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Yao J, Li Z, Zhou Z, Bao A, Wang Z, Wei H, He H. Distinct regional vulnerability to Aβ and iron accumulation in post mortem AD brains. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 39175425 DOI: 10.1002/alz.14188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The paramagnetic iron, diamagnetic amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and their interaction are crucial in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, complicating non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging for prodromal AD detection. METHODS We used a state-of-the-art sub-voxel quantitative susceptibility mapping method to simultaneously measure Aβ and iron levels in post mortem human brains, validated by histology. Further transcriptomic analysis using Allen Human Brain Atlas elucidated the underlying biological processes. RESULTS Regional increased paramagnetic and diamagnetic susceptibility were observed in medial prefrontal, medial parietal, and para-hippocampal cortices associated with iron deposition (R = 0.836, p = 0.003) and Aβ accumulation (R = 0.853, p = 0.002) in AD brains. Higher levels of gene expression relating to cell cycle, post-translational protein modifications, and cellular response to stress were observed. DISCUSSION These findings provide quantitative insights into the variable vulnerability of cortical regions to higher levels of Aβ aggregation, iron overload, and subsequent neurodegeneration, indicating changes preceding clinical symptoms. HIGHLIGHTS The vulnerability of distinct brain regions to amyloid beta (Aβ) and iron accumulation varies. Histological validation was performed on stained sections of ex-vivo human brains. Regional variations in susceptibility were linked to gene expression profiles. Iron and Aβ levels in ex-vivo brains were simultaneously quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junye Yao
- Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenghao Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zihan Zhou
- Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Stanford University Graduate School of Education, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Aimin Bao
- National Human Brain Bank for Health and Disease, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Hongjiang Wei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjian He
- Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Ma Y, Jang H, Jerban S, Chang EY, Chung CB, Bydder GM, Du J. Making the invisible visible-ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance imaging: Technical developments and applications. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2022; 9:041303. [PMID: 36467869 PMCID: PMC9677812 DOI: 10.1063/5.0086459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses a large magnetic field and radio waves to generate images of tissues in the body. Conventional MRI techniques have been developed to image and quantify tissues and fluids with long transverse relaxation times (T2s), such as muscle, cartilage, liver, white matter, gray matter, spinal cord, and cerebrospinal fluid. However, the body also contains many tissues and tissue components such as the osteochondral junction, menisci, ligaments, tendons, bone, lung parenchyma, and myelin, which have short or ultrashort T2s. After radio frequency excitation, their transverse magnetizations typically decay to zero or near zero before the receiving mode is enabled for spatial encoding with conventional MR imaging. As a result, these tissues appear dark, and their MR properties are inaccessible. However, when ultrashort echo times (UTEs) are used, signals can be detected from these tissues before they decay to zero. This review summarizes recent technical developments in UTE MRI of tissues with short and ultrashort T2 relaxation times. A series of UTE MRI techniques for high-resolution morphological and quantitative imaging of these short-T2 tissues are discussed. Applications of UTE imaging in the musculoskeletal, nervous, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular systems of the body are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California 92037, USA
| | - Hyungseok Jang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California 92037, USA
| | - Saeed Jerban
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California 92037, USA
| | | | | | - Graeme M Bydder
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California 92037, USA
| | - Jiang Du
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: (858) 246-2248, Fax: (858) 246-2221
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Arihara N, Saito S, Sawaya R, Onishi R, Tsuji K, Ohki A, Ueda J, Morimoto-Ishiwaka D. Evaluation of liver T 1rho and T 2 values in acute liver inflammation models using 7T-MRI. Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 88:20-24. [PMID: 35091025 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We measured the T 1rho and T 2 values the liver of acute liver inflammation model mice administered carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4) after 3 days and 6 days after dispensed, and we compared and examined whether each relaxation time can be used for detect acute liver inflammation. METHODS To create an acute liver inflammation model, a mixture of 0.2 ml / 100 g of CCl 4 with an equal amount of Sesame Oil was administered once intraperitoneally to C57BL / 6JJmsSlc mice (n = 15). On the 3 days and 6 days after administration, we acquired T 1rho mapping images and T 2 mapping images of the liver under respiratory synchronization using for preclinical 7T-MRI, and we measured T 1rho and T 2 values and compared statistically. RESULTS The liver T 1rho value of control mice was 33.9 ± 2.5 ms before CCl 4 administration, 43.2 ± 4.9 ms (p < 0.01) on the 3 days post CCl 4 injection, and 41.0 ± 1.2 ms (p < 0.001) on the 6 days post CCl 4 injection. The rate showed a significant increase of 27% on the 3 days after, as well as significant increase of 21% on the 6 days after. On the other hand, the liver T 2 value of control mice was 26.7 ± 1.9 ms before CCl 4 administration, 31.5 ± 3.4 ms (p < 0.05) 3 days post CCl 4 injection, and 29.0 ± 2.0 ms (p = 0.06) 6 days post CCl4 injection. The rate 3 days after CCl 4 administration showed a significant increase of 18%, after 6 days rate increased 9%, but no significant difference was confirmed compared with normal mice. CONCLUSIONS The T 1rho value changed significantly compared to the T 2 value, and a continuous change was observed even after 6 days. T 1rho mapping can diagnose acute liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumi Arihara
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 560-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Saito
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 560-0871, Japan; Department of Biomedical Imaging, National Cardiovascular and Cerebral Research Center, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan.
| | - Reika Sawaya
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 560-0871, Japan
| | - Ryutarou Onishi
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 560-0871, Japan
| | - Keiho Tsuji
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 560-0871, Japan
| | - Akiko Ohki
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 560-0871, Japan; Department of Medical Technology, Kyoto University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junpei Ueda
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 560-0871, Japan; Department of Medical Technology, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Biomedical Imaging, National Cardiovascular and Cerebral Research Center, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
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Peng Y, Chang X, Lang M. Iron Homeostasis Disorder and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12442. [PMID: 34830326 PMCID: PMC8622469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential trace metal for almost all organisms, including human; however, oxidative stress can easily be caused when iron is in excess, producing toxicity to the human body due to its capability to be both an electron donor and an electron acceptor. Although there is a strict regulation mechanism for iron homeostasis in the human body and brain, it is usually inevitably disturbed by genetic and environmental factors, or disordered with aging, which leads to iron metabolism diseases, including many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is one of the most common degenerative diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) threatening human health. However, the precise pathogenesis of AD is still unclear, which seriously restricts the design of interventions and treatment drugs based on the pathogenesis of AD. Many studies have observed abnormal iron accumulation in different regions of the AD brain, resulting in cognitive, memory, motor and other nerve damages. Understanding the metabolic balance mechanism of iron in the brain is crucial for the treatment of AD, which would provide new cures for the disease. This paper reviews the recent progress in the relationship between iron and AD from the aspects of iron absorption in intestinal cells, storage and regulation of iron in cells and organs, especially for the regulation of iron homeostasis in the human brain and prospects the future directions for AD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Peng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; (Y.P.); (X.C.)
| | - Xuejiao Chang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; (Y.P.); (X.C.)
| | - Minglin Lang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; (Y.P.); (X.C.)
- College of Life Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
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Sodoma MJ, Cole RC, Sloan TJ, Hamilton CM, Kent JD, Magnotta VA, Voss MW. Hippocampal acidity and volume are differentially associated with spatial navigation in older adults. Neuroimage 2021; 245:118682. [PMID: 34728245 PMCID: PMC8867536 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is negatively affected by aging and is critical for spatial navigation. While there is evidence that wayfinding navigation tasks are especially sensitive to preclinical hippocampal deterioration, these studies have primarily used volumetric hippocampal imaging without considering microstructural properties or anatomical variation within the hippocampus. T1ρ is an MRI measure sensitive to regional pH, with longer relaxation rates reflecting acidosis as a marker of metabolic dysfunction and neuropathological burden. For the first time, we investigate how measures of wayfinding including landmark location learning and delayed memory in cognitively normal older adults (N = 84) relate to both hippocampal volume and T1ρ in the anterior and posterior hippocampus. Regression analyses revealed hippocampal volume was bilaterally related to learning, while right lateralized T1ρ was related to delayed landmark location memory and bilateral T1ρ was related to the delayed use of a cognitive map. Overall, results suggest hippocampal volume and T1ρ relaxation rate tap into distinct mechanisms involved in preclinical cognitive decline as assessed by wayfinding navigation, and laterality influenced these relationships more than the anterior-posterior longitudinal axis of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Sodoma
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Rachel C Cole
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Taylor J Sloan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Chase M Hamilton
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - James D Kent
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712 USA
| | - Vincent A Magnotta
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, UCA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Michelle W Voss
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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6
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Tissue characterization using R 1rho dispersion imaging at low locking fields. Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 84:1-11. [PMID: 34052306 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Measurements of the variations of spin-locking relaxation rates (R1ρ) with locking field amplitude allow the derivation of quantitative parameters that describe different dynamic processes, such as slow molecular motions, chemical exchange and diffusion. In some samples, changes in R1ρ values between locking frequency 0 and 200 Hz may be dominated mainly by diffusion of water in intrinsic field gradients, while those at higher locking fields are due to exchange processes. The exchange and diffusion effects act independently of each other, as confirmed by simulation and experimentally. In tissues, the relevant intrinsic field gradients may arise from the magnetic inhomogeneities caused by microvascular blood so that R1ρ dispersion over weak locking field amplitudes (≤ 200 Hz) is affected by changes in capillary density and geometry. Here we first review the theoretical and experimental background to the interpretation of R1ρ dispersions caused by intrinsic magnetic susceptibility variations within the tissue. We then provide new empirical results of R1ρ dispersion imaging of the human brain and skeletal muscle at low locking field amplitudes for the first time and identify potential applications of R1ρ dispersion imaging in clinical studies.
