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Favresse J, Gillot C, Cabo J, David C, Dogné JM, Douxfils J. Neutralizing antibody response to XBB.1.5, BA.2.86, FL.1.5.1, and JN.1 six months after the BNT162b2 bivalent booster. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 143:107028. [PMID: 38583825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An increase evasion of the SARS-CoV-2 virus toward vaccination strategies and natural immunity has been rapidly described notably because of the mutations in the spike receptor binding domain and the N-terminal domain. METHODS Participants of the CRO-VAX HCP study who received the bivalent booster were followed up at 6 months. A pseudovirus-neutralization test was used to assess the neutralization potency of antibodies against D614G, Delta, BA.1, BA.5, XBB.1.5, BA.2.86, FL.1.5.1, and JN-1. RESULTS The neutralizing capacity of antibodies against the Omicron variant or its subvariants was significantly reduced compared with D614G and Delta (P <0.0001). The lowest neutralizing response that was observed with JN-1 (geometric mean titers [GMTs] = 22.1) was also significantly lower than XBB.1.5 (GMT = 29.5, P <0.0001), BA.2.86 (GMT = 29.6, P <0.0001), and FL.1.5.1 (GMT = 25.2, P <0.0001). Participants who contracted a breakthrough infection because of XBB.1.5 had significantly higher neutralizing antibodies against all variants than uninfected participants, especially against the Omicron variant and its subvariants. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm that JN.1 is one of the most immune-evading variants to date and that the BA.2.86 subvariant did not show an increased immunity escape compared with XBB.1.5. The stronger response in breakthrough infection cases with the Omicron variant and its subvariants supports the need to use vaccine antigens that target circulating variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Favresse
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Unit, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique St-Luc Bouge, Namur, Belgium
| | - Constant Gillot
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Unit, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.
| | - Julien Cabo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique St-Luc Bouge, Namur, Belgium
| | - Clara David
- Qualiblood s.a., Research and Development Department, Namur, Belgium
| | - Jean-Michel Dogné
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Unit, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Douxfils
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Unit, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium; Qualiblood s.a., Research and Development Department, Namur, Belgium; Department of Biological Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Clermont-Ferrand, Hôpital Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Campos GRF, Almeida NBF, Filgueiras PS, Corsini CA, Gomes SVC, de Miranda DAP, de Assis JV, Silva TBDS, Alves PA, Fernandes GDR, de Oliveira JG, Rahal P, Grenfell RFQ, Nogueira ML. Second booster dose improves antibody neutralization against BA.1, BA.5 and BQ.1.1 in individuals previously immunized with CoronaVac plus BNT162B2 booster protocol. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1371695. [PMID: 38638823 PMCID: PMC11024236 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1371695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction SARS-CoV-2 vaccines production and distribution enabled the return to normalcy worldwide, but it was not fast enough to avoid the emergence of variants capable of evading immune response induced by prior infections and vaccination. This study evaluated, against Omicron sublineages BA.1, BA.5 and BQ.1.1, the antibody response of a cohort vaccinated with a two doses CoronaVac protocol and followed by two heterologous booster doses. Methods To assess vaccination effectiveness, serum samples were collected from 160 individuals, in 3 different time points (9, 12 and 18 months after CoronaVac protocol). For each time point, individuals were divided into 3 subgroups, based on the number of additional doses received (No booster, 1 booster and 2 boosters), and a viral microneutralization assay was performed to evaluate neutralization titers and seroconvertion rate. Results The findings presented here show that, despite the first booster, at 9m time point, improved neutralization level against omicron ancestor BA.1 (133.1 to 663.3), this trend was significantly lower for BQ.1.1 and BA.5 (132.4 to 199.1, 63.2 to 100.2, respectively). However, at 18m time point, the administration of a second booster dose considerably improved the antibody neutralization, and this was observed not only against BA.1 (2361.5), but also against subvariants BQ.1.1 (726.1) and BA.5 (659.1). Additionally, our data showed that, after first booster, seroconvertion rate for BA.5 decayed over time (93.3% at 12m to 68.4% at 18m), but after the second booster, seroconvertion was completely recovered (95% at 18m). Discussion Our study reinforces the concerns about immunity evasion of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron subvariants, where BA.5 and BQ.1.1 were less neutralized by vaccine induced antibodies than BA.1. On the other hand, the administration of a second booster significantly enhanced antibody neutralization capacity against these subvariants. It is likely that, as new SARS-CoV-2 subvariants continue to emerge, additional immunizations will be needed over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme R. F. Campos
