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Yasak T, Özkaya Ö, Ergan Şahin A, Çolak Ö. Electromyographic and Clinical Investigation of the Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in Patients with Diabetes after Surgery for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Arch Plast Surg 2022; 49:200-206. [PMID: 35832667 PMCID: PMC9045528 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1744410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy. Studies have shown that results of CTS surgery are poorer in patients with diabetes. In this study, the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on nerve regeneration was investigated through clinical and electromyographic findings in patients with diabetes who underwent CTS surgery.
Methods A retrospective analysis of 20 patients with diabetes who had surgically decompressed CTS was conducted. Patients were divided into two groups. The study group received PRP treatment following surgery. The control group did not receive any treatment. Patients were assessed using electromyography and the Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire preoperatively as well as postoperatively at 3-month, 6-month, and 1-year follow-ups visits.
Results There was a decrease in complaints and an improvement in sensory and motor examinations in both groups. The Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire scores did not show any statistically significant differences between the two groups. However, electromyographic findings showed that there were statistical differences between preoperative and postoperative (3 months, 6 months, and 1 year) results in both groups. When the two groups were compared using preoperative and postoperative (3 months, 6 months, and 1 year) electromyographic values, no statistically significant differences were seen.
Conclusion Single injections of PRP did not have a significant impact on median nerve regeneration following CTS surgery in patients with diabetes. The effectiveness of multiple PRP injections can be investigated in patients with diabetes in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğçe Yasak
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşçıoğlu City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özay Özkaya
- Prof Dr. Özay Özkaya Private Clinic, Freelance Physician, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayça Ergan Şahin
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşçıoğlu City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özlem Çolak
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşçıoğlu City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Oxymatrine Extends Survival by Attenuating Neuroinflammation in a Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Neuroscience 2021; 465:11-22. [PMID: 33945797 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is one of the leading causes of death associated with neurodegenerative diseases worldwide, and the progression of the disease is characteristically accompanied by severe neuroinflammation. Neuroprotective effects of oxymatrine (OMT) were shown to be due to reduced neuroinflammation in the mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The present study investigated whether OMT has a therapeutic potential in transgenic SOD1-G93A (TgSOD1-G93A) mice. Daily OMT treatment started at the age of 55 days until the end stage of the disease. Body weight and rotarod motor performance were assessed every 3 days starting from 70 days of age. Footprints were recorded to measure the stride length 40 days and 60 days after the initiation of the treatment. Some animals were sacrificed at the age of 115 days, and the lumbar spinal cord was harvested for immunofluorescence and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to evaluate the neuroinflammatory responses. The results indicated that treatment with OMT delayed body weight loss, improved motor performance, and prolonged the survival of SOD1-G93A mice. Mechanistically, OMT treatment enhanced motor neuronal survival and alleviated the activation of microglia and astrocytes compared with those in the vehicle-treated group. Furthermore, the expression of the proinflammatory mediators was downregulated, and the expression of the anti-inflammatory factors was upregulated in the OMT-treated group compared with those in the vehicle-treated group (P < 0.05). Thus, the treatment with OMT had neuroprotective effects, promoting neuronal survival and extending the lifetime of SOD1-G93A mice by suppressing neuroinflammation.
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Atilano ML, Grönke S, Niccoli T, Kempthorne L, Hahn O, Morón-Oset J, Hendrich O, Dyson M, Adams ML, Hull A, Salcher-Konrad MT, Monaghan A, Bictash M, Glaria I, Isaacs AM, Partridge L. Enhanced insulin signalling ameliorates C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion toxicity in Drosophila. eLife 2021; 10:e58565. [PMID: 33739284 PMCID: PMC8007214 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G4C2 repeat expansions within the C9orf72 gene are the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). The repeats undergo repeat-associated non-ATG translation to generate toxic dipeptide repeat proteins. Here, we show that insulin/IGF signalling is reduced in fly models of C9orf72 repeat expansion using RNA sequencing of adult brain. We further demonstrate that activation of insulin/IGF signalling can mitigate multiple neurodegenerative phenotypes in flies expressing either expanded G4C2 repeats or the toxic dipeptide repeat protein poly-GR. Levels of poly-GR are reduced when components of the insulin/IGF signalling pathway are genetically activated in the diseased flies, suggesting a mechanism of rescue. Modulating insulin signalling in mammalian cells also lowers poly-GR levels. Remarkably, systemic injection of insulin improves the survival of flies expressing G4C2 repeats. Overall, our data suggest that modulation of insulin/IGF signalling could be an effective therapeutic approach against C9orf72 ALS/FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda L Atilano
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy AgeingLondonUnited Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCLLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Teresa Niccoli
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy AgeingLondonUnited Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCLLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Liam Kempthorne
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCLLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of NeurologyLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Oliver Hahn
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of AgeingCologneGermany
| | | | | | - Miranda Dyson
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy AgeingLondonUnited Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCLLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Mirjam Lisette Adams
