transcriptome. Subsequently, we analyzed the sequencing data in functional enrichment, pathway analysis, and candidate gene selection and constructed a hsa-miR-663b-related competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. Results We set a series of concentrations of LPS to stimulate 16HBE and observed the variation of autophagy in related protein expression and autophagosome count. We found that the effective concentration of LPS was 1000 ng/ml at 12 hours of exposure and sequenced the 1000 ng/ml LPS-stimulated 16HBE. As a result, a total of 750 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 449 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs), 76 differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs), and 127 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were identified. We constructed the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network to visualize the interaction between DEGs and located 36 genes to comprehend the core discrepancy between LPS-stimulated 16HBE and the negative control group. In combined analysis of differentially expressed RNAs (DERNAs), we analyzed all the targeted relationships of ceRNA in DERNAs and figured hsa-miR-663b as a central mediator in the ceRNA network to play when LPS induced the variation of autophagy in 16HBE. Conclusion Our research indicated that the hsa-miR-663b-related ceRNA network may contribute to the key regulatory mechanism in LPS-induced changes of autophagy and ALI.
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22
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Pan P, Chen J, Liu X, Fan J, Zhang D, Zhao W, Xie L, Su L. FUNDC1 Regulates Autophagy by Inhibiting ROS-NLRP3 Signaling to Avoid Apoptosis in the Lung in a Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mouse Model. Shock 2021; 56:773-781. [PMID: 34238903 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The incidence and mortality of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are high, but the relevant mechanism for this disorder remains unclear. Autophagy plays an important role in the development of ARDS. The mitochondrial outer membrane protein FUNDC1 is involved in hypoxia-mediated mitochondrial autophagy, which may contribute to ARDS development. This study explored whether FUNDC1 regulates autophagy by inhibiting ROS-NLRP3 signaling to avoid apoptosis in the lung in a lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse model. In this study, FUNDC1 knockout mice were constructed, and a lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse model was generated. HE staining of pathological sections from the lung, wet/dry lung measurements, myeloperoxidase concentration/neutrophil counts in BALF and survival time of mice were examined to determine the effect of modeling. The release of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10) in response to LPS in the BALF and plasma was assessed using ELISA. The effects of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) in lung tissue in response to LPS were detected by biochemical analysis. Oxidative stress damage was validated by iNOS staining, and apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL staining after LPS. Finally, the expression of autophagy-associated proteins and inflammasome-associated proteins in lung tissue after LPS intervention was analyzed by western blot. We found that wild-type control, FUNDC1 knockout control, lipopolysaccharide-induced wild-type, and FUNDC1 knockout mouse models were used to investigate whether FUNDC1-mediated autophagy is involved in lung injury and its possible molecular mechanisms. Compared with the normal control group, lung tissue FUNDC1 and LC3 II increased and p62/SQSTM1 decreased after LPS intervention, and increased ROS levels led to a decrease in corresponding antioxidant enzymes along with an increased inflammatory response and apoptosis. Levels of autophagy in lipopolysaccharide-induced mice deficient in FUNDC1 were significantly decreased, but the expression of ROS and inflammatory factors in lung tissue was more severe than in lipopolysaccharide-induced wild-type mice, and the survival rate was significantly decreased. Western blot analysis showed that autophagy was significantly inhibited in the FUNDC1 KO+LPS group, and there was a significant increase in NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, and ASC compared with the lipopolysaccharide-induced wild-type group. In summary, lipopolysaccharide-induced wild-type mice exhibit ROS-dependent activation of autophagy, and knocking out FUNDC1 promotes inflammasome activation and exacerbates lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Pan
- College of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xudong Liu
- Medical Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junping Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Medical Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiguo Zhao
- College of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Xie
- College of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Longxiang Su
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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23
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Abstract
Sepsis is a host immune disorder induced by infection. It can lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), which has high morbidity and mortality. There has been great progress in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of sepsis, such as improvements in pathogen detection technology, innovations regarding anti-infection drugs, and the development of organ function support. Abnormal immune responses triggered by pathogens, ranging from excessive inflammation to immunosuppression, are recognized to be an important cause of the high mortality rate. However, no drugs have been approved specifically for treating sepsis. Here, we review the recent research progress on immune responses in sepsis to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of sepsis. Constructing and optimizing a dynamic immune system treatment regimen based on anti-infection treatment, fluid replacement, organ function support, and timely use of immunomodulatory interventions may improve the prognosis of sepsis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of, USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Haiming Wei
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of, USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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24
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Yao L, Tang Y, Chen J, Li J, Wang H, Lu M, Gao L, Liu F, Chang P, Liu X, Tang H. Impaired airway epithelial barrier integrity was mediated by PI3Kδ in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 95:107570. [PMID: 33773208 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cell-cell junctions are critical for the maintenance of cellular as well as tissue polarity and integrity. Dysfunction of airway epithelial barrier has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI). Yet the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase delta (PI3Kδ) in dysregulation of airway epithelial barrier integrity in ALI has not been addressed. Mice were subjected to intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to generate a ALI model. Two pharmacological inhibitors of PI3Kδ, IC87114 and AMG319, were respectively given to the mice. Expression of p110δ and its downstream substrate phospho-AKT (Ser473) was increased in LPS-exposed lungs. These increases were inhibited by IC87114 or AMG319. LPS led to pronounced lung injury that was accompanied by significant airway neutrophil recruitment and bronchial epithelial morphological alterations 72 h after exposure. We also found compromised expression of adherens junction protein E-cadherin and tight junction protein claudin-2 in the airway epithelial cells. Treatment with either IC87114 or AMG319 not only attenuated LPS-induced edema, lung injury and neutrophilc inflammation, reduced total protein concentration and IL-6, TNF-α secretion in BALF, but also restored epithelial E-cadherin and claudin-2 expression. In summary, our results showed that LPS can induce a delayed effect on airway epithelial barrier integrity that is mediated by PI3Kδ in a mouse model of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Chang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingxing Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Haixiong Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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25