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Priscilla Soares Filgueiras
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Camila Amormino Corsini
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sarah Vieira Contin Gomes
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniel Alvim Pena de Miranda
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Vieira de Assis
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thaís Bárbara de Souza Silva
- Laboratório de Imunologia de Doenças Virais, Instituto Rene Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pedro Augusto Alves
- Laboratório de Imunologia de Doenças Virais, Instituto Rene Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriel da Rocha Fernandes
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Paula Rahal
- Laboratório de Estudos Genômicos, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Fortini Queiroz Grenfell
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Maurício L. Nogueira
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
- Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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Abul Y, Nugent C, Vishnepolskiy I, Wallace T, Dickerson E, Holland L, Esparza I, Winkis M, Wali KT, Chan PA, Baier RR, Recker A, Kaczynski M, Kamojjala S, Pralea A, Rice H, Osias O, Oyebanji OA, Olagunju O, Cao Y, Li CJ, Roederer A, Pfeifer WM, King CL, Bosch J, Nanda A, McNicoll L, Mujahid N, Raza S, Tyagi R, Wilson BM, White EM, Canaday DH, Gravenstein S, Balazs AB. Broad immunogenicity to prior SARS-CoV-2 strains and JN.1 variant elicited by XBB.1.5 vaccination in nursing home residents. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.03.21.24303684. [PMID: 38585784 PMCID: PMC10996740 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.21.24303684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 vaccination has reduced hospitalization and mortality for nursing home residents (NHRs). However, emerging variants coupled with waning immunity, immunosenescence, and variability of vaccine efficacy undermine vaccine effectiveness. We therefore need to update our understanding of the immunogenicity of the most recent XBB.1.5 monovalent vaccine to variant strains among NHRs. Methods The current study focuses on a subset of participants from a longitudinal study of consented NHRs and HCWs who have received serial blood draws to assess immunogenicity with each SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine dose. We report data on participants who received the XBB.1.5 monovalent vaccine after FDA approval in Fall 2023. NHRs were classified based on whether they had an interval SARS-CoV-2 infection between their first bivalent vaccine dose and their XBB.1.5 monovalent vaccination. Results The sample included 61 NHRs [median age 76 (IQR 68-86), 51% female] and 28 HCWs [median age 45 (IQR 31-58), 46% female). Following XBB.1.5 monovalent vaccination, there was a robust geometric mean fold rise (GMFR) in XBB.1.5-specific neutralizing antibody titers of 17.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] 9.3, 32.4) and 11.3 (95% CI 5, 25.4) in NHRs with and without interval infection, respectively. The GMFR in HCWs was 13.6 (95% CI 8.4,22). Similarly, we noted a robust GMFR in JN.1-specific neutralizing antibody titers of 14.9 (95% CI 7.9, 28) and 6.5 (95% CI 3.3, 13.1) among NHRs with and without interval infection, and a GMFR of 11.4 (95% CI 6.2, 20.9) in HCWs. NHRs with interval SARS-CoV-2 infection had higher neutralizing antibody titers across all analyzed strains following XBB.1.5 monovalent vaccination, compared to NHRs without interval infection. Conclusion The XBB.1.5 monovalent vaccine significantly elevates Omicron-specific neutralizing antibody titers to XBB.1.5 and JN.1 strains in both NHRs and HCWs. This response was more pronounced in individuals known to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 since bivalent vaccination. Impact Statement All authors certify that this work entitled " Broad immunogenicity to prior strains and JN.1 variant elicited by XBB.1.5 vaccination in nursing home residents " is novel. It shows that the XBB.1.5 monovalent vaccine significantly elevates Omicron-specific neutralizing antibody titers in both nursing home residents and healthcare workers to XBB and BA.28.6/JN.1 strains. This work is important since JN.1 increased from less than 0.1% to 94% of COVID-19 cases from October 2023 to February 2024 in the US. This information is timely given the CDC's latest recommendation that adults age 65 and older receive a Spring 2024 XBB booster. Since the XBB.1.5 monovalent vaccine produces compelling