1
|
Chalet C, Lesage D, Darii E, Perret A, Alves S, Gimbert Y, Tabet JC. Enantioselective Reduction of Noncovalent Complexes of Amino Acids with Cu II via Resonant Collision-Induced Dissociation: Collision Energy, Activation Duration Effects, and RRKM Modeling. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:456-465. [PMID: 38372248 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Formation of noncovalent complexes is one of the approaches to perform chiral analysis with mass spectrometry. Enantiomeric distinction of amino acids (AAs) based on the relative rate constants of competitive fragmentations of quaternary copper complexes is an efficient method for chiral differentiation. Here, we studied the complex [CuII,(Phe,PhG,Pro-H)]+ (m/z 493) under resonant collision-induced dissociation conditions while varying the activation time. The precursor ion can yield two main fragments through the loss of the non-natural AA phenylglycine (PhG): the expected product ion [CuII,(Phe,Pro-H)]+ (m/z 342) and the reduced product ion [CuI,(Phe,Pro)]+ (m/z 343). Enantioselective reduction describes the difference in relative abundance of these ions, which depends on the chirality of the precursor ion: the formation of the reduced ion m/z 343 is favored in homochiral complexes (DDD) compared to heterochiral complexes (such as LDD). Energy-resolved mass spectrometry data show that reduction, which arises from rearrangement, is favored at a low collision energy (CE) and long activation time (ActT), whereas direct cleavage preferentially occurs at a high CE and short ActT. These results were confirmed with kinetic modeling based on RRKM theory. For this modeling, it was necessary to set a pre-exponential factor as a reference, so that the E0 values obtained are relative values. Interestingly, these simulations showed that the critical energy E0 required to form the reduced ion is comparable in both homochiral and heterochiral complexes. However, the formation of product ion m/z 342 through direct cleavage is associated with a lower E0 in heterochiral complexes. Consequently, enantioselectivity would not be caused by enhanced reduction in homochiral complexes but rather by direct cleavage being favored in heterochiral complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clément Chalet
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Denis Lesage
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ekaterina Darii
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Alain Perret
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Sandra Alves
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yves Gimbert
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), 75005 Paris, France
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 5250, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38058 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Claude Tabet
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), 75005 Paris, France
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zlibut E, May JC, McLean JA. Enantiomer Differentiation of Amino Acid Stereoisomers by Structural Mass Spectrometry Using Noncovalent Trinuclear Copper Complexes. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:996-1002. [PMID: 35580025 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Previous work has demonstrated that copper complexation strategies can be used with tandem MS (MS/MS) and, more recently, ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) to differentiate chiral isomers based upon enantiomeric-specific binding. In this study, we investigate the separation of chiral amino acids (AAs) forming trinuclear complexes that can be directly resolved by IM-MS analyses. Twenty standard AAs of both d- and l-chirality were investigated. Specific AAs including d/l-histidine, d/l-proline, d/l-glutamine, d/l-tyrosine, and d/l-tryptophan were evaluated as "chiral selectors" that, when combined with copper, were found to promote selective complexation with specific AA enantiomers. Significant enantiomer differentiation was observed in the IM spectra for hydrophobic AAs acids with peak-to-peak resolutions ranging from 0.63 to 1.15. Among the chiral selectors investigated, histidine provided the best enantioselectivity, followed by tryptophan, suggesting the aromatic structure plays an important role in forming chiral-specific ion complexes. Unlike MS/MS methods where chiral selectors with l-stereochemistry enhance the differentiation, the chirality of the selector was found to have no significant effect on observed IM separation with both d- and l-selectors providing similar resolutions but with inverted IM arrival time ordering. To investigate the structural differences between resolvable chiral complexes, a combination of MS/MS, collision cross-section (CCS) measurements, and molecular mechanics techniques was used. Candidate trinuclear structures of the stoichiometry [(Cu2+)3(d/lIle)3(lHis)2 - 5H]+ were constructed with guidance from empirical MS/MS results. Of the 48 theoretical structures generated, one enantiomeric cluster pair yielded close correlation (<1%) with experimental CCS measurements, suggesting the most enantioselective ion complexes observed in this work are bridged by three coppers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Zlibut
- Center for Innovative Technology, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology, Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235 United States
| | - Jody C May
- Center for Innovative Technology, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology, Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235 United States
| | - John A McLean
- Center for Innovative Technology, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology, Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235 United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang C, Liu Y, Liu R, Li W, Liu C, He L. Chiral probe for mass spectrometric identification and quantitation of levodropropizine and its enantiomer, dextrodropropizine. Chirality 2022; 34:955-967. [PMID: 35506518 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Acyl chlorides react rapidly with hydroxyl and amino groups in the absence of catalysts and therefore hold great promise for chiral mass spectrometry. Herein, a tandem mass spectrometry method based on derivatization with (-)-camphanic acid chloride as a simple chiral probe was developed for the highly sensitive detection and quantitation of levodropropizine and its enantiomer, namely, dextrodropropizine. The diastereomeric derivatization products were quantified based on the relative abundances of their fragment ions produced upon collision-induced dissociation in positive-ion mode. The reactive site was elucidated using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and two-dimensional total correlation spectroscopy, and the reaction mechanism was proved by stoichiometry studies. The degree of isomer recognition was investigated at different collision energies and determined as Rchiral ≈ 1.5. Thus, this study gives the way to the mass spectrometric identification and quantitation of levodropropizine and its enantiomer, and the developed method represents a new and practical technique for rapid and sensitive determination and quality control of enantiomers of chiral drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caiyu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Changxiao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lan He
