1
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Moon DO. Exploring the Role of Surface and Mitochondrial ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels in Cancer: From Cellular Functions to Therapeutic Potentials. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2129. [PMID: 38396807 PMCID: PMC10888650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels are found in plasma membranes and mitochondria. These channels are a type of ion channel that is regulated by the intracellular concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and other nucleotides. In cell membranes, they play a crucial role in linking metabolic activity to electrical activity, especially in tissues like the heart and pancreas. In mitochondria, KATP channels are involved in protecting cells against ischemic damage and regulating mitochondrial function. This review delves into the role of KATP channels in cancer biology, underscoring their critical function. Notably responsive to changes in cellular metabolism, KATP channels link metabolic states to electrical activity, a feature that becomes particularly significant in cancer cells. These cells, characterized by uncontrolled growth, necessitate unique metabolic and signaling pathways, differing fundamentally from normal cells. Our review explores the intricate roles of KATP channels in influencing the metabolic and ionic balance within cancerous cells, detailing their structural and operational mechanisms. We highlight the channels' impact on cancer cell survival, proliferation, and the potential of KATP channels as therapeutic targets in oncology. This includes the challenges in targeting these channels due to their widespread presence in various tissues and the need for personalized treatment strategies. By integrating molecular biology, physiology, and pharmacology perspectives, the review aims to enhance the understanding of cancer as a complex metabolic disease and to open new research and treatment avenues by focusing on KATP channels. This comprehensive approach provides valuable insights into the potential of KATP channels in developing innovative cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Oh Moon
- Department of Biology Education, Daegu University, 201, Daegudae-ro, Gyeongsan-si 38453, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
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2
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Gaston-Breton R, Maïza Letrou A, Hamoudi R, Stonestreet BS, Mabondzo A. Brain organoids for hypoxic-ischemic studies: from bench to bedside. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:318. [PMID: 37804439 PMCID: PMC10560197 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04951-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Our current knowledge regarding the development of the human brain mostly derives from experimental studies on non-human primates, sheep, and rodents. However, these studies may not completely simulate all the features of human brain development as a result of species differences and variations in pre- and postnatal brain maturation. Therefore, it is important to supplement the in vivo animal models to increase the possibility that preclinical studies have appropriate relevance for potential future human trials. Three-dimensional brain organoid culture technology could complement in vivo animal studies to enhance the translatability of the preclinical animal studies and the understanding of brain-related disorders. In this review, we focus on the development of a model of hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury using human brain organoids to complement the translation from animal experiments to human pathophysiology. We also discuss how the development of these tools provides potential opportunities to study fundamental aspects of the pathophysiology of HI-related brain injury including differences in the responses between males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romane Gaston-Breton
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Laboratoire d'Etude de l'Unité Neurovasculaire & Innovation Thérapeutique, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Auriane Maïza Letrou
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Laboratoire d'Etude de l'Unité Neurovasculaire & Innovation Thérapeutique, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P. O. 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, P. O. 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Barbara S Stonestreet
- Departments of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry and Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI, 02905, USA
| | - Aloïse Mabondzo
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Laboratoire d'Etude de l'Unité Neurovasculaire & Innovation Thérapeutique, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
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3
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He Q, Ma Y, Liu J, Zhang D, Ren J, Zhao R, Chang J, Guo ZN, Yang Y. Biological Functions and Regulatory Mechanisms of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α in Ischemic Stroke. Front Immunol 2021; 12:801985. [PMID: 34966392 PMCID: PMC8710457 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.801985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is caused by insufficient cerebrovascular blood and oxygen supply. It is a major contributor to death or disability worldwide and has become a heavy societal and clinical burden. To date, effective treatments for ischemic stroke are limited, and innovative therapeutic methods are urgently needed. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a sensitive regulator of oxygen homeostasis, and its expression is rapidly induced after hypoxia/ischemia. It plays an extensive role in the pathophysiology of stroke, including neuronal survival, neuroinflammation, angiogenesis, glucose metabolism, and blood brain barrier regulation. In addition, the spatiotemporal expression profile of HIF-1α in the brain shifts with the progression of ischemic stroke; this has led to contradictory findings regarding its function in previous studies. Therefore, unveiling the Janus face of HIF-1α and its target genes in different type of cells and exploring the role of HIF-1α in inflammatory responses after ischemia is of great importance for revealing the pathogenesis and identifying new therapeutic targets for ischemic stroke. Herein, we provide a succinct overview of the current approaches targeting HIF-1α and summarize novel findings concerning HIF-1α regulation in different types of cells within neurovascular units, including neurons, endothelial cells, astrocytes, and microglia, during the different stages of ischemic stroke. The current representative translational approaches focused on neuroprotection by targeting HIF-1α are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyan He
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yinzhong Ma
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dianhui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaxin Ren
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruoyu Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - JunLei Chang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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4
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Jha RM, Rani A, Desai SM, Raikwar S, Mihaljevic S, Munoz-Casabella A, Kochanek PM, Catapano J, Winkler E, Citerio G, Hemphill JC, Kimberly WT, Narayan R, Sahuquillo J, Sheth KN, Simard JM. Sulfonylurea Receptor 1 in Central Nervous System Injury: An Updated Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11899. [PMID: 34769328 PMCID: PMC8584331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) is a member of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) protein superfamily, encoded by Abcc8, and is recognized as a key mediator of central nervous system (CNS) cellular swelling via the transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) channel. Discovered approximately 20 years ago, this channel is normally absent in the CNS but is transcriptionally upregulated after CNS injury. A comprehensive review on the pathophysiology and role of SUR1 in the CNS was published in 2012. Since then, the breadth and depth of understanding of the involvement of this channel in secondary injury has undergone exponential growth: SUR1-TRPM4 inhibition has been shown to decrease cerebral edema and hemorrhage progression in multiple preclinical models as well as in early clinical studies across a range of CNS diseases including ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, cardiac arrest, subarachnoid hemorrhage, spinal cord injury, intracerebral hemorrhage, multiple sclerosis, encephalitis, neuromalignancies, pain, liver failure, status epilepticus, retinopathies and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder. Given these substantial developments, combined with the timeliness of ongoing clinical trials of SUR1 inhibition, now, another decade later, we review advances pertaining to SUR1-TRPM4 pathobiology in this spectrum of CNS disease-providing an overview of the journey from patch-clamp experiments to phase III trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchira M. Jha
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (R.M.J.); (S.M.D.)