immunogenicity to the most prevalent circulating JN.1 strain in nursing home residents, our findings add important support and rationale to encourage vaccine uptake. Key Points Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants together with waning immunity, immunosenescence, and variable vaccine efficacy reduce SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness in nursing home residents.XBB.1.5 monovalent vaccination elicited robust response in both XBB.1.5 and JN.1 neutralizing antibodies in nursing home residents and healthcare workers, although the absolute titers to JN.1 were less than titers to XBB.1.5Why does this paper matter? Among nursing home residents, the XBB.1.5 monovalent SARS-CoV-2 vaccine produces compelling immunogenicity to the JN.1 strain, which represents 94% of all COVID-19 cases in the U.S. as of February 2024.
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Assawakosri S, Kanokudom S, Suntronwong N, Chansaenroj J, Auphimai C, Nilyanimit P, Vichaiwattana P, Thongmee T, Duangchinda T, Chantima W, Pakchotanon P, Srimuan D, Thatsanathorn T, Klinfueng S, Sudhinaraset N, Wanlapakorn N, Mongkolsapaya J, Honsawek S, Poovorawan Y. Immunogenicity and durability against Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and BA.4/5 variants at 3-4 months after a heterologous COVID-19 booster vaccine in healthy adults with a two-doses CoronaVac vaccination. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23892. [PMID: 38226248 PMCID: PMC10788509 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Several countries have authorized a booster vaccine campaign to combat the spread of COVID-19. Data on persistence of booster vaccine-induced immunity against new Omicron subvariants are still limited. Therefore, our study aimed to determine the serological immune response of COVID-19 booster after CoronaVac-priming. Methods A total of 187 CoronaVac-primed participants were enrolled and received an inactivated (BBIBP), viral vector (AZD1222) or mRNA vaccine (full-/half-dose BNT162B2, full-/half-dose mRNA-1273) as a booster dose. The persistence of humoral immunity both binding and neutralizing antibodies against wild-type and Omicron was determined on day 90-120 after booster. Results A waning of total RBD immunoglobulin (Ig) levels, anti-RBD IgG, and neutralizing antibodies against Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and BA.4/5 variants was observed 90-120 days after booster vaccination. Participants who received mRNA-1273 had the highest persistence of the immunogenicity response, followed by BNT162b2, AZD1222, and BBIBP-CorV. The responses between full and half doses of mRNA-1273 were comparable. The percentage reduction of binding antibody ranged from 50 % to 75 % among all booster vaccine. Conclusions The antibody response substantially waned after 90-120 days post-booster dose. The heterologous mRNA and the viral vector booster demonstrated higher detectable rate of humoral immune responses against the Omicron variant compared to the inactivated BBIBP booster. Nevertheless, an additional fourth dose is recommended to maintain immune response against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvichada Assawakosri
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeleton, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sitthichai Kanokudom
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeleton, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nungruthai Suntronwong
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Jira Chansaenroj
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chompoonut Auphimai
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pornjarim Nilyanimit
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Preeyaporn Vichaiwattana
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thanunrat Thongmee
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thaneeya Duangchinda
- Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Development Agency, NSTDA, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Warangkana Chantima
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Pattarakul Pakchotanon
- Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Development Agency, NSTDA, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Donchida Srimuan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thaksaporn Thatsanathorn
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sirapa Klinfueng
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Natthinee Sudhinaraset
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nasamon Wanlapakorn
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sittisak Honsawek