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang L, Gao Z, Yin X, He Q, Pan Y. Exploration of disaccharide as reference towards chiral recognition by the kinetic method. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8764. [PMID: 32079037 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE A potential use of disaccharides was found as reference compounds in the kinetic method for chiral recognition and enantiomeric quantification. METHODS The experimental procedure consists of three steps: (1) mixing a metal salt, an analyte and a disaccharide at a molar ratio of 1:2:2 with an analyte concentration of 20 μM; (2) introducing the mixture into an electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry source; (3) isolating the ion [MII (ref*)2 (A) - H]+ and subjecting it to dissociation. Then through the relative ratio of two product ions combined with the kinetic method, chiral recognition and enantiomeric quantification can be achieved. RESULTS The method was verified with good chiral recognition for ten chiral amino acids and three chiral drugs. Among the ten amino acids, Tyr was observed to show best chiral selectivity (Rchiral = 1.62) and good linearity with the correlation coefficient R2 = 0.9991 for the quantitation of the enantiomeric excess (ee) of D-Tyr. Among the tested chiral drugs, naproxen showed best chiral selectivity with Rchiral = 1.56 and good linearity with the correlation coefficient R2 = 0.9997 for the quantitation of the ee of R-naproxen. CONCLUSIONS This established approach proves that a disaccharide can serve as a reference compound for chiral recognition using the kinetic method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhan Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xinchi Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Quan He
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Homochiral vs. heterochiral sodium core dimers of tartaric acid esters: A mass spectrometry and vibrational spectroscopy study. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
6
|
Lynch CC, De Los Santos ZA, Wolf C. Chiroptical sensing of unprotected amino acids, hydroxy acids, amino alcohols, amines and carboxylic acids with metal salts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:6297-6300. [PMID: 31089587 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02525a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Optical chirality sensing of unprotected amino acids, hydroxy acids, amino alcohols, amines and carboxylic acids based on a practical mix-and-measure protocol with readily available copper, iron, palladium, manganese, cerium or rhodium salts is demonstrated. The generation of strong cotton effects allows quantitative ee analysis of small sample amounts with high speed. In contrast to previously reported assays the use of chromophoric reporter ligands and the control of metal coordination kinetics and redox chemistry are not necessary which greatly simplifies the sensing procedure with the benefit of reduced waste production and cost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ciarán C Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Y, Wang L, Chen X, Sun C, Zhu Y, Kang Y, Zeng S. Chiral detection of entecavir stereoisomeric impurities through coordination with R-besivance and Zn II using mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2018; 53:247-256. [PMID: 29314359 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a mass spectrometry (MS)-based kinetic method (KM) is shown to be successful at analyzing a multichiral center drug stereoisomer, entecavir (ETV), both qualitatively and quantitatively. On the basis of the KM, the bivalent complex ion [MII (A)(ref*)2 ]2+ (MII = divalent metal ion, A = analyte, and ref* = chiral reference) was set as precursor ion in MS/MS. The experiment results suggest strong chiral selectivity between ETV and its isomers when using ZnII coordinated with the chiral reference R-besivance (R-B). The logarithm of the fragment ion abundance ratio and the enantiomeric percentage (%) exhibits a strong linear relation because of the competitive loss of the reference and analyte. The product ion pair [ZnII (R-B)A-H]+ (m/z 733) and [ZnII (R-B)2 -H]+ (m/z 849), together with [R-B + H]+ (m/z 394) and [A + H]+ (m/z 278), can realize the identification of ETV and all of its chiral isomers. Theoretical calculation were also performed using the B3LYP functional with the 6-31G* and LanL2DZ basis set to clarify the mechanism of structural difference of these bivalent complex ions. The results reveal that MS-KM can be used to detect optical impurities without a chiral chromatographic column and fussy sample pretreatment. The established method has been used to determine stereoisomeric impurities of less than 0.1% in ETV crude drug, a demonstration of its simple and effective nature for rapid detection of stereoisomeric impurities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yali Wang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Drug Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Drug Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolei Chen
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Drug Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cuirong Sun
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Drug Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yixin Zhu
- Zhejiang Haochuang Biotech Co, Ltd, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Kang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Drug Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Su Zeng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Drug Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Campbell MT, Chen D, Wallbillich NJ, Glish GL. Distinguishing Biologically Relevant Hexoses by Water Adduction to the Lithium-Cationized Molecule. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10504-10510. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Campbell
- Department of Chemistry,
Caudill Laboratories, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Dazhe Chen
