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Cao B, Da X, Wu W, Xie J, Li X, Wang X, Xu H, Gao J, Yang H, Su J. Multifunctional human serum albumin-crosslinked and self-assembling nanoparticles for therapy of periodontitis by anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation and osteogenesis. Mater Today Bio 2024; 28:101163. [PMID: 39183771 PMCID: PMC11341939 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that can result in the irreversible loss of tooth-supporting tissues and elevate the likelihood and intensity of systemic diseases. The presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and associated related oxidative stress is intricately linked to the progression and severity of periodontal inflammation. Targeted removal of local ROS may serve to attenuate inflammation, improve the unfavorable periodontal microenvironment and potentially reverse ensuing pathological cascades. These ROS scavenging nanoparticles, which possess additional characteristics such as anti-inflammation and osteogenic differentiation, are highly sought after for the treatment of periodontitis. In this study, negative charged human serum albumin-crosslinked manganese-doped self-assembling Prussian blue nanoparticles (HSA-MDSPB NPs) were fabricated. These nanoparticles demonstrate the ability to scavenge multiple ROS including superoxide anion, free hydroxyl radicals, singlet oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Additionally, HSA-MDSPB NPs exhibit the capacity to alleviate inflammation in gingiva and alveolar bone both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, HSA-MDSPB NPs have been shown to play a role in promoting the polarization of macrophages from the M1 to M2 phenotype, resulting in reduced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. More attractively, HSA-MDSPB NPs have been demonstrated to enhance cellular osteogenic differentiation. These properties of HSA-MDSPB NPs contribute to decreased inflammation, extracellular matrix degradation and bone loss in periodontal tissue. In conclusion, the multifunctional nature of HSA-MDSPB NPs provides a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangping Cao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration & Tongji Research Institute of Stomatology & Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuanbo Da
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710000, China
| | - Wenjing Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration & Tongji Research Institute of Stomatology & Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Xie
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration & Tongji Research Institute of Stomatology & Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejing Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration & Tongji Research Institute of Stomatology & Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration & Tongji Research Institute of Stomatology & Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration & Tongji Research Institute of Stomatology & Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfang Gao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration & Tongji Research Institute of Stomatology & Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration & Tongji Research Institute of Stomatology & Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiansheng Su
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration & Tongji Research Institute of Stomatology & Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Yang Y, Chen L. Omentin-1 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and osteogenic differentiation in periodontal ligament stem cells and reduces M1 macrophages polarization through repressing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 174:106882. [PMID: 39151819 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis is featured as the periodontium's pathologic destruction caused by the host's overwhelmed inflammation. Omentin-1 has been reported to be aberrantly downregulated in patients with periodontitis, but the specific regulation of Omentin-1 during the pathogenesis of periodontitis remains unclear. In this study, human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Porphyromonas gingivalis to establish an in vitro inflammatory periodontitis model. hPDLSCs were treated with recombinant human Omentin-1 (250, 500 and 750 ng/mL) for 3 h before LPS stimulation. Results revealed that Omentin-1 significantly inhibited LPS-induced inflammation in hPDLSCs through reducing the production of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6) and downregulating the expression of Cox2 and iNOS. Meanwhile, Omentin-1 significantly enhanced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and Alizarin red-stained area, accompanied by increasing expression osteogenic markers BMP2, OCN and Runx2, confirming that Omentin-1 restores osteogenic differentiation in LPS-induced hPDLSCs. In addition, the conditioned medium (CM) from LPS-induced hPDLSCs was harvested to culture macrophages, which resulted in macrophage polarization towards M1, while CM from Omentin-1-treated hPDLSCs reduced M1 macrophages polarization and elevated M2 polarization. Furthermore, Omentin-1 also inhibited LPS-triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in hPDLSCs, and additional treatment of the ER stress activator tunicamycin (TM) partially reversed the functions of Omentin-1 on inflammation, osteogenic differentiation and macrophages polarization. In summary, Omentin-1 exerted a protective role against periodontitis through inhibiting inflammation and enhancing osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs, providing a novelty treatment option for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Stomatological Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Xiamen 361008, China
| | - Lirong Chen
- Dongfeng Stomatological Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China.
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Ding C, Shen Z, Xu R, Liu Y, Xu M, Fan C, Hu D, Xing T. Exosomes derived from periodontitis induce hepatic steatosis through the SCD-1/AMPK signaling pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167343. [PMID: 38986822 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the impact of exosomes released by Porphyromonas gingivalis-Lipopolysaccharide activated THP-1 macrophages and human periodontal ligament fibroblasts on hepatocyte fat metabolism. RESULTS The liver of rats with experimental periodontitis showed obvious steatosis and inflammation compared with control rats. The culture supernatant of macrophages and human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLFs), when stimulated with Pg-LPS, induced lipogenesis in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, the lipid-promoting effect was effectively inhibited by the addition of the exosome inhibitor GW4869. Subsequently, we isolated exosomes from cells associated with periodontitis. Exosomes released by Pg-LPS-stimulated macrophages and hPDLFs are taken up by hepatocytes, causing mRNA expression related to fat synthesis, promoting triglyceride synthesis, and aggravating NAFLD progression. Finally, two sets of exosomes were injected into mice through the tail vein. In vivo experiments have also demonstrated that periodontitis-associated exosomes promote the development of hepatic injury and steatosis, upregulate SCD-1 expression and inhibit the AMPK signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we found that exosomes associated with periodontitis promote hepatocyte adipogenesis by increasing the expression of SCD-1 and suppressing the AMPK pathway, which indicates that close monitoring of the progression of stomatopathy associated extra-oral disorders is important and establishes a theoretical foundation for the prevention and management of fatty liver disease linked to periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmeng Ding
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhenguo Shen
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ruonan Xu
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yajing Liu
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Mengyue Xu
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Chenyu Fan
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Dongyue Hu
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Tian Xing
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China.
