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Li Y, Dong T, Wan S, Xiong R, Jin S, Dai Y, Guan C. Application of multi-omics techniques to androgenetic alopecia: Current status and perspectives. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:2623-2636. [PMID: 39021583 PMCID: PMC11253216 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid advancement of sequencing technologies has enabled the generation of vast datasets, allowing for the in-depth analysis of sequencing data. This analysis has facilitated the validation of novel pathogenesis hypotheses for understanding and treating diseases through ex vivo and in vivo experiments. Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), a common hair loss disorder, has been a key focus of investigators attempting to uncover its underlying mechanisms. Abnormal changes in mRNA, proteins, and metabolites have been identified in individuals with AGA, and future developments in sequencing technologies may reveal new biomarkers for AGA. By integrating multiple omics analysis datasets such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics-along with clinical phenotype data-we can achieve a comprehensive understanding of the molecular underpinnings of AGA. This review summarizes the data-mining studies conducted on various omics analysis datasets as related to AGA that have been adopted to interpret the biological data obtained from different omics layers. We herein discuss the challenges of integrative omics analyses, and suggest that collaborative multi-omics studies can enhance the understanding of the complete pathomechanism(s) of AGA by focusing on the interaction networks comprising DNA, RNA, proteins, and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Li
- Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Tingru Dong
- Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Sheng Wan
- Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Renxue Xiong
- Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Shiyu Jin
- Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yeqin Dai
- Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Cuiping Guan
- Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310009, China
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Wu T, Hu Y, Tang LV. Gene therapy for polygenic or complex diseases. Biomark Res 2024; 12:99. [PMID: 39232780 PMCID: PMC11375922 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00618-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy utilizes nucleic acid drugs to treat diseases, encompassing gene supplementation, gene replacement, gene silencing, and gene editing. It represents a distinct therapeutic approach from traditional medications and introduces novel strategies for genetic disorders. Over the past two decades, significant advancements have been made in the field of gene therapy, leading to the approval of various gene therapy drugs. Gene therapy was initially employed for treating genetic diseases and cancers, particularly monogenic conditions classified as orphan diseases due to their low prevalence rates; however, polygenic or complex diseases exhibit higher incidence rates within populations. Extensive research on the etiology of polygenic diseases has unveiled new therapeutic targets that offer fresh opportunities for their treatment. Building upon the progress achieved in gene therapy for monogenic diseases and cancers, extending its application to polygenic or complex diseases would enable targeting a broader range of patient populations. This review aims to discuss the strategies of gene therapy, methods of gene editing (mainly CRISPR-CAS9), and carriers utilized in gene therapy, and highlight the applications of gene therapy in polygenic or complex diseases focused on applications that have either entered clinical stages or are currently undergoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapies of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapies of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.
| | - Liang V Tang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapies of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.
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Chopra A, Bhuvanagiri G, Natu K, Chopra A. Role of CRISPR-Cas systems in periodontal disease pathogenesis and potential for periodontal therapy: A review. Mol Oral Microbiol 2024. [PMID: 39224035 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) are DNA sequences capable of editing a host genome sequence. CRISPR and its specific CRISPR-associated (Cas) protein complexes have been adapted for various applications. These include activating or inhibiting specific genetic sequences or acting as molecular scissors to cut and modify the host DNA precisely. CRISPR-Cas systems are also naturally present in many oral bacteria, where they aid in nutrition, biofilm formation, inter- and intraspecies communication (quorum sensing), horizontal gene transfer, virulence, inflammation modulation, coinfection, and immune response evasion. It even functions as an adaptive immune system, defending microbes against invading viruses and foreign genetic elements from other bacteria by targeting and degrading their DNA. Recently, CRISPR-Cas systems have been tested as molecular editing tools to manipulate specific genes linked with periodontal disease (such as periodontitis) and as novel methods of delivering antimicrobial agents to overcome antimicrobial resistance. With the rapidly increasing role of CRISPR in treating inflammatory diseases, its application in periodontal disease is also becoming popular. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the different types of CRISPR-Cas in oral microbes and their role in periodontal disease pathogenesis and precision periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Chopra
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Geeta Bhuvanagiri
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Kshitija Natu
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Avneesh Chopra
- Department of Periodontology, Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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4
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Du Q, Zhang Z, Yang W, Zhou X, Zhou N, Wu C, Bao J. CBGDA: a manually curated resource for gene-disease associations based on genome-wide CRISPR. Database (Oxford) 2024; 2024:baae077. [PMID: 39213392 PMCID: PMC11363955 DOI: 10.1093/database/baae077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The field of understanding the association between genes and diseases is rapidly expanding, making it challenging for researchers to keep up with the influx of new publications and genetic datasets. Fortunately, there are now several regularly updated databases available that focus on cataloging gene-disease relationships. The development of the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 system has revolutionized the field of gene editing, providing a highly efficient, accurate, and reliable method for exploring gene-disease associations. However, currently, there is no resource specifically dedicated to collecting and integrating the latest experimentally supported gene-disease association data derived from genome-wide CRISPR screening. To address this gap, we have developed the CRISPR-Based Gene-Disease Associations (CBGDA) database, which includes over 200 manually curated gene-disease association data derived from genome-wide CRISPR screening studies. Through CBGDA, users can explore gene-disease association data derived from genome-wide CRISPR screening, gaining insights into the expression patterns of genes in different diseases, associated chemical data, and variant information. This provides a novel perspective on understanding the associations between genes and diseases. What is more, CBGDA integrates data from several other databases and resources, enhancing its comprehensiveness and utility. In summary, CBGDA offers a fresh perspective and comprehensive insights into the research on gene-disease associations. It fills the gap by providing a dedicated resource for accessing up-to-date, experimentally supported gene-disease association data derived from genome-wide CRISPR screening. Database URL: http://cbgda.zhounan.org/main.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Du
- Key Laboratory of the State Ministry of Education for Bio-Resources and Ecologic Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Rd, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the State Ministry of Education for Bio-Resources and Ecologic Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Rd, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Wanyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of the State Ministry of Education for Bio-Resources and Ecologic Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Rd, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xunyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the State Ministry of Education for Bio-Resources and Ecologic Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Rd, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Research Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 36 Mingxin Rd, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Chuanfang Wu
- Key Laboratory of the State Ministry of Education for Bio-Resources and Ecologic Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Rd, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jinku Bao
- Key Laboratory of the State Ministry of Education for Bio-Resources and Ecologic Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Rd, Chengdu 610064, China
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Irfan M, Majeed H, Iftikhar T, Ravi PK. A review on molecular scissoring with CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae105. [PMID: 39006883 PMCID: PMC11240166 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Genome editing is a technology to make specific changes in the DNA of a cell or an organism. It has significantly altered the landscape of life sciences, facilitating the establishment of exceedingly customized genetic modifications. Among various genome editing technologies, the CRISPR/Cas9 system, a specific endonuclease induces a double stranded DNA break and enabling modifications to the genome, has surfaced as a formidable and adaptable instrument. Its significance cannot be overstated, as it not only allows for the manipulation of genomes in model organisms but also holds great potential for revolutionary advances in medicine, particularly in treating genetic diseases. This review paper explores the remarkable journey of CRISPR/Cas9, its natural function, mechanisms, and transformative impact on genome editing and finally the use of artificial intelligence and other intelligent manufacturing tools used. The introduction provides the background on genome editing, emphasizing the emergence and significance of CRISPR/Cas9. Subsequent sections comprehensively elucidate its natural function, disease modeling, agriculture, and biotechnology, address therapeutic applications, and ongoing clinical trials while also discussing prospects and ethical implications. We summarized the key findings, indicating that CRISPR/Cas9 has empowered the creation of disease-specific animal models. This provides invaluable insights into pathogenic mechanisms and opens new avenues for drug discovery, reaffirming the transformative impact of CRISPR/Cas9 on genome editing. Finally we discussed the importance of continued research and collaboration for comprehensive utilization of the inherent capabilities of this molecular precision tool in shaping forthcoming advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muskan Irfan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore, Sialkot Campus, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Majeed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore, Sialkot Campus, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Tehreema Iftikhar
- Applied Botany Lab, Department of Botany, Government College University, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Pritam Kumar Ravi
- Computer Applications Department, Ganesh Lal Agarwal College, Nilamber-Pitamber University, Jharkhand, 822101, India
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Liu Y, Wang D, Luan Y, Tao B, Li Q, Feng Q, Zhou H, Mu J, Yu J. The application of organoids in colorectal diseases. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1412489. [PMID: 38983913 PMCID: PMC11231380 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1412489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal organoids are a three-dimensional cell culture model derived from colon or pluripotent stem cells. Intestinal organoids constructed in vitro strongly mimic the colon epithelium in cell composition, tissue architecture, and specific functions, replicating the colon epithelium in an in vitro culture environment. As an emerging biomedical technology, organoid technology has unique advantages over traditional two-dimensional culture in preserving parental gene expression and mutation, cell function, and biological characteristics. It has shown great potential in the research and treatment of colorectal diseases. Organoid technology has been widely applied in research on colorectal topics, including intestinal tumors, inflammatory bowel disease, infectious diarrhea, and intestinal injury regeneration. This review focuses on the application of organoid technology in colorectal diseases, including the basic principles and preparation methods of organoids, and explores the pathogenesis of and personalized treatment plans for various colorectal diseases to provide a valuable reference for organoid technology development and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Liu
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanhong Luan
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Boqiang Tao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qirong Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hengzong Zhou
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianfeng Mu
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinhai Yu
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Sarangi P, Kumar N, Sambasivan R, Ramalingam S, Amit S, Chandra D, Jayandharan GR. AAV mediated genome engineering with a bypass coagulation factor alleviates the bleeding phenotype in a murine model of hemophilia B. Thromb Res 2024; 238:151-160. [PMID: 38718473 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2024.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
It is crucial to develop a long-term therapy that targets hemophilia A and B, including inhibitor-positive patients. We have developed an Adeno-associated virus (AAV) based strategy to integrate the bypass coagulation factor, activated FVII (murine, mFVIIa) gene into the Rosa26 locus using Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 mediated gene-editing. AAV vectors designed for expression of guide RNA (AAV8-gRNA), Cas9 (AAV2 neddylation mutant-Cas9), and mFVIIa (AAV8-mFVIIa) flanked by homology arms of the target locus were validated in vitro. Hemophilia B mice were administered with AAV carrying gRNA, Cas9 (1 × 1011 vgs/mouse), and mFVIIa with homology arms (2 × 1011 vgs/mouse) with appropriate controls. Functional rescue was documented with suitable coagulation assays at various time points. The data from the T7 endonuclease assay revealed a cleavage efficiency of 20-42 %. Further, DNA sequencing confirmed the targeted integration of mFVIIa into the safe-harbor Rosa26 locus. The prothrombin time (PT) assay revealed a significant reduction in PT in mice that received the gene-editing vectors (22 %), and a 13 % decline in mice that received only the AAV-FVIIa when compared to mock treated mice, 8 weeks after vector administration. Furthermore, FVIIa activity in mice that received triple gene-editing vectors was higher (122.5mIU/mL vs 28.8mIU/mL) than the mock group up to 15 weeks post vector administration. A hemostatic challenge by tail clip assay revealed that hemophilia B mice injected with only FVIIa or the gene-editing vectors had significant reduction in blood loss. In conclusion, AAV based gene-editing facilitates sustained expression of coagulation FVIIa and phenotypic rescue in hemophilia B mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiksha Sarangi
- Laurus Center for Gene Therapy, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering and Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine and Gangwal School of Medical Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, UP, India
| | - Narendra Kumar
- Laurus Center for Gene Therapy, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering and Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine and Gangwal School of Medical Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, UP, India
| | - Ramkumar Sambasivan
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Sonal Amit
- Autonomous State Medical College, Kumbhi, Akbarpur, Kanpur, UP, India
| | - Dinesh Chandra
- Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Giridhara R Jayandharan
- Laurus Center for Gene Therapy, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering and Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine and Gangwal School of Medical Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, UP, India.
