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Crawford LB. Hematopoietic stem cells and betaherpesvirus latency. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1189805. [PMID: 37346032 PMCID: PMC10279960 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1189805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The human betaherpesviruses including human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human herpesvirus (HHV)-6a and HHV-6b, and HHV-7 infect and establish latency in CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HPCs). The diverse repertoire of HPCs in humans and the complex interactions between these viruses and host HPCs regulate the viral lifecycle, including latency. Precise manipulation of host and viral factors contribute to preferential maintenance of the viral genome, increased host cell survival, and specific manipulation of the cellular environment including suppression of neighboring cells and immune control. The dynamic control of these processes by the virus regulate inter- and intra-host signals critical to the establishment of chronic infection. Regulation occurs through direct viral protein interactions and cellular signaling, miRNA regulation, and viral mimics of cellular receptors and ligands, all leading to control of cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Hematopoietic stem cells have unique biological properties and the tandem control of virus and host make this a unique environment for chronic herpesvirus infection in the bone marrow. This review highlights the elegant complexities of the betaherpesvirus latency and HPC virus-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey B Crawford
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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Balsat M, Pillet S, Tavernier E, Cacheux V, Escuret V, Moluçon-Chabrot C, Augeul-Meunier K, Mirand A, Regagnon C, Tinquaut F, Bousser V, Oriol M, Guyotat D, Salles G, Bay JO, Pozzetto B, Cornillon J. Human herpesvirus 6 infection after autologous stem cell transplantation: A multicenter prospective study in adult patients. J Infect 2019; 79:36-42. [PMID: 31075291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES to prospectively evaluate the incidence and the clinical relevance on hematopoietic reconstitution of HHV-6 infection in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) recipients. METHODS HHV-6 DNA load was measured in whole blood specimens once during the 7 days before stem cell re-infusion and once a week after transplantation until hematopoietic recovery. Active HHV-6 infection was defined by 2 consecutive positive DNA loads. RESULTS from July 2012 to February 2015, 196 adult patients undergoing ASCT were enrolled. Twenty-two (11.2%) patients developed active HHV-6 infection with a cumulative incidence of 19% at 40 days after transplantation. The onset of active HHV-6 infection occurred with a median of 13 days after stem cell re-infusion. HHV-6 infection was associated with an increased frequency of non-infectious complications (OR = 5.05; 95%CI 1.78-14.32; P < 0.001). Moreover, the severity of these non-infectious complications was higher in recipients exhibiting HHV-6 infection (OR = 4.62; 95%CI 1.32-16.2; p < 0.01). Delayed neutrophils 10 (IQR: 8-14) vs 8 (IQR: 6-11) days and platelets recoveries 15 (IQR: 11.8-18.5) vs 8 (IQR: 4-14) days were observed in patients with active HHV-6 infection compared to non-infected ones. CONCLUSIONS in this study, 11.2% ASCT recipients presented active HHV-6 infection associated with significantly delayed hematologic reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Balsat
- Hematology Department, Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, 108, bis avenue Albert Raymond, 42270 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France; Hematology Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pavillon Marcel Bérard, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France.