- Department of Chemistry,
Caudill Laboratories, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Nicholas J. Wallbillich
- Department of Chemistry,
Caudill Laboratories, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Gary L. Glish
- Department of Chemistry,
Caudill Laboratories, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang L, Wang Y, Chai Y, Kang Y, Sun C, Zeng S. Nickel(II)-assisted enantiomeric differentiation and quantitation of tadalafil by direct electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2017; 52:411-416. [PMID: 28470986 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A facile method based on electrospray mass spectrometry was established and validated for the differentiation of enantiomeric tadalafil isomers without using chiral chromatographic separation. The enantiomers were coupled with a chiral selector to form diastereomeric complex ions. Nickel-tadalafil complexes, [NiII (tadalafil)(l-Trp)-H]+ , produced a characteristic fragment ion at m/z 524 by loss of 1-methyl-1,6-dihydropyrazine-2,5-dione via collision-induced dissociation. The relative abundance of this fragment ion to the precursor contributed to differentiate tadalafil enantiomers, and energy-resolved product-ion spectra were applied to determine the molar composition of tadalafil in the mixture (R,R and S,S) as well. In addition, the other two forms of stereomeric isomers of tadalafil (R,S and S,R) could be also distinguished and analyzed by this method. The method was validated in different types of mass spectrometers (AB quadrupole time-of-flight and Bruker ion trap) and also verified by a chiral high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight. The chiral determination of tadalafil using MS method proved to be rapid (1-min run time for each sample) and to have the same accuracy and precision comparable to chiral liquid chromatography mass spectrometry methods. This method provides an alternative to commonly used chromatographic technique for chiral determination and is particularly useful in rapid screening in enantioselective synthesis and enantiomeric impurity detection in pharmaceutical industry. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Wang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Y Wang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Y Chai
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Y Kang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - C Sun
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - S Zeng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yu X, Yao ZP. Chiral recognition and determination of enantiomeric excess by mass spectrometry: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 968:1-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
11
|
Rebrov O, Kulyk K, Ryding M, Thomas RD, Uggerud E, Larsson M. Chirally sensitive collision induced dissociation of proton-bound diastereomeric complexes of tryptophan and 2-butanol. Chirality 2017; 29:115-119. [PMID: 28332282 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work we report the stereo-dependent collision-induced dissociation (CID) of proton-bound complexes of tryptophan and 2-butanol. The dissociation efficiency was measured as a function of collision energy in single collision mode. The homochiral complex was found to be less stable against CID than a heterochiral one. Additional gas dependence measurements were performed with diastereomeric complexes that confirm the findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksii Rebrov
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kostiantyn Kulyk
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mauritz Ryding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Richard D Thomas
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Einar Uggerud
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mats Larsson
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yin Q, Wang L, Sun C. Rapid identification of miglitol and its isomers by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30 Suppl 1:155-161. [PMID: 27539431 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Miglitol (1) derived from 1-deoxynojirimycin is an iminosugar that is useful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Isomers (2, 3, 4) that differ at the C2 and C3 positions of hydroxyl groups from miglitol are impurities resulting from the synthesis of miglitol. The impurity profile of a drug substance is critical to its safety assessment and is important for monitoring the manufacturing process. Therefore, developing a fast and simple method that can rapidly identify the configuration of miglitol and its isomers (2, 3, 4) is necessary. METHODS Miglitol (1) and its isomers 2-4 were derivatized with benzoboroxole (o-hydroxymethyl phenylboronic acid) at room temperature, and the cyclic boronate esters of different configurations were generated. Protonated miglitol and its isomers 2-4, as well as their derivatives, were subjected to collision-induced dissociation (CID) experiments by using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). Elemental compositions of all the ions were verified by electrospray ion-trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RESULTS Fragmentation of the protonated miglitol and its isomers gave the same fragment ions at m/z 190 and m/z 146. Both their fragmentation behavior and abundances were similar. Whereas the CID mass spectra of the precursor ions (m/z 322) of cyclic boronate esters showed four characteristic fragment ions, m/z 214 ([M-C7 H8 O](-) ), m/z 196 ([M-C7 H8 O-H2 O](-) ), m/z 151 ([M-C8 H13 NO3 ](-) ), and m/z 133 ([M-C8 H15 NO4 ](-) ). The abundances of these fragments are different which are related to the stereostructure of miglitol and its isomers. CONCLUSIONS A facile method was established for the differentiation of the spatial configuration of miglitol and its isomers using the relative abundances of the fragment ions of boronate esters generated from in-situ reaction between analytes and benzoboroxole by ESI-MS/MS. This approach could be used to rapidly identify the stereoisomers and monitor the epimerization of miglitol and its isomers in chemical reactions and manufacturing processes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Yin
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Cuirong Sun