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8
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Xiurong D, Xin Z, Neng Y, Li D, Yanzhou W, Kaijian L, Zhiqing L. Genetically engineered mouse model of HPV16 E6-E7 with vaginal-cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and decreased immunity. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29881. [PMID: 38765051 PMCID: PMC11096975 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To construct models of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection with precancerous lesions or cervical cancer and explore the immune function. Methods Using CRISPR/Cas9, the expression vector HPV16-E6-E7-Rosa26 was microinjected into fertilized eggs of C57BL/6 N mice using homologous recombination, and the F0 generation was obtained for reproduction. Then, the formation of precancerous lesions was promoted via intramuscular injection of estradiol. Presence of precancerous cervical-vaginal intraepithelial lesions, Ki67 and p16 expression levels, and CD8+ T cell proportions in the spleen were evaluated. Results Two F0 generation mice exhibited correct the homologous recombination. Seven positive mice were identified in the F1 generation. After breeding and mating, 25 homozygous and 11 heterozygous HPV16-E6-E7-engineered mice were obtained from the F2 generation. After estradiol benzoate treatment, the cervical-vaginal epithelium appeared as precancerous lesions with positive Ki67 and p16 expression. The percentage of CD8+ T cells decreased. Conclusion HPV16-E6-E7-Rosa26 induced low immune function in mice, and provides a good model for the basic research of the mechanisms of action of HPV infection-associated precancerous lesions or cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Xiurong
- The Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital of the Third Military Medical University (The first Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhou Xin
- The Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital of the Third Military Medical University (The first Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yang Neng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital of the Third Military Medical University (The first Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Deng Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital of the Third Military Medical University (The first Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wang Yanzhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital of the Third Military Medical University (The first Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ling Kaijian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital of the Third Military Medical University (The first Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Liang Zhiqing
- The Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital of the Third Military Medical University (The first Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
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Kataria S, Patel U, Yabut K, Patel J, Patel R, Patel S, Wijaya JH, Maniyar P, Karki Y, Makrani MP, Viswanath O, Kaye AD. Recent Advances in Management of Neuropathic, Nociceptive, and Chronic Pain: A Narrative Review with Focus on Nanomedicine, Gene Therapy, Stem Cell Therapy, and Newer Therapeutic Options. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2024; 28:321-333. [PMID: 38386244 PMCID: PMC11126447 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-024-01227-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This manuscript summarizes novel clinical and interventional approaches in the management of chronic, nociceptive, and neuropathic pain. RECENT FINDINGS Pain can be defined as a feeling of physical or emotional distress caused by an external stimulus. Pain can be grouped into distinct types according to characteristics including neuropathic pain, which is a pain caused by disease or lesion in the sensory nervous system; nociceptive pain, which is pain that can be sharp, aching, or throbbing and is caused by injury to bodily tissues; and chronic pain, which is long lasting or persisting beyond 6 months. With improved understanding of different signaling systems for pain in recent years, there has been an upscale of methods of analgesia to counteract these pathological processes. Novel treatment methods such as use of cannabinoids, stem cells, gene therapy, nanoparticles, monoclonal antibodies, and platelet-rich plasma have played a significant role in improved strategies for therapeutic interventions. Although many management options appear to be promising, extensive additional clinical research is warranted to determine best practice strategies in the future for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Kataria
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
- LSU Health Science Center at Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71104, USA.
| | | | - Kevin Yabut
- Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Jayshil Patel
- Benchmark Physical Therapy, Upstream Rehabilitation, Knoxville, TN, 37920, USA
| | - Rajkumar Patel
- GMERS Medical College, Gotri, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390021, India
| | - Savan Patel
- Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, Gujarat, 388325, India
| | | | - Pankti Maniyar
- GMERS Medical College, Gotri, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390021, India
| | - Yukti Karki
- Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, 44600, Nepal
| | - Moinulhaq P Makrani
- Department of Pharmacology, Parul Institute of Medical Science and Research, Waghodia, Gujarat, 291760, India
| | - Omar Viswanath
- Department of Anesthesiology and Interventional Pain, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Alan D Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology and Interventional Pain, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
- Louisiana Addiction Research Center, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
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10
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Zeng J, Liang X, Duan L, Tan F, Chen L, Qu J, Li J, Li K, Luo D, Hu Z. Targeted disruption of the BCR-ABL fusion gene by Cas9/dual-sgRNA inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:525-537. [PMID: 38414349 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The BCR-ABL fusion gene, formed by the fusion of the breakpoint cluster region protein ( BCR) and the Abl Oncogene 1, Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ( ABL) genes, encodes the BCR-ABL oncoprotein, which plays a crucial role in leukemogenesis. Current therapies have limited efficacy in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) because of drug resistance or disease relapse. Identification of novel strategies to treat CML is essential. This study aims to explore the efficiency of novel CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)/dual-single guide RNA (sgRNA)-mediated disruption of the BCR-ABL fusion gene by targeting BCR and cABL introns. A co-expression vector for Cas9 green fluorescent protein (GFP)/dual-BA-sgRNA targeting BCR and cABL introns is constructed to produce lentivirus to affect BCR-ABL expression in CML cells. The effects of dual-sgRNA virus-mediated disruption of BCR-ABL are analyzed via the use of a genomic sequence and at the protein expression level. Cell proliferation, cell clonogenic ability, and cell apoptosis are assessed after dual sgRNA virus infection, and phosphorylated BCR-ABL and its downstream signaling molecules are detected. These effects are further confirmed in a CML mouse model via tail vein injection of Cas9-GFP/dual-BA-sgRNA virus-infected cells and in primary cells isolated from patients with CML. Cas9-GFP/dual-BA-sgRNA efficiently disrupts BCR-ABL at the genomic sequence and gene expression levels in leukemia cells, leading to blockade of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase signaling pathway and disruption of its downstream molecules, followed by cell proliferation inhibition and cell apoptosis induction. This method prolongs the lifespan of CML model mice. Furthermore, the effect is confirmed in primary cells derived from patients with CML.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Humans
- Mice
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Genes, abl
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/therapy
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcr/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcr/metabolism
- RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianling Zeng
- Translational Medicine Institute, the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Chenzhou 423000, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Xinquan Liang
- Translational Medicine Institute, the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Chenzhou 423000, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Lili Duan
- Translational Medicine Institute, the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Chenzhou 423000, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Fenghua Tan
- Translational Medicine Institute, the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Chenzhou 423000, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Liujie Chen
- Translational Medicine Institute, the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Chenzhou 423000, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Jiayao Qu
- Translational Medicine Institute, the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Jia Li
- Translational Medicine Institute, the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Chenzhou 423000, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Kai Li
- Translational Medicine Institute, the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Chenzhou 423000, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Dixian Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital), Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Translational Medicine Institute, the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Chenzhou 423000, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-through Molecular Diagnosis Technology, the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou 423000, China
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11
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Yan S, He Y, Zhu Y, Ye W, Chen Y, Zhu C, Zhan F, Ma Z. Human patient derived organoids: an emerging precision medicine model for gastrointestinal cancer research. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1384450. [PMID: 38638528 PMCID: PMC11024315 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1384450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers account for approximately one-third of the total global cancer incidence and mortality with a poor prognosis. It is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Most of these diseases lack effective treatment, occurring as a result of inappropriate models to develop safe and potent therapies. As a novel preclinical model, tumor patient-derived organoids (PDOs), can be established from patients' tumor tissue and cultured in the laboratory in 3D architectures. This 3D model can not only highly simulate and preserve key biological characteristics of the source tumor tissue in vitro but also reproduce the in vivo tumor microenvironment through co-culture. Our review provided an overview of the different in vitro models in current tumor research, the derivation of cells in PDO models, and the application of PDO model technology in gastrointestinal cancers, particularly the applications in combination with CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, tumor microenvironment simulation, drug screening, drug development, and personalized medicine. It also elucidates the ethical status quo of organoid research and the current challenges encountered in clinical research, and offers a forward-looking assessment of the potential paths for clinical organoid research advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Yan
