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Aminyavari S, Afshari AR, Ahmadi SS, Kesharwani P, Sanati M, Sahebkar A. Unveiling the theranostic potential of SPIONs in Alzheimer's disease management. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 179:244-256. [PMID: 39321523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating kind of dementia that is becoming more common worldwide. Toxic amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregates are the primary cause of AD onset and development. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have received a lot of interest in AD therapy over the last decade because of their ability to redirect the Aβ fibrillation process and improve associated brain dysfunction. The potential diagnostic application of SPIONs in AD has dramatically increased this interest. Furthermore, surface-modified engineered SPIONs function as drug carriers to improve the efficacy of current therapies. Various preclinical and clinical studies on the role of SPIONs in AD pathology have produced encouraging results. However, due to their physicochemical properties (e.g., size, surface charge, and particle concentration) in the biological milieu, SPIONs may play the role of a preventive or accelerative agent in AD. Even though SPIONs are potential therapeutic and diagnostic options in AD, significant efforts are still needed to overcome the inconsistencies and safety concerns. This review evaluated the current understanding of how various SPIONs interact with AD models and explored the discrepancies in their efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Aminyavari
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir R Afshari
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Sajad Ahmadi
- Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Mehdi Sanati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Experimental and Animal Study Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Salatin S, Farhoudi M, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Mahmoudi J. Magnetic hybrid nanovesicles for the precise diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system disorders. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024; 21:521-535. [PMID: 38555483 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2336496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Central nervous system (CNS)-related disorders are increasingly being recognized as a global health challenge worldwide. There are significant challenges for effective diagnosis and treatment due to the presence of the CNS barriers which impede the management of neurological diseases. Combination of nanovesicles (NVs) and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), referred to as magnetic nanovesicles (MNVs), is now well suggested as a potential theranostic option for improving the management of neurological disorders with increased targeting efficiency and minimized side effects. AREAS COVERED This review provides a summary of major CNS disorders and the physical barriers limiting the access of imaging/therapeutic agents to the CNS environment. A special focus on the unique features of MNPs and NV is discussed which make them attractive candidates for neuro-nanomedicine. Furthermore, a deeper understanding of MNVs as a promising combined strategy for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes in neurological disorders is provided. EXPERT OPINION The multifunctionality of MNVs offers the ability to overcome the CNS barriers and can be used to monitor the effectiveness of treatment. The insights provided will guide future research toward better outcomes and facilitate the development of next-generation, innovative treatments for CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Salatin
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Farhoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Parekh P, Badachhape AA, Tanifum EA, Annapragada AV, Ghaghada KB. Advances in nanoprobes for molecular MRI of Alzheimer's disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1946. [PMID: 38426638 PMCID: PMC10983770 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia and a leading cause of mortality in the elderly population. Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease has traditionally relied on evaluation of clinical symptoms for cognitive impairment with a definitive diagnosis requiring post-mortem demonstration of neuropathology. However, advances in disease pathogenesis have revealed that patients exhibit Alzheimer's disease pathology several decades before the manifestation of clinical symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in the management of patients with Alzheimer's disease. The clinical availability of molecular MRI (mMRI) contrast agents can revolutionize the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. In this article, we review advances in nanoparticle contrast agents, also referred to as nanoprobes, for mMRI of Alzheimer's disease. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag Parekh
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Andrew A. Badachhape
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Eric A. Tanifum
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Ananth V. Annapragada
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Ketan B. Ghaghada
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
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Ulanova M, Gloag L, Bongers A, Kim CK, Duong HTK, Kim HN, Gooding JJ, Tilley RD, Biazik J, Wen W, Sachdev PS, Braidy N. Evaluation of Dimercaptosuccinic Acid-Coated Iron Nanoparticles Immunotargeted to Amyloid Beta as MRI Contrast Agents for the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2023; 12:2279. [PMID: 37759500 PMCID: PMC10527350 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based magnetic contrast agents have opened the potential for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to be used for early non-invasive diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Accumulation of amyloid pathology in the brain has shown association with cognitive decline and tauopathy; hence, it is an effective biomarker for the early detection of AD. The aim of this study was to develop a biocompatible magnetic nanoparticle targeted to amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques to increase the sensitivity of T2-weighted MRI for imaging of amyloid pathology in AD. We presented novel iron core-iron oxide nanoparticles stabilized with a dimercaptosuccinic acid coating and functionalized with an anti-Aβ antibody. Nanoparticle biocompatibility and cellular internalization were evaluated in vitro in U-251 glioblastoma cells using cellular assays, proteomics, and transmission electron microscopy. Iron nanoparticles demonstrated no significant in vitro cytotoxicity, and electron microscopy results showed their movement through the endocytic cycle within the cell over a 24 h period. In addition, immunostaining and bio-layer interferometry confirmed the targeted nanoparticle's binding affinity to amyloid species. The iron nanoparticles demonstrated favourable MRI contrast enhancement; however, the addition of the antibody resulted in a reduction in the relaxivity of the particles. The present work shows promising preliminary results in the development of a targeted non-invasive method of early AD diagnosis using contrast-enhanced MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ulanova
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.U.); (C.-K.K.); (W.W.); (P.S.S.)
