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Knezović D, Milić Roje B, Vilović K, Franković L, Korac-Prlic J, Terzić J. MyD88 Signaling Accompanied by Microbiota Changes Supports Urinary Bladder Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7176. [PMID: 39000291 PMCID: PMC11241070 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Urinary bladder cancer (BC) inflicts a significant impairment of life quality and poses a high mortality risk. Schistosoma haematobium infection can cause BC, and the urinary microbiota of BC patients differs from healthy controls. Importantly, intravesical instillation of the bacterium Bacillus Calmette-Guerin stands as the foremost therapy for non-muscle invasive BC. Hence, studying the receptors and signaling molecules orchestrating bacterial recognition and the cellular response in the context of BC is of paramount importance. Thus, we challenged Toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88) knock-out (KO) mice with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxylbutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN), a well-known urinary bladder carcinogen. Gut microbiota, gene expression, and urinary bladder pathology were followed. Acute exposure to BBN did not reveal a difference in bladder pathology despite differences in the animal's ability to recognize and react to bacteria. However, chronic treatment resulted in reduced cancer invasiveness among Myd88KO mice while the absence of functional Tlr4 did not influence BC development or progression. These differences correlate with a heightened abundance of the Faecalibaculum genus and the lowest microbial diversity observed among Myd88KO mice. The presented data underscore the important role of microbiota composition and MyD88-mediated signaling during bladder carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Knezović
- Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2A, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Blanka Milić Roje
- Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2A, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Katarina Vilović
- Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Cytology, University Hospital of Split, Spinčićeva 1, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Lucija Franković
- Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2A, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Jelena Korac-Prlic
- Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2A, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Janoš Terzić
- Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2A, 21000 Split, Croatia
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Hatten H, Colyn L, Volkert I, Gaßler N, Lammers T, Hofmann U, Hengstler JG, Schneider KM, Trautwein C. Loss of Toll-like receptor 9 protects from hepatocellular carcinoma in murine models of chronic liver disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167321. [PMID: 38943920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Toll-like receptor 9 (Tlr9) is a pathogen recognition receptor detecting unmethylated DNA derivatives of pathogens and damaged host cells. It is therefore an important modulator of innate immunity. Here we investigated the role of Tlr9 in fibrogenesis and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic liver disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS We treated mice with a constitutive deletion of Tlr9 (Tlr9-/-) with DEN/CCl4 for 24 weeks. As a second model, we used hepatocyte-specific Nemo knockout (NemoΔhepa) mice and generated double knockout (NemoΔhepaTlr9-/-) animals. RESULTS We show that Tlr9 is in the liver primarily expressed in Kupffer cells, suggesting a key role of Tlr9 in intercellular communication during hepatic injury. Tlr9 deletion resulted in reduced liver fibrosis as well as tumor burden. We observed down-regulation of hepatic stellate cell activation and consequently decreased collagen production in both models. Tlr9 deletion was associated with decreased apoptosis and compensatory proliferation of hepatocytes, modulating the initiation and progression of hepatocarcinogenesis. These findings were accompanied by a decrease in interferon-β and an increase in chemokines having an anti-tumoral effect. CONCLUSIONS Our data define Tlr9 as an important receptor involved in fibrogenesis, but also in the initiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma during chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Hatten
- University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Department of Internal Medicine III, Aachen, Germany
| | - Leticia Colyn
- University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Department of Internal Medicine III, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Ines Volkert
- University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Department of Internal Medicine III, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Gaßler
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Section Pathology, University Hospital of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), Aachen, Germany
| | - Ute Hofmann
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany; University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Kai Markus Schneider
- University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Department of Internal Medicine III, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Department of Internal Medicine III, Aachen, Germany; Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany.
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Zhang T, Yin H, Li Y, Yang H, Ge K, Zhang J, Yuan Q, Dai X, Naeem A, Weng Y, Huang Y, Liang XJ. Optimized lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for organ-selective nucleic acids delivery in vivo. iScience 2024; 27:109804. [PMID: 38770138 PMCID: PMC11103379 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid therapeutics offer tremendous promise for addressing a wide range of common public health conditions. However, the in vivo nucleic acids delivery faces significant biological challenges. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) possess several advantages, such as simple preparation, high stability, efficient cellular uptake, endosome escape capabilities, etc., making them suitable for delivery vectors. However, the extensive hepatic accumulation of LNPs poses a challenge for successful development of LNPs-based nucleic acid therapeutics for extrahepatic diseases. To overcome this hurdle, researchers have been focusing on modifying the surface properties of LNPs to achieve precise delivery. The review aims to provide current insights into strategies for LNPs-based organ-selective nucleic acid delivery. In addition, it delves into the general design principles, targeting mechanisms, and clinical development of organ-selective LNPs. In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive overview to provide guidance and valuable insights for further research and development of organ-selective nucleic acid delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Han Yin
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu Li
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haiyin Yang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kun Ge
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002 China
| | - Jinchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002 China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Environment and Life Science, Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xuyan Dai
- Apharige Therapeutics Co., Ltd, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Abid Naeem
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuhua Weng
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuanyu Huang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
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Chen F, Zhang D, Cheng L, Zhao D, Ye H, Zheng S, Yang Q, Han B, Wang R, Li J, Chen S. Xiaowugui decoction alleviates experimental rheumatoid arthritis by suppressing Rab5a-mediated TLR4 internalization in macrophages. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155762. [PMID: 38964156 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by exacerbated synovial inflammation and joint destruction. Recent studies suggest toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) internalization facilitate inflammatory response of macrophage. The role of TLR4 internalization in the pathogenesis of RA is unknown. PURPOSE To investigate the role and mechanism of TLR4 internalization in macrophage inflammatory response of RA and explore whether TLR4 internalization mediates the anti-arthritic effect of Xiaowugui (XWG) decoction, a patented herbal formula used in China. METHODS The co-expression of TLR4 and the internalization marker, early endosome antigen 1 (EEA1), in the synovial samples of RA patients and joint tissue of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice, were evaluated using immunofluorescence. The effect of Rab5a-mediated early internalization of TLR4 on the activation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW264.7 cells was investigated using small interfering RNAs that act against Rab5a. CIA was induced in Rab5a-/- mice to evaluate the role of Rab5a in vivo. The disease progression and expression of Rab5a and TLR4 in the joint tissue were evaluated in CIA mice treated with XWG. Inflammatory factors production, TLR4 internalization, and activation of downstream signaling pathways were examined in RAW264.7 cells treated with XWG in vitro. RESULTS The co-expression and co-localization of TLR4 and EEA1 were elevated in the synovial samples of RA patients and joint tissue of CIA mice. Pharmaceutical inhibition of TLR4 internalization reduced macrophages inflammatory responses induced by LPS. The co-expression and co-localization of Rab5a and TLR4 were significantly increased in macrophages treated with LPS. Silencing Rab5a reduced LPS-induced TLR4 internalization, inflammatory factors production, and phosphorylation of Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and p65. Genetic deletion of Rab5a inhibited TLR4 internalization and the development of arthritis in vivo. The co-expression of TLR4 and Rab5a was also elevated in the synovial samples of RA patients. XWG treatment of mice with CIA alleviated arthritis and reduced the co-expression of Rab5a and TLR4 in the joint tissue. XWG treatment of macrophage inhibited LPS-induced IL-6 and TNF-α production, co-expression of Rab5a and TLR4, and phosphorylation of JNK and p65. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the pathogenic role of TLR4 internalization in patients with RA and identify a novel Rab5a-dependent internalization pathway that promotes macrophage inflammatory response. XWG treatment demonstrated outstanding therapeutic effects in experimental arthritis, and targeting the Rab5a-mediated internalization of TLR4 may be the main underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feilong Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Dingding Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lifang Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Haixin Ye
- Department of Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Songyuan Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Bingqi Han
- Department of Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Shixian Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Togre NS, Melaka N, Bhoj PS, Mogadala N, Winfield M, Trivedi J, Grove D, Kotnala S, Rom SS, Sriram U, Persidsky Y. Neuroinflammatory Responses and Blood-Brain Barrier Injury in Chronic Alcohol Exposure: Role of Purinergic P2X7 Receptor Signaling. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4350949. [PMID: 38766082 PMCID: PMC11100971 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4350949/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption leads to neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage, resulting in neurological impairment. We previously demonstrated that ethanol-induced disruption of barrier function in human brain endothelial cells was associated with mitochondrial injury, increased ATP and extracellular vesicle (EV) release, and purinergic receptor P2X7R activation. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of P2X7r blockade on peripheral and neuro-inflammation in EtOH-exposed mice. In a chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE)-exposed mouse model, P2X7R was inhibited by two different methods: Brilliant Blue G (BBG) or gene knockout. We assessed blood ethanol concentration (BEC), plasma P2X7R and P-gp, number of extra-cellular vesicles (EV), serum ATP and EV-ATP levels. Brain microvessel gene expression and EV mtDNA copy numbers were measured by RT2 PCR array and digital PCR, respectively. A RT2 PCR array of brain microvessels revealed significant upregulation of proinflammatory genes involved in apoptosis, vasodilation, and platelet activation in CIE-exposed animals, which were decreased 15-50-fold in BBG-treated CIE-exposed animals. Plasma P-gp levels and serum P2X7R shedding were significantly increased in CIE-exposed animals. Pharmacological or genetic suppression of P2X7R decreased P2X7R shedding to levels equivalent to those in control group. The increase in EV number and EV-ATP content in the CIE-exposed mice was significantly reduced by P2X7R inhibition. CIE mice showed augmented EV-mtDNA copy numbers which were reduced in EVs after P2X7R inhibition or receptor knockout. These observations suggested that P2X7R signaling plays a critical role in ethanol-induced brain injury. Increased eATP, EV-ATP, EV numbers, and EV-mtDNA copy numbers highlight a new mechanism of brain injury during alcohol exposure via P2X7R and biomarkers of such damage. In this study, for the first time, we report the in vivo involvement of P2X7R signaling in CIE-induced brain injury.