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- School of Basic Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan He
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- School of Basic Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuehong Zhu
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- School of Basic Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wangfang Ye
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- School of Basic Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou, China
| | - Cong Zhu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou, China
| | - Fuyuan Zhan
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- School of Basic Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Ma
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- School of Basic Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Cooper JN, Mittal J, Sangadi A, Klassen DL, King AM, Zalta M, Mittal R, Eshraghi AA. Landscape of NRXN1 Gene Variants in Phenotypic Manifestations of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2067. [PMID: 38610832 PMCID: PMC11012327 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13072067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social communication challenges and repetitive behaviors. Recent research has increasingly focused on the genetic underpinnings of ASD, with the Neurexin 1 (NRXN1) gene emerging as a key player. This comprehensive systematic review elucidates the contribution of NRXN1 gene variants in the pathophysiology of ASD. Methods: The protocol for this systematic review was designed a priori and was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42023450418). A risk of bias analysis was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool. We examined various studies that link NRXN1 gene disruptions with ASD, discussing both the genotypic variability and the resulting phenotypic expressions. Results: Within this review, there was marked heterogeneity observed in ASD genotypic and phenotypic manifestations among individuals with NRXN1 mutations. The presence of NRXN1 mutations in this population emphasizes the gene's role in synaptic function and neural connectivity. Conclusion: This review not only highlights the role of NRXN1 in the pathophysiology of ASD but also highlights the need for further research to unravel the complex genetic underpinnings of the disorder. A better knowledge about the multifaceted role of NRXN1 in ASD can provide crucial insights into the neurobiological foundations of autism and pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimee N. Cooper
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (J.N.C.); (J.M.); (A.S.); (D.L.K.); (A.M.K.); (M.Z.); (R.M.)
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Jeenu Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (J.N.C.); (J.M.); (A.S.); (D.L.K.); (A.M.K.); (M.Z.); (R.M.)
| | - Akhila Sangadi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (J.N.C.); (J.M.); (A.S.); (D.L.K.); (A.M.K.); (M.Z.); (R.M.)
| | - Delany L. Klassen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (J.N.C.); (J.M.); (A.S.); (D.L.K.); (A.M.K.); (M.Z.); (R.M.)
| | - Ava M. King
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (J.N.C.); (J.M.); (A.S.); (D.L.K.); (A.M.K.); (M.Z.); (R.M.)
| | - Max Zalta
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (J.N.C.); (J.M.); (A.S.); (D.L.K.); (A.M.K.); (M.Z.); (R.M.)
| | - Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (J.N.C.); (J.M.); (A.S.); (D.L.K.); (A.M.K.); (M.Z.); (R.M.)
| | - Adrien A. Eshraghi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (J.N.C.); (J.M.); (A.S.); (D.L.K.); (A.M.K.); (M.Z.); (R.M.)
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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13
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Vlashi R, Zhang X, Li H, Chen G. Potential therapeutic strategies for osteoarthritis via CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene editing. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024; 25:339-367. [PMID: 38055160 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09860-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an incapacitating and one of the most common physically degenerative conditions with an assorted etiology and a highly complicated molecular mechanism that to date lacks an efficient treatment. The capacity to design biological networks and accurately modify existing genomic sites holds an apt potential for applications across medical and biotechnological sciences. One of these highly specific genomes editing technologies is the CRISPR/Cas9 mechanism, referred to as the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, which is a defense mechanism constituted by CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) directed by small non-coding RNAs (sncRNA) that bind to target DNA through Watson-Crick base pairing rules where subsequent repair of the target DNA is initiated. Up-to-date research has established the effectiveness of the CRISPR/Cas9 mechanism in targeting the genetic and epigenetic alterations in OA by suppressing or deleting gene expressions and eventually distributing distinctive anti-arthritic properties in both in vitro and in vivo osteoarthritic models. This review aims to epitomize the role of this high-throughput and multiplexed gene editing method as an analogous therapeutic strategy that could greatly facilitate the clinical development of OA-related treatments since it's reportedly an easy, minimally invasive technique, and a comparatively less painful method for osteoarthritic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rexhina Vlashi
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xingen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Surgery in Orthopaedics & Skeletal Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Haibo Li
- The Central Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, China.
- Ningbo Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Embryogenic Diseases, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, China.
| | - Guiqian Chen
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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14
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Ahmad F, Karan A, Sharma R, Sharma NS, Sundar V, Jayaraj R, Mukherjee S, DeCoster MA. Evolving therapeutic interventions for the management and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102229. [PMID: 38364913 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients experience diverse symptoms, including memory loss, cognitive impairment, behavioral abnormalities, mood changes, and mental issues. The fundamental objective of this review is to discuss novel therapeutic approaches, with special emphasis on recently approved marketed formulations for the treatment of AD, especially Aducanumab, the first FDA approved moiety that surpasses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and reduces amyloid plaques in the brain, thereby reducing associated cognitive decline. However, it is still in the phase IV trial and is to be completed by 2030. Other drugs such as lecanemab are also under clinical trial and has recently been approved by the FDA and is also discussed here. In this review, we also focus on active and passive immunotherapy for AD as well as several vaccines, such as amyloid-beta epitope-based vaccines, amyloid-beta DNA vaccines, and stem cell therapy for AD, which are in clinical trials. Furthermore, ongoing pre-clinical trials associated with AD and other novel strategies such as curcumin-loaded nanoparticles, Crispr/ cas9, precision medicine, as well as some emerging therapies like anti-sense therapy are also highlighted. Additionally, we discuss some off-labeled drugs like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), anti-diabetic drugs, and lithium, which can manage symptoms of AD and different non-pharmacological approaches are also covered which can help to manage AD. In summary, we have tried to cover all the therapeutic interventions which are available for the treatment and management of AD under sections approved, clinical phase, pre-clinical phase or futuristic interventions, off-labelled drugs, and non-pharmacological interventions for AD, offering positive findings and well as challenges that remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Ahmad
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard University, Delhi, India
| | - Anik Karan
- Department of Mechanical and Bioengineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
| | - Rashi Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Bawana, Delhi, India
| | - Navatha Shree Sharma
- Department of Surgery Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Vaishnavi Sundar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Richard Jayaraj
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Sudip Mukherjee
- Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology- Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mark A DeCoster
- Cellular Neuroscience Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Science, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA; Cellular Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute for Micromanufacturing, College of Engineering and Science, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA.
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15
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Puccetti M, Pariano M, Schoubben A, Giovagnoli S, Ricci M. Biologics, theranostics, and personalized medicine in drug delivery systems. Pharmacol Res 2024; 201:107086. [PMID: 38295917 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The progress in human disease treatment can be greatly advanced through the implementation of nanomedicine. This approach involves targeted and cell-specific therapy, controlled drug release, personalized dosage forms, wearable drug delivery, and companion diagnostics. By integrating cutting-edge technologies with drug delivery systems, greater precision can be achieved at the tissue and cellular levels through the use of stimuli-responsive nanoparticles, and the development of electrochemical sensor systems. This precision targeting - by virtue of nanotechnology - allows for therapy to be directed specifically to affected tissues while greatly reducing side effects on healthy tissues. As such, nanomedicine has the potential to transform the treatment of conditions such as cancer, genetic diseases, and chronic illnesses by facilitating precise and cell-specific drug delivery. Additionally, personalized dosage forms and wearable devices offer the ability to tailor treatment to the unique needs of each patient, thereby increasing therapeutic effectiveness and compliance. Companion diagnostics further enable efficient monitoring of treatment response, enabling customized adjustments to the treatment plan. The question of whether all the potential therapeutic approaches outlined here are viable alternatives to current treatments is also discussed. In general, the application of nanotechnology in the field of biomedicine may provide a strong alternative to existing treatments for several reasons. In this review, we aim to present evidence that, although in early stages, fully merging advanced technology with innovative drug delivery shows promise for successful implementation across various disease areas, including cancer and genetic or chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Puccetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy,.
| | | | | | | | - Maurizio Ricci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy,.
