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Meng X, Wu W, Tang Y, Peng M, Yang J, Yuan S, Hu Z, Liu W. Lactate/Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Receptor 1 in Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications-Exercise Perspective. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:7717-7731. [PMID: 38427215 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04067-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Lactate has a novel function different from previously known functions despite its traditional association with hypoxia in skeletal muscle. It plays various direct and indirect physiological functions. It is a vital energy source within the central nervous system (CNS) and a signal transmitter regulating crucial processes, such as angiogenesis and inflammation. Activating lactate and its associated receptors elicits effects like synaptic plasticity and angiogenesis alterations. These effects can significantly influence the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle, potentially impacting cognitive performance. Decreased cognitive function relates to different neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), ischemic brain injury, and frontotemporal dementia. Therefore, lactic acid has significant potential for treating neurodegenerative disorders. Exercise is a method that induces the production of lactic acid, which is similar to the effect of lactate injections. It is a harmless and natural way to achieve comparable results. Animal experiments demonstrate that high-intensity intermittent exercise can increase vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels, thus promoting angiogenesis. In vivo, lactate receptor-hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1) activation can occur by various stimuli, including variations in ion concentrations, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) level elevations, and fluctuations in the availability of energy substrates. While several articles have been published on the benefits of physical activity on developing Alzheimer's disease in the CNS, could lactic acid act as a bridge? Understanding how HCAR1 responds to these signals and initiates associated pathways remains incomplete. This review comprehensively analyzes lactate-induced signaling pathways, investigating their influence on neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline. Consequently, this study describes the unique role of lactate in the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyuan Meng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Weijia Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Yingzhe Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Mei Peng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Jialun Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Shunling Yuan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Zelin Hu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Wenfeng Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China.
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
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2
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Zhu W, Guo S, Sun J, Zhao Y, Liu C. Lactate and lactylation in cardiovascular diseases: current progress and future perspectives. Metabolism 2024; 158:155957. [PMID: 38908508 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are often linked to structural and functional impairments, such as heart defects and circulatory dysfunction, leading to compromised peripheral perfusion and heightened morbidity risks. Metabolic remodeling, particularly in the context of cardiac fibrosis and inflammation, is increasingly recognized as a pivotal factor in the pathogenesis of CVDs. Metabolic syndromes further predispose individuals to these conditions, underscoring the need to elucidate the metabolic underpinnings of CVDs. Lactate, a byproduct of glycolysis, is now recognized as a key molecule that connects cellular metabolism with the regulation of cellular activity. The transport of lactate between different cells is essential for metabolic homeostasis and signal transduction. Disruptions to lactate dynamics are implicated in various CVDs. Furthermore, lactylation, a novel post-translational modification, has been identified in cardiac cells, where it influences protein function and gene expression, thereby playing a significant role in CVD pathogenesis. In this review, we summarized recent advancements in understanding the role of lactate and lactylation in CVDs, offering fresh insights that could guide future research directions and therapeutic interventions. The potential of lactate metabolism and lactylation as innovative therapeutic targets for CVD is a promising avenue for exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wengen Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
| | - Siyu Guo
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Junyi Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Yudan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430023, PR China.
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
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3
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Fernández-Moncada I, Lavanco G, Fundazuri UB, Bollmohr N, Mountadem S, Dalla Tor T, Hachaguer P, Julio-Kalajzic F, Gisquet D, Serrat R, Bellocchio L, Cannich A, Fortunato-Marsol B, Nasu Y, Campbell RE, Drago F, Cannizzaro C, Ferreira G, Bouzier-Sore AK, Pellerin L, Bolaños JP, Bonvento G, Barros LF, Oliet SHR, Panatier A, Marsicano G. A lactate-dependent shift of glycolysis mediates synaptic and cognitive processes in male mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6842. [PMID: 39122700 PMCID: PMC11316019 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes control brain activity via both metabolic processes and gliotransmission, but the physiological links between these functions are scantly known. Here we show that endogenous activation of astrocyte type-1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptors determines a shift of glycolysis towards the lactate-dependent production of D-serine, thereby gating synaptic and cognitive functions in male mice. Mutant mice lacking the CB1 receptor gene in astrocytes (GFAP-CB1-KO) are impaired in novel object recognition (NOR) memory. This phenotype is rescued by the gliotransmitter D-serine, by its precursor L-serine, and also by lactate and 3,5-DHBA, an agonist of the lactate receptor HCAR1. Such lactate-dependent effect is abolished when the astrocyte-specific phosphorylated-pathway (PP), which diverts glycolysis towards L-serine synthesis, is blocked. Consistently, lactate and 3,5-DHBA promoted the co-agonist binding site occupancy of CA1 post-synaptic NMDA receptors in hippocampal slices in a PP-dependent manner. Thus, a tight cross-talk between astrocytic energy metabolism and gliotransmission determines synaptic and cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gianluca Lavanco
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, ''G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Unai B Fundazuri
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nasrin Bollmohr
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sarah Mountadem
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Tommaso Dalla Tor
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Pauline Hachaguer
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Doriane Gisquet