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (A.R.); (S.R.); (S.M.); (A.M.-C.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (J.C.); (E.W.)
| | - Anupama Rani
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (A.R.); (S.R.); (S.M.); (A.M.-C.)
| | - Shashvat M. Desai
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (R.M.J.); (S.M.D.)
| | - Sudhanshu Raikwar
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (A.R.); (S.R.); (S.M.); (A.M.-C.)
| | - Sandra Mihaljevic
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (A.R.); (S.R.); (S.M.); (A.M.-C.)
| | - Amanda Munoz-Casabella
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (A.R.); (S.R.); (S.M.); (A.M.-C.)
| | - Patrick M. Kochanek
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Joshua Catapano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (J.C.); (E.W.)
| | - Ethan Winkler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (J.C.); (E.W.)
| | - Giuseppe Citerio
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy;
- Neurointensive Care Unit, Department of Neuroscience, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST—Monza, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - J. Claude Hemphill
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - W. Taylor Kimberly
- Division of Neurocritical Care and Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Raj Narayan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY 11549, USA;
| | - Juan Sahuquillo
- Neurotrauma and Neurosurgery Research Unit (UNINN), Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kevin N. Sheth
- Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - J. Marc Simard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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5
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Role of NADPH Oxidase-Induced Hypoxia-Induced Factor-1 α Increase in Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption after 2-Hour Focal Ischemic Stroke in Rat. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:9928232. [PMID: 34434231 PMCID: PMC8382561 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9928232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently showed that inhibition of hypoxia-induced factor-1α (HIF-1α) decreased acute ischemic stroke-induced blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage. However, factors that induce the upregulation of HIF-1α expression remain unclear. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase played a critical role in reperfusion-induced BBB damage after stroke. However, the role of NADPH oxidase in BBB injury during the acute ischemia stage remains unclear. This study is aimed at investigating the role of NADPH oxidase in BBB injury and the expression of HIF-1α after acute ischemic stroke. A sutured middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was used to mimic ischemic stroke in rats. Our results show that the inhibition of NADPH oxidase by apocynin can significantly reduce the BBB damage caused by 2 h ischemic stroke accompanied by reducing the degradation of tight junction protein occludin. In addition, treatment with apocynin significantly decreased the upregulation of HIF-1α induced by 2 h MCAO. More importantly, apocynin could also inhibit the MMP-2 upregulation. Of note, HIF-1α was not colocalized with a bigger blood vessel. Taken together, our results showed that inhibition of NADPH oxidase-mediated HIF-1α upregulation reduced BBB damage accompanied by downregulating MMP-2 expression and occludin degradation after 2 h ischemia stroke. These results explored the mechanism of BBB damage after acute ischemic stroke and may help reduce the associated cerebral hemorrhage transformation after thrombolysis and endovascular treatment after ischemic stroke.
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6
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Liu C, Xie J, Sun S, Li H, Li T, Jiang C, Chen X, Wang J, Le A, Wang J, Li Z, Wang J, Wang W. Hemorrhagic Transformation After Tissue Plasminogen Activator Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:621-646. [PMID: 33125600 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a common complication after thrombolysis with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in ischemic stroke. In this article, recent research progress of HT in vivo and in vitro studies was reviewed. We have discussed new potential mechanisms and possible experimental models of HT development, as well as possible biomarkers and treatment methods. Meanwhile, we compared and analyzed rodent models, large animal models and in vitro BBB models of HT, and the limitations of these models were discussed. The molecular mechanism of HT was investigated in terms of BBB disruption, rt-PA neurotoxicity and the effect of neuroinflammation, matrix metalloproteinases, reactive oxygen species. The clinical features to predict HT were represented including blood biomarkers and clinical factors. Recent progress in neuroprotective strategies to improve HT after stroke treated with rt-PA is outlined. Further efforts need to be made to reduce the risk of HT after rt-PA therapy and improve the clinical prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengli Liu
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xie
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Anh Le
- Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Jiarui Wang
- The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Zhanfei Li
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Longshengzhi Capsules Improve Ischemic Stroke Outcomes and Reperfusion Injury via the Promotion of Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Effects in MCAO/R Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:9654175. [PMID: 32215051 PMCID: PMC7085377 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9654175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of death in the elderly. Traditional Chinese medicine provides an exciting strategy for treating stroke. Previous reports indicated that Longshengzhi capsules (LSZ), a modified Chinese formula, reduced formed thrombi and oxidative stress and were promising in the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke. However, the specific therapeutic effect and mechanism of LSZ are still ambiguous. This study aimed to define the effects of LSZ on proinflammatory mediators and neuroprotective effects on middle cerebral artery occlusion and refusion (MCAO/R) rats. Rats were treated with different doses of LSZ (0.54, 1.62, and 4.32 g/(kg·d)) in a week after model building. LSZ could improve the survival rate, ischemic stroke outcome, and infarct volume. In addition, significant decrease was observed in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and inflammatory factor levels in LSZ-treated groups, concomitant with increase in activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), neurosynaptic remodeling, and decrease in brain edema. It is proposed that LSZ has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects resulting in downregulating matrix metalloproteinase 2/9 (MMP-2/9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and upregulating microtubule-associated protein-2 (Map-2) and growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) via p38 MAPK and HIF-1α signaling pathways in MCAO/R rats. This study provides potential evidences that p38 MAPK and HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathways play significant roles in the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of LSZ.