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Ma X, Li Y, Shen W, Oladejo AO, Yang J, Jiang W, Imam BH, Wu X, Ding X, Yang Y, Wang S, Yan Z. LPS Mediates Bovine Endometrial Epithelial Cell Pyroptosis Directly Through Both NLRP3 Classical and Non-Classical Inflammasome Pathways. Front Immunol 2021; 12:676088. [PMID: 34122438 PMCID: PMC8195237 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.676088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As a highly inflammatory form of programmed cell death, pyroptosis is triggered by pro-inflammatory signals and associated with inflammation. It is characterized by cell swelling and large bubbles emerging from the plasma membrane, which release cytokines during inflammation. Compared with other types of cell death, pyroptosis has a distinct morphology and mechanism and involves special inflammasome cascade pathways. However, the inflammasome mechanism through which endometrial epithelial cell pyroptosis occurs in LPS-mediated inflammation remains unclear. We confirmed that there was an increased mRNA and protein expression of the IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-18 cytokines, the inflammasome molecules NLRP3, CASPASE-1, CASPASE-4, and GSDMD in LPS-induced primary bovine endometrial epithelial cells (BEECs) in an in vitro established inflammatory model using ELISA, real-time PCR (RT-PCR), vector construction and transfection, and Western blotting. Scanning electron microscopy and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity assays revealed induced cell membrane rupture, which is the main characteristic of pyroptosis. In conclusion, the cytolytic substrate GSDMD’s cleavage by caspase-1 or caspase-4 through the NLRP3 classical and non-classical inflammasome pathways, GSDMD N-terminus bind to the plasma membrane to form pores and release IL -18, IL-1β cause cell death during LPS induced BEECs inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yajuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenxiang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ayodele Olaolu Oladejo
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Animal Health Technology, Oyo State College of Agriculture and Technology, Igboora, Nigeria
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bereket Habte Imam
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuezhi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shengyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zuoting Yan
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
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26
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Li Y, Suo L, Fu Z, Li G, Zhang J. Pivotal role of endothelial cell autophagy in sepsis. Life Sci 2021; 276:119413. [PMID: 33794256 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a fatal organ dysfunction resulting from a disordered host response to infection. Endothelial cells (ECs) are usually the primary targets of inflammatory mediators in sepsis; damage to ECs plays a pivotal part in vital organ failure. In recent studies, autophagy was suggested to play a critical role in the ECs injury although the mechanisms by which ECs are injured in sepsis are not well elucidated. Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process that includes sequestrating plasma contents and transporting cargo to lysosomes for recycling the vital substrates required for metabolism. This pathway also counteracts microbial invasion to balance and retain homeostasis, especially during sepsis. Increasing evidence indicates that autophagy is closely associated with endothelial function. The role of autophagy in sepsis may or may not be favorable depending upon conditions. In the present review, the current knowledge of autophagy in the process of sepsis and its influence on ECs was evaluated. In addition, the potential of targeting EC autophagy for clinical treatment of sepsis was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Liangyuan Suo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Shengyang, Liaoning 110042, PR China
| | - Zhiling Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, PR China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China.
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27
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He YQ, Zhou CC, Yu LY, Wang L, Deng JL, Tao YL, Zhang F, Chen WS. Natural product derived phytochemicals in managing acute lung injury by multiple mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2021; 163:105224. [PMID: 33007416 PMCID: PMC7522693 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and its more severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as common life-threatening lung diseases with high mortality rates are mostly associated with acute and severe inflammation in lungs. With increasing in-depth studies of ALI/ARDS, significant breakthroughs have been made, however, there are still no effective pharmacological therapies for treatment of ALI/ARDS. Especially, the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is ravaging the globe, and causes severe respiratory distress syndrome. Therefore, developing new drugs for therapy of ALI/ARDS is in great demand, which might also be helpful for treatment of COVID-19. Natural compounds have always inspired drug development, and numerous natural products have shown potential therapeutic effects on ALI/ARDS. Therefore, this review focuses on the potential therapeutic effects of natural compounds on ALI and the underlying mechanisms. Overall, the review discusses 159 compounds and summarizes more than 400 references to present the protective effects of natural compounds against ALI and the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qiong He
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Can-Can Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Lu-Yao Yu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiu-Ling Deng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu-Long Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Wan-Sheng Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
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28