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Roman Serrat
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Luigi Bellocchio
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Astrid Cannich
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Yusuke Nasu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robert E Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- CERVO Brain Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Bioinformatics, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Carla Cannizzaro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Guillaume Ferreira
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne-Karine Bouzier-Sore
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Luc Pellerin
- Université de Poitiers et CHU de Poitiers, INSERM, IRMETIST, U1313, Poitiers, France
| | - Juan P Bolaños
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gilles Bonvento
- Universite Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodegeneratives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - L Felipe Barros
- Centro de Estudios Cientificos, Valdivia, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Stephane H R Oliet
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Aude Panatier
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
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Yu J, Du Y, Liu C, Xie Y, Yuan M, Shan M, Li N, Liu C, Wang Y, Qin J. Low GPR81 in ER + breast cancer cells drives tamoxifen resistance through inducing PPARα-mediated fatty acid oxidation. Life Sci 2024; 350:122763. [PMID: 38823505 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The intricate molecular mechanisms underlying estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast carcinogenesis and resistance to endocrine therapy remain elusive. In this study, we elucidate the pivotal role of GPR81, a G protein-coupled receptor, in ER+ breast cancer (BC) by demonstrating low expression of GPR81 in tamoxifen (TAM)-resistant ER+ BC cell lines and tumor samples, along with the underlying molecular mechanisms. MAIN METHODS Fatty acid oxidation (FAO) levels and lipid accumulation were explored using MDA and FAβO assay, BODIPY 493/503 staining, and Lipid TOX staining. Autophagy levels were assayed using CYTO-ID detection and Western blotting. The impact of GPR81 on TAM resistance in BC was investigated through CCK8 assay, colony formation assay and a xenograft mice model. RESULTS Aberrantly low GPR81 expression in TAM-resistant BC cells disrupts the Rap1 pathway, leading to the upregulation of PPARα and CPT1. This elevation in PPARα/CPT1 enhances FAO, impedes lipid accumulation and lipid droplet (LD) formation, and subsequently inhibits cell autophagy, ultimately promoting TAM-resistant BC cell growth. Moreover, targeting GPR81 and FAO emerges as a promising therapeutic strategy, as the GPR81 agonist and the CPT1 inhibitor etomoxir effectively inhibit ER+ BC cell and tumor growth in vivo, re-sensitizing TAM-resistant ER+ cells to TAM treatment. CONCLUSION Our data highlight the critical and functionally significant role of GPR81 in promoting ER+ breast tumorigenesis and resistance to endocrine therapy. GPR81 and FAO levels show potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in clinical settings for TAM-resistant ER+ BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yongjun Du
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yu Xie
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Mengci Yuan
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Meihua Shan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ning Li
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Hospital of Stomatology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300041, China.
| | - Junfang Qin
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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5
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Yao S, Chai H, Tao T, Zhang L, Yang X, Li X, Yi Z, Wang Y, An J, Wen G, Jin H, Tuo B. Role of lactate and lactate metabolism in liver diseases (Review). Int J Mol Med 2024; 54:59. [PMID: 38785162 PMCID: PMC11188982 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactate is a byproduct of glycolysis, and before the Warburg effect was revealed (in which glucose can be fermented in the presence of oxygen to produce lactate) it was considered a metabolic waste product. At present, lactate is not only recognized as a metabolic substrate that provides energy, but also as a signaling molecule that regulates cellular functions under pathophysiological conditions. Lactylation, a post‑translational modification, is involved in the development of various diseases, including inflammation and tumors. Liver disease is a major health challenge worldwide. In normal liver, there is a net lactate uptake caused by gluconeogenesis, exhibiting a higher net lactate clearance rate compared with any other organ. Therefore, abnormalities of lactate and lactate metabolism lead to the development of liver disease, and lactate and lactate metabolism‑related genes can be used for predicting the prognosis of liver disease. Targeting lactate production, regulating lactate transport and modulating lactylation may be potential treatment approaches for liver disease. However, currently there is not a systematic review that summarizes the role of lactate and lactate metabolism in liver diseases. In the present review, the role of lactate and lactate metabolism in liver diseases including liver fibrosis, non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease, acute liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma was summarized with the aim to provide insights for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Chai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Ting Tao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Fuling Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 408099, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Xingyue Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Yi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Guorong Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Hai Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Biguang Tuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
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6
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Benarroch E. What Is the Role of Lactate in Brain Metabolism, Plasticity, and Neurodegeneration? Neurology 2024; 102:e209378. [PMID: 38574305 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
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7