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16
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Li Y, Zhou S, Wu Q, Gong C. CRISPR/Cas gene editing and delivery systems for cancer therapy. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1938. [PMID: 38456346 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas systems stand out because of simplicity, efficiency, and other superiorities, thus becoming attractive and brilliant gene-editing tools in biomedical field including cancer therapy. CRISPR/Cas systems bring promises for cancer therapy through manipulating and engineering on tumor cells or immune cells. However, there have been concerns about how to overcome the numerous physiological barriers and deliver CRISPR components to target cells efficiently and accurately. In this review, we introduced the mechanisms of CRISPR/Cas systems, summarized the current delivery strategies of CRISPR/Cas systems by physical methods, viral vectors, and nonviral vectors, and presented the current application of CRISPR/Cas systems in cancer clinical treatment. Furthermore, we discussed prospects related to delivery approaches of CRISPR/Cas systems. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyao Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinjie Wu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Changyang Gong
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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17
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Collotta D, Bertocchi I, Chiapello E, Collino M. Antisense oligonucleotides: a novel Frontier in pharmacological strategy. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1304342. [PMID: 38044945 PMCID: PMC10690781 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1304342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are short single stranded synthetic RNA or DNA molecules, whereas double-stranded RNA nucleotide sequences are called small interfering RNA (siRNA). ASOs bind to complementary nucleic acid sequences impacting the associated functions of the targeted nucleic acids. They represent an emerging class of drugs that, through a revolutionary mechanism of action, aim to directly regulate disease-causing genes and their variants, providing an alternative tool to traditional "protein-specific" therapies. The majority of the ASOs are designed to treat orphan genetic disorders that in most of the cases are seriously disabling and still lacking an adequate therapy. In order to translate ASOs into clinical success, constant technological advances have been instrumental in overcoming several pharmacological, toxicological and formulation limitations. Accordingly, chemical structures have been recently implemented and new bio-conjugation and nanocarriers formulation strategies explored. The aim of this work is to offer an overview of the antisense technology with a comparative analysis of the oligonucleotides approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA).
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Collotta
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - I. Bertocchi
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - E. Chiapello
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - M. Collino
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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18
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Preta G. Development of New Genome Editing Tools for the Treatment of Hyperlipidemia. Cells 2023; 12:2466. [PMID: 37887310 PMCID: PMC10605581 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a medical condition characterized by high levels of lipids in the blood. It is often associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks and strokes. Traditional treatment approaches for hyperlipidemia involve lifestyle modifications, dietary changes, and the use of medications like statins. Recent advancements in genome editing technologies, including CRISPR-Cas9, have opened up new possibilities for the treatment of this condition. This review provides a general overview of the main target genes involved in lipid metabolism and highlights the progress made during recent years towards the development of new treatments for dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Preta
- VU LSC-EMBL Partnership Institute for Genome Editing Technologies, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Science Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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19
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Pal P, Anand U, Saha SC, Sundaramurthy S, Okeke ES, Kumar M, Radha, Bontempi E, Albertini E, Dey A, Di Maria F. Novel CRISPR/Cas technology in the realm of algal bloom biomonitoring: Recent trends and future perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:115989. [PMID: 37119838 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In conjunction with global climate change, progressive ocean warming, and acclivity in pollution and anthropogenic eutrophication, the incidence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) and cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CHABs) continue to expand in distribution, frequency, and magnitude. Algal bloom-related toxins have been implicated in human health disorders and ecological dysfunction and are detrimental to the national and global economy. Biomonitoring programs based on traditional monitoring protocols were characterised by some limitations that can be efficiently overdone using the CRISPR/Cas technology. In the present review, the potential and challenges of exploiting the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-Cas technology for early detection of HABs and CHABs-associated toxigenic species were analysed. Based on more than 30 scientific papers, the main results indicate the great potential of CRISPR/Cas technology for this issue, even if the high sensitivity detected for the Cas12 and Cas13 platforms represents a possible interference risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pracheta Pal
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000, Israel
| | - Suchismita Chatterjee Saha
- Department of Zoology, Nabadwip Vidyasagar College (affiliated to the University of Kalyani), Nabadwip, West Bengal, 741302, India
| | - Suresh Sundaramurthy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, 462003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Emmanuel Sunday Okeke
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences & Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria; Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR - Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Radha
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Emidio Albertini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India.
| | - Francesco Di Maria
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti 93, 06125, Perugia, Italy.
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20
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Xue W, Li T, Gu Y, Li S, Xia N. Molecular engineering tools for the development of vaccines against infectious diseases: current status and future directions. Expert Rev Vaccines 2023. [PMID: 37339445 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2227699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The escalating global changes have fostered conditions for the expansion and transmission of diverse biological factors, leading to the rise of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases. Complex viral infections, such as COVID-19, influenza, HIV, and Ebola, continue to surface, necessitating the development of effective vaccine technologies. AREAS COVERED This review article highlights recent advancements in molecular biology, virology, and genomics that have propelled the design and development of innovative molecular tools. These tools have promoted new vaccine research platforms and directly improved vaccine efficacy. The review summarizes the cutting-edge molecular engineering tools used in creating novel vaccines and explores the rapidly expanding molecular tools landscape and potential directions for future vaccine development. EXPERT OPINION The strategic application of advanced molecular engineering tools can address conventional vaccine limitations, enhance the overall efficacy of vaccine products, promote diversification in vaccine platforms, and form the foundation for future vaccine development. Prioritizing safety considerations of these novel molecular tools during vaccine development is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiang an Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiang an Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
| | - Ying Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiang an Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
| | - Shaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiang an Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiang an Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
- The Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen, China
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21
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Li Y, Nguyen JT, Ammanamanchi M, Zhou Z, Harbut EF, Mondaza-Hernandez JL, Meyer CA, Moura DS, Martin-Broto J, Hayenga HN, Bleris L. Reduction of Tumor Growth with RNA-Targeting Treatment of the NAB2-STAT6 Fusion Transcript in Solitary Fibrous Tumor Models. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3127. [PMID: 37370737 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare soft-tissue sarcoma. This nonhereditary cancer is the result of an environmental intrachromosomal gene fusion between NAB2 and STAT6 on chromosome 12, which fuses the activation domain of STAT6 with the repression domain of NAB2. Currently there is not an approved chemotherapy regimen for SFTs. The best response on available pharmaceuticals is a partial response or stable disease for several months. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential of RNA-based therapies for the treatment of SFTs. Specifically, in vitro SFT cell models were engineered to harbor the characteristic NAB2-STAT6 fusion using the CRISPR/SpCas9 system. Cell migration as well as multiple cancer-related signaling pathways were increased in the engineered cells as compared to the fusion-absent parent cells. The SFT cell models were then used for evaluating the targeting efficacies of NAB2-STAT6 fusion-specific antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and CRISPR/CasRx systems. Our results showed that fusion specific ASO treatments caused a 58% reduction in expression of fusion transcripts and a 22% reduction in cell proliferation after 72 h in vitro. Similarly, the AAV2-mediated CRISPR/CasRx system led to a 59% reduction in fusion transcript expressions in vitro, and a 55% reduction in xenograft growth after 29 days ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - John T Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | | | - Zikun Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Elijah F Harbut
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Jose L Mondaza-Hernandez
- Health Research Institute Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (IIS/FJD-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- University Hospital General de Villalba, 28400 Madrid, Spain
| | - Clark A Meyer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - David S Moura
- Health Research Institute Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (IIS/FJD-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martin-Broto
- Health Research Institute Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (IIS/FJD-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- University Hospital General de Villalba, 28400 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Fundación Jimenez Diaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Heather N Hayenga
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Leonidas Bleris
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
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22
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Cheng L, Lan L, Ramalingam M, He J, Yang Y, Gao M, Shi Z. A review of current effective COVID-19 testing methods and quality control. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:239. [PMID: 37195393 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a highly infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which primarily affects the respiratory system and can lead to severe illness. The virus is extremely contagious, early and accurate diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial to contain its spread, to provide prompt treatment, and to prevent complications. Currently, the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is considered to be the gold standard for detecting COVID-19 in its early stages. In addition, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LMAP), clustering rule interval short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay (GICA), computed tomography (CT), and electrochemical sensors are also common tests. However, these different methods vary greatly in terms of their detection efficiency, specificity, accuracy, sensitivity, cost, and throughput. Besides, most of the current detection methods are conducted in central hospitals and laboratories, which is a great challenge for remote and underdeveloped areas. Therefore, it is essential to review the advantages and disadvantages of different COVID-19 detection methods, as well as the technology that can enhance detection efficiency and improve detection quality in greater details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Cheng
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
| | - Liang Lan
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Murugan Ramalingam
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Jianrong He
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Yimin Yang
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Min Gao
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Zheng Shi
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
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23
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Meng X, Wu T, Lou Q, Niu K, Jiang L, Xiao Q, Xu T, Zhang L. Optimization of CRISPR-Cas system for clinical cancer therapy. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10474. [PMID: 36925702 PMCID: PMC10013785 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a genetic disease caused by alterations in genome and epigenome and is one of the leading causes for death worldwide. The exploration of disease development and therapeutic strategies at the genetic level have become the key to the treatment of cancer and other genetic diseases. The functional analysis of genes and mutations has been slow and laborious. Therefore, there is an urgent need for alternative approaches to improve the current status of cancer research. Gene editing technologies provide technical support for efficient gene disruption and modification in vivo and in vitro, in particular the use of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas systems. Currently, the applications of CRISPR-Cas systems in cancer rely on different Cas effector proteins and the design of guide RNAs. Furthermore, effective vector delivery must be met for the CRISPR-Cas systems to enter human clinical trials. In this review article, we describe the mechanism of the CRISPR-Cas systems and highlight the applications of class II Cas effector proteins. We also propose a synthetic biology approach to modify the CRISPR-Cas systems, and summarize various delivery approaches facilitating the clinical application of the CRISPR-Cas systems. By modifying the CRISPR-Cas system and optimizing its in vivo delivery, promising and effective treatments for cancers using the CRISPR-Cas system are emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Meng
