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Lewallen EA, Liu D, Karwoski J, Szeto WY, van Wijnen AJ, Laudanski K. Transcriptomic responses of peripheral blood leukocytes to cardiac surgery after acute inflammation, and three months recovery. Genomics 2024; 116:110878. [PMID: 38851465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2024.110878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic perioperative conditions may trigger early systemic responses, activate leukocytes and reprogram the immune system. We hypothesize that leukocyte activation may not revert to pre-surgical states, and that protracted activation may emerge with increased risks of comorbidities. We tested this concept by examining the transcriptomes of monocytes and T cells in a representative observational cohort of patients (n = 13) admitted for elective cardiac surgery. Transcriptomes in T cells and monocytes were compared from before surgery (t0), and monocytes were analyzed longitudinally after acute (t24hr), and convalescent (t3m) time points. Monocytes and T cells expressed distinct transcriptomes, reflected by statistically significant differential expression of 558 T cell related genes. Monocytes expressed genes related to protein degradation and presented atypical activation of surface markers and cytoplasmic functions over time. Additionally, monocytes exhibited limited transcriptomic heterogeneity prior to surgery, and long-term patterns of gene expression associated with atherosclerosis showed three temporally distinct signatures. These data establish that post-cardiac surgery transcriptomes of monocytes differ even at three months compared to baselines, which may reflect latent ('smoldering') inflammation and persistent progression of tissue degenerative processes that should inform clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Lewallen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA.
| | - Da Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjin Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Peoples Republic of China.
| | - Jake Karwoski
- Department of Undergraduate Studies, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Wilson Y Szeto
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | | | - Krzysztof Laudanski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Zhang YF, Yi ZJ, Zhang WF, Yang L, Qi F, Yu T, Zhu Z, Li MJ, Cheng Y, Zhao L, Gong JP, Li PZ. Single-Cell Sequencing Reveals MYOF-Enriched Monocyte/Macrophage Subcluster as a Favorable Prognostic Factor in Sepsis. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300673. [PMID: 38456367 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
This research utilized single-cell RNA sequencing to map the immune cell landscape in sepsis, revealing 28 distinct cell clusters and categorizing them into nine major types. Delving into the monocyte/macrophage subclusters, 12 unique subclusters are identified and pathway enrichment analyses are conducted using KEGG and GO, discovering enriched pathways such as oxidative phosphorylation and antigen processing. Further GSVA and AUCell assessments show varied activation of interferon pathways, especially in subclusters 4 and 11. The clinical correlation analysis reveals genes significantly linked to survival outcomes. Additionally, cellular differentiation in these subclusters is explored. Building on these insights, the differential gene expression within these subclusters is specifically scrutinized, which reveal MYOF as a key gene with elevated expression levels in the survivor group. This finding is further supported by in-depth pathway enrichment analysis and the examination of cellular differentiation trajectories, where MYOF's role became evident in the context of immune response regulation and sepsis progression. Validating the role of the MYOF gene in sepsis, a dose-dependent response to LPS in THP-1 cells and C57 mice is observed. Finally, inter-cellular communications are analyzed, particularly focusing on the MYOF+Mono/Macro subcluster, which indicates a pivotal role in immune regulation and potential therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhu-Jun Yi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, 404100, China
| | - Wen-Feng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lian Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ming-Jie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yao Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jian-Ping Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Pei-Zhi Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
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Liu G, Ma N, Cheng K, Feng Q, Ma X, Yue Y, Li Y, Zhang T, Gao X, Liang J, Zhang L, Wang X, Ren Z, Fu YX, Zhao X, Nie G. Bacteria-derived nanovesicles enhance tumour vaccination by trained immunity. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:387-398. [PMID: 38052943 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01553-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Trained immunity enhances the responsiveness of immune cells to subsequent infections or vaccinations. Here we demonstrate that pre-vaccination with bacteria-derived outer-membrane vesicles, which contain large amounts of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, can be used to potentiate, and enhance, tumour vaccination by trained immunity. Intraperitoneal administration of these outer-membrane vesicles to mice activates inflammasome signalling pathways and induces interleukin-1β secretion. The elevated interleukin-1β increases the generation of antigen-presenting cell progenitors. This results in increased immune response when tumour antigens are delivered, and increases tumour-antigen-specific T-cell activation. This trained immunity increased protection from tumour challenge in two distinct cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangna Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Nana Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Keman Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Qingqing Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotu Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yale Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Tianjiao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Lizhuo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- IGDB-NCNST Joint Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Rubio-Casillas A, Rodriguez-Quintero CM, Redwan EM, Gupta MN, Uversky VN, Raszek M. Do vaccines increase or decrease susceptibility to diseases other than those they protect against? Vaccine 2024; 42:426-440. [PMID: 38158298 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Contrary to the long-held belief that the effects of vaccines are specific for the disease they were created; compelling evidence has demonstrated that vaccines can exert positive or deleterious non-specific effects (NSEs). In this review, we compiled research reports from the last 40 years, which were found based on the PubMed search for the epidemiological and immunological studies on the non-specific effects (NSEs) of the most common human vaccines. Analysis of information showed that live vaccines induce positive NSEs, whereas non-live vaccines induce several negative NSEs, including increased female mortality associated with enhanced susceptibility to other infectious diseases, especially in developing countries. These negative NSEs are determined by the vaccination sequence, the antigen concentration in vaccines, the type of vaccine used (live vs. non-live), and also by repeated vaccination. We do not recommend stopping using non-live vaccines, as they have demonstrated to protect against their target disease, so the suggestion is that their detrimental NSEs can be minimized simply by changing the current vaccination sequence. High IgG4 antibody levels generated in response to repeated inoculation with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines could be associated with a higher mortality rate from unrelated diseases and infections by suppressing the immune system. Since most COVID-19 vaccinated countries are reporting high percentages of excess mortality not directly attributable to deaths from such disease, the NSEs of mRNA vaccines on overall mortality should be studied in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Rubio-Casillas
- Autlan Regional Hospital, Health Secretariat, Autlan 48900, Jalisco, Mexico; Biology Laboratory, Autlan Regional Preparatory School, University of Guadalajara, Autlan 48900, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | | | - Elrashdy M Redwan
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt.
| | - Munishwar Nath Gupta
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Mikolaj Raszek
- Merogenomics (Genomic Sequencing Consulting), Edmonton, AB T5J 3R8, Canada.
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McBride MA, Stothers CL, Fensterheim BA, Caja KR, Owen AM, Hernandez A, Bohannon JK, Patil NK, Ali S, Dalal S, Rahim M, Trenary IA, Young JD, Williams DL, Sherwood ER. Bacteria- and fungus-derived PAMPs induce innate immune memory via similar functional, metabolic, and transcriptional adaptations. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:358-373. [PMID: 37793181 PMCID: PMC10872320 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) induces an augmented, broad-spectrum antimicrobial response to subsequent infection, a phenomenon termed innate immune memory. This study examined the effects of treatment with β-glucan, a fungus-derived dectin-1 ligand, or monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), a bacteria-derived Toll-like receptor 4 ligand, on innate immune memory with a focus on identifying common cellular and molecular pathways activated by these diverse PAMPs. Treatment with either PAMP prepared the innate immune system to respond more robustly to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in vivo by facilitating mobilization of innate leukocytes into blood, recruitment of leukocytes to the site of infection, augmentation of microbial clearance, and attenuation of cytokine production. Examination of macrophages ex vivo showed amplification of metabolism, phagocytosis, and respiratory burst after treatment with either agent, although MPLA more robustly augmented these activities and more effectively facilitated killing of bacteria. Both agents activated gene expression pathways in macrophages that control inflammation, antimicrobial functions, and protein synthesis and suppressed pathways regulating cell division. β-glucan treatment minimally altered macrophage differential gene expression in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge, whereas MPLA attenuated the magnitude of the LPS-induced transcriptional response, especially cytokine gene expression. These results show that β-glucan and MPLA similarly augment the innate response to infection in vivo. Yet, MPLA more potently induces alterations in macrophage metabolism, antimicrobial functions, gene transcription and the response to LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A. McBride
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville 37232, Tennessee
| | - Cody L. Stothers
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville 37232, Tennessee
| | - Benjamin A. Fensterheim
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville 37232, Tennessee
| | - Katherine R. Caja
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville 37232, Tennessee
| | - Allison M. Owen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville 37232, Tennessee
| | - Antonio Hernandez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville 37232, Tennessee
| | - Julia K. Bohannon
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville 37232, Tennessee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville 37232, Tennessee
| | - Naeem K. Patil
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville 37232, Tennessee
| | - Sabah Ali
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville 37232, Tennessee
| | - Sujata Dalal
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville 37232, Tennessee
| | - Mohsin Rahim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville 37235, Tennessee
| | - Irina A. Trenary
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville 37235, Tennessee
| | - Jamey D. Young
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville 37235, Tennessee
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville 37232, Tennessee
| | - David L. Williams
- Department of Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, 325 North State of Franklin Road, Johnson City 37604, Tennessee
- Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, 325 North State of Franklin Road, Johnson City 37604, Tennessee
| | - Edward R. Sherwood
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville 37232, Tennessee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville 37232, Tennessee
- Department of Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, 325 North State of Franklin Road, Johnson City 37604, Tennessee
- Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, 325 North State of Franklin Road, Johnson City 37604, Tennessee
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Mussap M, Puddu M, Fanos V. Metabolic Reprogramming of Immune Cells Following Vaccination: From Metabolites to Personalized Vaccinology. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:1046-1068. [PMID: 37165503 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230509110108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Identifying metabolic signatures induced by the immune response to vaccines allows one to discriminate vaccinated from non-vaccinated subjects and decipher the molecular mechanisms associated with the host immune response. This review illustrates and discusses the results of metabolomics-based studies on the innate and adaptive immune response to vaccines, long-term functional reprogramming (immune memory), and adverse reactions. Glycolysis is not overexpressed by vaccines, suggesting that the immune cell response to vaccinations does not require rapid energy availability as necessary during an infection. Vaccines strongly impact lipids metabolism, including saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, inositol phosphate, and cholesterol. Cholesterol is strategic for synthesizing 25-hydroxycholesterol in activated macrophages and dendritic cells and stimulates the conversion of macrophages and T cells in M2 macrophage and Treg, respectively. In conclusion, the large-scale application of metabolomics enables the identification of candidate predictive biomarkers of vaccine efficacy/tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Mussap
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria S.S. 554, Monserrato 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Melania Puddu
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria S.S. 554, Monserrato 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria S.S. 554, Monserrato 09042, Cagliari, Italy
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Laudanski K, Liu D, Karnatovskaia L, Devang S, Mathew A, Szeto WY. Whole Blood Reactivity to Viral and Bacterial Pathogens after Non-Emergent Cardiac Surgery during the Acute and Convalescence Periods Demonstrates a Distinctive Profile of Cytokines Production Compared to the Preoperative Baseline in Cohort of 108 Patients, Suggesting Immunological Reprogramming during the 28 Days Traditionally Recognized as the Post-Surgical Recovery Period. Biomedicines 2023; 12:28. [PMID: 38275389 PMCID: PMC10812925 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The release of danger signals from tissues in response to trauma during cardiac surgery creates conditions to reprogram the immune system to subsequent challenges posed by pathogens in the postoperative period. To demonstrate this, we tested immunoreactivity before surgery as the baseline (tbaseline), followed by subsequent challenges during the acute phase (t24h), convalescence (t7d), and long-term recovery (t3m). For 108 patients undergoing elective heart surgery, whole blood was stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Influenza A virus subtype N2 (H3N2), or the Flublok™ vaccine to represent common pathogenic challenges. Leukocytosis, platelet count, and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) were used to measure non-specific inflammation. Cytokines were measured after 18 h of stimulation to reflect activation of the various cell types (activated neutrophils-IL-8; activated T cells-IL-2, IFNγ, activated monocyte (MO)-TNFα, IL-6, and deactivated or atypically activated MO and/or T cells-M-CSF, IL-10). IL-2 and IL-10 were increased at t7d, while TNFα was suppressed at t24h when LPS was utilized. Interestingly, M-CSF and IL-6 production was elevated at seven days in response to all stimuli compared to baseline. While some non-specific markers of inflammation (white cell count, IL-6, and IL-8) returned to presurgical levels at t3m, CRP and platelet counts remained elevated. We showed that surgical stimulus reprograms leukocyte response to LPS with only partial restoration of non-specific markers of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Laudanski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Da Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110055, China;
| | - Lioudmila Karnatovskaia
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Sanghavi Devang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
| | - Amal Mathew
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Wilson Y. Szeto
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