- Center of Excellence in Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeleton, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- FRS(T), the Royal Society of Thailand, Sanam Sueapa, Dusit, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Favresse J, Gillot C, Closset M, Cabo J, Wauthier L, David C, Elsen M, Dogné JM, Douxfils J. Durability of humoral and cellular immunity six months after the BNT162b2 bivalent booster. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29365. [PMID: 38185981 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Studies about the duration of the humoral and cellular response following the bivalent booster administration are still scarce. We aimed at assessing the humoral and cellular response in a cohort of healthcare workers that received this booster. Blood samples were collected before the administration of the bivalent booster from Pfizer-BioNTech and after 14, 28, 90, and 180 days. Neutralizing antibodies against either the D614G strain, the delta variant, the BA.5 variant, or the XBB.1.5 subvariant were measured. The cellular response was assessed by measurement of the release of interferon gamma from T cells in response to an in vitro SARS-CoV-2 stimulation. A substantial waning of neutralizing antibodies was observed after 6 months (23.1-fold decrease), especially considering the XBB.1.5 subvariant. The estimated T1/2 of neutralizing antibodies was 16.1 days (95% CI = 10.2-38.4 days). Although most participants still present a robust cellular response after 6 months (i.e., 95%), a significant decrease was also observed compared to the peak response (0.95 vs. 0.41 UI/L, p = 0.0083). A significant waning of the humoral and cellular response was observed after 6 months. These data can also help competent national authorities in their recommendation regarding the administration of an additional booster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Favresse
- Research Unit in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique St-Luc Bouge, Namur, Belgium
| | - Constant Gillot
- Research Unit in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Mélanie Closset
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Université catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Julien Cabo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique St-Luc Bouge, Namur, Belgium
| | - Loris Wauthier
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique St-Luc Bouge, Namur, Belgium
| | - Clara David
- Qualiblood s.a., Research and Development Department, Namur, Belgium
| | - Marc Elsen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique St-Luc Bouge, Namur, Belgium
| | - Jean-Michel Dogné
- Research Unit in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Douxfils
- Research Unit in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- Qualiblood s.a., Research and Development Department, Namur, Belgium
- Department of Biological Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Clermont-Ferrand, Hôpital Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Simon G, Favresse J, Gillot C, Closset M, Catry É, Dogné JM, Douxfils J, Wieërs G, Bayart JL. Kinetics and ability of binding antibody and surrogate virus neutralization tests to predict neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant following BNT162b2 booster administration. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:1875-1885. [PMID: 37078220 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the long-term humoral immunity induced by booster administration, as well as the ability of binding antibody and surrogate virus neutralization tests (sVNT) to predict neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. METHODS A total of 269 sera samples were analyzed from 64 healthcare workers who had received a homologous booster dose of BNT162b2. Neutralizing antibodies assessed by sVNT and anti-RBD IgG measured with the sCOVG assay (Siemens Healthineers®) were analyzed at five timepoints; before and up to 6 months following the booster. Antibody titers were correlated with neutralizing antibodies against the Omicron BA.1 variant obtained by pseudovirus neutralization test (pVNT) as a reference method. RESULTS While Wild-type sVNT percentage of inhibition (POI) remained above 98.6% throughout the follow-up period after booster administration, anti-RBD IgG and NAbs assessed by Omicron BA.1 pVNT showed respectively a 3.4-fold and 13.3-fold decrease after 6 months compared to the peak reached at day 14. NAbs assessed by Omicron sVNT followed a steady decline until reaching a POI of 53.4%. Anti-RBD IgG and Omicron sVNT assays were strongly correlated (r=0.90) and performed similarly to predict the presence of neutralizing antibodies with Omicron pVNT (area under the ROC: 0.82 for both assays). In addition, new adapted cut-off values of anti-RBD IgG (>1,276 BAU/mL) and Omicron sVNT (POI>46.6%) were found to be better predictors of neutralizing activity. CONCLUSIONS This study showed a significant drop in humoral immunity 6 months after booster administration. Anti-RBD IgG and Omicron sVNT assays were highly correlated and could predict neutralizing activity with moderate performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germain Simon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique St-Pierre, Ottignies, Belgium
| | - Julien Favresse
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique St-Luc Bouge, Namur, Belgium
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Constant Gillot
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | | | | | - Jean-Michel Dogné