| | - Lucy Gloag
- Faculty of Science, School of Mathematical and Physical Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Andre Bongers
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (A.B.); (R.D.T.); (J.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Chul-Kyu Kim
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.U.); (C.-K.K.); (W.W.); (P.S.S.)
| | - Hong Thien Kim Duong
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (H.T.K.D.); (J.J.G.)
| | - Ha Na Kim
- Molecular Surface Interaction Laboratory, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - John Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (H.T.K.D.); (J.J.G.)
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Richard D. Tilley
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (A.B.); (R.D.T.); (J.B.)
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (H.T.K.D.); (J.J.G.)
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Joanna Biazik
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (A.B.); (R.D.T.); (J.B.)
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.U.); (C.-K.K.); (W.W.); (P.S.S.)
| | - Perminder S. Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.U.); (C.-K.K.); (W.W.); (P.S.S.)
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.U.); (C.-K.K.); (W.W.); (P.S.S.)
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Ruan Y, Xiong Y, Fang W, Yu Q, Mai Y, Cao Z, Wang K, Lei M, Xu J, Liu Y, Zhang X, Liao W, Liu J. Highly sensitive Curcumin-conjugated nanotheranostic platform for detecting amyloid-beta plaques by magnetic resonance imaging and reversing cognitive deficits of Alzheimer's disease via NLRP3-inhibition. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:322. [PMID: 35836190 PMCID: PMC9281113 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01524-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder without effective therapy and lack diagnosis strategy for preclinical AD patients. There is an urgent need for development of both early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention of AD. RESULTS Herein, we developed a nanotheranostics platform consisting of Curcumin (Cur), an anti-inflammatory molecule, and superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles encapsulated by diblock 1,2-dio-leoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-n-[poly(ethylene glycol)] (DSPE-PEG) that are modified with CRT and QSH peptides on its surface. Furthermore, we demonstrated that this multifunctional nanomaterial efficiently reduced β-amyloid plaque burden specifically in APP/PS1 transgenic mice, with the process noninvasively detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the two-dimensional MRI images were computed into three-dimension (3D) plot. Our data demonstrated highly sensitive in vivo detection of β-amyloid plaques which more closely revealed real deposition of Aβ than previously reported and we quantified the volumes of plaques for the first time based on 3D plot. In addition, memory deficits of the mice were significantly rescued, probably related to inhibition of NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes. CONCLUSIONS Gathered data demonstrated that this theranostic platform may have both early diagnostic and therapeutic potential in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Ruan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Wenli Fang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Qun Yu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yingren Mai
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Zhiyu Cao
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Kexi Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jiaxin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Xingcai Zhang
- Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - Wang Liao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
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Ni R. Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease Amyloidosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12768. [PMID: 34884573 PMCID: PMC8657987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Aβ) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Aberrant Aβ accumulation induces neuroinflammation, cerebrovascular alterations, and synaptic deficits, leading to cognitive impairment. Animal models recapitulating the Aβ pathology, such as transgenic, knock-in mouse and rat models, have facilitated the understanding of disease mechanisms and the development of therapeutics targeting Aβ. There is a rapid advance in high-field MRI in small animals. Versatile high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences, such as diffusion tensor imaging, arterial spin labeling, resting-state functional MRI, anatomical