| | - Sylvie Pillet
- CHU de Saint-Etienne, Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, avenue Albert Raymond, 42270 Saint-Priest-en-jarez, France
| | - Emmanuelle Tavernier
- Hematology Department, Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, 108, bis avenue Albert Raymond, 42270 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Victoria Cacheux
- Hematology Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 1, rue Lucie Aubrac, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vanessa Escuret
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, GHN, Laboratoire de Virologie F-69317, Lyon, France
| | - Cécile Moluçon-Chabrot
- Hematology Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 1, rue Lucie Aubrac, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Karine Augeul-Meunier
- Hematology Department, Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, 108, bis avenue Albert Raymond, 42270 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Audrey Mirand
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Laboratory of Virology, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christel Regagnon
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Laboratory of Virology, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fabien Tinquaut
- Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, Centre Hygée, Chemin de la Marandière, 42270 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Véronique Bousser
- Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, Centre Hygée, Chemin de la Marandière, 42270 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Mathieu Oriol
- Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, Centre Hygée, Chemin de la Marandière, 42270 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Denis Guyotat
- Hematology Department, Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, 108, bis avenue Albert Raymond, 42270 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Gilles Salles
- Hematology Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pavillon Marcel Bérard, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Jacques-Olivier Bay
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, GHN, Laboratoire de Virologie F-69317, Lyon, France
| | - Bruno Pozzetto
- CHU de Saint-Etienne, Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, avenue Albert Raymond, 42270 Saint-Priest-en-jarez, France
| | - Jérôme Cornillon
- Hematology Department, Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, 108, bis avenue Albert Raymond, 42270 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
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Rashidi A, Ebadi M, Said B, Cao Q, Shanley R, Curtsinger J, Bejanyan N, Warlick ED, Green JS, Brunstein CG, Miller JS, Weisdorf DJ. Absence of early HHV-6 reactivation after cord blood allograft predicts powerful graft-versus-tumor effect. Am J Hematol 2018; 93:10.1002/ajh.25141. [PMID: 29756385 PMCID: PMC6235732 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 75% of cord blood transplant (CBT) recipients experience human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6) reactivation. Considering the immunomodulatory effects of HHV-6, we hypothesized that early HHV-6 reactivation may influence the risk of relapse of the underlying hematologic malignancy. In 152 CBT recipients with hematological malignancies, we determined the association between HHV-6 reactivation by day +28 and 2-year cumulative incidence of relapse. In univariate analysis, the absence of HHV-6 reactivation (n = 32) was associated with less relapse (26 [18-35]% vs. 7 [0-17]% in groups with vs. without HHV-6 reactivation, respectively; P = .03). This difference was due to a remarkably low relapse incidence among patients without HHV-6 reactivation. In multivariable analysis, the absence of HHV-6 reactivation was associated with less relapse (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.2 [0.05-0.9], P = .03). This association was independent of patient-, disease-, and transplant-related characteristics known to influence the risk of relapse. Natural killer cell and T-cell reconstitution at day +28 were similar between patients with vs. without HHV-6 reactivation. Our results suggest that CB allografts not complicated by HHV-6 reactivation by day +28 have a powerful graft-versus-tumor effect. Knowledge about early HHV-6 reactivation may stratify patients at day +28 into low vs. high relapse risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Rashidi
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Maryam Ebadi
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Bassil Said
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Qing Cao
- Biostatistics Core, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Ryan Shanley
- Biostatistics Core, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Nelli Bejanyan
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Erica D. Warlick
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Jaime S. Green
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Claudio G. Brunstein
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Jeffrey S. Miller
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Daniel J. Weisdorf