- College & Hospital of StomatologyAnhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui ProvinceHefeiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Tian‐gang Wu
- College & Hospital of StomatologyAnhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui ProvinceHefeiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Qiu‐yue Lou
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionHefeiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Kai‐yuan Niu
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute (WHRI), Barts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of London (QMUL) Heart Centre (G23)LondonUK
- Department of OtolaryngologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Lei Jiang
- College & Hospital of StomatologyAnhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui ProvinceHefeiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Qing‐zhong Xiao
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute (WHRI), Barts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of London (QMUL) Heart Centre (G23)LondonUK
| | - Tao Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural ProductsAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui ProvinceHefeiChina
| | - Lei Zhang
- College & Hospital of StomatologyAnhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui ProvinceHefeiPeople's Republic of China
- Department of PeriodontologyAnhui Stomatology Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
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24
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Leal AF, Alméciga-Díaz CJ. Efficient CRISPR/Cas9 nickase-mediated genome editing in an in vitro model of mucopolysaccharidosis IVA. Gene Ther 2023; 30:107-114. [PMID: 35581402 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-022-00344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA (MPS IVA) is a lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) caused by mutations in gene encoding for GALNS enzyme. Lack of GALNS activity leads to the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) keratan sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate. Although enzyme replacement therapy has been approved since 2014 for MPS IVA, still there is an unmet medical need to have improved therapies for this disorder. CRISPR/Cas9-based gene therapy has been tested for several LSDs with encouraging findings, but to date it has not been assayed on MPS IVA. In this work, we validated for the first time the use of CRISPR/Cas9, using a Cas9 nickase, for the knock-in of an expression cassette containing GALNS cDNA in an in vitro model of MPS IVA. The results showed the successful homologous recombination of the expression cassette into the AAVS1 locus, as well as a long-term increase in GALNS activity reaching up to 40% of wild-type levels. We also observed normalization of lysosomal mass, total GAGs, and oxidative stress, which are some of the major findings regarding the pathophysiological events in MPS IVA. These results represent a proof-of-concept of the use of CRISPR/Cas9 nickase strategy for the development of a novel therapeutic alternative for MPS IVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Felipe Leal
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., 110231, Colombia
| | - Carlos Javier Alméciga-Díaz
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., 110231, Colombia.
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25
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Lee TM, Lin JY, Tsai TH, Yang RY, Ng IS. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology and genetic engineering strategies for microalgae towards carbon neutrality: A critical review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 368:128350. [PMID: 36414139 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide is the major greenhouse gas and regards as the critical issue of global warming and climate changes. The inconspicuous microalgae are responsible for 40% of carbon fixation among all photosynthetic plants along with a higher photosynthetic efficiency and convert the carbon into lipids, protein, pigments, and bioactive compounds. Genetic approach and metabolic engineering are applied to accelerate the growth rate and biomass of microalgae, hence achieve the mission of carbon neutrality. Meanwhile, CRISPR/Cas9 is efficiently to enhance the productivity of high-value compounds in microalgae for it is easier operation, more affordable and is able to regulate multiple genes simultaneously. The genetic engineering strategies provide the multidisciplinary concept to evolute and increase the CO2 fixation rate through Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle. Therefore, the technologies, bioinformatics tools, systematic engineering approaches for carbon neutrality and circular economy are summarized and leading one step closer to the decarbonization society in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tse-Min Lee
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Yi Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Yin Yang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - I-Son Ng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
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26
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Malla RR, Middela K. CRISPR-Based Approaches for Cancer Immunotherapy. Crit Rev Oncog 2023; 28:1-14. [PMID: 38050977 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2023048723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology is a powerful gene editing tool that has the potential to revolutionize cancer treatment. It allows for precise and efficient editing of specific genes that drive cancer growth and progression. CRISPR-based approaches gene knock-out, which deletes specific genes or sequences of DNA within a cancer cell, and gene knock-in, which inserts new sequences of DNA into a cancer cell to identify potential targets for cancer therapy. Further, genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9-based screens identify specific markers for diagnosis of cancers. Recently, immunotherapy has become a highly efficient strategy for the treatment of cancer. The use of CRISPR in cancer immunotherapy is focused on enhancing the function of T cells, making them more effective at attacking cancer cells and inactivating the immune evasion mechanisms of cancer cells. It has the potential to generate CAR-T cells, which are T cells that have been genetically engineered to target and attack cancer cells specifically. This review uncovers the latest developments in CRISPR-based gene editing strategies and delivery of their components in cancer cells. In addition, the applications of CRISPR in cancer immune therapy are discussed. Overall, this review helps to explore the potential of CRISPR-based strategies in cancer immune therapy in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Rao Malla
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, School of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam-530045, Andhra Pradesh, India; Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam-530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Keerthana Middela
- Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam-530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
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27
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Genome Editing to Abrogate Muscle Atrophy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1396:157-176. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-5642-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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28
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CRISPR/Cas9, a promising approach for the treatment of β-thalassemia: a systematic review. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:1-11. [PMID: 36403178 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01978-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 technique is easily programmable, fast, more powerful, and efficient at generating a mutation compared to previous gene therapy methods. β-thalassemia is the most common autosomal recessive disorder worldwide. Appropriate genomic changes in the β gene can be modified to alleviate the symptoms of the disease using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and SID databases were searched in Persian and English from February 2000 to September 2022. Finally, 39 articles had inclusion criteria which were reviewed by two separate individuals. Among the reviewed articles, articles were divided into three categories. In the first group, studies attemped to increase the expression of γ-globin and production of hemoglobin F. The strategy of second group of studies were the reduction of the α-globin chain to prevent hemolysis of RBCs by accumulation of excessive α-globins. The third group corrected the mutations causing β-thalassemia. Studies have shown that the genome of β-thalassemia patients can be modified using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique, and this approach might be promising for the treatment of β-thalassemia.
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29
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New Therapeutics for Extracellular Vesicles: Delivering CRISPR for Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415758. [PMID: 36555398 PMCID: PMC9779094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers are defined by genetic defects, which underlines the prospect of using gene therapy in patient care. During the past decade, CRISPR technology has rapidly evolved into a powerful gene editing tool with high fidelity and precision. However, one of the impediments slowing down the clinical translation of CRISPR-based gene therapy concerns the lack of ideal delivery vectors. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized membrane sacs naturally released from nearly all types of cells. Although EVs are secreted for bio-information conveyance among cells or tissues, they have been recognized as superior vectors for drug or gene delivery. Recently, emerging evidence has spotlighted EVs in CRISPR delivery towards cancer treatment. In this review, we briefly introduce the biology and function of the CRISPR system and follow this with a summary of current delivery methods for CRISPR applications. We emphasize the recent progress in EV-mediated CRISPR editing for various cancer types and target genes. The reported strategies for constructing EV-CRISPR vectors, as well as their limitations, are discussed in detail. The review aims to throw light on the clinical potential of engineered EVs and encourage the expansion of our available toolkit to defeat cancer.
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30
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Wei Y, Zhao Z, Ma X. Description of CRISPR-Cas9 development and its prospects in human papillomavirus-driven cancer treatment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1037124. [PMID: 36479105 PMCID: PMC9721393 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1037124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have been recognized as the etiologic agents of various cancers and are called HPV-driven cancers. Concerning HPV-mediated carcinogenic action, gene therapy can cure cancer at the molecular level by means of the correction of specific genes or sites. CRISPR-Cas9, as a novel genetic editing technique, can correct errors in the genome and change the gene expression and function in cells efficiently, quickly, and with relative ease. Herein, we overviewed studies of CRISPR-mediated gene remedies for HPV-driven cancers and summarized the potential applications of CRISPR-Cas9 in gene therapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Wei
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Xuelei Ma,
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31
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Godbout K, Tremblay JP. Delivery of RNAs to Specific Organs by Lipid Nanoparticles for Gene Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102129. [PMID: 36297564 PMCID: PMC9611171 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy holds great promise in the treatment of genetic diseases. It is now possible to make DNA modifications using the CRISPR system. However, a major problem remains: the delivery of these CRISPR-derived technologies to specific organs. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as a very promising delivery method. However, when delivering LNPs intravenously, most of the cargo is trapped by the liver. Alternatively, injecting them directly into organs, such as the brain, requires more invasive procedures. Therefore, developing more specific LNPs is crucial for their future clinical use. Modifying the composition of the lipids in the LNPs allows more specific deliveries of the LNPs to some organs. In this review, we have identified the most effective compositions and proportions of lipids for LNPs to target specific organs, such as the brain, lungs, muscles, heart, liver, spleen, and bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Godbout
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jacques P. Tremblay
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence:
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32
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Construction of TSC2 knockout cell line using CRISPR/Cas9 system and demonstration of its effects on NIH-3T3 cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2022; 80:681-687. [PMID: 36181622 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-022-01094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder involving multiple organ systems. TSC2 gene plays an important role in the development of TSC. The most common kidney manifestation of TSC is renal angiomyolipoma (RAML). TSC-RAML is more likely to be bilateral multiple tumors and tends to destroy the renal structure and damages renal function severely. As a result, patients with TSC-RAML often miss the opportunity for surgical treatment when TSC-RAML is diagnosed, causing difficulty in obtaining tumor specimens through surgery. Due to this difficulty, model cell lines must be constructed for scientific research. In this paper, TSC2 was knocked out in NIH-3T3 cell lines by CRISPR/Cas9 system. PCR, WB and mTOR inhibitor drug sensitivity test showed that the TSC2 knockout NIH-3T3 cells were successfully constructed. The ability of proliferation and invasion in TSC2 KO NIH-3T3 cells were higher than those in wild type group. The constructed KO cell line lay the foundation for further study of TSC.