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Sogabe T, Ueda H, Ito Y, Taniguchi Y, Kobayashi T. Dependence of stimulus-induced rotary saturation on the direction of target oscillating magnetic fields: A phantom and simulation study. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2020; 321:106849. [PMID: 33128915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Several noninvasive techniques for the direct measurement of the neuronal activity using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have recently been reported. As a promising candidate, we focus on a spin-lock MRI sequence (i.e., stimulus-induced rotary saturation (SIRS)) directly measuring a tiny oscillating magnetic field. Previous phantom studies on SIRS have applied the target oscillating magnetic field parallel to the direction of the static magnetic field B0. However, in practice, the neuromagnetic fields are not always aligned in the same direction as in such a condition. This study investigates the MR signal changes during SIRS when the target magnetic field direction is not the same as that of the B0 field through both phantom experiments and Bloch simulations. The experimental results indicate that only the target magnetic field component along the B0 field affects the signal change, indicating that SIRS has partial sensitivity, even if the target magnetic fields are tilted from the B0 field. Furthermore, the simulation results show good agreements with the experimental results. These results clarify the sensitivity direction of SIRS-based fMRI and lead to the possibility that the direction of the generated neuromagnetic fields can be estimated, such that we can separate directional information from the other information contained in neuromagnetic fields (e.g., phase information).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Sogabe
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ueda
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ito
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yo Taniguchi
- Research & Development Group, Hitachi, Ltd., Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kobayashi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
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Shaffer JJ, Mani M, Schmitz SL, Xu J, Owusu N, Wu D, Magnotta VA, Wemmie JA. Proton Exchange Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Current and Future Applications in Psychiatric Research. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:532606. [PMID: 33192650 PMCID: PMC7542226 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.532606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton exchange provides a powerful contrast mechanism for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI techniques sensitive to proton exchange provide new opportunities to map, with high spatial and temporal resolution, compounds important for brain metabolism and function. Two such techniques, chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) and T1 relaxation in the rotating frame (T1ρ), are emerging as promising tools in the study of neurological and psychiatric illnesses to study brain metabolism. This review describes proton exchange for non-experts, highlights the current status of proton-exchange MRI, and presents advantages and drawbacks of these techniques compared to more traditional methods of imaging brain metabolism, including positron emission tomography (PET) and MR spectroscopy (MRS). Finally, this review highlights new frontiers for the use of CEST and T1ρ in brain research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Shaffer
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Merry Mani
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Samantha L Schmitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Nana Owusu
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Dee Wu
- Department of Radiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Vincent A Magnotta
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - John A Wemmie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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Gong NJ, Dibb R, Bulk M, van der Weerd L, Liu C. Imaging beta amyloid aggregation and iron accumulation in Alzheimer's disease using quantitative susceptibility mapping MRI. Neuroimage 2019; 191:176-185. [PMID: 30739060 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta amyloid is a protein fragment snipped from the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Aggregation of these peptides into amyloid plaques is one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. MR imaging of beta amyloid plaques has been attempted using various techniques, notably with T2* contrast. The non-invasive detectability of beta amyloid plaques in MR images has so far been largely attributed to focal iron deposition accompanying the plaques. It is believed that the T2* shortening effects of paramagnetic iron are the primary source of contrast between plaques and surrounding tissue. Amyloid plaque itself has been reported to induce no magnetic susceptibility effect. We hypothesized that aggregations of beta amyloid would increase electron density and induce notable changes in local susceptibility value, large enough to generate contrast relative to surrounding normal tissues that can be visualized by quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) MR imaging. To test this hypothesis, we first demonstrated in a phantom that beta amyloid is diamagnetic and can generate strong contrast on susceptibility maps. We then conducted experiments on a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease that is known to mimic the formation of human beta amyloid but without neurofibrillary tangles or neuronal death. Over a period of 18 months, we showed that QSM can be used to longitudinally monitor beta amyloid accumulation and accompanied iron deposition in vivo. Individual beta amyloid plaque can also be visualized ex vivo in high resolution susceptibility maps. Moreover, the measured negative susceptibility map and positive susceptibility map could provide histology-like image contrast for identifying deposition of beta amyloid plaques and iron. Finally, we demonstrated that the diamagnetic susceptibility of beta amyloid can also be observed in brain specimens of AD patients. The ability to assess beta amyloid aggregation non-invasively with QSM MR imaging may aid the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Jie Gong
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai, China.
| | - Russell Dibb
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Marjolein Bulk
- Department of Radiology & Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Louise van der Weerd
- Department of Radiology & Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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Chen Y, Lim P, Rogers KA, Rutt BK, Ronald JA. In Vivo MRI of Amyloid Plaques in a Cholesterol-Fed Rabbit Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 64:911-923. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-180207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Chen
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Patrick Lim
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kem A. Rogers
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Brian K. Rutt
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John A. Ronald
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
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Li RK, Ren XP, Yan FH, Qiang JW, Lin HM, Tao Wang, Zhao HF, Chen WB. Liver fibrosis detection and staging: a comparative study of T1ρ MR imaging and 2D real-time shear-wave elastography. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2018; 43:1713-1722. [PMID: 29198003 PMCID: PMC6061497 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-017-1381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To compare the results of T1ρ MR imaging and 2D real-time shear-wave elastography (SWE) for liver fibrosis detection and staging. Methods Twenty-nine rabbit models of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis were established and six untreated rabbits served as controls. T1ρ MR imaging and 2D real-time SWE examination were performed at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. T1ρ values and liver stiffness (LS) values were measured. Fibrosis was staged according to the METAVIR scoring system. Correlation test was performed among T1ρ values, LS values, and fibrosis stage. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed for assessing diagnostic performance of T1ρ and SWE in detection of no fibrosis (F0), substantial fibrosis (≥ F2), severe fibrosis (≥ F3), and cirrhosis (F4). Results There was moderate positive correlation between fibrosis stage and T1ρ values (r = 0.566; 95% CI 0.291–0.754; P < 0.0001), and LS value (r = 0.726; 95% CI 0.521–0.851; P = 0.003). T1ρ values showed moderate positive correlations with LS values [r = 0.693; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.472–0.832; P < 0.0001]. Areas Under ROC (AUROCs) were 0.861 (95% CI 0.705–0.953) for SWE and 0.856 (95% CI 0.698–0.950) for T1ρ (P = 0.940), 0.906 (95% CI 0.762–0.978) for SWE and 0.849 (95% CI 0.691–0.946) for T1ρ (P = 0.414), 0.870 (95% CI 0.716–0.958) for SWE and 0.799 (95% CI 0.632–0.913) for T1ρ (P = 0.422), and 0.846 (95% CI 0.687–0.944) for SWE and 0.692 (95% CI 0.517–0.835) for T1ρ (P = 0.137), when diagnosing liver fibrosis with ≥ F1, ≥ F2, ≥ F3, and F4, respectively. There was moderate positive correlation between inflammatory activity and T1ρ values (r = 0.520; 95% CI 0.158–0.807; P = 0.013). Conclusion T1ρ imaging has potential for liver fibrosis detection and staging with good diagnostic capability similar to that of ultrasonography elastography.