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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Quintela A, Escuret V, Roux S, Bonnafous P, Gilis L, Barraco F, Labussière-Wallet H, Duscastelle-Leprêtre S, Nicolini FE, Thomas X, Chidiac C, Ferry T, Frobert E, Morisset S, Poitevin-Later F, Monneret G, Michallet M, Ader F. HHV-6 infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: From chromosomal integration to viral co-infections and T-cell reconstitution patterns. J Infect 2015; 72:214-22. [PMID: 26518057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2015.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6) can reactivate after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and may be associated with significant clinical manifestations. METHODS Case control study of HHV-6 infections after allo-HSCT. Chromosomal integration (ciHHV-6) for viral loads ≥ 5.5-log10 copies/mL was investigated. Viral co-infections, T-cell recovery, risk factors and outcome were compared in HHV-6- and non-HHV-6-infected patients. Antiviral treatment strategies were reviewed. RESULTS Among 366 adult allo-HSCT recipients, 75 HHV-6 infections occurred. Three (4%) recipients were ciHHV-6. HHV-6 infections were associated with CMV (p = 0.05; sdHR 1.73, CI 0.99-3.02) and/or BKV infections (p < 0.0001; sdHR 4.63, CI 2.04-10.53) but not EBV reactivation (p = 0.34). A slower CD8+ T-cells recovery was observed until 6 months after allo-HSCT in the HHV-6-infected group (p < 0.001), independently of acute and/or chronic graft-versus-host disease. The overall probability of survival after allo-HSCT was diminished for active HHV-6-infected patients (p = 0.0326). Cord blood unit recipients had a higher risk of developing HHV-6 infection compared to bone marrow recipients (p = 0.0007; sdHR 3.82, CI 1.76-8.27). Anti-HHV-6 treatment achieved complete response in only 2/3 of the cases. CONCLUSIONS In this series of allo-HSCT recipients, 4% were ciHHV-6, active HHV-6 infection was likely associated with CMV and BKV co-reactivations, delayed CD8+ T-cell recovery and poorer outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Quintela
- Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Vanessa Escuret
- Virology Laboratory, Laboratoire de Virologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69677 Bron, France
| | - Sandrine Roux
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69004 Lyon, France
| | - Pascale Bonnafous
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, CIMI-Paris UMRS CR7, Inserm U1135, PVI Team, Paris, France
| | - Lila Gilis
- Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Fiorenza Barraco
- Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Hélène Labussière-Wallet
- Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | | | - Franck-Emmanuel Nicolini
- Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Xavier Thomas
- Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Christian Chidiac
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69004 Lyon, France
| | - Tristan Ferry
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69004 Lyon, France; Inserm U1111 CIRI, Claude Bernard Lyon I University, Lyon, France
| | - Emilie Frobert
- Virology Laboratory, Laboratoire de Virologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69677 Bron, France
| | - Stéphane Morisset
- Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Françoise Poitevin-Later
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Hôpital E. Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69003 Lyon, France
| | - Guillaume Monneret
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Hôpital E. Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69003 Lyon, France
| | - Mauricette Michallet
- Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Florence Ader
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69004 Lyon, France; Inserm U1111 CIRI, Claude Bernard Lyon I University, Lyon, France.
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Dagna L, Pritchett JC, Lusso P. Immunomodulation and immunosuppression by human herpesvirus 6A and 6B. Future Virol 2013; 8:273-287. [PMID: 24163703 PMCID: PMC3806647 DOI: 10.2217/fvl.13.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Like other members of the Herpesviridae family, human herpesvirus (HHV)-6A and HHV-6B have developed a wide variety of strategies to modulate or suppress host immune responses and, thereby, facilitate their own spread and persistence in vivo. Long considered two variants of the same virus, HHV-6A and HHV-6B have recently been reclassified as distinct viral species, although the established nomenclature has been maintained. In this review, we summarize the distinctive profiles of interaction of these two viruses with the human immune system. Both HHV-6A and HHV-6B display a tropism for CD4+ T lymphocytes, but they can also infect, in a productive or nonproductive fashion, other cells of the immune system. However, there are important differences regarding the ability of each virus to infect cytotoxic effector cells, as HHV-6A has been shown to productively infect several of these cells, whereas HHV-6B infects them inefficiently at best. In addition to direct cytopathic effects, both HHV-6A and HHV-6B can interfere with immunologic functions to varying degrees via cytokine modulation, including blockade of IL-12 production by professional antigen-presenting cells, modulation of cell-surface molecules essential for T-cell activation, and expression of viral chemokines and chemokine receptors. Some of these effects are related to signaling through and downregulation of the viral receptor, CD46, a key molecule linking innate and adaptive immune responses. Increasing attention has recently been focused on the importance of viral interactions with dendritic cells, which may serve both as targets of virus-mediated immunosuppression and as vehicles for viral transfer to CD4+ T cells. Our deepening knowledge of the mechanisms developed by HHV-6A and HHV-6B to evade immunologic control may lead to new strategies for the prevention and treatment of the diseases associated with these viruses. Moreover, elucidation of these viral mechanisms may uncover new avenues to therapeutically manipulate or modulate the immune system in immunologically mediated human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Dagna