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8
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Chen R, Lai UH, Zhu L, Singh A, Ahmed M, Forsyth NR. Reactive Oxygen Species Formation in the Brain at Different Oxygen Levels: The Role of Hypoxia Inducible Factors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:132. [PMID: 30364203 PMCID: PMC6192379 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) is the master oxygen sensor within cells and is central to the regulation of cell responses to varying oxygen levels. HIF activation during hypoxia ensures optimum ATP production and cell integrity, and is associated both directly and indirectly with reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. HIF activation can either reduce ROS formation by suppressing the function of mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), or increase ROS formation via NADPH oxidase (NOX), a target gene of HIF pathway. ROS is an unavoidable consequence of aerobic metabolism. In normal conditions (i.e., physioxia), ROS is produced at minimal levels and acts as a signaling molecule subject to the dedicated balance between ROS production and scavenging. Changes in oxygen concentrations affect ROS formation. When ROS levels exceed defense mechanisms, ROS causes oxidative stress. Increased ROS levels can also be a contributing factor to HIF stabilization during hypoxia and reoxygenation. In this review, we systemically review HIF activation and ROS formation in the brain during hypoxia and hypoxia/reoxygenation. We will then explore the literature describing how changes in HIF levels might provide pharmacological targets for effective ischaemic stroke treatment. HIF accumulation in the brain via HIF prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibition is proposed as an effective therapy for ischaemia stroke due to its antioxidation and anti-inflammatory properties in addition to HIF pro-survival signaling. PHD is a key regulator of HIF levels in cells. Pharmacological inhibition of PHD increases HIF levels in normoxia (i.e., at 20.9% O2 level). Preconditioning with HIF PHD inhibitors show a neuroprotective effect in both in vitro and in vivo ischaemia stroke models, but post-stroke treatment with PHD inhibitors remains debatable. HIF PHD inhibition during reperfusion can reduce ROS formation and activate a number of cellular survival pathways. Given agents targeting individual molecules in the ischaemic cascade (e.g., antioxidants) fail to be translated in the clinic setting, thus far, HIF pathway targeting and thereby impacting entire physiological networks is a promising drug target for reducing the adverse effects of ischaemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoli Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom.,Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - U Hin Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Department of Brain Protection and Plasticity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ayesha Singh
- School of Pharmacy, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom.,Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Ahmed
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom.,College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Nicholas R Forsyth
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
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9
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Shen Y, Gu J, Liu Z, Xu C, Qian S, Zhang X, Zhou B, Guan Q, Sun Y, Wang Y, Jin X. Inhibition of HIF-1α Reduced Blood Brain Barrier Damage by Regulating MMP-2 and VEGF During Acute Cerebral Ischemia. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:288. [PMID: 30233326 PMCID: PMC6132021 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Increase of blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability after acute ischemia stroke is a predictor to intracerebral hemorrhage transformation (HT) for tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) thrombolysis and post-endovascular treatment. Previous studies showed that 2-h ischemia induced damage of BBB integrity and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) made major contribution to this disruption. A recent study showed that blocking β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) alleviated ischemia-induced BBB injury by reducing hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) level. In this study, we sought to investigate the interaction of HIF-1α with MMP-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in BBB injury after acute ischemia stroke. Rat suture middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was used to mimic ischemia condition. Our results showed that ischemia produced BBB damage and MMP-2/9 upregulation was colocalized with Rhodamine-dextran leakage. Pretreatment with YC-1, a HIF-1α inhibitor, alleviated 2-h ischemia-induced BBB injury significantly accompanied by decrease of MMP-2 upregulation. In addition, YC-1 also prevented VEGF-induced BBB damage. Of note, VEGF was shown to be colocalized with neurons but not astrocytes. Taken together, BBB damage was reduced by inhibition of interaction of HIF-1α with MMP-2 and VEGF during acute cerebral ischemia. These findings provide mechanisms underlying BBB damage after acute ischemia stroke and may help reduce thrombolysis- and post-endovascular treatment-related cerebral hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Shen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jingxia Gu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Ziyun Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing City, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Congying Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Shuxia Qian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Beiqun Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Qiaobing Guan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yanyun Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Research and Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xinchun Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Research and Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, China
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10
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Intranasal wnt3a Attenuates Neuronal Apoptosis through Frz1/PIWIL1a/FOXM1 Pathway in MCAO Rats. J Neurosci 2018; 38:6787-6801. [PMID: 29954850 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2352-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
After ischemic stroke, apoptosis of neurons is a primary factor in determining outcome. Wnt3a is a naturally occurring protein that has been shown to have protective effects in the brain for traumatic brain injury. Although wnt3a has been investigated in the phenomena of neurogenesis, anti-apoptosis, and anti-inflammation, it has never been investigated as a therapy for stroke. We hypothesized that the potential neuroprotective agent wnt3a would reduce infarction and improve behavior following ischemic stroke by attenuating neuronal apoptosis and promoting cell survival through the Frizzled-1/PIWI1a/FOXM1 pathway in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats. A total of 229 Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to male, female, and 9-month-old male MCAO or sham groups followed by reperfusion 2 h after MCAO. Animals assigned to MCAO were either given wnt3a or its control. To explore the downstream signaling of wnt3a, the following interventions were given: Frizzled-1 siRNA, PIWI1a siRNA, and PIWI1a-clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, along with the appropriate controls. Post-MCAO assessments included neurobehavioral tests, infarct volume, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Endogenous levels of wnt3a and Frizzled-1/PIWI1a/FOXM1 were lowered after MCAO. The administration of intranasal wnt3a, 1 h after MCAO, increased PIWIL1a and FOXM1 expression through Frizzled-1, reducing brain infarction and neurological deficits at 24 and 72 h. Frizzled-1 and PIWI1a siRNAs reversed the protective effects of wnt3a after MCAO. Restoration of PIWI1a after knockdown of Frizzled-1 increased FOXM1 survival protein and reduced cleaved caspase-3 levels. In summary, wnt3a decreases neuronal apoptosis and improves neurological deficits through Frizzled-1/PIWI1a/FOXM1 pathway after MCAO in rats. Therefore, wnt3a is a novel intranasal approach to decrease apoptosis after stroke.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Only 5% of patients receive recombinant tissue plasminogen activator after stroke, and few qualify for mechanical thrombectomy. No neuroprotective agents have been successfully translated to promote neuronal survival in stroke. Thus, using a clinically relevant rat model of stroke, middle cerebral artery occlusion, we explored a novel intranasal administration of wnt3a. wnt3a naturally occurs in the body and crosses the blood-brain barrier, supporting the clinically translatable approach of intranasal administration. Significant neuronal apoptosis occurs during stroke, and wnt3a shows promise due to its antiapoptotic effects. We investigated whether wnt3a mediates its poststroke effects via Frizzled-1 and the impact on its downstream signaling molecules, PIWI1a and FOXM1, in apoptosis. Elucidating the mechanism of wnt3a will identify additional pharmacological targets and further understanding of stroke.