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Deehan EC, Mocanu V, Madsen KL. Effects of dietary fibre on metabolic health and obesity. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:301-318. [PMID: 38326443 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00891-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic syndrome represent a growing epidemic worldwide. Body weight is regulated through complex interactions between hormonal, neural and metabolic pathways and is influenced by numerous environmental factors. Imbalances between energy intake and expenditure can occur due to several factors, including alterations in eating behaviours, abnormal satiation and satiety, and low energy expenditure. The gut microbiota profoundly affects all aspects of energy homeostasis through diverse mechanisms involving effects on mucosal and systemic immune, hormonal and neural systems. The benefits of dietary fibre on metabolism and obesity have been demonstrated through mechanistic studies and clinical trials, but many questions remain as to how different fibres are best utilized in managing obesity. In this Review, we discuss the physiochemical properties of different fibres, current findings on how fibre and the gut microbiota interact to regulate body weight homeostasis, and knowledge gaps related to using dietary fibres as a complementary strategy. Precision medicine approaches that utilize baseline microbiota and clinical characteristics to predict individual responses to fibre supplementation represent a new paradigm with great potential to enhance weight management efficacy, but many challenges remain before these approaches can be fully implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C Deehan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Valentin Mocanu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karen L Madsen
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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8
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Mérida S, Návea A, Desco C, Celda B, Pardo-Tendero M, Morales-Tatay JM, Bosch-Morell F. Glutathione and a Pool of Metabolites Partly Related to Oxidative Stress Are Associated with Low and High Myopia in an Altered Bioenergetic Environment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:539. [PMID: 38790644 PMCID: PMC11117864 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress forms part of the molecular basis contributing to the development and manifestation of myopia, a refractive error with associated pathology that is increasingly prevalent worldwide and that subsequently leads to an upsurge in degenerative visual impairment due to conditions that are especially associated with high myopia. The purpose of our study was to examine the interrelation of potential oxidative-stress-related metabolites found in the aqueous humor of high-myopic, low-myopic, and non-myopic patients within a clinical study. We conducted a cross-sectional study, selecting two sets of patients undergoing cataract surgery. The first set, which was used to analyze metabolites through an NMR assay, comprised 116 patients. A total of 59 metabolites were assigned and quantified. The PLS-DA score plot clearly showed a separation with minimal overlap between the HM and control samples. The PLS-DA model allowed us to determine 31 major metabolite differences in the aqueous humor of the study groups. Complementary statistical analysis of the data allowed us to determine six metabolites that presented significant differences among the experimental groups (p < 005). A significant number of these metabolites were discovered to have a direct or indirect connection to oxidative stress linked with conditions of myopic eyes. Notably, we identified metabolites associated with bioenergetic pathways and metabolites that have undergone methylation, along with choline and its derivatives. The second set consisted of 73 patients who underwent a glutathione assay. Here, we showed significant variations in both reduced and oxidized glutathione in aqueous humor among all patient groups (p < 0.01) for the first time. Axial length, refractive status, and complete ophthalmologic examination were also recorded, and interrelations among metabolic and clinical parameters were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Mérida
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (S.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Amparo Návea
- Instituto de la Retina y Enfermedades Oculares, 46005 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Carmen Desco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (S.M.); (C.D.)
- Instituto de la Retina y Enfermedades Oculares, 46005 Valencia, Spain;
- FOM, Fundación de Oftalmología Médica de la Comunidad Valenciana, 46015 Valencia, Spain
| | - Bernardo Celda
- Physical Chemistry Department, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Mercedes Pardo-Tendero
- Department of Pathology, Medicine and Odontology Faculty, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Manuel Morales-Tatay
- Department of Pathology, Medicine and Odontology Faculty, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Bosch-Morell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (S.M.); (C.D.)
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9
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Li X, Yao Z, Qian J, Li H, Li H. Lactate Protects Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function from Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Damage by GPR81 Signaling. Nutrients 2024; 16:582. [PMID: 38474712 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of the intestinal epithelial barrier significantly contributes to the inflammatory progression of ulcerative colitis. Recent studies have indicated that lactate, produced by gut bacteria or derived from fermented foods, plays a key role in modulating inflammation via G-protein-coupled receptor 81 (GPR81). In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential role of GPR81 in the progression of colitis and to assess the impact of lactate/GPR81 signaling on intestinal epithelial barrier function. Our findings demonstrated a downregulation of GPR81 protein expression in patients with colitis. Functional verification experiments showed that Gpr81-deficient mice exhibited more severe damage to the intestinal epithelial barrier and increased susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis, characterized by exacerbated oxidative stress, elevated inflammatory cytokine secretion, and impaired expression of tight-junction proteins. Mechanistically, we found that lactate could suppress TNF-α-induced MMP-9 expression and prevent the disruption of tight-junction proteins by inhibiting NF-κB activation through GPR81 in vitro. Furthermore, our study showed that dietary lactate could preserve intestinal epithelial barrier function against DSS-induced damage in a GPR81-dependent manner in vivo. Collectively, these results underscore the crucial involvement of the lactate/GPR81 signaling pathway in maintaining intestinal epithelial barrier function, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhijie Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jin Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hongling Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Haitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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10
