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Dar ER, Gugjoo MB, Farooq F, Nazir T, Shah SA, Ahmad SM, Shah RA, Ahmad RA, Dar SH, Makhdoomi DM. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue for repairing acute sciatic nerve injury in a rabbit model. Tissue Cell 2023; 84:102162. [PMID: 37487256 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury is one of the common disabling clinical conditions and around 50% of the cases end up in permanent impairment. Due to the lack of effective treatment options regenerative medicine employing stem cells is being evaluated. The presented study evaluated and compared regeneration potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow (BM) and adipose tissue (AD) in acute rabbit sciatic nerve injury (axonotmesis) model. A total of n = 54 grey giant rabbits were made subject of the study and divided equally into 3 groups: Control, BM-MSCs in Collagen I and AD-MSCs in Collagen I as per the treatment given. Iliac crest BM and omental AD was harvested from the same donor for isolation and culture of MSCs. The repair of sciatic nerve injury was evaluated on days 60 and 90. The clinical and histopathological scores and SEM morphology was better in cell treated groups as compared to the control. Morphology and histological studies revealed injured nerve in different levels of regenerative process. Gene expression was more than double for N-Cadherin in cell treated groups as compared to the control, especially at day 60. Between cell treated groups, BM-MSCs group showed better response as compared to the AD-MSCs, although statistically non-significant (p > 0.05). Incomplete nerve regeneration observed under various diagnostic parameters was in compliance to the incomplete clinical recovery at day 90. It was concluded that MSCs may improve sciatic nerve healing but fall short of complete regeneration at day 90, although BM-MSCs may have an edge over AD-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ejaz Rasool Dar
- Surgery & Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, India
| | - Mudasir Bashir Gugjoo
- Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, India.
| | - Fajar Farooq
- Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, India
| | - Tahir Nazir
- Livestock Products Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, India
| | - Showkat Ahmad Shah
- Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, India
| | - Syed Mudasir Ahmad
- Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, India
| | - Riaz Ahmad Shah
- Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, India
| | - Raja Aijaz Ahmad
- Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, India
| | - Shahid Hussian Dar
- Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, India
| | - Dil Mohammad Makhdoomi
- Surgery & Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, India
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Lischer M, di Summa PG, Petrou IG, Schaefer DJ, Guzman R, Kalbermatten DF, Madduri S. Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Nerve Tissue Engineering: Bridging Nerve Gap Injuries in Large Animals. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097800. [PMID: 37175506 PMCID: PMC10177884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-therapy-based nerve repair strategies hold great promise. In the field, there is an extensive amount of evidence for better regenerative outcomes when using tissue-engineered nerve grafts for bridging severe gap injuries. Although a massive number of studies have been performed using rodents, only a limited number involving nerve injury models of large animals were reported. Nerve injury models mirroring the human nerve size and injury complexity are crucial to direct the further clinical development of advanced therapeutic interventions. Thus, there is a great need for the advancement of research using large animals, which will closely reflect human nerve repair outcomes. Within this context, this review highlights various stem cell-based nerve repair strategies involving large animal models such as pigs, rabbits, dogs, and monkeys, with an emphasis on the limitations and strengths of therapeutic strategy and outcome measurements. Finally, future directions in the field of nerve repair are discussed. Thus, the present review provides valuable knowledge, as well as the current state of information and insights into nerve repair strategies using cell therapies in large animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Lischer
- Center for Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Pietro G di Summa
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ilias G Petrou
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dirk J Schaefer
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Guzman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F Kalbermatten
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Srinivas Madduri
- Center for Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Bioengineering and Neuroregeneration, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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Meena P, Kakkar A, Kumar M, Khatri N, Nagar RK, Singh A, Malhotra P, Shukla M, Saraswat SK, Srivastava S, Datt R, Pandey S. Advances and clinical challenges for translating nerve conduit technology from bench to bed side for peripheral nerve repair. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 383:617-644. [PMID: 33201351 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Injuries to the peripheral nervous system remain a large-scale clinical problem. These injuries often lead to loss of motor and/or sensory function that significantly affects patients' quality of life. The current neurosurgical approach for peripheral nerve repair involves autologous nerve transplantation, which often leads to clinical complications. The most pressing need is to increase the regenerative capacity of existing tubular constructs in the repair of large nerve gaps through development of tissue-engineered approaches that can surpass the performance of autografts. To fully realize the clinical potential of nerve conduit technology, there is a need to reconsider design strategies, biomaterial selection, fabrication techniques and the various potential modifications to optimize a conduit microenvironment that can best mimic the natural process of regeneration. In recent years, a significant progress has been made in the designing and functionality of bioengineered nerve conduits to bridge long peripheral nerve gaps in various animal models. However, translation of this work from lab to commercial scale has not been achieve. The current review summarizes recent advances in the development of tissue engineered nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) with regard to choice of material, novel fabrication methods, surface modifications and regenerative cues such as stem cells and growth factors to improve regeneration performance. Also, the current clinical potential and future perspectives to achieve therapeutic benefits of NGCs will be discussed in context of peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Meena
- Department of Life Sciences, Datt Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd., Roz Ka Meo Industrial Area, District Mewat, Nuh, 122103, District Haryana, India
| | - Anupama Kakkar
- Department of Life Sciences, Datt Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd., Roz Ka Meo Industrial Area, District Mewat, Nuh, 122103, District Haryana, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, Datt Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd., Roz Ka Meo Industrial Area, District Mewat, Nuh, 122103, District Haryana, India
| | - Nitin Khatri
- Department of Life Sciences, Datt Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd., Roz Ka Meo Industrial Area, District Mewat, Nuh, 122103, District Haryana, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Nagar
- Department of Life Sciences, Datt Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd., Roz Ka Meo Industrial Area, District Mewat, Nuh, 122103, District Haryana, India
| | - Aarti Singh
- Department of Life Sciences, Datt Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd., Roz Ka Meo Industrial Area, District Mewat, Nuh, 122103, District Haryana, India
| | - Poonam Malhotra
- Department of Life Sciences, Datt Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd., Roz Ka Meo Industrial Area, District Mewat, Nuh, 122103, District Haryana, India
| | - Manish Shukla
- Department of Life Sciences, Datt Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd., Roz Ka Meo Industrial Area, District Mewat, Nuh, 122103, District Haryana, India
| | - Sumit Kumar Saraswat
- Department of Life Sciences, Datt Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd., Roz Ka Meo Industrial Area, District Mewat, Nuh, 122103, District Haryana, India
| | - Supriya Srivastava
- Department of Life Sciences, Datt Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd., Roz Ka Meo Industrial Area, District Mewat, Nuh, 122103, District Haryana, India
| | - Rajan Datt
- Department of Life Sciences, Datt Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd., Roz Ka Meo Industrial Area, District Mewat, Nuh, 122103, District Haryana, India
| | - Siddharth Pandey
- Department of Life Sciences, Datt Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd., Roz Ka Meo Industrial Area, District Mewat, Nuh, 122103, District Haryana, India.
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Yang Z, Zheng C, Zhang F, Lin B, Cao M, Tian X, Zhang J, Zhang X, Shen J. Magnetic resonance imaging of enhanced nerve repair with mesenchymal stem cells combined with microenvironment immunomodulation in neurotmesis. Muscle Nerve 2020; 61:815-825. [PMID: 32170960 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The immuno-microenvironment of injured nerves adversely affects mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy for neurotmesis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used noninvasively to monitor nerve degeneration and regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate nerve repair after MSC transplantation combined with microenvironment immunomodulation in neurotmesis by using multiparametric MRI. METHODS Rats with sciatic nerve transection and surgical coaptation were treated with MSCs combined with immunomodulation or MSCs alone. Serial multiparametric MRI examinations were performed over an 8-week period after surgery. RESULTS Nerves treated with MSCs combined with immunomodulation showed better functional recovery, rapid recovery of nerve T2, fractional anisotropy and radial diffusivity values, and more rapid restoration of the fiber tracks than nerves treated with MSCs alone. DISCUSSION Transplantation of MSCs in combination with immunomodulation can exert a synergistic repair effect on neurotmesis, which can be monitored by multiparametric MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehong Yang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chushan Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binglin Lin
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minghui Cao
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuwei Tian
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Kashgar, Kashgar, China
| | - Jingzhong Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang H, Jia Y, Li J, Liu Q. Schwann cell‑derived exosomes induce bone marrow‑derived mesenchymal stem cells to express Schwann cell markers in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:1640-1646. [PMID: 32016464 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.10960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Following peripheral nerve injury, factors in the local microenvironment can induce the differentiation of bone marrow‑derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into Schwann cells; however, the specific factors that participate in this process remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the role of Schwann cell‑derived exosomes in the differentiation of BMSCs into Schwann cells. Exosomes were extracted from Schwann cells or fibroblasts and co‑cultured with BMSCs. The morphology, as well as gene and protein expressions of the BMSCs were measured to determine the effect of exosomes on cell differentiation. The levels of Schwann cell‑specific markers in BMSCs were significantly increased by Schwann cell‑derived exosomes compared with untreated BMSCs; however, fibroblast‑derived exosomes did not demonstrate the same effects. In conclusion, Schwann cell‑derived exosomes may be involved in the differentiation of BMSCs into Schwann cells, which may provide a novel target for promoting nerve regeneration following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101199, P.R. China