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Lee WT, Tai SH, Lin YW, Wu TS, Lee EJ. YC‑1 reduces inflammatory responses by inhibiting nuclear factor‑κB translocation in mice subjected to transient focal cerebral ischemia. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:2043-2051. [PMID: 29916544 PMCID: PMC6072174 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
3‑(5‑hydroxymethyl‑2‑furyl)‑1‑benzyl‑indazole (YC‑1) is understood to protect against ischemic stroke, but the molecular basis for its neuroprotection remains to be fully characterized. The present study investigated the influence of YC‑1 on inflammatory responses following experimental stroke. Previous studies indicated that nuclear factor (NF)‑κB‑driven signals serve a pivotal role in mediating inflammatory responses following stroke. Ischemic stroke results in activation of NF‑κB to induce gene expression of factors including inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin (IL)‑1β, IL‑6 and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The results of the present study demonstrated that YC‑1 effectively reduced brain infarction and brain edema, and improved blood‑brain barrier leakage. Additionally, animals treated with YC‑1 exhibited significant reductions in neutrophil and macrophage infiltration into the ischemic brain. Furthermore, YC‑1 effectively inhibited NF‑κB translocation and binding activity, and the activity and expression of MMP‑9 following ischemic stroke. In conclusion, YC‑1 may effectively attenuate NF‑κB‑induced inflammatory damage following cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology and Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Huang Tai
- Institute of Biotechnology and Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Wen Lin
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Service, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Medical Center and Medical School, Tainan 70428, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - E-Jian Lee
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Service, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Medical Center and Medical School, Tainan 70428, Taiwan, R.O.C
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12
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Rost NS, Cougo P, Lorenzano S, Li H, Cloonan L, Bouts MJ, Lauer A, Etherton MR, Karadeli HH, Musolino PL, Copen WA, Arai K, Lo EH, Feske SK, Furie KL, Wu O. Diffuse microvascular dysfunction and loss of white matter integrity predict poor outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:75-86. [PMID: 28481164 PMCID: PMC5757442 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17706449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We sought to investigate the relationship between blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and microstructural white matter integrity, and their potential impact on long-term functional outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We studied 184 AIS subjects with perfusion-weighted MRI (PWI) performed <9 h from last known well time. White matter hyperintensity (WMH), acute infarct, and PWI-derived mean transit time lesion volumes were calculated. Mean BBB leakage rates (K2 coefficient) and mean diffusivity values were measured in contralesional normal-appearing white matter (NAWM). Plasma matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) levels were studied at baseline and 48 h. Admission stroke severity was evaluated using the NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was obtained at 90-days post-stroke. We found that higher mean K2 and diffusivity values correlated with age, elevated baseline MMP-2 levels, greater NIHSS and worse 90-day mRS (all p < 0.05). In multivariable analysis, WMH volume was associated with mean K2 ( p = 0.0007) and diffusivity ( p = 0.006) values in contralesional NAWM. In summary, WMH severity measured on brain MRI of AIS patients is associated with metrics of increased BBB permeability and abnormal white matter microstructural integrity. In future studies, these MRI markers of diffuse cerebral microvascular dysfunction may improve prediction of cerebral tissue infarction and functional post-stroke outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S Rost
- 1 J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pedro Cougo
- 1 J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Svetlana Lorenzano
- 1 J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,2 Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Hua Li
- 1 J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,3 Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa Cloonan
- 1 J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark Jrj Bouts
- 1 J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,4 Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Arne Lauer
- 1 J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark R Etherton
- 1 J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hasan H Karadeli
- 1 J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patricia L Musolino
- 1 J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William A Copen
- 3 Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ken Arai
- 5 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Center, Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Eng H Lo
- 5 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Center, Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Steve K Feske
- 6 Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karen L Furie
- 7 Department of Neurology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ona Wu
- 1 J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,3 Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,4 Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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13
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Sun Y, Chen X, Zhang X, Shen X, Wang M, Wang X, Liu WC, Liu CF, Liu J, Liu W, Jin X. β2-Adrenergic Receptor-Mediated HIF-1α Upregulation Mediates Blood Brain Barrier Damage in Acute Cerebral Ischemia. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:257. [PMID: 28855859 PMCID: PMC5558520 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the blood brain barrier (BBB) within the thrombolytic time window is an antecedent event to intracerebral hemorrhage in ischemic stroke. Our recent studies showed that 2-h cerebral ischemia induced BBB damage in non-infarcted area and secreted matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) accounted for this disruption. However, the factors that affect MMP-2 secretion and regulate BBB damage remains unknown. Since hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) was discovered as a mater regulator in hypoxia, we sought to investigate the roles of HIF-1α in BBB damage as well as the factors regulating HIF-1α expression in the ischemic brain. in vivo rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and in vitro oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) models were used to mimic ischemia. Pretreatment with HIF-1α inhibitor YC-1 significantly inhibited 2-h MCAO-induced BBB damage, which was accompanied by suppressed occludin degradation and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA upregulation. Interestingly, β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) antagonist ICI 118551 attenuated ischemia-induced BBB damage by regulating HIF-1α expression. Double immunostaining showed that HIF-1α was upregulated in ischemic neurons but not in astrocytes andendothelial cells. Of note, HIF-1α inhibition with inhibitor YC-1 or siRNA significantly prevented OGD-induced VEGF upregulation as well as the secretion of VEGF and MMP-2 in neurons. More importantly, blocking β2-AR with ICI 118551 suppressedHIF-1α upregulation in ischemic neurons and attenuated occludin degradation induced by the conditioned media of OGD-treatedneurons. Taken together, blockade of β2-AR-mediated HIF-1α upregulation mediates BBB damage during acute cerebral ischemia. These findings provide new mechanistic understanding of early BBB damage in ischemic stroke and may help reduce thrombolysis-related hemorrhagic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China.,School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Yantai University, Ministry of EducationYantai, China
| | - Xi Chen
- The People's Hospital of Baoan ShenzhenShenzhen, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China
| | - Xianzhi Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China
| | - Mengwei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China.,School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Yantai University, Ministry of EducationYantai, China
| | - Wen-Cao Liu
- Department of Emergency, Shanxi Provincial People's HospitalTaiyuan, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Translational Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji Hospital, Stem Cell Research Center, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Wenlan Liu
- The Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Stem Cell Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen, China
| | - Xinchun Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China.,School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Yantai University, Ministry of EducationYantai, China
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14
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Yang XS, Yi TL, Zhang S, Xu ZW, Yu ZQ, Sun HT, Yang C, Tu Y, Cheng SX. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha is involved in RIP-induced necroptosis caused by in vitro and in vivo ischemic brain injury. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5818. [PMID: 28724891 PMCID: PMC5517428 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis, a novel type of programmed cell death, is involved in stroke-induced ischemic brain injury. Although studies have sought to explore the mechanisms of necroptosis, its signaling pathway has not yet to be completely elucidated. Thus, we used oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) models mimicking ischemic stroke (IS) conditions to investigate mechanisms of necroptosis. We found that OGD and MCAO induced cell death, local brain ischemia and neurological deficit, while zVAD-fmk (zVAD, an apoptotic inhibitor), GSK’872 (a receptor interacting protein kinase-3 (RIP3) inhibitor), and combined treatment alleviated cell death and ischemic brain injury. Moreover, OGD and MCAO upregulated protein expression of the triggers of necroptosis: receptor interacting protein kinase-1 (RIP1), RIP3 and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL). The upregulation of these proteins was inhibited by GSK’872, combination treatments and RIP3 siRNA but not zVAD treatment. Intriguingly, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), an important transcriptional factor under hypoxic conditions, was upregulated by OGD and MCAO. Similar to their inhibitory effects on aforementioned proteins upregulation, GSK’872, combination treatments and RIP3 siRNA decreased HIF-1α protein level. These findings indicate that necroptosis contributes to ischemic brain injury induced by OGD and MCAO and implicate HIF-1α, RIP1, RIP3, and MLKL in necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Sa Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery of Affiliated Hospital of the Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force (PAP), No. 220 ChengLin Road, HeDong District, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Tai-Long Yi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery of Affiliated Hospital of the Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force (PAP), No. 220 ChengLin Road, HeDong District, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery of Affiliated Hospital of the Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force (PAP), No. 220 ChengLin Road, HeDong District, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Xu
- Central Laboratory of Logistics University of PAP, No. 1 Huizhi Huan Road, DongLi District, Tianjin, 300393, China
| | - Ze-Qi Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery of Affiliated Hospital of the Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force (PAP), No. 220 ChengLin Road, HeDong District, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Hong-Tao Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery of Affiliated Hospital of the Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force (PAP), No. 220 ChengLin Road, HeDong District, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery of Affiliated Hospital of the Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force (PAP), No. 220 ChengLin Road, HeDong District, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Yue Tu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery of Affiliated Hospital of the Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force (PAP), No. 220 ChengLin Road, HeDong District, Tianjin, 300162, China.
