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Kraft G, Coate KC, Smith M, Farmer B, Scott M, Hastings J, Cherrington AD, Edgerton DS. Profound Sensitivity of the Liver to the Direct Effect of Insulin Allows Peripheral Insulin Delivery to Normalize Hepatic but Not Muscle Glucose Uptake in the Healthy Dog. Diabetes 2023; 72:196-209. [PMID: 36280227 PMCID: PMC9871195 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous insulin secretion is a key regulator of postprandial hepatic glucose metabolism, but this process is dysregulated in diabetes. Subcutaneous insulin delivery alters normal insulin distribution, causing relative hepatic insulin deficiency and peripheral hyperinsulinemia, a major risk factor for metabolic disease. Our aim was to determine whether insulin's direct effect on the liver is preeminent even when insulin is given into a peripheral vein. Postprandial-like conditions were created (hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and a positive portal vein to arterial glucose gradient) in healthy dogs. Peripheral (leg vein) insulin infusion elevated arterial and hepatic levels 8.0-fold and 2.8-fold, respectively. In one group, insulin's full effects were allowed. In another, insulin's indirect hepatic effects were blocked with the infusion of triglyceride, glucagon, and inhibitors of brain insulin action (intracerebroventricular) to prevent decreases in plasma free fatty acids and glucagon, while blocking increased hypothalamic insulin signaling. Despite peripheral insulin delivery the liver retained its full ability to store glucose, even when insulin's peripheral effects were blocked, whereas muscle glucose uptake markedly increased, creating an aberrant distribution of glucose disposal between liver and muscle. Thus, the healthy liver's striking sensitivity to direct insulin action can overcome the effect of relative hepatic insulin deficiency, whereas excess insulin in the periphery produces metabolic abnormalities in nonhepatic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dale S. Edgerton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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Turner RBS, Tyrrell D, Hepworth G, Dunshea FR, Mansfield CS. Compartmental fat distribution in the abdomen of dogs relative to overall body fat composition. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:104. [PMID: 32228685 PMCID: PMC7106746 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02327-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipose tissue may have different metabolic and endocrine functions depending on the region of the body in which it is located. While visceral or intra-abdominal fat has been found to contribute to leptin concentrations, insulin resistance and obesity-related diseases, there are only a few imaging studies documenting the preferential distribution of body fat to either the intra-abdominal or subcutaneous compartments in dogs. This study aimed to determine if CT-measured abdominal fat distributed preferentially to the visceral space (V) relative to the subcutaneous space (SQ), with increasing DXA-determined total body fat percentage; and if ultrasound measurements of the ventral midline subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose thickness (VAT) can be used to estimate the distribution of fat to the subcutaneous and visceral abdominal spaces, in a sample of 22 dogs with variable body condition. Results Multivariate analysis showed no statistically significant correlation between visceral to subcutaneous fat ratio (V/SQ) and increasing total body fat percentage (β = − 0.07, p = 0.733), but strong correlation with age (β = 0.71 p = 0.002). A substantial amount of variation for the ultrasound visceral adipose thickness to subcutaneous fat thickness (VAT/SAT) could be explained by both CT V/SQ and sex (R2Adjusted = 0.477, p = 0.001), with female dogs having significant lower VAT/SAT ratios compared to the male dogs (p = 0.047). The ultrasound fat measurements appeared moderately reliable, but a larger sample number is required to confirm this. Conclusions The findings suggest that dogs with a relatively healthy to slightly overweight body condition score, distribute fat relatively similarly between their peritoneal (visceral) and subcutaneous abdominal compartments with increasing total body fat percentage. However, there was increased fat distribution to the peritoneal space relative to the subcutaneous space with increasing age. Further, abdominal ultrasound may be useful in estimating the ratio of fat distribution to both the abdominal visceral and subcutaneous spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B S Turner
- U-Vet Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia.
| | - D Tyrrell
- U-Vet Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia
| | - G Hepworth
- Statistical Consulting Centre, University of Melbourne, 139 Barry Street, Carlton, Melbourne, Victoria, 3053, Australia
| | - F R Dunshea
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - C S Mansfield
- U-Vet Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia
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Nagao I, Ohno K, Nagahara T, Yokoyama N, Nakagawa T, Fujiwara R, Yamamoto K, Goto-Koshino Y, Tomiyasu H, Tsujimoto H. Evaluation of visceral fat mass in dogs by computed tomography. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1552-1557. [PMID: 31554745 PMCID: PMC6895622 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In human medicine, computed tomography (CT) is the gold standard for visceral fat measurement. Research shows that the visceral fat area (VFA) of the umbilical slice is significantly
correlated with the visceral fat volume (VFV). In veterinary medicine, however, few studies have evaluated visceral fat using CT. This study aimed to evaluate the visceral fat in dogs using
CT images, and determine if the slice significantly correlated with VFV to simplify visceral fat measurements. This retrospective study includes data on 90 dogs that underwent whole-body CT
scans for diagnostic purposes. VFV was calculated as the product of VFA and thickness in each CT slice; the correlation between VFV and VFA was analyzed at the level of each lumbar vertebra.