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Warreman EB, Nooteboom LA, Leenen PJM, Geurts HM, Terry MB, Bos JHJ, Hak E, Hoek HW, van Rossum EFC, Vermeiren RRJM, Ester WA. Metabolic syndrome in adults with autistic traits: associated psychological, behavioral, and biological factors in females and males - a PharmLines initiative. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1303840. [PMID: 38193131 PMCID: PMC10773724 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1303840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background While cardiovascular diseases is highly prevalent and an important cause of mortality in autistic adults, knowledge on their increased cardiovascular risk is limited. Hence, this study aimed to investigate psychological, behavioral, and physical factors associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adults with autistic traits. Methods In total, 17,705 adults from the Lifelines Cohort were included and categorized using Autism Spectrum Quotient-10 sum-scores. The quartiles with highest (HQ-traits-group females: n = 2,635; males: n = 1803) and lowest levels of autistic traits (LQ-traits-group, n = idem) were analyzed. Using multivariable logistic regression, the associations between MetS and (self-reported and interviewed) psychological, behavioral, and physically measured factors in these stratified groups were investigated. Results Among females, MetS was more common in the HQ-traits-group than in the LQ-traits-group (10.0% versus 7.5%, p < 0.01), while this was not the case among males (HQ-traits-group 13.8% versus LQ-traits-group 13.1%, p = 0.52). In both the female and male HQ-traits-group, the presence of MetS was associated with poorer self-reported health, less daily physical activity, and altered leukocyte counts. Conclusion These findings underline the relevance of adequate cardiovascular prevention in adults with higher levels of autistic traits. Future research could gain more insight into the relationship between cardiovascular risk and autistic traits in females, and into tailored cardiovascular prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. B. Warreman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, LUMC Curium, Leiden University Medical Center, Oegstgeest, Netherlands
| | - L. A. Nooteboom
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, LUMC Curium, Leiden University Medical Center, Oegstgeest, Netherlands
| | - P. J. M. Leenen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - H. M. Geurts
- Dutch Autism and ADHD Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Dr. Leo Kannerhuis, Youz, Parnassia Group, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M. B. Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - J. H. J. Bos
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, PharmacoTherapy, Epidemiology and Economics, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - E. Hak
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, PharmacoTherapy, Epidemiology and Economics, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - H. W. Hoek
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Parnassia Group, Youz, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - E. F. C. van Rossum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - R. R. J. M. Vermeiren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, LUMC Curium, Leiden University Medical Center, Oegstgeest, Netherlands
- Parnassia Group, Youz, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - W. A. Ester
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, LUMC Curium, Leiden University Medical Center, Oegstgeest, Netherlands
- Parnassia Group, Youz, The Hague, Netherlands
- Sarr Autism Rotterdam, Youz, Parnassia Group, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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9
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Dallio M, Ventriglia L, Romeo M, Scognamiglio F, Diano N, Moggio M, Cipullo M, Coppola A, Ziogas A, Netea MG, Federico A. Environmental bisphenol A exposure triggers trained immunity-related pathways in monocytes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1270391. [PMID: 38077323 PMCID: PMC10701735 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1270391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Trained Immunity represents a novel revolutionary concept of the immunological response involving innate immune cells. Bisphenol A is a well-known endocrine disrupter, widely disseminated worldwide and accumulated in the human body. Due to the increased interest regarding the effects of plastic-derived compounds on the immune system, our purpose was to explore whether BPA was able to induce trained immunity in human primary monocytes in vitro using low environmental concentrations. Materials and methods We extracted BPA from the serum of 10 healthy individuals through a liquid-liquid extraction followed by a solid phase extraction and measured the concentration using an HPLC system coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. In parallel, monocytes were isolated from whole blood and acutely stimulated or trained with BPA at three different concentrations (1 nM, 10 nM, 20 nM). Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10) production were assessed after 24 hours of acute stimulation and after Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) rechallenge. A comprehensive overview of the metabolic changes after BPA acute stimulation and trained immunity induction was assessed through extracellular lactate measurements, Seahorse XFb metabolic flux analysis and ROS production. Results Monocytes primed with BPA showed increased pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine responses upon restimulation, sustained by the modulation of the immunometabolic circuits. Moreover, we proved the non-toxic effect of BPA at each experimental concentration by performing an MTT assay. Additionally, correlation analysis were performed between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines production after LPS acute stimulation or BPA-mediated trained immunity and BPA serum concentrations showing a significant association between TNF-α and BPA circulating levels. Discussion Overall, this study pointed out for the first time the immunological effects of an environmental chemical and plastic-derived compound in the induction of trained immunity in a healthy cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Dallio
- Hepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ventriglia
- Hepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Romeo
- Hepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Scognamiglio
- Hepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Nadia Diano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Moggio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Cipullo
- Hepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Annachiara Coppola
- Hepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Athanasios Ziogas
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alessandro Federico
- Hepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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10
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Geckin B, Kilic G, Debisarun PA, Föhse K, Rodríguez-Luna A, Fernández-González P, Sánchez AL, Domínguez-Andrés J. The fungal-derived compound AM3 modulates pro-inflammatory cytokine production and skews the differentiation of human monocytes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1165683. [PMID: 37876931 PMCID: PMC10591448 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1165683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper functioning of the immune system depends on an appropriate balance between pro-inflammation and anti-inflammation. When the balance is disrupted and the system is excessively biased towards inflammation, immune responses cannot return within the normal range, which favors the onset of diseases of autoimmune or inflammatory nature. In this scenario, it is fundamental to find new compounds that can help restore this balance and contribute to the normal functioning of the immune system in humans. Here, we show the properties of a fungal compound with a strong safety profile in humans, AM3, as an immunomodulatory molecule to decrease excessive cytokine production in human cells. Our results present that AM3 treatment of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and monocytes decreased their pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion following the challenge with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Additionally, AM3 skewed the differentiation profile of human monocytes to macrophages towards a non-inflammatory phenotype without inducing tolerance, meaning these cells kept their capacity to respond to different stimuli. These effects were similar in young and elderly individuals. Thus, the fungal compound, AM3 may help reduce excessive immune activation in inflammatory conditions and keep the immune responses within a normal homeostatic range, regardless of the age of the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Büsra Geckin
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Gizem Kilic
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Priya A. Debisarun
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Konstantin Föhse
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Jorge Domínguez-Andrés
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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11
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Amarasinghe HE, Zhang P, Whalley JP, Allcock A, Migliorini G, Brown AC, Scozzafava G, Knight JC. Mapping the epigenomic landscape of human monocytes following innate immune activation reveals context-specific mechanisms driving endotoxin tolerance. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:595. [PMID: 37805492 PMCID: PMC10559536 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09663-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monocytes are key mediators of innate immunity to infection, undergoing profound and dynamic changes in epigenetic state and immune function which are broadly protective but may be dysregulated in disease. Here, we aimed to advance understanding of epigenetic regulation following innate immune activation, acutely and in endotoxin tolerant states. METHODS We exposed human primary monocytes from healthy donors (n = 6) to interferon-γ or differing combinations of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide), including acute response (2 h) and two models of endotoxin tolerance: repeated stimulations (6 + 6 h) and prolonged exposure to endotoxin (24 h). Another subset of monocytes was left untreated (naïve). We identified context-specific regulatory elements based on epigenetic signatures for chromatin accessibility (ATAC-seq) and regulatory non-coding RNAs from total RNA sequencing. RESULTS We present an atlas of differential gene expression for endotoxin and interferon response, identifying widespread context specific changes. Across assayed states, only 24-29% of genes showing differential exon usage are also differential at the gene level. Overall, 19.9% (6,884 of 34,616) of repeatedly observed ATAC peaks were differential in at least one condition, the majority upregulated on stimulation and located in distal regions (64.1% vs 45.9% of non-differential peaks) within which sequences were less conserved than non-differential peaks. We identified enhancer-derived RNA signatures specific to different monocyte states that correlated with chromatin accessibility changes. The endotoxin tolerance models showed distinct chromatin accessibility and transcriptomic signatures, with integrated analysis identifying genes and pathways involved in the inflammatory response, detoxification, metabolism and wound healing. We leveraged eQTL mapping for the same monocyte activation states to link potential enhancers with specific genes, identifying 1,946 unique differential ATAC peaks with 1,340 expression associated genes. We further use this to inform understanding of reported GWAS, for example involving FCHO1 and coronary artery disease. CONCLUSION This study reports context-specific regulatory elements based on transcriptomic profiling and epigenetic signatures for enhancer-derived RNAs and chromatin accessibility in immune tolerant monocyte states, and demonstrates the informativeness of linking such elements and eQTL to inform future mechanistic studies aimed at defining therapeutic targets of immunosuppression and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harindra E Amarasinghe
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
| | - Ping Zhang
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Justin P Whalley
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Alice Allcock
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Gabriele Migliorini
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Andrew C Brown
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Giuseppe Scozzafava
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Julian C Knight
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
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12
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Ferrazzo F, Leto S, Malara N. The 1926 novel, "One, no one, one hundred thousand", metaphorizes the potential danger when the immune system is exposed to a repetitive antigen stimulation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1254853. [PMID: 37771583 PMCID: PMC10524273 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the worldwide scenario of infection prevention and control, the vaccine strategies are destined to increase rapidly. The availability of numerous vaccination options allows you to plan individually on how to boost your immune system. The immune system is a highly plastic cognitive dynamic network and performs its function by recognition of the uniqueness of the organism defined as self. The identification and attack of non-self antigens contribute to improving the strategies of self/non-self discrimination. However, repetitive antigen stimulation of the immune system may lead to several outcomes reassumed in three principal risks: (i) loss of the unique self codification (one), (ii) loss of own identifying (no one), and (iii) the increase of idiotype/anti-idiotype entities (one hundred thousand). Controlled production of idiotype/anti-idiotype antibodies protects against autoimmune diseases and immunodeficiency. The title of the famous novel by Nobel Prize for Literature winner Luigi Pirandello, "One, no one, one hundred thousand", recaps the three risks and the protagonist's journey exploring the complexities of personal identity, and warns to preserve the uniqueness of the organism. Taking inspiration from this metaphor, the authors propose to monitor antibody idiotype response for personalizing vaccine plans with the aim of preserving the uniqueness of the immune system and assuring safe protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Natalia Malara
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
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13
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Morroni J, Benedetti A, Esposito L, De Bardi M, Borsellino G, Riera CS, Giordani L, Bouche M, Lozanoska-Ochser B. Injury-experienced satellite cells retain long-term enhanced regenerative capacity. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:246. [PMID: 37697344 PMCID: PMC10496398 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03492-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory memory or trained immunity is a recently described process in immune and non-immune tissue resident cells, whereby previous exposure to inflammation mediators leads to a faster and stronger responses upon secondary challenge. Whether previous muscle injury is associated with altered responses to subsequent injury by satellite cells (SCs), the muscle stem cells, is not known. METHODS We used a mouse model of repeated muscle injury, in which intramuscular cardiotoxin (CTX) injections were administered 50 days apart in order to allow for full recovery of the injured muscle before the second injury. The effect of prior injury on the phenotype, proliferation and regenerative potential of satellite cells following a second injury was examined in vitro and in vivo by immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR and histological analysis. RESULTS We show that SCs isolated from muscle at 50 days post-injury (injury-experienced SCs (ieSCs)) enter the cell cycle faster and form bigger myotubes when cultured in vitro, compared to control SCs isolated from uninjured contralateral muscle. Injury-experienced SCs were characterized by the activation of the mTORC 1 signaling pathway, suggesting they are poised to activate sooner following a second injury. Consequently, upon second injury, SCs accumulate in greater numbers in muscle at 3 and 10 days after injury. These changes in SC phenotype and behavior were associated with accelerated muscle regeneration, as evidenced by an earlier appearance of bigger fibers and increased number of myonuclei per fiber at day 10 after the second injury. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we show that skeletal muscle injury has a lasting effect on SC function priming them to respond faster to a subsequent injury. The ieSCs have long-term enhanced regenerative properties that contribute to accelerated regeneration following a secondary challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Morroni
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology and Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- COU of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Benedetti
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology and Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Translational Oncology Research Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Esposito
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology and Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco De Bardi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Carles Sanchez Riera
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology and Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Giordani
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS 974, Association Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Marina Bouche
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology and Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Biliana Lozanoska-Ochser
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology and Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Casamassima, Bari, Italy.