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Huang YF, Wang G, Ding L, Bai ZR, Leng Y, Tian JW, Zhang JZ, Li YQ, Ahmad, Qin YH, Li X, Qi X. Lactate-upregulated NADPH-dependent NOX4 expression via HCAR1/PI3K pathway contributes to ROS-induced osteoarthritis chondrocyte damage. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102867. [PMID: 37688977 PMCID: PMC10498433 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that metabolic factors are involved in the pathological process of osteoarthritis (OA). Lactate has been shown to contribute to the onset and progression of diseases. While whether lactate is involved in the pathogenesis of OA through impaired chondrocyte function and its mechanism remains unclear. This study confirmed that serum lactate levels were elevated in OA patients compared to healthy controls and were positively correlated with synovial fluid lactate levels, which were also correlated with fasting blood glucose, high-density lipoprotein, triglyceride. Lactate treatment could up-regulate expressions of the lactate receptor hydroxy-carboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1) and lactate transporters in human chondrocytes. We demonstrated the dual role of lactate, which as a metabolite increased NADPH levels by shunting glucose metabolism to the pentose phosphate pathway, and as a signaling molecule up-regulated NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) via activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway through receptor HCAR1. Particularly, lactate could promote reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and chondrocyte damage, which was attenuated by pre-treatment with the NOX4 inhibitor GLX351322. We also confirmed that lactate could increase expression of catabolic enzymes (MMP-3/13, ADAMTS-4), reduce the synthesis of type II collagen, promote expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, CCL-3/4), and induce cellular hypertrophy and aging in chondrocytes. Subsequently, we showed that chondrocyte damage mediated by lactate could be reversed by pre-treatment with N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC, ROS scavenger). Finally, we further verified in vivo that intra-articular injection of lactate in Sprague Dawley (SD) rat models could damage cartilage and exacerbate the progression of OA models that could be countered by the NOX4 inhibitor GLX351322. Our study highlights the involvement of lactate as a metabolic factor in the OA process, providing a theoretical basis for potential metabolic therapies of OA in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China; Department of Orthopedics, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Lu Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zi-Ran Bai
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yi Leng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jun-Wei Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jian-Zeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yan-Qi Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ahmad
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuan-Hua Qin
- Department of Parasite, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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11
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Tang Y, Wang YD, Wang YY, Liao ZZ, Xiao XH. Skeletal muscles and gut microbiota-derived metabolites: novel modulators of adipocyte thermogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1265175. [PMID: 37867516 PMCID: PMC10588486 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1265175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity occurs when overall energy intake surpasses energy expenditure. White adipose tissue is an energy storage site, whereas brown and beige adipose tissues catabolize stored energy to generate heat, which protects against obesity and obesity-associated metabolic disorders. Metabolites are substrates in metabolic reactions that act as signaling molecules, mediating communication between metabolic sites (i.e., adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and gut microbiota). Although the effects of metabolites from peripheral organs on adipose tissue have been extensively studied, their role in regulating adipocyte thermogenesis requires further investigation. Skeletal muscles and intestinal microorganisms are important metabolic sites in the body, and their metabolites play an important role in obesity. In this review, we consolidated the latest research on skeletal muscles and gut microbiota-derived metabolites that potentially promote adipocyte thermogenesis. Skeletal muscles can release lactate, kynurenic acid, inosine, and β-aminoisobutyric acid, whereas the gut secretes bile acids, butyrate, succinate, cinnabarinic acid, urolithin A, and asparagine. These metabolites function as signaling molecules by interacting with membrane receptors or controlling intracellular enzyme activity. The mechanisms underlying the reciprocal exchange of metabolites between the adipose tissue and other metabolic organs will be a focal point in future studies on obesity. Furthermore, understanding how metabolites regulate adipocyte thermogenesis will provide a basis for establishing new therapeutic targets for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-Di Wang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhe-Zhen Liao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xin-Hua Xiao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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12
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Kolotyeva NA, Gilmiyarova FN, Averchuk AS, Baranich TI, Rozanova NA, Kukla MV, Tregub PP, Salmina AB. Novel Approaches to the Establishment of Local Microenvironment from Resorbable Biomaterials in the Brain In Vitro Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14709. [PMID: 37834155 PMCID: PMC10572431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of brain in vitro models requires the application of novel biocompatible materials and biopolymers as scaffolds for controllable and effective cell growth and functioning. The "ideal" brain in vitro model should demonstrate the principal features of brain plasticity like synaptic transmission and remodeling, neurogenesis and angiogenesis, and changes in the metabolism associated with the establishment of new intercellular connections. Therefore, the extracellular scaffolds that are helpful in the establishment and maintenance of local microenvironments supporting brain plasticity mechanisms are of critical importance. In this review, we will focus on some carbohydrate metabolites-lactate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, malate-that greatly contribute to the regulation of cell-to-cell communications and metabolic plasticity of brain cells and on some resorbable biopolymers that may reproduce the local microenvironment enriched in particular cell metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frida N. Gilmiyarova
- Department of Fundamental and Clinical Biochemistry with Laboratory Diagnostics, Samara State Medical University, 443099 Samara, Russia
| | - Anton S. Averchuk
- Brain Science Institute, Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana I. Baranich
- Brain Science Institute, Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Maria V. Kukla
- Brain Science Institute, Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel P. Tregub
- Brain Science Institute, Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Pathophysiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alla B. Salmina
- Brain Science Institute, Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia
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13