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Boesl U, Kartouzian A. Mass-Selective Chiral Analysis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2016; 9:343-364. [PMID: 27070181 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Three ways of realizing mass-selective chiral analysis are reviewed. The first is based on the formation of diastereomers that are of homo- and hetero- type with respect to the enantiomers of involved chiral molecules. This way is quite well-established with numerous applications. The other two ways are more recent developments, both based on circular dichroism (CD). In one, conventional or nonlinear electronic CD is linked to mass spectrometry (MS) by resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization. The other is based on CD in the angular distribution of photoelectrons, which is measured in combination with MS via photoion photoelectron coincidence. Among the many important applications of mass-selective chiral analysis, this review focuses on its use as an analytical tool for the development of heterogeneous enantioselective chemical catalysis. There exist other approaches to combine chiral analysis and mass-selective detection, such as chiral chromatography MS, which are not discussed here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Boesl
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany; ,
| | - Aras Kartouzian
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany; ,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bain RM, Yan X, Raab SA, Ayrton ST, Flick TG, Cooks RG. On-line chiral analysis using the kinetic method. Analyst 2016; 141:2441-6. [PMID: 26979554 DOI: 10.1039/c6an00100a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chiral analysis of constituents in solution-phase reaction mixtures can be performed by tandem mass spectrometry using the kinetic method to determine the enantiomeric excess (ee).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Bain
- Department of Chemistry
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Chemistry
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
| | | | | | | | - R. Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
- Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Monosaccharide Identification as a First Step toward de Novo Carbohydrate Sequencing: Mass Spectrometry Strategy for the Identification and Differentiation of Diastereomeric and Enantiomeric Pentose Isomers. Anal Chem 2015; 87:4566-71. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
16
|
Nagy G, Pohl NLB. Complete hexose isomer identification with mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 26:677-685. [PMID: 25652933 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-1072-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The first analytical method is presented for the identification and absolute configuration determination of all 24 aldohexose and 2-ketohexose isomers, including the D and L enantiomers for allose, altrose, galactose, glucose, gulose, idose, mannose, talose, fructose, psicose, sorbose, and tagatose. Two unique fixed ligand kinetic method combinations were discovered to create significant enough energetic differences to achieve chiral discrimination among all 24 hexoses. Each of these 24 hexoses yields unique ratios of a specific pair of fragment ions that allows for simultaneous determination of identification and absolute configuration. This mass spectrometric-based methodology can be readily employed for accurate identification of any isolated monosaccharide from an unknown biological source. This work provides a key step towards the goal of complete de novo carbohydrate analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabe Nagy
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Calvo F. Atomistic Modeling of IR Action Spectra Under Circularly Polarized Electromagnetic Fields: Toward Action VCD Spectra. Chirality 2015; 27:253-61. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florent Calvo
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique; Université Joseph Fourier; Grenoble France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nagy T, Kuki Á, Antal B, Nagy L, Purgel M, Sipos A, Nagy M, Zsuga M, Kéki S. Chiral differentiation of the noscapine and hydrastine stereoisomers by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2015; 50:240-246. [PMID: 25601699 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Energy-dependent collision-induced dissociation (CID) of the dimers [2 M + Cat](+) of the noscapine and hydrastine stereoisomers was studied where Cat stands for Li(+), Na(+), K(+) and Cs(+) ions. These dimers were generated 'in situ' from the electrosprayed solution. The survival yield (SY) method was used for distinguishing the noscapine and hydrastine dimers. Significant differences were found between the characteristic collision energies (CE50, i.e. the collision energy necessary to obtain 50% fragmentation) of the homo- (R,R; S,S) and heterochiral (R,S; S,R) stereoisomers. To distinguish the enantiomer pairs L-, D-tyrosine ([M + Tyr + Cat](+)) and L-, D-lysine ([M + Lys + Cat](+)) were used as chiral selectors. Furthermore, these heterodimers [M + amino acid + Cat](+) were also applied to determine the stereoisomeric composition. It was found that the characteristic collision energy (CE50) of the noscapine and hydrastine homodimers ([2 M + Cat](+)) was inversely proportional to the ionic radius of the cations. Furthermore, the structures of the dimers [2 M + Cat](+) were studied by high level quantum chemical calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Nagy
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Domalain V, Hubert-Roux M, Tognetti V, Joubert L, Lange CM, Rouden J, Afonso C. Enantiomeric differentiation of aromatic amino acids using traveling wave ion mobility-mass spectrometry. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc00443d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work describes the first differentiation of amino acids enantiomers using the coupling of traveling wave ion mobility and mass spectrometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jacques Rouden
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique
- UMR 6507
- FR 3038
- ENSICAEN
- Université de Caen
| | - Carlos Afonso
- Normandie Univ
- COBRA
- UMR 6014
- FR 3038
- Université de Rouen