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Kasper R, Rodriguez-Alfonso A, Ständker L, Wiese S, Schneider EM. Major endothelial damage markers identified from hemadsorption filters derived from treated patients with septic shock - endoplasmic reticulum stress and bikunin may play a role. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1359097. [PMID: 38698864 PMCID: PMC11063272 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1359097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In septic patients the damage of the endothelial barrier is decisive leading to circulatory septic shock with disseminated vascular coagulation, edema and multiorgan failure. Hemadsorption therapy leads to rapid resolution of clinical symptoms. We propose that the isolation of proteins adsorbed to hemadsorption devices contributes to the identification of mediators responsible for endothelial barrier dysfunction. Material and methods Plasma materials enriched to hemadsorption filters (CytoSorb®) after therapy of patients in septic shock were fractionated and functionally characterized for their effect on cell integrity, viability, proliferation and ROS formation by human endothelial cells. Fractions were further studied for their contents of oxidized nucleic acids as well as peptides and proteins by mass spectrometry. Results Individual fractions exhibited a strong effect on endothelial cell viability, the endothelial layer morphology, and ROS formation. Fractions with high amounts of DNA and oxidized DNA correlated with ROS formation in the target endothelium. In addition, defined proteins such as defensins (HNP-1), SAA1, CXCL7, and the peptide bikunin were linked to the strongest additive effects in endothelial damage. Conclusion Our results indicate that hemadsorption is efficient to transiently remove strong endothelial damage mediators from the blood of patients with septic shock, which explains a rapid clinical improvement of inflammation and endothelial function. The current work indicates that a combination of stressors leads to the most detrimental effects. Oxidized ssDNA, likely derived from mitochondria, SAA1, the chemokine CXCL7 and the human neutrophil peptide alpha-defensin 1 (HNP-1) were unique for their significant negative effect on endothelial cell viability. However, the strongest damage effect occurred, when, bikunin - cleaved off from alpha-1-microglobulin was present in high relative amounts (>65%) of protein contents in the most active fraction. Thus, a relevant combination of stressors appears to be removed by hemadsorption therapy which results in fulminant and rapid, though only transient, clinical restitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Kasper
- Clinic of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Armando Rodriguez-Alfonso
- Core Facility Functional Peptidomics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- Core Unit Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics (CUMP), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ludger Ständker
- Core Facility Functional Peptidomics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wiese
- Core Unit Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics (CUMP), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - E. Marion Schneider
- Clinic of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Hu L, Cheng Z, Chu H, Wang W, Jin Y, Yang L. TRIF-dependent signaling and its role in liver diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1370042. [PMID: 38694821 PMCID: PMC11061444 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1370042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-β (TRIF) is a crucial adaptor molecule downstream of toll-like receptors 3 (TLR3) and 4 (TLR4). TRIF directly binds to TLR3 through its TIR domain, while it associates with TLR4 indirectly through the bridge adaptor molecule TRIF-related adaptor molecule (TRAM). TRIF plays a pivotal role in regulating interferon beta 1 (IFN-β) response, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling, apoptosis, and necroptosis signaling mediated by TLR3 and TLR4. It accomplishes these by recruiting and activating various kinases or transcription factors via its distinct domains. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the TRIF-dependent signaling pathways mediated by TLR3 and TLR4, elucidating key target molecules and downstream pathways. Furthermore, we provide an overview of TRIF's impact on several liver disorders, including drug-induced liver injury, ischemia-reperfusion liver injury, autoimmune hepatitis, viral hepatitis, alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). We also explore its effects on liver steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. A comprehensive understanding of the TRIF-dependent signaling pathways, as well as the intricate relationship between TRIF and liver diseases, can facilitate the identification of potential drug targets and the development of novel and effective therapeutics against hepatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yu Jin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Merk D, Cox FF, Jakobs P, Prömel S, Altschmied J, Haendeler J. Dose-Dependent Effects of Lipopolysaccharide on the Endothelium-Sepsis versus Metabolic Endotoxemia-Induced Cellular Senescence. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:443. [PMID: 38671891 PMCID: PMC11047739 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The endothelium, the innermost cell layer of blood vessels, is not only a physical barrier between the bloodstream and the surrounding tissues but has also essential functions in vascular homeostasis. Therefore, it is not surprising that endothelial dysfunction is associated with most cardiovascular diseases. The functionality of the endothelium is compromised by endotoxemia, the presence of bacterial endotoxins in the bloodstream with the main endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Therefore, this review will focus on the effects of LPS on the endothelium. Depending on the LPS concentration, the outcomes are either sepsis or, at lower concentrations, so-called low-dose or metabolic endotoxemia. Sepsis, a life-threatening condition evoked by hyperactivation of the immune response, includes breakdown of the endothelial barrier resulting in failure of multiple organs. A deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms in the endothelium might help pave the way to new therapeutic options in sepsis treatment to prevent endothelial leakage and fatal septic shock. Low-dose endotoxemia or metabolic endotoxemia results in chronic inflammation leading to endothelial cell senescence, which entails endothelial dysfunction and thus plays a critical role in cardiovascular diseases. The identification of compounds counteracting senescence induction in endothelial cells might therefore help in delaying the onset or progression of age-related pathologies. Interestingly, two natural plant-derived substances, caffeine and curcumin, have shown potential in preventing endothelial cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Merk
- Environmentally-Induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (D.M.); (F.F.C.); (P.J.)
| | - Fiona Frederike Cox
- Environmentally-Induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (D.M.); (F.F.C.); (P.J.)
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Translational Pharmacology, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Jakobs
- Environmentally-Induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (D.M.); (F.F.C.); (P.J.)
| | - Simone Prömel
- Department of Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Joachim Altschmied
- Environmentally-Induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (D.M.); (F.F.C.); (P.J.)
- Medical Faculty, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, CARID, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Judith Haendeler
- Environmentally-Induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (D.M.); (F.F.C.); (P.J.)
- Medical Faculty, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, CARID, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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9
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Chen D, Kang Z, Chen H, Fu P. Molecular mechanisms of macrophage immunomodulation mediated by Areca inflorescence polysaccharides based on RNA-seq analysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130076. [PMID: 38354932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The elucidation of the immunomodulatory molecular mechanisms of polysaccharides has contributed to their further development and application. In this study, the effect of Areca inflorescence polysaccharide (AFP2a) on macrophage activation was confirmed and the detailed mechanisms were investigated based on a comprehensive transcriptional study and specific inhibitors. The results showed that AFP2a induced macrophage activation (M1 polarization), promoting macrophage proliferation, reactive oxygen species production, nitric oxide and cytokine release, and costimulatory molecule expression. RNA-seq analysis identified 5919 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). For DEGs, GO, KEGG, and Reactome enrichment analyses and PPI networks were conducted, elucidating that AFP2a activated macrophages mainly by triggering the Toll-like receptor cascade and corresponding adapter proteins (TIRAP and TRIF), thereby resulting in downstream NF-κB, TNF, and JAK-STAT signaling pathway expression. The inhibition assay revealed that TLR4 and TLR2 were essential for the recognition of AFP2a. This work provides an in-depth understanding of the immunoregulatory mechanism of AFP2a while offering a molecular basis for AFP2a to serve as a potential natural immunomodulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chen
- Hainan University-HSF/LWL Collaborative Innovation Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zonghua Kang
- Hunan Kouweiwang Group Co., Ltd, Hunan 413499, China
| | - Haiming Chen
- Hainan University-HSF/LWL Collaborative Innovation Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China; Huachuang Institute of Areca Research-Hainan, Hainan 570228, China.
| | - Pengcheng Fu
- Hainan University-HSF/LWL Collaborative Innovation Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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10
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Abramov VM, Kosarev IV, Machulin AV, Deryusheva EI, Priputnevich TV, Panin AN, Chikileva IO, Abashina TN, Manoyan AM, Akhmetzyanova AA, Blumenkrants DA, Ivanova OE, Papazyan TT, Nikonov IN, Suzina NE, Melnikov VG, Khlebnikov VS, Sakulin VK, Samoilenko VA, Gordeev AB, Sukhikh GT, Uversky VN, Karlyshev AV. Anti- Salmonella Defence and Intestinal Homeostatic Maintenance In Vitro of a Consortium Containing Limosilactobacillus fermentum 3872 and Ligilactobacillus salivarius 7247 Strains in Human, Porcine, and Chicken Enterocytes. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 13:30. [PMID: 38247590 PMCID: PMC10812507 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Limosilactobacillus fermentum strain 3872 (LF3872) was originally isolated from the breast milk of a healthy woman during lactation and the breastfeeding of a child. Ligilactobacillus salivarius strain 7247 (LS7247) was isolated at the same time from the intestines and reproductive system of a healthy woman. The genomes of these strains contain genes responsible for the production of peptidoglycan-degrading enzymes and factors that increase the permeability of the outer membrane of Gram-negative pathogens. In this work, the anti-Salmonella and intestinal homeostatic features of the LF3872 and LS7247 consortium were studied. A multi-drug resistant (MDR) strain of Salmonella enteritidis (SE) was used in the experiments. The consortium effectively inhibited the adhesion of SE to intact and activated human, porcine, and chicken enterocytes and reduced invasion. The consortium had a bactericidal effect on SE in 6 h of co-culturing. A gene expression analysis of SE showed that the cell-free supernatant (CFS) of the consortium inhibited the expression of virulence genes critical for the colonization of human and animal enterocytes. The CFS stimulated the production of an intestinal homeostatic factor-intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP)-in Caco-2 and HT-29 enterocytes. The consortium decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-1β, and TLR4 mRNA expression in human and animal enterocytes. It stimulated the expression of TLR9 in human and porcine enterocytes and stimulated the expression of TLR21 in chicken enterocytes. The consortium also protected the intestinal barrier functions through the increase of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and the inhibition of paracellular permeability in the monolayers of human and animal enterocytes. The results obtained suggest that a LF3872 and LS7247 consortium can be used as an innovative feed additive to reduce the spread of MDR SE among the population and farm animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav M. Abramov
- Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) Federal State Budgetary Institution “The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality” (FGBU VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health, 117997 Moscow, Russia (A.B.G.)
| | - Igor V. Kosarev
- Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) Federal State Budgetary Institution “The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality” (FGBU VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health, 117997 Moscow, Russia (A.B.G.)
| | - Andrey V. Machulin
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Science”, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Evgenia I. Deryusheva
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Science”, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Priputnevich
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health, 117997 Moscow, Russia (A.B.G.)
| | - Alexander N. Panin
- Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) Federal State Budgetary Institution “The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality” (FGBU VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina O. Chikileva
- Blokhin National Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health RF, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana N. Abashina
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Science”, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Ashot M. Manoyan
- Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) Federal State Budgetary Institution “The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality” (FGBU VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A. Akhmetzyanova
- Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) Federal State Budgetary Institution “The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality” (FGBU VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy A. Blumenkrants
- Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) Federal State Budgetary Institution “The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality” (FGBU VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga E. Ivanova
- Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) Federal State Budgetary Institution “The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality” (FGBU VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Ilia N. Nikonov
- Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology Named after K.I. Skryabin, 109472 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Nataliya E. Suzina
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Science”, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav G. Melnikov
- Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 125212 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Vadim K. Sakulin
- Institute of Immunological Engineering, 142380 Lyubuchany, Russia; (V.S.K.); (V.K.S.)
| | - Vladimir A. Samoilenko
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Science”, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Alexey B. Gordeev
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health, 117997 Moscow, Russia (A.B.G.)
| | - Gennady T. Sukhikh
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health, 117997 Moscow, Russia (A.B.G.)