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy AgeingLondonUnited Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCLLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Alexander Hull
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy AgeingLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Marie-Therese Salcher-Konrad
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCLLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of NeurologyLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Amy Monaghan
- Alzheimer's Research United Kingdom UCL Drug Discovery Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Magda Bictash
- Alzheimer's Research United Kingdom UCL Drug Discovery Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Idoia Glaria
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCLLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of NeurologyLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Adrian M Isaacs
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCLLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of NeurologyLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Linda Partridge
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy AgeingLondonUnited Kingdom
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of AgeingCologneGermany
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Staff NP, Jones DT, Singer W. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapies for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mayo Clin Proc 2019; 94:892-905. [PMID: 31054608 PMCID: PMC6643282 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells are multipotent cells that are being used to treat a variety of medical conditions. Over the past decade, there has been considerable excitement about using MSCs to treat neurodegenerative diseases, which are diseases that are typically fatal and without other robust therapies. In this review, we discuss the proposed MSC mechanisms of action in neurodegenerative diseases, which include growth factor secretion, exosome secretion, and attenuation of neuroinflammation. We then provide a summary of preclinical and early clinical work on MSC therapies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple system atrophy, Parkinson disease, and Alzheimer disease. Continued rigorous and controlled studies of MSC therapies will be critical in order to establish efficacy and protect patients from possible untoward effects.
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Eleftheriadou I, Manolaras I, Irvine EE, Dieringer M, Trabalza A, Mazarakis ND. αCAR IGF-1 vector targeting of motor neurons ameliorates disease progression in ALS mice. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2016; 3:752-768. [PMID: 27752511 PMCID: PMC5048386 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have previously described the generation of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (α CAR)-targeted vector, and shown that intramuscular delivery in mouse leg muscles resulted in specific retrograde transduction of lumbar-motor neurons (MNs). Here, we utilized the α CAR-targeted vector to investigate the in vivo neuroprotective effects of lentivirally expressed IGF-1 for inducing neuronal survival and ameliorating the neuropathology and behavioral phenotypes of the SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS. METHODS We produced cell factories of IGF-1 expressing lentiviral vectors (LVs) bearing α CAR or Vesicular Stomatitis Virus glycoprotein (VSV-G) on their surface so as to compare neuroprotection from MN transduced versus muscle transduced cells. We performed intramuscular delivery of either α CAR IGF-1 or VSVG IGF-1 LVs into key muscles of SOD1G93A mice prior to disease onset at day 28. Motor performance, coordination and gait analysis were assessed weekly. RESULTS We observed substantial therapeutic efficacy only with the α CAR IGF-1 LV pretreatment with up to 50% extension of survival compared to controls. α CAR IGF-1 LV-treated animals retained muscle tone and had better motor performance during their prolonged survival. Histological analysis of spinal cord samples at end-stage further confirmed that α CAR IGF-1 LV treatment delays disease onset by increasing MN survival compared with age-matched controls. Intrastriatal injection of α CAR eGFP LV in rats leads to transduction of neurons and glia locally and neurons in olfactory bulb distally. INTERPRETATION Our data are indicative of the efficacy of the α CAR IGF-1 LV in this model and support its candidacy for early noninvasive neuroprotective therapy in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Eleftheriadou
- Gene Therapy Centre for Neuroinflammation & Neurodegeneration Division of Brain Sciences Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London Hammersmith Hospital Campus London W12 0NN UK
| | - Ioannis Manolaras
- Gene Therapy Centre for Neuroinflammation & Neurodegeneration Division of Brain Sciences Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London Hammersmith Hospital Campus London W12 0NN UK
| | - Elaine E Irvine
- Metabolic Signaling Group MRC Clinical Sciences Centre Imperial College London Hammersmith Hospital Campus London W12 0NN UK
| | - Michael Dieringer
- Gene Therapy Centre for Neuroinflammation & Neurodegeneration Division of Brain Sciences Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London Hammersmith Hospital Campus London W12 0NN UK
| | - Antonio Trabalza
- Gene Therapy Centre for Neuroinflammation & Neurodegeneration Division of Brain Sciences Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London Hammersmith Hospital Campus London W12 0NN UK
| | - Nicholas D Mazarakis
- Gene Therapy Centre for Neuroinflammation & Neurodegeneration Division of Brain Sciences Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London Hammersmith Hospital Campus London W12 0NN UK
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Yacila G, Sari Y. Potential therapeutic drugs and methods for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Curr Med Chem 2015; 21:3583-93. [PMID: 24934355 DOI: 10.2174/0929867321666140601162710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by damage of motoneurons leading to paralysis state and long term disability. Riluzole is currently the only FDA-approved drug for the treatment of ALS. The proposed mechanisms of ALS include glutamate excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein aggregation, SOD1 accumulations, and neuronal death. In this review, we discuss potential biomarkers for the identification of patients with ALS. We further emphasize potential therapy involving the uses of neurotrophic factors such as IGFI, GDNF, VEGF, ADNF-9, colivelin and angiogenin in the treatment of ALS. Moreover, we described several existing drugs such as talampanel, ceftriaxone, pramipexole, dexpramipexole and arimoclomol potential compounds for the treatment of ALS. Interestingly, the uses of stem cell therapy and immunotherapy are promising for the treatment of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Y Sari
- University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614. USA.