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Domalain V, Tognetti V, Hubert-Roux M, Lange CM, Joubert L, Baudoux J, Rouden J, Afonso C. Role of cationization and multimers formation for diastereomers differentiation by ion mobility-mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 24:1437-1445. [PMID: 23860852 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0690-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Stereochemistry plays an important role in biochemistry, particularly in therapeutic applications. Indeed, enantiomers have different biological activities, which can have important consequences. Many analytical techniques have been developed in order to allow the identification and the separation of stereoisomers. Here, we focused our work on the study of small diastereomers using the coupling of traveling wave ion mobility and mass spectrometry (TWIMS-MS) as a new alternative for stereochemistry study. In order to optimize the separation, the formation of adducts between diastereomers (M) and different alkali cations (X) was carried out. Thus, monomers [M + X](+) and multimers [2M + X](+) and [3M + X](+) ions have been studied from both experimental and theoretical viewpoints. Moreover, it has been shown that the study of the multimer [2Y + M + Li](+) ion, in which Y is an auxiliary diastereomeric ligand, allows the diastereomers separation. The combination of cationization, multimers ions formation, and IM-MS is a novel and powerful approach for the diastereomers identification. Thus, by this technique, diastereomers can be identified although they present very close conformations in gaseous phase. This work presents the first TWIMS-MS separation of diastereomers, which present very close collision cross section thanks to the formation of multimers and the use of an auxiliary diastereomeric ligand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Domalain
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Piovesana S, Samperi R, Laganà A, Bella M. Determination of Enantioselectivity and Enantiomeric Excess by Mass Spectrometry in the Absence of Chiral Chromatographic Separation: An Overview. Chemistry 2013; 19:11478-94. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
22
|
Sen A, Le Barbu-Debus K, Scuderi D, Zehnacker-Rentien A. Mass Spectrometry Study and Infrared Spectroscopy of the Complex Between Camphor and the Two Enantiomers of Protonated Alanine: The Role of Higher-Energy Conformers in the Enantioselectivity of the Dissociation Rate Constants. Chirality 2013; 25:436-43. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Sen
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, UMR8214, and Univ. Paris-Sud; Orsay France
| | - Katia Le Barbu-Debus
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, UMR8214, and Univ. Paris-Sud; Orsay France
| | - Debora Scuderi
- Univ. Paris-Sud; Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, and CNRS; Orsay France
| | - Anne Zehnacker-Rentien
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, UMR8214, and Univ. Paris-Sud; Orsay France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jin H, Thangadurai TD, Jo SC, Jin D, Cui S, Lee YI. On-line chiral analysis of benzylmercapturic acid and phenylmercapturic acid in human urine using UPLC-QToF mass spectrometry with the kinetic method. Microchem J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
24
|
Karthikraj R, Prabhakar S, Vairamani M. Differentiation of enantiomeric drugs by iodo-substituted L-amino acid references under electrospray ionization mass spectrometric conditions. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:1385-1391. [PMID: 22555933 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE In chiral differentiation by mass spectrometry, use of a single reference that differentiates various classes of compounds including drugs is ideal, but so far there are no such reports in the literature. We have successfully used iodo-substituted amino acids for the chiral differentiation of ten enantiomeric pairs of drugs. METHODS To achieve the chiral differentiation, the trimeric Cu complex ion consisting of two chiral reference molecules and an analyte molecule was generated under positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI) conditions and subsequently subjected for collision- induced dissociation (CID) experiments using an LCQ ion trap mass spectrometer. The spectra were recorded under identical experimental conditions for both the enantiomers, and were averages of 30 scans. Cooks' kinetic method and chiral recognition ratio method (CR method) were used to arrive at the R(chiral) /CR values, respectively. RESULTS The R(chiral) or CR values of the studied drugs are higher for 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine as the reference, than for 4-iodo-L-phenylalanine, except for isoproterenol and atenolol. Both the references show the same selectivity (R- or S-selectivity) towards all the studied drugs. With 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine as the reference, an R(chiral) value of 12.75 is obtained for DOPA and this is the highest reported value in the literature till now. The suitability of the current method in measuring enantiomeric excess is also demonstrated for DOPA. CONCLUSIONS The use of 4-iodo-L-phenylalanine or 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine as a chiral reference for the chiral differentiation of ten enantiomeric pairs of pharmaceutically important drugs has been demonstrated. The chiral differentiation of pregabalin, tenofovir and pramipexole is reported for the first time. This study shows that it is possible to develop a single chiral reference compound for the differentiation of a group of chiral drugs having some similarities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Karthikraj
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007 AP, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
A review of recent advances in mass spectrometric methods for gas-phase chiral analysis of pharmaceutical and biological compounds. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 69:133-47. [PMID: 22579598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chirality has been of great interest in pharmaceutical and biological sciences. The capabilities of mass spectrometry (MS) for rapid analysis of complex mixtures have encouraged its exploration for gas-phase chiral differentiation. Although particular instances of successful discrimination between enantiomers have been reported over the past three decades, a general method of quantitative chiral analysis by MS has only been demonstrated recently. This review describes the current state of the chiral MS methods without chiral chromatographic separation, which fall into five main categories: (1) the kinetic method, (2) host-guest (H-G) diastereomeric adduct formation, (3) ion/molecule (equilibrium) reactions, (4) collision-induced dissociation (CID) of diastereomeric adducts, and (5) the emerging technique for gas-phase separation using ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). It emphasizes tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), which provides several unique analytical advantages for quantitative chiral analysis. These include intrinsically high sensitivity, molecular specificity, and tolerance to impurities as well as the simplicity and speed of the mass spectrometric measurements. Practical prospects and current challenges in quantitative chiral MS techniques for QbD (quality-by-design)-based pharmaceutical applications are also discussed.