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4
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Xie C, Dong JZ, Lu BS, Yan PY, Zhao YS, Ding XY, Lv CE, Zheng X. Pharmacology and therapeutic potential of agarwood and agarwood tree leaves in periodontitis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1468393. [PMID: 39323637 PMCID: PMC11422227 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1468393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The main bioactive components of agarwood, derived from Aquilaria sinensis, include sesquiterpenes, 2-(2-phenethyl) chromone derivatives, aromatic compounds, and fatty acids, which typically exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immune-modulating, hypoglycemic, and antitumor pharmacological effects in the form of essential oils. Agarwood tree leaves, rich in flavonoids, 2-(2-phenethyl) chromone compounds, and flavonoid compounds, also exhibit significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune-modulating effects. These properties are particularly relevant to the treatment of periodontitis, given that inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and immune dysregulation are key pathological mechanisms of the disease, highlighting the substantial potential of agarwood and agarwood tree leaves in this therapeutic area. However, the low solubility and poor bioavailability of essential oils present challenges that necessitate the development of improved active formulations. In this review, we will introduce the bioactive components, extraction methods, pharmacological actions, and clinical applications of agarwood and agarwood tree leaves, analyzing its prospects for the treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xie
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- School of Stomatology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jing-Zhe Dong
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- School of Stomatology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Bing-Shuai Lu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- School of Stomatology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Peng-Yao Yan
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- School of Stomatology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yun-Shan Zhao
- Integrated Department, Hainan Stomatological Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Xin-Yue Ding
- School of Stomatology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Cheng-En Lv
- School of Stomatology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xu Zheng
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- School of Stomatology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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5
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Li Y, Yu H, Lopes-Virella MF, Huang Y. GPR40/GPR120 Agonist GW9508 Improves Metabolic Syndrome-Exacerbated Periodontitis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9622. [PMID: 39273569 PMCID: PMC11394899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor (GPR)40 and GPR120 are receptors for medium- and long-chain free fatty acids. It has been well documented that GPR40 and GPR120 activation improves metabolic syndrome (MetS) and exerts anti-inflammatory effects. Since chronic periodontitis is a common oral inflammatory disease initiated by periodontal pathogens and exacerbated by MetS, we determined if GPR40 and GPR120 activation with agonists improves MetS-associated periodontitis in animal models in this study. We induced MetS and periodontitis by high-fat diet feeding and periodontal injection of lipopolysaccharide, respectively, and treated mice with GW9508, a synthetic GPR40 and GPR120 dual agonist. We determined alveolar bone loss, osteoclast formation, and periodontal inflammation using micro-computed tomography, osteoclast staining, and histology. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we further performed studies to determine the effects of GW9508 on osteoclastogenesis and proinflammatory gene expression in vitro. Results showed that GW9508 improved metabolic parameters, including glucose, lipids, and insulin resistance. Results also showed that GW9508 improves periodontitis by reducing alveolar bone loss, osteoclastogenesis, and periodontal inflammation. Finally, in vitro studies showed that GW9508 inhibited osteoclast formation and proinflammatory gene secretion from macrophages. In conclusion, this study demonstrated for the first time that GPR40/GPR120 agonist GW9508 reduced alveolar bone loss and alleviated periodontal inflammation in mice with MetS-exacerbated periodontitis, suggesting that activating GPR40/GPR120 with agonist GW9508 is a potential anti-inflammatory approach for the treatment of MetS-associated periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Biomedical & Community Health Sciences, The James B. Edwards College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Maria F Lopes-Virella
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Yan Huang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Jiang Y, Ren X, Mao J, Zeng J, Jiang W, Zhou R, Han Y, Wang H, Mao Y, Sun X, Cao Z, Song Z, Huang S, Zhao S. 3-methyl-1H-indol-1-yl dimethylcarbamodithioate attenuates periodontitis through targeting MAPK signaling pathway-regulated mitochondrial function. J Periodontal Res 2024; 59:783-797. [PMID: 38551200 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis, the second most common oral disease, is primarily initiated by inflammatory responses and osteoclast differentiation, in which the MAPK signaling pathway and mitochondrial function play important roles. 3-methyl-1H-indol-1-yl dimethylcarbamodithioate (3o), a hybrid of indole and dithiocarbamate, was first synthesized by our group. It has shown anti-inflammatory activity against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. However, it is not known if 3o can exert effects in periodontitis. In vitro study: LPS-induced macrophage inflammation initiation and a receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand-stimulated osteoclast differentiation model were established. Cell viability, inflammatory cytokines, osteoclast differentiation, the MAPK signaling pathway, and mitochondrial function before and after treatment with 3o were investigated. In vivo study: Alveolar bone resorption, inflammatory cytokine expression, osteoclast differentiation, and the underlying mechanisms were assessed in mice with periodontitis. Inflammatory cytokine expression and osteoclast differentiation appeared downregulated after 3o treatment. 3o inhibited the MAPK signaling pathway and restored mitochondrial function, including mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP production. Meanwhile, 3o reduced inflammation activation and bone resorption in mice with periodontitis, reflected by the decreased expression of inflammatory cytokines and osteoclasts, implying that 3o inhibited the MAPK signaling pathway and the mitochondrial oxidative DNA damage marker 8-OHdG. These results highlight the protective role of 3o in periodontitis in mice and reveal an important strategy for preventing periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jiang
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuekun Ren
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Mao
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wanying Jiang
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Runqi Zhou
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yue Han
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongning Wang
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yixin Mao
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zelin Cao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zengqiang Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengbin Huang
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shufan Zhao
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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7
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Qiao D, Cheng S, Song S, Zhang W, Chen B, Yan F, Zhang Y. Polarized M2 macrophages induced by glycosylated nano-hydroxyapatites activate bone regeneration in periodontitis therapy. J Clin Periodontol 2024; 51:1054-1065. [PMID: 38736143 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association between periodontal macrophage polarization states and the alveolar bone levels, and to assess whether glycosylated nano-hydroxyapatites (GHANPs) could improve bone regeneration in periodontitis by inducing macrophage M2 polarization. MATERIALS AND METHODS The change of macrophage polarization state in inflammatory periodontal tissues (with bone loss) was examined using clinical gingival samples. The relationship between macrophage phenotype and bone level in periodontal bone loss and repair was evaluated using a mouse periodontitis model. The effect of GHANPs on macrophage polarization was assessed by the in vitro model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammation. The polarization-related markers were detected by immunofluorescence staining, real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis. The therapeutic effect of GHANPs on alveolar bone loss was explored in experimental periodontitis by histological staining and micro-CT analysis. RESULTS A lower macrophage M2/M1 ratio was observed in periodontitis-affected human gingival tissues. The results of animal experiments demonstrated a positive correlation between a lower Arg-1/iNOS ratio and accelerated alveolar bone loss; also, the proportion of Arg-1-positive macrophages increased during bone repair and regeneration. The administration of GHANPs partially restored M2 macrophage polarization after LPS stimulation. GHANPs increased alveolar bone repair and regeneration in experimental periodontitis induced by ligation, potentially related to their macrophage M2 transition regulation. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study indicate that the induction of macrophage M2 polarization can be considered a viable approach for enhancing inflammatory bone repair. Additionally, GHANPs show potential in the clinical treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qiao
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyu Cheng
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyuan Song
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Chen
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangheng Zhang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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8
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He Z, Liu Y, Zheng ZL, Lv JC, Liu SB, Zhang J, Liu HH, Xu JZ, Li ZM, Luo E. Periodic Lamellae-Based Nanofibers for Precise Immunomodulation to Treat Inflammatory Bone Loss in Periodontitis. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303549. [PMID: 38333940 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common oral disease accompanied by inflammatory bone loss. The pathological characteristics of periodontitis usually accompany an imbalance in the periodontal immune microenvironment, leading to difficulty in bone regeneration. Therefore, effective treatment strategies are needed to modulate the immune environment in order to treat periodontitis. Here, highly-oriented periodic lamellae poly(ε-caprolactone) electrospun nanofibers (PLN) are developed by surface-directed epitaxial crystallization. The in vitro result shows that the PLN can precisely modulate macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype. Macrophages polarized by PLN significantly enhance the migration and osteogenic differentiation of Bone marrow stromal cells. Notably, results suggest that the topographical cues presented by PLN can modulate macrophage polarization by activating YAP, which reciprocally inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway. The in vivo results indicate that PLN can inhibit inflammatory bone loss and facilitate bone regeneration in periodontitis. The authors' findings suggest that topographical nanofibers with periodic lamellae is a promising strategy for modulating immune environment to treat inflammatory bone loss in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zi-Li Zheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Cheng Lv
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hang-Hang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jia-Zhuang Xu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Ming Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - En Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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9
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Peng S, Fu H, Li R, Li H, Wang S, Li B, Sun J. A new direction in periodontitis treatment: biomaterial-mediated macrophage immunotherapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:359. [PMID: 38907216 PMCID: PMC11193307 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02592-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation caused by a bacterial infection and is intimately associated with an overactive immune response. Biomaterials are being utilized more frequently in periodontal therapy due to their designability and unique drug delivery system. However, local and systemic immune response reactions driven by the implantation of biomaterials could result in inflammation, tissue damage, and fibrosis, which could end up with the failure of the implantation. Therefore, immunological adjustment of biomaterials through precise design can reduce the host reaction while eliminating the periodontal tissue's long-term chronic inflammation response. It is important to note that macrophages are an active immune system component that can participate in the progression of periodontal disease through intricate polarization mechanisms. And modulating macrophage polarization by designing biomaterials has emerged as a new periodontal therapy technique. In this review, we discuss the role of macrophages in periodontitis and typical strategies for polarizing macrophages with biomaterials. Subsequently, we discuss the challenges and potential opportunities of using biomaterials to manipulate periodontal macrophages to facilitate periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Peng
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences at Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
| | - Haojie Fu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences at Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
| | - Hui Li
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Shuyuan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences at Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
| | - Bingyan Li
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences at Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 45000, China.