| | - Shi-Xiang Cheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery of Affiliated Hospital of the Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force (PAP), No. 220 ChengLin Road, HeDong District, Tianjin, 300162, China.
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15
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A Promising Approach to Integrally Evaluate the Disease Outcome of Cerebral Ischemic Rats Based on Multiple-Biomarker Crosstalk. DISEASE MARKERS 2017. [PMID: 28630527 PMCID: PMC5463200 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9506527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The study was designed to evaluate the disease outcome based on multiple biomarkers related to cerebral ischemia. Methods Rats were randomly divided into sham, permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion, and edaravone-treated groups. Cerebral ischemia was induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion surgery in rats. To form a simplified crosstalk network, the related multiple biomarkers were chosen as S100β, HIF-1α, IL-1β, PGI2, TXA2, and GSH-Px. The levels or activities of these biomarkers in plasma were detected before and after ischemia. Concurrently, neurological deficit scores and cerebral infarct volumes were assessed. Based on a mathematic model, network balance maps and three integral disruption parameters (k, φ, and u) of the simplified crosstalk network were achieved. Results The levels or activities of the related biomarkers and neurological deficit scores were significantly impacted by cerebral ischemia. The balance maps intuitively displayed the network disruption, and the integral disruption parameters quantitatively depicted the disruption state of the simplified network after cerebral ischemia. The integral disruption parameter u values correlated significantly with neurological deficit scores and infarct volumes. Conclusion Our results indicate that the approach based on crosstalk network may provide a new promising way to integrally evaluate the outcome of cerebral ischemia.
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16
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Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Xiao X, Tan J, Yuan W, Liu Y. MicroRNA-433 Inhibits the Proliferation and Migration of HUVECs and Neurons by Targeting Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 Alpha. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 61:135-143. [PMID: 27815672 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0853-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has demonstrated an important role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathogenesis of cerebral infarction. In the present study, a down-regulation of microRNA-433 (miR-433) is identified in hypoxia-induced human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) as well as in rat neurons, and is found to be negatively regulated cell proliferation and migration. Moreover, the expression of miR-433 is inversely correlated with the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), which has been shown to play critical role in responding to hypoxia conditions. Overexpression or knockdown of miR-433 responsively alters both mRNA and protein levels of HIF-1α and its downstream genes, vascular endothelial growth factor, Glut-1, and Angpt2. In a luciferase reporter system, miR-433 down-regulates the luciferase activity of HIF-1α 3'-UTR, and these effects are abolished by a mutation in the putative miR-433-binding site. Further investigation confirms that knockdown of HIF-1α blocked the stimulatory effect of anti-miR-433, while overexpression of HIF-1α reversed the inhibitory effects of pre-miR-433 on proliferation and migration of HUVEC and neurons. Taken together, our findings indicate that miR-433 plays an important role in response to hypoxia, inhibiting HUVEC and neuron proliferation and migration by down-regulating HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Institute of neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong Univerisity Health Science Center, No. 76 West Yanta street, Xi'an, 710061, China.,Department of Neurology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, 710003, China
| | - Yuanxiao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, 710003, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Institute of neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong Univerisity Health Science Center, No. 76 West Yanta street, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, 710003, China
| | - Xinli Xiao
- Institute of neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong Univerisity Health Science Center, No. 76 West Yanta street, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jing Tan
- Department of Anesthesia, The first Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an North Hospital, Xi'an, 710043, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong Univerisity Health Science Center, No. 76 West Yanta street, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Normobaric Hyperoxia Extends Neuro- and Vaso-Protection of N-Acetylcysteine in Transient Focal Ischemia. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:3418-3427. [PMID: 27177548 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor of glutathione that reduces reperfusion-induced injury, has been shown protection when it was administered pre-ischemia. However, less is known about the effect when it was given post-ischemia and there is no positive result associated with anti-oxidant in clinical trials. This study investigated the neuro- and vaso-protection of post-ischemia NAC administration as well as combining NAC with normobaric hyperoxia (NBO). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to NBO or normoxia during 2-h occlusion of the middle cerebral artery, followed by 48-h reperfusion. NAC or vehicle was intraperitoneally administered to rats immediately before reperfusion onset. NAC and NBO treatments produced 1.2 and 30 % reduction of infarction volume, respectively, and combination treatment showed greater reduction (59.8 %) as well as more decrease of hemispheric swelling volume. Of note, combination therapy showed improved neurological assessment and motor function which were sustained for 7 days after reperfusion. We also determined that the combination therapy showed greater inhibitory effects on tight junction protein degradation accompanied by Evan's blue extravasation, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induction, and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP)-1 activation in ischemic brain tissue. Our results showed that although post-ischemia NAC administration had limited protection, combination treatment of NAC plus NBO effectively prevented blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage and significantly improved the outcome of brain injury, providing new evidence to support the concept that "cocktail" treatment targeting different stages provides better neuro- and vaso-protection than current individual treatment that has all failed in their clinical trials.
