1
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Ren X, Su W, Li S, Zhao T, Huang Q, Wang Y, Wang X, Zhang X, Wei J. Immunogenicity and Therapeutic Efficacy of a Sendai-Virus-Vectored HSV-2 Vaccine in Mouse and Guinea Pig Models. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1752. [PMID: 38140157 PMCID: PMC10747028 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, there is no licensed vaccine for preventing herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). The current treatment to address the infection and prevent its transmission is not always satisfactory. METHODS We constructed two recombinant vectors, one encoding HSV-2 glycoprotein D (gD, SeV-dF/HSV-2-gD) and one encoding HSV-2-infected cell protein 27 (ICP27, SeV-dF/HSV-2-ICP27), based on a replication-defective Sendai virus through reverse genetics, collectively comprising a combinatorial HSV-2 therapeutic vaccine candidate. The immunogenicity and proper immunization procedure for this vaccine were explored in a murine model. The therapeutic effect that helps prevent recurrent HSV-2 disease was evaluated in HSV-2-infected guinea pigs. RESULTS Both a robust humoral immune response and a cellular immune response, characterized by the neutralizing antibody titer and the IFN-γ level, respectively, were elicited in BALB/c mice. A further study of cellular immunogenicity in mice revealed that T lymphocytes were successfully enhanced with the desirable secretion of several cytokines. In HSV-2-seropositive guinea pigs, vaccination could reduce the severity of HSV-2 in terms of recurrent lesions, duration of recurrent outbreak, and frequency of recurrence by 58.66%, 45.34%, and 45.09%, respectively, while viral shedding was also significantly inhibited in the vaccine-treated group compared to the group treated with phosphate-buffered saline. CONCLUSIONS The replication-defective recombinant Sendai viruses conveying HSV-2-gD and ICP27 proteins showed great immunogenicity and potential for preventing recurrent HSV-2 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiangbo Wei
- Weijiangbo Laboratory, National Vaccine and Serum Institute, Beijing 101111, China; (X.R.); (W.S.); (S.L.); (T.Z.); (Q.H.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (X.Z.)
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2
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Sun Z, Huang J, Fishelson Z, Wang C, Zhang S. Cell-Penetrating Peptide-Based Delivery of Macromolecular Drugs: Development, Strategies, and Progress. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1971. [PMID: 37509610 PMCID: PMC10377493 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), developed for more than 30 years, are still being extensively studied due to their excellent delivery performance. Compared with other delivery vehicles, CPPs hold promise for delivering different types of drugs. Here, we review the development process of CPPs and summarize the composition and classification of the CPP-based delivery systems, cellular uptake mechanisms, influencing factors, and biological barriers. We also summarize the optimization routes of CPP-based macromolecular drug delivery from stability and targeting perspectives. Strategies for enhanced endosomal escape, which prolong its half-life in blood, improved targeting efficiency and stimuli-responsive design are comprehensively summarized for CPP-based macromolecule delivery. Finally, after concluding the clinical trials of CPP-based drug delivery systems, we extracted the necessary conditions for a successful CPP-based delivery system. This review provides the latest framework for the CPP-based delivery of macromolecular drugs and summarizes the optimized strategies to improve delivery efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jinhai Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zvi Fishelson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Chenhui Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Sihe Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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3
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Litvinova VR, Rudometov AP, Karpenko LI, Ilyichev AA. mRNA Vaccine Platform: mRNA Production and Delivery. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2023; 49:220-235. [PMID: 37252004 PMCID: PMC10197051 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162023020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is the most efficient way to prevent infectious diseases. mRNA-based vaccines is a new approach to vaccine development, which have several very useful advantages over other types of vaccines. Since mRNA encodes only the target antigen there is no potential risk of infection as in the case with attenuated or inactivated pathogens. The mode of action of mRNA-vaccines implies that their genetic information is expressed only in the cytosol, leaving very little possibility of mRNA integration into the host's genome. mRNA-vaccines can induce specific cellular and humoral immune responses, but do not induce the antivector immune response. The mRNA-vaccine platform allows for easy target gene replacement without the need to change the production technology, which is important to address the time lag between the epidemic onset and vaccine release. The present review discusses the history of mRNA vaccines, mRNA vaccine production technology, ways to increase mRNA stability, modifications of the cap, poly(A)-tail, coding and noncoding parts of mRNA, target mRNA vaccine purification from byproducts, and delivery methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. R. Litvinova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare, 630559 Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region Russia
| | - A. P. Rudometov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare, 630559 Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region Russia
| | - L. I. Karpenko
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare, 630559 Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region Russia
| | - A. A. Ilyichev
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare, 630559 Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region Russia
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4
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Transition from Animal-Based to Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs)-Based Models of Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Opportunities and Challenges. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040538. [PMID: 36831205 PMCID: PMC9954744 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) arise from the disruption of highly coordinated mechanisms underlying brain development, which results in impaired sensory, motor and/or cognitive functions. Although rodent models have offered very relevant insights to the field, the translation of findings to clinics, particularly regarding therapeutic approaches for these diseases, remains challenging. Part of the explanation for this failure may be the genetic differences-some targets not being conserved between species-and, most importantly, the differences in regulation of gene expression. This prompts the use of human-derived models to study NDDS. The generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hIPSCs) added a new suitable alternative to overcome species limitations, allowing for the study of human neuronal development while maintaining the genetic background of the donor patient. Several hIPSC models of NDDs already proved their worth by mimicking several pathological phenotypes found in humans. In this review, we highlight the utility of hIPSCs to pave new paths for NDD research and development of new therapeutic tools, summarize the challenges and advances of hIPSC-culture and neuronal differentiation protocols and discuss the best way to take advantage of these models, illustrating this with examples of success for some NDDs.
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5
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Sharp B, Rallabandi R, Devaux P. Advances in RNA Viral Vector Technology to Reprogram Somatic Cells: The Paramyxovirus Wave. Mol Diagn Ther 2022; 26:353-367. [PMID: 35763161 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-022-00599-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ethical issues are a significant barrier to the use of embryonic stem cells in patients due to their origin: human embryos. To further the development of stem cells in a patient application, alternative sources of cells were sought. A process referred to as reprogramming was established to create induced pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells, resolving the ethical issues, and vectors were developed to deliver the reprogramming factors to generate induced pluripotent stem cells. Early viral vectors used integrating retroviruses and lentiviruses as delivery vehicles for the transcription factors required to initiate reprogramming. However, because of the inherent risk associated with vectors that integrate into the host genome, non-integrating approaches were explored. The development of non-integrating viral vectors offers a safer alternative, and these modern vectors are reliable, efficient, and easy to use to achieve induced pluripotent stem cells suitable for direct patient application in the growing field of individualized medicine. This review summarizes all the RNA viral vectors in the field of reprogramming with a special focus on the emerging delivery vectors based on non-integrating Paramyxoviruses, Sendai and measles viruses. We discuss their design and evolution towards being safe and efficient reprogramming vectors in generating induced pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna Sharp
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ramya Rallabandi
- Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Regenerative Sciences Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Patricia Devaux
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. .,Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Regenerative Sciences Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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6
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Zhong C, Liu M, Pan X, Zhu H. Tumorigenicity Risk of iPSCs in vivo: Nip it in the Bud. PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2022; 5:pbac004. [PMID: 35692443 PMCID: PMC9026204 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2006, Takahashi and Yamanaka first created induced pluripotent stem cells from mouse fibroblasts via the retroviral introduction of genes encoding the transcription factors Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf44, and c-Myc. Since then, the future clinical application of somatic cell reprogramming technology has become an attractive research topic in the field of regenerative medicine. Of note, considerable interest has been placed in circumventing ethical issues linked to embryonic stem cell research. However, tumorigenicity, immunogenicity, and heterogeneity may hamper attempts to deploy this technology therapeutically. This review highlights the progress aimed at reducing induced pluripotent stem cells tumorigenicity risk and how to assess the safety of induced pluripotent stem cells cell therapy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoliang Zhong
- Department of Cell Biology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghua Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518032, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiying Zhu