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Andrey V. Karlyshev
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Science, Social Care and Education, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK
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11
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Ekchariyawat P, Saengfak R, Sanongkiet S, Charoenwongpaiboon T, Khongpraphan S, Mala S, Luangjindarat C, Munyoo B, Chabang N, Charoensutthivarakul S, Borwornpinyo S, Tuchinda P, Ponpuak M, Pudla M, Utaisincharoen P. ECDD-S16 targets vacuolar ATPase: A potential inhibitor compound for pyroptosis-induced inflammation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292340. [PMID: 38011122 PMCID: PMC10681236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cleistanthin A (CA), extracted from Phyllanthus taxodiifolius Beille, was previously reported as a potential V-ATPase inhibitor relevant to cancer cell survival. In the present study, ECDD-S16, a derivative of cleistanthin A, was investigated and found to interfere with pyroptosis induction via V-ATPase inhibition. OBJECTIVE This study examined the ability of ECDD-S16 to inhibit endolysosome acidification leading to the attenuation of pyroptosis in Raw264.7 macrophages activated by both surface and endosomal TLR ligands. METHODS To elucidate the activity of ECDD-S16 on pyroptosis-induced inflammation, Raw264.7 cells were pretreated with the compound before stimulation with surface and endosomal TLR ligands. The release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was determined by LDH assay. Additionally, the production of cytokines and the expression of pyroptosis markers were examined by ELISA and immunoblotting. Moreover, molecular docking was performed to demonstrate the binding of ECDD-S16 to the vacuolar (V-)ATPase. RESULTS This study showed that ECDD-S16 could inhibit pyroptosis in Raw264.7 cells activated with surface and endosomal TLR ligands. The attenuation of pyroptosis by ECDD-S16 was due to the impairment of endosome acidification, which also led to decreased Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production. Furthermore, molecular docking also showed the possibility of inhibiting endosome acidification by the binding of ECDD-S16 to the vacuolar (V-)ATPase in the region of V0. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate the potential of ECDD-S16 for inhibiting pyroptosis and prove that vacuolar H+ ATPase is essential for pyroptosis induced by TLR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peeraya Ekchariyawat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Sucharat Sanongkiet
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | | | | | - Supaporn Mala
- Research Office, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Bumrung Munyoo
- Excellence Center for Drug Discovery (ECDD), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Napason Chabang
- School of Bioinnovation and Bio-Based Product Intelligence, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sitthivut Charoensutthivarakul
- Excellence Center for Drug Discovery (ECDD), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- School of Bioinnovation and Bio-Based Product Intelligence, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suparerk Borwornpinyo
- Excellence Center for Drug Discovery (ECDD), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patoomratana Tuchinda
- Excellence Center for Drug Discovery (ECDD), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Marisa Ponpuak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Matsayapan Pudla
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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12
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Arumugam MK, Gopal T, Kalari Kandy RR, Boopathy LK, Perumal SK, Ganesan M, Rasineni K, Donohue TM, Osna NA, Kharbanda KK. Mitochondrial Dysfunction-Associated Mechanisms in the Development of Chronic Liver Diseases. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1311. [PMID: 37887021 PMCID: PMC10604291 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a major metabolic organ that performs many essential biological functions such as detoxification and the synthesis of proteins and biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth. Any disruption in normal liver function can lead to the development of more severe liver disorders. Overall, about 3 million Americans have some type of liver disease and 5.5 million people have progressive liver disease or cirrhosis, in which scar tissue replaces the healthy liver tissue. An estimated 20% to 30% of adults have excess fat in their livers, a condition called steatosis. The most common etiologies for steatosis development are (1) high caloric intake that causes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and (2) excessive alcohol consumption, which results in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). NAFLD is now termed "metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease" (MASLD), which reflects its association with the metabolic syndrome and conditions including diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and obesity. ALD represents a spectrum of liver injury that ranges from hepatic steatosis to more advanced liver pathologies, including alcoholic hepatitis (AH), alcohol-associated cirrhosis (AC) and acute AH, presenting as acute-on-chronic liver failure. The predominant liver cells, hepatocytes, comprise more than 70% of the total liver mass in human adults and are the basic metabolic cells. Mitochondria are intracellular organelles that are the principal sources of energy in hepatocytes and play a major role in oxidative metabolism and sustaining liver cell energy needs. In addition to regulating cellular energy homeostasis, mitochondria perform other key physiologic and metabolic activities, including ion homeostasis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, redox signaling and participation in cell injury/death. Here, we discuss the main mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction in chronic liver disease and some treatment strategies available for targeting mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madan Kumar Arumugam
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (M.K.A.); (S.K.P.); (M.G.); (N.A.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Cancer Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thiyagarajan Gopal
- Centre for Laboratory Animal Technology and Research, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India; (T.G.); (L.K.B.)
| | | | - Lokesh Kumar Boopathy
- Centre for Laboratory Animal Technology and Research, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India; (T.G.); (L.K.B.)
| | - Sathish Kumar Perumal
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (M.K.A.); (S.K.P.); (M.G.); (N.A.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Murali Ganesan
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (M.K.A.); (S.K.P.); (M.G.); (N.A.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Karuna Rasineni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Terrence M. Donohue
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (M.K.A.); (S.K.P.); (M.G.); (N.A.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Natalia A. Osna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (M.K.A.); (S.K.P.); (M.G.); (N.A.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Kusum K. Kharbanda
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (M.K.A.); (S.K.P.); (M.G.); (N.A.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
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13
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Wei J, Zhang Y, Li H, Wang F, Yao S. Toll-like receptor 4: A potential therapeutic target for multiple human diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115338. [PMID: 37595428 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune response plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of diseases. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), as an intrinsic immune receptor, exhibits widespread in vivo expression and its dysregulation significantly contributes to the onset of various diseases, encompassing cardiovascular disorders, neoplastic conditions, and inflammatory ailments. This comprehensive review centers on elucidating the architectural and distributive characteristics of TLR4, its conventional signaling pathways, and its mode of action in diverse disease contexts. Ultimately, this review aims to propose novel avenues and therapeutic targets for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrui Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Haopeng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Fuquan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Shanglong Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China.
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14
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Ren W, Zhao L, Sun Y, Wang X, Shi X. HMGB1 and Toll-like receptors: potential therapeutic targets in autoimmune diseases. Mol Med 2023; 29:117. [PMID: 37667233 PMCID: PMC10478470 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00717-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
HMGB1, a nucleoprotein, is expressed in almost all eukaryotic cells. During cell activation and cell death, HMGB1 can function as an alarm protein (alarmin) or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) and mediate early inflammatory and immune response when it is translocated to the extracellular space. The binding of extracellular HMGB1 to Toll-like receptors (TLRs), such as TLR2 and TLR4 transforms HMGB1 into a pro-inflammatory cytokine, contributing to the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases. TLRs, which are members of a family of pattern recognition receptors, can bind to endogenous DAMPs and activate the innate immune response. Additionally, TLRs are key signaling molecules mediating the immune response and play a critical role in the host defense against pathogens and the maintenance of immune balance. HMGB1 and TLRs are reported to be upregulated in several autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and autoimmune thyroid disease. The expression levels of HMGB1 and some TLRs are upregulated in tissues of patients with autoimmune diseases and animal models of autoimmune diseases. The suppression of HMGB1 and TLRs inhibits the progression of inflammation in animal models. Thus, HMGB1 and TLRs are indispensable biomarkers and important therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases. This review provides comprehensive strategies for treating or preventing autoimmune diseases discovered in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xichang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoguang Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
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15
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Kou M, Wang L. Surface toll-like receptor 9 on immune cells and its immunomodulatory effect. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1259989. [PMID: 37724102 PMCID: PMC10505433 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1259989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll like receptor 9 (TLR9) has been considered as a crucial intracellular pattern recognition receptor in the immune system, which can directly or indirectly mediate innate and adaptive immune responses by recognizing CpG DNA in endosomes to initiate its downstream signaling. However, TLR9 can also be expressed on the membrane surface of some immune and non-immune cells, called surface TLR9 (sTLR9), which covers the TLR9 and its immunomodulatory role with a mysterious veil. In this review, we mainly focus on the sTLR9 expressed on neutrophils, B cells and erythrocytes, and its immunomodulatory roles displayed alone or in coordination with endosomal TLR9 (eTLR9), providing a theoretical reference for the application of its modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Kou
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Liying Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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16
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Sugimoto A, Numaguchi T, Chihama R, Takenaka Y, Sato Y. Identification of novel lactic acid bacteria with enhanced protective effects against influenza virus. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0273604. [PMID: 37556447 PMCID: PMC10411811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) exert health-beneficial effects by regulating innate immunity in the intestinal tract. Due to growing health awareness, the demand for LAB and studies have focused on identifying beneficial LAB strains is increasing, especially those that stimulate innate immunity. In this study, the LAB strain D279 (NITE_BP-03645, Latilactobacillus sakei) was isolated from among 741 LAB strains that were analyzed for their ability to induce interleukin 12 (IL-12) production and was subsequently characterized. D279 induced the highest expression of IL-12 among the screened LABs. Furthermore, D279 significantly activated antiviral genes and preferentially induced interferon (IFN)λ expression in vitro, which plays a critical role in the epithelial tissue, thereby conferring strong anti-influenza potency without inflammation. However, it decreased the IFNα levels. The administration of pasteurized D279 to mice resulted in strong anti-influenza potency, with higher natural killer (NK) cell activity and a lower viral load in the lung than in the control. Importantly, none of the D279-administered mice were sacrificed during the viral infection tests. These results suggest that D279 administration confers beneficial effects by regulating innate immunity and that it may be relevant for commercial use in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Sugimoto
- Niigata Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc., Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomoe Numaguchi
- Niigata Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc., Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryota Chihama
- Niigata Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc., Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuto Takenaka
- Niigata Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc., Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuuki Sato
- Niigata Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc., Niigata, Japan
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17
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Atkinson NS. The Role of Toll and Nonnuclear NF-κB Signaling in the Response to Alcohol. Cells 2023; 12:1508. [PMID: 37296629 PMCID: PMC10252657 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
An understanding of neuroimmune signaling has become central to a description of how alcohol causes addiction and how it damages people with an AUD. It is well known that the neuroimmune system influences neural activity via changes in gene expression. This review discusses the roles played by CNS Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in the response to alcohol. Also discussed are observations in Drosophila that show how TLR signaling pathways can be co-opted by the nervous system and potentially shape behavior to a far greater extent and in ways different than generally recognized. For example, in Drosophila, TLRs substitute for neurotrophin receptors and an NF-κB at the end of a TLR pathway influences alcohol responsivity by acting non-genomically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel S Atkinson
- Department of Neuroscience and The Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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18
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Kou M, Lu W, Zhu M, Qu K, Wang L, Yu Y. Massively recruited sTLR9 + neutrophils in rapidly formed nodules at the site of tumor cell inoculation and their contribution to a pro-tumor microenvironment. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023:10.1007/s00262-023-03451-1. [PMID: 37079065 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils exert either pro- or anti-tumor activities. However, few studies have focused on neutrophils at the tumor initiation stage. In this study, we unexpectedly found a subcutaneous nodule in the groin areas of mice inoculated with tumor cells. The nodule was developed 24 h after the inoculation, filled with tumor cells and massively recruited neutrophils, being designated as tumor nodules. 22% of the neutrophils in tumor nodules are surface TLR9 (sTLR9) expressing neutrophils (sTLR9+ neutrophils). With tumor progression, sTLR9+ neutrophils were sustainably increased in tumor nodules/tumor tissues, reaching to 90.8% on day 13 after inoculation, with increased expression of IL-10 and decreased or no expression of TNFα. In vivo administration of CpG 5805 significantly reduced sTLR9 expression of the sTLR9+ neutrophils. The reduction of sTLR9 on neutrophils in tumor nodules contributed to the induction of an anti-tumor microenvironment conductive to the inhibition of tumor growth. Overall, the study provides insights for understanding the role of sTLR9+ neutrophils in the tumor development, especially in the early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Kou