MRI, and MR spectroscopy, as well as contrast agents, have been developed for preclinical imaging in animal models. These tools have enabled high-resolution in vivo structural, functional, and molecular readouts with a whole-brain field of view. MRI has been used to visualize non-invasively the Aβ deposits, synaptic deficits, regional brain atrophy, impairment in white matter integrity, functional connectivity, and cerebrovascular and glymphatic system in animal models of Alzheimer's disease amyloidosis. Many of the readouts are translational toward clinical MRI applications in patients with Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in MRI for visualizing the pathophysiology in amyloidosis animal models. We discuss the outstanding challenges in brain imaging using MRI in small animals and propose future outlook in visualizing Aβ-related alterations in the brains of animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Ni
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich & University of Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland
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Sillerud LO, Neuwelt AJ, Staquicini FI, Arap W, Pasqualini R. Repurposing Ferumoxytol as a Breast Cancer-Associated Macrophage Tracer with Five-Dimensional Quantitative [Fe]MRI of SPION Dynamics. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153802. [PMID: 34359704 PMCID: PMC8345165 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary With the incorporation of immune-modulating therapies into the standard management of triple-negative breast cancer, there is increased interest in the non-invasive imaging of the tumor immune microenvironment. Ferumoxytol is FDA-approved as an iron replacement therapy for iron-deficiency anemia and is also a superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) resulting in negative enhancement on T2-weighted MR imaging. It has previously been established that ferumoxytol is taken up by macrophages. In the current study, we used ferumoxytol-contrasted MRI to quantitatively image the iron concentration, and, by extension, the tumor-associated macrophage infiltration within the tumor microenvironment of a highly inflammatory model of triple-negative breast cancer. Abstract Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in breast cancer regulate inflammation, immunosuppression, angiogenesis, and metastasis. However, TAM imaging remains a clinical challenge. Ferumoxytol has long been an FDA-approved superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) preparation used as an intravenous (IV) treatment for iron-deficiency anemia. Given its high transverse relaxivity, ferumoxytol produces a negative image contrast upon cellular uptake in T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. Here we evaluated ferumoxytol as a contrast agent to image/quantify TAMs in an aggressive mouse model of breast cancer: We developed [Fe]MRI to measure the 5-dimensional function c(x,y,z,t), where c is the concentration of nanoparticle iron and {x,y,z,t} is the 4-dimensional set of tumor space-time coordinates. Ferumoxytol SPIONs are readily phagocytosed (~104/cell) by the F4/80+CD11b+ TAMs within breast tumors. Quantitative [Fe]MRIs served to determine both the spatial and the temporal distribution of the SPION iron, and hence to measure [Fe] = c(x,y,z,t), a surrogate for TAM density. In single-dose pharmacokinetic studies, after an IV dose of 5 mg/Kg iron, [Fe]MRI measurements showed that c(x,y,z,t) within breast tumors peaked around [Fe] = 70 μM at 42 h post-administration, and decayed below the [Fe]MRI detection limit (~2 μM) by day 7. There was no SPION uptake in control organs (muscle and adipose tissue). Optical microscopy of tissue sections confirmed that F4/80+CD11b+ TAMs infiltrated the tumors and accumulated SPION iron. Our methodology and findings have translational applications for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel O. Sillerud
- Department of Neurology, UNM BRaIN Center, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
- Correspondence: (L.O.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Alexander J. Neuwelt
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
- Department of Medical Oncology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23249, USA
| | - Fernanda I. Staquicini
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (F.I.S.); (W.A.)
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Wadih Arap
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (F.I.S.); (W.A.)
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Renata Pasqualini
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (F.I.S.); (W.A.)
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- Correspondence: (L.O.S.); (R.P.)