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Contrast-enhanced MR microscopy of amyloid plaques in five mouse models of amyloidosis and in human Alzheimer's disease brains. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4955. [PMID: 28694463 PMCID: PMC5504006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05285-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Gadolinium (Gd)-stained MRI is based on Gd contrast agent (CA) administration into the brain parenchyma. The strong signal increase induced by Gd CA can be converted into resolution enhancement to record microscopic MR images. Moreover, inhomogeneous distribution of the Gd CA in the brain improves the contrast between different tissues and provides new contrasts in MR images. Gd-stained MRI detects amyloid plaques, one of the microscopic lesions of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), in APPSL/PS1M146L mice or in primates. Numerous transgenic mice with various plaque typologies have been developed to mimic cerebral amyloidosis and comparison of plaque detection between animal models and humans with new imaging methods is a recurrent concern. Here, we investigated detection of amyloid plaques by Gd-stained MRI in five mouse models of amyloidosis (APPSL/PS1M146L, APP/PS1dE9, APP23, APPSwDI, and 3xTg) presenting with compact, diffuse and intracellular plaques as well as in post mortem human-AD brains. The brains were then evaluated by histology to investigate the impact of size, compactness, and iron load of amyloid plaques on their detection by MRI. We show that Gd-stained MRI allows detection of compact amyloid plaques as small as 25 µm, independently of their iron load, in mice as well as in human-AD brains.
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Dong H, Hwang SM, Wendland M, You L, Clarke J, Inglis B. Ultralow-field and spin-locking relaxation dispersion in postmortem pig brain. Magn Reson Med 2017; 78:2342-2351. [PMID: 28164366 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate tissue-specific differences, a quantitative comparison was made between relaxation dispersion in postmortem pig brain measured at ultralow fields (ULF) and spin locking at 7 tesla (T). The goal was to determine whether ULF-MRI has potential advantages for in vivo human brain imaging. METHODS Separate specimens of gray matter and white matter were investigated using an ULF-MRI system with superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) signal detection to measure T1ULF at fields from 58.7 to 235.0 μT and using a commercial MRI scanner to measure T1ρ7T at spin-locking fields from 5.0 to 235.0 μT. RESULTS At matched field strengths, T1ρ7T is 50 to 100% longer than T1ULF. Furthermore, dispersion in T1ULF is close to linear between 58.7 and 235 µT, whereas dispersion in T1ρ7T is highly nonlinear over the same range. A subtle elbow in the T1ULF dispersion at approximately 140 µT is tentatively attributed to the local dipolar field of macromolecules. It is suggested that different relaxation mechanisms dominate each method and that ULF-MRI has a fundamentally different sensitivity to the macromolecular structure of neural tissue. CONCLUSIONS Ultralow-field MRI may offer distinct, quantitative advantages for human brain imaging, while simultaneously avoiding the severe heating limitation imposed on high-field spin locking. Magn Reson Med 78:2342-2351, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Dong
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for ExcelleNce in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), Shanghai, China
| | - Seong-Min Hwang
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.,Center for Biosignals, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Wendland
- Berkeley Preclinical Imaging Core (BPIC) Facility, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Lixing You
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for ExcelleNce in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), Shanghai, China
| | - John Clarke
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Ben Inglis
- Henry H. Wheeler, Jr. Brain Imaging Center (BIC), University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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14
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Tafoya MA, Madi S, Sillerud LO. Superparamagnetic nanoparticle-enhanced MRI of Alzheimer's disease plaques and activated microglia in 3X transgenic mouse brains: Contrast optimization. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 46:574-588. [PMID: 27875002 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To optimize magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of antibody-conjugated superparamagnetic nanoparticles for detecting amyloid-β plaques and activated microglia in a 3X transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten 3X Tg mice were fed either chow or chow containing 100 ppm resveratrol. Four brains, selected from animals injected with either anti-amyloid targeted superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, or anti-Iba-1-conjugated FePt-nanoparticles, were excised, fixed with formalin, and placed in Fomblin for ex vivo MRI (11.7T) using multislice-multiecho, multiple gradient echo, rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement, and susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI). Aβ plaques and areas of neuroinflammation appeared as hypointense regions whose number, location, and Z-score were measured as a function of sequence type and echo time. RESULTS The MR contrast was due to the shortening of the transverse relaxation time of the plaque-adjacent tissue water. A theoretical analysis of this effect showed that the echo time was the primary determinant of plaque contrast and was used to optimize Z-scores. The Z-scores of the detected lesions varied from 21 to 34 as the echo times varied from 4 to 25 msec, with SWI providing the highest Z-score and number of detected lesions. Computation of the entire plaque and activated microglial distributions in 3D showed that resveratrol treatment led to a reduction of ∼24-fold of Aβ plaque density and ∼4-fold in microglial activation. CONCLUSION Optimized MRI of antibody-conjugated superparamagnetic nanoparticles served to reveal the 3D distributions of both Aβ plaques and activated microglia and to measure the effects of drug treatments in this 3X Tg model. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;46:574-588.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa A Tafoya
- UNM BRaIN Center, Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | | | - Laurel O Sillerud
- UNM BRaIN Center, Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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15
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Chu C, Zhou N, Zhang H, Dou X, Li M, Liu S, Zhu Y, Chen W, Chan Q, He J, Sun L, Zhou Z. Use of T1ρMR imaging in Sjögren's syndrome with normal appearing parotid glands: Initial findings. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 45:1005-1012. [PMID: 27726238 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the feasibility of parotid spin-lattice relaxation time in the rotating frame (T1ρ) MR imaging in the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) without morphological changes of the parotid glands. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study enrolled 32 consecutive SS patients without morphological changes of parotid glands and 32 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers who underwent parotid 3.0 Tesla MR imaging, including T1ρ sequences. Follow-up imaging was performed at 3 months. T1 signal intensities and T1ρ values of bilateral parotid glands were compared using paired samples t-test. Parotid T1 signal intensities and T1ρ values were compared using two independent samples t-test. Diagnostic performance of the parotid T1ρ values was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to evaluate the reproducibility of parotid T1ρ measurements. RESULTS There were no significant differences of T1 signal intensities and T1ρ values between bilateral parotid glands in SS patients and healthy volunteers (P = 0.170, 0.886 and 0.942, 0.229). The parotid T1ρ values of SS patients (96.47 ± 15.38 ms) were significantly higher than those of healthy volunteers (84.25 ± 6.11 ms) (P < 0.001), while there were no significant differences of T1 signal intensities between SS patients and healthy volunteers (P = 0.655). With a cutoff value of 88.02 ms, the sensitivity and specificity of the parotid T1ρ value was 75.0% and 100.0% in the diagnosis of SS. The reproducibility of parotid T1ρ measurement was excellent (ICC: 0.934-0.995). CONCLUSION Parotid T1ρ MR imaging held a potential role in diagnosing SS without morphological changes of parotid glands. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:1005-1012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Huayong Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Dou
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | - Jian He
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengyang Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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16
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Ali R, Goubran M, Choudhri O, Zeineh MM. Seven-Tesla MRI and neuroimaging biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. Neurosurg Focus 2016; 39:E4. [PMID: 26646928 DOI: 10.3171/2015.9.focus15326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this paper was to review the effectiveness of using 7-T MRI to study neuroimaging biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The authors reviewed the literature for articles published to date on the use of 7-T MRI to study AD. Thus far, there are 3 neuroimaging biomarkers for AD that have been studied using 7-T MRI in AD tissue: 1) neuroanatomical atrophy; 2) molecular characterization of hypointensities; and 3) microinfarcts. Seven-Tesla MRI has had mixed results when used to study the 3 aforementioned neuroimaging biomarkers for AD. First, in the detection of neuroanatomical atrophy, 7-T MRI has exciting potential. Historically, noninvasive imaging of neuroanatomical atrophy during AD has been limited by suboptimal resolution. However, now there is compelling evidence that the high resolution of 7-T MRI may help overcome this hurdle. Second, in detecting the characterization of hypointensities, 7-T MRI has had varied success. PET scans will most likely continue to lead in the noninvasive imaging of amyloid plaques; however, there is emerging evidence that 7-T MRI can accurately detect iron deposits within activated microglia, which may help shed light on the role of the immune system in AD pathogenesis. Finally, in the detection of microinfarcts, 7-T MRI may also play a promising role, which may help further elucidate the relationship between cerebrovascular health and AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maged Goubran
- Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | - Michael M Zeineh
- Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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17
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Spear JT, Gore JC. New insights into rotating frame relaxation at high field. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:1258-73. [PMID: 26866422 PMCID: PMC6935321 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of spin-lock relaxation rates in the rotating frame (R1ρ ) at high magnetic fields afford the ability to probe not only relatively slow molecular motions, but also other dynamic processes, such as chemical exchange and diffusion. In particular, measurements of the variation (or dispersion) of R1ρ with locking field allow the derivation of quantitative parameters that describe these processes. Measurements in deuterated solutions demonstrate the manner and degree to which exchange dominates relaxation at high fields (4.7 T, 7 T) in simple solutions, whereas temperature and pH are shown to be very influential factors affecting the rates of proton exchange. Simulations and experiments show that multiple exchanging pools of protons in realistic tissues can be assumed to behave independently of each other. R1ρ measurements can be combined to derive an exchange rate contrast (ERC) that produces images whose intensities emphasize protons with specific exchange rates rather than chemical shifts. In addition, water diffusion in the presence of intrinsic susceptibility gradients may produce significant effects on R1ρ dispersions at high fields. The exchange and diffusion effects act independently of each other, as confirmed by simulation and experimentally in studies of red blood cells at different levels of oxygenation. Collectively, R1ρ measurements provide an ability to quantify exchange processes, to provide images that depict protons with specific exchange rates and to describe the microstructure of tissues containing magnetic inhomogeneities. As such, they complement traditional T1 or T2 measurements and provide additional insights from measurements of R1ρ at a single locking field. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T. Spear