| | - Yanjun Jia
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, P.R. China
| | - Jiamou Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101199, P.R. China
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Rbia N, Bulstra LF, Friedrich PF, Bishop AT, Nijhuis TH, Shin AY. Gene expression and growth factor analysis in early nerve regeneration following segmental nerve defect reconstruction with a mesenchymal stromal cell-enhanced decellularized nerve allograft. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2020; 8:e2579. [PMID: 32095395 PMCID: PMC7015582 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000002579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the molecular mechanisms underlying nerve repair by a decellularized nerve allograft seeded with adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and compare it to the unseeded allograft and autograft nerve. METHODS Undifferentiated MSCs were seeded onto decellularized nerve allografts and used to reconstruct a 10 mm gap in a rat sciatic nerve model. Gene expression profiles of genes essential for nerve regeneration and immunohistochemical staining (IHC) for PGP9.5, NGF, RECA-1, and S100 were obtained 2 weeks postoperatively. RESULTS Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that the angiogenic molecule VEGFA was significantly increased in seeded allografts, and transcription factor SOX2 was downregulated in seeded allografts. Seeded grafts showed a significant increase in immunohistochemical markers NGF and RECA-1, when compared with unseeded allografts. CONCLUSIONS MSCs contributed to the secretion of trophic factors. A beneficial effect of the MSCs on angiogenesis was found when compared with the unseeded nerve allograft, but implanted MSCs did not show evidence of differentiation into Schwann cell-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Rbia
- From the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liselotte F. Bulstra
- From the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Allen T. Bishop
- From the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Tim H.J. Nijhuis
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Y. Shin
- From the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
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Du J, Zhen G, Chen H, Zhang S, Qing L, Yang X, Lee G, Mao HQ, Jia X. Optimal electrical stimulation boosts stem cell therapy in nerve regeneration. Biomaterials 2018; 181:347-359. [PMID: 30098570 PMCID: PMC6201278 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries often lead to incomplete recovery and contribute to significant disability to approximately 360,000 people in the USA each year. Stem cell therapy holds significant promise for peripheral nerve regeneration, but maintenance of stem cell viability and differentiation potential in vivo are still major obstacles for translation. Using a made-in-house 96-well vertical electrical stimulation (ES) platform, we investigated the effects of different stimulating pulse frequency, duration and field direction on human neural crest stem cell (NCSC) differentiation. We observed dendritic morphology with enhanced neuronal differentiation for NCSCs cultured on cathodes subject to 20 Hz, 100μs pulse at a potential gradient of 200 mV/mm. We further evaluated the effect of a novel cell-based therapy featuring optimized pulsatile ES of NCSCs for in vivo transplantation following peripheral nerve regeneration. 15 mm critical-sized sciatic nerve injuries were generated with subsequent surgical repair in sixty athymic nude rats. Injured animals were randomly assigned into five groups (N = 12 per group): blank control, ES, NCSC, NCSC + ES, and autologous nerve graft. The optimized ES was applied immediately after surgical repair for 1 h in ES and NCSC + ES groups. Recovery was assessed by behavioral (CatWalk gait analysis), wet muscle-mass, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical analyses at either 6 or 12 weeks after surgery (N = 6 per group). Gastrocnemius muscle wet mass measurements in ES + NCSC group were comparable to autologous nerve transplantation and significantly higher than other groups (p < 0.05). Quantitative histomorphometric analysis and catwalk gait analysis showed similar improvements by ES on NCSCs (p < 0.05). A higher number of viable NCSCs was shown via immunochemical analysis, with higher Schwann cell (SC) differentiation in the NCSC + ES group compared to the NCSC group (p < 0.05). Overall, ES on NCSC transplantation significantly enhanced nerve regeneration after injury and repair, and was comparable to autograft treatment. Thus, ES can be a potent alternative to biochemical and physical cues for modulating stem cell survival and differentiation. This novel cell-based intervention presents an effective and safe approach for improved outcomes after peripheral nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Gehua Zhen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Huanwen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Shuming Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Liming Qing
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Xiuli Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Gabsang Lee