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Douxfils
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- QUALIblood SA, Namur, Belgium
| | - Grégoire Wieërs
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinique St-Pierre, Ottignies, Belgium
| | - Jean-Louis Bayart
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique St-Pierre, Ottignies, Belgium
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Chen HF, Wang WJ, Chen CY, Chang WC, Hsueh PR, Peng SL, Wu CS, Chen Y, Huang HY, Shen WJ, Wang SC, Hung MC. The natural tannins oligomeric proanthocyanidins and punicalagin are potent inhibitors of infection by SARS-CoV-2. eLife 2023; 12:e84899. [PMID: 37642993 PMCID: PMC10465125 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to infect people worldwide. While the vaccinated population has been increasing, the rising breakthrough infection persists in the vaccinated population. For living with the virus, the dietary guidelines to prevent virus infection are worthy of and timely to develop further. Tannic acid has been demonstrated to be an effective inhibitor of coronavirus and is under clinical trial. Here we found that two other members of the tannins family, oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) and punicalagin, are also potent inhibitors against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with different mechanisms. OPCs and punicalagin showed inhibitory activity against omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The water extractant of the grape seed was rich in OPCs and also exhibited the strongest inhibitory activities for viral entry of wild-type and other variants in vitro. Moreover, we evaluated the inhibitory activity of grape seed extractants (GSE) supplementation against SARS-CoV-2 viral entry in vivo and observed that serum samples from the healthy human subjects had suppressive activity against different variants of SARS-CoV-2 Vpp infection after taking GSE capsules. Our results suggest that natural tannins acted as potent inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 infection, and GSE supplementation could serve as healthy food for infection prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Fan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Wei-Jan Wang
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Chung-Yu Chen
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Wei-Chao Chang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Shin-Lei Peng
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Neuroscience and Brain Disease Center, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Chen-Shiou Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Yeh Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Wan-Jou Shen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Shao-Chun Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
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8
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Gillot C, Bayart JL, Closset M, Cabo J, Maloteau V, Dogné JM, Douxfils J, Favresse J. Peri-infection titers of neutralizing and binding antibodies as a predictor of COVID-19 breakthrough infections in vaccinated healthcare professionals: importance of the timing. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:1670-1675. [PMID: 36999398 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccine is highly effective in reducing COVID-19 infection, hospitalization and death. However, many subjects developed a breakthrough infection despite a full vaccination scheme. Since the waned efficacy of mRNA vaccines is correlated with the decrease of antibodies occurring over time, we aimed at evaluating whether lower levels of antibodies were associated with an increased risk of breakthrough infection in a cohort of breakthrough subjects that received three vaccine doses. METHODS Total binding antibodies against the RBD of the S1 subunit (Roche Diagnostics, Machelen, Belgium) and neutralizing antibodies using the Omicron B.1.1.529 variant pseudovirus were measured. Based on individual kinetic curves, the antibody titer of each subject was interpolated just before the breakthrough infection and compared to a matched-control group that did not develop a breakthrough infection. RESULTS Lower levels of total binding and neutralizing antibodies were observed compared to the control group (6.900 [95% CI; 5.101-9.470] vs. 11.395 BAU/mL [8.627-15.050] [p=0.0301] and 26.6 [18.0-39.3] vs. 59.5 dilution titer-1 [32.3-110] [p=0.0042], respectively). The difference between breakthrough and control subjects was mostly observed for neutralizing antibodies before three months after the homologous booster administration (46.5 [18.2-119] vs. 381 [285-509] [p=0.0156]). Considering the measurement of total binding antibodies before 3 months, there was no significant difference (p=0.4375). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our results showed that subjects that developed a breakthrough infection had lower levels of neutralizing and total binding antibodies compared to controls. The difference was mostly noticeable considering neutralizing antibodies, especially for infections occurring before 3 months after the booster administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constant Gillot
