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da Cunha PHM, de Andrade DC. The deep and the deeper: Spinal cord and deep brain stimulation for neuropathic pain. Presse Med 2024; 53:104231. [PMID: 38636785 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2024.104231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain occurs in people experiencing lesion or disease affecting the somatosensorial system. It is present in 7 % of the general population and may not fully respond to first- and second-line treatments in up to 40 % of cases. Neuromodulation approaches are often proposed for those not tolerating or not responding to usual pharmacological management. These approaches can be delivered surgically (invasively) or non-invasively. Invasive neuromodulation techniques were the first to be employed in neuropathic pain. Among them is spinal cord stimulation (SCS), which consists of the implantation of epidural electrodes over the spinal cord. It is recommended in some guidelines for peripheral neuropathic pain. While recent studies have called into question its efficacy, others have provided promising data, driven by advances in techniques, battery capabilities, programming algorithms and software developments. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is another well-stablished neuromodulation therapy routinely used for movement disorders; however, its role in pain management remains limited to specific research centers. This is not only due to variable results in the literature contesting its efficacy, but also because several different brain targets have been explored in small trials, compromising comparisons between these studies. Structures such as the periaqueductal grey, posterior thalamus, anterior cingulate cortex, ventral striatum/anterior limb of the internal capsule and the insula are the main targets described to date in literature. SCS and DBS present diverse rationales for use, mechanistic backgrounds, and varying levels of support from experimental studies. The present review aims to present their methodological details, main mechanisms of action for analgesia and their place in the current body of evidence in the management of patients with neuropathic pain, as well their particularities, effectiveness, safety and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Ciampi de Andrade
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
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2
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Qin Y, Liu Q, Wang S, Wang Q, Du Y, Yao J, Chen Y, Yang Q, Wu Y, Liu S, Zhao M, Wei G, Yang L. Santacruzamate A Alleviates Pain and Pain-Related Adverse Emotions through the Inhibition of Microglial Activation in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1002-1012. [PMID: 38633586 PMCID: PMC11019733 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a complex disease. It seriously affects patients' quality of life and imposes a significant economic burden on society. Santacruzamate A (SCA) is a natural product isolated from marine cyanobacteria in Panama. In this study, we first demonstrated that SCA could alleviate chronic inflammatory pain, pain-related anxiety, and depression emotions induced by complete Freund's adjuvant in mice while inhibiting microglial activation in the anterior cingulate cortex. Moreover, SCA treatment attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response by downregulating interleukin 1β and 6 (IL-1β and IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in BV2 cells. Furthermore, we found that SCA could bind to soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) through molecular docking technology, and the thermal stability of sEH was enhanced after binding of SCA to the sEH protein. Meanwhile, we identified that SCA could reduce the sEH enzyme activity and inhibit sEH protein overexpression in the LPS stimulation model. The results indicated that SCA could alleviate the development of inflammation by inhibiting the enzyme activity and expression of sEH to further reduce chronic inflammatory pain. Our study suggested that SCA could be a potential drug for treating chronic inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qin
- Precision
Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- Precision
Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Saiying Wang
- Precision
Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Qinhui Wang
- Precision
Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Yaya Du
- Precision
Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Jingyue Yao
- Precision
Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Precision
Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Precision
Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Yumei Wu
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Air
Force Medical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Shuibing Liu
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Air
Force Medical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Minggao Zhao
- Precision
Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Gaofei Wei
- Institute
of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical
University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Le Yang
- Precision
Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710038, China
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Chen X, Gan Y, Au NPB, Ma CHE. Current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1345811. [PMID: 38660386 PMCID: PMC11039947 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1345811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is the most common off-target adverse effects caused by various chemotherapeutic agents, such as cisplatin, oxaliplatin, paclitaxel, vincristine and bortezomib. CIPN is characterized by a substantial loss of primary afferent sensory axonal fibers leading to sensory disturbances in patients. An estimated of 19-85% of patients developed CIPN during the course of chemotherapy. The lack of preventive measures and limited treatment options often require a dose reduction or even early termination of life-saving chemotherapy, impacting treatment efficacy and patient survival. In this Review, we summarized the current understanding on the pathogenesis of CIPN. One prominent change induced by chemotherapeutic agents involves the disruption of neuronal cytoskeletal architecture and axonal transport dynamics largely influenced by the interference of microtubule stability in peripheral neurons. Due to an ineffective blood-nerve barrier in our peripheral nervous system, exposure to some chemotherapeutic agents causes mitochondrial swelling in peripheral nerves, which lead to the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore and cytochrome c release resulting in degeneration of primary afferent sensory fibers. The exacerbated nociceptive signaling and pain transmission in CIPN patients is often linked the increased neuronal excitability largely due to the elevated expression of various ion channels in the dorsal root ganglion neurons. Another important contributing factor of CIPN is the neuroinflammation caused by an increased infiltration of immune cells and production of inflammatory cytokines. In the central nervous system, chemotherapeutic agents also induce neuronal hyperexcitability in the spinal dorsal horn and anterior cingulate cortex leading to the development of central sensitization that causes CIPN. Emerging evidence suggests that the change in the composition and diversity of gut microbiota (dysbiosis) could have direct impact on the development and progression of CIPN. Collectively, all these aspects contribute to the pathogenesis of CIPN. Recent advances in RNA-sequencing offer solid platform for in silico drug screening which enable the identification of novel therapeutic agents or repurpose existing drugs to alleviate CIPN, holding immense promises for enhancing the quality of life for cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy and improve their overall treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yumeng Gan
- Department of Neuroscience, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ngan Pan Bennett Au
- Department of Neuroscience, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
- Institute of Life Sciences and Healthcare, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Chi Him Eddie Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Han S, Wang J, Zhang W, Tian X. Chronic Pain-Related Cognitive Deficits: Preclinical Insights into Molecular, Cellular, and Circuit Mechanisms. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04073-z. [PMID: 38470516 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04073-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a common comorbidity of chronic pain, significantly disrupting patients' quality of life. Despite this comorbidity being clinically recognized, the underlying neuropathological mechanisms remain unclear. Recent preclinical studies have focused on the fundamental mechanisms underlying the coexistence of chronic pain and cognitive decline. Pain chronification is accompanied by structural and functional changes in the neural substrate of cognition. Based on the developments in electrophysiology and optogenetics/chemogenetics, we summarized the relevant neural circuits involved in pain-induced cognitive impairment, as well as changes in connectivity and function in brain regions. We then present the cellular and molecular alternations related to pain-induced cognitive impairment in preclinical studies, mainly including modifications in neuronal excitability and structure, synaptic plasticity, glial cells and cytokines, neurotransmitters and other neurochemicals, and the gut-brain axis. Finally, we also discussed the potential treatment strategies and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Xuebi Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Qiu XT, Guo C, Ma LT, Li XN, Zhang QY, Huang FS, Zhang MM, Bai Y, Liang GB, Li YQ. Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of the anterior cingulate cortex in neuropathic pain model rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1164426. [PMID: 37396788 PMCID: PMC10311218 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1164426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuropathic pain (NP) takes a heavy toll on individual life quality, yet gaps in its molecular characterization persist and effective therapy is lacking. This study aimed to provide comprehensive knowledge by combining transcriptomic and proteomic data of molecular correlates of NP in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a cortical hub responsible for affective pain processing. Methods The NP model was established by spared nerve injury (SNI) in Sprague-Dawley rats. RNA sequencing and proteomic data from the ACC tissue isolated from sham and SNI rats 2 weeks after surgery were integrated to compare their gene and protein expression profiles. Bioinformatic analyses were performed to figure out the functions and signaling pathways of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) enriched in. Results Transcriptomic analysis identified a total of 788 DEGs (with 49 genes upregulated) after SNI surgery, while proteomic analysis found 222 DEPs (with 89 proteins upregulated). While Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses of the DEGs suggested that most of the altered genes were involved in synaptic transmission and plasticity, bioinformatics analysis of the DEPs revealed novel critical pathways associated with autophagy, mitophagy, and peroxisome. Notably, we noticed functionally important NP-related changes in the protein that occurred in the absence of corresponding changes at the level of transcription. Venn diagram analysis of the transcriptomic and proteomic data identified 10 overlapping targets, among which only three genes (XK-related protein 4, NIPA-like domain-containing 3, and homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 3) showed concordance in the directions of change and strong correlations between mRNA and protein levels. Conclusion The present study identified novel pathways in the ACC in addition to confirming previously reported mechanisms for NP etiology, and provided novel mechanistic insights for future research on NP treatment. These findings also imply that mRNA profiling alone fails to provide a complete landscape of molecular pain in the ACC. Therefore, explorations of changes at the level of protein are necessary to understand NP processes that are not transcriptionally modulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Tong Qiu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Preclinical School of Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chen Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Li-Tian Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin-Ning Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi-Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Fen-Sheng Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ming-Ming Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Preclinical School of Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Guo-Biao Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yun-Qing Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Preclinical School of Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, China