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Krieger F, Elflein N, Saenger S, Wirthgen E, Rak K, Frantz S, Hoeflich A, Toyka KV, Metzger F, Jablonka S. Polyethylene glycol-coupled IGF1 delays motor function defects in a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1. Brain 2014; 137:1374-93. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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8
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Park S, Nozaki K, Smith JA, Krause JS, Banik NL. Cross-talk between IGF-1 and estrogen receptors attenuates intracellular changes in ventral spinal cord 4.1 motoneuron cells because of interferon-gamma exposure. J Neurochem 2013; 128:904-18. [PMID: 24188094 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a neuroprotective growth factor that promotes neuronal survival by inhibition of apoptosis. To examine whether IGF-1 exerts cytoprotective effects against extracellular inflammatory stimulation, ventral spinal cord 4.1 (VSC4.1) motoneuron cells were treated with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Our data demonstrated apoptotic changes, increased calpain:calpastatin and Bax:Bcl-2 ratios, and expression of apoptosis-related proteases (caspase-3 and -12) in motoneurons rendered by IFN-γ in a dose-dependent manner. Post-treatment with IGF-1 attenuated these changes. In addition, IGF-1 treatment of motoneurons exposed to IFN-γ decreased expression of inflammatory markers (cyclooxygenase-2 and nuclear factor-kappa B:inhibitor of kappa B ratio). Furthermore, IGF-1 attenuated the loss of expression of IGF-1 receptors (IGF-1Rα and IGF-1Rβ) and estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) induced by IFN-γ. To determine whether the protective effects of IGF-1 are associated with ERs, ERs antagonist ICI and selective siRNA targeted against ERα and ERβ were used in VSC4.1 motoneurons. Distinctive morphological changes were observed following siRNA knockdown of ERα and ERβ. In particular, apoptotic cell death assessed by TUNEL assay was enhanced in both ERα and ERβ-silenced VSC4.1 motoneurons following IFN-γ and IGF-1 exposure. These results suggest that IGF-1 protects motoneurons from inflammatory insult by a mechanism involving pivotal interactions with ERα and ERβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sookyoung Park
- Department of Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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9
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Chiu IM, Morimoto ETA, Goodarzi H, Liao JT, O'Keeffe S, Phatnani HP, Muratet M, Carroll MC, Levy S, Tavazoie S, Myers RM, Maniatis T. A neurodegeneration-specific gene-expression signature of acutely isolated microglia from an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse model. Cell Rep 2013; 4:385-401. [PMID: 23850290 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 491] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are resident immune cells of the CNS that are activated by infection, neuronal injury, and inflammation. Here, we utilize flow cytometry and deep RNA sequencing of acutely isolated spinal cord microglia to define their activation in vivo. Analysis of resting microglia identified 29 genes that distinguish microglia from other CNS cells and peripheral macrophages/monocytes. We then analyzed molecular changes in microglia during neurodegenerative disease activation using the SOD1(G93A) mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We found that SOD1(G93A) microglia are not derived from infiltrating monocytes, and that both potentially neuroprotective and toxic factors, including Alzheimer's disease genes, are concurrently upregulated. Mutant microglia differed from SOD1(WT), lipopolysaccharide-activated microglia, and M1/M2 macrophages, defining an ALS-specific phenotype. Concurrent messenger RNA/fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis revealed posttranscriptional regulation of microglia surface receptors and T cell-associated changes in the transcriptome. These results provide insights into microglia biology and establish a resource for future studies of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac M Chiu
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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10
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Saenger S, Holtmann B, Nilges MR, Schroeder S, Hoeflich A, Kletzl H, Spooren W, Ostrowitzki S, Hanania T, Sendtner M, Metzger F. Functional improvement in mouse models of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by PEGylated insulin-like growth factor I treatment depends on disease severity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 13:418-29. [PMID: 22871074 DOI: 10.3109/17482968.2012.679944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) has been successfully tested in the SOD1-G93A mouse model of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and proposed for clinical treatment. However, beneficial effects required gene therapy or intrathecal application. Circumventing the dosing