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18
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Sun Y, He W, Geng L. Neuroprotective mechanism of HIF-1α overexpression in the early stage of acute cerebral infarction in rats. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:391-395. [PMID: 27347067 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the expression and neuroprotective mechanism of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) in the brain tissue of a rat model of early acute cerebral infarction. A total of 64 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into surgery and sham groups and the model of focal cerebral infarction was established by the suture-occluded method. In the sham group, blood vessels were separated but not occluded. Rats in the surgery and sham groups were subdivided into eight groups (n=4/group). Blood samples was collected at 8 time points including 30 min and 1, 3, 6, 12, 48, 24 and 72 h, respectively, and HIF-1α content was detected using ELISA. Brain tissues of rats in all groups were harvested following blood collection. HIF-1α protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling was used to analyze the brain cell apoptosis index. ELISA results demonstrated that rats in the surgery group began to express HIF-1α within 30 min, and HIF-1α expression levels gradually increased, peaking at 12 h. HIF-1α expression levels were significantly increased in the surgery group at all time points, as compared with the sham group (P<0.05). The concentration of HIF-1α decreased rapidly in 12 h. At various time points, HIF-1α protein expression in the brain tissue of rats in the sham group was negative. HIF-1α protein expression was significantly increased in the surgery group (P<0.05), peaking at 12 h, and decreasing after this point. As compared with the sham group, the apoptosis indices of the brain tissue of rats in the surgery group exhibited a gradual increasing trend with significant decreases observed after 12 h (P<0.05). Intra-group comparison of all indices in the surgery group, indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between postoperative 12 h and other time points (P<0.05). In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that HIF-1α was highly expressed in the brain tissue of rat models of early acute cerebral infarction. The results also indicated that HIF-1α significantly reduced the apoptosis of infarcted cells, suggesting that HIF-1α may have a neuroprotective role in early acute cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Sun
- Department of Neurology, Henan University Huaihe Hospital, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, P.R. China
| | - Weiya He
- Department of Neurology, Henan University Huaihe Hospital, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, P.R. China
| | - Lijiao Geng
- Department of Neurology, Henan University Huaihe Hospital, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, P.R. China
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Liu FJ, Kaur P, Karolina DS, Sepramaniam S, Armugam A, Wong PTH, Jeyaseelan K. MiR-335 Regulates Hif-1α to Reduce Cell Death in Both Mouse Cell Line and Rat Ischemic Models. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128432. [PMID: 26030758 PMCID: PMC4452242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factor-1α facilitates cellular adaptation to hypoxic conditions. Hence its tight regulation is crucial in hypoxia related diseases such as cerebral ischemia. Changes in hypoxia inducible factor-1α expression upon cerebral ischemia influence the expression of its downstream genes which eventually determines the extent of cellular damage. MicroRNAs are endogenous regulators of gene expression that have rapidly emerged as promising therapeutic targets in several diseases. In this study, we have identified miR-335 as a direct regulator of hypoxia inducible factor-1α and as a potential therapeutic target in cerebral ischemia. MiR-335 and hypoxia inducible factor-1α mRNA showed an inverse expression profile, both in vivo and in vitro ischemic conditions. Given the biphasic nature of hypoxia inducible factor-1α expression during cerebral ischemia, miR-335 mimic was found to reduce infarct volume in the early time (immediately after middle cerebral artery occlusion) of embolic stroke animal models while the miR-335 inhibitor appears to be beneficial at the late time of stroke (24 hrs after middle cerebral artery occlusion). Modulation of hypoxia inducible factor-1α expression by miR-335 also influenced the expression of crucial genes implicated in neurovascular permeability, cell death and maintenance of the blood brain barrier. These concerted effects, resulting in a reduction in infarct volume bring about a beneficial outcome in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Jia Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Prameet Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dwi S. Karolina
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sugunavathi Sepramaniam
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arunmozhiarasi Armugam
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter T. H. Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kandiah Jeyaseelan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Stergiopoulos A, Elkouris M, Politis PK. Prospero-related homeobox 1 (Prox1) at the crossroads of diverse pathways during adult neural fate specification. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 8:454. [PMID: 25674048 PMCID: PMC4306308 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, adult neurogenesis in the central nervous system (CNS) has emerged as a fundamental process underlying physiology and disease. Recent evidence indicates that the homeobox transcription factor Prox1 is a critical intrinsic regulator of neurogenesis in the embryonic CNS and adult dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, acting in multiple ways and instructed by extrinsic cues and intrinsic factors. In the embryonic CNS, Prox1 is mechanistically involved in the regulation of proliferation vs. differentiation decisions of neural stem cells (NSCs), promoting cell cycle exit and neuronal differentiation, while inhibiting astrogliogenesis. During the complex differentiation events in adult hippocampal neurogenesis, Prox1 is required for maintenance of intermediate progenitors (IPs), differentiation and maturation of glutamatergic interneurons, as well as specification of DG cell identity over CA3 pyramidal fate. The mechanism by which Prox1 exerts multiple functions involves distinct signaling pathways currently not fully highlighted. In this mini-review, we thoroughly discuss the Prox1-dependent phenotypes and molecular pathways in adult neurogenesis in relation to different upstream signaling cues and cell fate determinants. In addition, we discuss the possibility that Prox1 may act as a cross-talk point between diverse signaling cascades to achieve specific outcomes during adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Stergiopoulos
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Maximilianos Elkouris
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis K Politis
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens Athens, Greece
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21