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14
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Föhse K, Debisarun PA, Kilic G, van Dodewaard-de Jong JM, Netea MG. Evaluation of the safety and immunological effects of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin in combination with checkpoint inhibitor therapy in a patient with neuroendocrine carcinoma: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2023; 17:377. [PMID: 37661259 PMCID: PMC10476294 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-023-04117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized therapy of advanced and metastatic cancers. However, a significant proportion of patients do not respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors or develop resistance. Therefore, novel therapies or combinations of therapies that may act synergistically are needed. It has been suggested that induction of trained immunity may increase the response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, through reprogramming myeloid cells toward an antitumor phenotype. On the other hand, activation of the immune system also carries the risk of potentially sustaining tumorgenicity and increasing immune- related toxicity. CASE PRESENTATION We report the case of a 37-year-old Dutch male suffering from gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma with liver metastases and high risk for an unfavorable outcome, who was treated with a combination of programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitor nivolumab and the trained immunity-inducer Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine as a salvage therapy. Three doses of BCG vaccine were administered at 3-month intervals, in conjunction with the immune checkpoint inhibitor regimen. At a certain point, radiation therapy was added to the treatment regimen. During the combination of these therapies, the patient developed immune-mediated colitis, which necessitated discontinuation of all treatments. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination induced a trained immune response with elevated monocyte-derived interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β production capacity. From the first vaccination with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin until 3 months after the last vaccination with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, the patient displayed only mild progression of the primary tumor and no progression of the metastases. CONCLUSION In this study, we show the feasibility to combine checkpoint inhibitor therapy with inducers of trained immunity in a patient with an aggressive neuroendocrine tumor. Autoimmune side effects are common under programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitor therapy, which was considered the most likely cause of colitis, although an additive effect of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination or radiotherapy cannot be excluded. The patient displayed only mild progression during the combination therapy, but larger studies are warranted to fully explore the potential benefit of trained immunity inducers as an adjuvant to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Föhse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Priya A Debisarun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gizem Kilic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department for Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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15
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Adams JRG, Mehat J, La Ragione R, Behboudi S. Preventing bacterial disease in poultry in the post-antibiotic era: a case for innate immunity modulation as an alternative to antibiotic use. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1205869. [PMID: 37469519 PMCID: PMC10352996 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1205869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of antibiotics in the poultry industry has led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which pose a significant health risk to humans and animals. These public health concerns, which have led to legislation limiting antibiotic use in animals, drive the need to find alternative strategies for controlling and treating bacterial infections. Modulation of the avian innate immune system using immunostimulatory compounds provides a promising solution to enhance poultry immune responses to a broad range of bacterial infections without the risk of generating antibiotic resistance. An array of immunomodulatory compounds have been investigated for their impact on poultry performance and immune responses. However, further research is required to identify compounds capable of controlling bacterial infections without detrimentally affecting bird performance. It is also crucial to determine the safety and effectiveness of these compounds in conjunction with poultry vaccines. This review provides an overview of the various immune modulators known to enhance innate immunity against avian bacterial pathogens in chickens, and describes the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. G. Adams
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Avian Immunology, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
| | - Jai Mehat
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto La Ragione
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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16
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Nowill AE, Caruso M, de Campos-Lima PO. T-cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2: what if the known best is not the optimal course for the long run? Adapting to evolving targets. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1133225. [PMID: 37388738 PMCID: PMC10303130 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1133225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Humanity did surprisingly well so far, considering how unprepared it was to respond to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) threat. By blending old and ingenious new technology in the context of the accumulated knowledge on other human coronaviruses, several vaccine candidates were produced and tested in clinical trials in record time. Today, five vaccines account for the bulk of the more than 13 billion doses administered worldwide. The ability to elicit biding and neutralizing antibodies most often against the spike protein is a major component of the protection conferred by immunization but alone it is not enough to limit virus transmission. Thus, the surge in numbers of infected individuals by newer variants of concern (VOCs) was not accompanied by a proportional increase in severe disease and death rate. This is likely due to antiviral T-cell responses, whose evasion is more difficult to achieve. The present review helps navigating the very large literature on T cell immunity induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and vaccination. We examine the successes and shortcomings of the vaccinal protection in the light of the emergence of VOCs with breakthrough potential. SARS-CoV-2 and human beings will likely coexist for a long while: it will be necessary to update existing vaccines to improve T-cell responses and attain better protection against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre E. Nowill
- Integrated Center for Pediatric OncoHaematological Research, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Manuel Caruso
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center (Oncology Division), Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Pedro O. de Campos-Lima
- Boldrini Children’s Center, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Molecular and Morphofunctional Biology Graduate Program, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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17
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Arzola-Martínez L, Ptaschinski C, Lukacs NW. Trained innate immunity, epigenetics, and food allergy. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1105588. [PMID: 37304168 PMCID: PMC10251748 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1105588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years the increased incidence of food allergy in Western culture has been associated with environmental factors and an inappropriate immune phenotype. While the adaptive immune changes in food allergy development and progression have been well-characterized, an increase in innate cell frequency and activation status has also recently received greater attention. Early in prenatal and neonatal development of human immunity there is a reliance on epigenetic and metabolic changes that stem from environmental factors, which are critical in training the immune outcomes. In the present review, we discuss how trained immunity is regulated by epigenetic, microbial and metabolic factors, and how these factors and their impact on innate immunity have been linked to the development of food allergy. We further summarize current efforts to use probiotics as a potential therapeutic approach to reverse the epigenetic and metabolic signatures and prevent the development of severe anaphylactic food allergy, as well as the potential use of trained immunity as a diagnostic and management strategy. Finally, trained immunity is presented as one of the mechanisms of action of allergen-specific immunotherapy to promote tolerogenic responses in allergic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Llilian Arzola-Martínez
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center (MHWFAC), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Catherine Ptaschinski
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center (MHWFAC), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nicholas W. Lukacs
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center (MHWFAC), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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18
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Tang Y, Wu J, Tian Y, Wang J, Wang M, Zong S, Wan C, Wang M, Zhu J. Predictive value of peripheral lymphocyte subsets for the disease progression in patients with sepsis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109922. [PMID: 37012888 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the predictive value of peripheral lymphocyte subsets for sepsis progression. METHODS Patients with sepsis were divided into the improved group (n = 46) and severe group (n = 39) according to disease progression. Flow cytometric analysis was performed to enumerate absolute counts of peripheral lymphocyte subsets. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify clinical factors linked to sepsis progression. RESULTS The absolute counts of peripheral lymphocyte subsets were markedly decreased in septic patients compared with healthy controls. After treatment, the absolute counts of lymphocytes, CD3+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells were restored in the improved group, and reduced in the severe group. Logistic regression analysis indicated that a low CD8+ T cells count was a risk factor for sepsis progression. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that CD8+ T cells count had the greatest ability to predict sepsis progression. CONCLUSIONS The absolute counts of CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells were significantly higher in the improved group than the severe group. CD8+ T cells count was predictive of sepsis progression. Lymphopenia and CD8+ T cells depletion were associated with the clinical outcomes of sepsis, suggesting that CD8+ T cells have potential as a predictive biomarker and therapeutic target for patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Tang
- Department of Flow Cytometry Center, Clinical Laboratory, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingxue Wu
- Department of Flow Cytometry Center, Clinical Laboratory, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yao Tian
- Department of Flow Cytometry Center, Clinical Laboratory, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Flow Cytometry Center, Clinical Laboratory, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mingjie Wang
- Nanjing Huaixi Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Shouyang Zong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinhu County People's Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Changchun Wan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinhu County People's Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Flow Cytometry Center, Clinical Laboratory, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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19
