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Alex AM, Buss C, Davis EP, Campos GDL, Donald KA, Fair DA, Gaab N, Gao W, Gilmore JH, Girault JB, Grewen K, Groenewold NA, Hankin BL, Ipser J, Kapoor S, Kim P, Lin W, Luo S, Norton ES, O'Connor TG, Piven J, Qiu A, Rasmussen JM, Skeide MA, Stein DJ, Styner MA, Thompson PM, Wakschlag L, Knickmeyer R. Genetic Influences on the Developing Young Brain and Risk for Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 93:905-920. [PMID: 36932005 PMCID: PMC10136952 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Imaging genetics provides an opportunity to discern associations between genetic variants and brain imaging phenotypes. Historically, the field has focused on adults and adolescents; very few imaging genetics studies have focused on brain development in infancy and early childhood (from birth to age 6 years). This is an important knowledge gap because developmental changes in the brain during the prenatal and early postnatal period are regulated by dynamic gene expression patterns that likely play an important role in establishing an individual's risk for later psychiatric illness and neurodevelopmental disabilities. In this review, we summarize findings from imaging genetics studies spanning from early infancy to early childhood, with a focus on studies examining genetic risk for neuropsychiatric disorders. We also introduce the Organization for Imaging Genomics in Infancy (ORIGINs), a working group of the ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) consortium, which was established to facilitate large-scale imaging genetics studies in infancy and early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Alex
- Institute for Quantitative Health Sciences and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Claudia Buss
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California; Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Elysia Poggi Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California; Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Gustavo de Los Campos
- Institute for Quantitative Health Sciences and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Department of Statistics & Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Kirsten A Donald
- Division of Developmental Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Damien A Fair
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Institute of Child Development, College of Education and Human Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Nadine Gaab
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Wei Gao
- Cedars-Sinai Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Los Angeles, California; Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - John H Gilmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jessica B Girault
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carrboro, North Carolina
| | - Karen Grewen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Nynke A Groenewold
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Benjamin L Hankin
- Psychology Department, University of Illinois Urbana,-Champaign, Illinois
| | - Jonathan Ipser
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Shreya Kapoor
- Research Group Learning in Early Childhood, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pilyoung Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Weili Lin
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Shan Luo
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Elizabeth S Norton
- Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois; Department of Medical Social Sciences and Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Thomas G O'Connor
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, Neuroscience, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Joseph Piven
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carrboro, North Carolina
| | - Anqi Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS (Suzhou) Research Institute, National University of Singapore, China; the Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jerod M Rasmussen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California; Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Michael A Skeide
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Research Group Learning in Early Childhood, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dan J Stein
- South African Medical Research Council Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Martin A Styner
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of the Sunshine Coast, Marina del Rey, California
| | - Laurie Wakschlag
- Department of Medical Social Sciences and Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rebecca Knickmeyer
- Institute for Quantitative Health Sciences and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.
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Zhao K, Zeng L, Cai Z, Liu M, Sun T, Li Z, Liu R. RNA sequencing-based identification of the regulatory mechanism of microRNAs, transcription factors, and corresponding target genes involved in vascular dementia. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:917489. [PMID: 36203804 PMCID: PMC9531238 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.917489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common form of dementia with uncertain mechanisms and no effective treatments. microRNAs (miRNAs) and transcription factors (TFs) are considered regulatory factors of genes involved in many diseases. Therefore, this work investigated the aberrantly expressed miRNAs, TFs, corresponding target genes, and their co-regulatory networks in the cortex of rats with bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2VO) to uncover the potential mechanism and biomarkers of VaD. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), miRNAs (DEMs), and TFs (DETFs) were identified using RNA sequencing, and their interaction networks were constructed using Cytoscape. The results showed that rats with 2VO had declined cognitive abilities and neuronal loss in the cortex than sham rats. DEGs, DEMs, and DETFs were discriminated between rats with 2VO and sham rats in the cortex, as shown by the 13 aberrantly expressed miRNAs, 805 mRNAs, and 63 TFs. The miRNA-TF-target gene network was constructed, showing 523 nodes and 7237 edges. Five miRNAs (miR-5132-5p, miR-764-3p, miR-223-3p, miR-145-5p, and miR-122-5p), ten TFs (Mxi1, Nfatc4, Rxrg, Zfp523, Foxj2, Nkx6-1, Klf4, Klf5, Csrnp1, and Prdm6), and seven target genes (Serpine1, Nedd4l, Pxn, Col1a1, Plec, Trip12, and Tpm1) were chosen as the significant nodes to construct feed-forward loops (FFLs). Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analysis revealed that these miRNA and TF-associated genes are mostly involved in the PI3K/Akt, neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction, calcium signaling, and Wnt signaling pathways, along with central locations around the cell membrane. They exert functions such as growth factor binding, integrin binding, and extracellular matrix structural constituent, with representative biological processes like vasculature development, cell–substrate adhesion, cellular response to growth factor stimulus, and synaptic transmission. Furthermore, the expression of three miRNAs (miR-145-5p, miR-122-5p, and miR-5132-5p), six TFs (Csrnp1, Klf4, Nfatc4, Rxrg, Foxj2, and Klf5), and five mRNAs (Serpine1, Plec, Nedd4l, Trip12, and Tpm1) were significantly changed in rats with VaD, in line with the outcome of RNA sequencing. In the potential FFL, miR-145-5p directly bound Csrnp1 and decreased its mRNA expression. These results might help the understanding of the underlying regulatory mechanisms of miRNA-TF-genes, providing potential therapeutic targets in VaD.
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Li AL, Zhu YM, Gao LQ, Wei SY, Wang MT, Ma Q, Zheng YY, Li JH, Wang QF. Exploration of the Immune-Related Signatures and Immune Infiltration Analysis in Melanoma. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2021; 2021:4743971. [PMID: 33511023 PMCID: PMC7826228 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4743971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to investigate immune-related signatures and immune infiltration in melanoma. The transcriptome profiling and clinical data of melanoma were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, and their matched normal samples were obtained from the Genotype-Tissue Expression database. After merging the genome expression data using Perl, the limma package was used for data normalization. We screened the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and obtained immune signatures associated with melanoma by an immune-related signature list from the InnateDB database. Univariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify potential prognostic immune genes, and LASSO analysis was used to identify the hub genes. Next, based on the results of multivariate Cox regression analysis, we constructed a risk model for melanoma. We investigated the correlation between risk score and clinical characteristics and overall survival (OS) of patients. Based on the TIMER database, the association between selected immune signatures and immune cell distribution was evaluated. Next, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was performed using CIBERSORT, which confirmed the differential distribution of immune-infiltrating cells between different risk groups. We obtained a list of 91 differentially expressed immune-related signatures. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that these immune-related DEGs participated in several areas of immune-related crosstalk, including cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, chemokine signaling pathway, and Th17 cell differentiation pathway. A risk model was established based on multivariate Cox analysis results, and Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed. The Kruskal-Wallis test suggested that a high risk score indicated a poorer OS and correlated with higher American Joint Committee on Cancer-TNM (AJCC-TNM) stages and advanced pathological stages (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the association between hub immune signatures and immune cell distribution was evaluated in specific tumor samples. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to estimate immune infiltration density in the two groups, and results showed that the high-risk group exhibited a lower infiltration density, and the dominant immune cells included M0 macrophages (P = 0.023) and activated mast cells (P = 0.005).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-lan Li
- Department of Dermatology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying 257091, China
| | - Yong-mei Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying 257091, China
| | - Lai-qiang Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying 257091, China
| | - Shu-yue Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying 257091, China
| | - Ming-tao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying 257091, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying 257091, China
| | - You-you Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying 257091, China
| | - Jian-hua Li
- Department of Dermatology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying 257091, China
| | - Qing-feng Wang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Liaoning University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110079, China