- Correspondence to: J. T. Spear, Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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18
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Schuenke P, Koehler C, Korzowski A, Windschuh J, Bachert P, Ladd ME, Mundiyanapurath S, Paech D, Bickelhaupt S, Bonekamp D, Schlemmer HP, Radbruch A, Zaiss M. Adiabatically prepared spin-lock approach for T1ρ-based dynamic glucose enhanced MRI at ultrahigh fields. Magn Reson Med 2016; 78:215-225. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Schuenke
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Division of Medical Physics in Radiology; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Christina Koehler
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Division of Radiology; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Andreas Korzowski
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Division of Medical Physics in Radiology; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Johannes Windschuh
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Division of Medical Physics in Radiology; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Division of Medical Physics in Radiology; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Mark E. Ladd
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Division of Medical Physics in Radiology; Heidelberg Germany
| | | | - Daniel Paech
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Division of Radiology; Heidelberg Germany
| | | | - David Bonekamp
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Division of Radiology; Heidelberg Germany
| | | | - Alexander Radbruch
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Division of Radiology; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Division of Medical Physics in Radiology; Heidelberg Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics; Tübingen Baden-Württemberg Germany
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19
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Kincses ZT, Király A, Veréb D, Vécsei L. Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging Markers of Alzheimer's Disease and Its Retranslation to Rodent Models. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 47:277-90. [PMID: 26401552 DOI: 10.3233/jad-143195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The importance of imaging biomarkers has been acknowledged in the diagnosis and in the follow-up of Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the major causes of dementia. Next to the molecular biomarkers and PET imaging investigations, structural MRI approaches provide important information about the disease progression and about the pathomechanism. Furthermore,a growing body of literature retranslates these imaging biomarkers to various rodent models of the disease. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the macro- and microstructural imaging biomarkers of AD, concentrating on atrophy measures and diffusion MRI alterations. A survey is also given of the imaging approaches used in rodent models of dementias that can promote drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsigmond Tamas Kincses
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - András Király
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dániel Veréb
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
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20
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Eisenmenger LB, Huo EJ, Hoffman JM, Minoshima S, Matesan MC, Lewis DH, Lopresti BJ, Mathis CA, Okonkwo DO, Mountz JM. Advances in PET Imaging of Degenerative, Cerebrovascular, and Traumatic Causes of Dementia. Semin Nucl Med 2016; 46:57-87. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Zhao F, Yuan J, Lu G, Zhang LH, Chen ZY, Wáng YXJ. T1ρ relaxation time in brain regions increases with ageing: an experimental MRI observation in rats. Br J Radiol 2015; 89:20140704. [PMID: 26529226 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20140704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE T1ρ variation is associated with neurodegenerative diseases. This study aims to observe T1ρ relaxation time changes in rat brains associated with normal ageing in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertension rats (SHRs). METHODS 18 male SD rats, 11 male WKY rats and 11 male SHRs were used. T1ρ measurement was performed at 3-T MR with a spin-lock frequency of 500 Hz. SD rats were scanned at the ages of 5, 8, 10 and 15 months. SHRs and WKY rats were scanned at the ages of 6, 9 and 12 months. RESULTS For SD rats, T1ρ at the thalamus, hippocampus and frontal cortices increased significantly from 5 to 15 months (p < 0.05). For the WKY rats and SHRs, the T1ρ values in the thalamus, hippocampus and frontal cortices also increased significantly from 6 to 12 months (p < 0.05). Furthermore, T1ρ in the thalamus, hippocampus and frontal cortices of SHRs were consistently higher than those of WKY rats at the ages of 6, 9 and 12 months (p < 0.05). The percentage regional T1ρ differences between WKY rats and SHRs did not change during ageing. CONCLUSION An increase in T1ρ was associated with age-related changes of the rat brain. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE An age-related and hypertension-related T1ρ increase in rat brain regions was observed in the thalamus, hippocampus and frontal cortical regions of the rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jing Yuan
- 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong.,2 Medical Physics and Research Department, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - Gang Lu
- 3 Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Li H Zhang
- 4 School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Zhi Y Chen
- 5 Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yì-Xiáng J Wáng
- 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
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22
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Gonyea JV, Watts R, Applebee A, Andrews T, Hipko S, Nickerson JP, Thornton L, Filippi CG. In vivo quantitative whole‐brain T
1
rho MRI of multiple sclerosis. J Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 42:1623-30. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jay V. Gonyea
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineBurlington Vermont USA
| | - Richard Watts
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineBurlington Vermont USA
| | - Angela Applebee
- Department of Neurological SciencesUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineBurlington Vermont USA
| | - Trevor Andrews
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineBurlington Vermont USA
- Philips HealthTechCleveland Ohio USA
| | - Scott Hipko
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineBurlington Vermont USA
| | - Joshua P. Nickerson
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineBurlington Vermont USA
| | - Lindsay Thornton
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesville Florida USA
| | - Christopher G. Filippi
- Department of Neurological SciencesUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineBurlington Vermont USA
- Department of RadiologyNorth Shore University Hospital‐Long Island JewishNew York New York USA
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23
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Wassef SN, Wemmie J, Johnson CP, Johnson H, Paulsen JS, Long JD, Magnotta VA. T1ρ imaging in premanifest Huntington disease reveals changes associated with disease progression. Mov Disord 2015; 30:1107-14. [PMID: 25820773 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imaging biomarkers sensitive to Huntington's disease (HD) during the premanifest phase preceding motor diagnosis may accelerate identification and evaluation of potential therapies. For this purpose, quantitative MRI sensitive to tissue microstructure and metabolism may hold great potential. We investigated the potential value of T1ρ relaxation to detect pathological changes in premanifest HD (preHD) relative to other quantitative relaxation parameters. METHODS Quantitative MR parametric mapping was used to assess differences between 50 preHD subjects and 26 age- and sex-matched controls. Subjects with preHD were classified into two progression groups based on their CAG-age product (CAP) score; a high and a low/moderate CAP group. Voxel-wise and region-of-interest analyses were used to assess changes in the quantitative relaxation times. RESULTS T1ρ showed a significant increase in the relaxation times in the high-CAP group, as compared to controls, largely in the striatum. The T1ρ changes in the preHD subjects showed a significant relationship with CAP score. No significant changes in T2 or T2* relaxation times were found in the striatum. T2* relaxation changes were found in the globus pallidus, but no significant changes with disease progression were found. CONCLUSION These data suggest that quantitative T1ρ mapping may provide a useful marker for assessing disease progression in HD. The absence of T2 changes suggests that the T1ρ abnormalities are unlikely owing to altered water content or tissue structure. The established sensitivity of T1ρ to pH and glucose suggests that these factors are altered in HD perhaps owing to abnormal mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafik N Wassef
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,SINAPSE, Iowa Neuroimaging Consortium, Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - John Wemmie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Veterans Affairs Hospital Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Casey P Johnson
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Hans Johnson
- SINAPSE, Iowa Neuroimaging Consortium, Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jane S Paulsen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Long
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Vincent A Magnotta
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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24
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Haris M, Yadav SK, Rizwan A, Singh A, Cai K, Kaura D, Wang E, Davatzikos C, Trojanowski JQ, Melhem ER, Marincola FM, Borthakur A. T1rho MRI and CSF biomarkers in diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2015; 7:598-604. [PMID: 25844314 PMCID: PMC4375645 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, we have evaluated the performance of magnetic resonance (MR) T1rho (T1ρ) imaging and CSF biomarkers (T-tau, P-tau and Aβ-42) in characterization of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and control subjects. With informed consent, AD (n = 27), MCI (n = 17) and control (n = 17) subjects underwent a standardized clinical assessment and brain MRI on a 1.5-T clinical-scanner. T1ρ images were obtained at four different spin-lock pulse duration (10, 20, 30 and 40 ms). T1ρ maps were generated by pixel-wise fitting of signal intensity as a function of the spin-lock pulse duration. T1ρ values from gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) of medial temporal lobe were calculated. The binary logistic regression using T1ρ and CSF biomarkers as variables was performed to classify each group. T1ρ was able to predict 77.3% controls and 40.0% MCI while CSF biomarkers predicted 81.8% controls and 46.7% MCI. T1ρ and CSF biomarkers in combination predicted 86.4% controls and 66.7% MCI. When comparing controls with AD, T1ρ predicted 68.2% controls and 73.9% AD, while CSF biomarkers predicted 77.3% controls and 78.3% for AD. Combination of T1ρ and CSF biomarkers improved the prediction rate to 81.8% for controls and 82.6% for AD. Similarly, on comparing MCI with AD, T1ρ predicted 35.3% MCI and 81.9% AD, whereas CSF biomarkers predicted 53.3% MCI and 83.0% AD. Collectively CSF biomarkers and T1ρ were able to predict 59.3% MCI and 84.6% AD. On receiver operating characteristic analysis T1ρ showed higher sensitivity while CSF biomarkers showed greater specificity in delineating MCI and AD from controls. No significant correlation between T1ρ and CSF biomarkers, between T1ρ and age, and between CSF biomarkers and age was observed. The combined use of T1ρ and CSF biomarkers have promise to improve the early and specific diagnosis of AD. Furthermore, disease progression form MCI to AD might be easily tracked using these two parameters in combination. Increased T1rho was observed in MCI and AD compared to controls. Increased T-tau and P-tau and decreased Aβ1-42 were observed in MCI and AD. Combined biomarkers have promise to improve early and specific diagnosis of AD. MCI to AD progression might be tracked using these two biomarkers in combination.