- Department of Cell Biology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Tan GW, Kondo T, Imamura K, Suga M, Enami T, Nagahashi A, Tsukita K, Inoue I, Kawaguchi J, Shu T, Inoue H. Simple derivation of skeletal muscle from human pluripotent stem cells using temperature-sensitive Sendai virus vector. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9586-9596. [PMID: 34510713 PMCID: PMC8505837 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells have the potential to differentiate into various cell types including skeletal muscles (SkM), and they are applied to regenerative medicine or in vitro modelling for intractable diseases. A simple differentiation method is required for SkM cells to accelerate neuromuscular disease studies. Here, we established a simple method to convert human pluripotent stem cells into SkM cells by using temperature‐sensitive Sendai virus (SeV) vector encoding myoblast determination protein 1 (SeV‐Myod1), a myogenic master transcription factor. SeV‐Myod1 treatment converted human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into SkM cells, which expressed SkM markers including myosin heavy chain (MHC). We then removed the SeV vector by temporal treatment at a high temperature of 38℃, which also accelerated mesodermal differentiation, and found that SkM cells exhibited fibre‐like morphology. Finally, after removal of the residual human ESCs by pluripotent stem cell‐targeting delivery of cytotoxic compound, we generated SkM cells with 80% MHC positivity and responsiveness to electrical stimulation. This simple method for myogenic differentiation was applicable to human‐induced pluripotent stem cells and will be beneficial for investigations of disease mechanisms and drug discovery in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghee Wan Tan
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kondo
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,iPSC-based Drug Discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Kyoto, Japan.,Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiko Imamura
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,iPSC-based Drug Discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Kyoto, Japan.,Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mika Suga
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,iPSC-based Drug Discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takako Enami
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayako Nagahashi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kayoko Tsukita
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,iPSC-based Drug Discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ikuyo Inoue
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Haruhisa Inoue
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,iPSC-based Drug Discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Kyoto, Japan.,Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan
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8
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Nanoparticles as Adjuvants and Nanodelivery Systems for mRNA-Based Vaccines. Pharmaceutics 2020; 13:pharmaceutics13010045. [PMID: 33396817 PMCID: PMC7823281 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines have shown promise against infectious diseases and several types of cancer in the last two decades. Their promise can be attributed to their safety profiles, high potency, and ability to be rapidly and affordably manufactured. Now, many RNA-based vaccines are being evaluated in clinical trials as prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. However, until recently, their development has been limited by their instability and inefficient in vivo transfection. The nanodelivery system plays a dual function in RNA-based vaccination by acting as a carrier system and as an adjuvant. That is due to its similarity to microorganisms structurally and size-wise; the nanodelivery system can augment the response by the immune system via simulating the natural infection process. Nanodelivery systems allow non-invasive mucosal administration, targeted immune cell delivery, and controlled delivery, reducing the need for multiple administrations. They also allow co-encapsulating with immunostimulators to improve the overall adjuvant capacity. The aim of this review is to discuss the recent developments and applications of biodegradable nanodelivery systems that improve RNA-based vaccine delivery and enhance the immunological response against targeted diseases.
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9
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Zaichuk TA, Nechipurenko YD, Adzhubey AA, Onikienko SB, Chereshnev VA, Zainutdinov SS, Kochneva GV, Netesov SV, Matveeva OV. The Challenges of Vaccine Development against Betacoronaviruses: Antibody Dependent Enhancement and Sendai Virus as a Possible Vaccine Vector. Mol Biol 2020; 54:812-826. [PMID: 32921819 PMCID: PMC7473411 DOI: 10.1134/s0026893320060151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To design an effective and safe vaccine against betacoronaviruses, it is necessary to use their evolutionarily conservative antigenic determinants that will elicit the combination of strong humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Targeting such determinants minimizes the risk of antibody-dependent enhancement of viral infection. This phenomenon was observed in animal trials of experimental vaccines against SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV that were developed based on inactivated coronavirus or vector constructs expressing the spike protein (S) of the virion. The substitution and glycosylation of certain amino acids in the antigenic determinants of the S-protein, as well as its conformational changes, can lead to the same effect in a new experimental vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Using more conservative structural and accessory viral proteins for the vaccine antigenic determinants will help to avoid this problem. This review outlines approaches for developing vaccines against the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus that are based on non-pathogenic viral vectors. For efficient prevention of infections caused by respiratory pathogens the ability of the vaccine to stimulate mucosal immunity in the respiratory tract is important. Such a vaccine can be developed using non-pathogenic Sendai virus vector, since it can be administered intranasally and induce a mucosal immune response that strengthens the antiviral barrier in the respiratory tract and provides reliable protection against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Y D Nechipurenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Adzhubey
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.,George Washington University, 20052 Washington, DC USA
| | - S B Onikienko
- Department of Military Field Therapy, Kirov Military Medical Academy, 194044 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V A Chereshnev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - S S Zainutdinov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector,", 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - G V Kochneva
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector,", 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - S V Netesov
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - O V Matveeva
- Sendai Viralytics, 117261 Acton, MA USA.,Biopolymer Design, 117281 Acton, MA USA
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10
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Borgohain MP, Haridhasapavalan KK, Dey C, Adhikari P, Thummer RP. An Insight into DNA-free Reprogramming Approaches to Generate Integration-free Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Prospective Biomedical Applications. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 15:286-313. [PMID: 30417242 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-018-9861-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
More than a decade ago, a pioneering study reported generation of induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) by ectopic expression of a cocktail of reprogramming factors in fibroblasts. This study has revolutionized stem cell research and has garnered immense interest from the scientific community globally. iPSCs hold tremendous potential for understanding human developmental biology, disease modeling, drug screening and discovery, and personalized cell-based therapeutic applications. The seminal study identified Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc as a potent combination of genes to induce reprogramming. Subsequently, various reprogramming factors were identified by numerous groups. Most of these studies have used integrating viral vectors to overexpress reprogramming factors in somatic cells to derive iPSCs. However, these techniques restrict the clinical applicability of these cells as they may alter the genome due to random viral integration resulting in insertional mutagenesis and tumorigenicity. To circumvent this issue, alternative integration-free reprogramming approaches are continuously developed that eliminate the risk of genomic modifications and improve the prospects of iPSCs from lab to clinic. These methods establish that integration of transgenes into the genome is not essential to induce pluripotency in somatic cells. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the most promising DNA-free reprogramming techniques that have the potential to derive integration-free iPSCs without genomic manipulation, such as sendai virus, recombinant proteins, microRNAs, synthetic messenger RNA and small molecules. The understanding of these approaches shall pave a way for the generation of clinical-grade iPSCs. Subsequently, these iPSCs can be differentiated into desired cell type(s) for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manash P Borgohain
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Haridhasapavalan
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Chandrima Dey
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Poulomi Adhikari
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Rajkumar P Thummer
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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11
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Nasal vaccine delivery attenuates brain pathology and cognitive impairment in tauopathy model mice. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:28. [PMID: 32219000 PMCID: PMC7096417 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-0172-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological aggregates of tau proteins accumulate in the brains of neurodegenerative tauopathies including Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-tau). Although immunotherapies of these disorders against tau are emerging, it is unknown whether nasal delivery, which offers many benefits over traditional approaches to vaccine administration, is effective or not for tauopathy. Here, we developed vaccination against a secreted form of pathological tau linked to FTLD-tau using a Sendai virus (SeV) vector infectious to host nasal mucosa, a key part of the immune system. Tau vaccines given as nasal drops induced tissue tau-immunoreactive antibody production and ameliorated cognitive impairment in FTLD-tau model mice. In vivo imaging and postmortem neuropathological assays demonstrated the suppression of phosphorylated tau accumulation, neurotoxic gliosis, and neuronal loss in the hippocampus of immunized mice. These findings suggest that nasal vaccine delivery may provide a therapeutic opportunity for a broad range of populations with human tauopathy.