Collapse
|
26
|
Major M, Fouquet T, Charles L. Isomeric distinction of small oligosaccharides: a bottom-up approach using the kinetic method. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2011; 22:1252-1259. [PMID: 21953108 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-011-0128-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Isomeric distinction of di- and tri-saccharides could be efficiently achieved by using data previously obtained while performing experiments aimed at discriminating monosaccharides using trimeric ion dissociation with data analysis by the kinetic method. This study shows that effects observed for lower homologues when one of the partners is changed in the metal/reference system (typically a transition metal divalent cation associated to amino acids) can be extrapolated to upper homologues, at least for the tested analyte series. Systems allowing galactose, glucose, and fructose distinction were used as starting conditions to resolve cellobiose, lactose, maltose, and saccharose disaccharides. When a unique dissociation reaction was observed from the trimeric clusters, a new reference was selected based on its propensity to favor the analyte or the reference release, as revealed from monosaccharide experiments, depending on the desired effect. The same approach could be implemented from data obtained for disaccharides to select efficient metal/reference systems to distinguish cellotriose, isomaltotriose, maltotriose, and panose trisaccharides. As a result, method optimization is greatly improved due to an enhanced rationalization of the search for discriminant systems. While 40 systems had to be tested for monosaccharides, by screening five transition metals and eight amino acids, the proposed approach allowed efficient metal/reference systems to be found for disaccharides after testing 18 combinations; then, only four systems had to be scrutinized to achieve trisaccharide distinction. Accurate quantitative analyses could be performed in binary mixtures using three-point calibration curves to correct for competition effects between analytes for the formation of the trimeric clusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Major
- Universités Aix-Marseille I, II & III-CNRS, UMR 6264: Laboratoire Chimie Provence, Spectrométries Appliquées à la Chimie Structurale, Campus Saint-Jérôme, Case 511, 13397, Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Dunbar RC, Steill JD, Oomens J. Chirality-induced conformational preferences in peptide-metal ion binding revealed by IR spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 133:1212-5. [PMID: 21192647 DOI: 10.1021/ja109045j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chirality reversal of a residue in a peptide can change its mode of binding to a metal ion, as shown here experimentally by gas-phase IR spectroscopy of peptide-metal ion complexes. The binding conformations of Li(+), Na(+), and H(+) with the LL and DL stereoisomers of PhePhe were compared through IR ion spectroscopy using the FELIX free-electron laser. For the DL isomer, both Li(+) and Na(+) exclusively coordinate to the amide O atom, the carboxyl O atom, and one of the aromatic rings (the OOR conformation), while for the LL isomer, a mixture of the OOR and NOR conformations was found. The stereochemically induced change in conformation is shown to reflect the strength of an NH···π interaction remote from the metal ion site. Protonated PhePhe shows no stereochemically induced variation in binding geometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Dunbar
- Chemistry Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fouquet T, Charles L. Distinction and quantitation of sugar isomers in ternary mixtures using the kinetic method. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2010; 21:60-67. [PMID: 19836261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2009.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Revised: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative isomeric analysis of fructose, galactose, and glucose was achieved using electrospray ionization and trimeric ion dissociation with data analysis by the kinetic method. Several L-amino acids and divalent metal cations were tested to select the best systems for isomeric distinction and quantitation of each monosaccharide. High discrimination could be achieved for most tested systems, and serine/Cu(2+) and aspartic acid/Mn(2+) were selected for quantitative analysis due to their ability to strongly distinguish the three analytes and to allow long-term reproducible measuring conditions. Accurate quantitative results were obtained for all isomers using three-point corrected calibration curves, which account for the competition effects evidenced to occur between sugars for the formation of the trimeric complexes. As a result, the relative proportion of one isomer in the liquid and in the gas phase depends on the sugar mixture composition. However, for a given reference/metal system, the extent of competition effects was shown to be constant within a given pair of sugars. The correction factors could thus be established based on data obtained from binary mixtures and successfully used for ternary sample analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Fouquet
- Université Aix-Marseille I-CNRS, UMR 6264: Laboratoire Chimie Provence, Spectrométries Appliquées à la Chimie Structurale, Marseille, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
The role of central ion in chiral recognition by taking phenylalanine as an example. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-009-0080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
30
|
Turecek F. Copper-biomolecule complexes in the gas phase. The ternary way. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2007; 26:563-82. [PMID: 17474124 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This review deals with copper complexes of a variety of organic and bioorganic molecules that have been produced as gas-phase ions by electrospray and other ionization methods and studied experimentally by mass spectrometry and theoretically by ab initio and density functional theory computations. Ternary complexes of Cu((II)) allow one to modify the oxidation state and coordination sphere of the copper ion and thus induce novel fragmentations that involve redox and radical-based reactions. Structure elucidation, distinction, and quantitation of leucine and isoleucine isomers in peptides, distinction of enantiomers in chiral compounds, and sensitive detection of antibiotics are some of the highlights of mass spectrometry of ternary copper complexes. Binary copper complexes are mainly represented by Cu((I)) species in which the copper ion displays the properties of a weak Lewis acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Turecek