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10
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Yamamoto Y, Yamaguchi T, Egashira K, Saiki S, Kimura M, Chikazawa T, Yamamoto Y, Kurita K. Dipotassium glycyrrhizate and hinokitiol enhance macrophage efferocytosis by regulating recognition, uptake, and metabolism of apoptotic cells in vitro. J Periodontal Res 2024; 59:542-551. [PMID: 38146226 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Efferocytosis is a process whereby macrophages remove apoptotic cells, such as neutrophils, that have accumulated in tissues, which is required for resolution of inflammation. Efferocytosis is impaired in individuals with increasing age and in those with various systemic diseases. Recently, efferocytosis has been reported to be related to the pathogenesis and progression of periodontitis, and enhancement of efferocytosis, especially in the subjects with impaired efferocytosis, was suggested to lead to periodontitis prevention and care. Various anti-inflammatory ingredients are used in oral care products, but their effect on efferocytosis is unclear. Here, we aimed to identify ingredients contained in oral care products that are effective for efferocytosis regulation. METHODS The ability of dead cells to induce inflammation in human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells were evaluated by measuring IL-6 secretion. Six ingredients in oral care products used as anti-inflammatory agents were evaluated for their effect on efferocytosis using flow cytometry. The expression of various efferocytosis-related molecules, such as MERTK and LRP1 involved in recognition, and LXRα and ABCA1 that function in metabolism, were measured in RAW264.7 cells with or without ingredient treatment. Rac1 activity, which is related to the uptake of dead cells, was measured using the G-LISA kit. RESULTS Dead cells elicited IL-6 secretion in HGF cells. Among the six ingredients, GK2 and hinokitiol enhanced efferocytosis activity. GK2 and hinokitiol significantly increased the expression of MERTK and LRP1, and also enhanced LXRα and ABCA1 expression after efferocytosis. Furthermore, they increased Rac1 activity in the presence of dead cells. CONCLUSION Among the six ingredients tested, GK2 and hinokitiol promoted efferocytosis by regulating apoptotic cell recognition, uptake, and metabolism-related molecules. Efferocytosis upregulation may be one of the mechanisms of GK2 and hinokitiol in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, such as periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yamamoto
- R&D Headquarters, LION Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Shuhei Saiki
- R&D Headquarters, LION Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Kei Kurita
- R&D Headquarters, LION Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Liu X, Li H. Global trends in research on aging associated with periodontitis from 2002 to 2023: a bibliometric analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1374027. [PMID: 38800469 PMCID: PMC11116588 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1374027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Aging has been implicated in many chronic inflammatory diseases, including periodontitis. Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by long-term irritation of the periodontal tissues by the plaque biofilm on the surface of the teeth. However, only a few bibliometric analyses have systematically studied this field to date. This work sought to visualize research hot spots and trends in aging associated with periodontitis from 2002 to 2023 through bibliometric approaches. Methods Graphpad prism v8.0.2 was used to analyse and plot annual papers, national publication trends and national publication heat maps. In addition, CtieSpace (6.1.6R (64-bit) Advanced Edition) and VOSviewer (version 1.6.18) were used to analyse these data and visualize the scientific knowledge graph. Results The number of documents related to aging associated with periodontitis has steadily increased over 21 years. With six of the top ten institutions in terms of publications coming from the US, the US is a major driver of research in this area. journal of periodontology is the most published journal in the field. Tonetti MS is the most prolific authors and co-cited authors in the field. Journal of Periodontology and Journal of Clinical Periodontology are the most popular journals in the field with the largest literature. Periodontitis, Alzheimer's disease, and peri-implantitis are current hot topics and trends in the field. Inflammation, biomarkers, oxidative stress cytokines are current research hotspots in this field. Conclusion Our research found that global publications regarding research on aging associated with periodontitis increased dramatically and were expected to continue increasing. Inflammation and aging, and the relationship between periodontitis and systemic diseases, are topics worthy of attention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongjiao Li
- Department of Stomatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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12
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Shen Z, Kuang S, Zhang Y, Chen J, Wang S, Xu C, Huang Y, Zhang M, Huang S, Wang J, Zhao C, Lin Z, Shi X, Cheng B. Restoring periodontal tissue homoeostasis prevents cognitive decline by reducing the number of Serpina3n high astrocytes in the hippocampus. Innovation (N Y) 2024; 5:100547. [PMID: 38170012 PMCID: PMC10758991 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline has been linked to periodontitis through an undetermined pathophysiological mechanism. This study aimed to explore the mechanism underlying periodontitis-related cognitive decline and identify therapeutic strategies for this condition. Using single-nucleus RNA sequencing we found that changes in astrocyte number, gene expression, and cell‒cell communication were associated with cognitive decline in mice with periodontitis. In addition, activation of the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome was observed to decrease the phagocytic capability of macrophages and reprogram macrophages to a more proinflammatory state in the gingiva, thus aggravating periodontitis. To further investigate this finding, lipid-based nanoparticles carrying NLRP3 siRNA (NPsiNLRP3) were used to inhibit overactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in gingival macrophages, restoring the oral microbiome and reducing periodontal inflammation. Furthermore, gingival injection of NPsiNLRP3 reduced the number of Serpina3nhigh astrocytes in the hippocampus and prevented cognitive decline. This study provides a functional basis for the mechanism by which the destruction of periodontal tissues can worsen cognitive decline and identifies nanoparticle-mediated restoration of gingival macrophage function as a novel treatment for periodontitis-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongshan Shen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Shuhong Kuang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jiayao Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Shuting Wang
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Congfei Xu
- School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yunjia Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Min Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shuheng Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - ChuanJiang Zhao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhengmei Lin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xuetao Shi
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
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13
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Xiang X, Xin X, Hou Y, Deng Y, Liu X, Yu W. Diosgenin alters LPS-induced macrophage polarization by activating PPARγ/NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111270. [PMID: 38029551 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Diosgenin (DG) is a steroidal saponin derived from plants, and it exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we employed an in vitro model of P.g.-LPS-stimulated mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of DG under the condition of altered polarization of macrophages. The RAW264.7 cells were subjected to pre-treatment with DG with or without P.g.-LPS. In cultured macrophages, DG inhibited P.g.-LPS-induced pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages, and increased anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Notably, DG reduced the expression of phosphorylation levels of NF-κB p65 and IκB while increasing the expression of PPARγ. Further studies revealed that PPARγ inhibitor GW9662 or PPARγ siRNA reversed the inhibitory effect of DG on M1 phenotype. Collectively, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of DG is related to altering macrophage polarization by activating PPARγ and inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Xiang
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xirui Xin
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yubo Hou
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinchan Liu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Weixian Yu
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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14
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Serwin K, Kozak M, Mazurek-Mochol M, Piotrowska K, Czerewaty M, Pawlik A. Human macrophage immunometabolism regulator (MACIR) in patients with periodontitis. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152760. [PMID: 37976770 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periodontitis is a local inflammatory reaction caused by bacterial infection in which immune cells, including macrophages, are involved. Recent studies have shown that an important regulator of macrophage function is the human macrophage immunometabolism regulator (MACIR). This gene has been shown to play a key role in modulating the immune response by affecting the activity of fibroblasts and macrophages. In this study, we investigated the expression of MACIR in the gingival tissues of patients with periodontal disease, as well as the effect of IL-1β and TNF-α on the expression of MACIR gene and protein in human gingival fibroblasts. METHODS MACIR mRNA expression in gingival tissue samples was determined using Real-time PCR. Expression of MACIR protein was determined using immunofluorescent staining and western blotting. RESULTS The MACIR mRNA expression in gingival tissue samples in patients with periodontitis was statistically significantly lower than in gingival tissue samples from healthy controls (p = 0.009). The stimulation of human gingival fibroblasts with IL-1β and TNF-α resulted in a statistically significant decrease of MACIR gene mRNA expression. In western blotting and immunofluorescent analysis, we confirmed that the stimulation of the primary culture of human gingival fibroblasts by both IL-1β and TNF-α decreases the expression of MACIR protein. CONCLUSION The results of the study suggest that MACIR is an important regulator of the inflammatory process in patients with periodontitis. Decreased expression of the MACIR gene may activate macrophages to secrete mediators that increase inflammation and cause periodontal tissue destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Serwin
- Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Immune Deficiency, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Arkońska 4, 71-455 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kozak
- Chair and Department of Dental Prosthetics, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Mazurek-Mochol
- Department of Periodontology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Piotrowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Michał Czerewaty
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
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15
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Kim SH, Kang IC. Induction of TNF-α by Filifactor alocis in THP-1 macrophagic cells. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 155:105806. [PMID: 37729700 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Filifactor alocis is an emerging periodontal pathogen, and macrophage-produced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays important roles in periodontal pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated F. alocis-stimulated TNF-α production in THP-1 macrophagic cells. DESIGN Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-differentiated THP-1 macrophagic cells were challenged with F. alocis ATCC 35896 for various durations. TNF-α mRNA expression and protein secretion were determined using RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Activation of protein kinases and transcription factor proteins was evaluated by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Live F. alocis stimulated THP-1 cells to produce TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner. However, glutaraldehyde-killed or heat-killed F. alocis showed no effectiveness for TNF-α induction. In contrast, both live and killed Porphyromonas gingivalis robustly increased TNF-α expression. Furthermore, F. alocis was unable to stimulate TNF-α expression in Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) knockout THP-1 cells. F. alocis activated all three mitogen-activated protein kinases: extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Pharmacological inhibition of ERK and JNK, but not p38, significantly reduced F. alocis-induced TNF-α production. Finally, increased levels of phospho-c-Jun were detected in F. alocis-stimulated THP-1 cells. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that F. alocis induces TNF-α production in THP-1 macrophagic cells primarily by activating the TLR2, JNK, and c-Jun pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Hee Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, the Republic of Korea
| | - In-Chol Kang
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, the Republic of Korea.