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Santaterra VAG, Fiusa MML, Hounkpe BW, Chenou F, Tonasse WV, da Costa LNG, Garcia-Weber D, Domingos IDF, de Lima F, Borba-Junior IT, Araújo ADS, Lucena-Araújo AR, Bezerra MAC, Dos Santos MNN, Costa FF, Millán J, De Paula EV. Endothelial Barrier Integrity Is Disrupted In Vitro by Heme and by Serum From Sickle Cell Disease Patients. Front Immunol 2020; 11:535147. [PMID: 33381108 PMCID: PMC7767881 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.535147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Free extracellular heme has been shown to activate several compartments of innate immunity, acting as a danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) in hemolytic diseases. Although localized endothelial barrier (EB) disruption is an important part of inflammation that allows circulating leukocytes to reach inflamed tissues, non-localized/deregulated disruption of the EB can lead to widespread microvascular hyperpermeability and secondary tissue damage. In mouse models of sickle cell disease (SCD), EB disruption has been associated with the development of a form of acute lung injury that closely resembles acute chest syndrome (ACS), and that can be elicited by acute heme infusion. Here we explored the effect of heme on EB integrity using human endothelial cell monolayers, in experimental conditions that include elements that more closely resemble in vivo conditions. EB integrity was assessed by electric cell-substrate impedance sensing in the presence of varying concentrations of heme and sera from SCD patients or healthy volunteers. Heme caused a dose-dependent decrease of the electrical resistance of cell monolayers, consistent with EB disruption, which was confirmed by staining of junction protein VE-cadherin. In addition, sera from SCD patients, but not from healthy volunteers, were also capable to induce EB disruption. Interestingly, these effects were not associated with total heme levels in serum. However, when heme was added to sera from SCD patients, but not from healthy volunteers, EB disruption could be elicited, and this effect was associated with hemopexin serum levels. Together our in vitro studies provide additional support to the concept of heme as a DAMP in hemolytic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francine Chenou
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Loredana Nilkenes Gomes da Costa
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Department of Biomedicine, Federal University of Piaui, Parnaiba, Brazil
| | - Diego Garcia-Weber
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Igor de Farias Domingos
- Genetics Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Franciele de Lima
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Aderson da Silva Araújo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Hemotherapy Foundation of Pernambuco (HEMOPE), Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Fernando Ferreira Costa
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jaime Millán
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Erich Vinicius De Paula
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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29
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RAC1 nitration at Y 32 IS involved in the endothelial barrier disruption associated with lipopolysaccharide-mediated acute lung injury. Redox Biol 2020; 38:101794. [PMID: 33248422 PMCID: PMC7664366 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI), a devastating illness induced by systemic inflammation e.g., sepsis or local lung inflammation e.g., COVID-19 mediated severe pneumonia, has an unacceptably high mortality and has no effective therapy. ALI is associated with increased pulmonary microvascular hyperpermeability and alveolar flooding. The small Rho GTPases, RhoA and Rac1 are central regulators of vascular permeability through cytoskeleton rearrangements. RhoA and Rac1 have opposing functional outcome: RhoA induces an endothelial contractile phenotype and barrier disruption, while Rac1 stabilizes endothelial junctions and increases barrier integrity. In ALI, RhoA activity is increased while Rac1 activity is reduced. We have shown that the activation of RhoA in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated ALI, is dependent, at least in part, on a single nitration event at tyrosine (Y)34. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine if the inhibition of Rac1 is also dependent on its nitration. Our data show that Rac1 inhibition by LPS is associated with its nitration that mass spectrometry identified as Y32, within the switch I region adjacent to the nucleotide-binding site. Using a molecular modeling approach, we designed a nitration shielding peptide for Rac1, designated NipR2 (nitration inhibitor peptide for the Rho GTPases 2), which attenuated the LPS-induced nitration of Rac1 at Y32, preserves Rac1 activity and attenuates the LPS-mediated disruption of the endothelial barrier in human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVEC). Using a murine model of ALI induced by intratracheal installation of LPS we found that NipR2 successfully prevented Rac1 nitration and Rac1 inhibition, and more importantly attenuated pulmonary inflammation, reduced lung injury and prevented the loss of lung function. Together, our data identify a new post-translational mechanism of Rac1 inhibition through its nitration at Y32. As NipR2 also reduces sepsis induced ALI in the mouse lung, we conclude that Rac1 nitration is a therapeutic target in ALI. Endotoxin exposure induces site specific nitration of Rac1 at Y32 via peroxynitrite stress. Rac1 nitration at Y32 leads to persistent Rac GTPase inhibition and endothelial barrier disruption. Novel Rac1 nitration shielding peptide, NipR2 blocks Rac1 nitration and rescues endotoxin induced lung inflammation. NipR2 is potentially an effective therapy for sepsis induced lung injury by targeting Rac1 Y32 nitration.
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30
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Guo L, Wu X, Zhao S, Zhang X, Qian G, Li S. Autophagy inhibition protects from alveolar barrier dysfunction in LPS-induced ALI mice by targeting alveolar epithelial cells. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2020; 283:103532. [PMID: 32950660 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether autophagy is enhanced in alveolar epithelial cells as well as its role in alveolar barrier function of in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Autophagy inhibitors, including 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and chloroquine (CLQ), and LPS were intraperitoneally administered to mice. Histological evaluation and confocal microscopy, Western blot, transmission electron microscopy, and ELISA were performed for analysis. First, the mouse model of ALI was established. Then, autophagy level changes in the mouse lung as well as the effects of autophagy inhibition on indirect ALI and alveolar epithelial barrier function induced by LPS were assessed. Finally, pro-inflammatory factors in BALF from ALI mice after autophagy inhibition by 3-MA or CLQ administration were detected. RESULTS The experimental animal model of LPS-induced ALI had the expected features. In addition, autophagy in alveolar epithelial cells in ALI mice was enhanced. Furthermore, autophagy in alveolar epithelial cells promoted alveolar epithelial barrier dysfunction in LPS-induced ALI. Finally, autophagy inhibition resulted in reduced LPS-induced lung tissue inflammation. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that autophagy inhibition protects from alveolar barrier dysfunction in LPS-induced ALI mice by targeting alveolar epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Guo
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, (Xinqiao Hospital) The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Xueling Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Shengtao Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of of PLA, Kunming, 652230, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of of PLA, Kunming, 652230, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Guisheng Qian
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, (Xinqiao Hospital) The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Shaoying Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of of PLA, Kunming, 652230, Yunnan Province, China.