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Guo S, Zhou J, Lou P, Weng L, Ye X, Guo J, Liu H, Ma R. Potentiated effects of lactate receptor GPR81 on immune microenvironment in breast cancer. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:1369-1377. [PMID: 37249360 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor (GPR81), as lactate receptor, is an upstart in immune regulation, however, its mechanisms involved in tumor escape have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we explored the effects of GPR81 activation on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and macrophages. The expression and relationship with immune infiltration of GPR81 were analyzed with TCGA database. Checkpoints and cytokines were evaluated with flow cytometry or ELISA. The TCGA-based data showed a marked decrease of GPR81 in breast cancer (BRCA) compared with normal breast, especially in the basal-like subtype. In normal mammary tissues, GPR81 had negative correlation with various immune checkpoints, nevertheless, this trend weakened accompanied with the reduction of GPR81. GPR81 stimulation had a significantly inhibitory influence on PD-L1 exposure in BT-549 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, but not in MDA-MB-453 cell line. The pretreatment of siGPR81 to knockdown GPR81 expression resulted in a remitting of PD-L1 reduction when MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with GPR81 agonist 1. However, little effect of GPR81 activation was observed on the expression of PD-L1 on phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-induced THP-1 cells. Furthermore, GPR81 agonist 1 exerted no significant impact on the secretion of cytokines in THP-1 cells. In general, it is suggested that GPR81 may facilitate immune monitoring via the reduction of PD-L1 in TNBC with glycolytic phenotype. Our results not only provide a novel insight into the effects of GPR81 on immune evasion but a potential therapy targeting GPR81 in BRCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenchao Guo
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianliang Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengrong Lou
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Weng
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxian Ye
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Guo
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Liu
- Surgery Teaching and Research Section, Clinical Medical School, Jining Medical University, Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruishuang Ma
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
- Central Laboratory of the Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
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14
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Colucci ACM, Tassinari ID, Loss EDS, de Fraga LS. History and Function of the Lactate Receptor GPR81/HCAR1 in the Brain: A Putative Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of Cerebral Ischemia. Neuroscience 2023; 526:144-163. [PMID: 37391123 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
GPR81 is a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) discovered in 2001, but deorphanized only 7 years later, when its affinity for lactate as an endogenous ligand was demonstrated. More recently, GPR81 expression and distribution in the brain were also confirmed and the function of lactate as a volume transmitter has been suggested since then. These findings shed light on a new function of lactate acting as a signaling molecule in the central nervous system, in addition to its well-known role as a metabolic fuel for neurons. GPR81 seems to act as a metabolic sensor, coupling energy metabolism, synaptic activity, and blood flow. Activation of this receptor leads to Gi-mediated downregulation of adenylyl cyclase and subsequent reduction in cAMP levels, regulating several downstream pathways. Recent studies have also suggested the potential role of lactate as a neuroprotective agent, mainly under brain ischemic conditions. This effect is usually attributed to the metabolic role of lactate, but the underlying mechanisms need further investigation and could be related to lactate signaling via GPR81. The activation of GPR81 showed promising results for neuroprotection: it modulates many processes involved in the pathophysiology of ischemia. In this review, we summarize the history of GPR81, starting with its deorphanization; then, we discuss GPR81 expression and distribution, signaling transduction cascades, and neuroprotective roles. Lastly, we propose GPR81 as a potential target for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Clara Machado Colucci
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Metabolismo (NeuroMet), Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, lab. 660, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Isadora D'Ávila Tassinari
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Metabolismo (NeuroMet), Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, lab. 660, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eloísa da Silveira Loss
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental (LABENEX), Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, lab. 660, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luciano Stürmer de Fraga
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Metabolismo (NeuroMet), Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, lab. 660, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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15
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Hong H, Su J, Zhang Y, Xu G, Huang C, Bao G, Cui Z. A novel role of lactate: Promotion of Akt-dependent elongation of microglial process. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110136. [PMID: 37075668 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
As a key component of the innate immune system, over-activation of microglia that occurs in nervous system diseases is usually accompanied by retraction of their branched processes. Reversal of microglial process retraction is a potential strategy to prevent neuroinflammation. In our previous studies, we reported some molecules that can promote the elongation of microglial processes under in vitro and in vivo conditions, such as butyrate, β-hydroxybutyrate, sulforaphane, diallyl disulfide, compound C, and KRIBB11. Here, we found that lactate, a molecule that mimics endogenous lactic acid and has been shown to suppress neuroinflammation, reversibly triggered significant elongations of processes in microglia under cultured and in vivo conditions. Pretreatment with lactate also prevented lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced shortening of microglial processes under cultured and in vivo conditions, pro-inflammatory responses in primary cultured microglia and prefrontal cortex, and depression-like behaviors in mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that incubation with lactate increased phospho-Akt levels in primary cultured microglia and inhibition of Akt blocked the pro-elongation effect of lactate on the microglial process under cultured and in vivo conditions, suggesting that the regulatory effect of lactate on the microglial process is dependent on activation of Akt. Inhibition of Akt also abolished the preventive effect of lactate on LPS-induced inflammatory responses in primary cultured microglia and prefrontal cortex and on LPS-induced depression-like behaviors in mice. Overall, these results demonstrate that lactate can induce Akt-mediated elongation of the microglial process, which appropriately contributes to the inhibition of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Hong
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianbin Su
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng First Hospital, Affiliated of Nanjing University Medical School, #66 Renmin South Road, Yancheng 224006, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guanhua Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guofeng Bao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhiming Cui
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.