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Zhang Q, Li X, He R, Ma Q, Sun R, Ji S, Wang B, Tian Y. The effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor on radiation-induced neuron architecture impairment is associated with the NFATc4/3 pathway. Brain Res 2018; 1681:21-27. [PMID: 29288061 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Irradiation to developing brains results in progressive cognitive dysfunction. Changes in the morphology of mature neurons are thought to be related to impairments of cognitive function. However, little is known about the effects of radiation on neurite outgrowth of immature neurons. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the structural alterations of immature neurons following X-ray irradiation and determine potential strategies to reverse it. Our data revealed damage to the neurite outgrowths of cultured neurons after 2 Gy and 8 Gy irradiation at 1 d and 3 d, respectively. De-phosphorylation of nuclear factor of activated T-cells c4/3 (NFATc4/3) was inhibited post-irradiation. Extraneous brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) ameliorated impairment of neurite growth and activated the NFATc4/3 signaling pathway. These data indicate that BDNF confers neuroprotective effects against irradiation by modulating the NFATc4/3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixian Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, San Xiang Road No. 1055, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, San Xiang Road No. 1055, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ru He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, San Xiang Road No. 1055, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Quanhong Ma
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Ren Ai Road No. 199, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Sun
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, San Xiang Road No. 1055, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengjun Ji
- Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Bei Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, San Xiang Road No. 1055, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ye Tian
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, San Xiang Road No. 1055, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Bodmer D, Perkovic A, Sekulic-Jablanovic M, Wright MB, Petkovic V. Pasireotide prevents nuclear factor of activated T cells nuclear translocation and acts as a protective agent in aminoglycoside-induced auditory hair cell loss. J Neurochem 2016; 139:1113-1123. [PMID: 27787949 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hearing impairment is a global health problem with a high socioeconomic impact. Damage to auditory hair cells (HCs) in the inner ear as a result of aging, disease, trauma, or toxicity, underlies the majority of cases of sensorineural hearing loss. Previously we demonstrated that the Ca2+ -sensitive neuropeptide, somatostatin (SST), and an analog, octreotide, protect HCs from gentamicin-induced cell death in vitro. Aminoglycosides such as gentamicin trigger a calcium ion influx (Ca2+ ) that activates pro-apoptotic signaling cascades in HCs. SST binding to the G-protein-coupled receptors (SSTR1-SSTR5) that are directly linked to voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels inhibits Ca2+ channel activity and associated downstream events. Here, we report that the SST analog pasireotide, a high affinity ligand to SSTRs 1-3, and 5, with a longer half-life than octreotide, prevents gentamicin-induced HC death in the mouse organ of Corti (OC). Explant experiments using OCs derived from SSTR1 and SSTR1and 2 knockout mice, revealed that SSTR2 mediates pasireotide's anti-apoptotic effects. Mechanistically, pasireotide prevented a nuclear translocation of the Ca2+ -sensitive transcription factor, nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), which is ordinarily provoked by gentamicin in OC explants. Direct inhibition of NFAT with 11R-VIVIT also prevented the gentamicin-dependent nuclear translocation of NFAT and apoptosis. Both pasireotide and 11R-VIVIT partially reversed the effects of gentamicin on the expression of downstream survival targets (NMDA receptor and the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, PI3K). These data suggest that SST analogs antagonize aminoglycoside-induced cell death in an NFAT-dependent fashion. SST analogs and NFAT inhibitors may therefore offer new therapeutic possibilities for the treatment of hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bodmer
- Department of Biomedicine and the Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adrijana Perkovic
- Department of Biomedicine and the Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marijana Sekulic-Jablanovic
- Department of Biomedicine and the Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Vesna Petkovic
- Department of Biomedicine and the Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Lim J, Choi HS, Choi HJ. Estrogen-related receptor gamma regulates dopaminergic neuronal phenotype by activating GSK3β/NFAT signaling in SH-SY5Y cells. J Neurochem 2015; 133:544-57. [PMID: 25727910 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The orphan nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ) is highly expressed in the nervous system during embryogenesis and in adult brains, but its physiological role in neuronal development remains unknown. In this study, we evaluated the relevance of ERRγ in regulating dopaminergic (DAergic) phenotype and the corresponding signaling pathway. We used retinoic acid (RA) to differentiate human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. RA induced neurite outgrowth of SH-SY5Y cells with an increase in DAergic neuron-like properties, including up-regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine transporter, and vesicular