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Ornatowski W, Lu Q, Yegambaram M, Garcia AE, Zemskov EA, Maltepe E, Fineman JR, Wang T, Black SM. Complex interplay between autophagy and oxidative stress in the development of pulmonary disease. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101679. [PMID: 32818797 PMCID: PMC7451718 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The autophagic pathway involves the encapsulation of substrates in double-membraned vesicles, which are subsequently delivered to the lysosome for enzymatic degradation and recycling of metabolic precursors. Autophagy is a major cellular defense against oxidative stress, or related conditions that cause accumulation of damaged proteins or organelles. Selective forms of autophagy can maintain organelle populations or remove aggregated proteins. Dysregulation of redox homeostasis under pathological conditions results in excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress and the associated oxidative damage of cellular components. Accumulating evidence indicates that autophagy is necessary to maintain redox homeostasis. ROS activates autophagy, which facilitates cellular adaptation and diminishes oxidative damage by degrading and recycling intracellular damaged macromolecules and dysfunctional organelles. The cellular responses triggered by oxidative stress include the altered regulation of signaling pathways that culminate in the regulation of autophagy. Current research suggests a central role for autophagy as a mammalian oxidative stress response and its interrelationship to other stress defense systems. Altered autophagy phenotypes have been observed in lung diseases such as chronic obstructive lung disease, acute lung injury, cystic fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and pulmonary arterial hypertension, and asthma. Understanding the mechanisms by which ROS regulate autophagy will provide novel therapeutic targets for lung diseases. This review highlights our current understanding on the interplay between ROS and autophagy in the development of pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Ornatowski
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Alejandro E Garcia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Evgeny A Zemskov
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Emin Maltepe
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Stephen M Black
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Pehote G, Vij N. Autophagy Augmentation to Alleviate Immune Response Dysfunction, and Resolve Respiratory and COVID-19 Exacerbations. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091952. [PMID: 32847034 PMCID: PMC7565665 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The preservation of cellular homeostasis requires the synthesis of new proteins (proteostasis) and organelles, and the effective removal of misfolded or impaired proteins and cellular debris. This cellular homeostasis involves two key proteostasis mechanisms, the ubiquitin proteasome system and the autophagy–lysosome pathway. These catabolic pathways have been known to be involved in respiratory exacerbations and the pathogenesis of various lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), acute lung injury (ALI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Briefly, proteostasis and autophagy processes are known to decline over time with age, cigarette or biomass smoke exposure, and/or influenced by underlying genetic factors, resulting in the accumulation of misfolded proteins and cellular debris, elevating apoptosis and cellular senescence, and initiating the pathogenesis of acute or chronic lung disease. Moreover, autophagic dysfunction results in an impaired microbial clearance, post-bacterial and/or viral infection(s) which contribute to the initiation of acute and recurrent respiratory exacerbations as well as the progression of chronic obstructive and restrictive lung diseases. In addition, the autophagic dysfunction-mediated cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) immune response impairment further exacerbates the lung disease. Recent studies demonstrate the therapeutic potential of novel autophagy augmentation strategies, in alleviating the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive or restrictive lung diseases and exacerbations such as those commonly seen in COPD, CF, ALI/ARDS and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett Pehote
- Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA;
| | - Neeraj Vij
- Department of Pediatrics and Pulmonary Medicine, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- PRECISION THERANOSTICS INC, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
- VIJ BIOTECH, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +1-240-623-0757
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Ma H, Su L, He X, Miao J. Loss of HMBOX1 promotes LPS-induced apoptosis and inhibits LPS-induced autophagy of vascular endothelial cells in mouse. Apoptosis 2020; 24:946-957. [PMID: 31583496 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-019-01572-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study revealed that Homeobox containing 1 (HMBOX1), essential for the survival of vascular endothelial cells (VECs), was involved in the progression of atherosclerosis. Knockdown of HMBOX1 promoted apoptosis and inhibited autophagy through regulating intracellular free zinc level in cultured VECs. In current study, in order to investigate the roles of HMBOX1 in vivo and in endothelium, we generated a knockout (KO) mouse for HMBOX1 by using transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) technology. Herein, we reported that the protein level of HMBOX1 was gradually increased during mouse development. The HMBOX1 KO mouse was viable and fertile. There existed no differences in apoptosis and autophagy of aortic endothelial cells between wild type and KO mouse. Whereas, loss of HMBOX1 promoted apoptosis and inhibited autophagy of aortic endothelial cells under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in mouse. We also demonstrated that HMBOX1 deletion had no influence on the secretion of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6. Moreover, overexpression or knockdown of HMBOX1 failed to regulate multiple pro-apoptotic genes expression in vitro. In conclusion, HMBOX1 participated in the functional maintenance of mouse aortic endothelial cells, the aortic endothelial cells of HMBOX1 KO mouse showed increased apoptosis and decreased autophagy with LPS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- HanLin Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Su
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - XiaoYing He
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - JunYing Miao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China. .,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China.
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Nosaka N, Martinon D, Moreira D, Crother TR, Arditi M, Shimada K. Autophagy Protects Against Developing Increased Lung Permeability and Hypoxemia by Down Regulating Inflammasome Activity and IL-1β in LPS Plus Mechanical Ventilation-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Front Immunol 2020; 11:207. [PMID: 32117318 PMCID: PMC7033480 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting inflammasome activation to modulate interleukin (IL)-1β is a promising treatment strategy against acute respiratory distress syndrome and ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Autophagy is a key regulator of inflammasome activation in macrophages. Here, we investigated the role of autophagy in the development of acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and mechanical ventilation (MV). Two hours before starting MV, 0.2 mg/kg LPS was administered to mice intratracheally. Mice were then placed on high-volume MV (30 ml/kg with 3 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure for 2.5 h without additional oxygen application). Mice with myeloid-specific deletion of the autophagic protein ATG16L1 (Atg16l1fl/flLysMCre) suffered severe hypoxemia (adjusted p < 0.05) and increased lung permeability (p < 0.05, albumin level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid) with significantly higher IL-1β release into alveolar space (p < 0.05). Induction of autophagy by fasting-induced starvation led to improved arterial oxygenation (adjusted p < 0.0001) and lung permeability (p < 0.05), as well as significantly suppressed IL-1β production (p < 0.01). Intratracheal treatment with anti-mouse IL-1β monoclonal antibody (mAb; 2.5 mg/kg) significantly improved arterial oxygenation (adjusted p < 0.01) as well as lung permeability (p < 0.05). On the other hand, deletion of IL-1α gene or use of anti-mouse IL-1α mAb (2.5 mg/kg) provided no significant protection, suggesting that the LPS and MV-induced ALI is primarily dependent on IL-1β, but independent of IL-1α. These observations suggest that autophagy has a protective role in controlling inflammasome activation and production of IL-1β, which plays a critical role in developing hypoxemia and increased lung permeability in LPS plus MV-induced acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Nosaka
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Daisy Martinon
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Debbie Moreira
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Timothy R Crother
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kenichi Shimada
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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35