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Gopalan D, Pandey A, Alex AT, Kalthur G, Pandey S, Udupa N, Mutalik S. Nanoconstructs as a versatile tool for detection and diagnosis of Alzheimer biomarkers. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:142002. [PMID: 33238254 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abcdcb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The current review focuses towards the advancements made in the past decade in the field of nanotechnology for the early Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis. This review includes the application of nanomaterials and nanosensors for the early detection of the main AD biomarkers (amyloid beta, phosphorylated tau, apolipoprotein E4 allele or APOE4, microRNAs, cholesterol, hydrogen peroxide etc) in biological fluids, to detect the biomarkers at a very low concentration ranging in pico, femto and even atto molar concentrations. The field of drug development has always aimed and is constantly working on developing disease modifying drugs, but these drugs will only succeed when given in the early disease stages. Thus, developing efficient diagnostic tools is of vital importance. Various nanomaterials such as liposomes; dendrimers; polymeric nanoparticles; coordination polymers; inorganic nanoparticles such as silica, manganese oxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, super paramagnetic iron oxides; quantum dots, silver nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, and carbon based nanostructures (carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, nanofibres, nanodiamonds, carbon dots); Up-conversion nanoparticles; 2D nanomaterials; and radioactive nanoprobes have been used in constructing and improving efficiency of nano-sensors for AD biosensing at an early stage of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Gopalan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576 104, India
| | - Abhijeet Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576 104, India
| | - Angel Treasa Alex
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576 104, India
| | - Guruprasad Kalthur
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576 104, India
| | - Sureshwar Pandey
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The university of West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica
| | - Nayanabhirama Udupa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576 104, India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576 104, India
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Sillerud LO, Yang Y, Yang LY, Duval KB, Thompson J, Yang Y. Longitudinal monitoring of microglial/macrophage activation in ischemic rat brain using Iba-1-specific nanoparticle-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:S117-S133. [PMID: 32960690 PMCID: PMC7687035 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20953913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Microglial/macrophage activation plays a dual role in response to brain injury after a stroke, promoting early neuroinflammation and benefit for neurovascular recovery. Therefore, the dynamics of stroke-induced cerebral microglial/macrophage activation are of substantial interest. This study used novel anti-Iba-1-targeted superparamagnetic iron-platinum (FePt) nanoparticles in conjunction with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure the spatiotemporal changes of the microglial/macrophage activation in living rat brain for four weeks post-stroke. Ischemic lesion areas were identified and measured using T2-weighted MR images. After injection of the FePt-nanoparticles, T2*-weighted MR images showed that the nanoparticles were seen solely in brain regions that coincided with areas of active microglia/macrophages detected by post-mortem immunohistochemistry. Good agreement in morphological and distributive dynamic changes was also observed between the Fe+-cells and the Iba-1+-microglia/macrophages. The spatiotemporal changes of nanoparticle detected by T2*-weighted images paralleled the changes of microglial/macrophage activation and phenotypes measured by post-mortem immunohistochemistry over the four weeks post-stroke. Maximum microglial/macrophage activation occurred seven days post-stroke for both measures, and the diminished activation found after two weeks continued to four weeks. Our results suggest that nanoparticle-enhanced MRI may constitute a novel approach for monitoring the dynamic development of neuroinflammation in living animals during the progression and treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel O Sillerud
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- BRaIN Imaging Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Yirong Yang
- BRaIN Imaging Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Lisa Y Yang
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Kelsey B Duval
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jeffrey Thompson
- Center for Memory and Aging, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Yi Yang, Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, MSC11 6035, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA.