- Department of Chemistry, Bagley Hall, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1700, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Young BL, Cooks RG, Madden MC, Bair M, Jia J, Aubry AF, Miller SA. Chiral purity assay for Flindokalner using tandem mass spectrometry: Method development, validation, and benchmarking. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 43:1602-8. [PMID: 17298872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2006] [Revised: 12/22/2006] [Accepted: 12/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present work demonstrates the application and validation of a mass spectrometry method for quantitative chiral purity determination. The particular compound analyzed is Flindokalner, a Bristol-Myers Squibb drug candidate for post-stroke neuroprotection. Chiral quantification of Flindokalner was achieved using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and the kinetic method, a gas phase method used for thermochemical and chiral determinations. The MS/MS method was validated and benchmarked against two separate chromatographic techniques, chiral high performance liquid chromatography with ultra-violet detection (LC/UV) and achiral high performance liquid chromatography with circular dichroism detection (LC/CD). The chiral purity determination of Flindokalner using MS/MS proved to be rapid (3 min run time for each sample) and to have accuracy and precision comparable to the chiral LC/UV and achiral LC/CD methods. This method represents an alternative to commonly used chromatographic techniques as a means of chiral purity determination and is particularly useful in rapid screening experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandy L Young
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ravikumar M, Prabhakar S, Vairamani M. Chiral discrimination of α-amino acids by the DNA triplet GCA. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:392-4. [PMID: 17220981 DOI: 10.1039/b613232d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The DNA triplet GCA is successfully used for the first time as a chiral selector for the chiral discrimination and optical purity measurement of some alpha-amino acids by investigating the collision-induced dissociation spectra of the sodiated ternary complex ion formed by electrospray ionization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maddula Ravikumar
- National Center for Mass Spectrometry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
This article introduces the concept of chiral ion mobility spectrometry (CIMS) and presents examples demonstrating the gas-phase separation of enantiomers of a wide range of racemates including pharmaceuticals, amino acids, and carbohydrates. CIMS is similar to traditional ion mobility spectrometry, where gas-phase ions, when subjected to a potential gradient, are separated at atmospheric pressure due to differences in their shapes and sizes. In addition to size and shape, CIMS separates ions based on their stereospecific interaction with a chiral gas. In order to achieve chiral discrimination by CIMS, an asymmetric environment was provided by doping the drift gas with a volatile chiral reagent. In this study (S)-(+)-2-butanol was used as a chiral modifier to demonstrate enantiomeric separations of atenolol, serine, methionine, threonine, methyl alpha-glucopyranoside, glucose, penicillamine, valinol, phenylalanine, and tryptophan from their respective racemic mixtures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prabha Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
| | - Ching Wu
- Excellims Corporation, Acton, MA 01720
| | - Herbert H. Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cong X, Czerwieniec G, McJimpsey E, Ahn S, Troy FA, Lebrilla CB. Structural relationships in small molecule interactions governing gas-phase enantioselectivity and zwitterionic formation. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2006; 17:442-52. [PMID: 16469502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2005.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2005] [Revised: 11/04/2005] [Accepted: 11/21/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Gas-phase zwitterionic amino acids were formed in complexes of underivatized beta-cyclodextrin through reactions with a neutral base, n-propylamine. The reaction was performed in the analyzer cell of an electrospray ionization-Fourier transform mass spectrometer. Most of the natural amino acids were studied with three cyclodextrin hosts including alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrin to understand better the structural features that lead to the stabilization of the zwitterionic complexes. Molecular dynamics calculations were performed to provide insight into the structural features of the complexes. The rate constants of the reactions were obtained through kinetic plots. Examination of both L- and D-enantiomers of the amino acid showed that the reaction was enantioselective. The reaction was then employed to analyze mixtures of Glu enantiomers naturally occurring in the bacteria Bacillus licheniformis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cong
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Schug KA, Lindner W. Chiral molecular recognition for the detection and analysis of enantiomers by mass spectrometric methods. J Sep Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200500232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
36
|
Di Tullio A, Reale S, De Angelis F. Molecular recognition by mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2005; 40:845-65. [PMID: 16034845 DOI: 10.1002/jms.896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A recent major advance in the field of mass spectrometry in the biomolecular sciences is represented by the study of the supramolecular interactions among two or more partners in the gas phase. A great deal of chemistry and most of biochemistry concerns molecular interactions taking place in solution. The electrospray technique, which allows direct sampling from solution, and soft ionization of the solute without deposition into the analyte of large amounts of energy, guarantees in many cases the survival of noncovalent bondings and, hence, the direct analysis of the supramolecular complexes present in the condensed phase. The proper preparation of the solution to be studied and also the expert and accurate setting and use of the instrumental parameters are the prerequisites for gaining results as to the specific interactions between, for instance, a protein conformationally modified by its specific metal ion, eventually, and a ligand molecule. The analysis of the charge state of the protein itself and of the modifications of the complex integrity by activating collisions are also methods for studying the biomolecule-molecule interactions. Accordingly, this new mass spectrometric approach to the supramolecular chemistry, which could be also defined as 'supramolecular mass spectrometry', allows the study of ion-protein, protein-protein, protein-ligand and DNA-drug interactions. Chiral recognition can also be performed in the gas phase, studying by electrospray mass spectrometry the fragmentation of diastereomeric complex ions. Not the least, a deep insight can also be obtained into the formation and nature of inclusion complexes like those formed with crown ethers, cyclodextrins and calixarenes as host molecules. All these topics are treated to a certain extent in this special feature article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Di Tullio