issues we recently found that polyethylene glycol (PEG) modified IGF-I (PEG-IGF-I) modulated neuromuscular function after systemic application, and protected against disease progression in a motor neuron disease model. Here we investigated its effects in two SOD1-G93A mouse lines, the G1L with a milder and the G1H with a more severe phenotype. Results showed that in G1L mice, PEG-IGF-I treatment significantly improved muscle force, motor coordination and animal survival. In contrast, treatment of G1H mice with PEG-IGF-I or IGF-I even at high doses did not beneficially affect survival or functional outcomes despite increased signalling in brain and spinal cord by both agents. In conclusion, the data point towards further investigation of the therapeutic potential of PEG-IGF-I in ALS patients with less severe clinical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Saenger
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CNS Pharma Research & Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
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Audet JN, Gowing G, Paradis R, Soucy G, Julien JP. Ablation of proliferating cells in the CNS exacerbates motor neuron disease caused by mutant superoxide dismutase. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34932. [PMID: 22523565 PMCID: PMC3327706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferation of glia and immune cells is a common pathological feature of many neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here, to investigate the role of proliferating cells in motor neuron disease, SOD1(G93A) transgenic mice were treated intracerebroventicularly (i.c.v.) with the anti-mitotic drug cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C). I.c.v. delivery of Ara-C accelerated disease progression in SOD1(G93A) mouse model of ALS. Ara-C treatment caused substantial decreases in the number of microglia, NG2+ progenitors, Olig2+ cells and CD3+ T cells in the lumbar spinal cord of symptomatic SOD1(G93A) transgenic mice. Exacerbation of disease was also associated with significant alterations in the expression inflammatory molecules IL-1β, IL-6, TGF-β and the growth factor IGF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Nicolas Audet
- Research Centre of CHUQ, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Gowing
- Research Centre of CHUQ, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Renée Paradis
- Research Centre of CHUQ, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Soucy
- Research Centre of CHUQ, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Julien
- Research Centre of CHUQ, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Laval University, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Jablonka S, Holtmann B, Sendtner M, Metzger F. Therapeutic effects of PEGylated insulin-like growth factor I in the pmn mouse model of motoneuron disease. Exp Neurol 2011; 232:261-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Fergani A, Eschbach J, Oudart H, Larmet Y, Schwalenstocker B, Ludolph AC, Loeffler JP, Dupuis L. A mutation in the dynein heavy chain gene compensates for energy deficit of mutant SOD1 mice and increases potentially neuroprotective IGF-1. Mol Neurodegener 2011; 6:26. [PMID: 21521523 PMCID: PMC3111394 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-6-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive loss of motor neurons. ALS patients, as well as animal models such as mice overexpressing mutant SOD1s, are characterized by increased energy expenditure. In mice, this hypermetabolism leads to energy deficit and precipitates motor neuron degeneration. Recent studies have shown that mutations in the gene encoding the dynein heavy chain protein are able to extend lifespan of mutant SOD1 mice. It remains unknown whether the protection offered by these dynein mutations relies on a compensation of energy metabolism defects. RESULTS SOD1(G93A) mice were crossbred with mice harboring the dynein mutant Cramping allele (Cra/+ mice). Dynein mutation increased adipose stores in compound transgenic mice through increasing carbohydrate oxidation and sparing lipids. Metabolic changes that occurred in double transgenic mice were accompanied by the normalization of the expression of key mRNAs in the white adipose tissue and liver. Furthermore, Dynein Cra mutation rescued decreased post-prandial plasma triglycerides and decreased non esterified fatty acids upon fasting. In SOD1(G93A) mice, the dynein Cra mutation led to increased expression of IGF-1 in the liver, increased systemic IGF-1 and, most importantly, to increased spinal IGF-1 levels that are potentially neuroprotective. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the protection against SOD1(G93A) offered by the Cramping mutation in the dynein gene is, at least partially, mediated by a reversal in energy deficit and increased IGF-1 availability to motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Fergani
- Inserm U692, Laboratoire de Signalisations Moléculaires et Neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg, F-67085 France.