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12
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Wang Q, Vossen A, Ikeda Y, Devaux P. Measles vector as a multigene delivery platform facilitating iPSC reprogramming. Gene Ther 2019; 26:151-164. [PMID: 30718755 PMCID: PMC8228481 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-019-0058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a unique platform for individualized cell therapy approaches. Currently, episomal DNA, mRNA, and Sendai virus-based RNA reprogramming systems are widely used to generate iPSCs. However, they all rely on the use of multiple (three to six) components (vectors/plasmids/mRNAs) leading to the production of partially reprogrammed cells, reducing the efficiency of the systems. We produced a one-cycle measles virus (MV) vector by substituting the viral attachment protein gene with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene. Here, we present a highly efficient multi-transgene delivery system based on a vaccine strain of MV, a non-integrating RNA virus that has a long-standing safety record in humans. Introduction of the four reprogramming factors OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and cMYC via a single, "one-cycle" MV vector efficiently reprogrammed human somatic cells into iPSCs, whereas MV vector genomes are rapidly eliminated in derived iPSCs. Our MV vector system offers a new reprogramming platform for genomic modification-free iPSCs amenable for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Alanna Vossen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Ikeda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Track, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Patricia Devaux
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Track, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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13
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Jiang Y, Gaudin A, Zhang J, Agarwal T, Song E, Kauffman AC, Tietjen GT, Wang Y, Jiang Z, Cheng CJ, Saltzman WM. A "top-down" approach to actuate poly(amine-co-ester) terpolymers for potent and safe mRNA delivery. Biomaterials 2018; 176:122-130. [PMID: 29879653 PMCID: PMC6038928 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Gene delivery is known to be a complicated multi-step biological process. It has been observed that subtle differences in the structure and properties of polymeric materials used for gene delivery can lead to dramatic differences in transfection efficiency. Therefore, screening of properties is pivotal to optimizing the polymer. So far, most polymeric materials are built in a "bottom-up" manner, i.e. synthesized from monomers that allow modification of polymer composition or structural factors. With this method, we previously synthesized and screened a library of biodegradable poly(amine-co-ester) (PACE) terpolymers for optimized DNA delivery. However, it can be tedious and time consuming to synthesize a polymer library for screening, particularly when small changes of a factor need to be tested, when multiple factors are involved, and when the effects of different factors are synergistic. In the present work, we evaluate the potential of PACE to deliver mRNA. After observing that mRNA transfection efficiency was highly dependent on both end group composition and molecular weight (MW) of PACE in a synergistic manner, we developed a "top-down" process we called actuation, to simultaneously vary these two factors. Some of the actuated PACE (aPACE) materials presented superior mRNA delivery properties compared to regular PACE, with up to a 106-fold-increase in mRNA transfection efficiency in vitro. Moreover, when aPACE was used to deliver mRNA coding for erythropoietin (EPO) in vivo, it produced high levels of EPO in the blood for up to 48 h without inducing systemic toxicity. This polymer constitutes a new delivery vehicle for mRNA-based treatments that provides safe yet potent protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Alice Gaudin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Junwei Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Tushar Agarwal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Eric Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Amy C Kauffman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Gregory T Tietjen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Yongheng Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Zhaozhong Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | | | - W Mark Saltzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
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14
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Segmentation of the rabies virus genome. Virus Res 2018; 252:68-75. [PMID: 29787783 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We established a system for the recovery of a segmented recombinant rabies virus, the virus genome RNA of which was divided into two parts: segment 1 encoding the nucleoprotein, phosphoprotein, matrix protein, and glycoprotein genes, and segment 2 encoding the large RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene. The morphology of the segmented recombinant rabies virus was bullet-like in shape with a length of approximately 130 nm, which is shorter than the 200-nm long non-segmented recombinant rabies virus. The segmented recombinant rabies virus was maintained for at least 18 passages. The virus multiplication rate of the segmented recombinant rabies virus was lower than that of the non-segmented recombinant rabies virus during the passages, and the relative amounts of virus genome RNAs for segment 1 and segment 2 differed in the supernatant of the segmented recombinant rabies virus infected cells. These results suggest that the segmented recombinant rabies virus packages either segment 1 or segment 2 into each virus particle. Thus, co-infection with segmented recombinant rabies virus particles packaging segment 1 or segment 2 may be necessary for the production of progeny virus.
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15
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Mora C, Serzanti M, Consiglio A, Memo M, Dell'Era P. Clinical potentials of human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2017; 33:351-360. [PMID: 28176010 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-017-9384-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aging, injuries, and diseases can be considered as the result of malfunctioning or damaged cells. Regenerative medicine aims to restore tissue homeostasis by repairing or replacing cells, tissues, or damaged organs, by linking and combining different disciplines including engineering, technology, biology, and medicine. To pursue these goals, the discipline is taking advantage of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), a peculiar type of cell possessing the ability to differentiate into every cell type of the body. Human PSCs can be isolated from the blastocysts and maintained in culture indefinitely, giving rise to the so-called embryonic stem cells (ESCs). However, since 2006, it is possible to restore in an adult cell a pluripotent ESC-like condition by forcing the expression of four transcription factors with the rejuvenating reprogramming technology invented by Yamanaka. Then the two types of PSC can be differentiated, using standardized protocols, towards the cell type necessary for the regeneration. Although the use of these derivatives for therapeutic transplantation is still in the preliminary phase of safety and efficacy studies, a lot of efforts are presently taking place to discover the biological mechanisms underlying genetic pathologies, by differentiating induced PSCs derived from patients, and new therapies by challenging PSC-derived cells in drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mora
- Cellular Fate Reprogramming Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marialaura Serzanti
- Cellular Fate Reprogramming Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonella Consiglio
- Cellular Fate Reprogramming Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Memo
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Dell'Era
- Cellular Fate Reprogramming Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
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16
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Nanotechnologies in delivery of mRNA therapeutics using nonviral vector-based delivery systems. Gene Ther 2017; 24:133-143. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2017.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Simple Derivation of Spinal Motor Neurons from ESCs/iPSCs Using Sendai Virus Vectors. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2017; 4:115-125. [PMID: 28344997 PMCID: PMC5363292 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and fatal degenerative disorder of motor neurons (MNs). Embryonic stem cells (ESCs)/induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) now help us to understand the pathomechanisms of ALS via disease modeling. Various methods to differentiate ESCs/iPSCs into MNs by the addition of signaling molecules have been reported. However, classical methods require multiple steps, and newer simple methods using the transduction of transcription factors run the risk of genomic integration of the vector genes. Heterogeneity of the expression levels of the transcription factors also remains an issue. Here we describe a novel approach for differentiating human and mouse ESCs/iPSCs into MNs using a single Sendai virus vector encoding three transcription factors, LIM/homeobox protein 3, neurogenin 2, and islet-1, which are integration free. This single-vector method, generating HB9-positive cells on day 2 from human iPSCs, increases the ratio of MNs to neurons compared to the use of three separate Sendai virus vectors. In addition, the MNs derived via this method from iPSCs of ALS patients and model mice display disease phenotypes. This simple approach significantly reduces the efforts required to generate MNs, and it provides a useful tool for disease modeling.