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16
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Yili S, Xinyi D, Kerui F, Kun C, Yang Y, Zhang L, Hu K. Activation of GPR81 aggravated intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury-induced acute lung injury via HMGB1-mediated neutrophil extracellular traps formation. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2023; 37:3946320231193832. [PMID: 37698122 PMCID: PMC10498694 DOI: 10.1177/03946320231193832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (II/R) injury is a life-threatening situation accompanied by severe organ injury, especially acute lung injury (ALI). A great body of evidence indicates that II/R injury is usually associated with hyperlactatemia. G-protein-coupled receptor 81 (GPR81), a receptor of lactate, has been recognized as a regulatory factor in inflammation, but whether it was involved in II/R injury-induced ALI is still unknown. METHODS To establish the II/R injury model, the superior mesenteric artery of the mice was occluded gently by a microvascular clamp for 45 min to elicit intestinal ischemia and then a 90-min reperfusion was performed. Broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were obtained to evaluate the lung injury after II/R. The pulmonary histopathological alteration was evaluated by H&E staining. The concentration of proteins, the number of infiltrated cells, and the level of IL-6 were measured in BALF. The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was evaluated by the level of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and myeloperoxidase- double-stranded DNA (MPO-dsDNA) complex in BALF, and the content of citrullinated histone H3 (Cit-H3) in lung tissue. The level of HMGB1 in the BALF and plasma was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Administration of the GPR81 agonist 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) aggravated II/R injury-induced lung histological abnormalities, upregulated the concentration of proteins, the number of infiltrated cells, and the level of IL-6 in BALF. In addition, DHBA treatment increased the level of dsDNA and MPO-dsDNA complex in BALF, and promoted the elevation of Cit-H3 in lung tissue and the release of HMGB1 in BALF and plasma. CONCLUSION After induction of ALI by II/R, the administration of DHBA aggravated ALI through NETs formation in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Yili
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dai Xinyi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Kerui
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Kun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongqiang Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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17
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Roy SC, Napit PR, Pasula M, Bheemanapally K, Briski KP. G protein-coupled lactate receptor GPR81 control of ventrolateral ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus glucoregulatory neurotransmitter and 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase expression. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 324:R20-R34. [PMID: 36409024 PMCID: PMC9762965 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00100.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes store glycogen as energy and promote neurometabolic stability through supply of oxidizable l-lactate. Whether lactate regulates ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN) glucostatic function as a metabolic volume transmitter is unknown. Current research investigated whether G protein-coupled lactate receptor GPR81 controls astrocyte glycogen metabolism and glucose-regulatory neurotransmission in the ventrolateral VMN (VMNvl), where glucose-regulatory neurons reside. Female rats were pretreated by intra-VMN GPR81 or scramble siRNA infusion before insulin or vehicle injection. VMNvl cell or tissue samples were acquired by laser-catapult- or micropunch microdissection for Western blot protein or uHPLC-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometric glycogen analyses. Data show that GPR81 regulates eu- and/or hypoglycemic patterns of VMNvl astrocyte glycogen metabolic enzyme and 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) protein expression according to VMNvl segment. GPR81 stimulates baseline rostral and caudal VMNvl glycogen accumulation but mediates glycogen breakdown in the former site during hypoglycemia. During euglycemia, GPR81 suppresses the transmitter marker neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in rostral and caudal VMNvl nitrergic neurons, but stimulates (rostral VMNvl) or inhibits (caudal VMNvl) GABAergic neuron glutamate decarboxylase65/67 (GAD)protein. During hypoglycemia, GPR81 regulates AMPK activation in nitrergic and GABAergic neurons located in the rostral, but not caudal VMNvl. VMN GPR81 knockdown amplified hypoglycemic hypercorticosteronemia, but not hyperglucagonemia. Results provide novel evidence that VMNvl astrocyte and glucose-regulatory neurons express GPR81 protein. Data identify neuroanatomical subpopulations of VMNvl astrocytes and glucose-regulatory neurons that exhibit differential reactivity to GPR81 input. Heterogeneous GPR81 effects during eu- versus hypoglycemia infer that energy state may affect cellular sensitivity to or postreceptor processing of lactate transmitter signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagor Chandra Roy
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana
| | - Prabhat R Napit
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana
| | - MadhuBabu Pasula
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana
| | - Khaggeswar Bheemanapally
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana
| | - Karen P Briski
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana
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18
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Understanding the Contribution of Lactate Metabolism in Cancer Progress: A Perspective from Isomers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010087. [PMID: 36612084 PMCID: PMC9817756 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactate mediates multiple cell-intrinsic effects in cancer metabolism in terms of development, maintenance, and metastasis and is often correlated with poor prognosis. Its functions are undertaken as an energy source for neighboring carcinoma cells and serve as a lactormone for oncogenic signaling pathways. Indeed, two isomers of lactate are produced in the Warburg effect: L-lactate and D-lactate. L-lactate is the main end-production of glycolytic fermentation which catalyzes glucose, and tiny D-lactate is fabricated through the glyoxalase system. Their production inevitably affects cancer development and therapy. Here, we systematically review the mechanisms of lactate isomers production, and highlight emerging evidence of the carcinogenic biological effects of lactate and its isomers in cancer. Accordingly, therapy that targets lactate and its metabolism is a promising approach for anticancer treatment.