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Bellavite P, Ferraresi A, Isidoro C. Immune Response and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Adverse Effects of Spike Proteins from SARS-CoV-2 and mRNA Vaccines. Biomedicines 2023; 11:451. [PMID: 36830987 PMCID: PMC9953067 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 disease) uses the Spike proteins of its envelope for infecting target cells expressing on the membrane the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) enzyme that acts as a receptor. To control the pandemic, genetically engineered vaccines have been designed for inducing neutralizing antibodies against the Spike proteins. These vaccines do not act like traditional protein-based vaccines, as they deliver the message in the form of mRNA or DNA to host cells that then produce and expose the Spike protein on the membrane (from which it can be shed in soluble form) to alert the immune system. Mass vaccination has brought to light various adverse effects associated with these genetically based vaccines, mainly affecting the circulatory and cardiovascular system. ACE2 is present as membrane-bound on several cell types, including the mucosa of the upper respiratory and of the gastrointestinal tracts, the endothelium, the platelets, and in soluble form in the plasma. The ACE2 enzyme converts the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II into peptides with vasodilator properties. Here we review the pathways for immunization and the molecular mechanisms through which the Spike protein, either from SARS-CoV-2 or encoded by the mRNA-based vaccines, interferes with the Renin-Angiotensin-System governed by ACE2, thus altering the homeostasis of the circulation and of the cardiovascular system. Understanding the molecular interactions of the Spike protein with ACE2 and the consequent impact on cardiovascular system homeostasis will direct the diagnosis and therapy of the vaccine-related adverse effects and provide information for development of a personalized vaccination that considers pathophysiological conditions predisposing to such adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandra Ferraresi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Ciro Isidoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Martín-Cruz L, Sevilla-Ortega C, Angelina A, Domínguez-Andrés J, Netea MG, Subiza JL, Palomares O. From trained immunity in allergy to trained immunity-based allergen vaccines. Clin Exp Allergy 2023; 53:145-155. [PMID: 36494877 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune cells experience long lasting metabolic and epigenetic changes after an encounter with specific stimuli. This facilitates enhanced immune responses upon secondary exposition to both the same and unrelated pathogens, a process termed trained immunity. Trained immunity-based vaccines (TIbV) are vaccines able to induce innate immune memory, thus conferring heterologous protection against a broad range of pathogens. While trained immunity has been well documented in the context of infections and multiple immune-mediated diseases, the role of innate immune memory and its contribution to the initiation and maintenance of chronic allergic diseases remains poorly understood. Over the last years, different studies attempting to uncover the role of trained immunity in allergy have emerged. Exposition to environmental factors impacting allergy development such as allergens or viruses induces the reprogramming of innate immune cells to acquire a more pro-inflammatory phenotype in the context of asthma or food allergy. Several studies have convincingly demonstrated that prevention of viral infections using TIbV contributes to reduce wheezing attacks in children, which represent a high-risk factor for asthma development later in life. Innate immune cells trained with specific stimuli might also acquire anti-inflammatory features and promote tolerance, which may have important implications for chronic inflammatory diseases such as allergies. Recent findings showed that allergoid-mannan conjugates, which are next generation vaccines for allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT), are able to reprogram monocytes into tolerogenic dendritic cells by mechanisms depending on metabolic and epigenetic rewiring. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of trained immunity in allergy will pave the way for the design of novel trained immunity-based allergen vaccines as potential alternative strategies for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Martín-Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Sevilla-Ortega
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Angelina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Domínguez-Andrés
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Oscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Quinteros SL, von Krusenstiern E, Snyder NW, Tanaka A, O’Brien B, Donnelly S. The helminth derived peptide FhHDM-1 redirects macrophage metabolism towards glutaminolysis to regulate the pro-inflammatory response. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1018076. [PMID: 36761766 PMCID: PMC9905698 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1018076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously identified an immune modulating peptide, termed FhHDM-1, within the secretions of the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, which is sufficiently potent to prevent the progression of type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis in murine models of disease. Here, we have determined that the FhHDM-1 peptide regulates inflammation by reprogramming macrophage metabolism. Specifically, FhHDM-1 switched macrophage metabolism to a dependence on oxidative phosphorylation fuelled by fatty acids and supported by the induction of glutaminolysis. The catabolism of glutamine also resulted in an accumulation of alpha ketoglutarate (α-KG). These changes in metabolic activity were associated with a concomitant reduction in glycolytic flux, and the subsequent decrease in TNF and IL-6 production at the protein level. Interestingly, FhHDM-1 treated macrophages did not express the characteristic genes of an M2 phenotype, thereby indicating the specific regulation of inflammation, as opposed to the induction of an anti-inflammatory phenotype per se. Use of an inactive derivative of FhHDM-1, which did not modulate macrophage responses, revealed that the regulation of immune responses was dependent on the ability of FhHDM-1 to modulate lysosomal pH. These results identify a novel functional association between the lysosome and mitochondrial metabolism in macrophages, and further highlight the significant therapeutic potential of FhHDM-1 to prevent inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susel Loli Quinteros
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Nathaniel W. Snyder
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Akane Tanaka
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Bronwyn O’Brien
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Sheila Donnelly
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia,*Correspondence: Sheila Donnelly,
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Kayongo A, Robertson NM, Siddharthan T, Ntayi ML, Ndawula JC, Sande OJ, Bagaya BS, Kirenga B, Mayanja-Kizza H, Joloba ML, Forslund SK. Airway microbiome-immune crosstalk in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1085551. [PMID: 36741369 PMCID: PMC9890194 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1085551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) has significantly contributed to global mortality, with three million deaths reported annually. This impact is expected to increase over the next 40 years, with approximately 5 million people predicted to succumb to COPD-related deaths annually. Immune mechanisms driving disease progression have not been fully elucidated. Airway microbiota have been implicated. However, it is still unclear how changes in the airway microbiome drive persistent immune activation and consequent lung damage. Mechanisms mediating microbiome-immune crosstalk in the airways remain unclear. In this review, we examine how dysbiosis mediates airway inflammation in COPD. We give a detailed account of how airway commensal bacteria interact with the mucosal innate and adaptive immune system to regulate immune responses in healthy or diseased airways. Immune-phenotyping airway microbiota could advance COPD immunotherapeutics and identify key open questions that future research must address to further such translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Kayongo
- Makerere University Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda,Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda,Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda,Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging Pathogens, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | | | - Trishul Siddharthan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Moses Levi Ntayi
- Makerere University Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda,Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda,Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Josephine Caren Ndawula
- Makerere University Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Obondo J. Sande
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Bernard S. Bagaya
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Bruce Kirenga
- Makerere University Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Harriet Mayanja-Kizza
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Moses L. Joloba
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sofia K. Forslund
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité - Universitatsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany,Charité-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany,*Correspondence: Sofia K. Forslund,
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23
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Ning D, Garg K, Mayer B, Schick B, Bracht H, Barth E, Weiss M, Li C, Schneider J, Schneider EM. Monocyte subtype expression patterns in septic patients with diabetes are distinct from patterns observed in obese patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1026298. [PMID: 36687421 PMCID: PMC9849690 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1026298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis causes a high rate of mortality and long-term morbidity, associated with an imbalance of innate immunity against infections and inflammation. Obesity and diabetes increase the risk for disease severity. Monocyte dysfunction plays a major role and justify further investigations. Objective To investigate the distribution and inflammatory phenotypes in circulating monocyte subsets in patients manifesting with sepsis including septic shock with and without obesity and diabetes. Methods A total of 235 blood samples were tested from critically ill adult patients registered at the intensive care unit (ICU). The cohorts were divided into non-diabetic groups with or without obesity and diabetic groups with or without obesity, suffering from sepsis or septic shock. We determined frequencies of total monocytes and of monocyte subsets in the circulation and density expression levels of functional markers, including CD14, CD16, HLA-DR, CD33, CD163, CD206, and arginase-1 by flow cytometric analysis. Results When progressing to septic shock in non-diabetic and diabetic patients, the percentages of total monocytes among the leukocyte population and of CD33+ and CD14+ monocytes among the monocyte population were consistently down-regulated compared to non-sepsis in non-diabetic and diabetic patients, respectively. Non-diabetic sepsis patients further presented with decreased CD33 and up-regulated CD163 expression density, which was absent in diabetic patients. We subsequently addressed obesity-related changes of monocytes in non-diabetic and diabetic septic patients. Obese septic patients with diabetes were unique in displaying increased monocytic CD16 and CD163 expression. However, obese septic patients without diabetes solely presented with lower amounts of non-classical monocytes. Body mass index (BMI) dependent changes were restricted to diabetic septic patients, with a significantly higher diminution of the classical monocyte subset and concomitantly increased CD16 expression densities. Conclusion Distribution and phenotypes of monocyte subsets were differentially modulated in critically ill patients with and without metabolic disease when progressing to sepsis or septic shock. Only diabetic septic patients displayed decline of classical monocytes and increase of CD16 expression densities. Therefore, diabetes but not obesity appears to promote the inflammatory phenotype of circulating monocytes in critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ning
- Clinic for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kunal Garg
- Clinic for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Benjamin Mayer
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schick
- Clinic for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hendrik Bracht
- Clinic for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Eberhard Barth
- Clinic for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Manfred Weiss
- Clinic for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Chen Li
- Clinic for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julian Schneider
- Clinic for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - E. Marion Schneider
- Clinic for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany,*Correspondence: E. Marion Schneider,
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Laupèze B, Doherty TM. Maintaining a 'fit' immune system: the role of vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2023; 22:256-266. [PMID: 36864769 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2185223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Conventionally, vaccines are thought to induce a specific immune response directed against a target pathogen. Long recognized but poorly understood nonspecific benefits of vaccination, such as reduced susceptibility to unrelated diseases or cancer, are now being investigated and may be due in part to "trained immunity'. AREAS COVERED We discuss 'trained immunity' and whether vaccine-induced 'trained immunity' could be leveraged to prevent morbidity due to a broader range of causes. EXPERT OPINION The prevention of infection i.e. maintaining homeostasis by preventing the primary infection and resulting secondary illnesses, is the pivotal strategy used to direct vaccine design and may have long-term, positive impacts on health at all ages. In the future, we anticipate that vaccine design will change to not only prevent the target infection (or related infections) but to generate positive modifications to the immune response that could prevent a wider range of infections and potentially reduce the impact of immunological changes associated with aging. Despite changing demographics, adult vaccination has not always been prioritized. However, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has demonstrated that adult vaccination can flourish given the right circumstances, demonstrating that harnessing the potential benefits of life-course vaccination is achievable for all.