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18
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Schott JW, Morgan M, Galla M, Schambach A. Viral and Synthetic RNA Vector Technologies and Applications. Mol Ther 2016; 24:1513-27. [PMID: 27377044 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2016.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of RNA is an increasingly popular method to transiently deliver genetic information for cell manipulation in basic research and clinical therapy. In these settings, viral and nonviral RNA platforms are employed for delivery of small interfering RNA and protein-coding mRNA. Technological advances allowing RNA modification for increased stability, improved translation and reduced immunogenicity have led to increased use of nonviral synthetic RNA, which is delivered in naked form or upon formulation. Alternatively, highly efficient viral entry pathways are exploited to transfer genes of interest as RNA incorporated into viral particles. Current viral RNA transfer technologies are derived from Retroviruses, nonsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses or positive-stranded Alpha- and Flaviviruses. In retroviral particles, the genes of interest can either be incorporated directly into the viral RNA genome or as nonviral RNA. Nonsegmented negative-strand virus-, Alpha- and Flavivirus-derived vectors support prolonged expression windows through replication of viral RNA encoding genes of interest. Mixed technologies combining viral and nonviral components are also available. RNA transfer is ideal for all settings that do not require permanent transgene expression and excludes potentially detrimental DNA integration into the target cell genome. Thus, RNA-based technologies are successfully applied for reprogramming, transdifferentiation, gene editing, vaccination, tumor therapy, and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane W Schott
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Morgan
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Galla
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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19
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Kishino Y, Seki T, Yuasa S, Fujita J, Fukuda K. Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Peripheral T Cells Using Sendai Virus in Feeder-free Conditions. J Vis Exp 2015. [PMID: 26650709 PMCID: PMC4692705 DOI: 10.3791/53225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, iPSCs have attracted attention as a new source of cells for regenerative therapies. Although the initial method for generating iPSCs relied on dermal fibroblasts obtained by invasive biopsy and retroviral genomic insertion of transgenes, there have been many efforts to avoid these disadvantages. Human peripheral T cells are a unique cell source for generating iPSCs. iPSCs derived from T cells contain rearrangements of the T cell receptor (TCR) genes and are a source of antigen-specific T cells. Additionally, T cell receptor rearrangement in the genome has the potential to label individual cell lines and distinguish between transplanted and donor cells. For safe clinical application of iPSCs, it is important to minimize the risk of exposing newly generated iPSCs to harmful agents. Although fetal bovine serum and feeder cells have been essential for pluripotent stem cell culture, it is preferable to remove them from the culture system to reduce the risk of unpredictable pathogenicity. To address this, we have established a protocol for generating iPSCs from human peripheral T cells using Sendai virus to reduce the risk of exposing iPSCs to undefined pathogens. Although handling Sendai virus requires equipment with the appropriate biosafety level, Sendai virus infects activated T cells without genome insertion, yet with high efficiency. In this protocol, we demonstrate the generation of iPSCs from human peripheral T cells in feeder-free conditions using a combination of activated T cell culture and Sendai virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomohisa Seki
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Shinsuke Yuasa
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Jun Fujita
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine;
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20
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Youn H, Chung JK. Modified mRNA as an alternative to plasmid DNA (pDNA) for transcript replacement and vaccination therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 15:1337-48. [PMID: 26125492 PMCID: PMC4696419 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1057563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Current gene therapy involves replacement of defective gene by delivery of healthy genetic material to precede normal function. Virus-mediated gene delivery is the most successful and efficient method for gene therapy, but it has been challenged due to serious safety concerns. Conversely, gene delivery using plasmid DNA (pDNA) is considered safer, but its transfection efficiency is much lower than virus-mediated gene transfer. Recently, mRNA has been suggested as an alternative option to avoid undesired insertion of delivered DNA sequences with higher transfection efficiency and stability. Area covered: In this review, we summarize the currently available strategies of mRNA modification to increase the therapeutic efficacy; we also highlight the recent improvements of mRNA delivery for in vivo applications of gene therapy. Expert opinion: The use of mRNA-based gene transfer could indeed be a promising new strategy for gene therapy. Notable advantages include no risk of integration into the genomic DNA, adjustable gene expression and easier modulation of the immune system. By reducing or utilizing the immunogenic properties, mRNA offers a promising tool for gene/or transcript replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Youn
- Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine , 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799 , Korea +82 2 2072 3341 ; +82 2 745 7690 ;
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21
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Driscoll CB, Tonne JM, El Khatib M, Cattaneo R, Ikeda Y, Devaux P. Nuclear reprogramming with a non-integrating human RNA virus. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:48. [PMID: 25889591 PMCID: PMC4415226 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0035-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advances in the field of stem cells have led to novel avenues for generating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from differentiated somatic cells. iPSCs are typically obtained by the introduction of four factors--OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and cMYC--via integrating vectors. Here, we report the feasibility of a novel reprogramming process based on vectors derived from the non-integrating vaccine strain of measles virus (MV). METHODS We produced a one-cycle MV vector by substituting the viral attachment protein gene with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene. This vector was further engineered to encode for OCT4 in an additional transcription unit. RESULTS After verification of OCT4 expression, we assessed the ability of iPSC reprogramming. The reprogramming vector cocktail with the OCT4-expressing MV vector and SOX2-, KLF4-, and cMYC-expressing lentiviral vectors efficiently transduced human skin fibroblasts and formed iPSC colonies. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining confirmed induction of endogenous pluripotency-associated marker genes, such as SSEA-4, TRA-1-60, and Nanog. Pluripotency of derived clones was confirmed by spontaneous differentiation into three germ layers, teratoma formation, and guided differentiation into beating cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS MV vectors can induce efficient nuclear reprogramming. Given the excellent safety record of MV vaccines and the translational capabilities recently developed to produce MV-based vectors now used for cancer clinical trials, our MV vector system provides an RNA-based, non-integrating gene transfer platform for nuclear reprogramming that is amenable for immediate clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Driscoll
- Department of Molecular Medicine, and Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Track, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Jason M Tonne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, and Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Track, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Moustafa El Khatib
- Department of Molecular Medicine, and Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Track, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Roberto Cattaneo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, and Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Track, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Yasuhiro Ikeda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, and Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Track, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Patricia Devaux
- Department of Molecular Medicine, and Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Track, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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22
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Hu K. Vectorology and factor delivery in induced pluripotent stem cell reprogramming. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:1301-15. [PMID: 24625220 PMCID: PMC4046209 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) reprogramming requires sustained expression of multiple reprogramming factors for a limited period of time (10-30 days). Conventional iPSC reprogramming was achieved using lentiviral or simple retroviral vectors. Retroviral reprogramming has flaws of insertional mutagenesis, uncontrolled silencing, residual expression and re-activation of transgenes, and immunogenicity. To overcome these issues, various technologies were explored, including adenoviral vectors, protein transduction, RNA transfection, minicircle DNA, excisable PiggyBac (PB) transposon, Cre-lox excision system, negative-sense RNA replicon, positive-sense RNA replicon, Epstein-Barr virus-based episomal plasmids, and repeated transfections of plasmids. This review provides summaries of the main vectorologies and factor delivery systems used in current reprogramming protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejin Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, UAB Stem Cell Institute, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
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23
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Zimmermann M, Armeanu-Ebinger S, Bossow S, Lampe J, Smirnow I, Schenk A, Lange S, Weiss TS, Neubert W, Lauer UM, Bitzer M. Attenuated and protease-profile modified sendai virus vectors as a new tool for virotherapy of solid tumors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90508. [PMID: 24598703 PMCID: PMC3944018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple types of oncolytic viruses are currently under investigation in clinical trials. To optimize therapeutic outcomes it is believed that the plethora of different tumor types will require a diversity of different virus types. Sendai virus (SeV), a murine parainfluenza virus, displays a broad host range, enters cells within minutes and already has been applied safely as a gene transfer vector in gene therapy patients. However, SeV spreading naturally is abrogated in human cells due to a lack of virus activating proteases. To enable oncolytic applications of SeV we here engineered a set of novel recombinant vectors by a two-step approach: (i) introduction of an ubiquitously recognized cleavage-motive into SeV fusion protein now enabling continuous spreading in human tissues, and (ii) profound attenuation of these rSeV by the knockout of viral immune modulating accessory proteins. When employing human hepatoma cell lines, newly generated SeV variants now reached high titers and induced a profound tumor cell lysis. In contrast, virus release from untransformed human fibroblasts or primary human hepatocytes was found to be reduced by about three log steps in a time course experiment which enables the cumulation of kinetic differences of the distinct phases of viral replication such as primary target cell infection, target cell replication, and progeny virus particle release. In a hepatoma xenograft animal model we found a tumor-specific spreading of our novel recombinant SeV vectors without evidence of biodistribution into non-malignant tissues. In conclusion, we successfully developed novel tumor-selective oncolytic rSeV vectors, constituting a new tool for virotherapy of solid tumors being ready for further preclinical and clinical development to address distinct tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zimmermann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Sascha Bossow
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Lampe
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Irina Smirnow
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Schenk
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lange
- Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, München, Germany
| | - Thomas S. Weiss