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33
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Mapook A, Hyde KD, Hassan K, Kemkuignou BM, Čmoková A, Surup F, Kuhnert E, Paomephan P, Cheng T, de Hoog S, Song Y, Jayawardena RS, Al-Hatmi AMS, Mahmoudi T, Ponts N, Studt-Reinhold L, Richard-Forget F, Chethana KWT, Harishchandra DL, Mortimer PE, Li H, Lumyong S, Aiduang W, Kumla J, Suwannarach N, Bhunjun CS, Yu FM, Zhao Q, Schaefer D, Stadler M. Ten decadal advances in fungal biology leading towards human well-being. FUNGAL DIVERS 2022; 116:547-614. [PMID: 36123995 PMCID: PMC9476466 DOI: 10.1007/s13225-022-00510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Fungi are an understudied resource possessing huge potential for developing products that can greatly improve human well-being. In the current paper, we highlight some important discoveries and developments in applied mycology and interdisciplinary Life Science research. These examples concern recently introduced drugs for the treatment of infections and neurological diseases; application of -OMICS techniques and genetic tools in medical mycology and the regulation of mycotoxin production; as well as some highlights of mushroom cultivaton in Asia. Examples for new diagnostic tools in medical mycology and the exploitation of new candidates for therapeutic drugs, are also given. In addition, two entries illustrating the latest developments in the use of fungi for biodegradation and fungal biomaterial production are provided. Some other areas where there have been and/or will be significant developments are also included. It is our hope that this paper will help realise the importance of fungi as a potential industrial resource and see the next two decades bring forward many new fungal and fungus-derived products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ausana Mapook
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Innovative Institute of Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510225 China
| | - Khadija Hassan
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Brunswick, Germany
| | - Blondelle Matio Kemkuignou
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Brunswick, Germany
| | - Adéla Čmoková
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frank Surup
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Brunswick, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Brunswick, Germany
| | - Eric Kuhnert
- Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Institute for Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Pathompong Paomephan
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Brunswick, Germany
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Tian Cheng
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Brunswick, Germany
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sybren de Hoog
- Center of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center / Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Graduate Program, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Yinggai Song
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruvishika S. Jayawardena
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
| | - Abdullah M. S. Al-Hatmi
- Center of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center / Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Tokameh Mahmoudi
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Ponts
- INRAE, UR1264 Mycology and Food Safety (MycSA), 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Lena Studt-Reinhold
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Microbial Genetics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | | | - K. W. Thilini Chethana
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
| | - Dulanjalee L. Harishchandra
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097 China
| | - Peter E. Mortimer
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
- Centre for Mountain Futures (CMF), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Huili Li
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
- Centre for Mountain Futures (CMF), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Saisamorm Lumyong
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, 10300 Thailand
| | - Worawoot Aiduang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Jaturong Kumla
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Chitrabhanu S. Bhunjun
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
| | - Feng-Ming Yu
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Doug Schaefer
- Centre for Mountain Futures (CMF), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Marc Stadler
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Brunswick, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Brunswick, Germany
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Xiaoshuai L, Qiushi W, Rui W. Advantages of CRISPR-Cas9 combined organoid model in the study of congenital nervous system malformations. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:932936. [PMID: 36118578 PMCID: PMC9478582 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.932936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past 10 years, gene-editing and organoid culture have completely changed the process of biology. Congenital nervous system malformations are difficult to study due to their polygenic pathogenicity, the complexity of cellular and neural regions of the brain, and the dysregulation of specific neurodevelopmental processes in humans. Therefore, the combined application of CRISPR-Cas9 in organoid models may provide a technical platform for studying organ development and congenital diseases. Here, we first summarize the occurrence of congenital neurological malformations and discuss the different modeling methods of congenital nervous system malformations. After that, it focuses on using organoid to model congenital nervous system malformations. Then we summarized the application of CRISPR-Cas9 in the organoid platform to study the pathogenesis and treatment strategies of congenital nervous system malformations and finally looked forward to the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiaoshuai
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wang Qiushi
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wang Rui
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of China and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Wang Rui,
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Genetic insights, disease mechanisms, and biological therapeutics for Waardenburg syndrome. Gene Ther 2022; 29:479-497. [PMID: 33633356 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-021-00240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Waardenburg syndrome (WS), also known as auditory-pigmentary syndrome, is the most common cause of syndromic hearing loss (HL), which accounts for approximately 2-5% of all patients with congenital hearing loss. WS is classified into four subtypes depending on the clinical phenotypes. Currently, pathogenic mutations of PAX3, MITF, SOX10, EDN3, EDNRB or SNAI2 are associated with different subtypes of WS. Although supportive techniques like hearing aids, cochlear implants, or other assistive listening devices can alleviate the HL symptom, there is no cure for WS to date. Recently major progress has been achieved in preclinical studies of genetic HL in animal models, including gene delivery and stem cell replacement therapies. This review focuses on the current understandings of pathogenic mechanisms and potential biological therapeutic approaches for HL in WS, providing strategies and directions for implementing WS biological therapies, as well as possible problems to be faced, in the future.
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Naidoo P, Mkhize-Kwitshana ZL. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/ CRISPR associated protein 9-mediated editing of Schistosoma mansoni genes: Identifying genes for immunologically potent drug and vaccine development. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2022; 55:e0131. [PMID: 35976333 PMCID: PMC9405935 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0131-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a neglected acute and chronic tropical disease caused by intestinal (Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum) and urogenital (Schistosoma haematobium) helminth parasites (blood flukes or digenetic trematodes). It afflicts over 250 million people worldwide, the majority of whom reside in impoverished tropical and subtropical regions in sub-Saharan Africa. Schistosomiasis is the second most common devastating parasitic disease in the world after malaria and causes over 200,000 deaths annually. Currently, there is no effective and approved vaccine available for human use, and treatment strongly relies on praziquantel drug therapy, which is ineffective in killing immature larval schistosomula stages and eggs already lodged in the tissues. The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9)-mediated gene editing tool is used to deactivate a gene of interest to scrutinize its role in health and disease, and to identify genes for vaccine and drug targeting. The present review aims to summarize the major findings from the current literature reporting the usage of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing to inactivate genes in S. mansoni (acetylcholinesterase (AChE), T2 ribonuclease omega-1 (ω1), sulfotransferase oxamniquine resistance protein (SULT-OR), and α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (SmNAGAL)), and freshwater gastropod snails, Biomphalaria glabrata (allograft inflammatory factor (BgAIF)), an obligatory component of the life cycle of S. mansoni, to identify their roles in the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis, and to highlight the importance of such studies in identifying and developing drugs and vaccines with high therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragalathan Naidoo
- University of KwaZulu-Natal, College of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Division of Research Capacity Development, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Zilungile Lynette Mkhize-Kwitshana
- University of KwaZulu-Natal, College of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Division of Research Capacity Development, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
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Abstract
Gene therapy has started in the late 1980s as novel, clinically applicable therapeutic option. It revolutionized the treatment of genetic diseases with the initial intent to repair or replace defective genes. Gene therapy has been adapted for treatment of malignant diseases to improve the outcome of cancer patients. In fact, cancer gene therapy has rapidly gained great interest and evolved into a research field with highest proportion of research activities in gene therapy. In this context, cancer gene therapy has long entered translation into clinical trials and therefore more than two-thirds of all gene therapy trials worldwide are aiming at the treatment of cancer disease using different therapeutic strategies. During the decades in cancer gene therapy, tremendous knowledge has accumulated. This led to significant improvements in vector design, transgene repertoire, more targeted interventions, use of novel gene therapeutic technologies such as CRISPR/Cas, sleeping beauty vectors, and development of effective cancer immunogene therapies. In this chapter, a brief overview of current key developments in cancer gene therapy is provided to gain insights into the recent directions in research as well as in clinical application of cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Kobelt
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Deutsches Krebsforschungzentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jessica Pahle
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Walther
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Deutsches Krebsforschungzentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Doll B, De Castro MJ, Fries MH, Pock AR, Seibert D, Yang W. Precision Medicine-A Demand Signal for Genomics Education. Mil Med 2021; 187:40-46. [PMID: 34967402 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usab406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressed by the accumulating knowledge in genomics and the proven success of the translation of cancer genomics to clinical practice in oncology, the Obama administration unveiled a $215 million commitment for the Precision Medicine Initiative (PMI) in 2016, a pioneering research effort to improve health and treat disease using a new model of patient-powered research. The objectives of the initiative include more effective treatments for cancer and other diseases, creation of a voluntary national research cohort, adherence to privacy protections for maintaining data sharing and use, modernization of the regulatory framework, and forging public-private partnerships to facilitate these objectives. Specifically, the DoD Military Health System joined other agencies to execute a comprehensive effort for PMI. Of the many challenges to consider that may contribute to the implementation of genomics-lack of familiarity and understanding, poor access to genomic medicine expertise, needs for extensive informatics and infrastructure to integrate genomic results, privacy and security, and policy development to address the unique requirements of military medical practice-we will focus on the need to establish education in genomics appropriate to the provider's responsibilities. Our hypothesis is that there is a growing urgency for the development of educational experiences, formal and informal, to enable clinicians to acquire competency in genomics commensurate with their level of practice. Several educational approaches, both in practice and in development, are presented to inform decision-makers and empower military providers to pursue courses of action that respond to this need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Doll
- Office of the Vice President for Research, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | | | - Melissa H Fries
- Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Arnyce R Pock
- E. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Diane Seibert
- Daniel K Inouye Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Wendy Yang
- E. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of APOC3 stabilizes plasma lipids and inhibits atherosclerosis in rabbits. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:180. [PMID: 34922545 PMCID: PMC8684289 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01605-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High levels of apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) can lead to hypertriglyceridemia, which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. We aim to create APOC3-knockout (KO) rabbits and explore the effects of APOC3 deletion on the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. Methods An sgRNA anchored to exon 2 of APOC3 was designed to edit embryo genomes using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The founder rabbits were sequenced, and their lipid profile, inflammatory cytokines, and atherosclerotic plaques were analyzed. Results When given a normal chow (NC) diet, all APOC3-KO rabbits had 50% lower triglyceride (TG) levels than those of the matched age control group. Additionally, their plasma lipoprotein lipase increased. When fed a high-fat diet, APOC3 deficiency was observed to be more conducive to the maintenance of plasma TG, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and the inhibition of the inflammatory response and the protection against atherosclerosis in rabbits. Conclusion APOC3 deficiency can delay the formation of atherosclerosis-induced HFD in rabbits, indicating this is a novel therapeutic target to treat atherosclerosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-021-01605-7.
