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Zhang J, Cao J, Liu Y, Zhao H. Advances in the Pathogenesis of Steroid-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head. Biomolecules 2024; 14:667. [PMID: 38927070 PMCID: PMC11202272 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a refractory orthopedic condition characterized by bone cell ischemia, necrosis, bone trabecular fracture, and clinical symptoms such as pain, femoral head collapse, and joint dysfunction that can lead to disability. The disability rate of ONFH is very high, which imposes a significant economic burden on both families and society. Steroid-associated osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SANFH) is the most common type of ONFH. However, the pathogenesis of SANFH remains unclear, and it is an urgent challenge for orthopedic surgeons to explore it. In this paper, the pathogenesis of SANFH and its related signaling pathways were briefly reviewed to enhance comprehension of the pathogenesis and prevention of SANFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- The First Clinical College of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jianze Cao
- The First Clinical College of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yongfei Liu
- The First Clinical College of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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2
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Rahman MS, Hossain MS. Eicosanoids Signals in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Foe or Friend. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00919-4. [PMID: 37878227 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00919-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 mediated infection instigated a scary pandemic state since 2019. They created havoc comprising death, imbalanced social structures, and a wrecked global economy. During infection, the inflammation and associated cytokine storm generate a critical pathological situation in the human body, especially in the lungs. By the passage of time of infection, inflammatory disorders, and multiple organ damage happen which might lead to death, if not treated properly. Until now, many pathological parameters have been used to understand the progress of the severity of COVID-19 but with limited success. Bioactive lipid mediators have the potential of initiating and resolving inflammation in any disease. The connection between lipid storm and inflammatory states of SARS-CoV-2 infection has surfaced and got importance to understand and mitigate the pathological states of COVID-19. As the role of eicosanoids in COVID-19 infection is not well defined, available information regarding this issue has been accumulated to address the possible network of eicosanoids related to the initiation of inflammation, promotion of cytokine storm, and resolution of inflammation, and highlight possible strategies for treatment and drug discovery related to SARS-CoV-2 infection in this study. Understanding the involvement of eicosanoids in exploration of cellular events provoked by SARS-CoV-2 infection has been summarized as an important factor to deescalate any upcoming catastrophe imposed by the lethal variants of this micro-monster. Additionally, this study also recognized the eicosanoid based drug discovery, treatment, and strategies for managing the severity of SARS-COV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sharifur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Mohammad Salim Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh.
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3
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Kaczmarek I, Wower I, Ettig K, Kuhn CK, Kraft R, Landgraf K, Körner A, Schöneberg T, Horn S, Thor D. Identifying G protein-coupled receptors involved in adipose tissue function using the innovative RNA-seq database FATTLAS. iScience 2023; 26:107841. [PMID: 37766984 PMCID: PMC10520334 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) modulate the function of adipose tissue (AT) in general and of adipocytes, specifically. Although it is well-established that GPCRs are widely expressed in AT, their repertoire as well as their regulation and function in (patho)physiological conditions (e.g., obesity) is not fully resolved. Here, we established FATTLAS, an interactive public database, for improved access and analysis of RNA-seq data of mouse and human AT. After extracting the GPCRome of non-obese and obese individuals, highly expressed and differentially regulated GPCRs were identified. Exemplarily, we describe four receptors (GPR146, MRGPRF, FZD5, PTGER2) and analyzed their functions in a (pre)adipocyte cell model. Besides all receptors being involved in adipogenesis, MRGPRF is essential for adipocyte viability and regulates cAMP levels, while GPR146 modulates adipocyte lipolysis via constitutive activation of Gi proteins. Taken together, by implementing and using FATTLAS we describe four hitherto unrecognized GPCRs associated with AT function and adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Kaczmarek
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Isabel Wower
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katja Ettig
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christina Katharina Kuhn
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Kraft
- Carl Ludwig Institute for Physiology, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Landgraf
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Torsten Schöneberg
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- School of Medicine, University of Global Health Equity (UGHE), Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Susanne Horn
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Doreen Thor
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Nartey MNN, Shimizu H, Sugiyama H, Higa M, Syeda PK, Nishimura K, Jisaka M, Yokota K. Eicosapentaenoic Acid Induces the Inhibition of Adipogenesis by Reducing the Effect of PPARγ Activator and Mediating PKA Activation and Increased COX-2 Expression in 3T3-L1 Cells at the Differentiation Stage. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1704. [PMID: 37629561 PMCID: PMC10456008 DOI: 10.3390/life13081704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has received increasing attention in recent years because it is a factor in the development of non-communicable diseases. The current study aimed to analyze how representative fatty acids (FAs) such as palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, α-linolenic acid (ALA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) affected adipogenesis when/if introduced at the differentiation stage of 3T3-L1 cell culture. These FAs are assumed to be potentially relevant to the progression or prevention of obesity. EPA added during the differentiation stage reduced intracellular triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation, as well as the expression of the established adipocyte-specific marker genes, during the maturation stage. However, no other FAs inhibited intracellular TAG accumulation. Coexistence of Δ12-prostaglandin J2, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ activator, with EPA during the differentiation stage partially attenuated the inhibitory effect of EPA on intracellular TAG accumulation. EPA increased cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and protein kinase A (PKA) activity at the differentiation stage, which could explain the inhibitory actions of EPA. Taken together, exposure of preadipocytes to EPA only during the differentiation stage may be sufficient to finally reduce the mass of white adipose tissue through increasing COX-2 expression and PKA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N. N. Nartey
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Animal Research Institute, Achimota, Accra P.O. Box AH20, Ghana;
| | - Hidehisa Shimizu
- Estuary Research Center, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue 690-8504, Shimane, Japan;
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue 690-8504, Shimane, Japan; (H.S.); (M.H.); (K.N.); (K.Y.)
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue 690-8504, Shimane, Japan;
- Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue 690-8504, Shimane, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Tottori, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue 690-8504, Shimane, Japan
| | - Hikaru Sugiyama
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue 690-8504, Shimane, Japan; (H.S.); (M.H.); (K.N.); (K.Y.)
| | - Manami Higa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue 690-8504, Shimane, Japan; (H.S.); (M.H.); (K.N.); (K.Y.)
| | - Pinky Karim Syeda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue 690-8504, Shimane, Japan;
| | - Kohji Nishimura
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue 690-8504, Shimane, Japan; (H.S.); (M.H.); (K.N.); (K.Y.)