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25
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Bindu S, Dandapat S, Manikandan R, Dinesh M, Subbaiyan A, Mani P, Dhawan M, Tiwari R, Bilal M, Emran TB, Mitra S, Rabaan AA, Mutair AA, Alawi ZA, Alhumaid S, Dhama K. Prophylactic and therapeutic insights into trained immunity: A renewed concept of innate immune memory. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2040238. [PMID: 35240935 PMCID: PMC9009931 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2040238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trained immunity is a renewed concept of innate immune memory that facilitates the innate immune system to have the capacity to remember and train cells via metabolic and transcriptional events to enable them to provide nonspecific defense against the subsequent encounters with a range of pathogens and acquire a quicker and more robust immune response, but different from the adaptive immune memory. Reversing the epigenetic changes or targeting the immunological pathways may be considered potential therapeutic approaches to counteract the hyper-responsive or hypo-responsive state of trained immunity. The efficient regulation of immune homeostasis and promotion or inhibition of immune responses is required for a balanced response. Trained immunity-based vaccines can serve as potent immune stimuli and help in the clearance of pathogens in the body through multiple or heterologous effects and confer protection against nonspecific and specific pathogens. This review highlights various features of trained immunity and its applications in developing novel therapeutics and vaccines, along with certain detrimental effects, challenges as well as future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Bindu
- Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Satyabrata Dandapat
- Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajendran Manikandan
- Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Murali Dinesh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anbazhagan Subbaiyan
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pashupathi Mani
- Division of Animal Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, The Trafford Group of Colleges, Manchester, UK
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangldesh
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Abbas Al Mutair
- Research Center, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- College of Nursing, Princess Norah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- School of Nursing, Wollongong University, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Zainab Al Alawi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alhumaid
- Administration of Pharmaceutical Care, Al-Ahsa Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kloc M, Kubiak JZ, Zdanowski R, Ghobrial RM. Memory Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010038. [PMID: 36613481 PMCID: PMC9819859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunological memory is a crucial part of the immune defense that allows organisms to respond against previously encountered pathogens or other harmful factors. Immunological memory is based on the establishment of epigenetic modifications of the genome. The ability to memorize encounters with pathogens and other harmful factors and mount enhanced defense upon subsequent encounters is an evolutionarily ancient mechanism operating in all animals and plants. However, the term immunological memory is usually restricted to the organisms (invertebrates and vertebrates) possessing the immune system. The mammalian immune system, with innate and adaptive branches, is the most sophisticated among vertebrates. The concept of innate memory and memory macrophages is relatively new and thus understudied. We introduce the concept of immunological memory and describe types of memory in different species and their evolutionary status. We discuss why the traditional view of innate immune cells as the first-line defenders is too restrictive and how the innate immune cells can accumulate and retain immunologic memory. We describe how the initial priming leads to chromatin remodeling and epigenetic changes, which allow memory macrophage formation. We also summarize what is currently known about the mechanisms underlying development of memory macrophages; their molecular and metabolic signature and surface markers; and how they may contribute to immune defense, diseases, and organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Kloc
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Transplant Immunology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Genetics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Jacek Z. Kubiak
- Dynamics and Mechanics of Epithelia Group, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, University of Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6290, 35043 Rennes, France
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine National Research Institute, Szaserow 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Zdanowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine National Research Institute, Szaserow 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafik M. Ghobrial
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Transplant Immunology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Mora VP, Loaiza RA, Soto JA, Bohmwald K, Kalergis AM. Involvement of trained immunity during autoimmune responses. J Autoimmun 2022:102956. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Martín-Cruz L, Angelina A, Baydemir I, Bulut Ö, Subiza JL, Netea MG, Domínguez-Andrés J, Palomares O. Candida albicans V132 induces trained immunity and enhances the responses triggered by the polybacterial vaccine MV140 for genitourinary tract infections. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1066383. [PMID: 36505433 PMCID: PMC9729253 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1066383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTIs) and recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVCs) represent major healthcare problems all over the world. Antibiotics and antifungals are widely used for such infectious diseases, which is linked with microbial resistances and microbiota deleterious effects. The development of novel approaches for genitourinary tract infections (GUTIs) such as trained immunity-based vaccines (TIbV) is therefore highly required. MV140 is a sublingual whole-cell heat-inactivated polybacterial preparation with demonstrated clinical efficacy for RUTIs. The sublingual heat-inactivated Candida albicans vaccine V132 has been developed for RVVCs. We previously showed that the combination of MV140 and V132 promotes potent Th1/Th17 and regulatory T-cell responses against antigens contained in the formulation and unrelated antigens. The specific contribution of each preparation to such effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Methods PBMC and monocytes were isolated from healthy donors and in vitro stimulated with V132, MV140 or MV140/V132. After 6 days of resting, cells were reestimulated with LPS and MV140. Analysis of cytokine production by ELISA, Seahorse assays for functional metabolic experiments and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally and sublingually immunized with V132. Results We uncover that V132 induces trained immunity in human PBMCs and purified monocytes, significantly increasing the responses triggered by subsequent stimulation with MV140. Mechanistically, V132 drives metabolic rewiring towards increased glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation and induces epigenetic reprogramming that enhances the transcription of the pro-inflammatory genes IL6 and TNFA. Splenocytes and peritoneal cells from V132-immunize mice show increased responses upon in vitro stimulation with MV140. Remarkably, splenocytes from sublingually V132-immunized and MV140 in vivo treatment mice show stronger Th17 responses than mice exposed to excipients upon in vitro stimulation with MV140. Conclusion Overall, we provide novel mechanistic insights into how V132-induced trained immunity enhances both innate and adaptive immune responses triggered by MV140, which might open the door for new interventions for GUTIs with important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Martín-Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Angelina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ilayda Baydemir
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Özlem Bulut
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands,Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jorge Domínguez-Andrés
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Oscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Oscar Palomares,
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Owen AM, Luan L, Burelbach KR, McBride MA, Stothers CL, Boykin OA, Sivanesam K, Schaedel JF, Patil TK, Wang J, Hernandez A, Patil NK, Sherwood ER, Bohannon JK. MyD88-dependent signaling drives toll-like receptor-induced trained immunity in macrophages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1044662. [PMID: 36439136 PMCID: PMC9692127 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1044662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunocompromised populations are highly vulnerable to developing life-threatening infections. Strategies to protect patients with weak immune responses are urgently needed. Employing trained immunity, whereby innate leukocytes undergo reprogramming upon exposure to a microbial product and respond more robustly to subsequent infection, is a promising approach. Previously, we demonstrated that the TLR4 agonist monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) induces trained immunity and confers broad resistance to infection. TLR4 signals through both MyD88- and TRIF-dependent cascades, but the relative contribution of each pathway to induction of trained immunity is unknown. Here, we show that MPLA-induced resistance to Staphylococcus aureus infection is lost in MyD88-KO, but not TRIF-KO, mice. The MyD88-activating agonist CpG (TLR9 agonist), but not TRIF-activating Poly I:C (TLR3 agonist), protects against infection in a macrophage-dependent manner. MPLA- and CpG-induced augmentation of macrophage metabolism and antimicrobial functions is blunted in MyD88-, but not TRIF-KO, macrophages. Augmentation of antimicrobial functions occurs in parallel to metabolic reprogramming and is dependent, in part, on mTOR activation. Splenic macrophages from CpG-treated mice confirmed that TLR/MyD88-induced reprogramming occurs in vivo. TLR/MyD88-triggered metabolic and functional reprogramming was reproduced in human monocyte-derived macrophages. These data show that MyD88-dependent signaling is critical in TLR-mediated trained immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M. Owen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Liming Luan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Katherine R. Burelbach
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Margaret A. McBride
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Cody L. Stothers
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Olivia A. Boykin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Kalkena Sivanesam
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Washington State University Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Jessica F. Schaedel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Tazeen K. Patil
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jingbin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Antonio Hernandez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Naeem K. Patil
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Edward R. Sherwood
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Julia K. Bohannon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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Arch M, Vidal M, Koiffman R, Melkie ST, Cardona PJ. Drosophila melanogaster as a model to study innate immune memory. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:991678. [PMID: 36338030 PMCID: PMC9630750 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.991678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, research regarding innate immune responses has gained increasing importance. A growing body of evidence supports the notion that the innate arm of the immune system could show memory traits. Such traits are thought to be conserved throughout evolution and provide a survival advantage. Several models are available to study these mechanisms. Among them, we find the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. This non-mammalian model has been widely used for innate immune research since it naturally lacks an adaptive response. Here, we aim to review the latest advances in the study of the memory mechanisms of the innate immune response using this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Arch
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Maria Vidal
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Comparative Medicine and Bioimage Centre of Catalonia (CMCiB), Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Microbiology Department, Laboratori Clínic Metropolitana Nord, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Romina Koiffman
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- UCBL, UnivLyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), Villeurbanne, France
| | - Solomon Tibebu Melkie
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- UCBL, UnivLyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pere-Joan Cardona
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Comparative Medicine and Bioimage Centre of Catalonia (CMCiB), Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Microbiology Department, Laboratori Clínic Metropolitana Nord, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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Chen K, Wu T, Wang D, Li R, Shen X, Zhao T, Ozato K, Li R. Transcriptomics and quantitative proteomics reveal changes after second stimulation of bone marrow-derived macrophages from lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1004232. [PMID: 36341359 PMCID: PMC9627492 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1004232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune memory can cause the occurrence and exacerbation of autoimmune diseases, and it is as well as being strongly associated with the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), however, the specific mechanism remains to be further studied. We learned that IFN-γ stimulation generated innate immune memory in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and activated memory interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). This research used IFN-γ and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to treat BMDMs with lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice and showed that particular memory ISGs were substantially elevated in prestimulated macrophages. In order to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), researchers turned to RNA-seq. GO and KEGG analysis showed that up-regulated DEGs were enriched in defense and innate immune responses, and were related to the expression of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)-related pathways in macrophages. TMT-based proteome analysis revealed differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) up-regulated in BMDMs were abundant in metabolic pathways such as glucose metabolism. Our study found that after the secondary stimulation of MRL/lpr mice, the expression of PRRs in innate immune cells was changed, and IFN-related pathways were activated to release a large number of ISGs to promote the secondary response. At the same time, related metabolic modes such as glycolysis were enhanced, and epigenetic changes may occur. Therefore, SLE is brought on, maintained, and worsened by a variety of factors that work together to produce innate immune memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tiyun Wu
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Danyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangfeng Shen
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keiko Ozato
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Keiko Ozato, ; Rongqun Li,
| | - Rongqun Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Keiko Ozato, ; Rongqun Li,
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Laudanski K, Liu D, Hajj J, Ghani D, Szeto WY. Serum level of total histone 3, H3K4me3, and H3K27ac after non-emergent cardiac surgery suggests the persistence of smoldering inflammation at 3 months in an adult population. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:112. [PMID: 36068552 PMCID: PMC9446722 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite clinical relevance of immunological activation due to histone leakage into the serum following cardiac surgery, long-term data describing their longitudinal dynamic are lacking. Therefore, this study examines the serum levels of histone 3 (tH3) and its modifications (H3K4me3 and H3K27ac) alongside immune system activation during the acute and convalescence phases of cardiac surgery. Methods Blood samples from fifty-nine individuals were collected before non-emergent cardiac surgery (tpre-op) and 24 h (t24hr), seven days (t7d), and three months (t3m) post-procedure to examine serum levels of tH3, H3K4me3, and H3K27ac. Serum heat shock protein-60 (HSP-60) was a surrogate of the cellular damage marker. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) assessed smoldering inflammation. TNFα and IL-6 production by whole blood in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) evaluated immunological activation. Electronic medical records provided demographic, peri-operative, and clinical information. Paired longitudinal analyses were employed with data expressed as mean and standard deviation (X ± SD) or median and interquartile range (Me[IQ25; 75%]. Results Compared to pre-operative levels (tH3Pre-op = 1.6[0.33;2.4]), post-operative serum tH3 significantly (p > 0.0001) increased after heart surgery (tH324hr = 2.2[0.3;28]), remained elevated at 7 days (tH37d = 2.4[0.37;5.3]), and at 3 months (tH33m = 2.0[0.31;2.9]). Serum H3K27ac was elevated at 24 h (H3K27ac24hr = 0.66 ± 0.51; p = 0.025) and seven days (H3K27ac7d = 0.94 ± 0.95; p = 0.032) as compared to baseline hours (H3K27acPre-op = 0.55 ± 0.54). Serum H3K4me3 was significantly diminished at three months (H3K4me3Pre-op = 0.94 ± 0.54 vs. H3K27ac3m = 0.59 ± 0.89; p = 0.008). tH3 correlated significantly with the duration of anesthesia (r2 = 0.38). In contrast, HSP-60 normalized seven days after surgery. Peri-operative intake of acetaminophen, but no acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), acid, ketorolac or steroids, resulted in the significant depression of serum H3K4me3 at 24 h (H3K4me3acetom- = 1.26[0.71; 3.21] vs H3K4me3acetom+ = 0.54[0.07;1.01]; W[50] = 2.26; p = 0.021). CRP, but not IL-6, remained elevated at 3 months compared to pre-surgical levels and correlated with tH324hrs (r2 = 0.43), tH37d (r2 = 0.71; p < 0.05), H3K4me37d (r2 = 0.53), and H3K27ac7d (r2 = 0.49). Production of TNFα by whole blood in response to LPS was associated with serum tH324hrs (r2 = 0.67). Diminished H3K4me324hrs, H3K27ac24hrs, and H3K27ac3m, accompanied the emergence of liver failure. Conclusions We demonstrated a prolonged elevation in serum histone 3 three months after cardiac surgery. Furthermore, histone 3 modifications had a discrete time evolution indicating differential immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Laudanski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, JMB 127, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA. .,Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, JMB 127, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA. .,Leonard Davis Institute for Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, JMB 127, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA.