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Pagano RL, Dale CS, Campos ACP, Hamani C. Translational aspects of deep brain stimulation for chronic pain. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 3:1084701. [PMID: 36713643 PMCID: PMC9874335 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.1084701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for the treatment of chronic pain was one of the first applications of this technique in functional neurosurgery. Established brain targets in the clinic include the periaqueductal (PAG)/periventricular gray matter (PVG) and sensory thalamic nuclei. More recently, the anterior cingulum (ACC) and the ventral striatum/anterior limb of the internal capsule (VS/ALIC) have been investigated for the treatment of emotional components of pain. In the clinic, most studies showed a response in 20%-70% of patients. In various applications of DBS, animal models either provided the rationale for the development of clinical trials or were utilized as a tool to study potential mechanisms of stimulation responses. Despite the complex nature of pain and the fact that animal models cannot reliably reflect the subjective nature of this condition, multiple preparations have emerged over the years. Overall, DBS was shown to produce an antinociceptive effect in rodents when delivered to targets known to induce analgesic effects in humans, suggesting a good predictive validity. Compared to the relatively high number of clinical trials in the field, however, the number of animal studies has been somewhat limited. Additional investigation using modern neuroscience techniques could unravel the mechanisms and neurocircuitry involved in the analgesic effects of DBS and help to optimize this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana L. Pagano
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila S. Dale
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation and Experimental Pain, Department of Anatomy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Clement Hamani
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada,Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada,Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Correspondence: Clement Hamani
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Shen Y, Wang J, Peng J, Wu X, Chen X, Liu J, Wei M, Zou D, Han Y, Wang A, Cheng O. Abnormal connectivity model of raphe nuclei with sensory-associated cortex in Parkinson's disease with chronic pain. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:3175-3185. [PMID: 35000015 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-05864-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE There are indicates that raphe nuclei may be involved in the occurrence of chronic pain in Parkinson's disease (PD). In the study, we investigated the functional connectivity pattern of raphe nuclei in Parkinson's disease with chronic pain (PDP) to uncover its possible pathophysiology. METHODS Fifteen PDP, who suffered from pain, lasted longer than 3 months, sixteen Parkinson's disease patients with no pain (nPDP) and eighteen matched normal health controls (NCs) were recruited. All subjects completed the King's Parkinson's Pain Scale (KPPS) besides Parkinson-related scale and demographics. We performed a seed-based resting-state analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore whole-brain functional connectivity of the raphe nuclei. Multiple regression model was used to explore the related factors of pain including disease duration, disease severity, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, age, sex, levodopa equivalent dose and the strength of network functional connectivity. RESULTS Compared with the nPDP, the PDP group showed stronger functional connectivity between raphe nuclei and pain-related brain regions, including parietal lobe, insular lobe, cingulum cortex and prefrontal cortex, and the functional connectivity values of those areas were significantly positively correlated with KPPS independent of the clinical variables. Compared with NCs, the combined PD groups showed decreased functional connectivity including prefrontal cortex and cingulum cortex. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal functional connectivity model of raphe nuclei may be partly involved in pathophysiological mechanism of pain in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalian Shen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, Yubei District People's Hospital, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Juan Peng
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaocui Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jinjin Liu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Min Wei
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Dezhi Zou
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Anran Wang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Oumei Cheng
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Optogenetic Stimulation of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex Modulates the Pain Processing in Neuropathic Pain: A Review. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 72:1-8. [PMID: 34505976 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01898-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is characterized by hypersensitivity, hyperalgesia, and allodynia, which is caused by damage to the somatosensory nervous system. It substantially impairs the quality of life. The management of neuropathic pain is challenging and should comprise alternative therapies. Researchers working on neural modulation methods in the field of optogenetics have recently referred to novel techniques that involve the activation or inhibition of signaling proteins by specific wavelengths of light. The use of optogenetics in neuropathic pain facilitates the investigation of pain pathways involved in chronic pain and has the potential for therapeutic use. Neuropathic pain is often accompanied by negative stimuli involving a broad network of brain regions. In particular, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a part of the limbic system that has highly interconnected structures involved in processing components of pain. The ACC is a key region for acute pain perception as well as the development of neuropathic pain, characterized by long-term potentiation induced in pain pathways. The exact mechanism for neuropathic pain in the ACC is unclear. Current evidence supports the potential of optogenetics methods to modulate the neuronal activity in the ACC for neuropathic pain. We anticipate the neuronal modulation in the ACC will be used widely to manage neuropathic pain.
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Involvement of Serotonergic System in Oxaliplatin-Induced Neuropathic Pain. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080970. [PMID: 34440174 PMCID: PMC8394518 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent widely used against colorectal and breast cancers; however, it can also induce peripheral neuropathy that can rapidly occur even after a single infusion in up to 80–90% of treated patients. Numerous efforts have been made to understand the underlying mechanism and find an effective therapeutic agent that could diminish pain without damaging its anti-tumor effect. However, its mechanism is not yet clearly understood. The serotonergic system, as part of the descending pain inhibitory system, has been reported to be involved in different types of pain. The malfunction of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) or its receptors has been associated with the development and maintenance of pain. However, its role in oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy has not been clearly elucidated. In this review, 16 in vivo studies focused on the role of the serotonergic system in oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain were analyzed. Five studies analyzed the involvement of 5-HT, while fourteen studies observed the role of its receptors in oxaliplatin-induced allodynia. The results show that 5-HT is not involved in the development of oxaliplatin-induced allodynia, but increasing the activity of the 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT3 receptors and decreasing the action of 5-HT2C and 5-HT6 receptors may help inhibit pain.
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Correia Rocha IR, Chacur M. Modulatory effects of photobiomodulation in the anterior cingulate cortex of diabetic rats. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:781-790. [PMID: 34053000 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) has a crucial contribution to higher order pain processing. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has being used as integrative medicine for pain treatment and for a variety of nervous system disorders. This study evaluated the effects of PBM in the ACC of diabetic rats. Type 1 diabetes was induced by a single dose of streptozotocin (85 mg/Kg). A total of ten sessions of PBM (pulsed gallium-arsenide laser, 904 nm, 9500 Hz, 6.23 J/cm2) was applied to the rat peripheral nervous system. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), mu-opioid receptor (MOR), glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1), and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65/67) protein level expression were analyzed in the ACC of diabetic rats treated with PBM. Our data revealed that PBM decreased 79.5% of GFAP protein levels in the ACC of STZ rats. Moreover, STZ + PBM rats had protein levels of MOR increased 14.7% in the ACC. Interestingly, STZ + PBM rats had a decrease in 70.7% of GluR1 protein level in the ACC. Additionally, PBM decreased 45.5% of GAD65/67 protein levels in the ACC of STZ rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Rafael Correia Rocha
- Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenue Lineu Prestes 2415, room 007, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Marucia Chacur
- Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenue Lineu Prestes 2415, room 007, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil.
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Electroacupuncture Attenuates CFA-Induced Inflammatory Pain by Regulating CaMKII. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8861994. [PMID: 33488694 PMCID: PMC7790579 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8861994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase that is ubiquitously distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Moreover, its phosphorylated protein (P-CaMKII) is involved in memory, mood, and pain regulation in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Electroacupuncture (EA) is a traditional Chinese therapeutic technique that can effectively treat chronic inflammatory pain. However, the CaMKII-GluA1 role in EA analgesia in the ACC remains unclear. This study investigated the role of P-CaMKII and P-GluA1 in a mouse model of inflammatory pain induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). There were increased P-CaMKII and P-GluA1 levels in the ACC. We found that intracerebroventricular injection of KN93, a CaMKII inhibitor, as well as EA stimulation, attenuated complete Freund's adjuvant-induced pain behavior. Further, EA increased pCaMKII-PICK1 complex (abbreviated as C-P complex) levels. Our findings demonstrate that EA inhibits inflammatory pain by inhibiting CaMKII-GluA1 phosphorylation. P-CaMKII is involved in EA analgesia as the pCaMKII-PICK1 complex.
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12
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Differential modulation of the anterior cingulate and insular cortices on anxiogenic-like responses induced by empathy for pain. Neuropharmacology 2020; 192:108413. [PMID: 33249119 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mice cohabiting with a conspecific in chronic pain display anxiogenesis in the elevated plus-maze (EPM). Given that the anterior cingulate (ACC) and insular (InC) cortices play a role in the modulation of anxiety, pain, and emotional contagion, we investigated (a) the FosB activation in both brain areas and (b) the effects of intra-ACC or -InC injection of cobalt chloride (CoCl2, a synaptic blocker), on the anxiety of mice cohabiting with a cagemate suffering pain. Twenty-one days after birth, male Swiss mice were housed in pairs for 14 days to establish familiarity. On the 14th day, mice were divided into two groups: cagemate sciatic nerve constriction (CNC; i.e., one animal of each pair was subjected to sciatic nerve constriction), and cagemate sham (CS; i.e., a similar procedure but without suffering nerve constriction). After that, both groups were housed again with the same pairs for the other 14 days. On the 28th day, mice had their brains removed for the immunoassays analyses (Exp. 1). For experiments 2 and 3, on the 23rd day, the cagemates received guide cannula implantation bilaterally in the ACC or InC and, on the 28th day, they received local injections of saline or CoCl2, and then were exposed to the EPM. Results showed that cohabitation with a conspecific with chronic pain decreases and increases neuronal activation (FosB) within the ACC and InC, respectively. Intra-ACC or InC injection of CoCl2 reversed the anxiogenic effect in those animals that cohabited with a conspecific in chronic pain. ACC and InC seem to modulate anxiety induced by emotional contagion in animals cohabitating with a conspecific suffering pain.