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Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- Alzheimer's disease
- Aβ1-42, amyloid beta 42
- CSF biomarkers
- CSF, cerebrospinal fluid
- FOV, field of view
- GM, gray matter
- MCI, mild cognitive impairment
- MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination
- MPRAGE, magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient-echo
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- MTL, medial temporal lobe
- Medial temporal lobe
- Mild cognitive impairment
- PET, positron emission tomography
- ROC, receiver operating characteristic.
- T-tau, total tau
- T1rho
- T1ρ, T1rho
- TE, echo time
- TI, inversion time
- TR, repetition time
- TSL, total spin lock
- WM, white matter
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Haris
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar ; Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Santosh K Yadav
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arshi Rizwan
- All India Institute of Medical Science, Ansari Nagar East, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Anup Singh
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA ; Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Kejia Cai
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA ; Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Radiology Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Deepak Kaura
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ena Wang
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Section of Biomedical Image Analysis, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology & Lab Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elias R Melhem
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Arijitt Borthakur
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Adlard PA, Tran BA, Finkelstein DI, Desmond PM, Johnston LA, Bush AI, Egan GF. A review of β-amyloid neuroimaging in Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:327. [PMID: 25400539 PMCID: PMC4215612 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide. As advancing age is the greatest risk factor for developing AD, the number of those afflicted is expected to increase markedly with the aging of the world's population. The inability to definitively diagnose AD until autopsy remains an impediment to establishing effective targeted treatments. Neuroimaging has enabled in vivo visualization of pathological changes in the brain associated with the disease, providing a greater understanding of its pathophysiological development and progression. However, neuroimaging biomarkers do not yet offer clear advantages over current clinical diagnostic criteria for them to be accepted into routine clinical use. Nonetheless, current insights from neuroimaging combined with the elucidation of biochemical and molecular processes in AD are informing the ongoing development of new imaging techniques and their application. Much of this research has been greatly assisted by the availability of transgenic mouse models of AD. In this review we summarize the main efforts of neuroimaging in AD in humans and in mouse models, with a specific focus on β-amyloid, and discuss the potential of new applications and novel approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Adlard
- Division of Mental Health, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Bob A. Tran
- Department of Radiology, University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David I. Finkelstein
- Division of Mental Health, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Patricia M. Desmond
- Department of Radiology, University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Radiology, The Royal Melbourne HospitalParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Leigh A. Johnston
- Division of Mental Health, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashley I. Bush
- Division of Mental Health, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Gary F. Egan
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia
- School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia
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26
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Takayama Y, Nishie A, Asayama Y, Ushijima Y, Okamoto D, Fujita N, Morita K, Shirabe K, Kotoh K, Kubo Y, Okuaki T, Honda H. T1ρ Relaxation of the liver: A potential biomarker of liver function. J Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 42:188-95. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yukihisa Takayama
- Department of Radiology Informatics and Network; Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Akihiro Nishie
- Department of Clinical Radiology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yoshiki Asayama
- Department of Clinical Radiology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ushijima
- Department of Clinical Radiology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Daisuke Okamoto
- Department of Clinical Radiology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Fujita
- Department of Clinical Radiology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Koichiro Morita
- Department of Clinical Radiology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Department of Surgery and Science; Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University; 3-1-1 Fukuoka Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kotoh
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science; Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yuichiro Kubo
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pathological Sciences; Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Honda
- Department of Clinical Radiology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
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27
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Solberg NO, Chamberlin R, Vigil JR, Deck LM, Heidrich JE, Brown DC, Brady CI, Vander Jagt TA, Garwood M, Bisoffi M, Severns V, Vander Jagt DL, Sillerud LO. Optical and SPION-enhanced MR imaging shows that trans-stilbene inhibitors of NF-κB concomitantly lower Alzheimer's disease plaque formation and microglial activation in AβPP/PS-1 transgenic mouse brain. J Alzheimers Dis 2014; 40:191-212. [PMID: 24413613 PMCID: PMC4407807 DOI: 10.3233/jad-131031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with a microglia-dependent neuroinflammatory response against plaques containing the fibrous protein amyloid-β (Aβ). Activation of microglia, which closely associate with Aβ plaques, engenders the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the internalization of Aβ fibrils. Since the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB is one of the major regulators of Aβ-induced inflammation, we treated transgenic amyloid-β protein protein/presenilin-1 (AβPP/PS1) mice for one year with a low dose (0.01% by weight in the diet) of either of two trans-stilbene NF-κB inhibitors, resveratrol or a synthetic analog LD55. The 3D distribution of Aβ plaques was measured ex vivo in intact brains at 60 μm resolution by quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using blood-brain barrier-permeable, anti-AβPP-conjugated superparamagentic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). The MRI measurements were confirmed by optical microscopy of thioflavin-stained brain tissue sections and indicated that supplementation with either of the two trans-stilbenes lowered Aβ plaque density in the cortex, caudoputamen, and hippocampus by 1.4 to 2-fold. The optical measurements also included the hippocampus and indicated that resveratrol and LD55 reduced average Aβ plaque density by 2.3-fold and 3.1-fold, respectively. Ex vivo measurements of the regional distribution of microglial activation by Iba-1 immunofluorescence of brain tissue sections showed that resveratrol and LD55 reduced average microglial activation by 4.2- fold and 3.5-fold, respectively. Since LD55 lacked hydroxyl groups but both resveratrol and LD55 concomitantly reduced both Aβ plaque burden and neuroinflammation to a similar extent, it appears that the antioxidant potential of resveratrol is not an important factor in plaque reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan O. Solberg
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Ryan Chamberlin
- The Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jenette R. Vigil
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Lorraine M. Deck
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - David C. Brown
- Departments of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Christina I. Brady
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Michael Garwood
- The Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Marco Bisoffi
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Virginia Severns
- Departments of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - David L. Vander Jagt
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Quatros LLC, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Laurel O. Sillerud
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Watts R, Andrews T, Hipko S, Gonyea JV, Filippi CG. In vivo whole-brain T1-rho mapping across adulthood: Normative values and age dependence. J Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 40:376-82. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Watts
- UVM MRI Center for Biomedical Imaging; University of Vermont College of Medicine; Burlington Vermont USA
- Department of Radiology; Fletcher-Allen Healthcare; Burlington Vermont USA
| | - Trevor Andrews
- UVM MRI Center for Biomedical Imaging; University of Vermont College of Medicine; Burlington Vermont USA
- Department of Radiology; Fletcher-Allen Healthcare; Burlington Vermont USA
- Philips Healthcare; Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - Scott Hipko
- UVM MRI Center for Biomedical Imaging; University of Vermont College of Medicine; Burlington Vermont USA
| | - Jay V. Gonyea
- UVM MRI Center for Biomedical Imaging; University of Vermont College of Medicine; Burlington Vermont USA
| | - Christopher G. Filippi
- UVM MRI Center for Biomedical Imaging; University of Vermont College of Medicine; Burlington Vermont USA
- Department of Radiology; Fletcher-Allen Healthcare; Burlington Vermont USA