Visceral fat percentage (VF%) was calculated as the ratio of the product of VFV and fat density to the body weight. Visceral fat area percentage (VFA%) was calculated as the ratio of VFA to
the body area, and its correlation with the VF% and the body condition score (BCS) was analyzed. VFA was highly correlated with VFV at the level of each lumbar vertebra, with the highest
correlation (r=0.964) at the L3 level. VFA% was significantly correlated with VF% (r=0.930) and weakly correlated with BCS (r=0.523). This study demonstrates that it is sufficient to use
only the L3 slice for visceral fat evaluation and that the evaluation can be based on VFA% of the L3 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itsuma Nagao
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohno
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Takuro Nagahara
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yokoyama
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Taisuke Nakagawa
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Reina Fujiwara
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Kie Yamamoto
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yuko Goto-Koshino
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Tomiyasu
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Hajime Tsujimoto
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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Kraft G, Vrba A, Scott M, Allen E, Edgerton DS, Williams PE, Vafai SB, Azamian BR, Cherrington AD. Sympathetic Denervation of the Common Hepatic Artery Lessens Glucose Intolerance in the Fat- and Fructose-Fed Dog. Diabetes 2019; 68:1143-1155. [PMID: 30936143 PMCID: PMC6610023 DOI: 10.2337/db18-1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the effectiveness of surgical sympathetic denervation of the common hepatic artery (CHADN) in improving glucose tolerance. CHADN eliminated norepinephrine content in the liver and partially decreased it in the pancreas and the upper gut. We assessed oral glucose tolerance at baseline and after 4 weeks of high-fat high-fructose (HFHF) feeding. Dogs were then randomized to sham surgery (SHAM) (n = 9) or CHADN surgery (n = 11) and retested 2.5 or 3.5 weeks later while still on the HFHF diet. CHADN improved glucose tolerance by ∼60% in part because of enhanced insulin secretion, as indicated by an increase in the insulinogenic index. In a subset of dogs (SHAM, n = 5; CHADN, n = 6), a hyperinsulinemic-hyperglycemic clamp was used to assess whether CHADN could improve hepatic glucose metabolism independent of a change in insulin release. CHADN reduced the diet-induced defect in net hepatic glucose balance by 37%. In another subset of dogs (SHAM, n = 4; CHADN, n = 5) the HFHF diet was continued for 3 months postsurgery and the improvement in glucose tolerance caused by CHADN continued. In conclusion, CHADN has the potential to enhance postprandial glucose clearance in states of diet-induced glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Kraft
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Melanie Scott
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Eric Allen
- Hormone Assay and Analytical Services Core, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Dale S Edgerton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Hormone Assay and Analytical Services Core, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Phil E Williams
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | | | | | - Alan D Cherrington
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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Kleinert M, Clemmensen C, Hofmann SM, Moore MC, Renner S, Woods SC, Huypens P, Beckers J, de Angelis MH, Schürmann A, Bakhti M, Klingenspor M, Heiman M, Cherrington AD, Ristow M, Lickert H, Wolf E, Havel PJ, Müller TD, Tschöp MH. Animal models of obesity and diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2018; 14:140-162. [PMID: 29348476 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 521] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
More than one-third of the worldwide population is overweight or obese and therefore at risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. In order to mitigate this pandemic, safer and more potent therapeutics are urgently required. This necessitates the continued use of animal models to discover, validate and optimize novel therapeutics for their safe use in humans. In order to improve the transition from bench to bedside, researchers must not only carefully select the appropriate model but also draw the right conclusions. In this Review, we consolidate the key information on the currently available animal models of obesity and diabetes and highlight the advantages, limitations and important caveats of each of these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Kleinert
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-80333 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-80333 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanna M Hofmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Ziemssenstr. 1, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Mary C Moore
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA
| | - Simone Renner
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilan University München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephen C Woods
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Metabolic Diseases Institute, 2170 East Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237, USA
| | - Peter Huypens
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Experimental Genetics, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Experimental Genetics, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany
- Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
- Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Mark Heiman
- MicroBiome Therapeutics, 1316 Jefferson Ave, New Orleans, Louisiana 70115, USA
| | - Alan D Cherrington
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA
| | - Michael Ristow
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, CH-8603 Zurich-Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Heiko Lickert