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13
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Wang L, Hou K, Wang H, Fu F, Yu L. Role of mu-opioid receptor in nociceptive modulation in anterior cingulate cortex of rats. Mol Pain 2020; 16:1744806920966144. [PMID: 33108956 PMCID: PMC7607811 DOI: 10.1177/1744806920966144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lots of studies have demonstrated that anterior cingulate cortex plays important roles in the pain perception and pain modulation. The present study explored the role of mu-opioid receptor in nociceptive modulation in anterior cingulate cortex of rats with neuropathic pain. Neuropathic pain model was set up by chronic constriction injury of the left sciatic nerve of rats. The hindpaw withdrawal latency to thermal and mechanical stimulation, by hot plate and Randall Selitto Test respectively, was used to evaluate the rat’s responses to noxious stimulation. Results showed that intra-anterior cingulate cortex injection of morphine could induce the antinociception dose-dependently. By intra-anterior cingulate cortex injection of opioid receptor antagonist, the morphine-induced antinociception could be attenuated by naloxone, as well as much significantly by the selective mu-opioid receptor antagonist β-funaltrexamine, indicating that mu-opioid receptor is involved in the morphine-induced antinociception in anterior cingulate cortex of rats with neuropathic pain. The morphine-induced antinociception was much more decreased in rats with neuropathic pain than that in normal rats, and there was a significant decrease in mu-opioid receptor messenger RNA levels in anterior cingulate cortex of rats with neuropathic pain, indicating that there may be a down-regulation in mu-opioid receptor expression in anterior cingulate cortex of rats with neuropathic pain. To further confirm the role of mu-opioid receptor in morphine-induced antinociception in anterior cingulate cortex, normal rats were received intra-anterior cingulate cortex administration of small interfering RNA targeting mu-opioid receptor and it was found that there was a down-regulation in mu-opioid receptor messenger RNA levels, as well as a down-regulation in mu-opioid receptor expression in anterior cingulate cortex tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Furthermore, the morphine-induced antinociceptive effect decreased significantly in rats with small interfering RNA targeting mu-opioid receptor, which indicated that knockdown mu-opioid receptor in anterior cingulate cortex could also attenuate morphine-induced antinociceptive effect. These results strongly suggest that mu-opioid receptor plays a significant role in nociceptive modulation in anterior cingulate cortex of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Kesai Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Fenghua Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Longchuan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, P.R. China.,Neurobiology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China
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14
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Elina KC, Moon HC, Islam J, Kim HK, Park YS. The Effect of Optogenetic Inhibition of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Neuropathic Pain Following Sciatic Nerve Injury. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 71:638-650. [PMID: 32808249 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01685-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cortical disinhibition is the underlying pathological alteration contributing to neuropathic pain associated with peripheral nerve injury. Nerve injury resulting in disinhibition of the anterior cingulate cortex has been reported. However, the effect of optogenetic inhibition of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) on the sensory component of nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain has not been well studied. To investigate the feasibility of optogenetic ACC modulation, we injected an optogenetic virus or a null virus into the ACC of a nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain model. The unilateral ACC was modulated, and the optogenetic effect was measured by mechanical and thermal sensitivity tests. The assessment was performed in "pre-light off," "stimulation-yellow light on," and "post-light off" states. Optogenetic inhibition of the ACC in injury models revealed improved mechanical and thermal latencies with profound pain-relieving effects against nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain. The sensory thalamic discharge in electrophysiological in vivo recordings was also altered during laser stimulation. This finding indicates that hyperactivity of the ACC in nerve injury increases output to the spinothalamic tract through direct or indirect pathways. The direct photoinhibition of ACC neurons could play a vital role in restoring equilibrium and provide novel insight into techniques that can assuage peripheral nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Elina
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hyeong Cheol Moon
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chungbuk National University Hospital, 776, 1 Sunhwanro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju-Si, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea
| | - Jaisan Islam
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hyong Kyu Kim
- Department of Medical and Microbiology, College of Medicine, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Young Seok Park
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chungbuk National University Hospital, 776, 1 Sunhwanro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju-Si, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea.
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15
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Hou KS, Wang LL, Wang HB, Fu FH, Yu LC. Role of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide in Nociceptive Modulationin Anterior Cingulate Cortex of Naïve Rats and Rats With Inflammatory Pain. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:928. [PMID: 32670060 PMCID: PMC7332858 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Sai Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Lin-Lin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Hong-Bo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Feng-Hua Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
- *Correspondence: Feng-Hua Fu, ; Long-Chuan Yu,
| | - Long-Chuan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
- Neurobiology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Feng-Hua Fu, ; Long-Chuan Yu,
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16
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Medeiros P, de Freitas RL, Boccella S, Iannotta M, Belardo C, Mazzitelli M, Romano R, De Gregorio D, Coimbra NC, Palazzo E, Maione S. Characterization of the sensory, affective, cognitive, biochemical, and neuronal alterations in a modified chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain in mice. J Neurosci Res 2019; 98:338-352. [PMID: 31396990 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve is a nerve injury-based model of neuropathic pain (NP). Comorbidities of NP such as depression, anxiety, and cognitive deficits are associated with a functional reorganization of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Here, we have employed an adapted model of CCI by placing one single loose ligature around the sciatic nerve in mice for investigating the alterations in sensory, motor, affective, and cognitive behavior and in electrophysiological and biochemical properties in the prelimbic division (PrL) of the mPFC. Our adapted model of CCI induced mechanical allodynia, motor, and cognitive impairments and anxiety- and depression-like behavior. In the PrL division of mPFC was observed an increase in GABA and a decrease in d-aspartate levels. Moreover an increase in the activity of neurons responding to mechanical stimulation with an excitation, mPFC (+), and a decrease in those responding with an inhibition, mPFC (-), was found. Altogether these findings demonstrate that a single ligature around the sciatic nerve was able to induce sensory, affective, cognitive, biochemical, and functional alterations already observed in other neuropathic pain models and it may be an appropriate and easily reproducible model for studying neuropathic pain mechanisms and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Medeiros
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.,Laboratory of Neurosciences of Pain & Emotions and Multi-User Centre of Neuroelectrophysiology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil.,Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, FMRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Renato Leonardo de Freitas
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.,Laboratory of Neurosciences of Pain & Emotions and Multi-User Centre of Neuroelectrophysiology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil.,Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, FMRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL), Alfenas (MG), Brazil
| | - Serena Boccella
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Iannotta
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Belardo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Mazzitelli
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Romano
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Danilo De Gregorio
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Norberto Cysne Coimbra
- Laboratory of Neurosciences of Pain & Emotions and Multi-User Centre of Neuroelectrophysiology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil.,Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, FMRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Enza Palazzo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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Huang S, Borgland SL, Zamponi GW. Dopaminergic modulation of pain signals in the medial prefrontal cortex: Challenges and perspectives. Neurosci Lett 2018; 702:71-76. [PMID: 30503912 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a massive socieoeconomic burden and is often refractory to treatment. To devise novel therapeutic interventions, it is important to understand in detail the processing of pain signals in the brain. Recent studies have revealed shared features between the brain's reward and pain systems. Dopamine (DA) is a key neuromodulator in the mesocorticolimbic system that has been implicated not only in motivated behaviours, reinforcement learning and reward processing, but also in the pain axis. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is an important region for mediating executive functions including attention, judgement, and learning. Studies have revealed that the mPFC undergoes plasticity during the development of chronic pain. The mPFC receives dopaminergic input from the ventral tegmental area (VTA), and stimulation of these inputs has been shown to modulate the plasticity of the mPFC and anxiety and aversive behaviour. Here, we review the role of the mPFC and its dopaminergic modulation in chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Stephanie L Borgland
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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18
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Lu JS, Song Q, Zhang MM, Zhuo M. No requirement of interlukine-1 for long-term potentiation in the anterior cingulate cortex of adult mice. Mol Pain 2018; 14:1744806918765799. [PMID: 29592781 PMCID: PMC5882040 DOI: 10.1177/1744806918765799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The enhanced expression of cytokines in the pathological states suggests that they have important roles in the initiation or maintenance of disease states. Findings: To determine the involvement of cytokines in chronic neuropathic pain, the expression of cytokines in the anterior cingulate cortex neurons in the ligation of the common peroneal nerve mice was investigated. We utilized a cytokine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay plate array to detect 23 cytokines in total eight mice including a female, and no significant differences were found in those cytokines between the common peroneal nerve model and sham surgery mice. Quantification of TNF-α at protein level revealed the unvaried expression in the anterior cingulate cortex in both neuropathic pain and visceral pain, but enhanced expression in the insular cortex in the visceral pain. Furthermore, we found that the IL-Ira, a kind of IL-1 receptor antagonist, had no effect on the theta burst stimulation-induced long-term potentiation in the anterior cingulate cortex. Conclusions Cytokines are not involved in chronic neuropathic pain induced by nerve injury in the anterior cingulate cortex. Our findings suggested that cytokines may not be a viable drug target to treat chronic neuropathic pain in the anterior cingulate cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Shan Lu
- 1 Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Song
- 1 Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming-Ming Zhang
- 2 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, 7938 University of Toronto , Toronto, Otario, Canada
| | - Min Zhuo
- 1 Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,3 Department of Anatomy, Histology, Embryology & K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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19
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Involvement of galanin and galanin receptor 2 in nociceptive modulation in anterior cingulate cortex of normal rats and rats with mononeuropathy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45930. [PMID: 28378856 PMCID: PMC5381108 DOI: 10.1038/srep45930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was performed to explore the role of galanin and galanin receptor 2 in nociceptive modulation in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of normal rats and rats with mononeuropathy. Intra-ACC injection of galanin induced significant increases in hindpaw withdrawal latencies (HWLs) to thermal and mechanical stimulations in both normal rats and rats with mononeuropathy, the increased HWLs were attenuated significantly by intra-ACC injection of galanin receptor 2 antagonist M871, indicating an involvement of galanin receptor 2 in nociceptive modulation in ACC. Interestingly, the galanin-induced HWL was significant higher in rats with mononeuropathy than that in normal rats tested by Randall Selitto test. Furthermore, both the galanin mRNA expression and galanin content increased significantly in ACC in rats with mononeuropathy than that in normal rats. Moreover, both the mRNA levels of galanin receptor 2 and the content of galanin receptor 2 in ACC increased significantly in rats with mononeuropathy than that in normal rats. These results found that galanin induced antinociception in ACC in both normal rats and rats with mononeuropathy. And there may be plastic changes in the expression of galanin and galanin receptor 2 in rats with mononeuropathy, as well as in the galanin-induced antinociception.