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10
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Zhang X, Zhou J, Gu Z, Zhang H, Gong Q, Luo K. Advances in nanomedicines for diagnosis of central nervous system disorders. Biomaterials 2020; 269:120492. [PMID: 33153757 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In spite of a great improvement in medical health services and an increase in lifespan, we have witnessed a skyrocket increase in the incidence of central nervous system (CNS) disorders including brain tumors, neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease), ischemic stroke, and epilepsy, which have seriously undermined the quality of life and substantially increased economic and societal burdens. Development of diagnostic methods for CNS disorders is still in the early stage, and the clinical outcomes suggest these methods are not ready for the challenges associated with diagnosis of CNS disorders, such as early detection, specific binding, sharp contrast, and continuous monitoring of therapeutic interventions. Another challenge is to overcome various barrier structures during delivery of diagnostic agents, especially the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Fortunately, utilization of nanomaterials has been pursued as a potential and promising strategy to address these challenges. This review will discuss anatomical and functional structures of BBB and transport mechanisms of nanomaterials across the BBB, and special emphases will be placed on the state-of-the-art advances in the development of nanomedicines from a variety of nanomaterials for diagnosis of CNS disorders. Meanwhile, current challenges and future perspectives in this field are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Amgen Bioprocessing Centre, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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11
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Sousa JCE, Santana ACF, MagalhÃes GJP. Resveratrol in Alzheimer's disease: a review of pathophysiology and therapeutic potential. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2020; 78:501-511. [PMID: 32520230 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive and irreversible loss of cognitive function. The presence of senile plaques is one of the pathological markers of the disease and is associated with the onset of neuroinflammatory mechanisms. The exact pathophysiology of AD has not been completely understood, and there are no curative therapies yet. Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a polyphenol that is noted for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. OBJECTIVE To review the role of resveratrol in the pathophysiological aspects of AD. METHODS This study carried out a literature review using PubMed/Medline, Virtual Health Library (VHL), Web of Sciences, SCOPUS and the Cochrane Library databases. Original research articles, describing both in vitro and in vivo experiments, published between 2008 and 2018, were included. RESULTS We identified 667 articles, of which 619 were excluded because they were repeated or did not follow the inclusion criteria. The present study includes the remaining 48 articles. DISCUSSION Resveratrol demonstrates beneficial and protective effects in AD models and seems to provide a promising therapeutic alternative. CONCLUSION Although resveratrol appears to mitigate some pathophysiological aspects of AD, further studies are needed to prove the safety and efficacy of this compound in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Canto E Sousa
- Universidade Salvador, Escola de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Nutrição, Salvador BA, Brazil
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12
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Haghighi AH, Khorasani MT, Faghih Z, Farjadian F. Effects of different quantities of antibody conjugated with magnetic nanoparticles on cell separation efficiency. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03677. [PMID: 32280795 PMCID: PMC7136644 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles (Ab-MNPs) have received considerable attention in bioseparation and clinical diagnostics assays due to their unique ability to detect and isolate a variety of biomolecules and cells. Because antibodies can be expensive, a key challenge for bioconjugation is to determine the optimal amount of antibodies with reasonable antigen-capturing activity. We designed an approach to determine the minimum amounts of antibodies for efficient coating. Different quantities of Herceptin (anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2: HER2) antibody were applied and immobilized on the surface of MNPs. Antibody binding was then checked by using an anti-human antibody conjugated with fluorochrome and flow cytometry. When the ratio of MNPs to antibodies increased from 0.79 to 795.45, mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of conjugated MNPs decreased markedly from 185.56 to 20.07, indicating lower surface antibody coverage. We then investigated the relation between antibody content and isolation efficiency. Three Ab-MNP samples with different MFI were used to isolate SK-BR-3, a HER2-positive breast cancer cell line, from mixtures of whole blood or mononuclear cells. After isolation in a magnetic field, separation efficiency was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry-based techniques. Our results collectively showed that the amount of anti-HER2 antibodies for conjugation with MNPs could be decreased by as much as one-fifteenth without compromising isolation efficiency, which in turn can reduce the cost of immunoassay biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Haghighi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Faghih
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Farjadian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Ulanova M, Poljak A, Wen W, Bongers A, Gloag L, Gooding J, Tilley R, Sachdev P, Braidy N. Nanoparticles as contrast agents for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:725-743. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle (NP)-based magnetic contrast agents have opened the potential for MRI to be used for early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This article aims to review the current progress of research in this field. A comprehensive literature search was performed based on PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, PsychINFO and Scopus databases using the following terms: ‘Alzheimer’s disease’ AND ‘nanoparticles’ AND ‘Magnetic Resonance Imaging.’ 33 studies were included that described the development and utility of various NPs for AD imaging, including their coating, functionalization, MRI relaxivity, toxicity and bioavailability. NPs show immense promise for neuroimaging, due to superior relaxivity and biocompatibility compared with currently available imaging agents. Consistent reporting is imperative for further progress in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ulanova
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Anne Poljak
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Andre Bongers