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Jean-Louis Bayart
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique St-Pierre, Ottignies, Belgium
| | - Mélanie Closset
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Université catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Julien Cabo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique St-Luc Bouge, Namur, Belgium
| | - Vincent Maloteau
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Jean-Michel Dogné
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Douxfils
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- Research and Development Department, Qualiblood s.a., Namur, Belgium
| | - Julien Favresse
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique St-Luc Bouge, Namur, Belgium
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9
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Cosma C, Galla L, Padoan A, Furlan G, Marchioro L, Zaninotto M, Basso D, Plebani M. SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell humoral response assessment after COVID-19 vaccination using a rapid direct real-time PCR amplification. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:1652-1660. [PMID: 36957995 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The SARS-CoV-2 immune response is mediated by both humoral and cellular immunity. In this study, SARS-CoV-2 specific cellular immunity was tested by a novel direct real-time PCR (dRT-PCR) assay, targeting mRNA of CXCL10, and compared with respect to an ELISA measuring interferon gamma (IFN-γ) release. METHODS Whole blood (Li-He) and serum samples were collected from 92 healthcare workers (HCW), with three doses of homologous (Pfizer/BioNTech, n=74) or heterologous (Pfizer/BioNTech and Vaxzevria or Moderna, n=18) vaccinations. Li-He samples were incubated with SCV2 PANEL-1-T-ACTIVATION (Hyris srl, Lodi, Italy), or CoV-2 IGRA TUBE ELISA (Euroimmune, Lubeck, Germany). CXCL10 mRNA expression was analyzed by bCube/bApp (Hyris), while IFN-γ was evaluated by quant-T-Cell SARS-CoV-2 ELISA (Euroimmune). Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD IgG levels were measured in sera using a CLIA assay (Snibe, Shenzen, China). RESULTS Imprecision of dRT-PCR assay was found to be satisfactory, and the two methods for measuring T cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 peptides agreed in 82/87 (94.2%) of results. At qualitative dRT-PCR analyses, 81 subjects (93.2%) resulted as reactive to SARS-CoV-2 peptides, 3 (3.4%) were borderline and 3 were negative (3.4%). At univariate and multivariate analyses of quantitative dRT-PCR mRNA of CXCL10 and IFN-γ release results showed no difference between HCW with previous infection, homologous/heterologous vaccination, or demographical features. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD IgG was associated with the previous infection and the time between the last vaccination or positivity. CONCLUSIONS Direct RT-PCR appeared accurate for determining the presence or absence of immunoreactivity of SARS-CoV-2 specific T cells, especially when rapid analyses are required, such as for organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cosma
- Laboratory Medicine Unit, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
- QI.LAB.MED., Spin-off of the University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luisa Galla
- Laboratory Medicine Unit, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
- QI.LAB.MED., Spin-off of the University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Padoan
- Laboratory Medicine Unit, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
- QI.LAB.MED., Spin-off of the University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Furlan
- QI.LAB.MED., Spin-off of the University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucio Marchioro
- QI.LAB.MED., Spin-off of the University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Zaninotto
- Laboratory Medicine Unit, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
- QI.LAB.MED., Spin-off of the University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Basso
- Laboratory Medicine Unit, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
- QI.LAB.MED., Spin-off of the University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Plebani
- QI.LAB.MED., Spin-off of the University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
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10
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Favresse J, Cabo J, Douxfils J. Cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2 is predominantly boosted in vaccinated individuals with no history of infection. J Infect 2023; 87:e31-e32. [PMID: 37211218 PMCID: PMC10197432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Favresse
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique Saint-Luc Bouge, Namur, Belgium.