- Center for Liver Cell Research, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Regensburg Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Neubert
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, Department Molecular Virology, Martinsried Germany
| | - Ulrich M. Lauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Bitzer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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24
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Chen IP, Fukuda K, Fusaki N, Iida A, Hasegawa M, Lichtler A, Reichenberger EJ. Induced pluripotent stem cell reprogramming by integration-free Sendai virus vectors from peripheral blood of patients with craniometaphyseal dysplasia. Cell Reprogram 2013; 15:503-13. [PMID: 24219578 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2013.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of rare genetic bone disorders are often limited due to unavailability of tissue specimens and the lack of animal models fully replicating phenotypic features. Craniometaphyseal dysplasia (CMD) is a rare monogenic disorder characterized by hyperostosis of craniofacial bones concurrent with abnormal shape of long bones. Mutations for autosomal dominant CMD have been identified in the ANK gene (ANKH). Here we describe a simple and efficient method to reprogram adherent cells cultured from peripheral blood to human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from eight CMD patients and five healthy controls. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were separated from 5-7 mL of whole blood by Ficoll gradient, expanded in the presence of cytokines and transduced with Sendai virus (SeV) vectors encoding OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC. SeV vector, a cytoplasmic RNA vector, is lost from host cells after propagation for 10-13 passages. These hiPSCs express stem cell markers, have normal karyotypes, and are capable of forming embryoid bodies in vitro as well as teratomas in vivo. Further differentiation of these patient-specific iPSCs into osteoblasts and osteoclasts can provide a useful tool to study the effects CMD mutations on bone, and this approach can be applied for disease modeling of other rare genetic musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ping Chen
- 1 Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center , Farmington, CT, 06030
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25
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Geiling B, Vandal G, Posner AR, de Bruyns A, Dutchak KL, Garnett S, Dankort D. A modular lentiviral and retroviral construction system to rapidly generate vectors for gene expression and gene knockdown in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76279. [PMID: 24146852 PMCID: PMC3795761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to express exogenous cDNAs while suppressing endogenous genes via RNAi represents an extremely powerful research tool with the most efficient non-transient approach being accomplished through stable viral vector integration. Unfortunately, since traditional restriction enzyme based methods for constructing such vectors are sequence dependent, their construction is often difficult and not amenable to mass production. Here we describe a non-sequence dependent Gateway recombination cloning system for the rapid production of novel lentiviral (pLEG) and retroviral (pREG) vectors. Using this system to recombine 3 or 4 modular plasmid components it is possible to generate viral vectors expressing cDNAs with or without inhibitory RNAs (shRNAmirs). In addition, we demonstrate a method to rapidly produce and triage novel shRNAmirs for use with this system. Once strong candidate shRNAmirs have been identified they may be linked together in tandem to knockdown expression of multiple targets simultaneously or to improve the knockdown of a single target. Here we demonstrate that these recombinant vectors are able to express cDNA and effectively knockdown protein expression using both cell culture and animal model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Geiling
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Vandal
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ada R. Posner
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Samantha Garnett
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Dankort
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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26
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Zhang XB. Cellular reprogramming of human peripheral blood cells. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2013; 11:264-74. [PMID: 24060839 PMCID: PMC4357833 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Breakthroughs in cell fate conversion have made it possible to generate large quantities of patient-specific cells for regenerative medicine. Due to multiple advantages of peripheral blood cells over fibroblasts from skin biopsy, the use of blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) instead of skin fibroblasts will expedite reprogramming research and broaden the application of reprogramming technology. This review discusses current progress and challenges of generating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from peripheral blood MNCs and of in vitro and in vivo conversion of blood cells into cells of therapeutic value, such as mesenchymal stem cells, neural cells and hepatocytes. An optimized design of lentiviral vectors is necessary to achieve high reprogramming efficiency of peripheral blood cells. More recently, non-integrating vectors such as Sendai virus and episomal vectors have been successfully employed in generating integration-free iPSCs and somatic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bing Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
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27
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Abstract
mRNA has become an important alternative to DNA as a tool for cell reprogramming. To be expressed, exogenous DNA must be transmitted through the cell cytoplasm and placed into the nucleus. In contrast, exogenous mRNA simply has to be delivered into the cytoplasm. This can result in a highly uniform transfection of the whole population of cells, an advantage that has not been observed with DNA transfer. The use of mRNA, instead of DNA, in medical applications increases protocol safety by abolishing the risk of transgene insertion into host genomes. In this chapter, we review the aspects of mRNA structure and function that are important for its "transgenic" behavior, such as the composition of mRNA molecules and complexes with RNA binding proteins, localization of mRNA in cytoplasmic compartments, translation, and the duration of mRNA expression. In immunotherapy, mRNA is employed in reprogramming of antigen presenting cells (vaccination) and cytolytic lymphocytes. Other applications include generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, and genome engineering with modularly assembled nucleases. The most investigated applications of mRNA technology are also reviewed here.
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28
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Sacheli R, Delacroix L, Vandenackerveken P, Nguyen L, Malgrange B. Gene transfer in inner ear cells: a challenging race. Gene Ther 2012; 20:237-47. [PMID: 22739386 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2012.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in human genomics led to the identification of numerous defective genes causing deafness, which represent novel putative therapeutic targets. Future gene-based treatment of deafness resulting from genetic or acquired sensorineural hearing loss may include strategies ranging from gene therapy to antisense delivery. For successful development of gene therapies, a minimal requirement involves the engineering of appropriate gene carrier systems. Transfer of exogenous genetic material into the mammalian inner ear using viral or non-viral vectors has been characterized over the last decade. The nature of inner ear cells targeted, as well as the transgene expression level and duration, are highly dependent on the vector type, the route of administration and the strength of the promoter driving expression. This review summarizes and discusses recent advances in inner ear gene-transfer technologies aimed at examining gene function or identifying new treatment for inner ear disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sacheli
- GIGA-Neurosciences, Developmental Neurobiology Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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29
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Kudva YC, Ohmine S, Greder LV, Dutton JR, Armstrong A, De Lamo JG, Khan YK, Thatava T, Hasegawa M, Fusaki N, Slack JMW, Ikeda Y. Transgene-free disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cells from patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Stem Cells Transl Med 2012. [PMID: 23197849 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2011-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology enables derivation of patient-specific pluripotent stem cells from adult somatic cells without using an embryonic cell source. Redifferentiation of iPSCs from diabetic patients into pancreatic islets will allow patient-specific disease modeling and autologous cell replacement therapy for failing islets. To date, diabetes-specific iPSCs have been generated from patients with type 1 diabetes using integrating retroviral vectors. However, vector integration into the host genome could compromise the biosafety and differentiation propensities of derived iPSCs. Although various integration-free reprogramming systems have been described, their utility to reprogram somatic cells from patients remains largely undetermined. Here, we used nonintegrating Sendai viral vectors to reprogram cells from patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Sendai vector infection led to reproducible generation of genomic modification-free iPSCs (SV-iPSCs) from patients with diabetes, including an 85-year-old individual with T2D. SV-iPSCs lost the Sendai viral genome and antigens within 8-12 passages while maintaining pluripotency. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of SV-iPSCs revealed induction of endogenous pluripotency genes and downregulation of genes involved in the oxidative stress response and the INK4/ARF pathways, including p16(INK4a), p15(INK4b), and p21(CIP1). SV-iPSCs and iPSCs made with integrating lentiviral vectors demonstrated remarkable similarities in global gene expression profiles. Thus, the Sendai vector system facilitates reliable reprogramming of patient cells into transgene-free iPSCs, providing a pluripotent platform for personalized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for diabetes and diabetes-associated complications.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromosomes, Human/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human/metabolism
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p15/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p15/metabolism
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genes, p16
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- Genetic Vectors/metabolism
- Genome, Viral
- Humans
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/transplantation
- Keratinocytes/cytology
- Keratinocytes/metabolism
- Lentivirus/genetics
- Lentivirus/metabolism
- Male
- Octamer Transcription Factor-3/genetics
- Octamer Transcription Factor-3/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress
- Sendai virus/genetics
- Sendai virus/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Transcriptome
- Transgenes
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogish C Kudva
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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30
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Kitamura A, Matsushita K, Takiguchi Y, Shimada H, Tada Y, Yamanaka M, Hiroshima K, Tagawa M, Tomonaga T, Matsubara H, Inoue M, Hasegawa M, Sato Y, Levens D, Tatsumi K, Nomura F. Synergistic effect of non-transmissible Sendai virus vector encoding the c-myc suppressor FUSE-binding protein-interacting repressor plus cisplatin in the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Cancer Sci 2011; 102:1366-73. [PMID: 21435101 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.01931.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human malignant pleural mesothelioma (HMPM) is highly resistant to conventional therapy, and therefore novel therapies are required. We previously reported that overexpression of the FUSE-binding protein-interacting repressor (FIR), a c-myc transcriptional repressor, induces apoptosis via c-Myc suppression, and is thus a suitable cancer therapy. In the current preclinical trial, a fusion gene deleted non-transmissible Sendai virus vector encoding FIR (SeV/ΔF/FIR) was prepared and its cytotoxic activity against an orthotopic xenograft model of HMPM, in combination with cisplatin, was assessed. SeV/ΔF/FIR and a fusion gene deleted non-transmissible Sendai virus vector encoding green fluorescent protein (SeV/ΔF/GFP) were prepared. The transduction efficiency of these agents in terms of dose-dependent cytotoxicity and/or apoptosis induction was then assessed in a few HMPM cells. Combination therapy with SeV/ΔF/FIR plus cisplatin was evaluated in vitro and in a mouse model. SeV/ΔF/FIR significantly reduced cell viability in three HMPM cell lines but was less effective in non-tumor immortalized mesothelial cells. SeV/ΔF/FIR cytotoxicity was partly due to apoptosis induction via c-Myc suppression. In addition, SeV/ΔF/FIR showed synergistic antitumor effects in combination with cisplatin, as was revealed by isobologram analysis in MSTO-211H. Moreover, combination therapy with SeV/ΔF/FIR plus cisplatin demonstrated significant tumor reduction and improvement in survival rate in an animal model. Combination therapy with SeV/ΔF/FIR plus cisplatin has therapeutic potential against HMPM. SeV/ΔF/FIR plus cisplatin will be an attractive modality against HMPM in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kitamura