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20
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Zhang ML, Fu FH, Yu LC. Antinociception induced by galanin in anterior cingulate cortex in rats with acute inflammation. Neurosci Lett 2016; 638:156-161. [PMID: 27993710 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study was performed to explore the role of galanin in nociceptive modulation in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of rats with acute inflammation, and the changes in galanin and galanin receptor 2 (Gal R2) expressions in rats with acute inflammation. Intra-ACC injection of galanin induced antinociception in rats with acute inflammation, the antinociceptive effects induced by galanin were attenuated significantly by intra-ACC injection of the Gal R2 antagonist M871, indicating an involvement of Gal R2 in nociceptive modulation in ACC in rats with acute inflammation. Furthermore, we found that both the galanin mRNA expression and galanin content increased significantly in ACC in rats with acute inflammation than that in normal rats. Moreover, both the mRNA levels of Gal R2 and the content of Gal R2 in ACC increased significantly in rats with acute inflammation than that in normal rats. These results demonstrated that galanin induced antinociception in ACC in rats with acute inflammation. And there were changes in the expression of galanin and Gal R2 in rats with acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Lin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Feng-Hua Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China.
| | - Long-Chuan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China; Neurobiology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
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21
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Russo JF, Sheth SA. Deep brain stimulation of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain. Neurosurg Focus 2016; 38:E11. [PMID: 26030699 DOI: 10.3171/2015.3.focus1543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic neuropathic pain is estimated to affect 3%-4.5% of the worldwide population. It is associated with significant loss of productive time, withdrawal from the workforce, development of mood disorders such as depression and anxiety, and disruption of family and social life. Current medical therapeutics often fail to adequately treat chronic neuropathic pain. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting subcortical structures such as the periaqueductal gray, the ventral posterior lateral and medial thalamic nuclei, and the internal capsule has been investigated for the relief of refractory neuropathic pain over the past 3 decades. Recent work has identified the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) as a new potential neuromodulation target given its central role in cognitive and affective processing. In this review, the authors briefly discuss the history of DBS for chronic neuropathic pain in the United States and present evidence supporting dACC DBS for this indication. They review existent literature on dACC DBS and summarize important findings from imaging and neurophysiological studies supporting a central role for the dACC in the processing of chronic neuropathic pain. The available neurophysiological and empirical clinical evidence suggests that dACC DBS is a viable therapeutic option for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer F Russo
- 1Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and.,2Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Sameer A Sheth
- 2Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
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22
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Moriarty O, Gorman CL, McGowan F, Ford GK, Roche M, Thompson K, Dockery P, McGuire BE, Finn DP. Impaired recognition memory and cognitive flexibility in the rat L5-L6 spinal nerve ligation model of neuropathic pain. Scand J Pain 2016; 10:61-73. [PMID: 28361775 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjpain.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although neuropathic pain is known to negatively affect cognition, the neural mechanisms involved are poorly understood. Chronic pain is associated with changes in synaptic plasticity in the brain which may impact on cognitive functioning. The aim of this study was to model neuropathic pain in mid-aged rats using spinal nerve ligation (SNL). Following establishment of allodynia and hyperalgesia, behaviour was assessed in a battery of cognitive tests. Expression of the presynaptic protein, synaptophysin, and its colocalisation with the vesicular GABA and glutamate transporters (vGAT and vGLUT, respectively), was investigated in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus. METHODS Nine month old male Sprague Dawley rats underwent L5-L6 spinal nerve ligation or a sham procedure. Mechanical and cold allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were assessed using von Frey, acetone and Hargreaves tests, respectively. Cognition was assessed in the novel-object recognition, air-puff passive avoidance and Morris water maze behavioural tasks. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of synaptophysin in the mPFC and CA1 region of the hippocampus and double labelling of synaptophysin and the vesicular transporters vGAT and vGlut was used to investigate the distribution of synaptophysin on GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons. RESULTS SNL rats displayed impaired performance in the novel-object recognition task. Passive-avoidance responding, and spatial learning and memory in the Morris water maze, were unaffected by SNL surgery. However, in the water maze reversal task, pain-related impairments were evident during training and probe trials. SNL surgery was not associated with any differences in the expression of synaptophysin or its colocalisation with vGAT or vGLUT in the mPFC or the hippocampal CA1 region. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the SNL model of neuropathic pain is associated with deficits in recognition memory and cognitive flexibility, but these deficits are not associated with altered synaptophysin expression or distribution in the mPFC and CA1. IMPLICATIONS Cognitive complaints are common amongst chronic pain patients. Here we modelled cognitive impairment in a well-established animal model of neuropathic pain and investigated the neural mechanisms involved. A better understanding of this phenomenon is an important prerequisite for the development of improved treatment of patients affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orla Moriarty
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- NCBES Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Centre for Pain Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Claire L Gorman
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Fiona McGowan
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- NCBES Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Centre for Pain Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Gemma K Ford
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- NCBES Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Centre for Pain Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michelle Roche
- Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- NCBES Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Centre for Pain Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Kerry Thompson
- Anatomy, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Centre for Microscopy and Imaging, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Peter Dockery
- Anatomy, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- NCBES Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Centre for Microscopy and Imaging, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Brian E McGuire
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- NCBES Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Centre for Pain Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - David P Finn
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- NCBES Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Centre for Pain Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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23
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Liu SB, Zhang MM, Cheng LF, Shi J, Lu JS, Zhuo M. Long-term upregulation of cortical glutamatergic AMPA receptors in a mouse model of chronic visceral pain. Mol Brain 2015; 8:76. [PMID: 26585043 PMCID: PMC4653882 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-015-0169-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders and it causes long-lasting visceral pain and discomfort. AMPA receptor mediated long-term potentiation (LTP) has been shown to play a critical role in animal models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain. No report is available for central changes in the ACC of mice with chronic visceral pain. Results In this study, we used integrative methods to investigate potential central plastic changes in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of a visceral pain mouse model induced by intracolonic injection of zymosan. We found that visceral pain induced an increased expression of AMPA receptors (at the post synapses) in the ACC via an enhanced trafficking of the AMPA receptors to the membrane. Both GluA1 and GluA2/3 subunits were significantly increased. Supporting biochemical changes, excitatory synaptic transmission in the ACC were also significantly enhanced. Microinjection of AMPA receptor inhibitor IEM1460 into the ACC inhibited visceral and spontaneous pain behaviors. Furthermore, we found that the phosphorylation of GluA1 at the Ser845 site was increased, suggesting that GluA1 phosphorylation may contribute to AMPA receptor trafficking. Using genetically knockout mice lacking calcium-calmodulin stimulated adenylyl cyclase subtype 1 (AC1), we found that AMPA receptor phosphorylation and its membrane trafficking induced by zymosan injection were completely blocked. Conclusions Our results provide direct evidence for cortical AMPA receptors to contribute to zymosan-induced visceral and spontaneous pain and inhibition of AC1 activity may help to reduce chronic visceral pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui-Bing Liu
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xian, Shaanxi, 710049, China. .,Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy of School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, Shaanxi, 710032, China. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Ming-Ming Zhang
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xian, Shaanxi, 710049, China. .,Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy of School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, Shaanxi, 710032, China. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Lin-Feng Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Jiao Shi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Jing-Shan Lu
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xian, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
| | - Min Zhuo
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xian, Shaanxi, 710049, China. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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24
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Ghosh S, Kinsey SG, Liu QS, Hruba L, McMahon LR, Grim TW, Merritt CR, Wise LE, Abdullah RA, Selley DE, Sim-Selley LJ, Cravatt BF, Lichtman AH. Full Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Inhibition Combined with Partial Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibition: Augmented and Sustained Antinociceptive Effects with Reduced Cannabimimetic Side Effects in Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 354:111-20. [PMID: 25998048 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.222851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) or monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), the primary hydrolytic enzymes for the respective endocannabinoids N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) and 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG), produces antinociception but with minimal cannabimimetic side effects. Although selective inhibitors of either enzyme often show partial efficacy in various nociceptive models, their combined blockade elicits augmented antinociceptive effects, but side effects emerge. Moreover, complete and prolonged MAGL blockade leads to cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) receptor functional tolerance, which represents another challenge in this potential therapeutic strategy. Therefore, the present study tested whether full FAAH inhibition combined with partial MAGL inhibition would produce sustained antinociceptive effects with minimal cannabimimetic side effects. Accordingly, we tested a high dose of the FAAH inhibitor PF-3845 (N-3-pyridinyl-4-[[3-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenyl]methyl]-1-piperidinecarboxamide; 10 mg/kg) given in combination with a low dose of the MAGL inhibitor JZL184 [4-nitrophenyl 4-(dibenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl(hydroxy)methyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate] (4 mg/kg) in mouse models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. This combination of inhibitors elicited profound increases in brain AEA levels (>10-fold) but only 2- to 3-fold increases in brain 2-AG levels. This combination produced significantly greater antinociceptive effects than single enzyme inhibition and did not elicit common cannabimimetic effects (e.g., catalepsy, hypomotility, hypothermia, and substitution for Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol in the drug-discrimination assay), although these side effects emerged with high-dose JZL184 (i.e., 100 mg/kg). Finally, repeated administration of this combination did not lead to tolerance to its antiallodynic actions in the carrageenan assay or CB1 receptor functional tolerance. Thus, full FAAH inhibition combined with partial MAGL inhibition reduces neuropathic and inflammatory pain states with minimal cannabimimetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (S.G., T.W.G., C.R.M., L.E.W., R.A.A., D.E.S., L.J.S.-S., A.H.L.); Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (S.G.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.L.); Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (L.H., L.R.M.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (B.F.C.)