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Hai-Quan Mao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; Department of Anatomy Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Chen YY, Zhang X, Lin XF, Zhang F, Duan XH, Zheng CS, Chen MW, Wang DY, Zeng WK, Shen J. DTI metrics can be used as biomarkers to determine the therapeutic effect of stem cells in acute peripheral nerve injury. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 45:855-862. [PMID: 27448779 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the role of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics as biomarkers for the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in acute peripheral nerve injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-four adult rats received subepineurial microinjection of MSCs (n = 22) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS, n = 22) 1 week after the sciatic nerve trunk crush injury. Sequential fat-suppressed T2-weighted imaging, T2 measurement, DTI and sciatic nerve functional assessment were performed at a 3.0 Tesla MR unit over an 8-week follow-up, with histological assessments performed at regular intervals. The sciatic nerve function index, T2 value, and DTI metrics, including fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity (RD), and mean diffusivity values of the distal stumps of crushed nerves were measured and compared between the two groups. RESULTS Nerves treated with MSCs showed better functional recovery and exhibited more pronounced nerve regeneration compared with nerves treated with PBS. T2 values in nerves treated with MSCs or PBS showed a similar change pattern (P = 0.174), while FA and RD values in nerves treated with MSCs showed more rapid return (one week earlier) to baseline level than nerves treated with PBS (P = 0.045; 0.035). Nerves treated with MSCs had higher FA and lower RD values than nerves treated with PBS during the period from 2 to 3 weeks after surgery (P ≤ 0.0001, 0.004; P = 0.004, 0.006). CONCLUSION FA and RD values derived from DTI might be used as sensitive biomarkers for detecting the therapeutic effect of stem cells in acute peripheral nerve crush injuries. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:855-862.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Yao Chen
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Lin
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Duan
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chu-Shan Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mei-Wei Chen
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong-Ye Wang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-Ke Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Using Stem Cells to Grow Artificial Tissue for Peripheral Nerve Repair. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:7502178. [PMID: 27212954 PMCID: PMC4861803 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7502178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury continues to pose a clinical hurdle despite its frequency and advances in treatment. Unlike the central nervous system, neurons of the peripheral nervous system have a greater ability to regenerate. However, due to a number of confounding factors, this is often both incomplete and inadequate. The lack of supportive Schwann cells or their inability to maintain a regenerative phenotype is a major factor. Advances in nervous system tissue engineering technology have led to efforts to build Schwann cell scaffolds to overcome this and enhance the regenerative capacity of neurons following injury. Stem cells that can differentiate along a neural lineage represent an essential resource and starting material for this process. In this review, we discuss the different stem cell types that are showing promise for nervous system tissue engineering in the context of peripheral nerve injury. We also discuss some of the biological, practical, ethical, and commercial considerations in using these different stem cells for future clinical application.
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Tissue-engineered conduit promotes sciatic nerve regeneration following radiation-induced injury as monitored by magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 34:515-23. [PMID: 26686023 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To observe the longitudinal changes in peripheral nerve repaired with chitosan conduits in a rat model of radiation-induced neuropathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four months after 40 Gy radiation to the right lower limbs, forty-two rats were divided randomly into three groups. Chitosan conduits were implanted with (group A, n=12) or without (group B, n=12) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and untreated controls (group C, n=12). Following sciatic nerve MR imaging (including T2WI and Gd-DTPA enhanced T1WI), functional evaluation and electrophysiological exam were performed two-monthly, final histological assessments were done at the end of one year. The differences among the experimental and control groups were statistically analysed with Fisher's PLSD or t-test. RESULTS The compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) and sciatic function index (SFI) had declined since 4 months after radiation injury. The focal nerve enlargement and hyperintensity, the perineurium and connecting muscle enhancement were demonstrated by MR neurography images. After chitosan tube implantation, the normalized signal intensities (SIs) in group A were declined more rapidly than SIs in other groups. The histological assessments indicated that group A had better remyelination, combined with higher CMAPs amplitude and SFI score than other groups. CONCLUSION A single fraction dose of 40 Gy can be used to establish a rat model of sciatic nerve injury. Longitudinal electrophysiological examination and MR neurography are useful to evaluate the post-irradiation sciatic neuropathy. The rats with tissue-engineered conduits implantation showed some improvement of lower limb function, accompanied by a normalization of (T1W/T2W) MR signal.