- Department of Medicine & Clinical Immunology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Lusso
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Relationship between beta-herpesviruses reactivation and development of complications after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. J Med Virol 2012; 84:1953-60. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Liu Y, Chen XH, Si YJ, Li ZJ, Gao L, Gao L, Zhang C, Zhang X. Reconstruction of hematopoietic inductive microenvironment after transplantation of VCAM-1-modified human umbilical cord blood stromal cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31741. [PMID: 22384064 PMCID: PMC3285638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The hematopoietic inductive microenvironment (HIM) is where hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells grow and develop. Hematopoietic stromal cells were the key components of the HIM. In our previous study, we had successfully cultured and isolated human cord blood–derived stromal cells (HUCBSCs) and demonstrated that they could secret hemopoietic growth factors such as GM-CSF, TPO, and SCF. However, it is still controversial whether HUCBSCs can be used for reconstruction of HIM. In this study, we first established a co-culture system of HUCBSCs and cord blood CD34+ cells and then determined that using HUCBSCs as the adherent layer had significantly more newly formed colonies of each hematopoietic lineage than the control group, indicating that HUCBSCs had the ability to promote the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells/progenitor cells. Furthermore, the number of colonies was significantly higher in vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)-modified HUCBSCs, suggesting that the ability of HUCBSCs in promoting the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells/progenitor cells was further enhanced after having been modified with VCAM-1. Next, HUCBSCs were infused into a radiation-damaged animal model, in which the recovery of hematopoiesis was observed. The results demonstrate that the transplanted HUCBSCs were “homed in” to bone marrow and played roles in promoting the recovery of irradiation-induced hematopoietic damage and repairing HIM. Compared with the control group, the HUCBSC group had significantly superior effectiveness in terms of the recovery time for hemogram and myelogram, CFU-F, CFU-GM, BFU-E, and CFU-Meg. Such differences were even more significant in VCAM-1-modified HUCBSCs group. We suggest that HUCBSCs are able to restore the functions of HIM and promote the recovery of radiation-induced hematopoietic damage. VCAM-1 plays an important role in supporting the repair of HIM damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xing-hua Chen
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying-jian Si
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, BaYi Children's Hospital, The Military General Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-jun Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
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Pozner RG, Ure AE, Jaquenod de Giusti C, D'Atri LP, Italiano JE, Torres O, Romanowski V, Schattner M, Gómez RM. Junín virus infection of human hematopoietic progenitors impairs in vitro proplatelet formation and platelet release via a bystander effect involving type I IFN signaling. PLoS Pathog 2010; 6:e1000847. [PMID: 20419155 PMCID: PMC2855331 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF) is an endemo-epidemic disease caused by Junín virus (JUNV), a member of the arenaviridae family. Although a recently introduced live attenuated vaccine has proven to be effective, AHF remains a potentially lethal infection. Like in other viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHF), AHF patients present with fever and hemorrhagic complications. Although the causes of the bleeding are poorly understood, impaired hemostasis, endothelial cell dysfunction and low platelet counts have been described. Thrombocytopenia is a common feature in VHF syndromes, and it is a major sign for its diagnosis. However, the underlying pathogenic mechanism has not yet been elucidated. We hypothesized that thrombocytopenia results from a viral-triggered alteration of the megakaryo/thrombopoiesis process. Therefore, we evaluated the impact of JUNV on megakaryopoiesis using an in vitro model of human CD34+ cells stimulated with thrombopoietin. Our results showed that CD34+ cells are infected with JUNV in a restricted fashion. Infection was transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1)-dependent and the surface expression of TfR1 was higher in infected cultures, suggesting a novel arenaviral dissemination strategy in hematopoietic progenitor cells. Although proliferation, survival, and commitment in JUNV-infected cultures were normal, viral infection impaired thrombopoiesis by decreasing in vitro proplatelet formation, platelet release, and P-selectin externalization via a bystander effect. The decrease in platelet release was also TfR1-dependent, mimicked by poly(I:C), and type I interferon (IFN α/β) was implicated as a key paracrine mediator. Among the relevant molecules studied, only the transcription factor NF-E2 showed a moderate decrease in expression in megakaryocytes from either infected cultures or after type I IFN treatment. Moreover, type I IFN-treated megakaryocytes presented ultrastructural abnormalities resembling the reported thrombocytopenic NF-E2−/− mouse phenotype. Our study introduces a potential mechanism for thrombocytopenia in VHF and other diseases associated with increased bone marrow type I IFN levels. Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF) is an endemo-epidemic disease caused by Junín virus (JUNV). Although a recently introduced live attenuated vaccine has proven to be effective, AHF remains a potentially lethal infection and JUNV is considered to be a potential biological weapon. Like other viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHF), AHF patients present fever with a combination of neurological and bleeding complications. Although the causes of the bleeding are poorly understood, impaired hemostasis and endothelial cell function as well as low platelet counts have been described. In this study, we have examined the impact of JUNV on an in vitro model of platelet production. We found that neither infection of hematopoietic progenitors with JUNV nor poly(I:C) (a double-stranded RNA that mimics viral infection) affected cell survival or megakaryocyte generation. However, these treatments triggered the main anti-viral cytokines produced by host type I IFN (IFN α/β), which acted in a paracrine fashion and led to abnormal platelet formation. Thus, this study identifies type I IFN as a new regulator that selectively affects the last steps of megakaryocyte lifespan, and it suggests a potential mechanism for thrombocytopenia in AHF and other diseases associated with increased bone marrow type I IFN levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto G. Pozner
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Hematological Research Institute “Mariano R Castex”, National Academy of Medicine, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín E. Ure
- Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Institute, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Lina P. D'Atri
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Hematological Research Institute “Mariano R Castex”, National Academy of Medicine, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Joseph E. Italiano
- Division of Translational Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Vascular Biology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Oscar Torres
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Hematological Research Institute “Mariano R Castex”, National Academy of Medicine, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victor Romanowski
- Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Institute, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mirta Schattner
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Hematological Research Institute “Mariano R Castex”, National Academy of Medicine, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail: (MS); (RMG)
| | - Ricardo M. Gómez
- Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Institute, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
- * E-mail: (MS); (RMG)
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De Bolle L, Naesens L, De Clercq E. Update on human herpesvirus 6 biology, clinical features, and therapy. Clin Microbiol Rev 2005; 18:217-45. [PMID: 15653828 PMCID: PMC544175 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.18.1.217-245.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a betaherpesvirus that is closely related to human cytomegalovirus. It was discovered in 1986, and HHV-6 literature has expanded considerably in the past 10 years. We here present an up-to-date and complete overview of the recent developments concerning HHV-6 biological features, clinical associations, and therapeutic approaches. HHV-6 gene expression regulation and gene products have been systematically characterized, and the multiple interactions between HHV-6 and the host immune system have been explored. Moreover, the discovery of the cellular receptor for HHV-6, CD46, has shed a new light on HHV-6 cell tropism. Furthermore, the in vitro interactions between HHV-6 and other viruses, particularly human immunodeficiency virus, and their relevance for the in vivo situation are discussed, as well as the transactivating capacities of several HHV-6 proteins. The insight into the clinical spectrum of HHV-6 is still evolving and, apart from being recognized as a major pathogen in transplant recipients (as exemplified by the rising number of prospective clinical studies), its role in central nervous system disease has become increasingly apparent. Finally, we present an overview of therapeutic options for HHV-6 therapy (including modes of action and resistance mechanisms).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen De Bolle
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Andre-Garnier E, Milpied N, Boutolleau D, Saiagh S, Billaudel S, Imbert-Marcille BM. Reactivation of human herpesvirus 6 during ex vivo expansion of circulating CD34+ haematopoietic stem cells. J Gen Virol 2004; 85:3333-3336. [PMID: 15483248 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.80319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) replication was evaluated during in vitro expansion of CD34-positive cells that were selected from 11 peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) samples. In order to permit cellular differentiation towards the myeloid lineage, PBPCs were cultured for 14-21 days in a liquid, serum-free medium supplemented with interleukin 1 (IL1), IL3, IL6, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and stem-cell factor. Among the 10 cultures from HHV-6-seropositive patients, the late, alternatively spliced U100 viral mRNA was detected in five of them after PBPC culture for 14 or 21 days. Recovery of infectious virus from one of the expansions, associated with an increase of HHV-6 viral load and detection of the U100 spliced messenger, confirmed the occurrence of a complete replicative cycle. These data thus demonstrate for the first time that haematopoietic differentiation can lead to HHV-6 reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Andre-Garnier