| | - Julien Cabo
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Douxfils
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium; Qualiblood s.a., Research and Development Department, Namur, Belgium
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11
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Chandrasingh S, George CE, Inbaraj LR, Maddipati T. Antibody titres in fully vaccinated healthcare workers with and without breakthrough infection during the Delta and Omicron waves. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:1298-1302. [PMID: 37649769 PMCID: PMC10465045 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1809_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Assessment of antibody response to vaccination against SARS CoV2 has clinical, public health, and policy implications during the pandemic and in the context of future waves. Method In this repeated cross-sectional study, we estimated total binding antibody levels to the spike protein of the SARS CoV2 virus post two doses of Covishield vaccine among 133 health care workers (HCWs) (phase 1), followed by antibody levels among a subset (n = 61) of this group at 9 months after the second dose (phase 2). The time period of the first and second blood collection corresponds to Delta and Omicron waves, respectively. Results We report 100% seroconversion post 28 days of the second dose of the Covishield vaccine among infection naïve HCWs. In this study, 33% had a breakthrough infection in phase 1 and 24% reported a history of infection in phase 2. The antibody titres were higher in the breakthrough infection group compared to the infection naïve group during both Delta and Omicron waves. Conclusion This shows that there is a good seroconversion with two doses of vaccine, weaning of antibody with time, and a rise of antibody titre if infected with SARS CoV 2 subsequently.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolin E. George
- Division of Community Health and Family Medicine, Bangalore Baptist Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Leeberk R. Inbaraj
- Division of Community Health and Family Medicine, Bangalore Baptist Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Presently, Scientist ‘E’ (Medical) ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Department of Health Research Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India
| | - Tatarao Maddipati
- Division of Community Health and Family Medicine, Bangalore Baptist Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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12
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Nugent C, Abul Y, White EM, Shehadeh F, Kaczynski M, Oscar Felix L, Ganesan N, Oyebanji OA, Vishnepolskiy I, Didion EM, Paxitzis A, Sheehan ML, Chan PA, Pfeifer WM, Dickerson E, Kamojjala S, Wilson BM, Mylonakis E, King CL, Balazs AB, Canaday DH, Gravenstein S. Second monovalent SARS-CoV-2 mRNA booster restores Omicron-specific neutralizing activity in both nursing home residents and health care workers. Vaccine 2023; 41:3403-3409. [PMID: 37117056 PMCID: PMC10123357 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
We examined whether the second monovalent SARS-CoV-2 mRNA booster increased antibody levels and their neutralizing activity to Omicron variants in nursing home residents (NH) residents and healthcare workers (HCW). We sampled 376 NH residents and 63 HCW after primary mRNA vaccination, first and second boosters, for antibody response and pseudovirus neutralization assay against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type (WT) (Wuhan-Hu-1) strain, Omicron BA.1 and BA.5 variants. Antibody levels and neutralizing activity progressively increased with each booster but subsequently waned over 3-6 months. NH residents, both those without and with prior infection, had a robust geometric mean fold rise (GMFR) of 8.1 (95% CI 4.4, 14.8) and 7.8 (95% CI 4.8, 12.9) respectively in Omicron-BA.1 subvariant specific neutralizing antibody levels following the second booster vaccination (p < 0.001). These results support the ongoing efforts to ensure that both NH residents and HCW are up-to-date on recommended SARS-CoV-2 vaccine booster doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Nugent
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Yasin Abul
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Center on Innovation in Long-Term Services and Supports, Providence Veterans Administration Medical Center, Providence, RI, United States; Brown University School of Public Health Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Elizabeth M White
- Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Fadi Shehadeh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Matthew Kaczynski
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Lewis Oscar Felix
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Narchonai Ganesan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Oladayo A Oyebanji
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Igor Vishnepolskiy
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Center on Innovation in Long-Term Services and Supports, Providence Veterans Administration Medical Center, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Elise M Didion
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland VA, United States
| | - Alexandra Paxitzis
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Maegan L Sheehan
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Philip A Chan
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States
| | | | - Evan Dickerson
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Center on Innovation in Long-Term Services and Supports, Providence Veterans Administration Medical Center, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Shreya Kamojjala
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Brigid M Wilson
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland VA, United States
| | - Eleftherios Mylonakis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Christopher L King
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | | | - David H Canaday
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland VA, United States.
| | - Stefan Gravenstein
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Center on Innovation in Long-Term Services and Supports, Providence Veterans Administration Medical Center, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States.