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16
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Franciotti R, Pignatelli P, D’Antonio DL, Mancinelli R, Fulle S, De Rosa MA, Puca V, Piattelli A, Thomas AM, Onofrj M, Sensi SL, Curia MC. The Immune System Response to Porphyromonas gingivalis in Neurological Diseases. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2555. [PMID: 37894213 PMCID: PMC10609495 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported an association between oral microbial dysbiosis and the development and progression of pathologies in the central nervous system. Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), the keystone pathogen of the oral cavity, can induce a systemic antibody response measured in patients' sera using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The present case-control study quantified the immune system's response to Pg abundance in the oral cavities of patients affected by different central nervous system pathologies. The study cohort included 87 participants: 23 healthy controls (HC), 17 patients with an acute neurological condition (N-AC), 19 patients with a chronic neurological condition (N-CH), and 28 patients with neurodegenerative disease (N-DEG). The results showed that the Pg abundance in the oral cavity was higher in the N-DEG patients than in the HC (p = 0.0001) and N-AC patients (p = 0.01). In addition, the Pg abundance was higher in the N-CH patients than the HCs (p = 0.005). Only the N-CH patients had more serum anti-Pg antibodies than the HC (p = 0.012). The inadequate response of the immune system of the N-DEG group in producing anti-Pg antibodies was also clearly indicated by an analysis of the ratio between the anti-Pg antibodies quantity and the Pg abundance. Indeed, this ratio was significantly lower between the N-DEG group than all other groups (p = 0.0001, p = 0.002, and p = 0.03 for HC, N-AC, and N-CH, respectively). The immune system's response to Pg abundance in the oral cavity showed a stepwise model: the response diminished progressively from the patients affected with an acute condition to the patients suffering from chronic nervous system disorders and finally to the patients affected by neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Franciotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.M.); (S.F.); (M.A.D.R.); (A.M.T.); (M.O.); (S.L.S.)
| | - Pamela Pignatelli
- COMDINAV DUE, Nave Cavour, Italian Navy, Stazione Navale Mar Grande, Viale Jonio, 74122 Taranto, Italy;
| | - Domenica Lucia D’Antonio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.L.D.); (M.C.C.)
- Fondazione Villaserena per la Ricerca, 65013 Città Sant’Angelo, Pescara, Italy
| | - Rosa Mancinelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.M.); (S.F.); (M.A.D.R.); (A.M.T.); (M.O.); (S.L.S.)
| | - Stefania Fulle
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.M.); (S.F.); (M.A.D.R.); (A.M.T.); (M.O.); (S.L.S.)
| | - Matteo Alessandro De Rosa
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.M.); (S.F.); (M.A.D.R.); (A.M.T.); (M.O.); (S.L.S.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Puca
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- School of Dentistry, Saint Camillus International University for Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy;
- Facultad de Medicina, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Astrid Maria Thomas
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.M.); (S.F.); (M.A.D.R.); (A.M.T.); (M.O.); (S.L.S.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Onofrj
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.M.); (S.F.); (M.A.D.R.); (A.M.T.); (M.O.); (S.L.S.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefano Luca Sensi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.M.); (S.F.); (M.A.D.R.); (A.M.T.); (M.O.); (S.L.S.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Curia
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.L.D.); (M.C.C.)
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Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Cai Y, Li D, He J, Feng Z, Xu Q. NAT10 regulates the LPS-induced inflammatory response via the NOX2-ROS-NF-κB pathway in macrophages. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119521. [PMID: 37307924 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic osteolytic inflammatory disease resulting from complex dynamic interactions among bacterial pathogens and the host immune response. Macrophages play a vital role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis by triggering periodontal inflammation and inducing periodontium destruction. N-Acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) is an acetyltransferase that has been shown to catalyse N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) mRNA modification and is related to cellular pathophysiological processes, including the inflammatory immune response. Nevertheless, whether NAT10 regulates the inflammatory response of macrophages in periodontitis remains unclear. In this study, the expression of NAT10 in macrophages was found to decrease during LPS-induced inflammation. NAT10 knockdown significantly reduced the generation of inflammatory factors, while NAT10 overexpression had the opposite effect. RNA sequencing revealed that the differentially expressed genes were enriched in the NF-κB signalling pathway and oxidative stress. Both the NF-κB inhibitor Bay11-7082 and the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) could reverse the upregulation of inflammatory factors. NAC inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB, but Bay11-7082 had no effect on the production of ROS in NAT10-overexpressing cells, suggesting that NAT10 activated the LPS-induced NF-κB signalling pathway by regulating ROS generation. Furthermore, the expression and stability of Nox2 was promoted after NAT10 overexpression, indicating that Nox2 may be a potential target of NAT10. In vivo, the NAT10 inhibitor Remodelin reduced macrophage infiltration and bone resorption in ligature-induced periodontitis mice. In summary, these results showed that NAT10 accelerated LPS-induced inflammation via the NOX2-ROS-NF-κB pathway in macrophages and that its inhibitor Remodelin might be of potential therapeutic significance in periodontitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanqi Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Yongjie Cai
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Di Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Jinlin He
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Zhihui Feng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China.
| | - Qiong Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China.
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18
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He H, Long M, Duan Y, Gu N. Prussian blue nanozymes: progress, challenges, and opportunities. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:12818-12839. [PMID: 37496423 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01741a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Prussian Blue Nanozymes (PBNZs) have emerged as highly efficient agents for reactive oxygen species (ROS) elimination, owing to their multiple enzyme-like properties encompassing catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. As a functional nanomaterial mimicking enzyme, PBNZs not only surmount the limitations of natural enzymes, such as instability and high manufacturing costs, but also exhibit superior stability, tunable activity, low storage expenses, and remarkable reusability. Consequently, PBNZs have gained significant attention in diverse biomedical applications, including disease diagnosis and therapy. Over the past decade, propelled by advancements in catalysis science, biotechnology, computational science, and nanotechnology, PBNZs have witnessed remarkable progress in the exploration of their enzymatic activities, elucidation of catalytic mechanisms, and wide-ranging applications. This comprehensive review aims to provide a systematic overview of the discovery and catalytic mechanisms of PBNZ, along with the strategies employed to modulate their multiple enzyme-like activities. Furthermore, we extensively survey the recent advancements in utilizing PBNZs for scavenging ROS in various biomedical applications. Lastly, we analyze the existing challenges of translating PBNZs into therapeutic agents for clinical use and outline future research directions in this field. By presenting a comprehensive synopsis of the current state of knowledge, this review seeks to contribute to a deeper understanding of the immense potential of PBNZs as an innovative therapeutic agent in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang He
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Long
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Gu
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China.