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenting Lu
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengru Zhu
- Department of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuo Qu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Liying Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongli Yu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
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Schary Y, Rotem I, Caller T, Lewis N, Shaihov-Teper O, Brzezinski RY, Lendengolts D, Raanani E, Sternik L, Naftali-Shani N, Leor J. CRISPR-Cas9 editing of TLR4 to improve the outcome of cardiac cell therapy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4481. [PMID: 36934130 PMCID: PMC10024743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31286-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and fibrosis limit the reparative properties of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). We hypothesized that disrupting the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene would switch hMSCs toward a reparative phenotype and improve the outcome of cell therapy for infarct repair. We developed and optimized an improved electroporation protocol for CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. This protocol achieved a 68% success rate when applied to isolated hMSCs from the heart and epicardial fat of patients with ischemic heart disease. While cell editing lowered TLR4 expression in hMSCs, it did not affect classical markers of hMSCs, proliferation, and migration rate. Protein mass spectrometry analysis revealed that edited cells secreted fewer proteins involved in inflammation. Analysis of biological processes revealed that TLR4 editing reduced processes linked to inflammation and extracellular organization. Furthermore, edited cells expressed less NF-ƙB and secreted lower amounts of extracellular vesicles and pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines than unedited hMSCs. Cell therapy with both edited and unedited hMSCs improved survival, left ventricular remodeling, and cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI) in mice. Postmortem histologic analysis revealed clusters of edited cells that survived in the scar tissue 28 days after MI. Morphometric analysis showed that implantation of edited cells increased the area of myocardial islands in the scar tissue, reduced the occurrence of transmural scar, increased scar thickness, and decreased expansion index. We show, for the first time, that CRISPR-Cas9-based disruption of the TLR4-gene reduces pro-inflammatory polarization of hMSCs and improves infarct healing and remodeling in mice. Our results provide a new approach to improving the outcomes of cell therapy for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeshai Schary
- Neufeld and Tamman Cardiovascular Research Institutes, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Itai Rotem
- Neufeld and Tamman Cardiovascular Research Institutes, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Tal Caller
- Neufeld and Tamman Cardiovascular Research Institutes, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Nir Lewis
- Neufeld and Tamman Cardiovascular Research Institutes, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Olga Shaihov-Teper
- Neufeld and Tamman Cardiovascular Research Institutes, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Rafael Y Brzezinski
- Neufeld and Tamman Cardiovascular Research Institutes, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Daria Lendengolts
- Neufeld and Tamman Cardiovascular Research Institutes, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ehud Raanani
- Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Leviev Cardiothoracic and Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Leonid Sternik
- Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Leviev Cardiothoracic and Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nili Naftali-Shani
- Neufeld and Tamman Cardiovascular Research Institutes, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Jonathan Leor
- Neufeld and Tamman Cardiovascular Research Institutes, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
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Echinacea purpurea-derived homogeneous polysaccharide exerts anti-tumor efficacy via facilitating M1 macrophage polarization. Innovation (N Y) 2023; 4:100391. [PMID: 36873268 PMCID: PMC9974447 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Echinacea purpurea modulates tumor progression, but the underlying mechanism is poorly defined. We isolated and purified a novel homogeneous polysaccharide from E. purpurea (EPPA), which was shown to be an arabinogalactan with a mean molecular mass (Mr) of 3.8 × 104 Da and with α- (1 → 5) -L-Arabinan as the backbone and α-L-Araf-(1→, →6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, and →4)-α-D-GalpA-(1→ as the side chains. Interestingly, oral administration of EPPA suppresses tumor progression in vivo and shapes the immune cell profile (e.g., facilitating M1 macrophages) in tumor microenvironment by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis. More importantly, EPPA activates the inflammasome through a phagocytosis-dependent mechanism and rewires transcriptomic and metabolic profile, thereby potentiating M1 macrophage polarization. Collectively, we propose that EPPA supplementation could function as an adjuvant therapeutic strategy for tumor suppression.
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21
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Pollak AJ, Zhao L, Crooke ST. Systematic Analysis of Chemical Modifications of Phosphorothioate Antisense Oligonucleotides that Modulate Their Innate Immune Response. Nucleic Acid Ther 2023; 33:95-107. [PMID: 36749166 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2022.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While rare, some gapmer phosphorothioate (PS) antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) can induce a noncanonical TLR9-dependent innate immune response. In this study, we performed systematic analyses of the roles of PS ASO backbone chemistry, 2' modifications, and sequence in PS ASO induced TLR9 signaling. We found that each of these factors can contribute to altering PS ASO induced TLR9 signaling, and in some cases the effects are quite dramatic. We also found that the positioning (5' vs. 3') of a particular backbone or 2' modification within a PS ASO can affect its TLR9 signaling. Interestingly, medicinal chemical strategies that decrease TLR9 signaling for one sequence can have opposing effects on another sequence. Our results demonstrate that TLR9 signaling is highly PS ASO sequence dependent, the mechanism of which remains unknown. Despite this, we determined that placement of two mesyl phosphoramidate linkages within the PS ASO gap is the most promising strategy to mitigate PS ASO dependent TLR9 activation to enhance the therapeutic index and, therefore, further streamline PS ASO drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Pollak
- Department of Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Luyi Zhao
- Department of Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Stanley T Crooke
- Department of Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California, USA
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22
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Franco AR, Artusa V, Peri F. Use of Fluorescent Chemical Probes in the Study of Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) Trafficking. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2700:57-74. [PMID: 37603174 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3366-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent chemical probes are used nowadays as a chemical resource to study the physiology and pharmacology of several important endogenous receptors. Different fluorescent groups have been coupled with known ligands of these receptors, allowing the visualization of their localization and trafficking. One of the most important molecular players of innate immunity and inflammation are the Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs). These Pattern-Recognition Receptors (PRR) have as natural ligands microbial-derived pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and also endogenous molecules called danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These ligands activate TLRs to start a response that will determine the host's protection and overall cell survival but can also lead to chronic inflammation and autoimmune syndromes. TLRs action is tightly related to their subcellular localization and trafficking. Understanding this trafficking phenomenon can enlighten critical molecular pathways that might allow to decipher the causes of different diseases. In this chapter, the study of function, localization and trafficking of TLRs through the use of chemical probes will be discussed. Furthermore, an example protocol of the use of fluorescent chemical probes to study TLR4 trafficking using high-content analysis will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Franco
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Artusa
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Peri
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
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23
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Jing M, Qiong L, Wang Z, Xiong X, Fu Y, Yan W. Histone H3 activates caspase-1 and promotes proliferation and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Med Sci 2023; 20:689-701. [PMID: 37082731 PMCID: PMC10110467 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.76580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: As a component of nucleosomes, histone H3 plays an important role in chromosome structure and gene expression. Current studies have mostly focused on the role of histones in epigenetics, but in addition to this, the role of histones themselves in tumor development and microenvironment have been less explored. Methods: Western blot and immunofluorescence were carried out to detect the content and localization of histone H3 in hepatocellular carcinoma. The changes of histone H3 were observed in hypoxia treatment cells, the specific action mechanism of histone H3 was studied by CoIP and other methods. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, plate cloning assay and transwell assay were used to exam the effect of histone H3 on cell proliferation and metastasis, which were verified by subcutaneous tumors in mice and lung metastasis by tail vein injection in mice. Results: We found that histone H3 was overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma tumor tissues compared to adjacent non-tumor tissues, and there was concomitant translocation of histone H3 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. We found that hypoxia could contribute to this phenomenon of histone H3 translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in hepatocellular carcinoma cells and increased binding levels to TLR9. At the same time, hypoxia induced downstream activation of TLR9 and caspase-1, as well as cleavage and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. We further demonstrated that histone H3 could also promote proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma through TLR9 activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. In addition, overexpression of histone H3 was also confirmed to promote hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and metastasis in mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma growth assay and lung metastasis. Conclusions: In hypoxic hepatocellular carcinoma cells, histone H3 can translocate to the cytoplasm and activate caspase-1 via TLR9, thereby producing pro-inflammatory cytokines that promote tumor proliferation and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Jing
- Institute of Liver and Gastroenterology Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lamu Qiong
- Institute of Liver and Gastroenterology Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xiong
- Institute of Liver and Gastroenterology Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Yu Fu, Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China. . Wei Yan, Institute of Liver and Gastroenterology Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China.
| | - Wei Yan
- Institute of Liver and Gastroenterology Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Yu Fu, Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China. . Wei Yan, Institute of Liver and Gastroenterology Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China.
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24
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Du RR, Cedrone E, Romanov A, Falkovich R, Dobrovolskaia MA, Bathe M. Innate Immune Stimulation Using 3D Wireframe DNA Origami. ACS NANO 2022; 16:20340-20352. [PMID: 36459697 PMCID: PMC10144931 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional wireframe DNA origami have programmable structural and sequence features that render them potentially suitable for prophylactic and therapeutic applications. However, their innate immunological properties, which stem from parameters including geometric shape and cytosine-phosphate-guanine dinucleotide (CpG) content, remain largely unknown. Here, we investigate the immunostimulatory properties of 3D wireframe DNA origami on the TLR9 pathway using both reporter cell lines and primary immune cells. Our results suggest that bare 3D polyhedral wireframe DNA origami induce minimal TLR9 activation despite the presence of numerous internal CpG dinucleotides. However, when displaying multivalent CpG-containing ssDNA oligos, wireframe DNA origami induce robust TLR9 pathway activation, along with enhancement of downstream immune response as evidenced by increases in Type I and Type III interferon (IFN) production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Further, we find that CpG copy number and spatial organization each contribute to the magnitude of TLR9 signaling and that NANP-attached CpGs do not require phosphorothioate stabilization to elicit signaling. These results suggest key design parameters for wireframe DNA origami that can be programmed to modulate immune pathway activation controllably for prophylactic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R. Du
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Edward Cedrone
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Anna Romanov
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Reuven Falkovich
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Marina A. Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Mark Bathe
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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25
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Marathe A, M. Rao G, Rai S. Microbiota milieu and mechanisms of intestinal Toll Like Receptors (TLRs) involved in chemotherapy induced mucositis. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2022. [DOI: 10.51248/.v42i5.2275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut is not only of digestive but also of immunological importance because of the residing microbiota milieu. Pathological or certain therapeutic condition may modify the normal commensal microflora. Mucositis, the most common untoward effect of chemotherapy, can also lead to this microbiotic imbalance. This shift leads to various molecular cascades which in turn trigger the action of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR’s). Toll like receptor (TLR) is one such pattern recognition receptor. In the human body there are about 13 types of TLRs out of which TLR-2, TLR-4, TLR-5 and TLR-9 are intestinal specific. They respond through ligands such as bacterial derivatives like flagellin, Lipoteichoic acid, Lipopolysaccharides, microbial antigen or genetic material of the viru. In turn via adaptor molecules, TLRs alter the signalling mechanisms and further induct the activation of pro or anti-inflammatory cytokines based on the immunological need. Several of the studies have described the involvement of under twined mechanisms of TLRs during chemotherapy. Therefore, agonists and/or antagonists of these strategic molecules may play a key role in pathological and therapeutic aspects. Thus, this review is an attempt to focus on the involvement of TLRs and microbiota to different chemotherapeutic agents and thereby track the available mechanisms of functionality.