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Badamjav R, Sonom D, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Kou J, Yu B, Li F. The protective effects of Thalictrum minus L. on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 248:112355. [PMID: 31669667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Thalictrum minus L., a Mongolian folk medicinal plant, was applied for the treatment of bacterial and fungal infection, tuberculosis and lung inflammation. AIM OF THE STUDY The present work aims to elucidate the protective effects of Thalictrum minus L.(TML) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS The mice model of acute lung injury was induced by LPS via endotracheal drip, and TML (10, 20, 40 mg/kg) were administered orally 1 h prior to LPS. The efficacy and molecular mechanisms in the presence or absence of TML were investigated. RESULTS We demonstrated that treatment with TML aqueous extract protected the mice from acute lung injury induced by LPS administration. TML significantly inhibited weight loss in mice, decreased the lung wet to dry weight (W/D) ratios and attenuated lung histopathological changes, such as infiltration of inflammatory cells and coagulation, pulmonary edema. Furthermore, we found that TML markedly reduced the LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), decreased nitric oxide (NO), and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and effectively ameliorated LPS-induced increased total protein, leukocyte and macrophages in BALF. In addition, TML pronouncedly suppressed the activation of the MAPKs p38-NLRP3/caspase-1 and COX2, increased the expression of p-AMPK-Nrf2, and suppressed the expression of KEAP, apoptotic-related protein as well as autophagy. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that TML ameliorated LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting the release of inflammatory cytokines and reducing oxidative damage associated with the MAPKs p38-NLRP3/caspase-1 and COX2 signaling pathways, AMPK-Nrf2/KEAP signaling pathways, as well as apoptosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rentsen Badamjav
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
| | - Dolgor Sonom
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
| | - Yunhao Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
| | - Junping Kou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
| | - Boyang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
| | - Fang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
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Yin N, Wu C, Qiu J, Zhang Y, Bo L, Xu Y, Shi M, Zhu S, Yang G, Mao C. Protective properties of heme oxygenase-1 expressed in umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells help restore the ovarian function of premature ovarian failure mice through activating the JNK/Bcl-2 signal pathway-regulated autophagy and upregulating the circulating of CD8 +CD28 - T cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:49. [PMID: 32019599 PMCID: PMC7001243 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell (UCMSCs) transplantation has been widely studied in premature ovarian failure (POF). However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. This study aims to investigate the protective properties and mechanisms of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expressed in UCMSCs in restoring the ovarian function of POF mice. Methods In in vitro and in vivo experiments, mice were treated with the presence or absence of the HO-1/shHO-1-transfected UCMSCs, and the administration of SP600125 or anisomycin, the inhibitor or activator of JNK. The viability and apoptosis of granulosa cells (GCs) at different time points of co-cultivation were assessed in vitro. In in vivo experiments, mouse ovarian function was assessed by detecting the serum levels of hormone and observing the ovarian morphological changes. Multiple molecular indices of JNK/Bcl-2 signal pathway were performed. And the autophagy changes in GCs were assessed by detecting the associated cytokines and observing the intracellular autophagosome accumulation. Additionally, the spleen levels of CD8+CD28− T cells and serum levels of interleukin 10 (IL-10) were tested to evaluate the immune mechanisms involved. Results UCMSCs transfected with shHO-1 or treated with SP600125 inhibited GCs’ viability and promoted its apoptosis in a time-dependent manner in vitro. In in vivo experiments, mice in both groups showed little therapeutic efficiency which presented as the increased extent of ovarian fibrosis with decreased number of functional follicles, and disordered hormone production. Additionally, the JNK/Bcl-2-associated cytokines were obviously declined. The inhibited autophagy-related cytokines, the chromatin condensation and abound vacuolar autophagosome in GCs, and weakened fluorescence intensity by MDC were observed. The downregulated levels of CD8+CD28− T cells and serum levels of IL-10 were also detected. The damages above can be alleviated with HO-1-MSCs treatment or anisomycin administration. Conclusions HO-1 expressed in UCMSCs is critical in restoring the ovarian function in POF mice with UCMSC transplantation, which is mediated by the activation of JNK/Bcl-2 signal pathway-regulated autophagy and upregulating the circulating of CD8+CD28− T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Rd, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenting Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Rd, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianping Qiu
- Department of Gynaecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Municipal Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yueming Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Le Bo
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Rd, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Gynaecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Municipal Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengdie Shi
- Department of Gynaecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Municipal Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Songyue Zhu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Rd, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangzhao Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Rd, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Caiping Mao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Rd, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Mechanistic target of rapamycin-mediated autophagy is involved in the alleviation of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 78:105790. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Overexpression of transcription factor EB regulates mitochondrial autophagy to protect lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. Chin Med J (Engl) 2019; 132:1298-1304. [PMID: 30946071 PMCID: PMC6629347 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by an acute inflammatory process, and oxidative stress in the lung tissue leads to a lack of effective therapeutics. This study aimed to identify whether the overexpression of transcription factor EB (TFEB) regulates mitophagy to protect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. METHODS We detected the expression of inflammatory factors, cytochrome c (Cyt.c) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), and autophagy-related proteins and observed the changes in lung histopathology induced by ALI in rats and the changes in the cell ultrastructure of primary alveolar type II epithelial cells induced by changing the expression of TFEB in the context of ALI. RESULTS The overexpression of TFEB could reduce the expression of proinflammatory factors, such as IL-1 and IL-6, and increase the expression of anti-inflammatory factors, such as IL-10, both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the overexpression of TFEB could reduce the Cyt.c and NADPH levels both in vivo and in vitro. The overexpression of TFEB could upregulate the expression of autophagy-related proteins, such as lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1), microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B (LC3B), and Beclin both in vivo and in vitro, and promote mitochondrial autophagy. The overexpression of TFEB significantly improved the histopathologic changes induced by LPS-induced ALI in rats. However, low TFEB expression produced the opposite results. CONCLUSION TFEB overexpression can decrease inflammation and mitochondrial damage in the lung tissue and alveolar epithelial cells through regulating mitochondrial autophagy to protect against LPS-induced ALI. Therefore, TFEB is likely a potential therapeutic target in LPS-induced ALI.
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Hesperetin ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice through regulating the TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:1063-1070. [PMID: 31802426 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01200-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hesperetin, a major bioflavonoid in sweet oranges and lemons, exerts an anti-inflammatory effect in pulmonary diseases; however, its effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury is unclear. This study investigated the effect of hesperetin on LPS-induced lung inflammatory response. Mice were intratracheally instilled with 5 mg/kg body weight LPS, and then were given hesperetin orally (10, 20, and 30 mg/kg body weight) 1 h later. Hesperetin dramatically suppressed the levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as the number of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Besides, it reduced lung injury, wet weight/dry weight ratio, and myeloperoxidase and lactate dehydrogenase activities, and enhanced superoxide dismutase activity. In addition, hesperetin significantly downregulated the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) protein expression and suppressed nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in lung tissue. Together, these results indicated that the anti-inflammatory effect of hesperetin is associated with the TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB pathway, and that hesperetin shows therapeutic potential for LPS-induced acute lung injury.