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DU Y, Liu X, Xiao C, Li J, Sheng Z, Wang Y, Wang R, Yu X. TIPE2 regulates periodontal inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB p65 phosphorylation. J Appl Oral Sci 2023; 31:e20230162. [PMID: 37493703 PMCID: PMC10382077 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2023-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The roles and molecular mechanisms of tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8-like 2 (TIPE2) in periodontitis remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the expression of TIPE2 and NF-κB p65 in rat Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced periodontics in vivo. METHODOLOGY Periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone resorption were analyzed using western blotting, micro-computed tomography, TRAP staining, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. THP-1 monocytes were stimulated using 1 μg/ml Pg. lipopolysaccharide (Pg.LPS) to determine the expression of TIPE2 in vitro. TIPE2 mRNA was suppressed by siRNA transfection, and the transfection efficiency was proven using western blotting and real-time PCR. The NF-κB pathway was activated by treating the cells with 1 μg/ml Pg.LPS to explore related mechanisms. RESULTS The expression of both TIPE2 and NF-κB p65 was increased in the gingival tissues of rat periodontitis compared with normal tissues. Positive expression of TIPE2 was distributed in inflammatory infiltrating cells and osteoclasts in the marginal lacunae of the alveolar bone. However, strong positive expression of TIPE2 in THP-1 was downregulated after Pg.LPS stimulation. TIPE2 levels negatively correlated with TNF-α and IL-1β. Decreased TIPE2 in THP-1 further promoted NF-κB p65 phosphorylation. Mechanistically, TIPE2 knockdown upregulated NF-κB signaling pathway activity. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings demonstrate that TIPE2 knockdown aggravates periodontal inflammatory infiltration via NF-κB pathway. Interventions aimed at increasing TIPE2 may help in the therapeutic applications for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei DU
- Jinan Stamotological Hospital, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Jinan Stamotological Hospital, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Province, China
| | - Changjie Xiao
- Jinan Stamotological Hospital, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jianbin Li
- Jinan Stamotological Hospital, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Province, China
- Binzhou Medical College, School of Stomatology, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenxian Sheng
- Jinan Stamotological Hospital, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Province, China
- Binzhou Medical College, School of Stomatology, Shandong, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Jinan Stamotological Hospital, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Province, China
- Binzhou Medical College, School of Stomatology, Shandong, China
| | - Ronglin Wang
- Jinan Stamotological Hospital, Department of Prosthodontics, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xijiao Yu
- Jinan Stamotological Hospital, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Central Laboratory, Department of Endodontics, Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Province, China
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20
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Wang Y, Lin H, Huang W, Liu Z, Chen Z, Zhao X, Ding T, Qin W, Shen Y. Curcumin Attenuates Periodontal Injury via Inhibiting Ferroptosis of Ligature-Induced Periodontitis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9835. [PMID: 37372983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease characterized by the destruction of connective tissue and alveolar bone that eventually leads to tooth loss. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent regulated cell death and is involved in ligature-induced periodontitis in vivo. Studies have demonstrated that curcumin has a potential therapeutic effect on periodontitis, but the mechanism is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of curcumin on alleviating ferroptosis in periodontitis. Ligature-induced periodontal-diseased mice were used to detect the protective effect of curcumin. The level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total glutathione (GSH) in gingiva and alveolar bone were assayed. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of acsl4, slc7a11, gpx4 and tfr1 were measured using qPCR and the protein expression of ACSL4, SLC7A11, GPX4 and TfR1 were investigated by Western blot and immunocytochemistry (IHC). Curcumin reduced the level of MDA and increased the level of GSH. Additionally, curcumin was proven to significantly increase the expression levels of SLC7A11 and GPX4 and inhibit the expression of ACSL4 and TfR1. In conclusion, curcumin plays a protective role by inhibiting ferroptosis in ligature-induced periodontal-diseased mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Wang
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hongbing Lin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wenxin Huang
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Zixian Liu
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Xuetao Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Tong Ding
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wenguang Qin
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Yuqin Shen
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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Li Y, Lu Z, Kirkwood CL, Kirkwood KL, Wank SA, Li AJ, Lopes-Virella MF, Huang Y. GPR40 deficiency worsens metabolic syndrome-associated periodontitis in mice. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:575-587. [PMID: 36807310 PMCID: PMC10182248 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) is a receptor for medium- and long-chain free fatty acids (FFAs). GPR40 activation improves type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome (MetS), and the complications of T2DM and MetS. Periodontitis, a common oral inflammatory disease initiated by periodontal pathogens, is another complication of T2DM and MetS. Since FFAs play a key role in the pathogenesis of MetS which exacerbates periodontal inflammation and GPR40 is a FFA receptor with anti-inflammatory properties, it is important to define the role of GPR40 in MetS-associated periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We induced MetS and periodontitis by high-fat diet and periodontal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), respectively, in wild-type and GPR40-deficient mice and determined alveolar bone loss and periodontal inflammation using micro-computed tomography, histology, and osteoclast staining. We also performed in vitro study to determine the role of GPR40 in the expression of proinflammatory genes. RESULTS The primary outcome of the study is that GPR40 deficiency increased alveolar bone loss and enhanced osteoclastogenesis in control mice and the mice with both MetS and periodontitis. GPR40 deficiency also augmented periodontal inflammation in control mice and the mice with both MetS and periodontitis. Furthermore, GPR40 deficiency led to increased plasma lipids and insulin resistance in control mice but had no effect on the metabolic parameters in mice with MetS alone. For mice with both MetS and periodontitis, GPR40 deficiency increased insulin resistance. Finally, in vitro studies with macrophages showed that deficiency or inhibition of GPR40 upregulated proinflammatory genes while activation of GPR40 downregulated proinflammatory gene expression stimulated synergistically by LPS and palmitic acid. CONCLUSION GPR40 deficiency worsens alveolar bone loss and periodontal inflammation in mice with both periodontitis and MetS, suggesting that GPR40 plays a favorable role in MetS-associated periodontitis. Furthermore, GPR40 deficiency or inhibition in macrophages further upregulated proinflammatory and pro-osteoclastogenic genes induced by LPS and palmitic acid, suggesting that GPR40 has anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoclastogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Zhongyang Lu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Cameron L. Kirkwood
- Departments of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo
| | - Keith L. Kirkwood
- Departments of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo
- Department of Head & Neck/Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Stephen A. Wank
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ai-Jun Li
- Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Maria F. Lopes-Virella
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Yan Huang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
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Shi Y, Zhang R, Da N, Wang Y, Yang J, Li B, He X. Aspirin loaded extracellular vesicles inhibit inflammation of macrophages via switching metabolic phenotype in periodontitis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 667:25-33. [PMID: 37207561 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Changes of macrophage in the local immune microenvironment of periodontitis cause alveolar bone resorption. This study aims to investigate the effect of a new drug delivery method of aspirin on the immune microenvironment of periodontitis to promote alveolar bone repair, and to explore mechanism of aspirin's effect on macrophage. METHODS We isolated extracellular vesicles (EVs) from periodontal stem cells (PDLSCs) and loaded with aspirin by sonication, and then evaluated the treatment efficacy of aspirin-loaded vesicles (EVs-ASP) in periodontitis model in mice. In vitro, we explored the role of EVs-ASP in the regulation of LPS-induced macrophages. The underlying mechanism by which EVs-ASP regulates phenotypic remodeling of macrophages in periodontitis was further investigated. RESULTS EVs-ASP inhibited the inflammatory environment of LPS-induced macrophage, and promoted anti-inflammatory macrophages formation both in vivo and in vitro, and reduced bone loss in periodontitis models. Moreover, EVs-ASP enhanced oxidative phosphorylation and suppressed glycolysis in macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Consequently, EVs-ASP improves the periodontal immune microenvironment by enhancing oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in macrophages, resulting in a certain degree of regeneration of alveolar bone height. Our study provides a new potential strategy for bone repair in periodontitis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Shi
- The College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ningning Da