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue 690-8504, Shimane, Japan;
- Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue 690-8504, Shimane, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Tottori, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue 690-8504, Shimane, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Jisaka
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue 690-8504, Shimane, Japan; (H.S.); (M.H.); (K.N.); (K.Y.)
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue 690-8504, Shimane, Japan;
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Tottori, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue 690-8504, Shimane, Japan
| | - Kazushige Yokota
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue 690-8504, Shimane, Japan; (H.S.); (M.H.); (K.N.); (K.Y.)
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue 690-8504, Shimane, Japan;
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Tottori, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue 690-8504, Shimane, Japan
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Zhou M, Li J, Xu J, Zheng L, Xu S. Exploring human CYP4 enzymes: physiological roles, function in diseases and focus on inhibitors. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103560. [PMID: 36958639 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 (CYP)4 family of enzymes are monooxygenases responsible for the ω-oxidation of endogenous fatty acids and eicosanoids and play a crucial part in regulating numerous eicosanoid signaling pathways. Recently, CYP4 gained attention as a potential therapeutic target for several human diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases and inflammation. Small-molecule inhibitors of CYP4 could provide promising treatments for these diseases. The aim of the present review is to highlight the advances in the field of CYP4, discussing the physiology and pathology of the CYP4 family and compiling CYP4 inhibitors into groups based on their chemical classes to provide clues for the future discovery of drug candidates targeting CYP4. Teaser: This review provides an updated view of the physiology and pathology of CYP4 enzymes. CYP4 inhibitors are compiled based on their skeletons to provide clues for the future discovery of drug candidates targeting CYP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzhen Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Junda Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jinyi Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Lufeng Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Shengtao Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Suzhou, 215300, China.
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6
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Photoperiod Conditions Modulate Serum Oxylipins Levels in Healthy and Obese Rats: Impact of Proanthocyanidins and Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030707. [PMID: 36771413 PMCID: PMC9920779 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonal rhythms are emerging as a key factor influencing gut microbiota and bioactive compounds functionality as well as several physiological processes such as inflammation. In this regard, their impact on the modulation of oxylipins (OXLs), which are important lipid mediators of inflammatory processes, has not been investigated yet. Hence, we aimed to investigate the effects of photoperiods on OXLs metabolites in healthy and obesogenic conditions. Moreover, we evaluated if the impact of proanthocyanidins and gut microbiota on OXLs metabolism is influenced by photoperiod in obesity. To this purpose, Fischer 344 rats were housed under different photoperiod conditions (L6: 6 h light, L12: 12 h light or L18:18 h light) and fed either a standard chow diet (STD) or a cafeteria diet (CAF) for 9 weeks. During the last 4 weeks, obese rats were daily administered with an antibiotic cocktail (ABX), an oral dose of a grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE), or with their combination. CAF feeding and ABX treatment affected OXLs in a photoperiod dependent-manner. GSPE significantly altered prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels, only under L6 and mitigated ABX-mediated effects only under L18. In conclusion, photoperiods affect OXLs levels influenced by gut microbiota. This is the first time that the effects of photoperiod on OXLs metabolites have been demonstrated.
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Effects of Fatty Acid Metabolites on Adipocytes Britening: Role of Thromboxane A2. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030446. [PMID: 36766790 PMCID: PMC9913700 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex disease highly related to diet and lifestyle and is associated with low amount of thermogenic adipocytes. Therapeutics that regulate brown adipocyte recruitment and activity represent interesting strategies to fight overweight and associated comorbidities. Recent studies suggest a role for several fatty acids and their metabolites, called lipokines, in the control of thermogenesis. The purpose of this work was to analyze the role of several lipokines in the control of brown/brite adipocyte formation. We used a validated human adipocyte model, human multipotent adipose-derived stem cell model (hMADS). In the absence of rosiglitazone, hMADS cells differentiate into white adipocytes, but convert into brite adipocytes upon rosiglitazone or prostacyclin 2 (PGI2) treatment. Gene expression was quantified using RT-qPCR and protein levels were assessed by Western blotting. We show here that lipokines such as 12,13-diHOME, 12-HEPE, 15dPGJ2 and 15dPGJ3 were not able to induce browning of white hMADS adipocytes. However, both fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs), 9-PAHPA and 9-PAHSA potentiated brown key marker UCP1 mRNA levels. Interestingly, CTA2, the stable analog of thromboxane A2 (TXA2), but not its inactive metabolite TXB2, inhibited the rosiglitazone and PGI2-induced browning of hMADS adipocytes. These results pinpoint TXA2 as a lipokine inhibiting brown adipocyte formation that is antagonized by PGI2. Our data open new horizons in the development of potential therapies based on the control of thromboxane A2/prostacyclin balance to combat obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
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Nartey MNN, Jisaka M, Syeda PK, Nishimura K, Shimizu H, Yokota K. Prostaglandin D 2 Added during the Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Cells Suppresses Adipogenesis via Dysfunction of D-Prostanoid Receptor P1 and P2. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020370. [PMID: 36836727 PMCID: PMC9963520 DOI: 10.3390/life13020370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that the addition of prostaglandin, (PG)D2, and its chemically stable analog, 11-deoxy-11-methylene-PGD2 (11d-11m-PGD2), during the maturation phase of 3T3-L1 cells promotes adipogenesis. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the effects of the addition of PGD2 or 11d-11m-PGD2 to 3T3-L1 cells during the differentiation phase on adipogenesis. We found that both PGD2 and 11d-11m-PGD2 suppressed adipogenesis through the downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) expression. However, the latter suppressed adipogenesis more potently than PGD2, most likely because of its higher resistance to spontaneous transformation into PGJ2 derivatives. In addition, this anti-adipogenic effect was attenuated by the coexistence of an IP receptor agonist, suggesting that the effect depends on the intensity of the signaling from the IP receptor. The D-prostanoid receptors 1 (DP1) and 2 (DP2, also known as a chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells) are receptors for PGD2. The inhibitory effects of PGD2 and 11d-11m-PGD2 on adipogenesis were slightly attenuated by a DP2 agonist. Furthermore, the addition of PGD2 and 11d-11m-PGD2 during the differentiation phase reduced the DP1 and DP2 expression during the maturation phase. Overall, these results indicated that the addition of PGD2 or 11d-11m-PGD2 during the differentiation phase suppresses adipogenesis via the dysfunction of DP1 and DP2. Therefore, unidentified receptor(s) for both molecules may be involved in the suppression of adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N. N. Nartey
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Animal Research Institute, Achimota, Accra P.O. Box AH20, Ghana
| | - Mitsuo Jisaka
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Pinky Karim Syeda
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Kohji Nishimura
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
- Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Hidehisa Shimizu