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Kim YY, Lee S, Jang HJ, Hur G, Lee SW, Jung K, Lee SJ, Kim SH, Rho MC. Cynanchum atratum Ameliorates Airway Inflammation via Maintaining Alveolar Barrier and Regulating Mast Cell-Mediated Inflammatory Responses. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:1795-1814. [PMID: 31795744 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a common allergic airway inflammatory disease, characterized by abnormal breathing due to bronchial inflammation. Asthma aggravates the patient's quality of life and needs continuous pharmacological treatment. Therefore, discovery of drugs for the treatment of asthma is an important area of human health. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether Cynanchum atratum extract (CAE) modulates the asthma-like allergic airway inflammation and to study its possible mechanism of action using ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway inflammation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice, as well as a mast cell-based in vitro model. The histological analysis showed that CAE reduced the airway constriction and immune cell infiltration. CAE also inhibited release of β-hexosaminidase and expression of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-5 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissues. In addition, CAE reduced the OVA-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E, total IgE, IgG1, and IgG2a levels in the serum. In the LPS-induced ALI model, CAE suppressed the LPS-induced lung barrier dysfunction and the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Because allergic airway inflammatory responses are associated with the activation of mast cells, RBL-2H3 cells were used to evaluate the underlying mechanism of CAE effects. In RBL-2H3 cells, CAE down-regulated release of β-hexosaminidase and histamine by reducing the intracellular calcium influx. In addition, CAE suppressed the expression of proinflammatory cytokines by inhibiting nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB. Taken together, our findings suggest that CAE may help in the prevention or treatment of airway inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Yong Kim
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181, Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea.,CMRI, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680, Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Lee
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181, Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jae Jang
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181, Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Gayeong Hur
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181, Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, 567, Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Woong Lee
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181, Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsook Jung
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181, Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181, Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- CMRI, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680, Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Chual Rho
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181, Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
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JAK2/STAT1-mediated HMGB1 translocation increases inflammation and cell death in a ventilator-induced lung injury model. J Transl Med 2019; 99:1810-1821. [PMID: 31467427 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0308-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activators of transcription 1 (JAK2/STAT1) signaling is a common pathway that contributes to numerous inflammatory disorders, including different forms of acute lung injury (ALI). However, the role of JAK2/STAT1 in ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) and its underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhalation plus mechanical ventilation as VILI mouse model, we found that the administration of JAK2 inhibitor AZD1480 markedly attenuated lung destruction, diminished protein leakage, and inhibited cytokine release. In addition, when mouse macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells were exposed to LPS and cyclic stretch (CS), AZD1480 prevented cell autophagy, reduced apoptosis, and suppressed lactate dehydrogenase release by downregulating JAK2/STAT1 phosphorylation levels and inducing HMGB1 translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Furthermore, HMGB1 and STAT1 knockdown attenuated LPS+CS-induced autophagy and apoptosis in RAW 264.7 cells. In conclusion, these findings reveal the connection between the JAK2/STAT1 pathway and HMGB1 translocation in mediating lung inflammation and cell death in VILI, suggesting that these molecules may serve as novel therapeutic targets for VILI.
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Chichger H, Rounds S, Harrington EO. Endosomes and Autophagy: Regulators of Pulmonary Endothelial Cell Homeostasis in Health and Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:994-1008. [PMID: 31190562 PMCID: PMC6765061 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Alterations in oxidant/antioxidant balance injure pulmonary endothelial cells and are important in the pathogenesis of lung diseases, such as Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), ischemia/reperfusion injury, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and emphysema. Recent Advances: The endosomal and autophagic pathways regulate cell homeostasis. Both pathways support recycling or degradation of macromolecules or organelles, targeted to endosomes or lysosomes, respectively. Thus, both processes promote cell survival. However, with environmental stress or injury, imbalance in endosomal and autophagic pathways may enhance macromolecular or organelle degradation, diminish biosynthetic processes, and cause cell death. Critical Issues: While the role of autophagy in cellular homeostasis in pulmonary disease has been investigated, the role of the endosome in the lung vasculature is less known. Furthermore, autophagy can either decrease or exacerbate endothelial injury, depending upon inciting insult and disease process. Future Directions: Diseases affecting the pulmonary endothelium, such as emphysema, ARDS, and PAH, are linked to altered endosomal or autophagic processing, leading to enhanced degradation of macromolecules and potential cell death. Efforts to target this imbalance have yielded limited success as treatments for lung injuries, which may be due to the complexity of both processes. It is possible that endosomal trafficking proteins, such as Rab GTPases and late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor, MAPK and MTOR activator 1, may be novel therapeutic targets. While endocytosis or autophagy have been linked to improved function of the pulmonary endothelium in vitro and in vivo, further studies are needed to identify targets for modulating cellular homeostasis in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havovi Chichger
- Biomedical Research Group, Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Rounds
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Elizabeth O. Harrington
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Li C, Pan J, Ye L, Xu H, Wang B, Xu H, Xu L, Hou T, Zhang D. Autophagy regulates the therapeutic potential of adipose-derived stem cells in LPS-induced pulmonary microvascular barrier damage. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:804. [PMID: 31645547 PMCID: PMC6811543 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been shown to be beneficial in some pulmonary diseases, and the paracrine effect is the major mechanism underlying ADSC-based therapy. Autophagy plays a crucial role in maintaining stem cell homeostasis and survival. However, the role of autophagy in mediating ADSC paracrine effects has not been thoroughly elucidated. We examined whether ADSCs participate in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell (PMVEC) barrier damage in a paracrine manner and illuminated the role of autophagy in regulating ADSC paracrine effects. PMVECs and ADSCs with or without autophagy inhibition were cocultured without intercellular contact, and the microvascular barrier function was assessed after LPS treatment. ADSC paracrine function was evaluated by detecting essential growth factors for endothelial cells. For in vivo experiments, ADSCs with or without autophagy inhibition were transplanted into LPS-induced lung-injury mice, and lung injury was assessed. ADSCs significantly alleviated LPS-induced microvascular barrier injury. In addition, ADSC paracrine levels of VEGF, FGF, and EGF were induced by LPS treatment, especially in the coculture condition. Inhibiting autophagy weakened the paracrine function and the protective effects of ADSCs on microvascular barrier injury. Moreover, ADSC transplantation alleviated LPS-induced lung injury, and inhibiting autophagy markedly weakened the therapeutic effect of ADSCs on lung injury. Together, these findings show that ADSC paracrine effects play a vital protective role in LPS-induced pulmonary microvascular barrier injury. Autophagy is a positive mediating factor in the paracrine process. These results are helpful for illuminating the role and mechanism of ADSC paracrine effects and developing effective therapies in acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chichi Li
- Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 325000, PR China
| | - Jingye Pan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 325000, PR China
| | - Lechi Ye
- Department of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 325000, PR China
| | - Honglei Xu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 325000, PR China
| | - Beibei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 325000, PR China
| | - Hanyan Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 325000, PR China
| | - Lingna Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 325000, PR China
| | - Tongtong Hou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 325000, PR China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 325000, PR China.