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11
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Nicholls FJ, Rotz MW, Ghuman H, MacRenaris KW, Meade TJ, Modo M. DNA-gadolinium-gold nanoparticles for in vivo T1 MR imaging of transplanted human neural stem cells. Biomaterials 2015; 77:291-306. [PMID: 26615367 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The unambiguous imaging of transplanted cells remains a major challenge to understand their biological function and therapeutic efficacy. In vivo imaging of implanted cells is reliant on tagging these to differentiate them from host tissue, such as the brain. We here characterize a gold nanoparticle conjugate that is functionalized with modified deoxythymidine oligonucleotides bearing Gd(III) chelates and a red fluorescent Cy3 moiety to visualize in vivo transplanted human neural stem cells. This DNA-Gd@Au nanoparticle (DNA-Gd@AuNP) exhibits an improved T1 relaxivity and excellent cell uptake. No significant effects of cell uptake have been found on essential cell functions. Although T1 relaxivity is attenuated within cells, it is sufficiently preserved to afford the in vivo detection of transplanted cells using an optimized voxel size. In vivo MR images were corroborated by a post-mortem histological verification of DNA-Gd@AuNPs in transplanted cells. With 70% of cells being correctly identified using the DNA-Gd-AuNPs indicates an overall reliable detection. Less than 1% of cells were false positive for DNA-Gd@AuNPs, but a significant number of 30% false negatives reveals a dramatic underestimation of transplanted cells using this approach. DNA-Gd@AuNPs therefore offer new opportunities to visualize transplanted cells unequivocally using T1 contrast and use cellular MRI as a tool to derive biologically relevant information that allows us to understand how the survival and location of implanted cells determines therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca J Nicholls
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Matthew W Rotz
- Departments of Chemistry, Neurobiology and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Harmanvir Ghuman
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Keith W MacRenaris
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Quantitative Bio-elemental Imaging Centre, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Thomas J Meade
- Departments of Chemistry, Neurobiology and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Michel Modo
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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12
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Li YQ, Tang Y, Fu R, Meng QH, Zhou X, Ling ZM, Cheng X, Tian SW, Wang GJ, Liu XG, Zhou LH. Efficient labeling in vitro with non-ionic gadolinium magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent and fluorescent transfection agent in bone marrow stromal cells of neonatal rats. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:913-20. [PMID: 25816076 PMCID: PMC4438951 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although studies have been undertaken on gadolinium labeling-based molecular imaging in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the use of non-ionic gadolinium in the tracking of stem cells remains uncommon. To investigate the efficiency in tracking of stem cells with non-ionic gadolinium as an MRI contrast agent, a rhodamine-conjugated fluorescent reagent was used to label bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) of neonatal rats in vitro, and MRI scanning was undertaken. The fluorescent-conjugated cell uptake reagents were able to deliver gadodiamide into BMSCs, and cell uptake was verified using flow cytometry. In addition, the labeled stem cells with paramagnetic contrast medium remained detectable by an MRI monitor for a minimum of 28 days. The present study suggested that this method can be applied efficiently and safely for the labeling and tracking of bone marrow stromal cells in neonatal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qin Li
- Department of Anatomy, Zhong Shan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhong Shan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Rao Fu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhong Shan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Hua Meng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ze-Min Ling
- Department of Anatomy, Zhong Shan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Department of Encephalopathy Center, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Su-Wei Tian
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Jie Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Guo Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hua Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Zhong Shan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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Shuai H, Shi C, Lan J, Chen D, Luo X. Double labelling of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells with Gd-DTPA and PKH26 and the influence on biological characteristics of hUCMSCs. Int J Exp Pathol 2015; 96:63-72. [PMID: 25649907 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether double labelling of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) with gadolinium-diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (Gd-DTPA) and PKH26 influences their biological characteristics. A tissue adherence technique was used to separate and purify the hUCMSCs and flow cytometry was performed to detect the surface markers expressed on them. Gd-DTPA and PKH26 were used to label the stem cells and MRI and fluorescence microscopy were used to detect the double-labelled hUCMSCs. A MTT assay was used to delineate the growth curve. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy were used to demonstrate the ultrastructural features of the hUCMSCs. Flow cytometry showed that hUCMSCs highly expressed CD29, CD90, CD44 and CD105. No expression of CD31, CD34 and CD45 was detected. Very low expression of HLA-DR and CD40 was detected. Atomic force microscopy showed these cells were long, spindle shaped, and the cytoplasm and nucleus had clear boundaries. After double labelling, TEM showed Gd particles aggregated in the cytoplasm in a cluster pattern. The proliferation activity, cell cycle, apoptosis and differentiation of the stem cells were not influenced by double labelling. Thus a tissue adherence technique is helpful to separate and purify hUCMSCs effectively; and Gd-DTPA and PKH26 are promising tracers in the investigation of migration and distribution of hUCMSCs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Shuai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Zheng L, Li K, Han Y, Wei W, Zheng S, Zhang G. In vivo targeted peripheral nerve imaging with a nerve-specific nanoscale magnetic resonance probe. Med Hypotheses 2014; 83:588-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Tseng TC, Yen CT, Hsu SH. Visualization of peripheral nerve regeneration. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:997-9. [PMID: 25206750 PMCID: PMC4146305 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.133157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Chen Tseng
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, China
| | - Chen-Tung Yen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, China
| | - Shan-Hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, China ; Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, China
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Ribeiro J, Gartner A, Pereira T, Gomes R, Lopes MA, Gonçalves C, Varejão A, Luís AL, Maurício AC. Perspectives of employing mesenchymal stem cells from the Wharton's jelly of the umbilical cord for peripheral nerve repair. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2014; 108:79-120. [PMID: 24083432 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-410499-0.00004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from Wharton's jelly present high plasticity and low immunogenicity, turning them into a desirable form of cell therapy for the injured nervous system. Their isolation, expansion, and characterization have been performed from cryopreserved umbilical cord tissue. Great concern has been dedicated to the collection, preservation, and transport protocols of the umbilical cord after the parturition to the laboratory in order to obtain samples with higher number of viable MSCs without microbiological contamination. Different biomaterials like chitosan-silicate hybrid, collagen, PLGA90:10, poly(DL-lactide-ɛ-caprolactone), and poly(vinyl alcohol) loaded with electrical conductive materials, associated to MSCs have also been tested in the rat sciatic nerve in axonotmesis and neurotmesis lesions. The in vitro studies of the scaffolds included citocompatibility evaluation of the biomaterials used and cell characterization by imunocytochemistry, karyotype analysis, differentiation capacity into neuroglial-like cells, and flow cytometry. The regeneration process follow-up has been performed by functional analysis and the repaired nerves processed for stereological studies permitted the morphologic regeneration evaluation. The MSCs from Wharton's jelly delivered through tested biomaterials should be regarded a potentially valuable tool to improve clinical outcome especially after trauma to sensory nerves. In addition, these cells represent a noncontroversial source of primitive mesenchymal progenitor cells, which can be harvested after birth, cryogenically stored, thawed, and expanded for therapeutic uses. The importance of a longitudinal study concerning tissue engineering of the peripheral nerve, which includes a multidisciplinary team able to develop biomaterials associated to cell therapies, to perform preclinical trials concerning animal welfare and the appropriate animal model is here enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Ribeiro
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal; Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologias Agrárias e Agro-Alimentares (ICETA), Universidade do Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
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17
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Hundepool CA, Nijhuis THJ, Mohseny B, Selles RW, Hovius SER. The effect of stem cells in bridging peripheral nerve defects: a meta-analysis. J Neurosurg 2014; 121:195-209. [PMID: 24816327 DOI: 10.3171/2014.4.jns131260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED OBJECT.: For decades the gold standard for reconstructing a large peripheral nerve defect has been, and remains, the nerve autograft. Alternatives to the nerve autograft include biological conduits and vessels. Adding stem cells in the lumen of a nerve conduit has been the subject of multiple studies. The purpose of the present meta-analysis was to summarize animal experimental studies on the effect of stem cells as a luminal additive when reconstructing a peripheral nerve defect with a nerve graft. METHODS A literature search of the MEDLINE and Embase databases was performed from inception to April 2012, searching for animal experiments on peripheral nerve reconstruction models in which a nerve conduit was used with and without the support of 3 different types of stem cells. Stem cells were analyzed according to their origin: bone marrow, adipose tissue, and other origins. Included studies had consistent outcome measurements: walking track analysis, muscle mass ratio, and electrophysiology. RESULTS Forty-four studies were included in the final analysis. Forest plots of the 3 outcome measurements (walking track analysis, muscle mass ratio, and electrophysiology) showed positive effects of stem cells on the regeneration of peripheral nerves at different time points. Almost all comparisons showed significant differences for all 3 stem cells groups compared with a control group in which stem cells were not used. CONCLUSIONS The present report systematically analyzed the different studies that used stem cells as a luminal additive when bridging a large peripheral nerve defect. All 3 different stem cell groups showed a beneficial effect when used in the reconstruction compared with control groups in which stem cells were not used.