- Department of Neurology; Fletcher-Allen Healthcare; Burlington Vermont USA
- Department of Radiology; Columbia University Medical Center; New York USA
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29
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Sillerud LO, Solberg NO, Chamberlain R, Orlando RA, Heidrich JE, Brown DC, Brady CI, Vander Jagt TA, Garwood M, Vander Jagt DL. SPION-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of Alzheimer's disease plaques in AβPP/PS-1 transgenic mouse brain. J Alzheimers Dis 2013; 34:349-65. [PMID: 23229079 DOI: 10.3233/jad-121171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In our program to develop non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we have synthesized antibody-conjugated, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for use as an in vivo agent for MRI detection of amyloid-β plaques in AD. Here we report studies in AβPP/PS1 transgenic mice, which demonstrate the ability of novel anti-AβPP conjugated SPIONs to penetrate the blood-brain barrier to act as a contrast agent for MR imaging of plaques. The conspicuity of the plaques increased from an average Z-score of 5.1 ± 0.5 to 8.3 ± 0.2 when the plaque contrast to noise ratio was compared in control AD mice with AD mice treated with SPIONs. The number of MRI-visible plaques per brain increased from 347 ± 45 in the control AD mice, to 668 ± 86 in the SPION treated mice. These results indicated that our SPION enhanced amyloid-β detection method delivers an efficacious, non-invasive MRI detection method in transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel O Sillerud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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30
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Ellermann J, Ling W, Nissi MJ, Arendt E, Carlson CS, Garwood M, Michaeli S, Mangia S. MRI rotating frame relaxation measurements for articular cartilage assessment. Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 31:1537-43. [PMID: 23993794 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present work we introduced two MRI rotating frame relaxation methods, namely adiabatic T1ρ and Relaxation Along a Fictitious Field (RAFF), along with an inversion-prepared Magnetization Transfer (MT) protocol for assessment of articular cartilage. Given the inherent sensitivity of rotating frame relaxation methods to slow molecular motions that are relevant in cartilage, we hypothesized that adiabatic T1ρ and RAFF would have higher sensitivity to articular cartilage degradation as compared to laboratory frame T2 and MT. To test this hypothesis, a proteoglycan depletion model was used. Relaxation time measurements were performed at 0 and 48h in 10 bovine patellar specimens, 5 of which were treated with trypsin and 5 untreated controls were stored under identical conditions in isotonic saline for 48h. Relaxation times measured at 48h were longer than those measured at 0h in both groups. The changes in T2 and MT relaxation times after 48h were approximately 3 times larger in the trypsin treated specimens as compared to the untreated group, whereas increases of adiabatic T1ρ and RAFF were 4 to 5 fold larger. Overall, these findings demonstrate a higher sensitivity of adiabatic T1ρ and RAFF to the trypsin-induced changes in bovine patellar cartilage as compared to the commonly used T2 and MT. Since adiabatic T1ρ and RAFF are advantageous for human applications as compared to standard continuous-wave T1ρ methods, adiabatic T1ρ and RAFF are promising tools for assessing cartilage degradation in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Ellermann
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
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31
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Sabbagh JJ, Kinney JW, Cummings JL. Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in animal models: closing the translational gap. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE 2013; 2:108-120. [PMID: 23844335 PMCID: PMC3703123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The rising prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is rapidly becoming one of the largest health and economic challenges in the world. There is a growing need for the development and implementation of reliable biomarkers for AD that can be used to assist in diagnosis, inform disease progression, and monitor therapeutic efficacy. Preclinical models permit the evaluation of candidate biomarkers and assessment of pipeline agents before clinical trials are initiated and provide a translational opportunity to advance biomarker discovery. Fast and inexpensive data can be obtained from examination of peripheral markers, though they currently lack the sensitivity and consistency of imaging techniques such as MRI or PET. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in animal models can assist in development and implementation of similar approaches in clinical populations. These biomarkers may also be invaluable in decisions to advance a treatment to human testing. Longitudinal studies in AD models can determine initial presentation and progression of biomarkers that may also be used to evaluate disease-modifying efficacy of drugs. The refinement of biomarker approaches in preclinical systems will not only aid in drug development, but may facilitate diagnosis and disease monitoring in AD patients.
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32
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Alzheimer's disease biomarkers: correspondence between human studies and animal models. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 56:116-30. [PMID: 23631871 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents an escalating global threat as life expectancy and disease prevalence continue to increase. There is a considerable need for earlier diagnoses to improve clinical outcomes. Fluid biomarkers measured from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood, or imaging biomarkers have considerable potential to assist in the diagnosis and management of AD. An additional important utility of biomarkers is in novel therapeutic development and clinical trials to assess efficacy and side effects of therapeutic interventions. Because many biomarkers are initially examined in animal models, the extent to which markers translate from animals to humans is an important issue. The current review highlights many existing and pipeline biomarker approaches, focusing on the degree of correspondence between AD patients and animal models. The review also highlights the need for greater translational correspondence between human and animal biomarkers.
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33
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Jin T, Kim SG. Characterization of non-hemodynamic functional signal measured by spin-lock fMRI. Neuroimage 2013; 78:385-95. [PMID: 23618601 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Current functional MRI techniques measure hemodynamic changes induced by neural activity. Alternative measurement of signals originated from tissue is desirable and may be achieved using T1ρ, the spin-lattice relaxation time in the rotating-frame, which is measured by spin-lock MRI. Functional T1ρ changes in the brain can have contributions from vascular dilation, tissue acidosis, and potentially other contributions. When the blood contributions were suppressed with a contrast agent at 9.4 T, a small tissue-originated T1ρ change was consistently observed at the middle cortical layers of cat visual cortex during visual stimulation, which had different dynamic characteristics compared to hemodynamic fMRI such as a faster response and no post-stimulus undershoot. Functional tissue T1ρ is highly dependent on the magnetic field strength and experimental parameters such as the power of the spin-locking pulse. With a 500Hz spin-locking pulse, the tissue T1ρ without the blood contribution increased during visual stimulation, but decreased during acidosis-inducing hypercapnia and global ischemia, indicating different signal origins. Phantom studies suggest that it may have contribution from concentration decrease in metabolites. Even though the sensitivity is much weaker than BOLD and its exact interpretation needs further investigation, our results show that non-hemodynamic functional signal can be consistently observed by spin-lock fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jin
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA.
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34
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Spencer NG, Bridges LR, Elderfield K, Amir K, Austen B, Howe FA. Quantitative evaluation of MRI and histological characteristics of the 5xFAD Alzheimer mouse brain. Neuroimage 2013; 76:108-15. [PMID: 23507393 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaque load in Alzheimer's disease by MRI would provide an important biomarker to monitor disease progression or treatment response. Alterations in tissue structure caused by the presence of Aβ may cause localised changes that can be detected by quantitative T₁ and T₂ relaxation time measurements averaged over larger areas of tissue than that of individual plaques. We constructed depth profiles of the T₁ and T₂ relaxation times of the cerebral cortex with subjacent white matter and hippocampus in six 5xFAD transgenic and six control mice at 11 months of age. We registered these profiles with corresponding profiles of three immunohistochemical markers: β-amyloid; neuron-specific nuclear protein (NeuN), a marker of neuronal cell load; and myelin basic protein (MBP), a marker of myelin load. We found lower T₁ in the 5xFAD transgenic mice compared to wild type control mice at all depths, with maximum sensitivity for detection at specific layers. T₁ negatively correlated with Aβ staining intensity in the 5xFAD mice which had no changes in NeuN and MBP staining compared to wild type mice. We postulate that these relaxation time changes are due to the presence of β-amyloid in the transgenic mice. It may be clinically feasible to develop a similar layered analysis protocol as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Spencer
- Basic Medical Sciences, St. George's University, London, SW17 0RE, UK.