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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31
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Tavernier G, Andries O, Demeester J, Sanders NN, De Smedt SC, Rejman J. mRNA as gene therapeutic: How to control protein expression. J Control Release 2011; 150:238-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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32
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Oishi K, Noguchi H, Yukawa H, Inoue M, Miyamoto Y, Iwata H, Hasegawa M, Hayashi S. Efficient transfection of sendai virus vector to mouse pancreatic stem cells in the floating state. Cell Transplant 2010; 19:893-900. [PMID: 20587148 DOI: 10.3727/096368910x509022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sendai virus (SeV) vectors can efficiently introduce foreign genes without toxicity into various organs and are expected to be clinically applicable. We previously compared the transfectional efficiency of SeV and adenovirus (AdV) vectors by assessing the transfer of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene to pancreatic stem cells. Although the gene transfer efficiency was similar between these vectors, SeV vector had a lower toxicity in comparison to the AdV vector. In this study, we assessed the gene transfer efficiency of SeV vector in the floating state to pancreatic stem cells. The efficiency of gene transfer was much higher at all time points and at all concentrations in the floating state versus in the adhesion state. In addition, the pancreatic stem cells transfected with SeV in the floating state maintained their differentiation ability. These data suggest that SeV transfection to pancreatic stem cells in the floating state may be useful in gene transfer technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Oishi
- Department of Advanced Medicine in Biotechnology and Robotics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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33
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Piao W, Wang H, Inoue M, Hasegawa M, Hamada H, Huang J. Transplantation of Sendai viral angiopoietin-1-modified mesenchymal stem cells for ischemic limb disease. Angiogenesis 2010; 13:203-10. [PMID: 20458615 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-010-9169-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sendai viral vector (SeV) is emerging as a promising vector for gene therapy. However, little information is available regarding the combination of SeV-mediated gene and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy in dealing with ischemic diseases. In this study, we infected SeV to the MSCs in vitro; and injected MSCs modified with SeV harboring human angiopoietin-1 gene (SeVhAng-1) into the ischemic limb of rats in vivo. We found SeV had high transductive efficiency to the MSCs. Both MSCs and SeVhAng-1-modified MSCs improved the blood flow recovery and increased the capillary density of the ischemic limb, compared with the control. However, in contrast to MSCs, SeVhAng-1-modified MSCs had a better improvement of blood flow recovery in the ischemic limb. We further found the ischemic limb injected with SeVhAng-1-modified MSCs had strong expression of p-Akt, which improved survival of MSCs injected into the ischemic limb. This indicated SeVhAng-1 modification enhanced angiogenetic effect of MSCs by both angiogenesis and cell protection. We conclude that SeVhAng-1-modified MSCs may serve as a more effective tool in dealing with ischemic limb disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Piao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ningxia People's Hospital, YinChuan, China
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34
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Huang J, Inoue M, Hasegawa M, Tomihara K, Tanaka T, Chen J, Hamada H. Sendai viral vector mediated angiopoietin-1 gene transfer for experimental ischemic limb disease. Angiogenesis 2009; 12:243-9. [PMID: 19322669 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-009-9144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sendai virus vector is emerging as a promising vector for gene therapy, and angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) has been reported to improve the blood flow recovery in the ischemic limb or heart. In this study, we constructed a human Ang-1-expressing Sendai viral vector (SeVhAng-1) and injected it into the ischemic limb of rats. We found that SeVhAng-1 improved the blood flow recovery and increased the capillary density of the ischemic limb, compared with the controls. We also found that SeVhAng-1 increased p-Akt during the early period of limb ischemia, and decreased apoptosis in ischemic limb. It suggests that SeVhAng-1 may serve as a potential therapeutic tool in ischemic limb disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan.
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35
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Yamamoto A, Kormann M, Rosenecker J, Rudolph C. Current prospects for mRNA gene delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009; 71:484-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2007] [Revised: 07/21/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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36
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Touzelet O, Loukili N, Pelet T, Fairley D, Curran J, Power UF. De novo generation of a non-segmented negative strand RNA virus with a bicistronic gene. Virus Res 2009; 140:40-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2008.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Revised: 10/29/2008] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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37
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Inoue H, Iga M, Nabeta H, Yokoo T, Suehiro Y, Okano S, Inoue M, Kinoh H, Katagiri T, Takayama K, Yonemitsu Y, Hasegawa M, Nakamura Y, Nakanishi Y, Tani K. Non-transmissible Sendai virus encoding granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor is a novel and potent vector system for producing autologous tumor vaccines. Cancer Sci 2008; 99:2315-26. [PMID: 18957055 PMCID: PMC11159209 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2008.00964.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent clinical application of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-transduced autologous tumor vaccines revealed substantial antitumor activity and valuable clinical results. However, for these vaccines to be optimally effective, the antitumor efficacies must be improved. Recently, Sendai virus (SeV) vectors, which are cytoplasmic RNA vectors, have emerged as safe vectors with high gene transduction. In the current study, the in vivo therapeutic antitumor efficacies of irradiated GM-CSF-transduced mouse renal cell carcinoma (RENCA) vaccine cells mediated by either fusion gene-deleted non-transmissible SeV encoding mouse GM-CSF (SeV/dF/G) or adenovirus (E1, E3 deleted serotype 5 adenovirus) encoding mouse GM-CSF (AdV/G) (respectively described as irRC/SeV/GM or irRC/AdV/GM) were compared in RENCA-bearing mice. The results showed that the antitumor effect was equivalent between irRC/SeV/GM and irRC/AdV/GM cells, even though the former produced less GM-CSF in vitro. The cell numbers of activated (CD80(+), CD86(+), CD80( (+) )CD86(+)) dendritic cells in lymph nodes from mice treated with irRC/AdV/GM or irRC/SeV/GM cells were increased significantly compared with those of mice treated with the respective controls, at both the earlier and later phases. In an in vitro cytotoxicity assay, splenocytes harvested from mice treated with both irRC/SeV/GM and irRC/AdV/GM cells showed tumor-specific responses against RENCA cells. The restimulated splenocytes harvested from mice treated with irRC/SeV/GM or irRC/AdV/GM cells produced significantly higher levels of interleukin-2, interleukin-4, and interferon-gamma compared with their respective controls (P < 0.05). Furthermore, vaccination with irRC/AdV/GM or irRC/SeV/GM cells induced significantly enhanced recruitment of the cytolytic effectors of CD107a(+)CD8(+) T cells and CD107a(+) natural killer cells into tumors compared with those induced by their respective controls (P < 0.05). Taken together, our results suggest that the SeV/dF/G vector is a potential candidate for the production of effective autologous GM-CSF-transduced tumor vaccines in clinical cancer immune gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Inoue
- Department of Advanced Cell and Molecular Therapy, Division of Molecular and Clinical Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University Hospital, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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38
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Yu S, Feng X, Shu T, Matano T, Hasegawa M, Wang X, Ma H, Li H, Li Z, Zeng Y. Potent specific immune responses induced by prime-boost-boost strategies based on DNA, adenovirus, and Sendai virus vectors expressing gag gene of Chinese HIV-1 subtype B. Vaccine 2008; 26:6124-31. [PMID: 18812199 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Revised: 08/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To study the immune responses elicited by multiple vectors and develop vaccines strategies against prevalent HIV-1 strains in China, we have examined the potency of vaccine regimens of plasmid DNA, adenovirus, and Sendai virus vectors expressing HIV-1 gag consensus sequence of HIV-1 isolates from China for inducing specific immune responses. In BALB/c mice, combination of these vectors induced higher Gag-specific cellular immune response than any regimen using single vector alone. The prime-boost-boost regimen consisting of the triple heterologous vectors induced Gag-specific T-cell responses the most efficiently. In rhesus macaques, the prime-boost-boost regimen induced potent Gag-specific cellular immune responses as well as long lasting humoral immune response, and each booster resulted in rapid and efficient expansion of Gag-specific T cells. These results indicate that this prime-boost-boost regimen using triple heterologous vectors is a promising AIDS vaccine candidate for efficiently inducing HIV-1-specific cellular and humoral immune responses. Its further studies as a promising scheme for therapeutic and/or prophylactic HIV-1 vaccines should be grounded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangqing Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
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39
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Knockout Serum Replacement (KSR) Has a Suppressive Effect on Sendai Virus-Mediated Transduction of Cynomolgus ES Cells. CLONING AND STEM CELLS 2008; 10:307-12. [DOI: 10.1089/clo.2007.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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40
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Feng X, Yu SQ, Shu T, Matano T, Hasegawa M, Wang XL, Ma HT, Li HX, Zeng Y. Immunogenicity of DNA and recombinant Sendai virus vaccines expressing the HIV-1 gag gene. Virol Sin 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12250-008-2946-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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41
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[Sendai virus vector: vector development and its application to health care and biotechnology]. Uirusu 2008; 57:29-36. [PMID: 18040152 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.57.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Sendai virus (SeV) is an enveloped virus with a nonsegmented negative-strand RNA genome and a member of the paramyxovirus family. We have developed SeV vector which has shown a high efficiently of gene transfer and expression of foreign genes to a wide range of dividing and non-dividing mammalian cells and tissues. One of the characteristics of the vector is that the genome is located exclusively in the cytoplasm of infected cells and does not go through a DNA phase; thus there is no concern about unwanted integration of foreign sequences into chromosomal DNA. Therefore, this new class of "cytoplasmic RNA vector", an RNA vector with cytoplasmic expression, is expected to be a safer and more efficient viral vector than existing vectors for application to human therapy in various fields including gene therapy and vaccination. In this review, I describe development of Sendai virus vector, its application in the field of biotechnology and clinical application aiming to treat for a large number of diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease, infectious diseases and neurologic disorders.