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Martinez AMB, Goulart CDO, Ramalho BDS, Oliveira JT, Almeida FM. Neurotrauma and mesenchymal stem cells treatment: From experimental studies to clinical trials. World J Stem Cells 2014; 6:179-94. [PMID: 24772245 PMCID: PMC3999776 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v6.i2.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has attracted the attention of scientists and clinicians around the world. Basic and pre-clinical experimental studies have highlighted the positive effects of MSC treatment after spinal cord and peripheral nerve injury. These effects are believed to be due to their ability to differentiate into other cell lineages, modulate inflammatory and immunomodulatory responses, reduce cell apoptosis, secrete several neurotrophic factors and respond to tissue injury, among others. There are many pre-clinical studies on MSC treatment for spinal cord injury (SCI) and peripheral nerve injuries. However, the same is not true for clinical trials, particularly those concerned with nerve trauma, indicating the necessity of more well-constructed studies showing the benefits that cell therapy can provide for individuals suffering the consequences of nerve lesions. As for clinical trials for SCI treatment the results obtained so far are not as beneficial as those described in experimental studies. For these reasons basic and pre-clinical studies dealing with MSC therapy should emphasize the standardization of protocols that could be translated to the clinical set with consistent and positive outcomes. This review is based on pre-clinical studies and clinical trials available in the literature from 2010 until now. At the time of writing this article there were 43 and 36 pre-clinical and 19 and 1 clinical trials on injured spinal cord and peripheral nerves, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Blanco Martinez
- Ana Maria Blanco Martinez, Camila de Oliveira Goulart, Bruna dos Santos Ramalho, Júlia Teixeira Oliveira, Fernanda Martins Almeida, Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Repair, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Health Science Center, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camila de Oliveira Goulart
- Ana Maria Blanco Martinez, Camila de Oliveira Goulart, Bruna dos Santos Ramalho, Júlia Teixeira Oliveira, Fernanda Martins Almeida, Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Repair, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Health Science Center, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruna Dos Santos Ramalho
- Ana Maria Blanco Martinez, Camila de Oliveira Goulart, Bruna dos Santos Ramalho, Júlia Teixeira Oliveira, Fernanda Martins Almeida, Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Repair, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Health Science Center, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Júlia Teixeira Oliveira
- Ana Maria Blanco Martinez, Camila de Oliveira Goulart, Bruna dos Santos Ramalho, Júlia Teixeira Oliveira, Fernanda Martins Almeida, Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Repair, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Health Science Center, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Martins Almeida
- Ana Maria Blanco Martinez, Camila de Oliveira Goulart, Bruna dos Santos Ramalho, Júlia Teixeira Oliveira, Fernanda Martins Almeida, Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Repair, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Health Science Center, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Calloni R, Viegas GS, Türck P, Bonatto D, Pegas Henriques JA. Mesenchymal stromal cells from unconventional model organisms. Cytotherapy 2013; 16:3-16. [PMID: 24113426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent, plastic, adherent cells able to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondroblasts and adipocytes. MSCs can be isolated from many different body compartments of adult and fetal individuals. The most commonly studied MSCs are isolated from humans, mice and rats. However, studies are also being conducted with the use of MSCs that originate from different model organisms, such as cats, dogs, guinea pigs, ducks, chickens, buffalo, cattle, sheep, goats, horses, rabbits and pigs. MSCs derived from unconventional model organisms all present classic fibroblast-like morphology, the expression of MSC-associated cell surface markers such as CD44, CD73, CD90 and CD105 and the absence of CD34 and CD45. Moreover, these MSCs have the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondroblasts and adipocytes. The MSCs isolated from unconventional model organisms are being studied for their potential to heal different tissue defects and injuries and for the development of scaffold compositions that improve the proliferation and differentiation of MSCs for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Calloni
- Centro de Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), RS, Brazil
| | - Gabrihel Stumpf Viegas
- Centro de Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), RS, Brazil
| | - Patrick Türck
- Centro de Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), RS, Brazil
| | - Diego Bonatto
- Centro de Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), RS, Brazil.