- The College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xiaoning He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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23
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Butrungrod W, Chaiyasut C, Makhamrueang N, Peerajan S, Chaiyana W, Sirilun S. Postbiotic Metabolite of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PD18 against Periodontal Pathogens and Their Virulence Markers in Biofilm Formation. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051419. [PMID: 37242661 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative methods to reduce infectious diseases caused by bacterial pathogens and their virulence factors, biofilm formations, have arisen to reduce the pressure on existing or currently developed disinfectants and antimicrobial agents. The current strategies for reducing the severity of periodontal pathogen-caused disease by using beneficial bacteria and their metabolites are highly desirable. Probiotic strains of lactobacilli related to foods from Thai-fermented foods were selected and their postbiotic metabolites (PM) were isolated with inhibitory activity on periodontal pathogens and their biofilm formation. The PM from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PD18 (PD18 PM) with the highest antagonistic effect against Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Prevotella loescheii was selected from 139 Lactobacillus isolates. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) values of PD18 PM against the pathogens ranged from 1:2 to 1:4. The PD18 PM demonstrated the ability to prevent the biofilm formation of S. mutans and P. gingivalis by showing a significant reduction in viable cells, high percentages of biofilm inhibition at 92.95 and 89.68%, and the highest effective contact times at 5 and 0.5 min, respectively. L. plantarum PD18 PM showed potential as a promising natural adjunctive agent to inhibit periodontal pathogens and their biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Widawal Butrungrod
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Netnapa Makhamrueang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Wantida Chaiyana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sasithorn Sirilun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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24
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Lu Z, Li Y, Chowdhury N, Yu H, Syn WK, Lopes-Virella M, Yilmaz Ö, Huang Y. The Presence of Periodontitis Exacerbates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Sphingolipid Metabolism-Associated Insulin Resistance and Hepatic Inflammation in Mice with Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8322. [PMID: 37176029 PMCID: PMC10179436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have shown that periodontitis is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, it remains unclear if periodontitis contributes to the progression of NAFLD. In this study, we generated a mouse model with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic syndrome (MetS) and NAFLD and oral P. gingivalis inoculation-induced periodontitis. Results showed that the presence of periodontitis increased insulin resistance and hepatic inflammation and exacerbated the progression of NAFLD. To determine the role of sphingolipid metabolism in the association between NAFLD and periodontitis, we also treated mice with imipramine, an inhibitor of acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase), and demonstrated that imipramine treatment significantly alleviated insulin resistance and hepatic inflammation, and improved NAFLD. Studies performed in vitro showed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and palmitic acid (PA), a major saturated fatty acid associated with MetS and NAFLD, synergistically increased the production of ceramide, a bioactive sphingolipid involved in NAFLD progression in macrophages but imipramine effectively reversed the ceramide production stimulated by LPS and PA. Taken together, this study showed for the first time that the presence of periodontitis contributed to the progression of NAFLD, likely due to alterations in sphingolipid metabolism that led to exacerbated insulin resistance and hepatic inflammation. This study also showed that targeting ASMase with imipramine improves NAFLD by reducing insulin resistance and hepatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Lu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Yanchun Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Nityananda Chowdhury
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, The James B. Edwards College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, The James B. Edwards College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MI 63110, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Universidad del Pa S Vasco/Euskal Herriko Univertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Maria Lopes-Virella
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| | - Özlem Yilmaz
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, The James B. Edwards College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Yan Huang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
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Wei X, Guo S, Liu Q, Liu L, Huo F, Wu Y, Tian W. Dental Follicle Stem Cells Promote Periodontal Regeneration through Periostin-Mediated Macrophage Infiltration and Reprogramming in an Inflammatory Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076353. [PMID: 37047322 PMCID: PMC10094259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) have been verified to promote periodontal regeneration in an inflammatory microenvironment. When coping with inflammatory stimulation, DFSCs highly express periostin, a bioactive molecule closely related to periodontal homeostasis. It is worth exploring whether and how periostin plays a role in the promotion of periodontal regeneration by DFSCs. By tracking the fate of DFSCs, it was found that DFSCs significantly contributed to periodontal regeneration in rat periodontal defects while they had a low survival rate. They highly expressed periostin and improved the immune microenvironment in the defect area, especially via the recruitment and reprogramming of macrophages. Silencing periostin attenuated the effects of DFSCs in promoting periodontal regeneration and regulating macrophages. Recombinant human periostin (rhPeriostin) could not only directly promote macrophage reprogramming through the integrin αM/phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-Erk)/Erk signaling pathway, but it also exhibited the potential to promote periodontal regeneration in rats when loaded in a collagen matrix. These results indicated that periostin is actively involved in the process by which DFSCs promote periodontal regeneration through the regulation of macrophages and is a promising molecular agent to promote periodontal regeneration. This study provides new insight into the mechanism by which DFSCs promote periodontal regeneration and suggests a new approach for periodontal regeneration therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shujuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fangjun Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yafei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (W.T.)
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (W.T.)
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26
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Regulation of the Host Immune Microenvironment in Periodontitis and Periodontal Bone Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043158. [PMID: 36834569 PMCID: PMC9967675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The periodontal immune microenvironment is a delicate regulatory system that involves a variety of host immune cells including neutrophils, macrophages, T cells, dendritic cells and mesenchymal stem cells. The dysfunction or overactivation of any kind of local cells, and eventually the imbalance of the entire molecular regulatory network, leads to periodontal inflammation and tissue destruction. In this review, the basic characteristics of various host cells in the periodontal immune microenvironment and the regulatory network mechanism of host cells involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and periodontal bone remodeling are summarized, with emphasis on the immune regulatory network that regulates the periodontal microenvironment and maintains a dynamic balance. Future strategies for the clinical treatment of periodontitis and periodontal tissue regeneration need to develop new targeted synergistic drugs and/or novel technologies to clarify the regulatory mechanism of the local microenvironment. This review aims to provide clues and a theoretical basis for future research in this field.
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Sema3A Drives Alternative Macrophage Activation in the Resolution of Periodontitis via PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling. Inflammation 2023; 46:876-891. [PMID: 36598593 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01777-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages actively participate in immunomodulatory processes throughout periodontal inflammation. Regulation of M1/M2 polarization affects macrophage chemokine and cytokine secretion, resulting in a distinct immunological status that influences prognosis. Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A), a neurite growth factor, exerts anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated the immunomodulation of Sema3A on macrophage-related immune responses in vivo and in vitro. Topical medications of Sema3A in mice with periodontitis alleviated inflammatory cell infiltration into gingival tissue and reduced areas with positive IL-6 and TNFα expression. We observed that the positive area with the M2 macrophage marker CD206 increased and that of the M1 macrophage marker iNOS decreased in Sema3A-treated mice. It has been postulated that Sema3A alleviates periodontitis by regulating alternative macrophage activation. To understand the mechanism underlying Sema3A modulation of macrophage polarization, an in vitro macrophage research model was established with RAW264.7 cells, and we demonstrated that Sema3A promotes LPS/IFNγ-induced M1 macrophages to polarize into M2 macrophages and activates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. Inhibition of the PI3K signaling pathway activation might reduce anti-inflammatory activity and boost the expression of the inflammatory cytokines, iNOS, IL-12, TNFα, and IL-6. This study indicated that Sema3A might be a feasible drug to regulate alternative macrophage activation in the inflammatory response and thus alleviate periodontitis.