| | - Da Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihane Hajj
- School of Nursing, Widener University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Danyal Ghani
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wilson Y Szeto
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Schwenck J, Kneilling M, Riksen NP, la Fougère C, Mulder DJ, Slart RJHA, Aarntzen EHJG. A role for artificial intelligence in molecular imaging of infection and inflammation. Eur J Hybrid Imaging 2022; 6:17. [PMID: 36045228 PMCID: PMC9433558 DOI: 10.1186/s41824-022-00138-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of occult infections and low-grade inflammation in clinical practice remains challenging and much depending on readers’ expertise. Although molecular imaging, like [18F]FDG PET or radiolabeled leukocyte scintigraphy, offers quantitative and reproducible whole body data on inflammatory responses its interpretation is limited to visual analysis. This often leads to delayed diagnosis and treatment, as well as untapped areas of potential application. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers innovative approaches to mine the wealth of imaging data and has led to disruptive breakthroughs in other medical domains already. Here, we discuss how AI-based tools can improve the detection sensitivity of molecular imaging in infection and inflammation but also how AI might push the data analysis beyond current application toward predicting outcome and long-term risk assessment.
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Mu D, Yang J, Jiang Y, Wang Z, Chen W, Huang J, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Yang D. Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Neutrophil as Orchestrator during β-Glucan–Induced Trained Immunity in a Teleost Fish. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 209:783-795. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Trained immunity defines long-term memory of innate immunity based on transcriptional, epigenetic, and metabolic modifications of myeloid cells, which are characterized by elevated proinflammatory responses toward homologous or heterologous secondary stimuli in mammals. However, the evidence of trained immunity-associated immune cells and its molecular mechanism in teleost fish remains largely unknown. In this study, we established a trained immunity activation model in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) and found that administration with β-glucan induces protection against a bacterial infection. Through single-cell RNA sequencing to annotate 14 clusters of innate and adaptive immune cells, as well as two clusters of blood cells, from head kidney and spleen, respectively, we characterized that neutrophil displays cardinal features of trained immunity by analyzing the expression abundance of trained immunity database–related genes at the single-cell level. Subsequently, through establishing an in vivo training and in vitro neutrophil challenge model, we found that the trained neutrophils exhibit a significant elevation of the IL-1R signaling pathway after Edwardsiella piscicida infection. Furthermore, inhibition of neutrophil’s IL-1R signaling pathway through anakinra treatment impaired the heightened production of reactive oxygen, nitrogen species, lactate, as well as the neutrophil extracellular traps formation and bacterial killing ability. Taken together, these findings characterized neutrophil as the orchestrator to express features of trained immunity, and revealed that the IL-1R signaling pathway plays a critical role in induction of trained immunity for bacterial clearance in teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Mu
- *State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Yang
- *State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- *State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuang Wang
- *State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijie Chen
- *State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianchang Huang
- *State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- †Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Qin Liu
- *State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- ‡Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; and
- §Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, China
| | - Dahai Yang
- *State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- §Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, China
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Evidence for Monocyte Reprogramming in a Long-Term Postsepsis Study. Crit Care Explor 2022; 4:e0734. [PMID: 35928539 PMCID: PMC9345639 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Chen C, Wang Z, Qin Y. Connections between metabolism and epigenetics: mechanisms and novel anti-cancer strategy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:935536. [PMID: 35935878 PMCID: PMC9354823 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.935536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells undergo metabolic adaptations to sustain their growth and proliferation under several stress conditions thereby displaying metabolic plasticity. Epigenetic modification is known to occur at the DNA, histone, and RNA level, which can alter chromatin state. For almost a century, our focus in cancer biology is dominated by oncogenic mutations. Until recently, the connection between metabolism and epigenetics in a reciprocal manner was spotlighted. Explicitly, several metabolites serve as substrates and co-factors of epigenetic enzymes to carry out post-translational modifications of DNA and histone. Genetic mutations in metabolic enzymes facilitate the production of oncometabolites that ultimately impact epigenetics. Numerous evidences also indicate epigenome is sensitive to cancer metabolism. Conversely, epigenetic dysfunction is certified to alter metabolic enzymes leading to tumorigenesis. Further, the bidirectional relationship between epigenetics and metabolism can impact directly and indirectly on immune microenvironment, which might create a new avenue for drug discovery. Here we summarize the effects of metabolism reprogramming on epigenetic modification, and vice versa; and the latest advances in targeting metabolism-epigenetic crosstalk. We also discuss the principles linking cancer metabolism, epigenetics and immunity, and seek optimal immunotherapy-based combinations.
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Vaz-Rodrigues R, Ferreras-Colino E, Ugarte-Ruíz M, Pesciaroli M, Thomas J, García-Seco T, Sevilla IA, Pérez-Sancho M, Mateo R, Domínguez L, Gortazar C, Risalde MA. Nonspecific protection of heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis against Salmonella Choleraesuis infection in pigs. Vet Res 2022; 53:31. [PMID: 35436975 PMCID: PMC9014587 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01047-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractTrained immunity is the capacity of innate immune cells to produce an improved response against a secondary infection after a previous unrelated infection. Salmonellosis represents a public health issue and affects the pig farming industry. In general, vaccination against salmonellosis is still facing problems regarding the control of distinct serovars. Therefore, we hypothesized that an immunostimulant based on heat inactivated Mycobacterium bovis (HIMB) could have an immune training effect in pigs challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis (S. Choleraesuis) and decided to explore the amplitude of this non-specific immune response. For this purpose, twenty-four 10 days-old female piglets were randomly separated in three groups: immunized group (n = 10) received orally two doses of HIMB prior to the intratracheal S. Choleraesuis-challenge, positive control group (n = 9) that was only challenged with S. Choleraesuis, and negative control group (n = 5) that was neither immunized nor infected. All individuals were necropsied 21 days post-challenge. HIMB improved weight gain and reduced respiratory symptoms and pulmonary lesions caused by S. Choleraesuis in pigs. Pigs immunized with HIMB showed higher cytokine production, especially of serum TNFα and lung CCL28, an important mediator of mucosal trained immunity. Moreover, immunized pigs showed lower levels of the biomarker of lipid oxidation malondialdehyde and higher activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase than untreated challenged pigs. However, the excretion and tissue colonization of S. Choleraesuis remained unaffected. This proof-of-concept study suggests beneficial clinical, pathological, and heterologous immunological effects against bacterial pathogens within the concept of trained immunity, opening avenues for further research.