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Chen H, Mao X, Meng X, Li Y, Feng J, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Yu Y, Xie K. Hydrogen alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction and organ damage via autophagy‑mediated NLRP3 inflammasome inactivation in sepsis. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:1309-1324. [PMID: 31432098 PMCID: PMC6713420 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a highly heterogeneous syndrome that is caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. The disproportionate inflammatory response to invasive infection is a triggering event inducing sepsis. The activation of inflammasomes in sepsis can amplify inflammatory responses. It has been reported that damaged mitochondria contribute to NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-related sepsis. Our previous study revealed that hydrogen (H2) exerts anti-inflammatory effects in sepsis but the detailed mechanism remains to be elucidated. In the present study, septic mice induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and macrophages induced by lipopolysaccha-ride (LPS) were used as models of sepsis in vivo and in vitro, respectively. An inducer and inhibitor of autophagy and the NLRP3 inflammasome were administered to investigate the detailed mechanism of action of H2 treatment in sepsis. The results demonstrated that LPS and ATP led to NLRP3 inflammasome pathway activation, excessive cytokine release, mitochondrial dysfunction and the activation of autophagy. CLP induced organ injury and NLRP3 pathway activation. H2 treatment ameliorated vital organ damage, the inflammatory response, mitochondrial dysfunction and NLRP3 pathway activation, and promoted autophagy in macrophages induced by LPS and in CLP mice. However, the inhibitor of autophagy and the inducer of NLRP3 reversed the protective effect of H2 against organ damage, the inflammatory response and mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, the results demonstrated that H2 alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction and cytokine release via autophagy-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongguang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Xing Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyin Meng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Jingcheng Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin 300140, P.R. China
| | - Yaoqi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yonghao Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Keliang Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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Li P, Yao Y, Ma Y, Chen Y. MiR-150 attenuates LPS-induced acute lung injury via targeting AKT3. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105794. [PMID: 31398659 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and its severe manifestation of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in human lung are induced by inflammatory cytokines and endogenous factors such as miRNAs. However, the role of miR-150 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI is not clear. Here, we found miR-150 expression was significantly reduced in the serum of patients with ARDS, and negatively associated with the disease severity and 28-day survival of ARDS. In vivo, miR-150 decreased total cell and neutrophil counts, and production of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as well as levels of total protein, albumin and IgM in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in LPS-induced ALI mice. Meanwhile, miR-150 improved the 72 h survival rate of LPS-induced ALI mice. In-vitro assays demonstrated that miR-150 alleviated LPS-induced A549 cell apoptosis, autophagy, and release of inflammatory cytokines. Further, AKT3 was a direct target of miR-150. Silencing of AKT3 partially reversed LPS-induced A549 cell injury, and enhanced the protective effects of miR-150. In addition, miR-150 or si-AKT3 effectively inhibited the phosphorylation levels of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) (p65 and IκBα). In conclusion, miR-150 alleviated LPS-induced acute lung injury via directly targeting AKT3 expression or regulating JNK and NF-κB pathways, which may be a promising therapeutic strategy to treat ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pibao Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899# Pinghai Road, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China; Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, No.12, Central Wuying Hill Road, Jinan 250031, Shandong, China
| | - Yanfen Yao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, No.12, Central Wuying Hill Road, Jinan 250031, Shandong, China
| | - Yuezhen Ma
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, No.12, Central Wuying Hill Road, Jinan 250031, Shandong, China
| | - Yanbin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899# Pinghai Road, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China.