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35
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Vithanarachchi SM, Allen MJ. A multimodal, β-amyloid-targeted contrast agent. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:4148-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36583a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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36
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Zhang L, Chang RCC, Chu LW, Mak HKF. Current neuroimaging techniques in Alzheimer's disease and applications in animal models. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2012; 2:386-404. [PMID: 23133824 PMCID: PMC3477739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
With Alzheimer's disease (AD) quickly becoming the most costly disease to society, and with no disease-modifying treatment currently, prevention and early detection have become key points in AD research. Important features within this research focus on understanding disease pathology, as well as finding biomarkers that can act as early indicators and trackers of disease progression or potential treatment. With the advances in neuroimaging technology and the development of new imaging techniques, the search for cheap, noninvasive, sensitive biomarkers becomes more accessible. Modern neuroimaging techniques are able to cover most aspects of disease pathology, including visualization of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, cortical atrophy, neuronal loss, vascular damage, and changes in brain biochemistry. These methods can provide complementary information, resulting in an overall picture of AD. Additionally, applying neuroimaging to animal models of AD could bring about greater understanding in disease etiology and experimental treatments whilst remaining in vivo. In this review, we present the current neuroimaging techniques used in AD research in both their human and animal applications, and discuss how this fits in to the overall goal of understanding AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Hong Kong HKSAR
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37
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Yuan J, Zhao F, Chan Q, Wang YXJ. Observation of bi-exponential T(1ρ) relaxation of in-vivo rat muscles at 3T. Acta Radiol 2012; 53:675-81. [PMID: 22761346 DOI: 10.1258/ar.2012.120108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spin-lattice relaxation in the rotating frame, or T(1ρ) relaxation, is normally described by a mono-exponential decay model. However, compartmentation of tissues and microscopic molecular exchange may lead to bi-exponential or multi-exponential T(1ρ) relaxation behavior in certain tissues under the application of spin lock pulse field strength. PURPOSE To investigate the presence of bi-exponential T(1ρ) relaxations in in-vivo rat head tissues of brain and muscle. MATERIAL AND METHODS Five Sprague-Dawley rats underwent T(1ρ) imaging at 3T. A B(1)-insensitive rotary echo spin lock pulse was used for T(1ρ) preparation with a spin lock frequency of 500Hz. Twenty-five T(1ρ)-weighted images with spin lock times ranging from 1 to 60 ms were acquired using a 3D spoiled gradient echo sequence. Image intensities over different spin lock times were fitted using mono-exponential as well as bi-exponential models both on region-of-interest basis and pixel-by-pixel basis. F-test with a significance level P value of 0.01 was used to evaluate whether bi-exponential model gave a better fitting than mono-exponential model. RESULTS In rat brains, only mono-exponential but no apparent bi-exponential T(1ρ) relaxation (~70-71 ms) was found. In contrast, bi-exponential T(1ρ) relaxation was observed in muscles of all five rats (P < 10(-4)). A longer and a shorter T(1ρ) relaxation component were extracted to be ~37- ~41 ms (a fraction of ~80- ~88%) and ~9- ~11 ms (~12-20%), compared to the normal single T(1ρ) relaxation of ~30- ~33 ms. CONCLUSION Bi-exponential relaxation components were detected in rat muscles. The long and the short T(1ρ) relaxation component are thought to correspond to the restricted intracellular water population and the hydrogen exchange between amine and hydroxyl groups, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yuan
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Queenie Chan
- Philips Healthcare, Philips Electronics Hong Kong Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi-Xiang J Wang
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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Yuan J, Zhao F, Griffith JF, Chan Q, Wang YXJ. Optimized efficient liverT1ρmapping using limited spin lock times. Phys Med Biol 2012; 57:1631-40. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/57/6/1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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39
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Wadghiri YZ, Hoang DM, Wisniewski T, Sigurdsson EM. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of amyloid-β plaques in mice. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 849:435-51. [PMID: 22528108 PMCID: PMC3555565 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-551-0_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic mice are used increasingly to model brain amyloidosis, mimicking the pathogenic processes involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this chapter, an in vivo strategy is described that has been successfully used to map amyloid-β deposits in transgenic mouse models of AD with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), utilizing both the endogenous contrast induced by the plaques attributed to their iron content and by selectively enhancing the signal from amyloid-β plaques using molecular-targeting vectors labeled with MRI contrast agents. To obtain sufficient spatial resolution for effective and sensitive mouse brain imaging, magnetic fields of 7-Tesla (T) or more are required. These are higher than the 1.5-T field strength routinely used for human brain imaging. The higher magnetic fields affect contrast agent efficiency and dictate the choice of pulse sequence parameters for in vivo MRI, all addressed in this chapter. Two-dimensional (2D) multi-slice and three-dimensional (3D) MRI acquisitions are described and their advantages and limitations are discussed. The experimental setup required for mouse brain imaging is explained in detail, including anesthesia, immobilization of the mouse's head to reduce motion artifacts, and anatomical landmarks to use for the slice alignment procedure to improve image co-registration during longitudinal studies and for subsequent matching of MRI with histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Zaim Wadghiri
- Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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40
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Sirlin CB. Science to practice: Can T1rho imaging be used to diagnose and assess the severity of hepatic fibrosis? Radiology 2011; 259:619-20. [PMID: 21602499 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.11110547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claude B Sirlin
- Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California, 408 Dickinson St, San Diego, CA 92103-8226, USA.
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Qin Y, Zhu W, Zhan C, Zhao L, Wang J, Tian Q, Wang W. Investigation on positive correlation of increased brain iron deposition with cognitive impairment in Alzheimer disease by using quantitative MR R2′ mapping. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 31:578. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-011-0493-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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42
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Richards K, Watson C, Buckley RF, Kurniawan ND, Yang Z, Keller MD, Beare R, Bartlett PF, Egan GF, Galloway GJ, Paxinos G, Petrou S, Reutens DC. Segmentation of the mouse hippocampal formation in magnetic resonance images. Neuroimage 2011; 58:732-40. [PMID: 21704710 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 05/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampal formation plays an important role in cognition, spatial navigation, learning, and memory. High resolution magnetic resonance (MR) imaging makes it possible to study in vivo changes in the hippocampus over time and is useful for comparing hippocampal volume and structure in wild type and mutant mice. Such comparisons demand a reliable way to segment the hippocampal formation. We have developed a method for the systematic segmentation of the hippocampal formation using the perfusion-fixed C57BL/6 mouse brain for application in longitudinal and comparative studies. Our aim was to develop a guide for segmenting over 40 structures in an adult mouse brain using 30 μm isotropic resolution images acquired with a 16.4 T MR imaging system and combined using super-resolution reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Richards
- The Australian Mouse Brain Mapping Consortium, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Wang YXJ, Yuan J, Chu ESH, Go MYY, Huang H, Ahuja AT, Sung JJY, Yu J. T1rho MR imaging is sensitive to evaluate liver fibrosis: an experimental study in a rat biliary duct ligation model. Radiology 2011; 259:712-9. [PMID: 21436087 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.11101638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To correlate spin-lattice relaxation time in the rotating frame (T1ρ) measurements with degree of liver fibrosis in a rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The protocols and procedures were approved by the local Animal Experimentation Ethics Committee. Liver fibrosis was induced with biliary duct ligation (BDL). Two studies, 1 month apart, were performed with a 3-T clinical imager. The first study involved longitudinal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging follow-up of BDL rats (n = 8) and control rats (n = 4) on days 8, 15, 21, and 29 after BDL. The second study involved MR imaging of another group of BDL and control rats (n = 5 for each) on days 24 and 38 after BDL. Hematoxylin-eosin and picrosirius red staining were performed in liver specimens from days 8, 15, 24, and 38 after BDL. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used, and treatment groups were compared (Bonferroni adjustment). RESULTS On day 8, there were proliferation of bile duct and inflammatory cell infiltration around portal triads. While there was overlap, BDL rats (n = 8) demonstrated higher mean liver T1ρ values than did control rats (n = 4) on day 8 (46.7 msec ± 2.9 [standard deviation] vs 44.7 msec ± 1.2, P = .4). On day 15, BDL rats demonstrated liver fibrosis with a background of inflammatory infiltration. On day 15, mean T1ρ values in BDL rats could be largely separated from those in control rats (52.6 msec ± 6.0 vs 43.8 msec ± 1.5, P = .02). On day 24, BDL rats had liver T1ρ values 23.5% higher than in control rats (n = 5 for each group, P = .0007). Histomorphometric analysis showed that collagen content increased after surgery from days 8 to 24 (n = 6 for each group, P < .0001), with no further increase between days 24 and 38 (n = 6 for each group, P >.99). CONCLUSION In this model, liver fibrosis was detected with T1ρ MR imaging; the degree of fibrosis was correlated with degree of increase in T1ρ measurements. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL http://radiology.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/radiol.11101638/-/DC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xiang J Wang
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Chamberlain R, Wengenack TM, Poduslo JF, Garwood M, Jack CR. Magnetic resonance imaging of amyloid plaques in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Curr Med Imaging 2011; 7:3-7. [PMID: 21499442 DOI: 10.2174/157340511794653522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A major objective in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease is amyloid plaque reduction. Transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease provide a controlled and consistent environment for studying amyloid plaque deposition in Alzheimer's disease. Magnetic resonance imaging is an attractive tool for longitudinal studies because it offers non-invasive monitoring of amyloid plaques. Recent studies have demonstrated the ability of magnetic resonance imaging to detect individual plaques in living mice. This review discusses the mouse models, MR pulse sequences, and parameters that have been used to image plaques and how they can be optimized for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Chamberlain