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19
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Zan X, Fan K, Chen K, Zhi Y, Li L, Yang Y, Hu K, Lin L, Tang L, Liu G, Zhang L. Activation of GPR81 Aggravates Remote Organ Injury During Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Transplant Proc 2022; 54:1992-1997. [PMID: 35902290 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2022.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a serious situation with high morbidity and mortality, which is usually accompanied with hyperlactatemia due to impaired lactate clearance in liver. G-protein-coupled receptor 81 (GPR81) has recently been identified as the bioactive receptor of lactate. GPR81 is profoundly involved in the modulation of metabolism and inflammation, but its significance in HIRI remains unclear. The present study investigated the potential roles of GPR81 in HIRI by using the GPR81 agonist 3-chloro-5-hydroxybenzoic acid (CHBA). The results indicated that treatment with CHBA had no obvious effects on HIRI-induced histologic abnormalities and elevation of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase. However, CHBA significantly upregulated the serum level of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 in mice with HIRI. Administration of CHBA also exacerbated HIRI-induced histologic lesions in lung, increased the level of myeloperoxidase in lung tissue and the protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In addition, the serum levels of brain natriuretic peptide and creatinine also increased in CHBA-treated mice. The results indicate that activation of GPR81 might aggravate HIRI-induced remote organ injury and result in serious outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Zan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kerui Fan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Zhi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Longjiang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongqiang Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Hu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Emergency, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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20
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Chaudhari P, Madaan A, Rivera JC, Charfi I, Habelrih T, Hou X, Nezhady M, Lodygensky G, Pineyro G, Muanza T, Chemtob S. Neuronal GPR81 regulates developmental brain angiogenesis and promotes brain recovery after a hypoxic ischemic insult. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:1294-1308. [PMID: 35107038 PMCID: PMC9207492 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221077499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxic/ischemic (HI) brain injury is a major clinical problem with devastating neurodevelopmental outcomes in neonates. During HI brain injury, dysregulated factor production contributes to microvascular impairment. Glycolysis-derived lactate accumulated during ischemia has been proposed to protect against ischemic injury, but its mechanism of action is poorly understood. Herein, we hypothesize that lactate via its G-protein coupled receptor (GPR81) controls postnatal brain angiogenesis and plays a protective role after HI injury. We show that GPR81 is predominantly expressed in neurons of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. GPR81-null mice displayed a delay in cerebral microvascular development linked to reduced levels of various major angiogenic factors and augmented expression of anti-angiogenic Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) in comparison to their WT littermates. Coherently, lactate stimulation induced an increase in growth factors (VEGF, Ang1 and 2, PDGF) and reduced TSP-1 expression in neurons, which contributed to accelerating angiogenesis. HI injury in GPR81-null animals curtailed vascular density and consequently increased infarct size compared to changes seen in WT mice; conversely intracerebroventricular lactate injection increased vascular density and diminished infarct size in WT but not in GPR81-null mice. Collectively, we show that lactate acting via GPR81 participates in developmental brain angiogenesis, and attenuates HI injury by restoring compromised microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhas Chaudhari
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Ankush Madaan
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - José Carlos Rivera
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Opthalmology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Research Center, Montréal, Canada
| | - Iness Charfi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Tiffany Habelrih
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Canada
| | - Xin Hou
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Canada
| | - Mohammad Nezhady
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Canada
| | - Gregory Lodygensky
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Canada
| | - Graciela Pineyro
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Thierry Muanza
- Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Opthalmology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Research Center, Montréal, Canada
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21
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Feng Z, Sun R, Cong Y, Liu Z. Critical roles of G protein-coupled receptors in regulating intestinal homeostasis and inflammatory bowel disease. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:819-828. [PMID: 35732818 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00538-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a group of membrane proteins that mediate most of the physiological responses to various signaling molecules such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and environmental stimulants. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing disorder of the gastrointestinal tract and presents a spectrum of heterogeneous disorders falling under two main clinical subtypes including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The pathogenesis of IBD is multifactorial and is related to a genetically dysregulated mucosal immune response to environmental drivers, mainly microbiotas. Although many drugs, such as 5-aminosalicylic acid, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, and biological agents, have been approved for IBD treatment, none can cure IBD permanently. Emerging evidence indicates significant associations between GPCRs and the pathogenesis of IBD. Here, we provide an overview of the essential physiological functions and signaling pathways of GPCRs and their roles in mucosal immunity and IBD regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongsheng Feng
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Ruicong Sun
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, China.