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Qi B, Chen HL, Shang D, Dong Y, Zhang GX, Yu L. Effects of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and matrix metalloproteinase-9 on alveolar-capillary barrier disruption and lung edema in rat models of severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:899-906. [PMID: 25120621 PMCID: PMC4113543 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) on alveolar-capillary barrier disruption and lung edema in rat models of severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury (PALI). A total of 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham surgery group (n=10) and three PALI groups, in which acute pancreatitis was induced by the retrograde infusion of 5% sodium taurocholate (1 ml/kg). The PALI groups were as follows: i) Untreated PALI group (n=10); ii) 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2) group (5 mg/kg body mass; n=10); and iii) 2ME2 group (15 mg/kg body mass; n=10). In the two 2ME2 groups, the HIF-1α inhibitor 2ME2 was administered intraperitoneally 1 h after the induction of AP. The severity of the pancreatitis was evaluated by the serum amylase levels and pathology. The severity of the lung injury was evaluated by the wet/dry ratio, blood gas analysis and pathology. The alveolar-capillary barrier disruption was assessed by Evans blue dye extravasation. The protein and mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α and MMP-9 were studied using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), western blot analysis and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The active tumor necrosis factor-α levels were measured using an ELISA. The HIF-1α inhibitor 2ME2 attenuated the severity of the pancreatitis and PALI, while the lung edema and alveolar-capillary barrier disruption were significantly ameliorated compared with those in the untreated PALI group. Administration of the higher dose of 2ME2 significantly suppressed the protein expression of MMP-9 in the lung tissues. The results indicate that HIF-1α has a major function in alveolar-capillary barrier disruption and lung edema in PALI via a molecular pathway cascade involving MMP-9. Inhibition of HIF-1α by 2ME2 attenuates alveolar-capillary barrier disruption and lung edema. Pharmacological blockade of this pathway in patients with PALI may provide a novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Qi
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China ; Department of Acute Abdominal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Long Chen
- Department of Acute Abdominal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Dong Shang
- Department of Acute Abdominal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Ying Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116021, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Xin Zhang
- Department of Acute Abdominal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yu
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
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Hemorrhagic transformation after ischemic stroke in animals and humans. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2014; 34:185-99. [PMID: 24281743 PMCID: PMC3915212 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a common complication of ischemic stroke that is exacerbated by thrombolytic therapy. Methods to better prevent, predict, and treat HT are needed. In this review, we summarize studies of HT in both animals and humans. We propose that early HT (<18 to 24 hours after stroke onset) relates to leukocyte-derived matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and brain-derived MMP-2 that damage the neurovascular unit and promote blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. This contrasts to delayed HT (>18 to 24 hours after stroke) that relates to ischemia activation of brain proteases (MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, and endogenous tissue plasminogen activator), neuroinflammation, and factors that promote vascular remodeling (vascular endothelial growth factor and high-moblity-group-box-1). Processes that mediate BBB repair and reduce HT risk are discussed, including transforming growth factor beta signaling in monocytes, Src kinase signaling, MMP inhibitors, and inhibitors of reactive oxygen species. Finally, clinical features associated with HT in patients with stroke are reviewed, including approaches to predict HT by clinical factors, brain imaging, and blood biomarkers. Though remarkable advances in our understanding of HT have been made, additional efforts are needed to translate these discoveries to the clinic and reduce the impact of HT on patients with ischemic stroke.
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Ström JO, Ingberg E, Theodorsson A, Theodorsson E. Method parameters' impact on mortality and variability in rat stroke experiments: a meta-analysis. BMC Neurosci 2013; 14:41. [PMID: 23548160 PMCID: PMC3637133 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-14-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Even though more than 600 stroke treatments have been shown effective in preclinical studies, clinically proven treatment alternatives for cerebral infarction remain scarce. Amongst the reasons for the discrepancy may be methodological shortcomings, such as high mortality and outcome variability, in the preclinical studies. A common approach in animal stroke experiments is that A) focal cerebral ischemia is inflicted, B) some type of treatment is administered and C) the infarct sizes are assessed. However, within this paradigm, the researcher has to make numerous methodological decisions, including choosing rat strain and type of surgical procedure. Even though a few studies have attempted to address the questions experimentally, a lack of consensus regarding the optimal methodology remains. Methods We therefore meta-analyzed data from 502 control groups described in 346 articles to find out how rat strain, procedure for causing focal cerebral ischemia and the type of filament coating affected mortality and infarct size variability. Results The Wistar strain and intraluminal filament procedure using a silicone coated filament was found optimal in lowering infarct size variability. The direct and endothelin methods rendered lower mortality rate, whereas the embolus method increased it compared to the filament method. Conclusions The current article provides means for researchers to adjust their middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) protocols to minimize infarct size variability and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob O Ström
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden.
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Abstract
Diabetes is considered a major risk factor for stroke and is associated with worsened stroke outcomes. Here, we discuss and summarize the mechanisms that have been associated with the increased risk of stroke due to the hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus. In diabetic stroke models, hyperglycemia exaggerates the following damaging processes: acidosis, accumulation of reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen, inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Understanding the mechanism of diabetes acting as a stroke risk factor will definitely assist to reveal issues related to drug metabolism and toxicity in diabetic stroke. In addition, it is suggested that future studies may focus on the mechanisms mediating blood-brain barrier and astrocytes dysfunction under hyperglycemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Jingqi Yan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Honglian Shi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
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Mu J, Ostrowski RP, Soejima Y, Rolland WB, Krafft PR, Tang J, Zhang JH. Delayed hyperbaric oxygen therapy induces cell proliferation through stabilization of cAMP responsive element binding protein in the rat model of MCAo-induced ischemic brain injury. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 51:133-43. [PMID: 23146993 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatments that could extend the therapeutic window of opportunity for stroke patients are urgently needed. Early administration of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been proven neuroprotective in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) in rodents. Our aim was to determine: 1) whether delayed HBOT after permanent MCAo (pMCAo) can still convey neuroprotection and restorative cell proliferation, and 2) whether these beneficial effects rely on HBO-induced activation of protein phosphatase-1γ (PP1-γ) leading to a decreased phosphorylation and ubiquitination of CREB and hence its stabilization. The experiments were performed in one hundred thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats with the body weight ranging from 240 to 270 g. Permanent MCAo was induced with the intraluminal filament occluding the right middle cerebral artery (MCA). In the first experiment, HBOT (2.5 ATA, 1h daily for 10 days) was started 48 h after pMCAo. Neurobehavioral deficits and infarct size as well as cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) expression and BrdU-DAB staining in the hippocampus and the peri-infarct region were evaluated on day 14 and day 28 post-MCAo. In the second experiment, HBOT (2.5 ATA, 1h) was started 3h after pMCAo. The effects of CREB siRNA or PP1-γ siRNA on HBO-induced infarct size alterations and target protein expression were studied. HBOT started with 48 h delay reduced infarct size, ameliorated neurobehavioral deficits and increased protein expression of CREB, resulting in increased cell proliferations in the hippocampus and peri-infarct region, on day 14 and day 28 post-MCAo. In the acute experiment pMCAo resulted in cerebral infarction and functional deterioration and reduced brain expression of PP1-γ, which led to increased phosphorylation and ubiquitination of CREB 24h after MCAo. However HBOT administered 3h after ischemia reversed these molecular events and resulted in CREB stabilization, infarct size reduction and neurobehavioral improvement. Gene silencing with CREB siRNA or PP1-γ siRNA reduced acute beneficial effects of HBO. In conclusion, delayed daily HBOT presented as potent neuroprotectant in pMCAo rats, increased CREB expression and signaling activity, and bolstered regenerative type cell proliferation in the injured brain. As shown in the acute experiment these effects of HBO were likely to be mediated by reducing ubiquitin-dependent CREB degradation owing to HBO-induced activation of PP1γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Mu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Simard JM, Woo SK, Schwartzbauer GT, Gerzanich V. Sulfonylurea receptor 1 in central nervous system injury: a focused review. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2012; 32:1699-717. [PMID: 22714048 PMCID: PMC3434627 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2012.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The sulfonylurea receptor 1 (Sur1)-regulated NC(Ca-ATP) channel is a nonselective cation channel that is regulated by intracellular calcium and adenosine triphosphate. The channel is not constitutively expressed, but is transcriptionally upregulated de novo in all cells of the neurovascular unit, in many forms of central nervous system (CNS) injury, including cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury (TBI), spinal cord injury (SCI), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The channel is linked to microvascular dysfunction that manifests as edema formation and delayed secondary hemorrhage. Also implicated in oncotic cell swelling and oncotic (necrotic) cell death, the channel is a major molecular mechanism of 'accidental necrotic cell death' in the CNS. In animal models of SCI, pharmacological inhibition of Sur1 by glibenclamide, as well as gene suppression of Abcc8, prevents delayed capillary fragmentation and tissue necrosis. In models of stroke and TBI, glibenclamide ameliorates edema, secondary hemorrhage, and tissue damage. In a model of SAH, glibenclamide attenuates the inflammatory response due to extravasated blood. Clinical trials of an intravenous formulation of glibenclamide in TBI and stroke underscore the importance of recent advances in understanding the role of the Sur1-regulated NC(Ca-ATP) channel in acute ischemic, traumatic, and inflammatory injury to the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marc Simard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201-1595, USA.
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Hydrogen gas ameliorates oxidative stress in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Crit Care Med 2012; 40:1291-6. [PMID: 22336722 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e31823da96d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hydrogen gas has been demonstrated to neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress recently. Our objective was to determine the therapeutic effect of H2 inhalation and its antioxidative activity on early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage. DESIGN Controlled in vivo laboratory study. SETTING Animal research laboratory. SUBJECTS One hundred thirty-seven adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 280-350 g. INTERVENTIONS Subarachnoid hemorrhage was induced by endovascular perforation method in rats. Subarachnoid hemorrhage rats were treated with 2.9% hydrogen gas inhaled for 2 hrs after perforation. At 24 and 72 hrs, mortality, body weight, neurologic deficits, and brain water content were assessed. Blood-brain barrier permeability and apoptosis were also measured at 24 hrs. To investigate the antioxidative activity of hydrogen gas, the expression of malondialdehyde, nitrotyrosine, and 8-hydroxyguanosine, which are oxidative markers of lipid, protein, and DNA damage, respectively, were measured at 24 hrs. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Hydrogen gas significantly alleviated brain edema and blood-brain barrier disruption, reduced apoptosis, and improved neurologic function at 24 hrs but not 72 hrs after subarachnoid hemorrhage. These effects were associated with the amelioration of oxidative injury of lipid, protein, and DNA. CONCLUSIONS Hydrogen gas could exert its neuroprotective effect against early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage by its antioxidative activity.
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Shi GX, Andres DA, Cai W. Ras family small GTPase-mediated neuroprotective signaling in stroke. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2012; 11:114-37. [PMID: 21521171 DOI: 10.2174/187152411796011349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Selective neuronal cell death is one of the major causes of neuronal damage following stroke, and cerebral cells naturally mobilize diverse survival signaling pathways to protect against ischemia. Importantly, therapeutic strategies designed to improve endogenous anti-apoptotic signaling appear to hold great promise in stroke treatment. While a variety of complex mechanisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of stroke, the overall mechanisms governing the balance between cell survival and death are not well-defined. Ras family small GTPases are activated following ischemic insults, and in turn, serve as intrinsic switches to regulate neuronal survival and regeneration. Their ability to integrate diverse intracellular signal transduction pathways makes them critical regulators and potential therapeutic targets for neuronal recovery after stroke. This article highlights the contribution of Ras family GTPases to neuroprotective signaling cascades, including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family protein kinase- and AKT/PKB-dependent signaling pathways as well as the regulation of cAMP response element binding (CREB), Forkhead box O (FoxO) and hypoxiainducible factor 1(HIF1) transcription factors, in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Xian Shi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 741 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA.
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Sequential activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 and specificity protein 1 is required for hypoxia-induced transcriptional stimulation of Abcc8. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2012; 32:525-36. [PMID: 22086197 PMCID: PMC3293117 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2011.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia causes increased transcription of sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1), which forms SUR1-regulated NC(Ca-ATP) channels linked to cerebral edema. We tested the hypothesis that hypoxia is an initial signal that stimulates transcription of Abcc8, the gene encoding SUR1, via activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1). In the brain microvascular endothelial cells, hypoxia increased SUR1 abundance and expression of functional SUR1-regulated NC(Ca-ATP) channels. Luciferase reporter activity driven by the Abcc8 promoter was increased by hypoxia and by coexpression of HIF1α. Surprisingly, a series of luciferase reporter assays studying the Abcc8 promoter revealed that binding sites for specificity protein 1 (Sp1), but not for HIF, were required for stimulation of Abcc8 transcription by HIF1α. Luciferase reporter assays studying Sp1 promoters of three species, and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis in rats after cerebral ischemia, indicated that HIF binds to HIF-binding sites on the Sp1 promoter to stimulate transcription of the Sp1 gene. We conclude that sequential activation of two transcription factors, HIF and Sp1, is required to stimulate transcription of Abcc8 following cerebral ischemia. Sequential gene activation in cerebral ischemia provides a plausible molecular explanation for the prolonged treatment window observed for inhibition of the end-target gene product, SUR1, by glibenclamide.
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