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Platelet factor 4 (CXCL4/PF4) upregulates matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in gingival fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18636. [PMID: 36329090 PMCID: PMC9633774 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19850-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the release of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) from resident connective tissue cells in tooth-supporting tissues (periodontium). Platelet activation, and the attendant release of pro-inflammatory chemokines such as platelet factor 4 (CXCL4/PF4), are associated with periodontitis although the associated biochemical pathways remain undefined. Here we report that recombinant PF4 is internalized by cultured human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs), resulting in significant (p < 0.05) upregulation in both the production and release of MMP-2 (gelatinase A). This finding was corroborated by elevated circulating levels of MMP-2 (p < 0.05) in PF4-overexpressing transgenic mice, relative to controls. We also determined that PF4 induces the phosphorylation of NF-κB; notably, the suppression of NF-κB signaling by the inhibitor BAY 11-7082 abrogated PF4-induced MMP-2 upregulation. Moreover, the inhibition of surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) blocked both PF4 binding and NF-κB phosphorylation. Partial blockade of PF4 binding to the cells was achieved by treatment with either chondroitinase ABC or heparinase III, suggesting that both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate mediate PF4 signaling. These results identify a novel pathway in which PF4 upregulates MMP-2 release from fibroblasts in an NF-κB- and GAG-dependent manner, and further our comprehension of the role of platelet signaling in periodontal tissue homeostasis.
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Liu J, Dan R, Zhou X, Xiang J, Wang J, Liu J. Immune senescence and periodontitis: From mechanism to therapy. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:1025-1040. [PMID: 36218054 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr0822-645rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent infectious inflammatory diseases, characterized by irreversible destruction of the supporting tissues of teeth, which is correlated with a greater risk of multiple systemic diseases, thus regarded as a major health concern. Dysregulation between periodontal microbial community and host immunity is considered to be the leading cause of periodontitis. Comprehensive studies have unveiled the double-edged role of immune response in the development of periodontitis. Immune senescence, which is described as age-related alterations in immune system, including a diminished immune response to endogenous and exogenous stimuli, a decline in the efficiency of immune protection, and even failure in immunity build-up after vaccination, leads to the increased susceptibility to infection. Recently, the intimate relationship between immune senescence and periodontitis has come into focus, especially in the aging population. In this review, both periodontal immunity and immune senescence will be fully introduced, especially their roles in the pathology and progression of periodontitis. Furthermore, novel immunotherapies targeting immune senescence are presented to provide potential targets for research and clinical intervention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- Laboratory for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruichen Dan
- Laboratory for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueman Zhou
- Laboratory for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Laboratory for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Zhu R, Zhang Z, Lu B, Zhang P, Liu W, Liang X. Unloading of occlusal force aggravates alveolar bone loss in periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:1070-1082. [PMID: 35973065 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Periodontitis (PD), a chronic infectious inflammatory disease initiated by bacteria, is associated with several local contributing factors including occlusal trauma. Previous studies have found that the traumatic occlusal force could aggravate alveolar bone loss during PD. However, the effect of reduced occlusal force during PD remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the effect of occlusal force unloading on PD onset and progression and its underlying mechanism as an effort to provide restoration suggestions for PD patients with dentition defect in clinic. This study might also propose occlusal force unloading could be a new local contributing factor for PD. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 mice were used to establish a PD model by the ligation of 5-0 silk around the mandibular left first molar (PD group) and an unloading experiment model by the extraction of their left maxillary first molar (EX group). The THP-1-derived macrophages were used to verify in vivo results. RESULTS Micro-CT scanning and H&E staining results consistently showed that PD + EX group experienced the most severe alveolar bone resorption as compared to PD group and control group. Further RNA-sequencing analysis suggested that occlusal force unloading significantly enhanced osteoclastic resorption, inhibited osteoblastic activity, and promotes M1 and M2 macrophages polarization. Immunofluorescence staining (IF) results showed that compared with the PD group, PD + EX group significantly increased the ratio of M1/M2 polarization. Similar results were observed by RT-qPCR and IF in vitro: removal of compressive force led to an increased ratio of M1/M2 polarization in LPS-stimulated THP-1-derived macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that occlusal force unloading aggravates bone resorption by increasing the ratio of M1/M2 macrophages polarization during PD, suggesting a previously unknown local contributing factor for PD, and providing a novel insight for dentists to restore missing teeth as an effort to maintain remaining dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Boyao Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiqing Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing Liang
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Ezhilarasan D, Varghese SS. Porphyromonas gingivalis and dental stem cells crosstalk amplify inflammation and bone loss in the periodontitis niche. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3768-3777. [PMID: 35926111 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is the sixth most prevalent disease, and almost 3.5 billion people are affected globally by dental caries and periodontal diseases. The microbial shift from a symbiotic microbiota to a dysbiotic microbiota in the oral cavity generally initiates periodontal disease. Pathogens in the periodontal microenvironment interact with stem cells to modulate their regenerative potential. Therefore, this review focuses on the interaction between microbes and stem cells in periodontitis conditions. Microbes direct dental stem cells to secrete a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which increase the inflammatory burden in the damaged periodontal tissue, which further aggravates periodontitis. Microbial interaction also decreases the osteogenic differentiation potential of dental stem cells by downregulating alkaline phosphatase, runt-related transcription factor 2, type 1 collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and so on. Microbe and stem cell interaction amplifies pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling in the periodontitis niche, decreasing the osteogenic commitment of dental stem cells. A clear understanding of microbial stem cell interactions is crucial in designing regenerative therapies using stem cells in the management of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Medicine and Toxicology Lab, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sheeja S Varghese
- Department of Periodontology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Liu J, Liu H, Jia Y, Tan Z, Hou R, Lu J, Luo D, Fu X, Wang L, Wang X. Glucose-sensitive delivery of tannic acid by a photo-crosslinked chitosan hydrogel film for antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapy. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2022; 33:1644-1663. [PMID: 35446748 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2022.2068948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A glucose-sensitive antibacterial and anti-inflammatory hydrogel film with controlled release of tannic acid (TA) was synthesized using chitosan (CS). Specifically, the photo-crosslinked CS hydrogel was first obtained and then immersed in TA solution to generate composite hydrogel film with enhanced mechanical properties. Subsequently, N-hydroxysuccinimide/1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide based coupling chemistry was used to covalently crosslink glucose oxidase (GOx) to CS to obtain glucose sensitivity. The physicochemical properties, including chemical composition, enzyme-related characteristics, glucose responsiveness, and mechanical strength, were thoroughly investigated, followed by the cytotoxicity, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory tests. The results showed that the GOx immobilized on the film surface by covalent bonding gave better stability than those that were physically adsorbed. In addition, it could quickly and correspondingly modify its inner pore structure in response to the glucose stimulus and then control the loaded TA release. Meanwhile, the TA addition could enhance the film's mechanical properties. The composite hydrogel film demonstrated adequate biocompatibility and can inhibit NO, IL-6, and TNF-α production in stimulated macrophages, as well as Porphyromonas gingivalis growth, demonstrating effective antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yongliang Jia
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ziwei Tan
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruxia Hou
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Lu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dongmei Luo
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xinyu Fu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