monoamine transporter 2. ERRγ, but not ERRα, was up-regulated by RA, and participated in RA effect on SH-SY5Y cells. ERRγ over-expression enhanced mature DAergic neuronal phenotype with neurite outgrowth as with RA treatment; and RA-induced increase in DAergic phenotype was attenuated by silencing ERRγ expression. ERRγ appears to have a crucial role in morphological and functional regulation of cells that is selective for DAergic neurons. Polo-like kinase 2 was up-regulated in ERRγ-over-expressing SH-SY5Y cells, which was involved in phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β and resulting downstream activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells. The likely involvement of ERRγ in regulating the DAergic neuronal phenotype makes this orphan nuclear receptor a novel target for understanding DAergic neuronal differentiation. We propose the relevance of estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ) in regulating dopaminergic neuronal phenotype: ERRγ is up-regulated by retinoic acid in SH-SY5Y cells, and enhances dopaminergic phenotypes and induces neurite outgrowth; Polo-like kinase 2 (PLK2) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta/nuclear factor of activated T cells (GSK3β/NFAT) signaling are responsible for the ERRγ effect. Our findings provide the first insights into the role of ERRγ in the brain, as a novel approach toward understanding dopaminergic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Lim
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
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Mizuno K, Kurokawa K, Ohkuma S. Regulation of type 1 IP3 receptor expression by dopamine D2-like receptors via AP-1 and NFATc4 activation. Neuropharmacology 2013; 71:264-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Up-regulation of NFATc4 Involves in Neuronal Apoptosis Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2013; 33:893-905. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-013-9955-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Mizuno K, Kurokawa K, Ohkuma S. Dopamine D1 receptors regulate type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor expression via both AP-1- and NFATc4-mediated transcriptional processes. J Neurochem 2012; 122:702-13. [PMID: 22686291 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07827.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although our recent report demonstrates the essential involvement of up-regulation of a regulator of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration, type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP(3) Rs-1), mediated via dopamine D1-like receptor (D1DR) stimulation in the cocaine-induced psychological dependence, the exact mechanisms of regulation of IP(3) R-1 expression by D1DRs have not yet been clarified. This study attempted to clarify these mechanisms using mouse cerebral cortical neurons. An agonist for phosphatidylinositide-linked D1DRs, SKF83959, induced dose- and time-dependently IP(3) R-1 protein up-regulation following its mRNA increase without cAMP production. U73122 (a phospholipase C inhibitor), BAPTA-AM (an intracellular calcium chelating reagent), W7 (a calmodulin inhibitor), KN-93 (a calmodulin-dependent protein kinases inhibitor), and FK506 (a calcineurin inhibitor), significantly inhibited the SKF83959-induced IP(3) R-1 up-regulation. Furthermore, immunohistochemical examinations showed that SKF83959 increased expression of both cFos and cJun in nucleus as well as enhanced translocation of both calcineurin and NFATc4 complex to nucleus from cytoplasm. In addition, SKF83959 directly recruited binding of both AP-1 and NFATc4 to IP(3) R-1 promoter region. These results indicate that D1DR activation induces IP(3) R-1 up-regulation via increased translocation of AP-1 as well as NFATc4 in Gαq protein-coupled calcium signaling transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Mizuno
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
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Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATc4) is required for BDNF-dependent survival of adult-born neurons and spatial memory formation in the hippocampus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:E1499-508. [PMID: 22586092 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1202068109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
New neurons generated in the adult dentate gyrus are constantly integrated into the hippocampal circuitry and activated during encoding and recall of new memories. Despite identification of extracellular signals that regulate survival and integration of adult-born neurons such as neurotrophins and neurotransmitters, the nature of the intracellular modulators required to transduce those signals remains elusive. Here, we provide evidence of the expression and transcriptional activity of nuclear factor of activated T cell c4 (NFATc4) in hippocampal progenitor cells. We show that NFATc4 calcineurin-dependent activity is required selectively for survival of adult-born neurons in response to BDNF signaling. Indeed, cyclosporin A injection and stereotaxic delivery of the BDNF scavenger TrkB-Fc in the mouse dentate gyrus reduce the survival of hippocampal adult-born neurons in wild-type but not in NFATc4(-/-) mice and do not affect the net rate of neural precursor proliferation and their fate commitment. Furthermore, associated with the reduced survival of adult-born neurons, the absence of NFATc4 leads to selective defects in LTP and in the encoding of hippocampal-dependent spatial memories. Thus, our data demonstrate that NFATc4 is essential in the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and identify NFATc4 as a central player of BDNF-driven prosurvival signaling in hippocampal adult-born neurons.