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26
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Coutinho-Wolino KS, Almeida PP, Mafra D, Stockler-Pinto MB. Bioactive compounds modulating Toll-like 4 receptor (TLR4)-mediated inflammation: pathways involved and future perspectives. Nutr Res 2022; 107:96-116. [PMID: 36209684 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is associated with the development and progression of several noncommunicable diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, cancer, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Evidence suggests that pattern recognition receptors that identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns and danger-associated molecular patterns are crucial in chronic inflammation. Among the pattern recognition receptors, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) stimulates several inflammatory pathway agonists, such as nuclear factor-κB, interferon regulator factor 3, and nod-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 pathways, which consequently trigger the expression of pro-inflammatory biomarkers, increasing the risk of noncommunicable disease development and progression. Studies have focused on the antagonistic potential of bioactive compounds, following the concept of food as a medicine, in which nutritional strategies may mitigate inflammation via TLR4 modulation. Thus, this review discusses preclinical evidence concerning bioactive compounds from fruit, vegetable, spice, and herb extracts (curcumin, resveratrol, catechin, cinnamaldehyde, emodin, ginsenosides, quercetin, allicin, and caffeine) that may regulate the TLR4 pathway and reduce the inflammatory response. Bioactive compounds can inhibit TLR4-mediated inflammation through gut microbiota modulation, improvement of intestinal permeability, inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-TLR4 binding, and decreasing TLR4 expression by modulation of microRNAs and antioxidant pathways. The responses directly mitigated inflammation, especially nuclear factor-κB activation and inflammatory cytokines release. These findings should be considered for further clinical studies on inflammation-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Coutinho-Wolino
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Patricia P Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Denise Mafra
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Nutrition, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Milena B Stockler-Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Nutrition, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
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27
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Ailioaie LM, Ailioaie C, Litscher G. Biomarkers in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Macrophage Activation Syndrome and Their Importance in COVID Era. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12757. [PMID: 36361547 PMCID: PMC9655921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) and its complication, macrophage activation syndrome (sJIA-MAS), are rare but sometimes very serious or even critical diseases of childhood that can occasionally be characterized by nonspecific clinical signs and symptoms at onset-such as non-remitting high fever, headache, rash, or arthralgia-and are biologically accompanied by an increase in acute-phase reactants. For a correct positive diagnosis, it is necessary to rule out bacterial or viral infections, neoplasia, and other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Delays in diagnosis will result in late initiation of targeted therapy. A set of biomarkers is useful to distinguish sJIA or sJIA-MAS from similar clinical entities, especially when arthritis is absent. Biomarkers should be accessible to many patients, with convenient production and acquisition prices for pediatric medical laboratories, as well as being easy to determine, having high sensitivity and specificity, and correlating with pathophysiological disease pathways. The aim of this review was to identify the newest and most powerful biomarkers and their synergistic interaction for easy and accurate recognition of sJIA and sJIA-MAS, so as to immediately guide clinicians in correct diagnosis and in predicting disease outcomes, the response to treatment, and the risk of relapses. Biomarkers constitute an exciting field of research, especially due to the heterogeneous nature of cytokine storm syndromes (CSSs) in the COVID era. They must be selected with utmost care-a fact supported by the increasingly improved genetic and pathophysiological comprehension of sJIA, but also of CSS-so that new classification systems may soon be developed to define homogeneous groups of patients, although each with a distinct disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marinela Ailioaie
- Department of Medical Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Constantin Ailioaie
- Department of Medical Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gerhard Litscher
- Research Unit of Biomedical Engineering in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Research Unit for Complementary and Integrative Laser Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Research Center Graz, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 39, 8036 Graz, Austria
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28
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Liang S, Ma J, Gong H, Shao J, Li J, Zhan Y, Wang Z, Wang C, Li W. Immune regulation and emerging roles of noncoding RNAs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:987018. [PMID: 36311754 PMCID: PMC9608867 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.987018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, engenders an onerous burden on public hygiene. Congenital and adaptive immunity in the human body act as robust defenses against the pathogens. However, in coevolution with humans, this microbe has gained multiple lines of mechanisms to circumvent the immune response to sustain its intracellular persistence and long-term survival inside a host. Moreover, emerging evidence has revealed that this stealthy bacterium can alter the expression of demic noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), leading to dysregulated biological processes subsequently, which may be the rationale behind the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. Meanwhile, the differential accumulation in clinical samples endows them with the capacity to be indicators in the time of tuberculosis suffering. In this article, we reviewed the nearest insights into the impact of ncRNAs during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection as realized via immune response modulation and their potential as biomarkers for the diagnosis, drug resistance identification, treatment evaluation, and adverse drug reaction prediction of tuberculosis, aiming to inspire novel and precise therapy development to combat this pathogen in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufan Liang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiechao Ma
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) Lab, Deepwise Healthcare, Beijing, China
| | - Hanlin Gong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Shao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingwei Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuejuan Zhan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhoufeng Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengdi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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29
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He S, Wang C, Huang Y, Lu S, Li W, Ding N, Chen C, Wu Y. Chlamydia psittaci plasmid-encoded CPSIT_P7 induces macrophage polarization to enhance the antibacterial response through TLR4-mediated MAPK and NF-κB pathways. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119324. [PMID: 35809864 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although the protective effects of Chlamydia psittaci plasmid-encoded protein CPSIT_P7 as vaccine antigens to against chlamydial infection have been confirmed in our previous study, the function and mechanism of CPSIT_P7 inducing innate immunity in the antibacterial response remain unknown. Here, we found that plasmid protein CPSIT_P7 could induce M1 macrophage polarization upregulating the genes of the surface molecule CD86, proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), and antibacterial effector NO synthase 2 (iNOS). During M1 macrophage polarization, macrophages acquire phagocytic and microbicidal competence, which promotes the host antibacterial response. As we observed that CPSIT_P7-induced M1 macrophages could partially reduce the infected mice pulmonary Chlamydia psittaci load. Furthermore, CPSIT_P7 induced M1 macrophage polarization through the TLR4-mediated MAPK and NF-κB pathways. Collectively, our results highlight the effect of CPSIT_P7 on macrophage polarization and provide new insights into new prevention and treatment strategies for chlamydial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqin He
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yanru Huang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Simin Lu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Nan Ding
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Chaoqun Chen
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Yimou Wu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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30
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Halajian EA, LeBlanc EV, Gee K, Colpitts CC. Activation of TLR4 by viral glycoproteins: A double-edged sword? Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1007081. [PMID: 36246240 PMCID: PMC9557975 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1007081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of viral infection by pattern recognition receptors is paramount for a successful immune response to viral infection. However, an unbalanced proinflammatory response can be detrimental to the host. Recently, multiple studies have identified that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein activates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), resulting in the induction of proinflammatory cytokine expression. Activation of TLR4 by viral glycoproteins has also been observed in the context of other viral infection models, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), dengue virus (DENV) and Ebola virus (EBOV). However, the mechanisms involved in virus-TLR4 interactions have remained unclear. Here, we review viral glycoproteins that act as pathogen-associated molecular patterns to induce an immune response via TLR4. We explore the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying how viral glycoproteins are recognized by TLR4 and discuss the contribution of TLR4 activation to viral pathogenesis. We identify contentious findings and research gaps that highlight the importance of understanding viral glycoprotein-mediated TLR4 activation for potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katrina Gee
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Che C. Colpitts
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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31
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Moya M, Escudero B, Gómez-Blázquez E, Rebolledo-Poves AB, López-Gallardo M, Guerrero C, Marco EM, Orio L. Upregulation of TLR4/MyD88 pathway in alcohol-induced Wernicke’s encephalopathy: Findings in preclinical models and in a postmortem human case. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:866574. [PMID: 36225571 PMCID: PMC9549119 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.866574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wernicke’s encephalopathy (WE) is a neurologic disease caused by vitamin B1 or thiamine deficiency (TD), being the alcohol use disorder its main risk factor. WE patients present limiting motor, cognitive, and emotional alterations related to a selective cerebral vulnerability. Neuroinflammation has been proposed to be one of the phenomena that contribute to brain damage. Our previous studies provide evidence for the involvement of the innate immune receptor Toll-like (TLR)4 in the inflammatory response induced in the frontal cortex and cerebellum in TD animal models (animals fed with TD diet [TDD] and receiving pyrithiamine). Nevertheless, the effects of the combination of chronic alcohol consumption and TD on TLR4 and their specific contribution to the pathogenesis of WE are currently unknown. In addition, no studies on TLR4 have been conducted on WE patients since brains from these patients are difficult to achieve. Here, we used rat models of chronic alcohol (CA; 9 months of forced consumption of 20% (w/v) alcohol), TD hit (TDD + daily 0.25 mg/kg i.p. pyrithiamine during 12 days), or combined treatment (CA + TDD) to check the activation of the proinflammatory TLR4/MyD88 pathway and related markers in the frontal cortex and the cerebellum. In addition, we characterized for the first time the TLR4 and its coreceptor MyD88 signature, along with other markers of this proinflammatory signaling such as phospo-NFκB p65 and IκBα, in the postmortem human frontal cortex and cerebellum (gray and white matter) of an alcohol-induced WE patient, comparing it with negative (no disease) and positive (aged brain with Alzheimer’s disease) control subjects for neuroinflammation. We found an increase in the cortical TLR4 and its adaptor molecule MyD88, together with an upregulation of the proinflammatory signaling molecules p-NF-ĸB and IĸBα in the CA + TDD animal model. In the patient diagnosed with alcohol-induced WE, we observed cortical and cerebellar upregulation of the TLR4/MyD88 pathway. Hence, our findings provide evidence, both in the animal model and the human postmortem brain, of the upregulation of the TLR4/MyD88 proinflammatory pathway in alcohol consumption–related WE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Moya
- Department of Psychobiology and Methods in Behavioral Science, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Berta Escudero
- Department of Psychobiology and Methods in Behavioral Science, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Carmen Guerrero
- Biobanco of Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Eva M. Marco
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Orio
- Department of Psychobiology and Methods in Behavioral Science, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Research Network in Primary Care in Addictions (Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria en Adicciones), Riapad, Spain
- *Correspondence: Laura Orio,
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32
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Pollak AJ, Zhao L, Vickers TA, Huggins IJ, Liang XH, Crooke ST. Insights into innate immune activation via PS-ASO-protein-TLR9 interactions. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:8107-8126. [PMID: 35848907 PMCID: PMC9371907 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-CpG PS-ASOs can activate the innate immune system, leading to undesired outcomes. This response can vary—in part—as a function of 2′modifications and sequence. Here we investigated the molecular steps involved in the varied effects of PS-ASOs on the innate immune system. We found that pro-inflammatory PS-ASOs require TLR9 signaling based on the experimental systems used. However, the innate immunity of PS-ASOs does not correlate with their binding affinity with TLR9. Furthermore, the innate immune responses of pro-inflammatory PS-ASOs were reduced by coincubation with non-inflammatory PS-ASOs, suggesting that both pro-inflammatory and non-inflammatory PS-ASOs can interact with TLR9. We show that the kinetics of the PS-ASO innate immune responses can vary, which we speculate may be due to the existence of alternative PS-ASO binding sites on TLR9, leading to full, partial, or no activation of the pathway. In addition, we found that several extracellular proteins, including HMGB1, S100A8 and HRG, enhance the innate immune responses of PS-ASOs. Reduction of the binding affinity by reducing the PS content of PS-ASOs decreased innate immune responses, suggesting that PS-ASO–protein complexes may be sensed by TLR9. These findings thus provide critical information concerning how PS-ASOs can interact with and activate TLR9.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luyi Zhao
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
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Oleuropein ameliorated lung ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting TLR4 signaling cascade in alveolar macrophages. Transpl Immunol 2022; 74:101664. [PMID: 35809814 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2022.101664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lung ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common postoperative complication in patients with lung transplantation, pulmonary embolism, and cardiopulmonary bypass. Lung I/R injury is a sterile inflammatory process that leads to lung dysfunction, and is an important cause of patient death. Effectively alleviating lung I/R injury can thus improve the prognosis of patients. In this study, we created a mouse model of lung I/R injury by transient unilateral left pulmonary artery occlusion. 6-8 weeks male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to four groups: Sham, I/R, I/R + oleuropein (OLE) and OLE. OLE (50 mg/kg) was orally 24 h and 30 min before anesthesia. Measurement of lung pathohistological, isolated alveolar macrophages (AMs), inflammatory mediators, TLR4 and its downstream factors (MyD88, NF-κB) were performed. We then evaluated the ability of oleuropein (OLE) to ameliorate I/R-induced lung injury and explored the possible molecular mechanisms. OLE ameliorated I/R-induced lung injury and edema and decreased inflammatory factors in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. This protection required toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). OLE significantly inhibited I/R-induced expression of TLR4 and its downstream factors in lung tissue and alveolar macrophages. In addition, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α protein accumulated in TLR4-mediated lung I/R injury, and further induced the production of inflammatory factors. Collectively, these data suggest that OLE ameliorates I/R-induced lung injury. The mechanism responsible for its protective effect may involve inhibition of the I/R-induced inflammatory response by downregulating the TLR4 signaling cascade in AMs.