- Virology Laboratory, UPRES-JE 2437, Nantes University Hospital and UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Noel Milpied
- Haematology Department, Nantes University Hospital, France
| | - David Boutolleau
- Virology Laboratory, UPRES-EA2387, Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris University Hospital, France
| | - Soraya Saiagh
- Cell and Gene Therapy Unit, Nantes University Hospital, France
| | - Sylviane Billaudel
- Virology Laboratory, UPRES-JE 2437, Nantes University Hospital and UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Berthe-Marie Imbert-Marcille
- Virology Laboratory, UPRES-JE 2437, Nantes University Hospital and UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex, France
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11
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Dietrich J, Blumberg BM, Roshal M, Baker JV, Hurley SD, Mayer-Pröschel M, Mock DJ. Infection with an endemic human herpesvirus disrupts critical glial precursor cell properties. J Neurosci 2004; 24:4875-83. [PMID: 15152048 PMCID: PMC6729472 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5584-03.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), a common resident virus of the human CNS, has been implicated in both acute and chronic inflammatory--demyelinating diseases. Although HHV-6 persists within the human CNS and has been described to infect mature oligodendrocytes, nothing is known about the susceptibility of glial precursors, the ancestors of myelin-producing oligodendrocytes, to viral infection. We show that HHV-6 infects human glial precursor cells in vitro. Active infection was demonstrated by both electron microscopy and expression of viral gene transcripts and proteins, with subsequent formation of cell syncytia. Infection leads to alterations in cell morphology and impairment of cell replication but not increased cell death. Infected cells showed decreased proliferation as measured by bromodeoxyuridine uptake, which was confirmed by blunting of the cell growth rate of infected cells compared with uninfected controls over time. The detailed analysis using novel, fluorescent-labeled HHV-6A or HHV-6B reagents demonstrated strong G1/S phase inhibition in infected precursor cells. Cell cycle arrest in HHV-6-infected cells was associated with a profound decrease in the expression of the glial progenitor cell marker A2B5 and a corresponding increase in the oligodendrocyte differentiation marker GalC. These data demonstrate for the first time that infection of primary human glial precursor cells with a neurologically relevant human herpesvirus causes profound alterations of critical precursor cell properties. In light of recent observations that repair of CNS demyelination is dependent on the generation of mature oligodendrocytes from the glial precursor cell pool, these findings may have broad implications for both the ineffective repair seen in demyelinating diseases and the disruption of normal glial maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Dietrich
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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12
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Abstract
Herpes virus reactivation is of increasing interest as we aim to decrease morbidity and mortality in the pediatric renal transplant population. We previously reported increased reactivation of HHV-6 and Epstein Barr virus (EBV) with anti-thymocyte globulin/ALG induction therapy. HHV-6 reactivation and de novo infection has been monitored in 31 consecutive pediatric renal transplant patients receiving antibody induction with Simulect. Human Herpes virus-6 (HHV-6) was correlated with EBV reactivation and de novo infection rates, allograft function at 1 year, donor source and number, and patient age and gender. One HHV-6 de novo infection was associated with an early grade II rejection that was steroid resistant but ATG/ALG responsive. Sixteen of 31 (54.8%) patients had HHV-6 reactivation during the first year and eight patients had a prior reactivation profile before transplant. Thirteen patients (41.9%) were naïve to EBV infection prior to transplant with evidence of primary infection in 11 of 13 patients between 6 weeks and 1 year posttransplant. EBV reactivation was noted in four patients with past immunity to EBV. IgM Ab to EBV or HHV-6 during the first year posttransplant did not correlate with risk of rejection during the first year or graft function one year posttransplant. The only patient with positive HHV-6 IgM Ab in the first posttransplant month was a de novo infection in a 2-year-old boy who was naïve for HHV-6 at the time of transplant. Simulect appears safe in pediatric renal transplant with low risk of HHV-6 or EBV infection in the first 1 to 2 months posttransplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Acott
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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