| | - Steven G Kinsey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (S.G., T.W.G., C.R.M., L.E.W., R.A.A., D.E.S., L.J.S.-S., A.H.L.); Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (S.G.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.L.); Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (L.H., L.R.M.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (B.F.C.)
| | - Qing-Song Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (S.G., T.W.G., C.R.M., L.E.W., R.A.A., D.E.S., L.J.S.-S., A.H.L.); Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (S.G.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.L.); Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (L.H., L.R.M.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (B.F.C.)
| | - Lenka Hruba
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (S.G., T.W.G., C.R.M., L.E.W., R.A.A., D.E.S., L.J.S.-S., A.H.L.); Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (S.G.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.L.); Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (L.H., L.R.M.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (B.F.C.)
| | - Lance R McMahon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (S.G., T.W.G., C.R.M., L.E.W., R.A.A., D.E.S., L.J.S.-S., A.H.L.); Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (S.G.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.L.); Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (L.H., L.R.M.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (B.F.C.)
| | - Travis W Grim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (S.G., T.W.G., C.R.M., L.E.W., R.A.A., D.E.S., L.J.S.-S., A.H.L.); Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (S.G.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.L.); Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (L.H., L.R.M.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (B.F.C.)
| | - Christina R Merritt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (S.G., T.W.G., C.R.M., L.E.W., R.A.A., D.E.S., L.J.S.-S., A.H.L.); Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (S.G.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.L.); Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (L.H., L.R.M.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (B.F.C.)
| | - Laura E Wise
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (S.G., T.W.G., C.R.M., L.E.W., R.A.A., D.E.S., L.J.S.-S., A.H.L.); Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (S.G.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.L.); Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (L.H., L.R.M.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (B.F.C.)
| | - Rehab A Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (S.G., T.W.G., C.R.M., L.E.W., R.A.A., D.E.S., L.J.S.-S., A.H.L.); Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (S.G.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.L.); Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (L.H., L.R.M.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (B.F.C.)
| | - Dana E Selley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (S.G., T.W.G., C.R.M., L.E.W., R.A.A., D.E.S., L.J.S.-S., A.H.L.); Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (S.G.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.L.); Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (L.H., L.R.M.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (B.F.C.)
| | - Laura J Sim-Selley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (S.G., T.W.G., C.R.M., L.E.W., R.A.A., D.E.S., L.J.S.-S., A.H.L.); Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (S.G.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.L.); Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (L.H., L.R.M.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (B.F.C.)
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (S.G., T.W.G., C.R.M., L.E.W., R.A.A., D.E.S., L.J.S.-S., A.H.L.); Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (S.G.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.L.); Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (L.H., L.R.M.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (B.F.C.)
| | - Aron H Lichtman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia (S.G., T.W.G., C.R.M., L.E.W., R.A.A., D.E.S., L.J.S.-S., A.H.L.); Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (S.G.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.L.); Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (L.H., L.R.M.); and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California (B.F.C.)
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25
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Gu L, Uhelski ML, Anand S, Romero-Ortega M, Kim YT, Fuchs PN, Mohanty SK. Pain inhibition by optogenetic activation of specific anterior cingulate cortical neurons. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117746. [PMID: 25714399 PMCID: PMC4340873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cumulative evidence from both humans and animals suggests that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is important for pain-related perception, and thus a likely target for pain relief therapy. However, use of existing electrode based ACC stimulation has not significantly reduced pain, at least in part due to the lack of specificity and likely co-activation of both excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Herein, we report a dramatic reduction of pain behavior in transgenic mice by optogenetic stimulation of the inhibitory neural circuitry of the ACC expressing channelrhodopsin-2. Electrophysiological measurements confirmed that stimulation of ACC inhibitory neurons is associated with decreased neural activity in the ACC. Further, a distinct optogenetic stimulation intensity and frequency-dependent inhibition of spiking activity in the ACC was observed. Moreover, we confirmed specific electrophysiological responses from different neuronal units in the thalamus, in response to particular types of painful stimuli (i,e., formalin injection, pinch), which we found to be modulated by optogenetic control of the ACC inhibitory neurons. These results underscore the inhibition of the ACC as a clinical alternative in inhibiting chronic pain, and leads to a better understanding of the pain processing circuitry of the cingulate cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Gu
- Biophysics and Physiology Group, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX-76019, United States of America
| | - Megan L. Uhelski
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX-76019, United States of America
| | - Sanjay Anand
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX-76019, United States of America
| | - Mario Romero-Ortega
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX-76019, United States of America
| | - Young-tae Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX-76019, United States of America
| | - Perry N. Fuchs
- Departments of Psychology and Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX-76019, United States of America
| | - Samarendra K. Mohanty
- Biophysics and Physiology Group, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX-76019, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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26
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Ding X, Cai J, Li S, Liu XD, Wan Y, Xing GG. BDNF contributes to the development of neuropathic pain by induction of spinal long-term potentiation via SHP2 associated GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors activation in rats with spinal nerve ligation. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 73:428-51. [PMID: 25447233 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenic mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain still remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated whether spinal BDNF contributes to dorsal horn LTP induction and neuropathic pain development by activation of GluN2B-NMDA receptors via Src homology-2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP2) phosphorylation in rats following spinal nerve ligation (SNL). We first demonstrated that spinal BDNF participates in the development of long-lasting hyperexcitability of dorsal horn WDR neurons (i.e. central sensitization) as well as pain allodynia in both intact and SNL rats. Second, we revealed that BDNF induces spinal LTP at C-fiber synapses via functional up-regulation of GluN2B-NMDA receptors in the spinal dorsal horn, and this BDNF-mediated LTP-like state is responsible for the occlusion of spinal LTP elicited by subsequent high-frequency electrical stimulation (HFS) of the sciatic nerve in SNL rats. Finally, we validated that BDNF-evoked SHP2 phosphorylation is required for subsequent GluN2B-NMDA receptors up-regulation and spinal LTP induction, and also for pain allodynia development. Blockade of SHP2 phosphorylation in the spinal dorsal horn using a potent SHP2 protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor NSC-87877, or knockdown of spinal SHP2 by intrathecal delivery of SHP2 siRNA, not only prevents BDNF-mediated GluN2B-NMDA receptors activation as well as spinal LTP induction and pain allodynia elicitation in intact rats, but also reduces the SNL-evoked GluN2B-NMDA receptors up-regulation and spinal LTP occlusion, and ultimately alleviates pain allodynia in neuropathic rats. Taken together, these results suggest that the BDNF/SHP2/GluN2B-NMDA signaling cascade plays a vital role in the development of central sensitization and neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ding
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China; Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China.
| | - Jie Cai
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China; Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China.
| | - Song Li
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China; Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China.
| | - Xiao-Dan Liu
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China; Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China.
| | - You Wan
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China; Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China.
| | - Guo-Gang Xing
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China; Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China; Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Beijing 100191, P.R. China.
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27
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Up-regulation of PKMζ expression in the anterior cingulate cortex following experimental tooth movement in rats. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:749-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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28
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Liu MG, Zhuo M. No requirement of TRPV1 in long-term potentiation or long-term depression in the anterior cingulate cortex. Mol Brain 2014; 7:27. [PMID: 24708859 PMCID: PMC4234987 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6606-7-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One major interest in the study of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) in sensory system is that it may serve as a drug target for treating chronic pain. While the roles of TRPV1 in peripheral nociception and sensitization have been well documented, less is known about its contribution to pain-related cortical plasticity. Here, we used 64 multi-electrode array recording to examine the potential role of TRPV1 in two major forms of synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). We found that pharmacological blockade of TRPV1 with either [(E)-3-(4-t-Butylphenyl)-N-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)acrylamide] (AMG9810, 10 μM) or N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-4-chlorocinnamide (SB366791, 20 μM) failed to affect LTP induced by strong theta burst stimulation in the ACC of adult mice. Similarly, neither AMG9810 nor SB366791 blocked the cingulate LTD induced by low-frequency stimulation. Analysis of the results from different layers of the ACC obtained the same conclusions. Spatial distribution of LTP or LTD-showing channels among the ACC network was also unaltered by the TRPV1 antagonists. Since cortical LTP and LTD in the ACC play critical roles in chronic pain triggered by inflammation or nerve injury, our findings suggest that TRPV1 may not be a viable target for treating chronic pain, especially at the cortical level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min Zhuo
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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29
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Li W, Wang P, Li H. Upregulation of glutamatergic transmission in anterior cingulate cortex in the diabetic rats with neuropathic pain. Neurosci Lett 2014; 568:29-34. [PMID: 24686190 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathic pain is a common complication in the diabetic patients, and the underlying central mechanism remains unclear. Forebrain anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is critically involved in the supraspinal perception of physical and affective components of noxious stimulus and pain modulation. Excitatory glutamatergic transmission in the ACC extensively contributed to the maintenance of negative affective component of chronic pain. The present study examined the adaptation of glutamatergic transmission in the ACC in rats with diabetic neuropathic pain. Injection with streptozotocin (STZ) induced hyperglycemia, thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia in the rats. In these rats, significant enhanced basal glutamatergic transmission was observed in the ACC neurons. The increased presynaptic glutamate release and enhanced conductance of postsynaptic glutamate receptors were also observed in the ACC neurons of these modeled rats. Increased phosphorylation of PKMζ, but not the expression of total PKMζ, was also observed in the ACC. Microinjection of PKMζ inhibitor ZIP into ACC attenuated the upregulation of glutamate transmission and painful behaviors in STZ-injected rats. These results revealed a substantial central sensitization in the ACC neurons in the rodents with diabetic neuropathic pain, which may partially underlie the negative affective components of patients with diabetic neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifang Li
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
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30
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Kang SJ, Liu MG, Shi TY, Zhao MG, Kaang BK, Zhuo M. N-type voltage gated calcium channels mediate excitatory synaptic transmission in the anterior cingulate cortex of adult mice. Mol Pain 2013; 9:58. [PMID: 24228737 PMCID: PMC3842823 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-9-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage gated calcium channels (VGCCs) are well known for its importance in synaptic transmission in the peripheral and central nervous system. However, the role of different VGCCs in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has not been studied. Here, we use a multi-electrode array recording system (MED64) to study the contribution of different types of calcium channels in glutamatergic excitatory synaptic transmission in the ACC. We found that only the N-type calcium channel blocker ω-conotoxin-GVIA (ω-Ctx-GVIA) produced a great inhibition of basal synaptic transmission, especially in the superficial layer. Other calcium channel blockers that act on L-, P/Q-, R-, and T-type had no effect. We also tested the effects of several neuromodulators with or without ω-Ctx-GVIA. We found that N-type VGCC contributed partially to (1S,3R)-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid- and (R)-Baclofen-induced synaptic inhibition. By contrast, the inhibitory effects of 2-Chloroadenosine and carbamoylcholine chloride did not differ with or without ω-Ctx-GVIA, indicating that they may act through other mechanisms. Our results provide strong evidence that N-type VGCCs mediate fast synaptic transmission in the ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Min Zhuo
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-746, South Korea.