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Chen G, Sun Q, Cai Q, Zhou H. Outer Membrane Vesicles From Fusobacterium nucleatum Switch M0-Like Macrophages Toward the M1 Phenotype to Destroy Periodontal Tissues in Mice. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:815638. [PMID: 35391731 PMCID: PMC8981991 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.815638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory oral disease that affects nearly 50% of all adults. Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is known to be involved in the formation and development of periodontitis. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) harboring toxic bacterial components are continuously released during F. nucleatum growth and regulate the extent of the inflammatory response by controlling the functions of immune and non-immune cells in tissues. Macrophages are important immune cells in periodontal tissue that resist pathogen invasion and play an important role in the pathophysiological process of periodontitis. However, the role of the interaction between F. nucleatum OMVs and macrophages in the occurrence and development of periodontitis has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of F. nucleatum OMVs on the polarization of macrophages and the roles of this specific polarization and F. nucleatum OMVs in the pathophysiology of periodontitis. The periodontitis model was established by inducing ligation in C57BL/6 mice as previously described. Micro-CT, RT-qPCR, hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and tartrate acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining assays were performed to analyze the periodontal tissue, alveolar bone loss, number of osteoclasts and expression of inflammatory factors in gingival tissue. The changes in the state and cytokine secretion of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) stimulated by F. nucleatum OMVs were observed in vivo by confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, Western blot and ELISA. Mouse gingival fibroblasts (MGFs) were isolated and then cocultured with macrophages. The effects of F. nucleatum OMVs on the proliferation and apoptosis of MGFs were analyzed by flow cytometry and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. The periodontitis symptoms of mice in the F. nucleatum OMVs + ligation group were more serious than those of mice in the simple ligation group, with more osteoclasts and more inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) being observed in their gingival tissues. M0 macrophages transformed into M1 macrophages after the stimulation of BMDMs with F. nucleatum OMVs, and the M1 macrophages then released more inflammatory cytokines. Analysis of the coculture model showed that the MGF apoptosis and LDH release in the inflammatory environment were increased by F. nucleatum OMV treatment. In conclusion, F. nucleatum OMVs were shown to aggravate periodontitis, alveolar bone loss and the number of osteoclasts in an animal model of periodontitis. F. nucleatum OMVs promoted the polarization of macrophages toward the proinflammatory M1 phenotype, and the inflammatory environment further aggravated the toxicity of F. nucleatum OMVs on MGFs. These results suggest that M1 macrophages and F. nucleatum OMVs play roles in the occurrence and development of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan), Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - QiaoLing Cai
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - HongWei Zhou
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Vaillancourt K, Ben Lagha A, Grenier D. A Phenolic-rich Extract of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Beans Impairs the Pathogenic Properties of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Attenuates the Activation of Nuclear Factor Kappa B in a Monocyte Model. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:867793. [PMID: 35392377 PMCID: PMC8980215 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.867793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, an inflammatory disease that affects tooth-supporting tissues, is the result of a polymicrobial infection involving mainly Gram negative anaerobic bacteria. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a phenolic-rich extract of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) beans on the pathogenic properties of Porphyromonas gingivalis, which is well-known as a keystone pathogen in the development of periodontitis. The effect of the cocoa extract on P. gingivalis-induced activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) transcription factor in a monocyte model was also assessed. The cocoa extract, whose major phenolic compound was epicatechin, inhibited the growth, hemolytic activity, proteolytic activities, and adherence properties (basement membrane matrix, erythrocytes) of P. gingivalis in a dose-dependent manner. It also protected the barrier function of a keratinocyte model against the deleterious effects mediated by P. gingivalis, and attenuated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by oral keratinocytes treated with P. gingivalis. Lastly, the cocoa extract showed an anti-inflammatory property by preventing P. gingivalis-induced NF-κB activation in monocytes. In conclusion, this in vitro study highlighted the potential value of an epicatechin-rich extract of cocoa beans for preventing and/or treating periodontal diseases.
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Maquera-Huacho PM, Spolidorio DP, Manthey JA, Grenier D. Eriodictyol Suppresses Porphyromonas gingivalis-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Production by Gingival Keratinocytes and the Inflammatory Response of Macrophages. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:847914. [PMID: 35295880 PMCID: PMC8918503 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.847914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a key pathogen of periodontitis, an inflammatory disease that affects the tooth-supporting tissues. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the flavanone eriodictyol on P. gingivalis-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by gingival keratinocytes and the inflammatory response of macrophages. Porphyromonas gingivalis and H2O2 acted synergistically to induce ROS production by keratinocytes. The presence of eriodictyol significantly attenuated ROS production in a dose-dependent manner. We used a macrophage model to show that eriodictyol decreases the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α induced by P. gingivalis. Evidence has been brought that this anti-inflammatory property of eriodictyol may be related to its ability to prevent the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway by P. gingivalis. This periodontal pathogen was also found to be a potent inducer of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) production by macrophages, including MMP-2, MMP-8, and MMP-9. Eriodictyol dose-dependently inhibited the production of all three MMPs. Lastly, eriodictyol inhibited the catalytic activity of both MMP-9 and P. gingivalis collagenase. In conclusion, eriodictyol may be a potential therapeutic agent for preventing and/or treating periodontal disease due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proteinase properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Milagros Maquera-Huacho
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Denise Palomari Spolidorio
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - John A. Manthey
- U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Daniel Grenier
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Ou Y, Yan M, Gao G, Wang W, Lu Q, Chen J. Cinnamaldehyde protect against ligature-induced periodontitis through inhibitions of microbial accumulation and inflammatory responses of host immune cells. Food Funct 2022; 13:8091-8106. [PMID: 35792680 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00963c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde (CA), the main active ingredient of cinnamon, is proved to be a potential candidate of controlling inflammation, but few evidences are demonstrated on its role in periodontitis. The aim...
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Ou
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, PR China.
| | - Mingdong Yan
- Institute of Stomatology & Research Center of Dental and Craniofacial Implants, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, PR China
| | - Guanglin Gao
- Institute of Stomatology & Research Center of Dental and Craniofacial Implants, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, PR China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Institute of Stomatology & Research Center of Dental and Craniofacial Implants, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, PR China
| | - Qiaoqiao Lu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, PR China.
| | - Jiang Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, PR China.
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Sun X, Gao J, Meng X, Lu X, Zhang L, Chen R. Polarized Macrophages in Periodontitis: Characteristics, Function, and Molecular Signaling. Front Immunol 2021; 12:763334. [PMID: 34950140 PMCID: PMC8688840 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.763334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis (PD) is a common chronic infectious disease. The local inflammatory response in the host may cause the destruction of supporting periodontal tissue. Macrophages play a variety of roles in PD, including regulatory and phagocytosis. Moreover, under the induction of different factors, macrophages polarize and form different functional phenotypes. Among them, M1-type macrophages with proinflammatory functions and M2-type macrophages with anti-inflammatory functions are the most representative, and both of them can regulate the tendency of the immune system to exert proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory functions. M1 and M2 macrophages are involved in the destructive and reparative stages of PD. Due to the complex microenvironment of PD, the dynamic development of PD, and various local mediators, increasing attention has been given to the study of macrophage polarization in PD. This review summarizes the role of macrophage polarization in the development of PD and its research progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Sun
- *Correspondence: Lei Zhang, ; Xiaoyu Sun,
| | | | | | | | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Department of Periodontology, Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Moseley R, Waddington RJ. Modification of gingival proteoglycans by reactive oxygen species: potential mechanism of proteoglycan degradation during periodontal diseases. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:970-981. [PMID: 34821180 PMCID: PMC10392033 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.2003351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and oxidative stress are increasingly being implicated in the extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation associated with chronic inflammatory conditions, such as periodontal diseases. The present study investigated the effects of ROS exposure on the proteoglycans of gingival tissues, utilizing an in vitro model system comprised of supra-physiological oxidant concentrations, to ascertain whether gingival proteoglycan modification and degradation by ROS contributed to the underlying mechanisms of ECM destruction during active gingivitis. Proteoglycans were purified from ovine gingival tissues and exposed to increasing H2O2 concentrations or a hydroxyl radical (·OH) flux for 1 h or 24 h, and ROS effects on proteoglycan core proteins and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains were assessed. ROS were capable of degrading gingival proteoglycans, with ·OH species inducing greater degradative effects than H2O2 alone. Degradative effects were particularly manifested as amino acid modification, core protein cleavage, and GAG chain depolymerization. Proteoglycan core proteins were more susceptible to degradation than GAG chains with H2O2 alone, although core proteins and GAG chains were both extensively degraded by ·OH species. Proteoglycan exposure to ·OH species for 24 h induced significant core protein amino acid modification, with decreases in glutamate, proline, isoleucine, and leucine; and concomitant increases in serine, glycine, and alanine residues. As clinical reports have previously highlighted proteoglycan core protein degradation during chronic gingivitis, whereas their sulfated GAG chains remain relatively intact, these findings potentially provide further evidence to implicate ROS in the pathogenesis of active gingivitis, complementing the enzymic mechanisms of periodontal tissue destruction already established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Moseley
- Regenerative Biology Group, Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair (CITER), College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rachel J Waddington
- Regenerative Biology Group, Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair (CITER), College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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