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22
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Manosalva C, Quiroga J, Hidalgo AI, Alarcón P, Anseoleaga N, Hidalgo MA, Burgos RA. Role of Lactate in Inflammatory Processes: Friend or Foe. Front Immunol 2022; 12:808799. [PMID: 35095895 PMCID: PMC8795514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.808799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During an inflammatory process, shift in the cellular metabolism associated with an increase in extracellular acidification are well-known features. This pH drop in the inflamed tissue is largely attributed to the presence of lactate by an increase in glycolysis. In recent years, evidence has accumulated describing the role of lactate in inflammatory processes; however, there are differences as to whether lactate can currently be considered a pro- or anti-inflammatory mediator. Herein, we review these recent advances on the pleiotropic effects of lactate on the inflammatory process. Taken together, the evidence suggests that lactate could exert differential effects depending on the metabolic status, cell type in which the effects of lactate are studied, and the pathological process analyzed. Additionally, various targets, including post-translational modifications, G-protein coupled receptor and transcription factor activation such as NF-κB and HIF-1, allow lactate to modulate signaling pathways that control the expression of cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and several enzymes associated with immune response and metabolism. Altogether, this would explain its varied effects on inflammatory processes beyond its well-known role as a waste product of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Manosalva
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Pharmacy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - John Quiroga
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Graduate School, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Alejandra I Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pablo Alarcón
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Nicolás Anseoleaga
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Graduate School, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - María Angélica Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rafael Agustín Burgos
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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23
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Strassheim D, Sullivan T, Irwin DC, Gerasimovskaya E, Lahm T, Klemm DJ, Dempsey EC, Stenmark KR, Karoor V. Metabolite G-Protein Coupled Receptors in Cardio-Metabolic Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:3347. [PMID: 34943862 PMCID: PMC8699532 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have originally been described as a family of receptors activated by hormones, neurotransmitters, and other mediators. However, in recent years GPCRs have shown to bind endogenous metabolites, which serve functions other than as signaling mediators. These receptors respond to fatty acids, mono- and disaccharides, amino acids, or various intermediates and products of metabolism, including ketone bodies, lactate, succinate, or bile acids. Given that many of these metabolic processes are dysregulated under pathological conditions, including diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity, receptors of endogenous metabolites have also been recognized as potential drug targets to prevent and/or treat metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. This review describes G protein-coupled receptors activated by endogenous metabolites and summarizes their physiological, pathophysiological, and potential pharmacological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Strassheim
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Timothy Sullivan
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - David C. Irwin
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Evgenia Gerasimovskaya
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Tim Lahm
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health Denver, Denver, CO 80206, USA;
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Dwight J. Klemm
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Edward C. Dempsey
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Vijaya Karoor
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health Denver, Denver, CO 80206, USA;
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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24
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Tassinari ID, de Fraga LS. Potential use of lactate for the treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:788-790. [PMID: 34472472 PMCID: PMC8530120 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.322459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Isadora D'Ávila Tassinari
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Metabolism (NeuroMet), Department of Physiology, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Post-Graduate Program in Physiology, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Unidade de Experimentação Animal, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luciano Stürmer de Fraga
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Metabolism (NeuroMet), Department of Physiology, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Post-Graduate Program in Physiology, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Unidade de Experimentação Animal, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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25
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Lee TY. Lactate: a multifunctional signaling molecule. Yeungnam Univ J Med 2021; 38:183-193. [PMID: 33596629 PMCID: PMC8225492 DOI: 10.12701/yujm.2020.00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1780, lactate has long been misunderstood as a waste by-product of anaerobic glycolysis with multiple deleterious effects. Owing to the lactate shuttle concept introduced in the early 1980s, a paradigm shift began to occur. Increasing evidence indicates that lactate is a coordinator of whole-body metabolism. Lactate is not only a readily accessible fuel that is shuttled throughout the body but also a metabolic buffer that bridges glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation between cells and intracellular compartments. Lactate also acts as a multifunctional signaling molecule through receptors expressed in various cells and tissues, resulting in diverse biological consequences including decreased lipolysis, immune regulation, anti-inflammation, wound healing, and enhanced exercise performance in association with the gut microbiome. Furthermore, lactate contributes to epigenetic gene regulation by lactylating lysine residues of histones, accounting for its key role in immune modulation and maintenance of homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Yoon Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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26
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Goodwin ML, Gladden LB, Nijsten MWN. Lactate-Protected Hypoglycemia (LPH). Front Neurosci 2020; 14:920. [PMID: 33013305 PMCID: PMC7497796 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we provide an overview of the concept of a lactate-protected hypoglycemia (“LPH”), originally proposed as lowering glucose while simultaneously increasing lactate concentration as a method by which tumors might be targeted. Central to this hypothesis is that lactate can act as a critical salvage fuel for the central nervous system, allowing for wide perturbations in whole body and central nervous system glucose concentrations. Further, many tumors exhibit “the Warburg” effect, consuming glucose and producing and exporting lactate despite adequate oxygenation. While some recent data have provided evidence for a “reverse-Warburg,” where some tumors may preferentially consume lactate, many of these experimental methods rely on a significant elevation in lactate in the tumor microenvironment. To date it remains unclear how various tumors behave in vivo, and how they might respond to perturbations in lactate and glucose concentrations or transport inhibition. By exploiting and targeting lactate transport and metabolism in tumors (with a combination of changes in lactate and glucose concentrations, transport inhibitors, etc.), we can begin developing novel methods for targeting otherwise difficult to treat pathologies in the brain and spinal cord. Here we discuss evidence both experimental and observational, and provide direction for next steps in developing therapies based on these concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Goodwin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - L Bruce Gladden
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Maarten W N Nijsten
- Critical Care Department, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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