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31
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Plasticity of metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent long-term depression in the anterior cingulate cortex after amputation. J Neurosci 2012; 32:11318-29. [PMID: 22895715 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0146-12.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term depression (LTD) is a key form of synaptic plasticity important in learning and information storage in the brain. It has been studied in various cortical regions, including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). ACC is a crucial cortical region involved in such emotion-related physiological and pathological conditions as fear memory and chronic pain. In the present study, we used a multielectrode array system to map cingulate LTD in a spatiotemporal manner within the ACC. We found that low-frequency stimulation (1 Hz, 15 min) applied onto deep layer V induced LTD in layers II/III and layers V/VI. Cingulate LTD requires activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), while L-type voltage-gated calcium channels and NMDA receptors also contribute to its induction. Peripheral amputation of the distal tail impaired ACC LTD, an effect that persisted for at least 2 weeks. The loss of LTD was rescued by priming ACC slices with activation of mGluR1 receptors by coapplying (RS)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine and MPEP, a form of metaplasticity that involved the activation of protein kinase C. Our results provide in vitro evidence of the spatiotemporal properties of ACC LTD in adult mice. We demonstrate that tail amputation causes LTD impairment within the ACC circuit and that this can be rescued by activation of mGluR1.
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Wang H, Morishita Y, Miura D, Naranjo JR, Kida S, Zhuo M. Roles of CREB in the regulation of FMRP by group I metabotropic glutamate receptors in cingulate cortex. Mol Brain 2012; 5:27. [PMID: 22867433 PMCID: PMC3478997 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6606-5-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fragile X syndrome is caused by lack of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) due to silencing of the FMR1 gene. The metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in the central nervous system contribute to higher brain functions including learning/memory, mental disorders and persistent pain. The transcription factor cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) is involved in important neuronal functions, such as synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival. Our recent study has shown that stimulation of Group I mGluRs upregulated FMRP and activated CREB in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a key region for brain cognitive and executive functions, suggesting that activation of Group I mGluRs may upregulate FMRP through CREB signaling pathway. Results In this study, we demonstrate that CREB contributes to the regulation of FMRP by Group I mGluRs. In ACC neurons of adult mice overexpressing dominant active CREB mutant, the upregulation of FMRP by stimulating Group I mGluR is enhanced compared to wild-type mice. However, the regulation of FMRP by Group I mGluRs is not altered by overexpression of Ca2+-insensitive mutant form of downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator (DREAM), a transcriptional repressor involved in synaptic transmission and plasticity. Conclusion Our study has provided further evidence for CREB involvement in regulation of FMRP by Group I mGluRs in ACC neurons, and may help to elucidate the pathogenesis of fragile X syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansen Wang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
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Chiou CS, Huang CC, Liang YC, Tsai YC, Hsu KS. Impairment of long-term depression in the anterior cingulate cortex of mice with bone cancer pain. Pain 2012; 153:2097-2108. [PMID: 22854425 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2012.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been shown to play an important role in pain-related perception and chronic pain. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved. To address this issue, we analyzed excitatory synaptic transmission and long-term synaptic plasticity in layer II/III pyramidal neurons within the rostral ACC (rACC) from mice with bone cancer pain induced by intra-tibia implantation of osteolytic fibrosarcoma cells. Ex vivo whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from rACC neurons showed no significant alterations in presynaptic glutamate release probability and postsynaptic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor-mediated synaptic responses in mice with bone cancer pain. However, mechanical allodynia occurred in conjunction with decreased N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)/AMPA ratio of synaptic currents elicited in bilateral rACC neurons. In addition, the induction of NMDA receptor-dependent long-term depression (LTD) at rACC synapses was impaired in rACC neurons of tumor-bearing mice. Western blot analysis revealed a significant decrease in the levels of NR1, NR2A, and NR2B subunits of NMDA receptors in the rACC under bone cancer pain condition. No significant changes in overall mRNA levels for any of the NMDA receptor subunits or calpain activity were observed in the rACC of tumor-bearing mice. These results indicate that tumor-induced injury or remodeling of primary afferent sensory nerve fibers that innervate the tumor-bearing bone may cause a persistent decrease in NMDA receptor expression in rACC neurons, resulting in a loss of LTD induction, thereby leading to long-term alterations of rACC activity and creating exaggerated pain behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiuan-Shiou Chiou
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan Department of Anesthesiology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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Li XY, Chen T, Descalzi G, Koga K, Qiu S, Zhuo M. Characterization of neuronal intrinsic properties and synaptic transmission in layer I of anterior cingulate cortex from adult mice. Mol Pain 2012; 8:53. [PMID: 22818293 PMCID: PMC3495677 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-8-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurons in neocortex layer I (LI) provide inhibition to the cortical networks. Despite increasing use of mice for the study of brain functions, few studies were reported about mouse LI neurons. In the present study, we characterized intrinsic properties of LI neurons of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a key cortical area for sensory and cognitive functions, by using whole-cell patch clamp recording approach. Seventy one neurons in LI and 12 pyramidal neurons in LII/III were recorded. Although all of the LI neurons expressed continuous adapting firing characteristics, the unsupervised clustering results revealed five groups in the ACC, including: Spontaneous firing neurons; Delay-sAHP neurons, Delay-fAHP neurons, and two groups of neurons with ADP, named ADP1 and ADP2, respectively. Using pharmacological approaches, we found that LI neurons received both excitatory (mediated by AMPA, kainate and NMDA receptors), and inhibitory inputs (which were mediated by GABAA receptors). Our studies provide the first report characterizing the electrophysiological properties of neurons in LI of the ACC from adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yao Li
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
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Li SG, Wang JY, Luo F. Adult-age inflammatory pain experience enhances long-term pain vigilance in rats. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36767. [PMID: 22574223 PMCID: PMC3344941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous animal studies have illustrated a modulatory effect of neonatal pain experience on subsequent pain-related behaviors. However, the relationship between chronic pain status in adulthood and future pain perception remains unclear. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In the current study, we investigated the effects of inflammatory pain experience on subsequent formalin-evoked pain behaviors and fear conditioning induced by noxious stimulation in adult rats. Our results demonstrated an increase of the second but not the first phase of formalin-induced pain behaviors in animals with a history of inflammatory pain that have recovered. Similarly, rats with persistent pain experience displayed facilitated acquisition and prolonged retention of pain-related conditioning. These effects of prior pain experience on subsequent behavior were prevented by repeated morphine administration at an early stage of inflammatory pain. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that chronic pain diseases, if not properly and promptly treated, may have a long-lasting impact on processing and perception of environmental threats. This may increase the susceptibility of patients to subsequent pain-related disorders, even when chronic pain develops in adulthood. These data highlight the importance of treatment of chronic pain at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Guang Li
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Cui GB, An JZ, Zhang N, Zhao MG, Liu SB, Yi J. Elevated interleukin-8 enhances prefrontal synaptic transmission in mice with persistent inflammatory pain. Mol Pain 2012; 8:11. [PMID: 22325008 PMCID: PMC3307473 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-8-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is known for its roles in inflammation and plays critical roles in the development of pain. Its expression increases in the brain after peripheral inflammation. Prefrontal cortex, including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), is a forebrain structure known for its roles in pain transmission and modulation. Painful stimuli potentiate the prefrontal synaptic transmission, however, little is known about the expression of IL-8 and its role in the enhanced ACC synaptic transmission in animals with persistent inflammatory pain. FINDINGS In the present study, we examined IL-8 expression in the ACC, somatosensory cortex (SSC), and the dorsal horn of lumbar spinal cord following hind-paw administration of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in mice and its effects on the ACC synaptic transmission. Quantification of IL-8 at protein level (by ELISA) revealed enhanced expression in the ACC and spinal cord during the chronic phases of CFA-induced peripheral inflammation. In vitro whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed that IL-8 significantly enhanced synaptic transmission through increased probability of neurotransmitter release in the ACC slice. ACC local infusion of repertaxin, a non-competitive allosteric blocker of IL-8 receptors, notably prolonged the paw withdrawal latency to thermal radian heat stimuli bilaterally in mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that up-regulation of IL-8 in the ACC partly attributable to the enhanced prefrontal synaptic transmission in the mice with persistent inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-bin Cui
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Xi’an 710032, China