| | - João Antonio Pegas Henriques
- Centro de Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), RS, Brazil
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Wang H, Zhang H, Liu M, Wang N. Distal segment extracts of the degenerated rat sciatic nerve induce bone marrow stromal cells to express Schwann cell markers in vitro. Neurosci Lett 2013; 544:89-93. [PMID: 23583596 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) have the ability to support nerve regeneration when transplanted into lesion sites, but the mechanism is unclear. We hypothesized that specific factors in the lesioned microenvironment induce the differentiation of transplanted MSCs into functional Schwann-like cells. To test this hypothesis and determine the origin of such factors, we investigated the effects of different extracts from degenerated rat sciatic nerves on MSCs in vitro. After 3 days of degeneration, extracts from the distal segment (Ds) and proximal segment (Ps) of the rat sciatic nerve were used in experiments. After 1 day of treatment, the morphology of MSCs cultured with Ds extracts were spindle shaped, and the cells interconnected with each other, followed by gradual loss of typical morphology during culture. After 7 days of treatment, western blotting and RT-PCR analyses indicated that the cells cultured with Ds extracts had significantly higher expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Sox10, Oct6, and early growth response 2(Egr2) than that of cells cultured with Ps extracts and the untreated cells. Our study suggests that, in the microenvironments of nerve lesions, specific factors induce MSCs to differentiate into functional Schwann-like cells, which may originate from the Ds of the degenerated nerve. These results may help to elucidate the mechanisms by which MSCs function in peripheral nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR, China.
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Liao CD, Zhang F, Guo RM, Zhong XM, Zhu J, Wen XH, Shen J. Peripheral Nerve Repair: Monitoring by Using Gadofluorine M–enhanced MR Imaging with Chitosan Nerve Conduits with Cultured Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Rat Model of Neurotmesis. Radiology 2012; 262:161-171. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.11110911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
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Duan XH, Cheng LN, Zhang F, Liu J, Guo RM, Zhong XM, Wen XH, Shen J. In vivo MRI monitoring nerve regeneration of acute peripheral nerve traction injury following mesenchymal stem cell transplantation. Eur J Radiol 2011; 81:2154-60. [PMID: 21726973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2011.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the continuous process of nerve regeneration in acute peripheral nerve traction injury treated with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation using MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS 1 week after acute nerve traction injury was established in the sciatic nerve of 48 New Zealand white rabbits, 5×10(5) MSCs and vehicle alone were grafted to the acutely distracted sciatic nerves each in 24 animals. Serial MRI and T1 and T2 measurements of the injured nerves were performed with a 1.5-T scanner and functional recovery was recorded over a 10-week follow-up period, with histological assessments performed at regular intervals. RESULTS Compared with vehicle control, nerves grafted with MSCs had better functional recovery and showed improved nerve regeneration, with a sustained increase of T1 and T2 values during the phase of regeneration. CONCLUSION MRI could be used to monitor the enhanced nerve regeneration in acute peripheral nerve traction injury treated with MSC transplantation, reflected by a prolonged increase in T1 and T2 values of the injured nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Duan
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang Road West, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
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