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34
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Zhang Y, Liang X, Bao X, Xiao W, Chen G. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitors: Current research and prospective. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 235:114291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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35
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Said EA, Al-Dughaishi S, Al-Hatmi W, Al-Reesi I, Al-Riyami M, Al-Balushi MS, Al-Bimani A, Al-Busaidi JZ, Al-Khabori M, Al-Kindi S, Procopio FA, Al-Rashdi A, Al-Ansari A, Babiker H, Koh CY, Al-Naamani K, Pantaleo G, Al-Jabri AA. Human macrophages and monocyte-derived dendritic cells stimulate the proliferation of endothelial cells through midkine production. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267662. [PMID: 35476724 PMCID: PMC9045650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokine midkine (MK) is a growth factor that is involved in different physiological processes including tissue repair, inflammation, the development of different types of cancer and the proliferation of endothelial cells. The production of MK by primary human macrophages and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) was never described. We investigated whether MK is produced by primary human monocytes, macrophages and MDDCs and the capacity of macrophages and MDDCs to modulate the proliferation of endothelial cells through MK production. The TLR stimulation of human monocytes, macrophages and MDDCs induced an average of ≈200-fold increase in MK mRNA and the production of an average of 78.2, 62, 179 pg/ml MK by monocytes, macrophages and MDDCs respectively (p < 0.05). MK production was supported by its detection in CD11c+ cells, CLEC4C+ cells and CD68+ cells in biopsies of human tonsils showing reactive lymphoid follicular hyperplasia. JSH-23, which selectively inhibits NF-κB activity, decreased the TLR-induced production of MK in PMBCs, macrophages and MDDCs compared to the control (p < 0.05). The inhibition of MK production by macrophages and MDDCs using anti-MK siRNA decreased the capacity of their supernatants to stimulate the proliferation of endothelial cells (p = 0.01 and 0.04 respectively). This is the first study demonstrating that the cytokine MK is produced by primary human macrophages and MDDCs upon TLR triggering, and that these cells can stimulate endothelial cell proliferation through MK production. Our results also suggest that NF-κB plays a potential role in the production of MK in macrophages and MDDCs upon TLR stimulation. The production of MK by macrophages and MDDCs and the fact that these cells can enhance the proliferation of endothelial cells by producing MK are novel immunological phenomena that have potentially important therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias A. Said
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- * E-mail:
| | - Sumaya Al-Dughaishi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Wadha Al-Hatmi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Iman Al-Reesi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Marwa Al-Riyami
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mohammed S. Al-Balushi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Atika Al-Bimani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Juma Z. Al-Busaidi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Murtadha Al-Khabori
- Department of Hematology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Salam Al-Kindi
- Department of Hematology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Francesco A. Procopio
- Laboratory of AIDS Immunopathogenesis, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) University of Lausanne, Lauzane, Switzerland
| | - Afrah Al-Rashdi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Aliyaa Al-Ansari
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Hamza Babiker
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Crystal Y. Koh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Giuseppe Pantaleo
- Laboratory of AIDS Immunopathogenesis, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) University of Lausanne, Lauzane, Switzerland
| | - Ali A. Al-Jabri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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Huang J, Chai X, Wu Y, Hou Y, Li C, Xue Y, Pan J, Zhao Y, Su A, Zhu X, Zhao S. β-Hydroxybutyric acid attenuates heat stress-induced neuroinflammation via inhibiting TLR4/p38 MAPK and NF-κB pathways in the hippocampus. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22264. [PMID: 35333405 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101469rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress causes many pathophysiological responses in the brain, including neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits. β-Hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) has been shown to have neuroprotective effects against inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of BHBA on neuroinflammation induced by heat stress, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Mice were pretreated with vehicle, BHBA or minocycline (positive control group) and followed by heat exposure (43°C) for 15 min for 14 days. In mice subjected to heat stress, we found that treatment with BHBA or minocycline significantly decreased the level of serum cortisol, the expressions of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and the density of c-Fos+ cells in the hippocampus. Surprisingly, the ethological tests revealed that heat stress led to cognitive dysfunctions and could be alleviated by BHBA and minocycline administration. Further investigation showed that BHBA and minocycline significantly attenuated the activation of microglia and astrocyte induced by heat stress. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were attenuated in the hippocampus by BHBA and minocycline treatment. Importantly, compared with the heat stress group, mice in the BHBA treatment group and positive control group experienced a decrease in the expressions of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), phospho-p38 (p-p38), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Our results elucidated that BHBA inhibits neuroinflammation induced by heat stress by suppressing the activation of microglia and astrocyte, and modulating TLR4/p38 MAPK and NF-κB pathways. This study provides new evidence that BHBA is a potential strategy for protecting animals from heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Chai
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yongji Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, P.R. China
| | - Yan Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, P.R. China
| | - Cixia Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, P.R. China
| | - Yuhuan Xue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, P.R. China
| | - Jiarong Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, P.R. China
| | - Yongkang Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, P.R. China
| | - Aimin Su
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, P.R. China
| | - Shanting Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, P.R. China
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37
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Huérfano S, Šroller V, Bruštíková K, Horníková L, Forstová J. The Interplay between Viruses and Host DNA Sensors. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040666. [PMID: 35458396 PMCID: PMC9027975 DOI: 10.3390/v14040666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA virus infections are often lifelong and can cause serious diseases in their hosts. Their recognition by the sensors of the innate immune system represents the front line of host defence. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of innate immunity responses is an important prerequisite for the design of effective antivirotics. This review focuses on the present state of knowledge surrounding the mechanisms of viral DNA genome sensing and the main induced pathways of innate immunity responses. The studies that have been performed to date indicate that herpesviruses, adenoviruses, and polyomaviruses are sensed by various DNA sensors. In non-immune cells, STING pathways have been shown to be activated by cGAS, IFI16, DDX41, or DNA-PK. The activation of TLR9 has mainly been described in pDCs and in other immune cells. Importantly, studies on herpesviruses have unveiled novel participants (BRCA1, H2B, or DNA-PK) in the IFI16 sensing pathway. Polyomavirus studies have revealed that, in addition to viral DNA, micronuclei are released into the cytosol due to genotoxic stress. Papillomaviruses, HBV, and HIV have been shown to evade DNA sensing by sophisticated intracellular trafficking, unique cell tropism, and viral or cellular protein actions that prevent or block DNA sensing. Further research is required to fully understand the interplay between viruses and DNA sensors.
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38
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Curson JE, Luo L, Liu L, Burgess BJ, Bokil NJ, Wall AA, Brdicka T, Kapetanovic R, Stow JL, Sweet MJ. An alternative downstream translation start site in the non-TIR adaptor Scimp enables selective amplification of CpG DNA responses in mouse macrophages. Immunol Cell Biol 2022; 100:267-284. [PMID: 35201640 PMCID: PMC9544816 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling relies on Toll/interleukin-1 receptor homology (TIR) domain-containing adaptor proteins that recruit downstream signaling molecules to generate tailored immune responses. In addition, the palmitoylated transmembrane adaptor protein family member Scimp acts as a non-TIR-containing adaptor protein in macrophages, scaffolding the Src family kinase Lyn to enable TLR phosphorylation and proinflammatory signaling responses. Here we report the existence of a smaller, naturally occurring translational variant of Scimp (Scimp TV1), which is generated through leaky scanning and translation at a downstream methionine. Scimp TV1 also scaffolds Lyn, but in contrast to full-length Scimp, it is basally rather than lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-inducibly phosphorylated. Macrophages from mice that selectively express Scimp TV1, but not full-length Scimp, have impaired sustained LPS-inducible cytokine responses. Furthermore, in granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor-derived myeloid cells that express high levels of Scimp, selective overexpression of Scimp TV1 enhances CpG DNA-inducible cytokine production. Unlike full-length Scimp that localizes to the cell surface and filopodia, Scimp TV1 accumulates in intracellular compartments, particularly the Golgi. Moreover, this variant of Scimp is not inducibly phosphorylated in response to CpG DNA, suggesting that it may act via an indirect mechanism to enhance TLR9 responses. Our findings thus reveal the use of alternative translation start sites as a previously unrecognized mechanism for diversifying TLR responses in the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Eb Curson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lin Luo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Liping Liu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Belinda J Burgess
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nilesh J Bokil
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Adam A Wall
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tomas Brdicka
- Laboratory of Leukocyte Signaling, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ronan Kapetanovic
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer L Stow
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew J Sweet
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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39
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Yang JX, Tseng JC, Yu GY, Luo Y, Huang CYF, Hong YR, Chuang TH. Recent Advances in the Development of Toll-like Receptor Agonist-Based Vaccine Adjuvants for Infectious Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020423. [PMID: 35214155 PMCID: PMC8878135 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are powerful tools for controlling microbial infections and preventing epidemic diseases. Efficient inactive, subunit, or viral-like particle vaccines usually rely on a safe and potent adjuvant to boost the immune response to the antigen. After a slow start, over the last decade there has been increased developments on adjuvants for human vaccines. The development of adjuvants has paralleled our increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms for the pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-mediated activation of immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a group of PRRs that recognize microbial pathogens to initiate a host’s response to infection. Activation of TLRs triggers potent and immediate innate immune responses, which leads to subsequent adaptive immune responses. Therefore, these TLRs are ideal targets for the development of effective adjuvants. To date, TLR agonists such as monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and CpG-1018 have been formulated in licensed vaccines for their adjuvant activity, and other TLR agonists are being developed for this purpose. The COVID-19 pandemic has also accelerated clinical research of vaccines containing TLR agonist-based adjuvants. In this paper, we reviewed the agonists for TLR activation and the molecular mechanisms associated with the adjuvants’ effects on TLR activation, emphasizing recent advances in the development of TLR agonist-based vaccine adjuvants for infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xing Yang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (J.-X.Y.); (J.-C.T.)