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Biological Resources Imaging Laboratory, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Lucy Gloag
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Richard Tilley
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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14
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Luo S, Ma C, Zhu MQ, Ju WN, Yang Y, Wang X. Application of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases With Emphasis on Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:21. [PMID: 32184709 PMCID: PMC7058693 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by chronic progressive degeneration of the structure and function of the nervous system, which brings an enormous burden on patients, their families, and society. It is difficult to make early diagnosis, resulting from the insidious onset and progressive development of neurodegenerative diseases. The drugs on the market cannot cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) effectively, which leads to unfavorable prognosis and less effective treatments. Therefore, there is an urgent demand to develop a novel detection method and therapeutic strategies. Recently, nanomedicine has aroused considerable attention for diagnosis and therapy of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Nanoparticles integrate targeting, imaging, and therapy in one system and facilitate the entry of drug molecules across the blood-brain barrier, offering new hope to patients. In this review, we summarize the application of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative disease, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We focus on IONPs as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents (CAs) and drug carriers in AD. What most neurodegenerative diseases have in common is that hall marker lesions are represented by protein aggregates (Soto and Pritzkow, 2018). These diseases are of unknown etiology and unfavorable prognosis, and the treatments toward them are less effective (Soto and Pritzkow, 2018). Such diseases usually develop in aged people, and early clinical manifestations are atypical, resulting in difficulty in early diagnosis. Recently, nanomedicine has aroused considerable attention for therapy and diagnosis of CNS diseases because it integrates targeting, imaging, and therapy in one system (Gupta et al., 2019). In this review article, we first introduce the neurodegenerative diseases and commonly used MRI CAs. Then we review the application of IONPs in the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases with the purpose of assisting early theranostics (therapy and diagnosis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Luo
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chi Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ming-Qin Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei-Na Ju
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Gopalan D, Pandey A, Udupa N, Mutalik S. Receptor specific, stimuli responsive and subcellular targeted approaches for effective therapy of Alzheimer: Role of surface engineered nanocarriers. J Control Release 2019; 319:183-200. [PMID: 31866505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The present review deals in-depth with the current application of nanotechnology in targeting the major pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. This review further focuses on the surface modification of the nanocarriers using antibody, aptamers, proteins and peptides for specific targeting in the brain by overcoming the biological barriers such as blood brain barrier. The stimuli responsive/pulsatile drug delivery nanoplatforms using stimuli such as pH, temperature, photo-thermal, reactive oxygen species, ultrasonic stimulation and electrical stimulation, which help to create a micro-environment to either trigger the site-specific drug release from the nanoplatform or to reduce the disease burden in the brain, have been discussed. The targeting of nanoplatforms to sub-cellular compartments such as mitochondria, nuclei, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus and lysosomes along with receptor specific interactions such as such folate, lactoferrin, transferrin, insulin and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors has been included to give reader an idea about strategies to enhance cellular co-localization and receptor based targeting of nanoparticles to enhance efficacy of delivery platform. This article describes the various type of nanoplatforms which include lipidic nanoplatforms, polymeric nanoplatforms, inorganic nanoplatforms (metallic nanocarriers, quantum dots, ceramic based nanocarriers), carbon based nanocarriers and cell derived or biomimetic (exosomes and virus based) nanoplatforms, to either deliver the active ingredient or to themselves target the Alzheimer's disease pathology. Thus the review gives a detailed insight of all the recent research studies carried out using nanotechnology in the field of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Gopalan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Research, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Abhijeet Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Research, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Nayanabhirama Udupa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Research, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Research, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
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Nanoformulation properties, characterization, and behavior in complex biological matrices: Challenges and opportunities for brain-targeted drug delivery applications and enhanced translational potential. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 148:146-180. [PMID: 30797956 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanocarriers (synthetic/cell-based have attracted enormous interest for various therapeutic indications, including neurodegenerative disorders. A broader understanding of the impact of nanomedicines design is now required to enhance their translational potential. Nanoformulations in vivo journey is significantly affected by their physicochemical properties including the size, shape, hydrophobicity, elasticity, and surface charge/chemistry/morphology, which play a role as an interface with the biological environment. Understanding protein corona formation is crucial in characterizing nanocarriers and evaluating their interactions with biological systems. In this review, the types and properties of the brain-targeted nanocarriers are discussed. The biological factors and nanocarriers properties affecting their in vivo behavior are elaborated. The compositional description of cell culture and biological matrices, including proteins potentially relevant to protein corona built-up on nanoformulation especially for brain administration, is provided. Analytical techniques of characterizing nanocarriers in complex matrices, their advantages, limitations, and implementation challenges in industrial GMP environment are discussed. The uses of orthogonal complementary characterization approaches of nanocarriers are also covered.