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
- Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Kazushige Yokota
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
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Nartey MNN, Jisaka M, Syeda PK, Nishimura K, Shimizu H, Yokota K. Arachidonic Acid Added during the Differentiation Phase of 3T3-L1 Cells Exerts Anti-Adipogenic Effect by Reducing the Effects of Pro-Adipogenic Prostaglandins. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020367. [PMID: 36836723 PMCID: PMC9962328 DOI: 10.3390/life13020367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A linoleic acid (LA) metabolite arachidonic acid (AA) added to 3T3-L1 cells is reported to suppress adipogenesis. The purpose of the present study aimed to clarify the effects of AA added during the differentiation phase, including adipogenesis, the types of prostaglandins (PG)s produced, and the crosstalk between AA and the PGs produced. Adipogenesis was inhibited by AA added, while LA did not. When AA was added, increased PGE2 and PGF2α production, unchanged Δ12-PGJ2 production, and reduced PGI2 production were observed. Since the decreased PGI2 production was reflected in decreased CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-β (C/EBPβ) and C/EBPδ expression, we expected that the coexistence of PGI2 with AA would suppress the anti-adipogenic effects of AA. However, the coexistence of PGI2 with AA did not attenuate the anti-adipogenic effects of AA. In addition, the results were similar when Δ12-PGJ2 coexisted with AA. Taken together, these results indicated that the metabolism of ingested LA to AA is necessary to inhibit adipogenesis and that exposure of AA to adipocytes during only the differentiation phase is sufficient. As further mechanisms for suppressing adipogenesis, AA was found not only to increase PGE2 and PGF2α and decrease PGI2 production but also to abrogate the pro-adipogenic effects of PGI2 and Δ12-PGJ2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N. N. Nartey
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Animal Research Institute, Achimota, Accra P.O. Box AH20, Ghana
| | - Mitsuo Jisaka
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Shimane, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Shimane, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Pinky Karim Syeda
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Shimane, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Kohji Nishimura
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Shimane, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Shimane, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
- Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Shimane, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Hidehisa Shimizu
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Shimane, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Shimane, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
- Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Shimane, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Kazushige Yokota
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Shimane, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Shimane, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
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Jaborek JR, Fluharty FL, Lee K, Zerby HN, Relling AE. Lipid metabolism mRNA expression and cellularity of intramuscular adipocytes within the Longissimus muscle of Angus- and Wagyu-sired cattle fed for a similar days on feed or body weight endpoint. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skac371. [PMID: 36753534 PMCID: PMC9907753 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates intramuscular (IM) adipocyte development in the Longissimus muscle (LM) between Wagyu- and Angus-sired steers compared at a similar age and days on feed (D) endpoint or similar body weight (B) endpoint by measuring IM adipocyte cell area and lipid metabolism mRNA expression. Angus-sired steers (AN, n = 6) were compared with steers from two different Wagyu sires (WA), selected for either growth (G) or marbling (M), to be compared at a similar days on feed (DOF; 258 ± 26.7 d; WA-GD, n = 5 and WA-MD, n = 5) in Exp. 1 or body weight (BW; 613 ± 18.0 kg; WA-GB, n = 4 and WA-MB, n = 5) in Exp. 2, respectively. In Exp. 1, WA-MD steers had a greater (P ≤ 0.01) percentage of IM fat in the LM compared with AN and WA-GD steers. In Exp. 2, WA-MB steers had a greater (P ≤ 0.01) percentage of IM fat in the LM compared with AN and WA-GB steers. The distribution of IM adipocyte area was unimodal at all biopsy collections, with IM adipocyte area becoming progressively larger as cattle age (P ≤ 0.01) and BW increased (P ≤ 0.01). Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta (PPARd) was upregulated earlier for WA-MD and WA-MB cattle compared with other steers at a similar DOF and BW (P ≤ 0.02; treatment × biopsy interaction). Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma was upregulated (PPARg) at a lesser BW for WA-MB steers (P = 0.09; treatment × biopsy interaction), while WA-MD steers had a greater (P ≤ 0.04) overall mean PPARg mRNA expression compared with other steers. Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, lipin 1, and hormone sensitive lipase demonstrated mRNA expression patterns similar to PPARg and PPARd or CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta, which emphasizes their importance in marbling development and growth. Additionally, WA-MD and WA-MB steers often had a greater early mRNA expression of fatty acid transporters (fatty acid transport protein 1; P < 0.02; treatment × biopsy interaction) and binding proteins (fatty acid binding protein 4) compared with other steers. Cattle with a greater marbling propensity appear to upregulate adipogenesis at a younger chronological and physiological maturity through PPARd, PPARg, and possibly adipogenic regulating compounds, lysophosphatidic acid, and diacylglycerol. These genes and compounds could be used as potential markers for marbling propensity of cattle in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Jaborek
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Michigan State University Extension - Sanilac County, Sandusky, MI 48471, USA
| | - F L Fluharty
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kichoon Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - A E Relling
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
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11
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Gonzalez-Riano C, Santos M, Díaz M, García-Beltran C, Lerin C, Barbas C, Ibáñez L, Sánchez-Infantes D. Birth Weight and Early Postnatal Outcomes: Association with the Cord Blood Lipidome. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183760. [PMID: 36145136 PMCID: PMC9505183 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Being born small or large for gestational age (SGA and LGA, respectively), combined with suboptimal early postnatal outcomes, can entail future metabolic alterations. The exact mechanisms underlying such risks are not fully understood. Lipids are a highly diverse class of molecules that perform multiple structural and metabolic functions. Dysregulation of lipid metabolism underlies the onset and progression of many disorders leading to pathological states. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the relationships between birth weight, early postnatal outcomes, and cord blood serum lipidomes. We performed a non-targeted lipidomics-based approach to ascertain differences in cord blood lipid species among SGA, LGA, and appropriate-for-GA (AGA) newborns. Moreover, we longitudinally assessed (at birth and at ages of 4 and 12 months) weight and length, body composition (DXA), and clinical parameters. We disclosed distinct cord blood lipidome patterns in SGA, LGA, and AGA newborns; target lipid species distinctly modulated in each SGA, AGA, and LGA individual were associated with parameters related to growth and glucose homeostasis. The distinct lipidome patterns observed in SGA, AGA, and LGA newborns may play a role in adipose tissue remodeling and future metabolic risks. Maternal dietary interventions may potentially provide long-term benefits for the metabolic health of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gonzalez-Riano
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Marcelo Santos
- Endocrinology Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Díaz
- Endocrinology Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Beltran
- Endocrinology Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carles Lerin
- Endocrinology Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Lourdes Ibáñez
- Endocrinology Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.I.); (D.S.-I.)