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Rakonczay Z, Hegyi P, Hasegawa M, Inoue M, You J, Iida A, Ignáth I, Alton EWFW, Griesenbach U, Ovári G, Vág J, Da Paula AC, Crawford RM, Varga G, Amaral MD, Mehta A, Lonovics J, Argent BE, Gray MA. CFTR gene transfer to human cystic fibrosis pancreatic duct cells using a Sendai virus vector. J Cell Physiol 2007; 214:442-55. [PMID: 17654517 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a fatal inherited disease caused by the absence or dysfunction of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl- channel. About 70% of CF patients are exocrine pancreatic insufficient due to failure of the pancreatic ducts to secrete a HCO3- -rich fluid. Our aim in this study was to investigate the potential of a recombinant Sendai virus (SeV) vector to introduce normal CFTR into human CF pancreatic duct (CFPAC-1) cells, and to assess the effect of CFTR gene transfer on the key transporters involved in HCO3- transport. Using polarized cultures of homozygous F508del CFPAC-1 cells as a model for the human CF pancreatic ductal epithelium we showed that SeV was an efficient gene transfer agent when applied to the apical membrane. The presence of functional CFTR was confirmed using iodide efflux assay. CFTR expression had no effect on cell growth, monolayer integrity, and mRNA levels for key transporters in the duct cell (pNBC, AE2, NHE2, NHE3, DRA, and PAT-1), but did upregulate the activity of apical Cl-/HCO3- and Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs). In CFTR-corrected cells, apical Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity was further enhanced by cAMP, a key feature exhibited by normal pancreatic duct cells. The cAMP stimulated Cl-/HCO3- exchange was inhibited by dihydro-4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (H2-DIDS), but not by a specific CFTR inhibitor, CFTR(inh)-172. Our data show that SeV vector is a potential CFTR gene transfer agent for human pancreatic duct cells and that expression of CFTR in CF cells is associated with a restoration of Cl- and HCO3- transport at the apical membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Rakonczay
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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43
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Ban H, Inoue M, Griesenbach U, Munkonge F, Chan M, Iida A, Alton EWFW, Hasegawa M. Expression and maturation of Sendai virus vector-derived CFTR protein: functional and biochemical evidence using a GFP-CFTR fusion protein. Gene Ther 2007; 14:1688-94. [PMID: 17898794 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3303032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Sendai virus (SeV) vector has been shown to efficiently transduce airway epithelial cells. As a precursor to the potential use of this vector for cystic fibrosis (CF) gene therapy, the correct maturation of the SeV vector-derived CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein was examined using biochemical and functional analyses. We constructed a recombinant SeV vector, based on the fusion (F) gene-deleted non-transmissible SeV vector, carrying the GFP-CFTR gene in which the N terminus of CFTR was fused to green fluorescence protein (GFP). This vector was recovered and propagated to high titers in the packaging cell line. Western blotting using an anti-GFP antibody detected both the fully glycosylated (mature) and the core-glycosylated (immature) proteins, indicating that SeV vector-derived GFP-CFTR was similar to endogenous CFTR. We also confirmed the functional channel activity of GFP-CFTR in an iodide efflux assay. The efficient expression of GFP-CFTR, and its apical surface localization, were observed in both MDCK cells in vitro, and in the nasal epithelium of mice in vivo. We concluded that recombinant SeV vector, a cytoplasmically maintained RNA vector, is able to direct production of a correctly localized, mature form of CFTR, suggesting the value of this vector for studies of CF gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ban
- DNAVEC Corporation, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
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44
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Nishimura K, Segawa H, Goto T, Morishita M, Masago A, Takahashi H, Ohmiya Y, Sakaguchi T, Asada M, Imamura T, Shimotono K, Takayama K, Yoshida T, Nakanishi M. Persistent and stable gene expression by a cytoplasmic RNA replicon based on a noncytopathic variant Sendai virus. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:27383-27391. [PMID: 17623660 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m702028200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent and stable expression of foreign genes has been achieved in mammalian cells by integrating the genes into the host chromosomes. However, this approach has several shortcomings in practical applications. For example, large scale production of protein pharmaceutics frequently requires laborious amplification of the inserted genes to optimize the gene expression. The random chromosomal insertion of exogenous DNA also results occasionally in malignant transformation of normal tissue cells, raising safety concerns in medical applications. Here we report a novel cytoplasmic RNA replicon capable of expressing installed genes stably without chromosome insertion. This system is based on the RNA genome of a noncytopathic variant Sendai virus strain, Cl.151. We found that this variant virus establishes stable symbiosis with host cells by escaping from retinoic acid-inducible gene I-interferon regulatory factor 3-mediated antiviral machinery. Using a cloned genome cDNA of Sendai virus Cl.151, we developed a recombinant RNA installed with exogenous marker genes that was maintained stably in the cytoplasm as a high copy replicon (about 4 x 10(4) copies/cell) without interfering with normal cellular function. Strong expression of the marker genes persisted for more than 6 months in various types of cultured cells and for at least two months in rat colonic mucosa without any apparent side effects. This stable RNA replicon is a potentially valuable genetic platform for various biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Nishimura
- Biotherapeutic Research Laboratory and the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan; Japan Society for Promotion of Science, 6 Ichibancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8471, Japan, the
| | - Hiroaki Segawa
- Biotherapeutic Research Laboratory and the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
| | - Takahiro Goto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan, the
| | - Mariko Morishita
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan, the
| | - Akinori Masago
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, the
| | - Hitoshi Takahashi
- Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogo-in, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan, the
| | - Yoshihiro Ohmiya
- Resarch Institute for Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan, and the
| | - Takemasa Sakaguchi
- Department of Virology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Masahiro Asada
- Signaling Molecules Research Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan, the
| | - Toru Imamura
- Signaling Molecules Research Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan, the
| | - Kunitada Shimotono
- Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogo-in, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan, the
| | - Kozo Takayama
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan, the
| | - Tetsuya Yoshida
- Department of Virology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Mahito Nakanishi
- Biotherapeutic Research Laboratory and the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan.