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Xie YX, Lv WQ, Chen YK, Hong S, Yao XP, Chen WJ, Zhao M. Advances in gene therapy for neurogenetic diseases: a brief review. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 100:385-394. [PMID: 34837498 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02167-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenetic diseases are neurological conditions with a genetic cause (s). There are thousands of neurogenetic diseases, and most of them are incurable. The development of bioinformatics and elucidation of the mechanism of pathogenesis have allowed the development of gene therapy approaches, which show great potential in treating neurogenetic diseases. Viral vectors delivery, antisense oligonucleotides, gene editing, RNA interference, and burgeoning viroid delivery technique are promising gene therapy strategies, and commendable therapeutic effects in the treatment of neurogenetic diseases have been achieved (Fig. 1). This review highlights a sampling of advances in gene therapies for neurogenetic disorders. Fig. 1 Examples of gene therapy strategies used in the treatment of neurogenetic diseases. The schematic diagram shows different gene therapy approaches used for treating a sampling of neurogenetic disorders, such as ASO therapy, gene editing, gene augmentation, and RNA interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Xuan Xie
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Wen-Qi Lv
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Yi-Kun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Shunyan Hong
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Xiang-Ping Yao
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Wan-Jin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Miao Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
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Ageely EA, Chilamkurthy R, Jana S, Abdullahu L, O'Reilly D, Jensik PJ, Damha MJ, Gagnon KT. Gene editing with CRISPR-Cas12a guides possessing ribose-modified pseudoknot handles. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6591. [PMID: 34782635 PMCID: PMC8593028 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26989-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas12a is a leading technology for development of model organisms, therapeutics, and diagnostics. These applications could benefit from chemical modifications that stabilize or tune enzyme properties. Here we chemically modify ribonucleotides of the AsCas12a CRISPR RNA 5' handle, a pseudoknot structure that mediates binding to Cas12a. Gene editing in human cells required retention of several native RNA residues corresponding to predicted 2'-hydroxyl contacts. Replacing these RNA residues with a variety of ribose-modified nucleotides revealed 2'-hydroxyl sensitivity. Modified 5' pseudoknots with as little as six out of nineteen RNA residues, with phosphorothioate linkages at remaining RNA positions, yielded heavily modified pseudoknots with robust cell-based editing. High trans activity was usually preserved with cis activity. We show that the 5' pseudoknot can tolerate near complete modification when design is guided by structural and chemical compatibility. Rules for modification of the 5' pseudoknot should accelerate therapeutic development and be valuable for CRISPR-Cas12a diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Ageely
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Ramadevi Chilamkurthy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Sunit Jana
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Daniel O'Reilly
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Philip J Jensik
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Masad J Damha
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Keith T Gagnon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA.
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42
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Yeh TK, Jean SS, Lee YL, Lu MC, Ko WC, Lin HJ, Liu PY, Hsueh PR. Bacteriophages and phage-delivered CRISPR-Cas system as antibacterial therapy. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2021; 59:106475. [PMID: 34767917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2021.106475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections in humans are increasing worldwide. The global spread of antimicrobial resistance poses a considerable threat to human health. Phage therapy is a promising approach to combat MDR bacteria. An increasing number of reports have been published on phage therapy and the successful application of antibacterials derived using this method. Additionally, the CRISPR-Cas system has been used to develop antimicrobials with bactericidal effects in vivo. The CRISPR-Cas system can be delivered into target bacteria in various ways, with phage-based vectors being reported as an effective method. In this review, we briefly summarise the results of randomised control trials on bacteriophage therapy. Moreover, we integrated mechanisms of the CRISPR-Cas system antimicrobials in a schematic diagram and consolidated the research on phage-delivered CRISPR-Cas system antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Kuang Yeh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shio-Shin Jean
- Department of Emergency, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chi Lu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Infection Control, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Ju Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Tachung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; PhD Programme for Aging, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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43
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Milavec M, Cleveland MH, Bae YK, Wielgosz RI, Vonsky M, Huggett JF. Metrological framework to support accurate, reliable, and reproducible nucleic acid measurements. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:791-806. [PMID: 34738220 PMCID: PMC8568362 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03712-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid analysis is used in many areas of life sciences such as medicine, food safety, and environmental monitoring. Accurate, reliable measurements of nucleic acids are crucial for maximum impact, yet users are often unaware of the global metrological infrastructure that exists to support these measurements. In this work, we describe international efforts to improve nucleic acid analysis, with a focus on the Nucleic Acid Analysis Working Group (NAWG) of the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance: Metrology in Chemistry and Biology (CCQM). The NAWG is an international group dedicated to improving the global comparability of nucleic acid measurements; its primary focus is to support the development and maintenance of measurement capabilities and the dissemination of measurement services from its members: the National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) and Designated Institutes (DIs). These NMIs and DIs provide DNA and RNA measurement services developed in response to the needs of their stakeholders. The NAWG members have conducted cutting edge work over the last 20 years, demonstrating the ability to support the reliability, comparability, and traceability of nucleic acid measurement results in a variety of sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojca Milavec
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Megan H Cleveland
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Young-Kyung Bae
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert I Wielgosz
- Bureau International Des Poids Et Mesures (BIPM), Pavillon de Breteuil, 92312, Sèvres Cedex, France
| | - Maxim Vonsky
- D.I. Mendeleev Institute for Metrology, Moskovsky pr., 19, Saint-Petersburg, 190005, Russian Federation
| | - Jim F Huggett
- National Measurement Laboratory (NML), LGC, Queens Road, Teddington, TW11 0LY, Middlesex, UK.,School of Biosciences & Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Science, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Jensen TL, Gøtzsche CR, Woldbye DPD. Current and Future Prospects for Gene Therapy for Rare Genetic Diseases Affecting the Brain and Spinal Cord. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:695937. [PMID: 34690692 PMCID: PMC8527017 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.695937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, gene therapy has been raising hopes toward viable treatment strategies for rare genetic diseases for which there has been almost exclusively supportive treatment. We here review this progress at the pre-clinical and clinical trial levels as well as market approvals within diseases that specifically affect the brain and spinal cord, including degenerative, developmental, lysosomal storage, and metabolic disorders. The field reached an unprecedented milestone when Zolgensma® (onasemnogene abeparvovec) was approved by the FDA and EMA for in vivo adeno-associated virus-mediated gene replacement therapy for spinal muscular atrophy. Shortly after EMA approved Libmeldy®, an ex vivo gene therapy with lentivirus vector-transduced autologous CD34-positive stem cells, for treatment of metachromatic leukodystrophy. These successes could be the first of many more new gene therapies in development that mostly target loss-of-function mutation diseases with gene replacement (e.g., Batten disease, mucopolysaccharidoses, gangliosidoses) or, less frequently, gain-of-toxic-function mutation diseases by gene therapeutic silencing of pathologic genes (e.g., amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease). In addition, the use of genome editing as a gene therapy is being explored for some diseases, but this has so far only reached clinical testing in the treatment of mucopolysaccharidoses. Based on the large number of planned, ongoing, and completed clinical trials for rare genetic central nervous system diseases, it can be expected that several novel gene therapies will be approved and become available within the near future. Essential for this to happen is the in depth characterization of short- and long-term effects, safety aspects, and pharmacodynamics of the applied gene therapy platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Leth Jensen
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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45
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Zhang S, Chen L, Zhang Y, Fang D. Alleviation of neurological disease by RNA editing. Methods 2021; 194:94-99. [PMID: 33933604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of CRISPR/Cas genome editing tools has revolutionized the life sciences by providing transformative applications in many biological fields, including the field of neurological disorders. Compared with previous CRISPR-Cas systems targeting DNA, a new field of RNA editing using CRISPR-Cas13 systems is gaining immense popularity. CRISPR-Cas13 is a robust, precise, versatile and safe RNA guided RNA-targeting system, which uniquely targets single-strand RNA. Recently, RNA-targeted gene editing tools have been refined by the introduction of an AAV (adeno-associated virus)-based CRISPR-Cas13 system for in vivo therapeutic cell fate conversion, which has been used to treat animal models of Parkinson's disease. This flavor of gene editing showed promising effects on glia-to-neuron conversion in both intact and damaged mature retinas in a mouse model. Herein, we summarize the CRISPR-Cas13 system and its potential for applications in neurological diseases, focusing on the method of applying the AAV-mediated CRISPR-Cas13 system to the conversion of glia-to-neuron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochong Zhang
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital affiliated to Jinan University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Lu Chen
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital affiliated to Jinan University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Yining Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Dong Fang
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital affiliated to Jinan University, Shenzhen, PR China.