| | - David Sánchez-Infantes
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Health Sciences, Campus Alcorcón, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.I.); (D.S.-I.)
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12
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Antidiarrheal and Antibacterial Activities of Calpurnia aurea: Benth Seed Different Extracts. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9582687. [PMID: 36091586 PMCID: PMC9451978 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9582687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Calpurnia aurea is believed to have antidiarrheal potential but with limited scientific evidence. This study aimed investigating antidiarrheal and antibacterial activity of aqueous and 80% methanol seed extracts of the plant in mice and selected diarrhea-causing bacterial strains, respectively. Methods Castor oil-induced diarrhea, prostaglandin-induced enteropooling, and castor oil-induced charcoal meal test models in mice of either sex using three dose levels (60, 120, and 240 mg/kg) were applied to evaluate antidiarrheal activity. Parameters, including onset, number, wet stool weight, weight and volume of secretion, and intestinal motility, were taken into consideration. The antibacterial activity was assessed on Shigella soni, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using disk diffusion and microdilution techniques. Results Compared to controls, pretreatment of mice at the graded dose (60, 120, and 240 mg/kg) resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) drop in frequency of wet stools and watery content of diarrhea as well as in delaying onset of diarrhea. Both extracts exhibited inhibition of diarrhea in a dose-dependent manner in all models used. The extracts also showed significant (p < 0.05) reduction in intestinal motility in castor oil-induced models. Both extracts showed a marginal activity against the selected bacterial strains; a better effect was seen with 80% methanol seed extract. Conclusion Both extracts of the plant have beneficial effect in controlling diarrhea. This finding supports the use of the plant as a traditional antidiarrheal remedy.
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Brimonidine Modulates the ROCK1 Signaling Effects on Adipogenic Differentiation in 2D and 3D 3T3-L1 Cells. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9070327. [PMID: 35877378 PMCID: PMC9311963 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9070327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The additive effects of an α2-adrenergic agonist, brimonidine (BRI), on the pan-ROCK inhibitor (ROCK-i), ripasudil (Rip), and the ROCK2-I, KD025, on adipogenic differentiation (DIF+) were examined using two- or three-dimension (2D or 3D) cultures of 3T3-L1 cells. The following analyses were carried out: (1) lipid staining (2D and 3D), (2) real-time measurements of cellular metabolism (2D), (3) mRNA expression of DIF+ related genes and extracellular matrix molecules (ECMs) including collagen (Col)-1, -4, and -6, and fibronectin (Fn), and (4) the sizes and physical properties of the 3D spheroids. The findings indicate that DIF+ induced (1) a substantial enhancement in lipid staining and enhanced expression of the Pparγ and Fabp4 genes, (2) significantly larger and softer 3D spheroids, and (3) down-regulation of Col1 and Fn and up-regulation of Col4 and Col6 genes. Treatment with Rip alone caused a significant enhancement in adipogenesis of both the 2D and 3D cultured 3T3-L1 cells and in the physical properties of the 3D spheroids; these effects were substantially inhibited by BRI, and the effects induced by BRI or KD025 were not insignificant. These collective findings indicate that the addition of BRI inhibited the Rip-induced enhancement of DIF+ in 3T3-L1 cells, presumably by modulating ROCK1 signaling.
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14
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Factors Associated with White Fat Browning: New Regulators of Lipid Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147641. [PMID: 35886989 PMCID: PMC9325132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian adipose tissue can be divided into white and brown adipose tissue based on its colour, location, and cellular structure. Certain conditions, such as sympathetic nerve excitement, can induce the white adipose adipocytes into a new type of adipocytes, known as beige adipocytes. The process, leading to the conversion of white adipocytes into beige adipocytes, is called white fat browning. The dynamic balance between white and beige adipocytes is closely related to the body’s metabolic homeostasis. Studying the signal transduction pathways of the white fat browning might provide novel ideas for the treatment of obesity and alleviation of obesity-related glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. This article aimed to provide an overview of recent advances in understanding white fat browning and the role of BAT in lipid metabolism.