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Nuclear factor of activated T-cells isoform c4 (NFATc4/NFAT3) as a mediator of antiapoptotic transcription in NMDA receptor-stimulated cortical neurons. J Neurosci 2009; 29:15331-40. [PMID: 19955386 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4873-09.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
During cortical development, when NR2B subunit is the major component of the NMDA glutamate receptors (NMDARs), moderate NMDAR activity supports neuronal survival at least in part by regulating gene transcription. We report that, in cultured cortical neurons from newborn rats, the NMDARs activated the calcium-responsive transcription regulator nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). Moreover, in developing rat cortex, the NFAT isoforms c3 and c4 (NFATc3 and NFATc4) were expressed at relatively higher levels at postnatal day 7 (P7) than P21, overlapping with the period of NMDAR-dependent survival. In cultured cortical neurons, NFATc3 and NFATc4 were regulated at least in part by the NR2B NMDAR. Conversely, knockdown of NFATc4 but not NFATc3 induced cortical neuron apoptosis. Likewise, NFATc4 inhibition prevented antiapoptotic neuroprotection in response to exogenous NMDA. Expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was reduced by NFATc4 inhibition. NFATc4 regulated transcription by the NMDAR-responsive bdnf promoter IV. In addition, NMDAR blockers including NR2B-selective once reduced BDNF expression in P7 cortex and cultured cortical neurons. Finally, exogenous BDNF rescued from the proapoptotic effects of NFATc4 inhibition. These results identify bdnf as one of the target genes for the antiapoptotic signaling by NMDAR-NFATc4. Thus, the previously unrecognized NMDAR-NFATc4-BDNF pathway contributes to the survival signaling network that supports cortical development.
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Kaminsky Y, Kosenko E. AMP deaminase and adenosine deaminase activities in liver and brain regions in acute ammonia intoxication and subacute toxic hepatitis. Brain Res 2009; 1311:175-81. [PMID: 19900420 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Revised: 10/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cytosolic enzymes AMP deaminase and adenosine deaminase (ADA) catalyze AMP and adenosine deamination, constitute rate-limiting steps of adenine nucleotide catabolism and play important roles in cellular energy metabolism. In this study, AMP deaminase and ADA activities of rat liver, neocortex, cerebellum, striatum and hippocampus were investigated in acute ammonia intoxication and subacute CCl(4)-induced hepatitis. Activities of both AMP deaminase and ADA in the liver were elevated by 2.4-4.2-fold (p<0.0001) in both models of hepatotoxic injury as compared with controls. In acute hyperammonemia activities of AMP, deaminase and ADA increased by 46-59% (p<0.02) in the neocortex and did not change in the striatum. In the hippocampus of hyperammonemic rats, only AMP deaminase activity was increased by 48% (p=0.0004), and in the cerebellum only ADA activity was increased significantly (by 26%, p<0.05). The adenylate pool size and energy charge were greatly reduced in the neocortex of hyperammonemic rats. Results suggested that two parallel pathways of AMP breakdown, including AMP deaminase and ADA, respectively, are up-regulated under pathological conditions, probably in order to overcome compensatory synthesis of adenylates, to ensure prompt adenylate pool depletion and reduce the adenylate energy charge in liver and selected brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury Kaminsky
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia.