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Yalcin I, Bohren Y, Waltisperger E, Sage-Ciocca D, Yin JC, Freund-Mercier MJ, Barrot M. A time-dependent history of mood disorders in a murine model of neuropathic pain. Biol Psychiatry 2011; 70:946-53. [PMID: 21890110 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain is clinically associated with the development of affective disorders. However, studies in animal models of neuropathic pain are contradictory and the relationship with mood disorders remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to characterize the affective consequences of neuropathic pain over time and to study potential underlying mechanisms. METHODS Neuropathic pain was induced by inserting a polyethylene cuff around the main branch of the right sciatic nerve in C57BL/6J mice. Anxiety- and depression-related behaviors were assessed over 2 months, using a battery of tests, such as elevated plus maze, marble burying, novelty suppressed feeding, splash test, and forced swimming test. Plasma corticosterone levels were assessed by radioimmunoassay. We also investigated changes in cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element (CRE) activity using CRE-LacZ transgenic mice. RESULTS Mice developed anxiety-related behavior 4 weeks after induction of the neuropathy, and depression-related behaviors were observed after 6 to 8 weeks. Control and neuropathic mice did not differ for basal or stress-induced levels of corticosterone or for hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis negative feedback. After 8 weeks, the CRE-mediated activity decreased in the outer granule layer of dentate gyrus of neuropathic mice but not in the amygdala or in the anterior cingulate cortex. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that the affective consequences of neuropathic pain evolve over time, independently from the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which remains unaffected. CRE-mediated transcription within a limbic structure was altered at later time points of the neuropathy. These experiments provide a preclinical model to study time-dependent development of mood disorders and the underlying mechanism in a neuropathic pain context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipek Yalcin
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France
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Bi Y, Chen H, Su J, Cao X, Bian X, Wang K. Visceral hyperalgesia induced by forebrain-specific suppression of native Kv7/KCNQ/M-current in mice. Mol Pain 2011; 7:84. [PMID: 22029713 PMCID: PMC3214183 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-7-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunction of brain-gut interaction is thought to underlie visceral hypersensitivity which causes unexplained abdominal pain syndromes. However, the mechanism by which alteration of brain function in the brain-gut axis influences the perception of visceral pain remains largely elusive. In this study we investigated whether altered brain activity can generate visceral hyperalgesia. RESULTS Using a forebrain specific αCaMKII promoter, we established a line of transgenic (Tg) mice expressing a dominant-negative pore mutant of the Kv7.2/KCNQ2 channel which suppresses native KCNQ/M-current and enhances forebrain neuronal excitability. Brain slice recording of hippocampal pyramidal neurons from these Tg mice confirmed the presence of hyperexcitable properties with increased firing. Behavioral evaluation of Tg mice exhibited increased sensitivity to visceral pain induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of either acetic acid or magnesium sulfate, and intracolon capsaicin stimulation, but not cutaneous sensation for thermal or inflammatory pain. Immunohistological staining showed increased c-Fos expression in the somatosensory SII cortex and insular cortex of Tg mice that were injected intraperitoneally with acetic acid. To mimic the effect of cortical hyperexcitability on visceral hyperalgesia, we injected KCNQ/M channel blocker XE991 into the lateral ventricle of wild type (WT) mice. Intracerebroventricular injection of XE991 resulted in increased writhes of WT mice induced by acetic acid, and this effect was reversed by co-injection of the channel opener retigabine. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence that forebrain hyperexcitability confers visceral hyperalgesia, and suppression of central hyperexcitability by activation of KCNQ/M-channel function may provide a therapeutic potential for treatment of abdominal pain syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeping Bi
- Department of Neurobiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Quintero GC, Herrera J, Bethancourt J. Cortical NR2B NMDA subunit antagonism reduces inflammatory pain in male and female rats. J Pain Res 2011; 4:301-8. [PMID: 22003303 PMCID: PMC3191929 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s24703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have shown that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors play a critical role in pain processing at different levels of the central nervous system. Methods In this study, we used adult Wistar rats to examine gender differences in the effects of NR2B NMDA antagonism at the level of the anterior cingulate cortex in phasic pain, and in the first and second phases of a formalin test. Rats underwent stereotactic surgery for cannula implantation in the anterior cingulate cortex. After recovery, paw withdrawal latency to a noxious thermal stimulus was assessed. Rats were also subjected to a formalin pain test whereby 60 μL of 5% formalin was injected into the right hind paw. Results Female and male rats that received Ro 25-6981, an NR2B antagonist, before formalin injection showed significantly reduced pain responses to the formalin test compared with saline-injected control rats (P < 0.05). No gender differences in phasic pain responses were found in rats treated with Ro 25-6981. Conclusion These results suggest that cortical antagonism of the NR2B subunit reduces inflammatory pain levels in both genders of rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel C Quintero
- Institute of Scientific Research and High Technology Services (INDICASAT-AIP), Center for Neurosciences, Panama
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Zhang Y, Wang N, Wang JY, Chang JY, Woodward DJ, Luo F. Ensemble encoding of nociceptive stimulus intensity in the rat medial and lateral pain systems. Mol Pain 2011; 7:64. [PMID: 21864358 PMCID: PMC3179932 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-7-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to encode noxious stimulus intensity is essential for the neural processing of pain perception. It is well accepted that the intensity information is transmitted within both sensory and affective pathways. However, it remains unclear what the encoding patterns are in the thalamocortical brain regions, and whether the dual pain systems share similar responsibility in intensity coding. RESULTS Multichannel single-unit recordings were used to investigate the activity of individual neurons and neuronal ensembles in the rat brain following the application of noxious laser stimuli of increasing intensity to the hindpaw. Four brain regions were monitored, including two within the lateral sensory pain pathway, namely, the ventral posterior lateral thalamic nuclei and the primary somatosensory cortex, and two in the medial pathway, namely, the medial dorsal thalamic nuclei and the anterior cingulate cortex. Neuron number, firing rate, and ensemble spike count codings were examined in this study. Our results showed that the noxious laser stimulation evoked double-peak responses in all recorded brain regions. Significant correlations were found between the laser intensity and the number of responsive neurons, the firing rates, as well as the mass spike counts (MSCs). MSC coding was generally more efficient than the other two methods. Moreover, the coding capacities of neurons in the two pathways were comparable. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the collective contribution of medial and lateral pathway neurons to the noxious intensity coding. Additionally, we provide evidence that ensemble spike count may be the most reliable method for coding pain intensity in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Kim SS, Descalzi G, Zhuo M. Investigation of molecular mechanism of chronic pain in the anterior cingulate cortex using genetically engineered mice. Curr Genomics 2011; 11:70-6. [PMID: 20808527 PMCID: PMC2851120 DOI: 10.2174/138920210790217990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2009] [Revised: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances into the understanding of molecular mechanism of chronic pain have been largely developed through the use of genetic manipulations. This is in part due to the scarcity of selective pharmacological tools, which can be readily solved by creating knockout or transgenic mice. By identifying new genes that are of import, our efforts can then be aimed at studying relevant signaling pathways, and combination of pharmacological manipulations with genetic models can be used to further examine the specific mechanisms involved in chronic pain. In this review, we will examine the genetic models that are currently in use to study chronic pain in the anterior cingulate cortex: knockout mice; transgenic mice; and the strength of combining pharmacology with these genetic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan S Kim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Centre for the Study of Pain, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Bie B, Brown DL, Naguib M. Synaptic plasticity and pain aversion. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 667:26-31. [PMID: 21699892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Negative affective emotions are defined as the conceptual feature of pain. A number of clinical and animal studies have indicated that the limbic system including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and amygdala plays a critical role in the processing of affective components of pain. Glutamatergic transmission plays an important role in the processing of affective aspects of pain. Long-term changes on glutamatergic synapses contribute to the expression of aversion behavior induced by pain. In this article, the neurocircuits involved in the processing of affective aspects of pain, the glutamatergic synaptic plasticity in these brain regions, and the epigenetic mechanisms underlying pain-related synaptic plasticity will be reviewed and discussed. New discoveries regarding the interaction between the synaptic plasticity and affective components of pain may advance our understanding on the pain mechanism, and lead to new strategies for pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihua Bie
- Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
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Bie B, Brown DL, Naguib M. Increased synaptic GluR1 subunits in the anterior cingulate cortex of rats with peripheral inflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 653:26-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Okun A, DeFelice M, Eyde N, Ren J, Mercado R, King T, Porreca F. Transient inflammation-induced ongoing pain is driven by TRPV1 sensitive afferents. Mol Pain 2011; 7:7. [PMID: 21241462 PMCID: PMC3031241 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-7-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuropathic pain is a chronic disease resulting from dysfunction within the "pain matrix". The basolateral amygdala (BLA) can modulate cortical functions and interactions between this structure and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are important for integrating emotionally salient information. In this study, we have investigated the involvement of the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) and the catabolic enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in the morphofunctional changes occurring in the pre-limbic/infra-limbic (PL/IL) cortex in neuropathic rats. Results The effect of N-arachidonoyl-serotonin (AA-5-HT), a hybrid FAAH inhibitor and TPRV1 channel antagonist, was tested on nociceptive behaviour associated with neuropathic pain as well as on some phenotypic changes occurring on PL/IL cortex pyramidal neurons. Those neurons were identified as belonging to the BLA-mPFC pathway by electrical stimulation of the BLA followed by hind-paw pressoceptive stimulus application. Changes in their spontaneous and evoked activity were studied in sham or spared nerve injury (SNI) rats before or after repeated treatment with AA-5-HT. Consistently with the SNI-induced changes in PL/IL cortex neurons which underwent profound phenotypic reorganization, suggesting a profound imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory responses in the mPFC neurons, we found an increase in extracellular glutamate levels, as well as the up-regulation of FAAH and TRPV1 in the PL/IL cortex of SNI rats. Daily treatment with AA-5-HT restored cortical neuronal activity, normalizing the electrophysiological changes associated with the peripheral injury of the sciatic nerve. Finally, a single acute intra-PL/IL cortex microinjection of AA-5-HT transiently decreased allodynia more effectively than URB597 or I-RTX, a selective FAAH inhibitor or a TRPV1 blocker, respectively. Conclusion These data suggest a possible involvement of endovanilloids in the cortical plastic changes associated with peripheral nerve injury and indicate that therapies able to normalize endovanilloid transmission may prove useful in ameliorating the symptoms and central sequelae associated with neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec Okun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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Chou CW, Wong GT, Lim G, Wang S, Irwin MG, Mao J. Spatiotemporal pattern of concurrent spinal and supraspinal NF-κB expression after peripheral nerve injury. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2011; 12:13-21. [PMID: 20537956 PMCID: PMC2978259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2010.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The expression of NF-κB in the spinal cord is associated with neuropathic pain. However, little is known about its expression beyond the spinal cord. Here we examined a spatial and temporal pattern of the NF-κB expression in both spinal and supraspinal regions. After chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve, NF-κB (p65) expression was significantly increased in the ipsilateral spinal cord. In contrast, the NF-κB expression in the contralateral primary somatosensory cortex was decreased with no significant differences seen in the thalamus. In the contralateral anterior cingulate cortex, the NF-κB expression was increased significantly on day 14 as compared with the sham group. In the contralateral amygdala, the NF-κB expression showed a time-dependent downregulation after CCI, which became significant on day 14. MK-801 reduced nociceptive behaviors and reversed the direction of NF-κB expression. These results indicate that the CCI-induced expression of p65 NF-κB is both time-dependent and region-specific, in areas that process both sensory-discriminative and motivational-affective dimensions of pain. PERSPECTIVE This article presents a spatiotemporal mapping of the NF-κB expression in spinal and supraspinal regions after peripheral nerve injury. These findings point to an involvement of NF-κB beyond the spinal cord in both the sensory discriminative and emotional affective aspects of neuropathic pain processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Wen Chou
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Gordon T.C. Wong
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Grewo Lim
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Shuxing Wang
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Michael G. Irwin
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jianren Mao
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
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Zhang Z, Séguéla P. Metabotropic induction of persistent activity in layers II/III of anterior cingulate cortex. Cereb Cortex 2010; 20:2948-57. [PMID: 20348157 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhq043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a limbic region associated with pain-related working memory and memory acquisition, receives a dense cholinergic innervation. To further understand the role of acetylcholine in ACC, we characterized the firing properties of pyramidal neurons following muscarinic receptor activation. Using whole-cell patch clamp recordings in acute brain slices, we report long-lasting nonsynaptic plateau potentials and persistent firing induced by carbachol (CCh) in pyramidal neurons in layers II/III of rat ACC. CCh responses were abolished by the muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine or by inhibitors of G proteins and phospholipase C. Inhibiting L-type calcium channels with nifedipine, removing extracellular calcium or chelating intracellular calcium with BAPTA also abolished plateau potentials and persistent firing. Blockade of nonselective cation channels with flufenamic acid, 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate or SKF-96365 suppressed CCh responses and voltage-clamp recordings of CCh-sensitive currents revealed a transient receptor potential canonical-like cationic conductance. The group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonist (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine hydrate induced plateau potentials and persistent firing that were mediated by mGluR5. Our data demonstrate that receptor-operated channels drive calcium-dependent plateau potentials and persistent firing in layers II/III of ACC. Therefore, acetylcholine- and glutamate-evoked persistent activity in ACC may play a mnemonic role by allowing transient storage of information during pain processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Zhang
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Zheng W. Activation of mu opioid receptor inhibits the excitatory glutamatergic transmission in the anterior cingulate cortex of the rats with peripheral inflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 628:91-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2009] [Revised: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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He Y, Liu MG, Gong KR, Chen J. Differential effects of long and short train theta burst stimulation on LTP induction in rat anterior cingulate cortex slices: multi-electrode array recordings. Neurosci Bull 2010; 25:309-18. [PMID: 19784087 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-009-0831-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is substantial evidence supporting the notion that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is an important limbic structure involved in multiple brain functions such as sensory perception, motor conflict monitoring, memory, emotion and cognition. It has been shown that long term potentiation (LTP) is an important synaptic model of neural plasticity in the ACC, however, little is known about the spatiotemporal properties of ACC at network level. The present study was designed to see the LTP induction effects across different layers of the ACC by using different conditioning stimuli (CS) protocols. METHODS A unique multi-electrode array recording technique was used in the acutely-dissociated ACC slices of rats. Long and short train theta burst stimulation (TBS) paradigms were applied in layer V-VI as the CS and the LTP induction effects were compared across different layers of the ACC. Briefly, both long and short train TBS are composed of bursts (4 pulses at 100 Hz) with a 200 ms interval, however, the former (TBS1) was with 10 trains and the latter (TBS2) was with 5 trains. After test stimulation at layer V-VI in the ACC, network field potentials (FPs) could be simultaneously recorded across all layers of the ACC. RESULTS The waveforms of FPs were different across different layers. Namely, positive-going waveforms were recorded in layer I and negative-going waveforms were recorded in layers V-VI, in contrast, complex waveforms were localized mainly in layers II-III. Following application of two CS protocols, the induction rate of LTP was significantly different between TBS1 and TBS2 regardless of the spatial properties. TBS1 had more than 60% success, while TBS2 was less than 25% in induction of LTP. Moreover, both the 2 CS protocols could induce LTP in layers II-III and layers V-VI without layer-related difference. However, no LTP was inducible in layer I. CONCLUSION The present findings indicate that stimulation protocols may, at least in part, account for a large portion of variations among previous LTP studies, and hence highlight the importance of selecting the best LTP induction protocol when designing such experiments. Moreover, the present results demonstrate the prominent superiority of multi-electrode array recording in revealing the network properties of synaptic activities in the ACC, especially in comparing the spatiotemporal characteristics between different layers of this structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying He
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Cao XY, Xu H, Wu LJ, Li XY, Chen T, Zhuo M. Characterization of intrinsic properties of cingulate pyramidal neurons in adult mice after nerve injury. Mol Pain 2009; 5:73. [PMID: 20015370 PMCID: PMC2807858 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-5-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is important for cognitive and sensory functions including memory and chronic pain. Glutamatergic excitatory synaptic transmission undergo long-term potentiation in ACC pyramidal cells after peripheral injury. Less information is available for the possible long-term changes in neuronal action potentials or intrinsic properties. In the present study, we characterized cingulate pyramidal cells in the layer II/III of the ACC in adult mice. We then examined possible long-term changes in intrinsic properties of the ACC pyramidal cells after peripheral nerve injury. In the control mice, we found that there are three major types of pyramidal cells according to their action potential firing pattern: (i) regular spiking (RS) cells (24.7%), intrinsic bursting (IB) cells (30.9%), and intermediate (IM) cells (44.4%). In a state of neuropathic pain, the population distribution (RS: 21.3%; IB: 31.2%; IM: 47.5%) and the single action potential properties of these three groups were indistinguishable from those in control mice. However, for repetitive action potentials, IM cells from neuropathic pain animals showed higher initial firing frequency with no change for the properties of RS and IB neurons from neuropathic pain mice. The present results provide the first evidence that, in addition to synaptic potentiation reported previously, peripheral nerve injury produces long-term plastic changes in the action potentials of cingulate pyramidal neurons in a cell type-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Cao
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Oblak A, Gibbs TT, Blatt GJ. Decreased GABAA receptors and benzodiazepine binding sites in the anterior cingulate cortex in autism. Autism Res 2009; 2:205-19. [PMID: 19650112 DOI: 10.1002/aur.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC; BA 24) via its extensive limbic and high order association cortical connectivity to prefrontal cortex is a key part of an important circuitry participating in executive function, affect, and socio-emotional behavior. Multiple lines of evidence, including genetic and imaging studies, suggest that the ACC and gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) system may be affected in autism. The benzodiazepine binding site on the GABA(A) receptor complex is an important target for pharmacotherapy and has important clinical implications. The present multiple-concentration ligand-binding study utilized (3)H-muscimol and (3)H-flunitrazepam to determine the number (B(max)), binding affinity (K(d)), and distribution of GABA(A) receptors and benzodiazepine binding sites, respectively, in the ACC in adult autistic and control cases. Compared to controls, the autistic group had significant decreases in the mean density of GABA(A) receptors in the supragranular (46.8%) and infragranular (20.2%) layers of the ACC and in the density of benzodiazepine binding sites in the supragranular (28.9%) and infragranular (16.4%) lamina [corrected]. These findings suggest that in the autistic group this downregulation of both benzodiazepine sites and GABA(A) receptors in the ACC may be the result of increased GABA innervation and/or release disturbing the delicate excitation/inhibition balance of principal neurons as well as their output to key limbic cortical targets. Such disturbances likely underlie the core alterations in socio-emotional behaviors in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Oblak
- Boston University School of Medicine, Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
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