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Yu W, Wang J, Yin J. Platelet-rich plasma: a promising product for treatment of peripheral nerve regeneration after nerve injury. Int J Neurosci 2011; 121:176-80. [PMID: 21244302 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2010.544432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nerve regeneration includes regrowth of injured axons as well as myelination, restoration of synaptic connections and recovery of physiological functions. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is prepared from the patient's own blood and contains growth factors that influence wound healing and used in various surgical fields including oral and maxillofacial surgery. When platelets are activated either ex vivo or in vivo, growth factors and proteins were released from platelets' alpha granules. Recent studies proved that PRP could promote regeneration of injured peripheral nerve. This review focuses on current trials using PRP to promote nerve regeneration and repairment, and proposes potential clinical application of PRP for nerve injury in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- WenJun Yu
- Division of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
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Dodge JC, Treleaven CM, Fidler JA, Hester M, Haidet A, Handy C, Rao M, Eagle A, Matthews JC, Taksir TV, Cheng SH, Shihabuddin LS, Kaspar BK. AAV4-mediated expression of IGF-1 and VEGF within cellular components of the ventricular system improves survival outcome in familial ALS mice. Mol Ther 2010; 18:2075-84. [PMID: 20859261 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2010.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor neuron cell death in the cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord. Extensive efforts have been made to develop trophic factor-based therapies to enhance motor neuron survival; however, achievement of adequate therapeutic delivery to all regions of the corticospinal tract has remained a significant challenge. Here, we show that adeno-associated virus serotype 4 (AAV4)-mediated expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-165 in the cellular components of the ventricular system including the ependymal cell layer, choroid plexus [the primary cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-producing cells of the central nervous system (CNS)] and spinal cord central canal leads to trophic factor delivery throughout the CNS, delayed motor decline and a significant extension of survival in SOD1(G93A) transgenic mice. Interestingly, when IGF-1- and VEGF-165-expressing AAV4 vectors were given in combination, no additional benefit in efficacy was observed suggesting that these trophic factors are acting on similar signaling pathways to modestly slow disease progression. Consistent with these findings, experiments conducted in a recently described in vitro cell culture model of ALS led to a similar result, with both IGF-1 and VEGF-165 providing significant motor neuron protection but in a nonadditive fashion. These findings support the continued investigation of trophic factor-based therapies that target the CNS as a potential treatment of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Dodge
- Genzyme Corporation, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701-9322, USA.
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Mondok A, Aranyi Z, Kovacs GG, Czirjak S, Pusztai P, Varga I, Racz K. Rapid Progression of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in an Acromegalic Patient After Surgical Resection of a Growth Hormone-Producing Pituitary Adenoma. Neurologist 2010; 16:315-8. [DOI: 10.1097/nrl.0b013e3181b46fef] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Carreras I, Yuruker S, Aytan N, Hossain L, Choi JK, Jenkins BG, Kowall NW, Dedeoglu A. Moderate exercise delays the motor performance decline in a transgenic model of ALS. Brain Res 2009; 1313:192-201. [PMID: 19968977 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Revised: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 11/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between exercise and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor neuron loss, rapidly progressive weakness and early death has been controversial. We studied the effect of a high (HEX) and moderate-level exercise (MEX) on body weight, motor performance and motor neuron counts in the ventral horn of spinal cords in a transgenic mouse model of ALS (G93A-SOD1) that overexpresses a mutated form of the human SOD1 gene that is a cause of familial ALS. These transgenic mice show several similarities to the human disease, including rapid progressive motor weakness from 100 days of age and premature death at around 135 days of age. Mice were exposed to high or mid-level exercise of left sedentary (SED). At 70, 95 and 120 days of age, spinal cords were processed following euthanasia. Motor neurons larger than 15 mum in diameter were counted with a design-based stereological protocol using an optical fractionator probe in the ventral horn of different regions of the cord and compared to wild-type littermates. Moderate exercise delayed the onset of motor deficit by over a week. High exercise slightly but significantly hastened the onset of motor performance deficits. Motor neuron density in the lumbar cord was significantly higher in MEX group compared to SED at 95 days of age. These results show the beneficial effects of moderate exercise on the preservation of motor performance that correlates with higher motor neuron density in the ventral horn of the lumbar spinal cord in G93A mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Carreras
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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18