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13
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Schwartz N, Schohl A, Ruthazer ES. Neural activity regulates synaptic properties and dendritic structure in vivo through calcineurin/NFAT signaling. Neuron 2009; 62:655-69. [PMID: 19524525 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2008] [Revised: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The calcium-regulated protein phosphatase Calcineurin (CaN) participates in synaptic plasticity and the regulation of transcription factors, including Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT). To understand how CaN contributes to neuronal circuit development, whole-cell mEPSC recordings and multiphoton imaging were performed in the visual system of living Xenopus laevis tadpoles electroporated to express either a CaN phosphatase inhibitor or N-VIVIT, a nuclear localization sequence-tagged VIVIT peptide that blocks the binding of CaN to select substrates including NFAT. Both strategies increased mEPSC frequency and dendritic arbor complexity in tectal neurons over 3 days. Expression of either of two constitutively active Xenopus NFATs (CA-NFATs) restored normal synaptic properties in neurons expressing N-VIVIT. However, the morphological phenotype was only rescued by a CA-NFAT bearing an intact regulatory domain, implying that transcriptional control of morphological and electrophysiological properties of neurons is mediated by distinct NFAT interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Schwartz
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
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14
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Nguyen T, Lindner R, Tedeschi A, Forsberg K, Green A, Wuttke A, Gaub P, Di Giovanni S. NFAT-3 is a transcriptional repressor of the growth-associated protein 43 during neuronal maturation. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:18816-23. [PMID: 19443652 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.015719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription is essential for neurite and axon outgrowth during development. Recent work points to the involvement of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) in the regulation of genes important for axon growth and guidance. However, NFAT has not been reported to directly control the transcription of axon outgrowth-related genes. To identify transcriptional targets, we performed an in silico promoter analysis and found a putative NFAT site within the GAP-43 promoter. Using in vitro and in vivo experiments, we demonstrated that NFAT-3 regulates GAP-43, but unexpectedly, does not promote but represses the expression of GAP-43 in neurons and in the developing brain. Specifically, in neuron-like PC-12 cells and in cultured cortical neurons, the overexpression of NFAT-3 represses GAP-43 activation mediated by neurotrophin signaling. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we also show that prior to neurotrophin activation, endogenous NFAT-3 occupies the GAP-43 promoter in PC-12 cells, in cultured neurons, and in the mouse brain. Finally, we observe that NFAT-3 is required to repress the physiological expression of GAP-43 and other pro-axon outgrowth genes in specific developmental windows in the mouse brain. Taken together, our data reveal an unexpected role for NFAT-3 as a direct transcriptional repressor of GAP-43 expression and suggest a more general role for NFAT-3 in the control of the neuronal outgrowth program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Nguyen
- Laboratory for NeuroRegeneration and Repair, Department of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Germany
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15
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Vihma H, Pruunsild P, Timmusk T. Alternative splicing and expression of human and mouse NFAT genes. Genomics 2008; 92:279-91. [PMID: 18675896 PMCID: PMC2577130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2008.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2008] [Revised: 06/20/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Four members of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family (NFATC1, NFATC2, NFATC3, and NFATC4) are Ca2+-regulated transcription factors that regulate several processes in vertebrates, including the development and function of the immune, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and nervous systems. Here we describe the structures and alternative splicing of the human and mouse NFAT genes, including novel splice variants for NFATC1, NFATC2, NFATC3, and NFATC4, and show the expression of different NFAT mRNAs in various mouse and human tissues and brain regions by RT-PCR. Our results show that alternatively spliced NFAT mRNAs are expressed differentially and could contribute to the diversity of functions of the NFAT proteins. Since NFAT family members are Ca2+-regulated and have critical roles in neuronal gene transcription in response to electrical activity, we describe the expression of NFATC1, NFATC2, NFATC3, and NFATC4 mRNAs in the adult mouse brain and in the adult human hippocampus using in situ hybridization and show that all NFAT mRNAs are expressed in the neurons of the mouse brain with specific patterns for each NFAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Vihma
- Department of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn 19086, Estonia
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16
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Deafferentation-induced activation of NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells) in cochlear nucleus neurons during a developmental critical period: a role for NFATc4-dependent apoptosis in the CNS. J Neurosci 2008; 28:3159-69. [PMID: 18354019 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5227-07.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During the development and maturation of sensory neurons, afferent activity is required for normal maintenance. There exists a developmental window of time when auditory neurons, including neurons of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN), depend on afferent input for survival. This period of time is often referred to as a critical period. The cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie AVCN neuron susceptibility to deafferentation-induced death remain unknown. Here, we show that only during this critical period deafferentation of mouse AVCN neurons by in vivo cochlea removal results in rapid nuclear translocation and activation of the transcription factor NFATc4 (nuclear factor of activated T-cells isoform 4). NFAT activation is abolished by in vivo treatment with the calcineurin inhibitor FK506 and the specific NFAT-inhibitor 11R-VIVIT. Inhibition of NFAT significantly attenuates deafferentation-induced apoptosis of AVCN neurons and abolishes NFAT-mediated expression of FasL, an initiator of apoptotic pathways, in the cochlear nucleus. These data suggest that NFAT-mediated gene expression plays a role in deafferentation-induced apoptosis of cochlear nucleus neurons during a developmental critical period.