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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45
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Yang J, Wadghiri YZ, Hoang DM, Tsui W, Sun Y, Chung E, Li Y, Wang A, de Leon M, Wisniewski T. Detection of amyloid plaques targeted by USPIO-Aβ1-42 in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice using magnetic resonance microimaging. Neuroimage 2011; 55:1600-9. [PMID: 21255656 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 01/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid plaques are one of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The visualization of amyloid plaques in the brain is important to monitor AD progression and to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Our group has developed several contrast agents to detect amyloid plaques in vivo using magnetic resonance microimaging (μMRI) in AD transgenic mice, where we used intra-carotid mannitol to enhance blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. In the present study, we used ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles, chemically coupled with Aβ1-42 peptide to detect amyloid deposition along with mannitol for in vivo μMRI by femoral intravenous injection. A 3D gradient multi-echo sequence was used for imaging with a 100μm isotropic resolution. The amyloid plaques detected by T2*-weighted μMRI were confirmed with matched histological sections. Furthermore, two different quantitative analyses were used. The region of interest-based quantitative measurement of T2* values showed contrast-injected APP/PS1 mice had significantly reduced T2* values compared to wild-type mice. In addition, the scans were examined with voxel-based morphometry (VBM) using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) for comparison of contrast-injected AD transgenic and wild-type mice. The regional differences seen in VBM comparing USPIO-Aβ1-42 injected APP/PS1 and wild-type mice correlated with the amyloid plaque distribution histologically, contrasting with no differences between the two groups of mice without contrast agent injection in regions of the brain with amyloid deposition. Our results demonstrated that both approaches were able to identify the differences between AD transgenic mice and wild-type mice, after injected with USPIO-Aβ1-42. The feasibility of using less invasive intravenous femoral injections for amyloid plaque detection in AD transgenic mice facilitates using this method for longitudinal studies in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Jin T, Autio J, Obata T, Kim SG. Spin-locking versus chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI for investigating chemical exchange process between water and labile metabolite protons. Magn Reson Med 2010; 65:1448-60. [PMID: 21500270 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.22721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) and spin-locking (SL) experiments were both able to probe the exchange process between protons of nonequivalent chemical environments. To compare the characteristics of the CEST and SL approaches in the study of chemical exchange effects, we performed CEST and SL experiments at varied pH and concentrated metabolite phantoms with exchangeable amide, amine, and hydroxyl protons at 9.4 T. Our results show that: (i) on-resonance SL is most sensitive to chemical exchanges in the intermediate-exchange regime and is able to detect hydroxyl and amine protons on a millimolar concentration scale. Off-resonance SL and CEST approaches are sensitive to slow-exchanging protons when an optimal SL or saturation pulse power matches the exchanging rate, respectively. (ii) Offset frequency-dependent SL and CEST spectra are very similar and can be explained well with an SL model recently developed by Trott and Palmer (J Magn Reson 2002;154:157-160). (iii) The exchange rate and population of metabolite protons can be determined from offset-dependent SL or CEST spectra or from on-resonance SL relaxation dispersion measurements. (iv) The asymmetry of the magnetization transfer ratio (MTR(asym)) is highly dependent on the choice of saturation pulse power. In the intermediate-exchange regime, MTR(asym) becomes complicated and should be interpreted with care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jin
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15203, USA.
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Haris M, Singh A, Cai K, Davatzikos C, Trojanowski JQ, Melhem ER, Clark CM, Borthakur A. T1rho (T1ρ) MR imaging in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease with and without dementia. J Neurol 2010; 258:380-5. [PMID: 20924593 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-010-5762-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2010] [Revised: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, we aim to measure T1rho (T (1ρ)) in the hippocampus in the brain of control, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and PD patients with dementia (PDD), and to determine efficacy of T (1ρ) in differentiating these cohorts. With informed consent, 53 AD patients, 62 PD patients, 11 PDD patients, and 46 age-matched controls underwent a standardized clinical assessment including mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and brain T (1ρ) MRI on a 1.5-T clinical-scanner. T(1ρ) maps were generated by fitting each pixel's intensity as a function of the spin-lock pulse duration. In control, AD, PD and PDD, mean ± SE T (1ρ) values in the right hippocampus (RH) were 92.15 ± 2.00, 99.65 ± 1.98, 85.68 ± 1.87, 102.47 ± 4.66 ms while in the left hippocampus (LH) these values were 90.16 ± 1.82, 99.53 ± 1.91, 84.33 ± 2.03, 95.33 ± 4.64 ms. Significant difference for both RH and LH T (1ρ) across the groups (p < 0.001) was observed. Both RH and LH T (1ρ) were significantly increased in AD compared to control (p = 0.034, p = 0.001) and PD (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). In control, both RH and LH T (1ρ) values were significantly increased compared to PD (p = 0.031, p = 0.027) while compared to PDD only the RH T (1ρ) value was significantly decreased (p = 0.043). Both RH and LH T (1ρ) values in PD were significantly lower than PDD (p = 0.004, p = 0.032). No significant correlation between the T (1ρ) and age as well as between T (1ρ) and MMSE scores was observed. The serial measurement of T(1ρ) in both AD and PD may provide the nature of disease progression and may contribute to their early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Haris
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, B1 Stellar-Chance Laboratories, 422 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6100, USA.
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Chamberlain R, Reyes D, Curran GL, Marjanska M, Wengenack TM, Poduslo JF, Garwood M, Jack CR. Comparison of amyloid plaque contrast generated by T2-weighted, T2*-weighted, and susceptibility-weighted imaging methods in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Magn Reson Med 2009; 61:1158-64. [PMID: 19253386 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the hallmark pathologies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is amyloid plaque deposition. Plaques appear hypointense on T(2)-weighted and T(2)*-weighted MR images probably due to the presence of endogenous iron, but no quantitative comparison of various imaging techniques has been reported. We estimated the T(1), T(2), T(2)*, and proton density values of cortical plaques and normal cortical tissue and analyzed the plaque contrast generated by a collection of T(2)-weighted, T(2)*-weighted, and susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) methods in ex vivo transgenic mouse specimens. The proton density and T(1) values were similar for both cortical plaques and normal cortical tissue. The T(2) and T(2)* values were similar in cortical plaques, which indicates that the iron content of cortical plaques may not be as large as previously thought. Ex vivo plaque contrast was increased compared to a previously reported spin-echo sequence by summing multiple echoes and by performing SWI; however, gradient echo and SWI were found to be impractical for in vivo imaging due to susceptibility interface-related signal loss in the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Chamberlain
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Haris M, McArdle E, Fenty M, Singh A, Davatzikos C, Trojanowski JQ, Melhem ER, Clark CM, Borthakur A. Early marker for Alzheimer's disease: hippocampus T1rho (T(1rho)) estimation. J Magn Reson Imaging 2009; 29:1008-12. [PMID: 19388096 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.21735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the T1rho (T(1rho)) MRI relaxation time in hippocampus in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and control, and to determine whether the T(1rho) shows any significant difference between these cohorts. MATERIALS AND METHODS With informed consent, AD (n = 49), MCI (n = 48), and age-matched control (n = 31) underwent T(1rho) MRI on a Siemens 1.5T Scanner. T(1rho) values were automatically calculated from the left and right hippocampus region using in-house developed software. Bonferroni post-hoc multiple comparisons was performed to compare the T(1rho) value among the different cohorts. RESULTS Significantly higher T(1rho) values were observed both in AD (P = 0.000) and MCI (P = 0.037) cohorts compared to control; also, the T(1rho) in AD was significantly high over (P = 0.032) MCI. Hippocampus T(1rho) was 13% greater in the AD patients than control, while in MCI it was 7% greater than control. Hippocampus T(1rho) in AD patients was 6% greater than MCI. CONCLUSION Higher hippocampus T(1rho) values in the AD patients might be associated with the increased plaques burden. A follow-up study would help to determine the efficacy of T(1rho) values as a predictor of developing AD in the control and MCI individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Haris
- MMRRCC, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6100, USA.
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Mellon EA, Pilkinton DT, Clark CM, Elliott MA, Witschey WR, Borthakur A, Reddy R. Sodium MR imaging detection of mild Alzheimer disease: preliminary study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2009; 30:978-84. [PMID: 19213826 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a1495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There is significant interest in the development of novel noninvasive techniques for the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD) and tracking its progression. Because MR imaging has detected alterations in sodium levels that correlate with cell death in stroke, we hypothesized that there would be alterations of sodium levels in the brains of patients with AD, related to AD cell death. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 10 volunteers (5 with mild AD and 5 healthy control subjects) were scanned with a 20-minute sodium (23Na) MR imaging protocol on a 3T clinical scanner. RESULTS After normalizing the signal intensity from the medial temporal lobes corresponding to the hippocampus with the ventricular signal intensity, we were able to detect a 7.5% signal intensity increase in the brains of patients with AD (AD group, 68.25% +/- 3.4% vs control group, 60.75% +/- 2.9%; P < .01). This signal intensity enhancement inversely correlated with hippocampal volume (AD group, 3.22 +/- 0.50 cm3 vs control group, 3.91 +/- 0.45 cm3; r2 = 0.50). CONCLUSIONS This finding suggests that sodium imaging may be a clinically useful tool to detect the neuropathologic changes associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Mellon
- Department of Radiology, MMRRCC, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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