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Li J, Chian RJ, Ay I, Kashi BB, Celia SA, Tamrazian E, Pepinsky RB, Fishman PS, Brown RH, Francis JW. Insect GDNF:TTC fusion protein improves delivery of GDNF to mouse CNS. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 390:947-51. [PMID: 19852934 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With a view toward improving delivery of exogenous glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) to CNS motor neurons in vivo, we evaluated the bioavailability and pharmacological activity of a recombinant GDNF:tetanus toxin C-fragment fusion protein in mouse CNS. Following intramuscular injection, GDNF:TTC but not recombinant GDNF (rGDNF) produced strong GDNF immunostaining within ventral horn cells of the spinal cord. Intrathecal infusion of GDNF:TTC resulted in tissue concentrations of GDNF in lumbar spinal cord that were at least 150-fold higher than those in mice treated with rGDNF. While levels of immunoreactive choline acetyltransferase and GFRalpha-1 in lumbar cord were not altered significantly by intrathecal infusion of rGNDF, GDNF:TTC, or TTC, only rGDNF and GDNF:TTC caused significant weight loss following intracerebroventricular infusion. These studies indicate that insect cell-derived GDNF:TTC retains its bi-functional activity in mammalian CNS in vivo and improves delivery of GDNF to spinal cord following intramuscular- or intrathecal administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Li
- Cecil B Day Laboratory for Neuromuscular Research, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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19
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Chian RJ, Li J, Ay I, Celia SA, Kashi BB, Tamrazian E, Matthews JC, Bronson RT, Rossomando A, Pepinsky RB, Fishman PS, Brown RH, Francis JW. IGF-1:tetanus toxin fragment C fusion protein improves delivery of IGF-1 to spinal cord but fails to prolong survival of ALS mice. Brain Res 2009; 1287:1-19. [PMID: 19563785 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To improve delivery of human insulin-like growth factor-1 (hIGF-1) to brain and spinal cord, we generated a soluble IGF-1:tetanus toxin fragment C fusion protein (IGF-1:TTC) as a secreted product from insect cells. IGF-1:TTC exhibited IGF-1 and TTC activity in vitro; it increased levels of immunoreactive phosphoAkt in treated MCF-7 cells and bound to immobilized ganglioside GT1b. In mice, the fusion protein underwent retrograde transport by spinal cord motor neurons following intramuscular injection, and exhibited both TTC- and IGF-1 activity in the CNS following intrathecal infusion. Analogous to the case with TTC, intrathecal infusion of the fusion protein resulted in substantial levels of IGF-1:TTC in spinal cord tissue extracts. Tissue concentrations of hIGF-1 in lumbar spinal cords of mice infused with IGF-1:TTC were estimated to be approximately 500-fold higher than those in mice treated with unmodified recombinant hIGF-1 (rhIGF-1). Like rhIGF-1, infusion of IGF-1:TTC reduced levels of IGF-1 receptor immunoreactivity in the same extracts. Despite raising levels of exogenous hIGF-1 in spinal cord, intramuscular- or intrathecal administration of IGF-1:TTC had no significant effect on disease progression or survival of high-expressing SOD1(G93A) transgenic mice. IGF-1:TTC may prove to be neuroprotective in other animal models of CNS disease or injury known to be responsive to unmodified IGF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Ju Chian
- Cecil B. Day Laboratory for Neuromuscular Research, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Building 114, 16th Street, Room 3003, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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20
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Sakowski SA, Schuyler AD, Feldman EL. Insulin-like growth factor-I for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 10:63-73. [PMID: 18608100 DOI: 10.1080/17482960802160370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects both upper and lower motorneurons (MN) resulting in weakness, paralysis and subsequent death. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a potent neurotrophic factor that has neuroprotective properties in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Due to the efficacy of IGF-I in the treatment of other diseases and its ability to promote neuronal survival, IGF-I is being extensively studied in ALS therapeutic trials. This review covers in vitro and in vivo studies examining the efficacy of IGF-I in ALS model systems and also addresses the mechanisms by which IGF-I asserts its effects in these models, the status of the IGF-I system in ALS patients, results of clinical trials, and the need for the development of better delivery mechanisms to maximize IGF-I efficacy. The knowledge obtained from these studies suggests that IGF-I has the potential to be a safe and efficacious therapy for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey A Sakowski
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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21
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Garbuzova-Davis S, Sanberg PR. Feasibility of cell therapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Exp Neurol 2009; 216:3-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
IGF-I and -II are potent neuronal mitogens and survival factors. The actions of IGF-I and -II are mediated via the type I IGF receptor (IGF-IR) and IGF binding proteins regulate the bioavailability of the IGFs. Cell viability correlates with IGF-IR expression and intact IGF-I/IGF-IR signaling pathways, including activation of MAPK/phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase. The expression of IGF-I and -II, IGF-IR, and IGF binding proteins are developmentally regulated in the central and peripheral nervous system. IGF-I therapy demonstrates mixed therapeutic results in the treatment of peripheral nerve injury, neuropathy, and motor neuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In this review we discuss the role of IGFs during peripheral nervous system development and the IGF signaling system as the potential therapeutic target for the treatment of nerve injury and motor neuron diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli A Sullivan
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200, USA