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17
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Groth RD, Weick JP, Bradley KC, Luoma JI, Aravamudan B, Klug JR, Thomas MJ, Mermelstein PG. D1 dopamine receptor activation of NFAT-mediated striatal gene expression. Eur J Neurosci 2008; 27:31-42. [PMID: 18184313 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05980.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to drugs of abuse activates gene expression and protein synthesis that result in long-lasting adaptations in striatal signaling. Therefore, identification of the transcription factors that couple drug exposure to gene expression is of particular importance. Members of the nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFATc) family of transcription factors have recently been implicated in shaping neuronal function throughout the rodent nervous system. Here we demonstrate that regulation of NFAT-mediated gene expression may also be a factor in drug-induced changes to striatal functioning. In cultured rat striatal neurons, stimulation of D1 dopamine receptors induces NFAT-dependent transcription through activation of L-type calcium channels. Additionally, the genes encoding inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 and glutamate receptor subunit 2 are regulated by striatal NFATc4 activity. Consistent with these in-vitro data, repeated exposure to cocaine triggers striatal NFATc4 nuclear translocation and the up-regulation of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 and glutamate receptor subunit 2 gene expression in vivo, suggesting that cocaine-induced increases in gene expression may be partially mediated through activation of NFAT-dependent transcription. Collectively, these findings reveal a novel molecular pathway that may contribute to the enduring modifications in striatal functioning that occur following the administration of drugs of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D Groth
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 6-145 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street, S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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18
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Seybold VS, Coicou LG, Groth RD, Mermelstein PG. Substance P initiates NFAT-dependent gene expression in spinal neurons. J Neurochem 2006; 97:397-407. [PMID: 16539671 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03744.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Persistent hyperalgesia is associated with increased expression of proteins that contribute to enhanced excitability of spinal neurons, however, little is known about how expression of these proteins is regulated. We tested the hypothesis that Substance P stimulation of neurokinin receptors on spinal neurons activates the transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells isoform 4 (NFATc4). The occurrence of NFATc4 in spinal cord was demonstrated with RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. Substance P activated NFAT-dependent gene transcription in primary cultures of neonatal rat spinal cord transiently transfected with a luciferase DNA reporter construct. The effect of Substance P was mediated by neuronal neurokinin-1 receptors that coupled to activation of protein kinase C, l-type voltage-dependent calcium channels, and calcineurin. Interestingly, Substance P had no effect on cyclic AMP response element (CRE)-dependent gene expression. Conversely, calcitonin gene-related peptide, which activated CRE-dependent gene expression, did not activate NFAT signaling. These data provide evidence that peptides released from primary afferent neurons regulate discrete patterns of gene expression in spinal neurons. Because the release of Substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide from primary afferent neurons is increased following peripheral injury, these peptides may differentially regulate the expression of proteins that underlie persistent hyperalgesia.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide/pharmacology
- Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Interactions
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Hippocampus/drug effects
- Indoles/pharmacology
- NFATC Transcription Factors/genetics
- NFATC Transcription Factors/metabolism
- NFATC Transcription Factors/physiology
- Neurokinin A/pharmacology
- Neurons, Afferent/metabolism
- Nimodipine/pharmacology
- Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate/pharmacology
- Quinuclidines/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Neurokinin-1/genetics
- Receptors, Neurokinin-1/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Spinal Cord/cytology
- Spleen/drug effects
- Substance P/agonists
- Substance P/analogs & derivatives
- Substance P/pharmacology
- Tacrolimus/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Seybold
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, USA.
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