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Lin J, Liu X, Lu Z, Huang S, Wu S, Yu W, Liu Y, Zheng X, Huang X, Sun Q, Qiao Y, Liu Z. Modeling a cataract disorder in mice with prime editing. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 25:494-501. [PMID: 34589272 PMCID: PMC8463286 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Prime editing enables efficient introduction of targeted transversions, insertions, and deletions in mammalian cells and several organisms. However, genetic disease models with base deletions by prime editing have not yet been reported in mice. Here, we successfully generate a mouse model with a cataract disorder through microinjection of prime editor 3 (PE3) plasmids to efficiently induce targeted single-base deletion. Notably, a generated mouse with a high G-deletion rate (38.2%) displays a nuclear cataract phenotype; the PE3-induced deletions in mutant mice achieve high rates of germline transmission to their progenies, with phenotypic inheritance of cataract. Our data propose that modeling a genetic disease with a single nucleotide deletion in mice can be achieved with prime genome editing in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiang Lin
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xingchen Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zongyang Lu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shisheng Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Susu Wu
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenxia Yu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaoguo Zheng
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xingxu Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yunbo Qiao
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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Yao S, Chen Z, Yu Y, Zhang N, Jiang H, Zhang G, Zhang Z, Zhang B. Current Pharmacological Strategies for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:689533. [PMID: 34490244 PMCID: PMC8417245 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.689533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal, X-linked neuromuscular disorder caused by the absence of dystrophin protein, which is essential for muscle fiber integrity. Loss of dystrophin protein leads to recurrent myofiber damage, chronic inflammation, progressive fibrosis, and dysfunction of muscle stem cells. There is still no cure for DMD so far and the standard of care is principally limited to symptom relief through glucocorticoids treatments. Current therapeutic strategies could be divided into two lines. Dystrophin-targeted therapeutic strategies that aim at restoring the expression and/or function of dystrophin, including gene-based, cell-based and protein replacement therapies. The other line of therapeutic strategies aims to improve muscle function and quality by targeting the downstream pathological changes, including inflammation, fibrosis, and muscle atrophy. This review introduces the important developments in these two lines of strategies, especially those that have entered the clinical phase and/or have great potential for clinical translation. The rationale and efficacy of each agent in pre-clinical or clinical studies are presented. Furthermore, a meta-analysis of gene profiling in DMD patients has been performed to understand the molecular mechanisms of DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Zihao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Hewen Jiang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ge Zhang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Zongkang Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Baoting Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Atkins A, Chung CH, Allen AG, Dampier W, Gurrola TE, Sariyer IK, Nonnemacher MR, Wigdahl B. Off-Target Analysis in Gene Editing and Applications for Clinical Translation of CRISPR/Cas9 in HIV-1 Therapy. Front Genome Ed 2021; 3:673022. [PMID: 34713260 PMCID: PMC8525399 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2021.673022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As genome-editing nucleases move toward broader clinical applications, the need to define the limits of their specificity and efficiency increases. A variety of approaches for nuclease cleavage detection have been developed, allowing a full-genome survey of the targeting landscape and the detection of a variety of repair outcomes for nuclease-induced double-strand breaks. Each approach has advantages and disadvantages relating to the means of target-site capture, target enrichment mechanism, cellular environment, false discovery, and validation of bona fide off-target cleavage sites in cells. This review examines the strengths, limitations, and origins of the different classes of off-target cleavage detection systems including anchored primer enrichment (GUIDE-seq), in situ detection (BLISS), in vitro selection libraries (CIRCLE-seq), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) (DISCOVER-Seq), translocation sequencing (LAM PCR HTGTS), and in vitro genomic DNA digestion (Digenome-seq and SITE-Seq). Emphasis is placed on the specific modifications that give rise to the enhanced performance of contemporary techniques over their predecessors and the comparative performance of techniques for different applications. The clinical relevance of these techniques is discussed in the context of assessing the safety of novel CRISPR/Cas9 HIV-1 curative strategies. With the recent success of HIV-1 and SIV-1 viral suppression in humanized mice and non-human primates, respectively, using CRISPR/Cas9, rigorous exploration of potential off-target effects is of critical importance. Such analyses would benefit from the application of the techniques discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Atkins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Cheng-Han Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Alexander G. Allen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Will Dampier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Theodore E. Gurrola
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ilker K. Sariyer
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurovirology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael R. Nonnemacher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Brian Wigdahl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States,*Correspondence: Brian Wigdahl
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Pan X, Pei X, Huang H, Su N, Wu Z, Wu Z, Qi X. One-in-one individual package and delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein using apoferritin. J Control Release 2021; 337:686-697. [PMID: 34389365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
So far, most reported delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 is achieved by internalized or encapsulated multiple ribonucleoprotein units into only one carrier unit, with relatively large size. Here, we report a novel, small-sized, individual package of CRISPR/Cas9, via using tetralysine modified H-chian apoferritin (TL-HFn) as packaging material. In this paper, each CRISPR/Cas9 complex is proved to be successfully installed into one TL-HFn (~26 nm), and delivered into the targeting cell via TfR1-mediated endocytosis. We found that after 6 h of treatment, the CRISPR/Cas9 complex can be tracked within the nuclear of Hela cells for the purpose of gene editing of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Moreover, TL-HFn individually packed CRISPR/Cas9 displayed higher genome editing activity compared with that of free CRISPR/Cas9 treated group both in vitro (up to 28.96%) and in vivo. Such satisfied genome editing efficiency could be attributed to the endosomal escape and pH-induced disassembly abilities given by TL-HFn after uptake into cytoplasm, which had been verified in our previous research. In all, those results prompted that TL-HFn possessed more potential for intracellular delivery of CRISPR/Cas9, with potential biocompatibility, stability and delivery efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Pan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Xiaochen Pei
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Haiqin Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Nan Su
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Ziheng Wu
- Parkville campus, Monash University, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Zhenghong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
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50
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Pradhan M, Shah K, Alexander A, Ajazuddin, Minz S, Singh MR, Singh D, Yadav K, Chauhan NS. COVID-19: clinical presentation and detection methods. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2021; 43:1951291. [PMID: 34355645 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2021.1951291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The unending outburst of COVID-19 has reinforced the necessity of SARS-CoV-2 identification approaches for the prevention of infection transmission and the proper care of severe and critical patients. As there is no cure, a prompt and reliable diagnosis of SARS-CoV2 is vital to counter the spread and to provide adequate care and treatment for the infection. Currently, RT-PCR is a gold standard detection method for the qualitative and quantitative detection of viral nucleic acids. Besides, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is also a primarily used method for qualitative estimation of viral load. However, almost all the detection methods have their pros and cons in terms of specificity, accuracy, sensitivity, cost, time consumption, the need for sophisticated laboratories, and the requirement of skilled technical experts to carry out the detection tests. Thus, it is suggested to integrate different techniques to enhance the detection efficiency and accurateness for SARS-CoV2. This review focuses on preliminary, pre-confirmatory, and confirmatory methods of detection such as imaging techniques (chest-X-ray and chest- computed tomography), nucleic acid detection methods, serological assay methods, and viral culture and identification methods that are currently being employed to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 infection along with recent detection method and applicability for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhulika Pradhan
- Department of Pharmacy, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bhilai, India
| | - Kamal Shah
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research,GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-G), Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Guwahati, India
| | - Ajazuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Shirpur, 425405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sunita Minz
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, annupur, India
| | - Manju Rawat Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University Institute of Pharmacy, Raipur, India
| | - Deependra Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University Institute of Pharmacy, Raipur, India
| | - Krishna Yadav
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University Institute of Pharmacy, Raipur, India
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