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Sillerud LO. Quantitative [Fe]MRI determination of the dynamics of PSMA-targeted SPIONs discriminates among prostate tumor xenografts based on their PSMA expression. J Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 48:469-481. [PMID: 29331081 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need for a quantitative MRI method for iron concentration magnetic resonance imaging suitable for measuring the delivery of targeted superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) to tumors. PURPOSE To apply our newly developed [Fe]MRI method to the quantitative imaging in both space and time of the iron dynamics of anti-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) conjugated SPIONs within human prostate tumor xenografts in nude mice. STUDY TYPE Longitudinal. ANIMAL MODEL 45 Harlan Sprague Dawley athymic nude mice bearing xenografts from PSMA-positive LNCaP, C4-2 and PSMA-negative DU145 tumors from human prostate tumor cell lines. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 1.0 Tesla/ T1 and T2 weighted spin echo. ASSESSMENT Image intensity and contrast measurements. STATISTICAL TESTS Student's t-test. RESULTS The SPION diffusion coefficient within tumors was D = 44.8 ± 2.4 × 10-6 mm2 /s. The iron taken up by PSMA-positive LNCaP and C4-2 tumors was proportional to the tail-vein injected dose from 60 nmol to 1.6 μmol; injection of 1 μmol of iron in anti-PSMA conjugated SPIONs resulted in a tumor [Fe] of 76 μM. Even at the highest iron dose of 1.6 μmol, the PSMA-negative DU145 tumors took up no significant iron from the anti-PSMA conjugated SPIONs. A similar lack of nonspecific uptake was observed when the antibodies against PSMA were omitted from the injected SPION preparation. The fraction of the initial iron dose that was taken up by PSMA-positive tumors was 2.32 ± 0.75% (n = 10); uptake by the PSMA-negative DU145 tumors and for SPIONs without anti-PSMA antibodies was 0.16 ± 0.34% (n = 7) giving a ratio of [Fe] in PSMA + versus PSMA- tumors greater than 15:1 (P = 0.01). DATA CONCLUSION Quantitative [Fe]MRI of anti-PSMA conjugated SPIONs discriminated between PSMA-positive LNCaP and C4-2 and PSMA-negative DU145 human prostate tumor xenografts in vivo. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2018;48:469-481.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel O Sillerud
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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18
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Abstract
The fields of biomedical nanotechnology and theranostics have enjoyed exponential growth in recent years. The "Molecular Imaging in Nanotechnology and Theranostics" (MINT) Interest Group of the World Molecular Imaging Society (WMIS) was created in order to provide a more organized and focused forum on these topics within the WMIS and at the World Molecular Imaging Conference (WMIC). The interest group was founded in 2015 and was officially inaugurated during the 2016 WMIC. The overarching goal of MINT is to bring together the many scientists who work on molecular imaging approaches using nanotechnology and those that work on theranostic agents. MINT therefore represents scientists, labs, and institutes that are very diverse in their scientific backgrounds and areas of expertise, reflecting the wide array of materials and approaches that drive these fields. In this short review, we attempt to provide a condensed overview over some of the key areas covered by MINT. Given the breadth of the fields and the given space constraints, we have limited the coverage to the realm of nanoconstructs, although theranostics is certainly not limited to this domain. We will also focus only on the most recent developments of the last 3-5 years, in order to provide the reader with an intuition of what is "in the pipeline" and has potential for clinical translation in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysafis Andreou
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Suchetan Pal
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Lara Rotter
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jiang Yang
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Moritz F Kircher
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nanotechnology (CMINT), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Kaushik AC, Kumar A, Dwivedi VD, Bharadwaj S, Kumar S, Bharti K, Kumar P, Chaudhary RK, Mishra SK. Deciphering the Biochemical Pathway and Pharmacokinetic Study of Amyloid βeta-42 with Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) Using Systems Biology Approach. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:3224-3236. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0546-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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