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Feng Y, Huang Y, Wang Y, Wang P, Song H, Wang F. Antibiotics induced intestinal tight junction barrier dysfunction is associated with microbiota dysbiosis, activated NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218384. [PMID: 31211803 PMCID: PMC6581431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight junction barrier is critical to intestinal homeostasis. Applying antibiotics to treat infections is common in clinical practice, which may affect intestinal microbiota. Intestinal microbiota dysbiosis is involved in the occurrence of some gastrointestinal diseases. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the influence of antibiotics on intestinal tight junction barrier and the possible underlying mechanisms. Healthy adult female C57BL/6 mice were treated with a broad-spectrum antibiotic cocktail for 14 days. 16S rDNA Illumina sequencing and headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC/MS) were respectively used to analyze microbial community and to detect short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) contents. In vivo intestinal paracellular permeability to fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-dextran) was measured. Protein expression was determined by immunoblotting. Immunofluoresence was applied to observe the distributions of ZO-1, LC3B and ASC. Antibiotics remarkably altered intestinal microbiota composition in healthy mice, accompanying reduced SCFAs' concentrations. In addition, the intestinal tight junction barrier was disrupted by antibiotic treatment, as evidenced by increased intestinal paracellular permeability to FITC-dextran, decreased tight junction protein expressions, and disrupted ZO-1 morphology. Furthermore, NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy were activated by antibiotic treatment. In conclusion, intestinal epithelial tight junction barrier dysfunction induced by antibiotics is associated with intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, activated NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yalan Huang
- Department of Military Nursing, School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Pei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Huapei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Fengjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Abstract
Autophagy is a Greek-derived concept that means "self-eating" and is increasingly recognized as an important regulator of homeostasis and disease. In this issue of the JCI, Yeganeh et al. report the important finding that intrinsic autophagy is required for normal progression of lung development. Conditional deletion of the beclin 1-encoding gene (Becn1) specifically within lung epithelial cells of embryonic mice resulted in neonatal lethal respiratory distress that was associated with negative impacts on airway branching and differentiation of airway epithelial cell lineages. The authors draw speculative parallels with the alveolar simplification phenotype of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature human infants and suggest that stimulation of autophagy by cAMP-dependent kinase activation might conceivably rescue these phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Warburton
- The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, USC, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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48
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Niu F, Xu X, Zhang R, Sun L, Gan N, Wang A. Ursodeoxycholic acid stimulates alveolar fluid clearance in LPS-induced pulmonary edema via ALX/cAMP/PI3K pathway. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:20057-20065. [PMID: 30972764 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to examine the impact of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on pulmonary edema and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. The effects of UDCA on pulmonary edema were assessed through hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, lung dry/wet (W/D) ratio, TNF-α/IL-1β levels of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), protein expression of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), and Na+ /K+ -ATPase. Besides, the detailed mechanisms were explored in primary rat alveolar type (AT) II epithelial cells by determining the effects of BOC-2 (ALX [lipoxin A4 receptor] inhibitor), Rp-cAMP (cAMP inhibitor), LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor), and H89 (PKA inhibitor) on the therapeutic effects of UDCA against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes. Histological examination suggested that LPS-induced lung injury was obviously attenuated by UDCA. BALF TNF-α/IL-1β levels and lung W/D ratios were decreased by UDCA in LPS model rats. UDCA stimulated alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) though the upregulation of ENaC and Na+ /K+ -ATPase. BOC-2, Rp-cAMP, and LY294002 largely suppressed the therapeutic effects of UDCA. Significant attenuation of pulmonary edema and lung inflammation was revealed in LPS-challenged rats after the UDCA treatment. The therapeutic efficacy of UDCA against LPS was mainly achieved through the ALX/cAMP/PI3K pathway. Our results suggested that UDCA might be a potential drug for the treatment of pulmonary edema induced by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Niu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotao Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Gan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Aizhong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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49
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Qu L, Chen C, Chen Y, Li Y, Tang F, Huang H, He W, Zhang R, Shen L. High-Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) and Autophagy in Acute Lung Injury (ALI): A Review. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:1828-1837. [PMID: 30853709 PMCID: PMC6423734 DOI: 10.12659/msm.912867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening clinical syndrome in critically ill patients. The identification of novel biological markers for the early diagnosis of ALI and the development of more effective treatments are topics of current research. High mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) is a late inflammatory mediator associated with sepsis, malignancy, and immune disease. Levels of HMGB1 may reflect the severity of inflammation and tissue damage, indicating a potential role for HMGB1 as a prognostic biomarker in ALI, and a potential target for blocking inflammatory pathways. Several studies have shown that HMGB1 regulates autophagy. Autophagy, or type II programmed cell death, is an essential biological process that maintains cellular homeostasis. Studies have shown that HMGB1 and autophagy are involved in the pathogenesis of many lung diseases including ALI but the specific mechanisms underlying this association remain to be determined. This review aims to provide an update on the current status of the role of HMBG1 and autophagy in ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Qu
- Department of Physiology, Hunan Normal University Medical College, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Hunan Normal University Medical College, Changsha, Hunan, Christmas island
| | - YangYe Chen
- Department of Physiology, Hunan Normal University Medical College, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Physiology, Hunan Normal University Medical College, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Fang Tang
- Department of Medical Nursing, Hunan Normal University Medical College, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, The 163rd Central Hospital of the Peoples' Liberation Army (PLA), Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Wei He
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Hunan Normal University Medical College, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Physiology, Hunan Normal University Medical College, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
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50
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LI H, HOU H, LIU S, FENG Y, ZHONG W, HU X, YAN N. miR-33 and RIP140 participate in LPS-induced acute lung injury. Turk J Med Sci 2019; 49:422-428. [PMID: 30761836 PMCID: PMC7350843 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1804-173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) play a pivotal role in the process of acute lung injury (ALI), which can be induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Numerous reports have indicated that both miR-33 and RIP140 are involved in the inflammatory response in macrophages. In this study, we sought to investigate whether miR-33 and RIP140 participate in ALI induced by LPS. Materials and methods First, we isolated and identified PMVECs from BALB/c mice. Subsequently, both PMVECs and BALB/c mice were treated with PBS, LPS, or pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) plus LPS and divided into three groups: control (PBS), LPS (LPS), and L+P (LPS plus PDTC) groups. We assessed pathology by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and miR-33 and RIP140 expression levels were examined using quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses. Results Our results demonstrated that LPS can induce PMVEC injury and ALI and that LPS treatment significantly decreased miR-33 expression compared with controls (P < 0.001, n = 5). On the contrary, RIP140 was markedly overexpressed by LPS treatment (P < 0.001, n = 5). However, this alteration can be inhibited by pretreatment with PDTC before LPS (P < 0.05, n = 5). Conclusion This study is the first to confirm that both miR-33 and RIP140 participate in LPS-induced PMVEC injury and ALI, which may help uncover the mechanism of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua LI
- Basic Medical Experiments Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, JiangxiP.R. China
| | - Huan HOU
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences,Nanchang University, Nanchang, JiangxiP.R. China
| | - Shuang LIU
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences,Nanchang University, Nanchang, JiangxiP.R. China
| | - Yangyang FENG
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences,Nanchang University, Nanchang, JiangxiP.R. China
| | - Wansi ZHONG
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences,Nanchang University, Nanchang, JiangxiP.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan HU
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences,Nanchang University, Nanchang, JiangxiP.R. China
| | - Nianlong YAN
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences,Nanchang University, Nanchang, JiangxiP.R. China
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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