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15
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Tao X, Du R, Guo S, Feng X, Yu T, OuYang Q, Chen Q, Fan X, Wang X, Guo C, Li X, Xue F, Chen S, Tong M, Lazarus M, Zuo S, Yu Y, Shen Y. PGE 2 -EP3 axis promotes brown adipose tissue formation through stabilization of WTAP RNA methyltransferase. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110439. [PMID: 35781818 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021110439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) functions as a thermogenic organ and is negatively associated with cardiometabolic diseases. N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A) modulation regulates the fate of stem cells. Here, we show that the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 )-E-prostanoid receptor 3 (EP3) axis was activated during mouse interscapular BAT development. Disruption of EP3 impaired the browning process during adipocyte differentiation from pre-adipocytes. Brown adipocyte-specific depletion of EP3 compromised interscapular BAT formation and aggravated high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in vivo. Mechanistically, activation of EP3 stabilized the Zfp410 mRNA via WTAP-mediated m6 A modification, while knockdown of Zfp410 abolished the EP3-induced enhancement of brown adipogenesis. EP3 prevented ubiquitin-mediated degradation of WTAP by eliminating PKA-mediated ERK1/2 inhibition during brown adipocyte differentiation. Ablation of WTAP in brown adipocytes abrogated the protective effect of EP3 overexpression in high-fat diet-fed mice. Inhibition of EP3 also retarded human embryonic stem cell differentiation into mature brown adipocytes by reducing the WTAP levels. Thus, a conserved PGE2 -EP3 axis promotes BAT development by stabilizing WTAP/Zfp410 signaling in a PKA/ERK1/2-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Tao
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ronglu Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shumin Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangling Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian OuYang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiaoli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xutong Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xueqi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Guo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaozhou Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengxia Xue
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minghan Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Michael Lazarus
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Japan
| | - Shengkai Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujun Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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16
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Liang X, Wang J, Liu Y, Wei L, Tian F, Sun J, Han G, Wang Y, Ding C, Guo Z. Polymorphisms of COX/PEG2 pathway-related genes are associated with the risk of lung cancer: A case–control study in China. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108763. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Prostacyclin (PGI2) scaffolds in medicinal chemistry: current and emerging drugs. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02914-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Nartey MNN, Jisaka M, Syeda PK, Nishimura K, Shimizu H, Yokota K. Prostaglandin D2 and its analog, 11d-11m-PGD2, added during the differentiation phase contribute to adipogenic program inhibition in 3T3-L1 cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:628-634. [DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
We previously reported that prostaglandin (PG)D2 and its isosteric analog, 11-deoxy-11-methylene-PGD2 (11d-11m-PGD2), promote adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells during the maturation phase. Focusing on the differentiation phase, although both PGs inhibited adipogenesis, this effect was canceled out by PGI2 and PGJ2 derivatives. Thus, PGD2 and 11d-11m-PGD2 play different roles during the phases, but do not affect PGI2- and PGJ2-derivative-induced adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N N Nartey
- The , 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori , Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University , 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori , Japan
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Animal Research Institute , Achimota, Accra , Ghana
| | - Mitsuo Jisaka
- The , 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori , Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University , 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori , Japan
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University , 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane , Japan
- Project Center for Fortification of Local Specialty Food Functions, Shimane University , 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane , Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University , 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane , Japan
| | - Pinky Karim Syeda
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University , 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane , Japan
| | - Kohji Nishimura
- The , 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori , Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University , 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori , Japan
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University , 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane , Japan
- Project Center for Fortification of Local Specialty Food Functions, Shimane University , 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane , Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University , 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane , Japan
- Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University , 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane , Japan
- Raman Project Center for Medical and Biological Applications, Shimane University , 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane , Japan
| | - Hidehisa Shimizu
- The , 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori , Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University , 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori , Japan
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University , 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane , Japan
- Project Center for Fortification of Local Specialty Food Functions, Shimane University , 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane , Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University , 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane , Japan
- Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University , 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane , Japan
- Raman Project Center for Medical and Biological Applications, Shimane University , 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane , Japan
- Estuary Research Center, Shimane University , 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane , Japan
| | - Kazushige Yokota
- The , 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori , Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University , 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori , Japan
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University , 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane , Japan
- Project Center for Fortification of Local Specialty Food Functions, Shimane University , 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane , Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University , 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane , Japan
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Florian M, Li B, Patry D, Truong J, Caldwell D, Coughlan MC, Woodworth R, Yan J, Chen Q, Petrov I, Mahemuti L, Lalande M, Li N, Chan LHM, Willmore WG, Jin X. Interplay of Obesity, Ethanol, and Contaminant Mixture on Clinical Profiles of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases: Evidence from an Animal Study. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:558-578. [PMID: 35429258 PMCID: PMC9107407 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-022-09738-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, ethanol, and contaminants are known risk factors of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases (CMD). However, their interplay on clinical profiles of these diseases remains unclear, and thus were investigated in this study. Male lean or obese JCR rats were given water or 10% ethanol and orally treated with or without a contaminant mixture (CM) dissolved in corn oil and loaded on two cookies at 0, 1.6, or 16 mg/kg BW/day dose levels for 4 weeks. The CM consisted 22 environmental contaminants found in human blood or serum of Northern populations. Over 60 parameters related to CMD were examined. The results revealed that obesity in JCR rats resembles the clinical profiles of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in humans. Obesity was also associated with increased serum and organ retention of mercury, one of the chemical components of CM. Exposure to ethanol lightened hyperlipidemia, increased liver retention of mercury, and increased risk for hypertension in the obese rats. CM lessened hyperlipidemia and hyperenzymemia, worsened systemic inflammation and increased the risk for hypertension in the obese rats. CM markedly increased serum ethanol levels with or without ethanol exposure. Tissue total mercury contents significantly correlated with clinical parameters with altered profiles by both ethanol and obesity. These results suggest that obese individuals may be more prone to contaminant accumulation. Ethanol and CM exposure can alter clinical profiles associated with obesity, which may lead to misdiagnosis of CMD associated with obesity. CM can alter endogenous production and/or metabolism of ethanol, further complicating disease progression, diagnosis, and treatment.