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Dagvajantsan B, Aoki M, Warita H, Suzuki N, Itoyama Y. Up-regulation of insulin-like growth factor-II receptor in reactive astrocytes in the spinal cord of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis transgenic rats. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2008; 214:303-10. [PMID: 18441505 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.214.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by selective motor neuron death. We developed a rat model of ALS expressing a human cytosolic copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) transgene with two ALS-associated mutations: glycine to alanine at position 93 (G93A) and histidine to arginine at position 46 (H46R). Although the mechanism of ALS is still unclear, there are many hypotheses concerning its cause, including loss of neurotrophic support to motor neurons. Recent evidence suggests that insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) act as neurotrophic factors, and promote the survival and differentiation of neuronal cells including motor neurons. Their ability to enhance the outgrowth of spinal motor neurons suggests their potential as a therapeutic agent for the patients with ALS. In this study, we investigated IGF-II receptor immunoreactivity in the anterior horns of the lumbar level of the spinal cord in SOD1 transgenic rats with the H46R mutation of different ages as well as in normal littermates. The double-immunostaining for IGF-II receptor and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) demonstrated co-localization on reactive astrocytes ((**)p < 0.001) in the end-stage transgenic rats, whereas it was not evident at the pre-symptomatic stage or at the onset of the disease. Our results demonstrated the IGF-II receptor up-regulation in reactive astrocytes in the spinal cord of transgenic rats, which may reflect a protective response against the loss of IGF-related trophic factors. We suggest that IGF receptors may play a key role in the pathogenesis, and may have therapeutic implications in ALS.
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Physical Activity and Neuroprotection in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Neuromolecular Med 2008; 10:108-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-008-8030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2008] [Accepted: 01/16/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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25
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Foust KD, Flotte TR, Reier PJ, Mandel RJ. Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Global Anterograde Delivery of Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor to the Spinal Cord: Comparison of Rubrospinal and Corticospinal Tracts in the Rat. Hum Gene Ther 2008; 19:71-82. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2007.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D. Foust
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32611
- Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | | | - Paul J. Reier
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32611
- Movement Disorders Center and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Ronald J. Mandel
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32611
- Movement Disorders Center and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610
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Intraparenchymal spinal cord delivery of adeno-associated virus IGF-1 is protective in the SOD1G93A model of ALS. Brain Res 2007; 1185:256-65. [PMID: 17963733 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2007] [Revised: 09/04/2007] [Accepted: 09/05/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The potent neuroprotective activities of neurotrophic factors, including insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), make them promising candidates for treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In an effort to maximize rate of motor neuron transduction, achieve high levels of spinal IGF-1 and thus enhance therapeutic benefit, we injected an adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2)-based vector encoding human IGF-1 (CERE-130) into lumbar spinal cord parenchyma of SOD1(G93A) mice. We observed robust and long-term intraspinal IGF-1 expression and partial rescue of lumbar spinal cord motor neurons, as well as sex-specific delayed disease onset, weight loss, decline in hindlimb grip strength and increased animal survival.
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Locatelli F, Corti S, Papadimitriou D, Fortunato F, Del Bo R, Donadoni C, Nizzardo M, Nardini M, Salani S, Ghezzi S, Strazzer S, Bresolin N, Comi GP. Fas small interfering RNA reduces motoneuron death in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice. Ann Neurol 2007; 62:81-92. [PMID: 17503505 DOI: 10.1002/ana.21152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective motoneuron death. Understanding of the molecular mechanisms that trigger and regulate motoneuron degeneration could be relevant to ALS and other motoneuron disorders. This study investigates the role of Fas-linked motoneuron death in the pathogenesis of ALS. METHODS We performed in vitro and in vivo small interfering RNA-mediated interference, by silencing the Fas receptor on motoneurons that carry the superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1)-G93A mutation. RESULTS We observed a significant reduction in Fas expression at messenger RNA (p < 0.001) and protein levels. Treated motoneurons demonstrated an increase in survival and a reduction in cytochrome c release from mitochondria. In vivo, continuous intrathecal administration of Fas small interfering RNA by an osmotic minipump improved motor function and survival in SOD1-G93A mice (mean increase, 18 days; p < 0.0001). Treated mice showed a significant reduction in Fas and Fas mediators p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, and caspase-8. INTERPRETATION Fas silencing interferes with motoneuron-specific downstream death pathways and results in increased motoneuron survival and amelioration of the SOD1-G93A phenotype, suggesting new possible strategies for molecular therapy of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Locatelli
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Milan, IRCCS Foundation Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Mangiagalli and Regina Elena, Padiglione Ponti, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
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28