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13
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Lippi G, Plebani M. Reliability of SARS-CoV-2 serological testing for influencing public health policies: A reappraisal. Eur J Intern Med 2023; 108:102-103. [PMID: 36443132 PMCID: PMC9682048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2022.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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14
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Liposome-based high-throughput and point-of-care assays toward the quick, simple, and sensitive detection of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in patient sera. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:1421-1435. [PMID: 36754874 PMCID: PMC9909147 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04548-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019 caused an increased interest in neutralizing antibody tests to determine the immune status of the population. Standard live-virus-based neutralization assays such as plaque-reduction assays or pseudovirus neutralization tests cannot be adapted to the point-of-care (POC). Accordingly, tests quantifying competitive binding inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 by neutralizing antibodies have been developed. Here, we present a new platform using sulforhodamine B encapsulating liposomes decorated with RBD as foundation for the development of both a fluorescent, highly feasible high-throughput (HTS) and a POC-ready neutralizing antibody assay. RBD-conjugated liposomes are incubated with serum and subsequently immobilized in an ACE2-coated plate or mixed with biotinylated ACE2 and used in test strip with streptavidin test line, respectively. Polyclonal neutralizing human antibodies were shown to cause complete binding inhibition, while S309 and CR3022 human monoclonal antibodies only caused partial inhibition, proving the functionality of the assay. Both formats, the HTS and POC assay, were then tested using 20 sera containing varying titers of neutralizing antibodies, and a control panel of sera including prepandemic sera and reconvalescent sera from respiratory infections other than SARS-CoV-2. Both assays correlated well with a standard pseudovirus neutralization test (r = 0.847 for HTS and r = 0.614 for POC format). Furthermore, excellent correlation (r = 0.868) between HTS and POC formats was observed. The flexibility afforded by liposomes as signaling agents using different dyes and sizes can hence be utilized in the future for a broad range of multianalyte neutralizing antibody diagnostics.
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15
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Favresse J, Douxfils J, Henry B, Lippi G, Plebani M. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine celebrates 60 years – narrative review devoted to the contribution of the journal to the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. Clin Chem Lab Med 2022; 61:811-821. [PMID: 36420539 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-1166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This review is an integral part of the special issue for the 60 years of the journal Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM). The aim of the review is to highlight the role of the clinical laboratory since the emergence of the “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2” (SARS-CoV-2), which causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with special focus on the contribution of the journal in generating knowledge in SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. As of October 30, 2022, a total of 186 CCLM publications were dedicated to COVID-19. Of importance, major International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) guidelines related to the diagnosis of COVID-19 were published in CCLM. Between early-2020 and late October 2022, COVID-19 publications represented around 27% of all articles in CCLM, highlighting the willingness of the editorial board to help the field in order to better describe and diagnose this new emerging disease. First launched in 1963 under the name “Zeitschrift für Klinische Chemie”, the Journal was entirely devoted to clinical chemistry in the strict sense. The various topics published in relation to COVID-19 including its diagnosis, its impact on biochemical or hematological measures, as well as biosafety measures, is the perfect example that shows that the journal has greatly diversified over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Favresse
- IFCC SARS-CoV-2 Variants Working Group , Verona , Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine , Clinique St-Luc Bouge , Namur , Belgium
- Department of Pharmacy , Namur Research Institute for Lifes Sciences, University of Namur , Namur , Belgium
| | - Jonathan Douxfils
- Department of Pharmacy , Namur Research Institute for Lifes Sciences, University of Namur , Namur , Belgium
- Qualiblood s.a. , Namur , Belgium
| | - Brandon Henry
- IFCC SARS-CoV-2 Variants Working Group , Verona , Italy
- Clinical Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- IFCC SARS-CoV-2 Variants Working Group , Verona , Italy
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Mario Plebani
- IFCC SARS-CoV-2 Variants Working Group , Verona , Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine , University-Hospital of Padova , Padova , Italy
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