| | - Jen-Chih Tseng
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (J.-X.Y.); (J.-C.T.)
| | - Guann-Yi Yu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan;
| | - Yunping Luo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China;
| | - Chi-Ying F. Huang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Ren Hong
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chuang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (J.-X.Y.); (J.-C.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
- Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-37-246166 (ext. 37611)
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40
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Zhou C, Zheng J, Fan Y, Wu J. TI: NLRP3 Inflammasome-Dependent Pyroptosis in CNS Trauma: A Potential Therapeutic Target. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:821225. [PMID: 35186932 PMCID: PMC8847380 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.821225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) trauma, including traumatic brain injury (TBI) and traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), is characterized by high morbidity, disability, and mortality. TBI and SCI have similar pathophysiological mechanisms and are often accompanied by serious inflammatory responses. Pyroptosis, an inflammation-dependent programmed cell death, is becoming a major problem in CNS post-traumatic injury. Notably, the pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a key protein in the pyroptosis signaling pathway. Therefore, underlying mechanism of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the development of CNS trauma has attracted much attention. In this review, we briefly summarize the molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome in pyroptosis signaling pathway, including its prime and activation. Moreover, the dynamic expression pattern, and roles of the NLRP3 inflammasome in CNS post-traumatic injury are summarized. The therapeutic applications of NLRP3 inflammasome activation inhibitors are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunpeng Fan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junsong Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Junsong Wu,
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SKAP2 suppresses inflammation-mediated tumorigenesis by regulating SHP-1 and SHP-2. Oncogene 2022; 41:1087-1099. [PMID: 35034964 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases, like ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are frequently accompanied by colorectal cancers. However, the mechanisms underlying colitis-associated cancers are not fully understood. Src Kinase Associated Phosphoprotein 2 (SKAP2), a substrate of Src family kinases, is highly expressed in macrophages. Here, we examined the effects of SKAP2 on inflammatory responses in a mouse model of tumorigenesis with colitis induced by azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium. SKAP2 knockout increased the severity of colitis and tumorigenesis, as well as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced acute inflammation. SKAP2 attenuated inflammatory signaling in macrophages induced by uptake of cancer cell-derived exosomes. SKAP2-/- mice were characterized by the activation of NF-κB signaling and the upregulation and release of cytokines including TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL-9/-10/-13, and sICAM1; SKAP2 overexpression attenuated NF-κB activation. Mechanistically, SKAP2 formed a complex with the SHP-1 tyrosine phosphatase via association with the Sirpα transmembrane receptor. SKAP2 also physically associated with the TIR domain of MyD88, TIRAP, and TRAM, adaptors of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). SKAP2-mediated recruitment of the Sirpα/SHP-1 complex to TLR4 attenuated inflammatory responses, whereas direct interaction of SKAP2 with SHP-2 decreased SHP-2 activation. SHP-2 is required for efficient NF-κB activation and suppresses the TRAM/TRIF-INFβ pathway; therefore, SKAP2-mediated SHP-2 inhibition affected two signaling axes from TLR4. The present findings indicate that SKAP2 prevents excess inflammation by inhibiting the TLR4-NF-κB pathway, and it activates the TLR4-IFNβ pathway through SHP-1 and SHP-2, thereby suppressing inflammation-mediated tumorigenesis.
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Coronas-Serna JM, del Val E, Kagan JC, Molina M, Cid VJ. Heterologous Expression and Assembly of Human TLR Signaling Components in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11111737. [PMID: 34827735 PMCID: PMC8615643 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling is key to detect pathogens and initiating inflammation. Ligand recognition triggers the assembly of supramolecular organizing centers (SMOCs) consisting of large complexes composed of multiple subunits. Building such signaling hubs relies on Toll Interleukin-1 Receptor (TIR) and Death Domain (DD) protein-protein interaction domains. We have expressed TIR domain-containing components of the human myddosome (TIRAP and MyD88) and triffosome (TRAM and TRIF) SMOCs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as a platform for their study. Interactions between the TLR4 TIR domain, TIRAP, and MyD88 were recapitulated in yeast. Human TIRAP decorated the yeast plasma membrane (PM), except for the bud neck, whereas MyD88 was found at cytoplasmic spots, which were consistent with endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria junctions, as evidenced by co-localization with Mmm1 and Mdm34, components of the ER and Mitochondria Encounter Structures (ERMES). The formation of MyD88-TIRAP foci at the yeast PM was reinforced by co-expression of a membrane-bound TLR4 TIR domain. Mutations in essential residues of their TIR domains aborted MyD88 recruitment by TIRAP, but their respective subcellular localizations were unaltered. TRAM and TRIF, however, did not co-localize in yeast. TRAM assembled long PM-bound filaments that were disrupted by co-expression of the TLR4 TIR domain. Our results evidence that the yeast model can be exploited to study the interactions and subcellular localization of human SMOC components in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia María Coronas-Serna
- Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.C.-S.); (E.d.V.)
| | - Elba del Val
- Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.C.-S.); (E.d.V.)
| | - Jonathan C. Kagan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - María Molina
- Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.C.-S.); (E.d.V.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (V.J.C.); Tel.: +34-91-394-1888 (V.J.C.)
| | - Víctor J. Cid
- Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.C.-S.); (E.d.V.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (V.J.C.); Tel.: +34-91-394-1888 (V.J.C.)
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Oleszycka E, Rodgers AM, Xu L, Moynagh PN. Dendritic Cell-Specific Role for Pellino2 as a Mediator of TLR9 Signaling Pathway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:2325-2336. [PMID: 34588221 PMCID: PMC8525870 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination regulates immune signaling, and multiple E3 ubiquitin ligases have been studied in the context of their role in immunity. Despite this progress, the physiological roles of the Pellino E3 ubiquitin ligases, especially Pellino2, in immune regulation remain largely unknown. Accordingly, this study aimed to elucidate the role of Pellino2 in murine dendritic cells (DCs). In this study, we reveal a critical role of Pellino2 in regulation of the proinflammatory response following TLR9 stimulation. Pellino2-deficient murine DCs show impaired secretion of IL-6 and IL-12. Loss of Pellino2 does not affect TLR9-induced activation of NF-κB or MAPKs, pathways that drive expression of IL-6 and IL-12. Furthermore, DCs from Pellino2-deficient mice show impaired production of type I IFN following endosomal TLR9 activation, and it partly mediates a feed-forward loop of IFN-β that promotes IL-12 production in DCs. We also observe that Pellino2 in murine DCs is downregulated following TLR9 stimulation, and its overexpression induces upregulation of both IFN-β and IL-12, demonstrating the sufficiency of Pellino2 in driving these responses. This suggests that Pellino2 is critical for executing TLR9 signaling, with its expression being tightly regulated to prevent excessive inflammatory response. Overall, this study highlights a (to our knowledge) novel role for Pellino2 in regulating DC functions and further supports important roles for Pellino proteins in mediating and controlling immunity. Pellino2 mediates TLR9-induced cytokine production in dendritic cells. Pellino2 does not play a role in TLR9 signaling in macrophages. Pellino2 is a limiting factor for TLR9 signaling in dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Oleszycka
- Department of Biology, The Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland; and
| | - Aoife M Rodgers
- Department of Biology, The Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland; and
| | - Linan Xu
- Department of Biology, The Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland; and
| | - Paul N Moynagh
- Department of Biology, The Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland; and .,Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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44
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How dendritic cells sense and respond to viral infections. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:2217-2242. [PMID: 34623425 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The ability of dendritic cells (DCs) to sense viral pathogens and orchestrate a proper immune response makes them one of the key players in antiviral immunity. Different DC subsets have complementing functions during viral infections, some specialize in antigen presentation and cross-presentation and others in the production of cytokines with antiviral activity, such as type I interferons. In this review, we summarize the latest updates concerning the role of DCs in viral infections, with particular focus on the complex interplay between DC subsets and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Despite being initiated by a vast array of immune receptors, DC-mediated antiviral responses often converge towards the same endpoint, that is the production of proinflammatory cytokines and the activation of an adaptive immune response. Nonetheless, the inherent migratory properties of DCs make them a double-edged sword and often viral recognition by DCs results in further viral dissemination. Here we illustrate these various aspects of the antiviral functions of DCs and also provide a brief overview of novel antiviral vaccination strategies based on DCs targeting.
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45
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Zanini G, De Gaetano A, Selleri V, Savino G, Cossarizza A, Pinti M, Mattioli AV, Nasi M. Mitochondrial DNA and Exercise: Implications for Health and Injuries in Sports. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102575. [PMID: 34685555 PMCID: PMC8533813 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, several studies have highlighted the tight connection between mitochondria and physical activity. Mitochondrial functions are important in high-demanding metabolic activities, such as endurance sports. Moreover, regular training positively affects metabolic health by increasing mitochondrial oxidative capacity and regulating glucose metabolism. Exercise could have multiple effects, also on the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and vice versa; some studies have investigated how mtDNA polymorphisms can affect the performance of general athletes and mtDNA haplogroups seem to be related to the performance of elite endurance athletes. Along with several stimuli, including pathogens, stress, trauma, and reactive oxygen species, acute and intense exercise also seem to be responsible for mtDNA release into the cytoplasm and extracellular space, leading to the activation of the innate immune response. In addition, several sports are characterized by a higher frequency of injuries, including cranial trauma, associated with neurological consequences. However, with regular exercise, circulating cell-free mtDNA levels are kept low, perhaps promoting cf-mtDNA removal, acting as a protective factor against inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Zanini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.Z.); (A.D.G.); (V.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Anna De Gaetano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.Z.); (A.D.G.); (V.S.); (M.P.)
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research-INRC, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.C.); (A.V.M.)
| | - Valentina Selleri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.Z.); (A.D.G.); (V.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Gustavo Savino
- Department of Public Healthcare, Sports Medicine Service, Azienda USL of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy;
| | - Andrea Cossarizza
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research-INRC, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.C.); (A.V.M.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marcello Pinti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.Z.); (A.D.G.); (V.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Anna Vittoria Mattioli
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research-INRC, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.C.); (A.V.M.)