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Benatar M. Lost in translation: treatment trials in the SOD1 mouse and in human ALS. Neurobiol Dis 2007; 26:1-13. [PMID: 17300945 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2006.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2006] [Revised: 12/12/2006] [Accepted: 12/20/2006] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic success in the superoxide dismutase (SOD1) mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has not translated into effective therapy for human ALS, calling into question the utility of such preclinical data for identifying therapeutic agents that are worthy of further study in humans. This random effects meta-analysis of treatment trials in the superoxide dismutase (SOD1) mouse was undertaken in order to explore possible reasons for this failure of translational research and to identify potential pharmacological interventions that might be used in either a preventative or therapeutic trial in familial ALS. Among studies in which treatment was initiated presymptomatically, the weighted mean differences (WMDs) comparing the active treatment to control treated animals were 12 days (onset), 13 days (survival) and 5 days (survival interval). Among studies in which treatment was initiated at the time of symptom onset, the WMDs were 15 days (survival) and 8 days (survival interval). Subgroup analysis suggests that drugs such as minocycline and Cox-2 inhibitors with an anti-inflammatory mechanism of action, and anti-oxidative agents such as creatine or the manganese porphyrin AEOL-10150, appear to be the most promising for preventative and therapeutic trials respectively in patients with familial ALS. These conclusions should be tempered by the methodological limitations of the relevant literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Benatar
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Woodruff Memorial Building, 1639 Pierce Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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29
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Li W, Brakefield D, Pan Y, Hunter D, Myckatyn TM, Parsadanian A. Muscle-derived but not centrally derived transgene GDNF is neuroprotective in G93A-SOD1 mouse model of ALS. Exp Neurol 2006; 203:457-71. [PMID: 17034790 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2006.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2006] [Revised: 07/27/2006] [Accepted: 08/29/2006] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a potent survival factor for motoneurons (MNs), and is considered a potential agent for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other MN diseases. The effectiveness of GDNF may depend significantly upon its route of delivery to MNs. In this study we tested the neuroprotective effects of target-derived and centrally derived GDNF in the G93A-SOD1 mouse model of ALS using a transgenic approach. We found that overexpression of GDNF in the skeletal muscle (Myo-GDNF mice) significantly delayed the onset of disease and increased the life span of G93A-SOD1 mice by 17 days. The duration of disease also increased by 8.5 days, indicating that GDNF slowed down the progression of disease. Locomotor performance in Myo-GDNF/G93A-SOD1 mice was also significantly improved. The behavioral improvement correlated well with anatomical and histological data. We demonstrated that muscle-derived GDNF resulted in increased survival of spinal MNs, and twice as many MNs survived in end-stage double transgenic mice compared to end-stage G93A-SOD1 mice. Muscle-derived GDNF also had profound effects on muscle innervation and axonal degeneration. Significantly higher numbers of completely or partially innervated NMJs and large caliber myelinated axons were found in double transgenic mice. In contrast, we demonstrated that overexpression of GDNF in astrocytes in the CNS (GFAP-GDNF mice) failed to demonstrate any neuroprotective effects in G93A-SOD1 mice both on behavioral and histological levels. These data indicate that retrograde transport and signaling of GDNF is more physiological and effective for ALS treatment than anterogradely transported GDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Department of Neurology and Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8518, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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30
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Ohta Y, Nagai M, Nagata T, Murakami T, Nagano I, Narai H, Kurata T, Shiote M, Shoji M, Abe K. Intrathecal injection of epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor 2 promotes proliferation of neural precursor cells in the spinal cords of mice with mutant human SOD1 gene. J Neurosci Res 2006; 84:980-92. [PMID: 16902995 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We investigated three steps of neural precursor cell activation--proliferation, migration, and differentiation--in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spinal cord treated with intrathecal infusion of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) into the lumbar spinal cord region of normal and symptomatic transgenic (Tg) mice with a mutant human Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene. We observed that 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) + nestin double-labeled neural precursor cells increased in the spinal cords of Tg mice compared with non-Tg mice, with a much greater increase produced by EGF and FGF2 treatment. The number of BrdU + nestin double-labeled cells was larger than that of BrdU + ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1 (Iba1), BrdU + glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), or BrdU + highly polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) double-labeled cells, but none expressed neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN). On further analysis of the gray matter of Tg mice, the number of BrdU + nestin and BrdU + PSA-NCAM double-labeled cells increased more in the ventral horns than the dorsal horns, which was again greatly enhanced by EGF and FGF2 treatment. Because neural precursor cells reside close to the ependyma of central canal, the present study suggests that proliferation and migration of neural precursor cells to the ventral horns is greatly activated in symptomatic Tg mice and is further enhanced by EGF and FGF2 treatment and, furthermore, that the neural precursor cells preferentially differentiate into neuronal precursor cells instead of astrocytes in Tg mice with EGF and FGF2 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Ohta
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmacy, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
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