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45
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Adrian JE, Kamps JAAM, Poelstra K, Scherphof GL, Meijer DKF, Kaneda Y. Delivery of viral vectors to hepatic stellate cells in fibrotic livers using HVJ envelopes fused with targeted liposomes. J Drug Target 2007; 15:75-82. [PMID: 17365276 DOI: 10.1080/10611860601141481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are a major target for antifibrotic therapies in the liver and in particular gene delivery to these cells would be relevant. Previously, we demonstrated that mannose 6-phosphate human serum albumin (M6P-HSA) coupled liposomes accumulate in HSC in fibrotic livers. Here we prepared a M6P-HSA modified viral vector that allows the targeted delivery of plasmid DNA to HSC. Therefore, UV inactivated hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ) containing plasmid DNA was fused with M6P-HSA liposomes to yield HVJ liposomes targeted to HSC. These new particles had a diameter of approximately 200 nm, as determined by electron microscopy. In a carbon tetrachloride mouse model of liver fibrosis, M6P-HSA-HVJ-liposomes associated with HSC. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that fusion of M6P-HSA liposomes with HVJ envelopes results in HVJ particles that accumulate in HSC, allowing for new possibilities to interfere with fibrosis in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna E Adrian
- Medical Biology section, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen. Hanzeplein 1, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands.
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Kanzaki S, Shiotani A, Inoue M, Hasegawa M, Ogawa K. Sendai Virus Vector-Mediated Transgene Expression in the Cochlea in vivo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 12:119-26. [PMID: 17264475 DOI: 10.1159/000097798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2005] [Accepted: 09/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We injected a recombinant Sendai virus (SeV) vector into the guinea pig cochlea using two different approaches--the scala media and scala tympani--and investigated which cell types took up the vector. The hearing threshold shift and distribution of transfected cells in animals using the scala media approach were different compared to those using the scala tympani approach. SeV can transfect very different types of cells, including stria vascularis, spiral ganglion neurons, and sensory epithelia of the organ of Corti, and fibrocytes of the scala tympani. Because SeV vectors can potentially deliver stimuli to the cochlea to induce hair cell regeneration, it may be a powerful tool for repairing the organ of Corti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Kanzaki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Warmann SW, Armeanu S, Heitmann H, Ruck P, Seitz G, Wessels JT, Lemken ML, Lauer UM, Fuchs J, Bitzer M. Optimizing vector application for gene transfer into human hepatoblastoma cells. Pediatr Surg Int 2006; 22:733-42. [PMID: 16896819 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-006-1727-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gene targeting is currently of distinct interest as an innovative additive treatment option in various malignancies. Its role in pediatric liver tumors has not yet been evaluated thoroughly. For the first time the authors systematically analyzed both lipid-based transfection as well as transduction with adenovirus vectors (Ad) and Sendai virus vectors (SeVV) in order to optimize gene transfer into hepatoblastoma (HB) cells. Two HB cell lines were infected with Ad or SeVV coding for green fluorescent protein (Ad-GFP, SeVV-GFP); transduction efficiencies and apoptosis were assessed using flow cytometry. Furthermore, lipofection of HB cell lines with plasmid-constructs comprising liver-specific promoters was performed using Lipofectamine 2000 and FuGENE 6; lipofection efficiency was monitored by flow cytometry, microscopy, and luciferase activity. The Ad-GFP showed higher transduction rates (61-86%) than the SeVV-GFP (4-24%) depending on the HB cell line used. Infections with first generation SeVV vectors (SeVV-GFP) led to increased target cell apoptosis (7-43%) compared to Ad-GFP (4-16%). The Lipofectamine 2000 revealed a higher transfection efficiency than the FuGENE 6 for both HB cell lines tested. The liver-specific promoters were found to be differently active in the HB cell lines. This study delineates recombinant adenovirus vectors as a promising tool for gene transduction in the HB cells. Furthermore, enhanced activity of the liver-specific promoters in HUH6 cells compared to HepT1 cells supports the observation of varying biological behavior in histologically differing HB tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W Warmann
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str.3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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Faísca P, Desmecht D. Sendai virus, the mouse parainfluenza type 1: a longstanding pathogen that remains up-to-date. Res Vet Sci 2006; 82:115-25. [PMID: 16759680 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2006.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2004] [Revised: 01/12/2006] [Accepted: 03/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Biologically speaking, Sendai virus (SeV), the murine parainfluenza virus type 1, is perceived as a common respiratory pathogen that is endemic in many rodent colonies throughout the world. Currently it is believed that SeV is the leading cause of pneumonia in mice and together with the mouse hepatitis viruses, is the most prevalent and important of the naturally occurring infections of mice. The scientific community also considers SeV as the archetype organism of the Paramyxoviridae family because most of the basic biochemical, molecular and biologic properties of the whole family were derived from its own characteristics. Recently, scientific interest for this old pathogen has re-emerged, this time because of its potential value as a vector for gene transfer. This review aimed at drawing an exhaustive picture of this multifaceted pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Faísca
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman Faculty of Veterinary Medicine B43, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Takeda M, Nakatsu Y, Ohno S, Seki F, Tahara M, Hashiguchi T, Yanagi Y. Generation of measles virus with a segmented RNA genome. J Virol 2006; 80:4242-8. [PMID: 16611883 PMCID: PMC1472037 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.80.9.4242-4248.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses classified in the order Mononegavirales have a single nonsegmented RNA molecule as the genome and employ similar strategies for genome replication and gene expression. Infectious particles of Measles virus (MeV), a member of the family Paramyxoviridae in the order Mononegavirales, with two or three RNA genome segments (2 seg- or 3 seg-MeV) were generated using a highly efficient reverse genetics system. All RNA segments of the viruses were designed to have authentic 3' and 5' self-complementary termini, similar to those of negative-stranded RNA viruses that intrinsically have multiple RNA genome segments. The 2 seg- and 3 seg-MeV were viable and replicated well in cultured cells. 3 seg-MeV could accommodate up to six additional transcriptional units, five of which were shown to be capable of expressing foreign proteins efficiently. These data indicate that the MeV genome can be segmented, providing an experimental insight into the divergence of the negative-stranded RNA viruses with nonsegmented or segmented RNA genomes. They also illustrate a new strategy to develop mononegavirus-derived vectors harboring multiple additional transcriptional units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Takeda
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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Yoshizaki M, Hironaka T, Iwasaki H, Ban H, Tokusumi Y, Iida A, Nagai Y, Hasegawa M, Inoue M. Naked Sendai virus vector lacking all of the envelope-related genes: reduced cytopathogenicity and immunogenicity. J Gene Med 2006; 8:1151-9. [PMID: 16841365 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sendai virus (SeV) is a new class of cytoplasmic RNA vector that is free from genotoxicity that infects and multiplies in most mammalian cells, and directs high-level transgene expression. We improved the vector by deleting all of the envelope-related genes from the SeV genome and thus reducing its immunogenicity. METHODS The matrix (M), fusion (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) genes-deleted SeV vector (SeV/DeltaMDeltaFDeltaHN) was recovered in a newly established packaging cell line. Then, the generated SeV/DeltaMDeltaFDeltaHN vector was characterised by comparing with single gene-deleted type SeV vectors. RESULTS This SeV/DeltaMDeltaFDeltaHN vector carrying the green fluorescent protein gene in place of the envelope-related genes could be propagated to a titer of more than 10(8) cell infectious units/ml. This vector showed an efficient transduction capability in vitro and in vivo, and the cytopathic effect and induction of neutralizing antibody in vivo were greatly reduced compared with those of single gene-deleted type SeV vectors. No activity of neutralizing antibody or anti-HN antibody was seen when SeV/DeltaMDeltaFDeltaHN was transduced ex vivo. Additional introduction of amino acid mutations that had been identified from SeV strains causing persistent infections was also effective for the reduction of cytopathic effects. CONCLUSIONS The deletion of genes from the SeV genome and the additional mutation are very effective for reducing both the immunogenic and cytopathic reactions to the SeV vector. These modifications are expected to improve the safety and broaden the range of clinical applications of this new class of cytoplasmic RNA vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Yoshizaki
- DNAVEC Corporation, 1-25-11 Kannondai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
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