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Milena Nasi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-059-205-5422
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46
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Giovannelli I, Bayatti N, Brown A, Wang D, Mickunas M, Camu W, Veyrune JL, Payan C, Garlanda C, Locati M, Juntas-Morales R, Pageot N, Malaspina A, Andreasson U, Suehs C, Saker S, Masseguin C, de Vos J, Zetterberg H, Al-Chalabi A, Leigh PN, Tree T, Bensimon G, Heath PR, Shaw PJ, Kirby J. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis transcriptomics reveals immunological effects of low-dose interleukin-2. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab141. [PMID: 34409288 PMCID: PMC8364666 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a fatal neurodegenerative disease causing upper and lower motor neuron loss and currently no effective disease-modifying treatment is available. A pathological feature of this disease is neuroinflammation, a mechanism which involves both CNS-resident and peripheral immune system cells. Regulatory T-cells are immune-suppressive agents known to be dramatically and progressively decreased in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Low-dose interleukin-2 promotes regulatory T-cell expansion and was proposed as an immune-modulatory strategy for this disease. A randomized placebo-controlled pilot phase-II clinical trial called Immuno-Modulation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis was carried out to test safety and activity of low-dose interleukin-2 in 36 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients (NCT02059759). Participants were randomized to 1MIU, 2MIU-low-dose interleukin-2 or placebo and underwent one injection daily for 5 days every 28 days for three cycles. In this report, we describe the results of microarray gene expression profiling of trial participants' leukocyte population. We identified a dose-dependent increase in regulatory T-cell markers at the end of the treatment period. Longitudinal analysis revealed an alteration and inhibition of inflammatory pathways occurring promptly at the end of the first treatment cycle. These responses are less pronounced following the end of the third treatment cycle, although an activation of immune-regulatory pathways, involving regulatory T-cells and T helper 2 cells, was evident only after the last cycle. This indicates a cumulative effect of repeated low-dose interleukin-2 administration on regulatory T-cells. Our analysis suggested the existence of inter-individual variation amongst trial participants and we therefore classified patients into low, moderate and high-regulatory T-cell-responders. NanoString profiling revealed substantial baseline differences between participant immunological transcript expression profiles with the least responsive patients showing a more inflammatory-prone phenotype at the beginning of the trial. Finally, we identified two genes in which pre-treatment expression levels correlated with the magnitude of drug responsiveness. Therefore, we proposed a two-biomarker based regression model able to predict patient regulatory T-cell-response to low-dose interleukin-2. These findings and the application of this methodology could be particularly relevant for future precision medicine approaches to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Giovannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Nadhim Bayatti
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Abigail Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Dennis Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK.,Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Marius Mickunas
- Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DP, UK
| | - William Camu
- Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jean-Luc Veyrune
- Clinique du Motoneurone, CHU Gui de Chaliac, University of Montpellier, Montpellier 34295, France
| | - Christine Payan
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, University of Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier 34000, France.,Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health and Innovation in Methodology (BESPIM), Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes 30029, France
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- Department of Pharmacology, AP-HP Sorbonne University, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, 75013 France.,Humanitas Clinical & Research Center-IRCCS, Milan 20089, Italy
| | - Massimo Locati
- Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan 20090, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Raul Juntas-Morales
- Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Nicolas Pageot
- Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Andrea Malaspina
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Neuroscience and Trauma Centre, Institute of Cell and Molecular Medicine, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Ulf Andreasson
- Department of Psychiatry & Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal 41345, Sweden
| | - Carey Suehs
- Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health and Innovation in Methodology (BESPIM), Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes 30029, France.,Department of Medical Information, University of Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Respiratory Diseases, University of Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier 34090, France
| | - Safa Saker
- DNA and Cell Bank, Genethon, Evry 91000, France
| | - Christophe Masseguin
- Delegation for Clinical Research and Innovation, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes 30029, France
| | - John de Vos
- Clinique du Motoneurone, CHU Gui de Chaliac, University of Montpellier, Montpellier 34295, France
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry & Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal 41345, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal 43180, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London SE5 9RX, UK.,Department of Neurology, King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - P Nigel Leigh
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, The Trafford Centre for Biomedical Research, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RY, UK
| | - Timothy Tree
- Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DP, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Gilbert Bensimon
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, University of Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier 34000, France.,Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health and Innovation in Methodology (BESPIM), Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes 30029, France.,Department of Pharmacology, Sorbonne University Médecine, F-75013 Paris 75013, France
| | - Paul R Heath
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Janine Kirby
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
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Shandilya UK, Sharma A, Mallikarjunappa S, Guo J, Mao Y, Meade KG, Karrow NA. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of TLR4 modulates Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis cell lysate-induced inflammation in bovine mammary epithelial cells. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:11135-11146. [PMID: 34253365 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a pattern-recognition receptor involved in the recognition of microbial pathogens and host alarmins. Ligation to TLR4 initiates a signaling cascade that leads to inflammation. Polymorphisms in bovine TLR4 have been associated with Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) susceptibility and resistance, the cause of Johne's disease, and milk somatic cell score, a biomarker of mastitis. Although the contribution of TLR4 to recognition of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been well characterized, its role in MAP recognition is less certain. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas9 mediated gene editing was performed to generate TLR4 knockout (KO) mammary epithelial cells to determine if TLR4 expression is involved in the initiation of the host inflammatory response to MAP cell lysate (5 and 10 µg/mL) and Escherichia coli LPS (5 µg/mL). The absence of TLR4 in KO cells resulted in enhanced expression of key inflammatory genes (TNFA and IL6), anti-inflammatory genes (IL10 and SOCS3), and supernatant cytokine and chemokine levels (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, CCL3) in response to the MAP cell lysate (10 µg/mL). However, in response to LPS, the KO cells showed reduced expression of key inflammatory genes (TNFA, IL1A, IL1B, and IL6) and supernatant cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-6, CCL2, IL-8) as compared with unedited cells. Overall, these results confirm that TLR4 is essential for eliciting inflammation in response to LPS; however, exacerbated gene and protein expression in TLR4 KO cells in response to MAP cell lysate suggests a different mechanism of infection and host response for MAP, at least in terms of how it interacts with TLR4. These novel findings show potential divergent roles for TLR4 in mycobacterial infections, and this may have important consequences for the therapeutic control of inflammation in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh K Shandilya
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Sharma
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Mallikarjunappa
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Guo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P R China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Y Mao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P R China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - K G Meade
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc, Grange, Co. Meath, Ireland, C15 PW93; School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Ireland, D04 V1W8
| | - N A Karrow
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada.
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48
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Wong DVT, Holanda RBF, Cajado AG, Bandeira AM, Pereira JFB, Amorim JO, Torres CS, Ferreira LMM, Lopes MHS, Oliveira RTG, Pereira AF, Sant'Ana RO, Arruda LM, Ribeiro-Júnior HL, Pinheiro RF, Almeida PRC, Carvalho RF, Chaves FF, Rocha-Filho DR, Cunha FQ, Lima-Júnior RCP. TLR4 deficiency upregulates TLR9 expression and enhances irinotecan-related intestinal mucositis and late-onset diarrhoea. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4193-4209. [PMID: 34216140 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Severe diarrhoea, a common gastrointestinal manifestation of anticancer treatment with irinotecan, might involve single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of toll-like receptors (TLRs), described as critical bacterial sensors in the gut. Here, colorectal cancer patients carrying missense TLR4 A896G (rs4986790) or C1,196T (rs4986791) SNPs and Tlr4 knockout (Tlr4-/-) mice were given irinotecan to investigate the severity of the induced diarrhoea. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Forty-six patients treated with irinotecan-based regimens had diarrhoea severity analysed according to TLR4 genotypes. In the experimental setting, wild-type (WT) or Tlr4-/- mice were given irinotecan (45 or 75 mg·kg-1 , i.p.) or saline (3 ml·kg-1 ). Diarrhoea severity was evaluated by measuring intestinal injury and inflammatory markers expression after animals were killed. KEY RESULTS All patients with TLR4 SNPs chemotherapy-treated presented diarrhoea, whereas gastrointestinal toxicity was observed in 50% of the wild homozygous individuals. Mice injected with irinotecan presented systemic bacterial translocation and increased TLR4 immunostaining in the intestine. In line with the clinical findings, Tlr4 gene deficiency enhanced irinotecan-related diarrhoea and TLR9 expression in mice. An increased myeloperoxidase activity and Il-18 expression along with IL-10 decreased production in Tlr4-/- mice also indicated an intensified intestinal damage and inflammatory response. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS TLR4 deficiency upregulates TLR9 expression and enhances intestinal damage and the severity of late-onset diarrhoea during irinotecan-based treatment. Identifying patients genetically predisposed to chemotherapy-associated diarrhoea is a strategy toward precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deysi Viviana Tenazoa Wong
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Haroldo Juaçaba Hospital, Cancer Institute of Ceará (ICC), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Renata Brito Falcão Holanda
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Aurilene Gomes Cajado
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Cancer Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Maia Bandeira
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Cancer Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jorge Fernando Bessa Pereira
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Cancer Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Joice Oliveira Amorim
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Haroldo Juaçaba Hospital, Cancer Institute of Ceará (ICC), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Clarice Sampaio Torres
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Cancer Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Luana Maria Moura Ferreira
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Cancer Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marina Helena Silva Lopes
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Roberta Taiane Germano Oliveira
- Cancer Cytogenomic Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Anamaria Falcão Pereira
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Cancer Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rosane Oliveira Sant'Ana
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Haroldo Juaçaba Hospital, Cancer Institute of Ceará (ICC), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Clinical Oncology Service, Haroldo Juaçaba Hospital, Cancer Institute of Ceará (ICC), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Larissa Mont'alverne Arruda
- Clinical Oncology Service, Haroldo Juaçaba Hospital, Cancer Institute of Ceará (ICC), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Howard Lopes Ribeiro-Júnior
- Cancer Cytogenomic Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ronald Feitosa Pinheiro
- Cancer Cytogenomic Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Carvalho Almeida
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Robson Francisco Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Figueiredo Chaves
- Clinical Oncology Service, Haroldo Juaçaba Hospital, Cancer Institute of Ceará (ICC), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Duílio Reis Rocha-Filho
- Clinical Oncology Service, Walter Cantídio University Hospital, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Fernando Queiroz Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, State of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto César Pereira Lima-Júnior
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Cancer Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Manes NP, Nita-Lazar A. Molecular Mechanisms of the Toll-Like Receptor, STING, MAVS, Inflammasome, and Interferon Pathways. mSystems 2021; 6:e0033621. [PMID: 34184910 PMCID: PMC8269223 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00336-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) form the front line of defense against pathogens. Many of the molecular mechanisms that facilitate PRR signaling have been characterized in detail, which is critical for the development of accurate PRR pathway models at the molecular interaction level. These models could support the development of therapeutics for numerous diseases, including sepsis and COVID-19. This review describes the molecular mechanisms of the principal signaling interactions of the Toll-like receptor, STING, MAVS, and inflammasome pathways. A detailed molecular mechanism network is included as Data Set S1 in the supplemental material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan P. Manes
- Functional Cellular Networks Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Aleksandra Nita-Lazar
- Functional Cellular Networks Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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50
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TLR4 biased small molecule modulators. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 228:107918. [PMID: 34171331 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biased pharmacological modulators provide potential therapeutic benefits, including greater pharmacodynamic specificity, increased efficiency and reduced adverse effects. Therefore, the identification of such modulators as drug candidates is highly desirable. Currently, attention was mainly paid to biased signaling modulators targeting G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The biased signaling modulation of non-GPCR receptors has yet to be exploited. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is one such non-GPCR receptor, which involves MyD88-dependent and TRIF-dependent signaling pathways. Moreover, the dysregulation of TLR4 contributes to numerous diseases, which highlights the importance of biased modulator development targeting TLR4. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the recent progress in the discovery of biased modulators of TLR4. The challenges and methods for the discovery of TLR4 biased modulators are also outlined. Small molecules biasedly modulating the TLR4 signaling axis not only provide probes to fine-tune receptor conformation and signaling but also provide an opportunity to identify promising drug candidates. The discovery of biased modulators of TLR4 would provide insight for the future development of biased modulators for other non-GPCR receptors.
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