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20
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Luk C, Haywood NJ, Bridge KI, Kearney MT. Paracrine Role of the Endothelium in Metabolic Homeostasis in Health and Nutrient Excess. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:882923. [PMID: 35557517 PMCID: PMC9086712 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.882923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium traditionally viewed as a simple physical barrier between the circulation and tissue is now well-established as a key organ mediating whole organism homeostasis by release of a portfolio of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory vasoactive molecules. Healthy endothelium releases anti-inflammatory signaling molecules such as nitric oxide and prostacyclin; in contrast, diseased endothelium secretes pro-inflammatory signals such as reactive oxygen species, endothelin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα). Endothelial dysfunction, which has now been identified as a hallmark of different components of the cardiometabolic syndrome including obesity, type 2 diabetes and hypertension, initiates and drives the progression of tissue damage in these disorders. Recently it has become apparent that, in addition to vasoactive molecules, the vascular endothelium has the potential to secrete a diverse range of small molecules and proteins mediating metabolic processes in adipose tissue (AT), liver, skeletal muscle and the pancreas. AT plays a pivotal role in orchestrating whole-body energy homeostasis and AT dysfunction, characterized by local and systemic inflammation, is central to the metabolic complications of obesity. Thus, understanding and targeting the crosstalk between the endothelium and AT may generate novel therapeutic opportunities for the cardiometabolic syndrome. Here, we provide an overview of the role of the endothelial secretome in controlling the function of AT. The endothelial-derived metabolic regulatory factors are grouped and discussed based on their physical properties and their downstream signaling effects. In addition, we focus on the therapeutic potential of these regulatory factors in treating cardiometabolic syndrome, and discuss areas of future study of potential translatable and clinical significance. The vascular endothelium is emerging as an important paracrine/endocrine organ that secretes regulatory factors in response to nutritional and environmental cues. Endothelial dysfunction may result in imbalanced secretion of these regulatory factors and contribute to the progression of AT and whole body metabolic dysfunction. As the vascular endothelium is the first responder to local nutritional changes and adipocyte-derived signals, future work elucidating the changes in the endothelial secretome is crucial to improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of cardiometabolic disease, and in aiding our development of new therapeutic strategies to treat and prevent cardiometabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheukyau Luk
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie J Haywood
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine I Bridge
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Mark T Kearney
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Trusov NV, Apryatin SA, Shipelin VA, Shumakova AA, Gmoshinski IV, Nikityuk DB, Tutelyan VA. Effect of Administration of Carnitine, Resveratrol, and Aromatic Amino Acids with High-Fat-High-Fructose Diet on Gene Expression in Liver of Rats: Full Transcriptome Analysis. RUSS J GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795421100136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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A Metalloproteinase Induces an Inflammatory Response in Preadipocytes with the Activation of COX Signalling Pathways and Participation of Endogenous Phospholipases A 2. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070921. [PMID: 34206390 PMCID: PMC8301905 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes that have been associated with the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases and obesity. Adipose tissue in turn is an active endocrine organ capable of secreting a range of proinflammatory mediators with autocrine and paracrine properties, which contribute to the inflammation of adipose tissue and adjacent tissues. However, the potential inflammatory effects of MMPs in adipose tissue cells are still unknown. This study investigates the effects of BmooMPα-I, a single-domain snake venom metalloproteinase (SVMP), in activating an inflammatory response by 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in culture, focusing on prostaglandins (PGs), cytokines, and adipocytokines biosynthesis and mechanisms involved in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release. The results show that BmooMPα-I induced the release of PGE2, prostaglandin I2 (PGI2), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and adiponectin by preadipocytes. BmooMPα-I-induced PGE2 biosynthesis was dependent on group-IIA-secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA), cytosolic phospholipase A2-α (cPLA2-α), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and -2 pathways. Moreover, BmooMPα-I upregulated COX-2 protein expression but not microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) expression. In addition, we demonstrate that the enzymatic activity of BmooMPα-I is essential for the activation of prostanoid synthesis pathways in preadipocytes. These data highlight preadipocytes as important targets for metalloproteinases and provide new insights into the contribution of these enzymes to the inflammation of adipose tissue and tissues adjacent to it.
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Stochmal A, Czuwara J, Zaremba M, Rudnicka L. Epoprostenol up-regulates serum adiponectin level in patients with systemic sclerosis: therapeutic implications. Arch Dermatol Res 2021; 313:783-791. [PMID: 33433715 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-020-02172-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adiponectin, resistin and leptin belong to adipokines, a group of molecules secreted mainly by the adipose tissue, which impaired expression may be a missing link between various manifestations of systemic sclerosis. Adiponectin, which is also released in small amounts by the endothelium, possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and protective against endothelial injury properties. Both leptin and resistin exhibit features which are contradictory to adiponectin, as they trigger inflammation and the activation of skin fibroblasts. Epoprostenol is a prostaglandin analogue with powerful vasodilator activity and inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether epoprostenol may have an effect on serum adipokine levels in patients with systemic sclerosis. METHODS A total of 27 patients were included in the study and received epoprostenol intravenously (25 µg of per day for 3 consecutive days). Serum concentrations of total adiponectin, resistin and leptin were assessed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent essay (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA). RESULTS In all SSc patients, the basal level of adiponectin was significantly lower compared to healthy controls (mean 6.00 [Formula: see text] 2.81 μg/ml vs. 8.8 [Formula: see text] 4.3 μg/ml, p = 0.02) and basal level of resistin (mean 11.12 [Formula: see text] 3.36 ng/ml vs. 8.54 [Formula: see text] 3.07 ng/ml p = 0.02) was significantly higher than in the control group. The serum concentration of adiponectin increased significantly after treatment with epoprostenol (6.00 [Formula: see text] 2.81 μg/ml vs 9.29 [Formula: see text] 6.05 μg/ml; P = 0.002). The level of resistin and leptin remained unchanged. CONCLUSION Epoprostenol infusions up-regulate the serum concentration of adiponectin in patients with systemic sclerosis. In our opinion, future studies on treatments in systemic sclerosis should address the issue of their effect on adipokine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stochmal
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Czuwara
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Zaremba
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Rudnicka