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio Coppito II, I-67010 Coppito L'Aquila Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Schug KA, Lindner W. Stereoselective discrimination and quantification of arginine and N-blocked arginine enantiomers by formation and dissociation of calcium-mediated diastereomeric trimer complexes with a chiral reference compound using electrospray ionization-ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2005; 16:825-34. [PMID: 15907698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2005.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2004] [Revised: 02/02/2005] [Accepted: 02/02/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Chiral resolution of arginine (Arg) and Arg derivatives is demonstrated using electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Calcium ion (Ca(II))-mediated trimeric clusters are generated, which incorporate the analyte of interest and an enantiomerically pure reference molecule of similar metal ion affinity. Two methods, one based on the measurement of a competitive-dissociation-based branching ratio (R(chir)) by the kinetic method (KM) and one based on the measurement of a chiral recognition ratio (CR) by a similar method, are compared. Incorporating N-blocked Arg derivatives (Z-Arg and Boc-Arg) as chiral references provides chiral resolution greater than that previously reported for Arg enantiomers. In a reciprocal manner, pure Arg enantiomers can be used as references for discriminating enantiomers of these N-blocked Arg derivatives. Condensed-phase and gas-phase Ca(II) ion affinity relative to Arg is also addressed qualitatively for other acidic, basic, and neutral amino acids. In some cases, when only one offspring ion is observed (insufficient for KM analysis), the CR method can be applied as an alternative to obtain a measurable stereoselectivity value for the system. The results of these experiments demonstrate the applicability of, and the difference between, the KM and the CR method for improved quantitative analysis of enantiomeric excess for Arg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Schug
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wu L, Cooks RG. Chiral and isomeric analysis by electrospray ionization and sonic spray ionization using the fixed-ligand kinetic method. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2005; 11:231-42. [PMID: 16046808 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The fixed-ligand version of the kinetic method has been used for chiral and for isomeric analysis by studying the dissociation kinetics of transition metal-bound trimeric cluster ions ([(M(II) + L(fixed)-H)(ref*)(An)](+), where M(II) is a transition metal, L fixed is a fixed (non-dissociating) ligand, ref* is a reference ligand and An is the analyte. The trimeric cluster ions are readily generated by electrospray ionization (ESI) or sonic spray ionization (SSI). The size of the fixed ligand, L- Phe-Gly-L-P he-Gly, is chosen based on previous results but with the inclusion of aromatic functionality to increase chiral recognition. Improved chiral/isomeric differentiation results from enhanced chiral/isomeric interactions (metal-ligand and ligand-ligand) due to the fixed ligand. As shown in the cases of chiral dipeptides (D-Ala-D-Ala/L-Ala-L-Ala), sugars (D/L-glucose, D/L-mannose) and isomeric tetrapeptides (L-Ala-Gly-Gly-Gly/Gly-Gly -Gly-L-Ala), improved chiral/isomeric discrimination by factors from three to six were obtained by the fixed ligand procedure. Chiral recognition is independent of the concentrations of the analyte, the reference ligand, the fixed ligand and the transition metal salt, a great advantage for practical applications. In addition to increased chiral distinction, the simplified dissociation kinetics also contribute to improved accuracy in chiral quantification, in comparison with data obtained by investigating the dissociation kinetics of simple trimeric cluster ions [M(II)(ref*)2(An) H](+). Accurate determination of enantiomeric excess (ee) is demonstrated by enantiomeric quantification of D-Ala-D-Ala/L-Ala-L-Ala down to 2% ee. Both ESI and SSI allow chiral quantification with similar accuracies. The performance of chiral analysis experiments is not limited to ion trapping devices such as quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometers by a hybrid quadrupole-time of flight (Q-ToF) mass spectrometer is shown to provide an alternative choice. The fixed-ligand kinetic method is not restricted to any particular kinds of isomers and, hence, represents a general procedure for improving molecular recognition and chiral analysis in the gas phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianming Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Schug KA, Lindner W, Lemr K. Isomeric discrimination of arginine-containing dipeptides using electrospray ionization-ion trap mass spectrometry and the kinetic method. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2004; 15:840-847. [PMID: 15144973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2004.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2003] [Revised: 03/02/2004] [Accepted: 03/02/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The Kinetic Method (KM), applied commonly for thermochemical determinations, is used here for sterically-controlled isomeric determination of N- versus C-terminal Arg-containing dipeptide isomers (ArgX versus XArg; where X = His, Leu, Lys, Pro, Ser, Phe, and Tyr). The KM is offered as an alternate approach to direct collision-induced dissociation (CID) procedures. Through formation, isolation, and dissociation of a sterically-encumbered, metal-centered complex with electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry technology, reference dipeptide molecules are screened to quantitatively differentiate a mixture of isomers based on their arrangement about the metal center. Arg-containing dipeptide molecules are chosen because of their contribution in a wide array of protein and peptide functions. Additionally, problems cited previously for evaluation of systems containing Arg residues (due to the incorporation of the guanidinium moiety) by the KM are addressed. The method is shown to be successful for highlighting favorable reference analytes (e.g., ArgPhe, ArgLeu, ProArg, PheArg, among others) for exceptional discrimination (R(iso) > 2.0) of the majority of N- and C-terminal Arg-containing peptides tested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Schug
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chiral clusters in the gas phase. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3160(04)39004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
41
|
|
42
|
Charles L, Chiron J, Galy JP. Characterization of ammonium chloride derivatives by salt clustering in electrospray mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2003; 17:2471-2474. [PMID: 14608615 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Clustering of ammonium chloride salts was studied using an electrospray source to characterize the form, mono- vs. dihydrochloride, of organic compounds by mass spectrometry. This new way of taking advantage of cluster formation is applied to aminomethylacridines as their storage requires the synthesis of such derivatives. Both positive and negative cluster mass spectra were obtained and allowed the determination of the nature of the hydrochloride forms as the salt mass is straightforwardly derived from the mass of the cluster monomer, calculated from singly and multiply charged ion distributions. The identity of the counterion is confirmed from the mass of the ionic moieties in the clusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Charles
- Centre Régional de Spectrométrie de Masse, Boite 511, Faculté des Sciences de Saint Jérôme, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|