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Funes SC, Rios M, Fernández-Fierro A, Di Genaro MS, Kalergis AM. Trained Immunity Contribution to Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders. Front Immunol 2022; 13:868343. [PMID: 35464438 PMCID: PMC9028757 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.868343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A dysregulated immune response toward self-antigens characterizes autoimmune and autoinflammatory (AIF) disorders. Autoantibodies or autoreactive T cells contribute to autoimmune diseases, while autoinflammation results from a hyper-functional innate immune system. Aside from their differences, many studies suggest that monocytes and macrophages (Mo/Ma) significantly contribute to the development of both types of disease. Mo/Ma are innate immune cells that promote an immune-modulatory, pro-inflammatory, or repair response depending on the microenvironment. However, understanding the contribution of these cells to different immune disorders has been difficult due to their high functional and phenotypic plasticity. Several factors can influence the function of Mo/Ma under the landscape of autoimmune/autoinflammatory diseases, such as genetic predisposition, epigenetic changes, or infections. For instance, some vaccines and microorganisms can induce epigenetic changes in Mo/Ma, modifying their functional responses. This phenomenon is known as trained immunity. Trained immunity can be mediated by Mo/Ma and NK cells independently of T and B cell function. It is defined as the altered innate immune response to the same or different microorganisms during a second encounter. The improvement in cell function is related to epigenetic and metabolic changes that modify gene expression. Although the benefits of immune training have been highlighted in a vaccination context, the effects of this type of immune response on autoimmunity and chronic inflammation still remain controversial. Induction of trained immunity reprograms cellular metabolism in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), transmitting a memory-like phenotype to the cells. Thus, trained Mo/Ma derived from HSCs typically present a metabolic shift toward glycolysis, which leads to the modification of the chromatin architecture. During trained immunity, the epigenetic changes facilitate the specific gene expression after secondary challenge with other stimuli. Consequently, the enhanced pro-inflammatory response could contribute to developing or maintaining autoimmune/autoinflammatory diseases. However, the prediction of the outcome is not simple, and other studies propose that trained immunity can induce a beneficial response both in AIF and autoimmune conditions by inducing anti-inflammatory responses. This article describes the metabolic and epigenetic mechanisms involved in trained immunity that affect Mo/Ma, contraposing the controversial evidence on how it may impact autoimmune/autoinflammation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta C. Funes
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas-San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL), San Luis, Argentina
| | - Mariana Rios
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ayleen Fernández-Fierro
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María S. Di Genaro
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas-San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL), San Luis, Argentina
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Alexis M. Kalergis,
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Abstract
Neuroimmunological diseases and their treatment compromise the immune system, thereby increasing the risk of infections and serious illness. Consequently, vaccinations to protect against infections are an important part of the clinical management of these diseases. However, the wide variety of immunotherapies that are currently used to treat neuroimmunological disease — particularly multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders — can also impair immunological responses to vaccinations. In this Review, we discuss what is known about the effects of various immunotherapies on immunological responses to vaccines and what these effects mean for the safe and effective use of vaccines in patients with a neuroimmunological disease. The success of vaccination in patients receiving immunotherapy largely depends on the specific mode of action of the immunotherapy. To minimize the risk of infection when using immunotherapy, assessment of immune status and exclusion of underlying chronic infections before initiation of therapy are essential. Selection of the required vaccinations and leaving appropriate time intervals between vaccination and administration of immunotherapy can help to safeguard patients. We also discuss the rapidly evolving knowledge of how immunotherapies affect responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and how these effects should influence the management of patients on these therapies during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this Review, the authors discuss how various immunotherapies for neuroimmunological diseases interact with vaccination responses, including responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations, and the implications for the safe and effective use of vaccines in patients with these diseases. Vaccination against infection is an essential part of the management of neuroimmunological diseases. All indicated vaccinations should be administered before initiation of immunotherapy whenever possible; appropriate intervals between vaccination and treatment vary with treatment and vaccination. Inactivated vaccines are considered safe in neuroimmunological diseases but live vaccines are generally contraindicated during immunotherapy. Vaccination responses during immunotherapy can be diminished or abrogated, depending on the treatment and vaccination; antibody titre testing to monitor responses can be considered where appropriate. Vaccinations must be avoided during relapses or exacerbations of neuroimmunological diseases. Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is recommended for patients with neuroimmunological disease but some immunotherapies limit the immune response; therefore, timing should be considered carefully.
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Ahmad HI, Jabbar A, Mushtaq N, Javed Z, Hayyat MU, Bashir J, Naseeb I, Abideen ZU, Ahmad N, Chen J. Immune Tolerance vs. Immune Resistance: The Interaction Between Host and Pathogens in Infectious Diseases. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:827407. [PMID: 35425833 PMCID: PMC9001959 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.827407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is most likely developed to reduce the harmful impact of infections on the host homeostasis. This defense approach is based on the coordinated activity of innate and adaptive immune system components, which detect and target infections for containment, killing, or expulsion by the body's defense mechanisms. These immunological processes are responsible for decreasing the pathogen burden of an infected host to maintain homeostasis that is considered to be infection resistance. Immune-driven resistance to infection is connected with a second, and probably more important, defensive mechanism: it helps to minimize the amount of dysfunction imposed on host parenchymal tissues during infection without having a direct adverse effect on pathogens. Disease tolerance is a defensive approach that relies on tissue damage control systems to prevent infections from causing harm to the host. It also uncouples immune-driven resistance mechanisms from immunopathology and disease, allowing the body to fight infection more effectively. This review discussed the cellular and molecular processes that build disease tolerance to infection and the implications of innate immunity on those systems. In addition, we discuss how symbiotic relationships with microbes and their control by particular components of innate and adaptive immunity alter disease tolerance to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Mushtaq
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Javed
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar Hayyat
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Javaria Bashir
- Department of Medical Sciences, Sharif Medical and Dental Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Naseeb
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zain Ul Abideen
- Department of Zoology, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Nisar Ahmad
- Department of Livestock Management, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pattoki, Pakistan
| | - Jinping Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Jinping Chen
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Yu D, Zhang J, Wang S. Trained immunity in the mucosal diseases. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1543. [PMID: 35266652 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immune memory is well known as a signature of the adaptive immune system. Recently, enhanced responses to subsequent triggers are also observed in innate immune system, termed trained immunity (TI). Awakening of innate immune memory is required for host defense, such as anti-pathogen and anti-tumor responses. However, hyper-reactivation of trained innate immune cells also gives rise to undesirable inflammation. Mucosa immune system serves as the first defense line against pathogens. Trained immunity of mucosal immune system is tightly associated with the outcomes of mucosal diseases. In this review, we discuss the role of trained immunity in mucosal-associated diseases and the underlying mechanisms. We summarize the metabolic and epigenetic changes of trained immune cells and highlight their potential in clinical treatment. This article is categorized under: Infectious Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dou Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Division of Life Sciences of Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Arenas-Hernandez M, Romero R, Gershater M, Tao L, Xu Y, Garcia-Flores V, Pusod E, Miller D, Galaz J, Motomura K, Schwenkel G, Para R, Gomez-Lopez N. Specific innate immune cells uptake fetal antigen and display homeostatic phenotypes in the maternal circulation. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 111:519-538. [PMID: 34889468 PMCID: PMC8881318 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5hi0321-179rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy represents a period when the mother undergoes significant immunological changes to promote tolerance of the fetal semi-allograft. Such tolerance results from the exposure of the maternal immune system to fetal antigens (Ags), a process that has been widely investigated at the maternal-fetal interface and in the adjacent draining lymph nodes. However, the peripheral mechanisms of maternal-fetal crosstalk are poorly understood. Herein, we hypothesized that specific innate immune cells interact with fetal Ags in the maternal circulation. To test this hypothesis, a mouse model was utilized in which transgenic male mice expressing the chicken ovalbumin (OVA) Ag under the beta-actin promoter were allogeneically mated with wild-type females to allow for tracking of the fetal Ag. Fetal Ag-carrying Ly6G+ and F4/80+ cells were identified in the maternal circulation, where they were more abundant in the second half of pregnancy. Such innate immune cells displayed unique phenotypes: while Ly6G+ cells expressed high levels of MHC-II and CD80 together with low levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, F4/80+ cells up-regulated the expression of CD86 as well as the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β. In vitro studies using allogeneic GFP+ placental particles revealed that maternal peripheral Ly6G+ and F4/80+ cells phagocytose fetal Ags in mid and late murine pregnancy. Importantly, cytotrophoblast-derived particles were also engulfed in vitro by CD15+ and CD14+ cells from women in the second and third trimester, providing translational evidence that this process also occurs in humans. Collectively, this study demonstrates novel interactions between specific maternal circulating innate immune cells and fetal Ags, thereby shedding light on the systemic mechanisms of maternal-fetal crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Arenas-Hernandez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Meyer Gershater
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Li Tao
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yi Xu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Valeria Garcia-Flores
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Errile Pusod
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Derek Miller
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jose Galaz
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kenichiro Motomura
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - George Schwenkel
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Robert Para
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Sherwood ER, Burelbach KR, McBride MA, Stothers CL, Owen AM, Hernandez A, Patil NK, Williams DL, Bohannon JK. Innate Immune Memory and the Host Response to Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:785-792. [PMID: 35115374 PMCID: PMC8982914 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Unlike the adaptive immune system, the innate immune system has classically been characterized as being devoid of memory functions. However, recent research shows that innate myeloid and lymphoid cells have the ability to retain memory of prior pathogen exposure and become primed to elicit a robust, broad-spectrum response to subsequent infection. This phenomenon has been termed innate immune memory or trained immunity. Innate immune memory is induced via activation of pattern recognition receptors and the actions of cytokines on hematopoietic progenitors and stem cells in bone marrow and innate leukocytes in the periphery. The trained phenotype is induced and sustained via epigenetic modifications that reprogram transcriptional patterns and metabolism. These modifications augment antimicrobial functions, such as leukocyte expansion, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and microbial killing, to facilitate an augmented host response to infection. Alternatively, innate immune memory may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic diseases, such as atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward R Sherwood
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN;
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Surgery, East Tennessee State University, Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN; and
- Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN
| | | | - Margaret A McBride
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Cody L Stothers
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Allison M Owen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Antonio Hernandez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Naeem K Patil
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - David L Williams
- Department of Surgery, East Tennessee State University, Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN; and
- Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN
| | - Julia K Bohannon
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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44
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The Prognostic Significance of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Monocyte to Lymphocyte Ratio (MLR) and Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) on Long-Term Survival in Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (OPCAB) Procedures. BIOLOGY 2021; 11:biology11010034. [PMID: 35053032 PMCID: PMC8772913 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases, apart from commonly known risk factors, are related to inflammation. There are several simple novel markers proposed to present the relation between inflammatory reactions activation and atherosclerotic changes. They are easily available from whole blood count and include neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelets to lymphocyte ratio (PLR). The RDW results were excluded from the analysis. METHOD AND RESULTS The study based on retrospective single-centre analysis of 682 consecutive patients (131 (19%) females and 551 (81%) males) with median age of 66 years (60-71) who underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) procedure. During the median 5.3 +/- 1.9 years follow-up, there was a 87% cumulative survival rate. The laboratory parameters including preoperative MLR > 0.2 (HR 2.46, 95% CI 1.33-4.55, p = 0.004) and postoperative NLR > 3.5 (HR 1.75, 95% CI 1.09-2.79, p = 0.019) were found significant for long-term mortality prediction in multivariable analysis. CONCLUSION Hematological indices NLR and MLR can be regarded as significant predictors of all-cause long-term mortality after OPCAB revascularization. Multivariable analysis revealed preoperative values of MLR > 0.2 and postoperative values of NLR > 3.5 as simple, reliable factors which may be applied into clinical practice for meticulous postoperative monitoring of patients in higher risk of worse prognosis.
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Zubair K, You C, Kwon G, Kang K. Two Faces of Macrophages: Training and Tolerance. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111596. [PMID: 34829825 PMCID: PMC8615871 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are present in almost all body tissues. They detect and quickly respond to “environmental signals” in the tissue. Macrophages have been associated with numerous beneficial roles, such as host defense, wound healing, and tissue regeneration; however, they have also been linked to the development of diverse illnesses, particularly cancers and autoimmune disorders. Complex signaling, epigenetic, and metabolic pathways drive macrophage training and tolerance. The induced intracellular program differs depending on the type of initial stimuli and the tissue microenvironment. Due to the essential roles of macrophages in homeostatic and their association with the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, recent studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms of macrophage training and tolerance. This review discusses the role of factors involved in macrophage training and tolerance, along with the current studies in human diseases.