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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Riederer M, Wallner M, Schweighofer N, Fuchs-Neuhold B, Rath A, Berghold A, Eberhard K, Groselj-Strele A, Staubmann W, Peterseil M, Waldner I, Mayr JA, Rothe M, Holasek S, Maunz S, Pail E, van der Kleyn M. Distinct maternal amino acids and oxylipins predict infant fat mass and fat-free mass indices. Arch Physiol Biochem 2020; 129:563-574. [PMID: 33283558 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1846204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Interested in maternal determinants of infant fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI), considered as predictors for later development of obesity, we analysed amino acids (AA) and oxylipins in maternal serum and breast milk (BM). FMI and FFMI were calculated in 47 term infants aged 4 months (T4). Serum AA were analysed in pregnancy (T1, T2) and 6-8 weeks postpartum (T3). At T3, AA and oxylipins were analysed in BM. Biomarker-index-associations were identified by regression analysis. Infant FMI (4.1 ± 1.31 kg/m2; MW ± SD) was predicted by T2 proline (R2 adj.: 7.6%, p = .036) and T3 BM 11-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic-acid (11-HETE) and 13-hydroxy-docosahexaenoic-acid (13-HDHA; together:35.5% R2 adj., p < .001). Maternal peripartum antibiotics (AB) emerged as confounders (+AB: 23.5% higher FMI; p = .025). Infant FFMI (12.1 ± 1.19 kg/m2; MW ± SD) was predicted by histidine (R2 adj.: 14.5%, p < .001) and 17-HDHA (BM, R2 adj.:19.3%, p < .001), determined at T3. Confirmed in a larger cohort, the parameters could elucidate connections between maternal metabolic status, nutrition, and infant body development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Riederer
- Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Applied Sciences JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria
| | - Marlies Wallner
- Institute of Dietetics and Nutrition, Health Perception Lab, University of Applied Sciences JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Bianca Fuchs-Neuhold
- Institute of Dietetics and Nutrition, Health Perception Lab, University of Applied Sciences JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Rath
- Institute of Midwifery, University of Applied Sciences JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Berghold
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Eberhard
- Core Facility Computational Bioanalytics, Center for Medical Research (ZMF), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Groselj-Strele
- Core Facility Computational Bioanalytics, Center for Medical Research (ZMF), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Staubmann
- Institute of Dietetics and Nutrition, Health Perception Lab, University of Applied Sciences JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria
| | - Marie Peterseil
- Institute of Dietetics and Nutrition, Health Perception Lab, University of Applied Sciences JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria
| | - Irmgard Waldner
- Institute of Midwifery, University of Applied Sciences JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes A Mayr
- University Clinic for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Sandra Holasek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Susanne Maunz
- Institute of Dietetics and Nutrition, Health Perception Lab, University of Applied Sciences JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Pail
- Institute of Dietetics and Nutrition, Health Perception Lab, University of Applied Sciences JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria
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A Representative GIIA Phospholipase A 2 Activates Preadipocytes to Produce Inflammatory Mediators Implicated in Obesity Development. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121593. [PMID: 33255269 PMCID: PMC7760919 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue secretes proinflammatory mediators which promote systemic and adipose tissue inflammation seen in obesity. Group IIA (GIIA)-secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) enzymes are found to be elevated in plasma and adipose tissue from obese patients and are active during inflammation, generating proinflammatory mediators, including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). PGE2 exerts anti-lipolytic actions and increases triacylglycerol levels in adipose tissue. However, the inflammatory actions of GIIA sPLA2s in adipose tissue cells and mechanisms leading to increased PGE2 levels in these cells are unclear. This study investigates the ability of a representative GIIA sPLA2, MT-III, to activate proinflammatory responses in preadipocytes, focusing on the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, adipocytokines and mechanisms involved in these effects. Our results showed that MT-III induced biosynthesis of PGE2, PGI2, MCP-1, IL-6 and gene expression of leptin and adiponectin in preadipocytes. The MT-III-induced PGE2 biosynthesis was dependent on cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2)-α, cyclooxygenases (COX)-1 and COX-2 pathways and regulated by a positive loop via the EP4 receptor. Moreover, MT-III upregulated COX-2 and microsomal prostaglandin synthase (mPGES)-1 protein expression. MCP-1 biosynthesis induced by MT-III was dependent on the EP4 receptor, while IL-6 biosynthesis was dependent on EP3 receptor engagement by PGE2. These data highlight preadipocytes as targets for GIIA sPLA2s and provide insight into the roles played by this group of sPLA2s in obesity.
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Abstract
This review concentrates on success stories from the synthesis of approved medicines and drug candidates using epoxide chemistry in the development of robust and efficient syntheses at large scale. The focus is on those parts of each synthesis related to the substrate-controlled/diastereoselective and catalytic asymmetric synthesis of epoxide intermediates and their subsequent ring-opening reactions with various nucleophiles. These are described in the form of case studies of high profile pharmaceuticals spanning a diverse range of indications and molecular scaffolds such as heterocycles, terpenes, steroids, peptidomimetics, alkaloids and main stream small molecules. Representative examples include, but are not limited to the antihypertensive diltiazem, the antidepressant reboxetine, the HIV protease inhibitors atazanavir and indinavir, efinaconazole and related triazole antifungals, tasimelteon for sleep disorders, the anticancer agent carfilzomib, the anticoagulant rivaroxaban the antibiotic linezolid and the antiviral oseltamivir. Emphasis is given on aspects of catalytic asymmetric epoxidation employing metals with chiral ligands particularly with the Sharpless and Jacobsen–Katsuki methods as well as organocatalysts such as the chiral ketones of Shi and Yang, Pages’s chiral iminium salts and typical chiral phase transfer agents.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW It has been increasingly common to use adipose tissue for regenerative and reconstructive purposes. Applications of autologous fat transfer and different stem cell therapies have significant limitations and adipose tissue engineering may have the potential to be an important strategy in the reconstruction of large tissue defects. A better understanding of adipogenesis will help to develop strategies to make adipose tissue more effective for repairing volumetric defects. RECENT FINDINGS We provide an overview of the current applications of adipose tissue transfer and cellular therapy methods for soft tissue reconstruction, cellular physiology, and factors influencing adipogenesis, and adipose tissue engineering. Furthermore, we discuss mechanical properties and vascularization strategies of engineered adipose tissue, and its potential applications in the clinical settings. SUMMARY Autologous fat tissue transfer is the standard of care technique for the majority of surgeons; however, high resorption rates, poor perfusion within a large volume fat graft and widely inconsistent graft survival are the main limitations. Adipose tissue engineering is a promising field to reach the first goal of producing adipose tissue which has more predictable survival and higher graft retention rates. Advancements of scaffold and vascularization strategies will contribute to metabolically and functionally more relevant adipose tissue engineering.