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilan University München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, 3135 Meyer Hall, University of California, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-80333 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-80333 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Santarossa A, Parr JM, Verbrugghe A. The importance of assessing body composition of dogs and cats and methods available for use in clinical practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2018; 251:521-529. [PMID: 28828948 DOI: 10.2460/javma.251.5.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Payan-Carreira R, Martins L, Miranda S, Olivério P, Silva SR. In vivo assessment of subcutaneous fat in dogs by real-time ultrasonography and image analysis. Acta Vet Scand 2016; 58:58. [PMID: 27766975 PMCID: PMC5073920 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-016-0239-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Systems for estimating body condition score (BCS) are currently used in canine practice to monitor fatness levels. These tools are cheap and easy to use but lack the necessary precision to monitor small changes in body fat, particularly during weight control treatments or in research. The present work aims to study the application of real-time ultrasonography (RTU) together with image analysis in the assessment of subcutaneous fat depots in dogs. Ultrasound images were collected from five anatomical locations (chest, flank, abdomen, thigh and lumbar) from 28 healthy dogs of different breeds and with a body weight (BW) ranging from 5.2 to 33.0 kg. BCS was collected by visual appraisal using a 5-point scale. Subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) was estimated from RTU images, using the average of three measurements taken in fat deposits located above the muscles represented in each image. Correlations were established between SFT and BW or BCS as well as a classification of BCS-based fatness [overweight (BCS = 4), ideal (BCS = 3) and lean (BCS = 2)]. Results SFT was found to differ between the five regions considered (P < 0.001). Abdomen and thigh were the areas displaying the widest variation for the different dogs included in the study and also those correlating most with BW, in contrast to the chest, which showed the least variation. Overall, a strong correlation was found between BCS and SFT. The highest correlations were established for the flank, abdomen and lumbar areas. In every anatomical area, a decrease in SFT was observed across all three BCS classes, ranging from 48 to 65 % among overweight and ideal dogs, and from 46 to 83 % among ideal and lean dogs. Conclusions Preliminary data showed that within this population there was a strong correlation between BCS and SFT estimated from RTU images. It was also observed that RTU measurements for fat thickness differed among the anatomical points surveyed suggesting differences in their sensitivity to a change in BCS. The images displaying the best prediction value for fatness variations were those collected at the lumbar and abdomen areas.
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Ong HH, Webb CD, Gruen ML, Hasty AH, Gore JC, Welch EB. Fat-water MRI of a diet-induced obesity mouse model at 15.2T. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2016; 3:026002. [PMID: 27226976 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.3.2.026002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative fat-water MRI (FWMRI) methods provide valuable information about the distribution, volume, and composition of adipose tissue (AT). Ultra high field FWMRI of animal models may have the potential to provide insights into the progression of obesity and its comorbidities. Here, we present quantitative FWMRI with all known confounder corrections on a 15.2T preclinical scanner for noninvasive in vivo monitoring of an established diet-induced obesity mouse model. Male C57BL/6J mice were placed on a low-fat (LFD) or a high-fat diet (HFD). Three-dimensional (3-D) multiple gradient echo MRI at 15.2T was performed at baseline, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after diet onset. A 3-D fat-water separation algorithm and additional processing were used to generate proton-density fat fraction (PDFF), local magnetic field offset, and [Formula: see text] maps. We examined these parameters in perirenal AT ROIs from LFD and HFD mice. The data suggest that PDFF, local field offset, and [Formula: see text] have different time course behaviors between LFD and HFD mice over 16 weeks. This work suggests FWMRI at 15.2T may be a useful tool for longitudinal studies of adiposity due to the advantages of ultra high field although further investigation is needed to understand the observed time course behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry H Ong
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Medical Center North, AA-1105, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, United States; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Medical Center North, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, United States
| | - Corey D Webb
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Light Hall, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0615, United States
| | - Marnie L Gruen
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Light Hall, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0615, United States
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Light Hall, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0615, United States
| | - John C Gore
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Medical Center North, AA-1105, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, United States; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Medical Center North, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, United States; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Light Hall, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0615, United States
| | - E Brian Welch
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Medical Center North, AA-1105, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, United States; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Medical Center North, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, United States
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Hu HH, Chen J, Shen W. Segmentation and quantification of adipose tissue by magnetic resonance imaging. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 29:259-76. [PMID: 26336839 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-015-0498-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this brief review, introductory concepts in animal and human adipose tissue segmentation using proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography are summarized in the context of obesity research. Adipose tissue segmentation and quantification using spin relaxation-based (e.g., T1-weighted, T2-weighted), relaxometry-based (e.g., T1-, T2-, T2*-mapping), chemical-shift selective, and chemical-shift encoded water-fat MRI pulse sequences are briefly discussed. The continuing interest to classify subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue depots into smaller sub-depot compartments is mentioned. The use of a single slice, a stack of slices across a limited anatomical region, or a whole body protocol is considered. Common image post-processing steps and emerging atlas-based automated segmentation techniques are noted. Finally, the article identifies some directions of future research, including a discussion on the growing topic of brown adipose tissue and related segmentation considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houchun Harry Hu
- Department of Radiology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 East Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA.
| | - Jun Chen
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, 1150 Saint Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Wei Shen
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Medicine and Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Medical Center, 1150 Saint Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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