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46
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Goretzki A, Lin Y, Schülke S. Immune metabolism in allergies, does it matter?-A review of immune metabolic basics and adaptations associated with the activation of innate immune cells in allergy. Allergy 2021; 76:3314-3331. [PMID: 33811351 DOI: 10.1111/all.14843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Type I allergies are pathological, type 2 inflammatory immune responses against otherwise harmless environmental allergens that arise from complex interactions between different types of immune cells. Activated immune cells undergo extensive changes in phenotype and function to fulfill their effector functions. Hereby, activation, differentiation, proliferation, migration, and mounting of effector responses require metabolic reprogramming. While the metabolic changes associated with activation of dendritic cells, macrophages, and T cells are extensively studied, data about the metabolic phenotypes of the other cell types critically involved in allergic responses (epithelial cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, and ILC2s) are rather limited. This review briefly covers the basics of cellular energy metabolism and its connection to immune cell function. In addition, it summarizes the current state of knowledge in terms of dendritic cell and macrophage metabolism and subsequently focuses on the metabolic changes associated with activation of epithelial cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, as well as ILC2s in allergy. Interestingly, the innate key cell types in allergic inflammation were reported to change their metabolic phenotype during activation, shifting to either glycolysis (epithelial cells, M1 macrophages, DCs, eosinophils, basophils, acutely activated mast cells), oxidative phosphorylation (M2 macrophages, longer term activated mast cells), or fatty acid oxidation (ILC2s). Therefore, immune metabolism is of relevance in allergic diseases and its connection to immune cell effector function needs to be considered to better understand induction and maintenance of allergic responses. Further progress in this field will likely improve both our understanding of disease pathology and enable new treatment targets/strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yen‐Ju Lin
- Molecular Allergology Paul‐Ehrlich‐Institut Langen Germany
| | - Stefan Schülke
- Molecular Allergology Paul‐Ehrlich‐Institut Langen Germany
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Powers AA, Jones KE, Eisenberg SH, Rigatti LH, Ryan JP, Luketich JD, Lotze MT, LaRue AC, Dhupar R, Soloff AC. Experimental respiratory exposure to putative Gulf War toxins promotes persistent alveolar macrophage recruitment and pulmonary inflammation. Life Sci 2021; 282:119839. [PMID: 34293400 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Respiratory disorders are a prominent component of Gulf War Illness. Although much of the underlying mechanisms of Gulf War Illness remain undefined, chronic immune dysfunction is a consistent feature of this multi-symptomatic, multi-organ disorder. Alveolar macrophages represent the predominant mononuclear phagocytes of the pulmonary mucosa, orchestrating the host response to pathogens and environmental stimuli. Herein, we sought to characterize the innate immune response of the pulmonary mucosa, with a focus on macrophages, to experimental respiratory exposure to two putative Gulf War Toxins (GWTs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Utilizing commercially available instrumentation, we evaluated the effect of aerosolized exposure to the pesticide malathion and diesel exhaust particulate (DEP) on the immune composition and inflammatory response of the lung in FVB/N mice using multiparametric spectral cytometry, cytokine analysis, and histology. KEY FINDINGS Aerosolized GWTs induced gross pulmonary pathology with transient recruitment of neutrophils and sustained accumulation of alveolar macrophages to the lung for up to two weeks after exposure cessation. High-dimensional cytometry and unbiased computational analysis identified novel myeloid subsets recruited to the lung post-exposure driven by an influx of peripheral monocyte-derived progenitors. DEP and malathion, either alone or in combination, induced soluble mediators in bronchoalveolar lavage indicative of oxidative stress (PGF2α), inflammation (LTB4, TNFα, IL-12), and immunosuppression (IL-10), that were sustained or increased two weeks after exposures concluded. SIGNIFICANCE These findings indicate that macrophage accumulation and pulmonary inflammation induced by GWTs continue in the absence of toxin exposure and may contribute to the immunopathology of respiratory Gulf War Illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A Powers
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Katherine E Jones
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Seth H Eisenberg
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lora H Rigatti
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John P Ryan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James D Luketich
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael T Lotze
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amanda C LaRue
- Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Rajeev Dhupar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Surgical Services Division, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adam C Soloff
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Brands X, Haak BW, Klarenbeek AM, Butler J, Uhel F, Qin W, Otto NA, Jakobs ME, Faber DR, Lutter R, Wiersinga WJ, van der Poll T, Scicluna BP. An epigenetic and transcriptomic signature of immune tolerance in human monocytes through multi-omics integration. Genome Med 2021; 13:131. [PMID: 34399830 PMCID: PMC8365568 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00948-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plasticity of monocytes enables them to exert multiple roles during an immune response, including promoting immune tolerance. How monocytes alter their functions to convey immune tolerance in the context of lower respiratory tract infections in humans is not well understood. Here, we sought to identify epigenetic and transcriptomic features of cytokine production capacity in circulating monocytes during community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). METHODS Circulating CD14+ monocytes were obtained from the blood of CAP patients included in a longitudinal, observational cohort study, on hospitalization (acute stage, n=75), and from the same patients after a 1-month follow-up (recovery stage, n=56). Age and sex-matched non-infectious participants were included as controls (n=41). Ex vivo cytokine production after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure was assessed by multiplex assay. Transcriptomes of circulating monocytes were generated by RNA-sequencing, and DNA methylation levels in the same monocytes were measured by reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. Data were integrated by fitting projection-to-latent-structure models, and signatures derived by partial least squares discrimination. RESULTS Monocytes captured during the acute stage exhibited impaired TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 production after ex vivo stimulation with LPS, relative to controls. IL-6 production was not resolved in recovery monocytes. Multivariate analysis of RNA-sequencing data identified 2938 significantly altered RNA transcripts in acute-stage monocytes (fold expression ≤-1.5 or ≥1.5; adjusted p ≤ 0.01), relative to controls. Comparing DNA methylation levels in circulating monocytes of CAP patients to controls revealed minimal differences, specifically in DNAse hypersensitive sites (HS) of acute-stage monocytes. Data integration identified a cholesterol biosynthesis gene signature and DNAse HS axis of IL-1β and IL-10 production (R2 =0.51). CONCLUSIONS Circulating monocytes obtained from CAP patients during the acute stage exhibited impaired cytokine production capacities, indicative of reprogramming to a state of immune tolerance, which was not fully resolved after 1 month. Our split-sample study showed that 51% of the immune tolerance phenotype can be explained, at least in part, by coordinated shifts in cholesterol biosynthesis gene expression and DNAse HS methylation levels. A multi-scale model identified an epigenetic and transcriptomic signature of immune tolerance in monocytes, with implications for future interventions in immunosuppression. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT number NCT02928367.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xanthe Brands
- Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands.
| | - Bastiaan W Haak
- Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Augustijn M Klarenbeek
- Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Joe Butler
- Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Fabrice Uhel
- Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Wanhai Qin
- Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Natasja A Otto
- Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Marja E Jakobs
- Laboratory of Genome Analysis, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands
| | | | - René Lutter
- Respiratory Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands
| | - W Joost Wiersinga
- Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Brendon P Scicluna
- Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands.
- Department of Applied Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mater Dei Hospital, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.
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Phillips-Farfán B, Gómez-Chávez F, Medina-Torres EA, Vargas-Villavicencio JA, Carvajal-Aguilera K, Camacho L. Microbiota Signals during the Neonatal Period Forge Life-Long Immune Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158162. [PMID: 34360926 PMCID: PMC8348731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota regulates immunological development during early human life, with long-term effects on health and disease. Microbial products include short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), formyl peptides (FPs), polysaccharide A (PSA), polyamines (PAs), sphingolipids (SLPs) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands. Anti-inflammatory SCFAs are produced by Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Spirochaetes and Verrucomicrobia by undigested-carbohydrate fermentation. Thus, fiber amount and type determine their occurrence. FPs bind receptors from the pattern recognition family, those from commensal bacteria induce a different response than those from pathogens. PSA is a capsular polysaccharide from B. fragilis stimulating immunoregulatory protein expression, promoting IL-2, STAT1 and STAT4 gene expression, affecting cytokine production and response modulation. PAs interact with neonatal immunity, contribute to gut maturation, modulate the gut–brain axis and regulate host immunity. SLPs are composed of a sphingoid attached to a fatty acid. Prokaryotic SLPs are mostly found in anaerobes. SLPs are involved in proliferation, apoptosis and immune regulation as signaling molecules. The AhR is a transcription factor regulating development, reproduction and metabolism. AhR binds many ligands due to its promiscuous binding site. It participates in immune tolerance, involving lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells during early development in exposed humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Phillips-Farfán
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City 04530, Mexico; (B.P.-F.); (K.C.-A.)
| | - Fernando Gómez-Chávez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City 04530, Mexico; (F.G.-C.); (J.A.V.-V.)
- Cátedras CONACyT-Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City 04530, Mexico
- Departamento de Formación Básica Disciplinaria, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico
| | | | | | - Karla Carvajal-Aguilera
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City 04530, Mexico; (B.P.-F.); (K.C.-A.)
| | - Luz Camacho
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City 04530, Mexico; (B.P.-F.); (K.C.-A.)
- Correspondence:
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50
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Denstaedt SJ, Bustamante AC, Newstead MW, Moore BB, Standiford TJ, Zemans RL, Singer BH. Long-term survivors of murine sepsis are predisposed to enhanced LPS-induced lung injury and proinflammatory immune reprogramming. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L451-L465. [PMID: 34161747 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00123.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of people who survive sepsis each year are rehospitalized and die due to late pulmonary complications. To prevent and treat these complications, biomarkers and molecular mediators must be identified. Persistent immune reprogramming in the form of immunoparalysis and impaired host defense is proposed to mediate late pulmonary complications after sepsis, particularly new pulmonary infections. However, immune reprogramming may also involve enhanced/primed responses to secondary stimuli, although their contribution to long-term sepsis complications remains understudied. We hypothesize that enhanced/primed immune responses in the lungs of sepsis survivors are associated with late pulmonary complications. To this end, we developed a murine sepsis model using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) followed 3 wk later by administration of intranasal lipopolysaccharide to induce inflammatory lung injury. Mice surviving sepsis exhibit enhanced lung injury with increased alveolar permeability, neutrophil recruitment, and enhanced Ly6Chi monocyte Tnf expression. To determine the mediators of enhanced lung injury, we performed flow cytometry and RNA sequencing of lungs 3 wk after CLP, prior to lipopolysaccharide. Sepsis survivor mice showed expanded Ly6Chi monocytes populations and increased expression of many inflammatory genes. Of these, S100A8/A9 was also elevated in the circulation of human sepsis survivors for months after sepsis, validating our model and identifying S100A8/A9 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for long-term pulmonary complications after sepsis. These data provide new insight into the importance of enhanced/primed immune responses in survivors of sepsis and establish a foundation for additional investigation into the mechanisms mediating this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Denstaedt
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Angela C Bustamante
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Michael W Newstead
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Theodore J Standiford
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rachel L Zemans
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Benjamin H Singer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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