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Amorim NRT, Souza-Almeida G, Luna-Gomes T, Bozza PT, Canetti C, Diaz BL, Maya-Monteiro CM, Bandeira-Melo C. Leptin Elicits In Vivo Eosinophil Migration and Activation: Key Role of Mast Cell-Derived PGD 2. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:572113. [PMID: 33117286 PMCID: PMC7551309 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.572113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are key regulators of adipose tissue homeostasis, thus characterization of adipose tissue-related molecular factors capable of regulating eosinophil activity is of great interest. Leptin is known to directly activate eosinophils in vitro, but leptin ability of inducing in vivo eosinophilic inflammatory response remains elusive. Here, we show that leptin elicits eosinophil influx as well as its activation, characterized by increased lipid body biogenesis and LTC4 synthesis. Such leptin-triggered eosinophilic inflammatory response was shown to be dependent on activation of the mTOR signaling pathway, since it was (i) inhibited by rapamycin pre-treatment and (ii) reduced in PI3K-deficient mice. Local infiltration of activated eosinophils within leptin-driven inflammatory site was preceded by increased levels of classical mast cell-derived molecules, including TNFα, CCL5 (RANTES), and PGD2. Thus, mice were pre-treated with a mast cell degranulating agent compound 48/80 which was capable to impair leptin-induced PGD2 release, as well as eosinophil recruitment and activation. In agreement with an indirect mast cell-driven phenomenon, eosinophil accumulation induced by leptin was abolished in TNFR-1 deficient and also in HQL-79-pretreated mice, but not in mice pretreated with neutralizing antibodies against CCL5, indicating that both typical mast cell-driven signals TNFα and PGD2, but not CCL5, contribute to leptin-induced eosinophil influx. Distinctly, leptin-induced eosinophil lipid body (lipid droplet) assembly and LTC4 synthesis appears to depend on both PGD2 and CCL5, since both HQL-79 and anti-CCL5 treatments were able to inhibit these eosinophil activation markers. Altogether, our data show that leptin triggers eosinophilic inflammation in vivo via an indirect mechanism dependent on activation of resident mast cell secretory activity and mediation by TNFα, CCL5, and specially PGD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália R. T. Amorim
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Souza-Almeida
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunoinflamação, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Luna-Gomes
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Instituto de Aplicação Fernando Rodrigues da Silveira, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia T. Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudio Canetti
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno L. Diaz
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Clarissa M. Maya-Monteiro
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Christianne Bandeira-Melo, ; Clarissa M. Maya-Monteiro,
| | - Christianne Bandeira-Melo
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Christianne Bandeira-Melo, ; Clarissa M. Maya-Monteiro,
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Martinez CS, Piagette JT, Escobar AG, Martín Á, Palacios R, Peçanha FM, Vassallo DV, Exley C, Alonso MJ, Salaices M, Miguel M, Wiggers GA. Egg White Hydrolysate: A new putative agent to prevent vascular dysfunction in rats following long-term exposure to aluminum. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 133:110799. [PMID: 31493463 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is toxic for humans and animals. Here, we have tested the potential for Egg White Hydrolysate (EWH) to protect against cardiovascular changes in rats exposed to both high and low dietary levels of Al. Indeed, EWH has been previously shown to improve cardio metabolic dysfunctions induced by chronic exposure to heavy metals. Male Wistar rats received orally: Group 1) Low aluminum level (AlCl3 at a dose of 8.3 mg/kg b.w. during 60 days) with or without EWH treatment (1 g/kg/day); Group 2) High aluminum level (AlCl3 at a dose of 100 mg/kg b.w. during 42 days) with or without EWH treatment. After Al treatment, rats co-treated with EWH did not show vascular dysfunction or increased blood pressure as was observed in non EWH-cotreated animals. Indeed, co-treatment with EWH prevented the following effects observed in both aorta and mesenteric arteries: the increased vascular responses to phenylephrine (Phe), the decreased ACh-induced relaxation, the reduction on endothelial modulation of vasoconstrictor responses and the nitric oxide bioavailability, as well as the increased reactive oxygen species production from NAD(P)H oxidase. Altogether, our results suggest that EWH could be used as a protective agent against the harmful vascular effects after long term exposure to Al.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Silveira Martinez
- Cardiovascular Physiology Research Group, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472 - Km 592 - PO box 118, 97500-970, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Janaina Trindade Piagette
- Cardiovascular Physiology Research Group, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472 - Km 592 - PO box 118, 97500-970, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alyne Gourlart Escobar
- Cardiovascular Physiology Research Group, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472 - Km 592 - PO box 118, 97500-970, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ángela Martín
- Department of Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avda. de Atenas s/n, Alcorcón, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz, Spain and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Palacios
- Department of Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avda. de Atenas s/n, Alcorcón, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz, Spain and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Franck Maciel Peçanha
- Cardiovascular Physiology Research Group, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472 - Km 592 - PO box 118, 97500-970, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Dalton Valentim Vassallo
- Departments of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo and School of Medicine of Santa Casa de Misericórdia (EMESCAM), Av. Marechal Campos 1468, 29040-090, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Christopher Exley
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - María Jesús Alonso
- Department of Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avda. de Atenas s/n, Alcorcón, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz, Spain and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Salaices
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz, Spain and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Miguel
- Instituto de Investigación, Hospital La Paz, Spain; Bioactivity and Food Analysis Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Giulia Alessandra Wiggers
- Cardiovascular Physiology Research Group, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472 - Km 592 - PO box 118, 97500-970, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Jaimes L, Vinet R, Knox M, Morales B, Benites J, Laurido C, Martínez JL. A Review of the Actions of Endogenous and Exogenous Vasoactive Substances during the Estrous Cycle and Pregnancy in Rats. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E288. [PMID: 31146394 PMCID: PMC6617363 DOI: 10.3390/ani9060288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelium plays a key role in regulating cardiovascular homeostasis by controlling the vascular tone. Variations in sex hormones during the reproductive cycle of females affect the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system. Also, the evidence shows that estrogens show a cardioprotective effect. On this basis, this study describes some vascular responses induced by vasoactive substances during the estrous cycle in rats. We obtained the information available on this topic from the online databases that included scientific articles published in the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scielo. Many investigations have evaluated the vasoactive response of substances such as acetylcholine and norepinephrine during the estrous cycle. In this review, we specifically described the vascular response to vasoactive substances in rats during the estrous cycle, pregnancy, and in ovariectomized rats. In addition, we discussed the existence of different signaling pathways that modulate vascular function. The knowledge of these effects is relevant for the optimization and development of new treatments for some vascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisauris Jaimes
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University de Santiago de Chile, Estación Central 9160020, Chile; (L.J.); (B.M.)
| | - Raúl Vinet
- CMBi, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (R.V.); (M.K.)
- Regional Centre for Studies in Food and Health (CREAS, Grant R17A10001), Valparaíso 2362696, Chile
| | - Marcela Knox
- CMBi, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (R.V.); (M.K.)
| | - Bernardo Morales
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University de Santiago de Chile, Estación Central 9160020, Chile; (L.J.); (B.M.)
| | - Julio Benites
- Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique 1100000, Chile;
| | - Claudio Laurido
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University de Santiago de Chile, Estación Central 9160020, Chile; (L.J.); (B.M.)
| | - José L. Martínez
- Vice Chancellor of Investigation, Development and Innovation, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Estación Central 9160020, Chile
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