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Guo D, Hu L, Xie P, Sun P, Yu W. Seipin is involved in oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation induced neuroinflammation by regulating the TLR3/TRAF3/NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112182. [PMID: 38703568 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Seipin plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism and is involved in neurological disorders. However, the function and mechanism of action of seipin in acute ischemic stroke have not yet been elucidated. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of seipin on neuroinflammation induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) and further explore the molecular mechanism by functional experiments. Our results revealed a significant decrease in seipin mRNA levels, accompanied by enhanced expression of TNF-α in patients with AIS, and a significant negative correlation between seipin and TNF-α was observed. Additionally, there was a negative correlation between seipin levels and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. Furthermore, seipin levels were also decreased in middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) mice and OGD/R-treated BV2 cells. RNA sequencing analysis showed that seipin knockdown altered the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) signaling pathway. It was further confirmed in vitro that seipin knockdown caused significantly increased secretion of inflammatory factors including TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and interferon (IFN)-β. Meanwhile, seipin knockdown activated the Tlr3 signal pathway while this effect could be reversed by Tlr3 inhibitor in OGD/R treated BV2 cells. Furthermore, neuroinflammation induced by OGD/R was significantly reduced by seipin overexpression. Overall, our study demonstrate that seipin deficiency aggravates neuroinflammation by activating the TLR3/TRAF3/NF-κB signaling pathway after OGD/R stimuli, and suggest that seipin may be a potential therapeutic target for AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, 09 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Lele Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Second People's Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang 550023, Guizhou, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, 09 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Second People's Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang 550023, Guizhou, China.
| | - Wenfeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, 09 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Human Brain Bank for Functions and Diseases of Department of Education of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China.
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Wen L, Yan C, Si T, Huang L, Nie Y, Shen H, Qu M, Zhang X. The predictive role of early inflammation and oxidative stress and the dynamics of cytokines networks in post-stroke depression. J Affect Disord 2024; 347:469-476. [PMID: 38065474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress play an important role in the pathogenesis of PSD. The main purposes of this study were to examine the dynamic changes of cytokines networks in PSD and the predictive role of early inflammation and oxidative stress for 2-week PSD. METHODS Patients with ischemic stroke were recruited on day 3, and those with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 24-Item (HAMD-24) ≥8 were classified as ischemic stroke patients with depressive symptoms and others as ischemic stroke patients without depressive symptoms. Subjects were then followed up at 2 weeks and 3 months, with those meeting diagnostic criteria for depressive symptoms on the HAMD ≥8 and the Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-V (DSM-V) as the PSD group, and the others as the non-PSD group. RESULTS At 3 days, IFN-γ, IL-12(p70), IL-12(p40), IL-2, IL-28A/IFNλ2, and IL-19 were elevated in ischemic stroke patients with depressive symptoms. At 2 weeks, IL-12(p40), IL-19, IL-22, IFN-β and MMP-1 all were increased in PSD patients. At 3 months, IL-2, IFN-β and sCD163 increased in PSD group. Longitudinally, the inflammatory response decreased significantly in PSD group from 2 weeks to 3 months of follow-up, while it gradually decreased in non-PSD group from 3 days to 3 months of follow-up. SOD was positively related to IL-12(p70), IFN-γ and IL-20. Plasma IFN-γ at 3 days may be a potential predictive biomarker for 2-week PSD. CONCLUSIONS Peripheral inflammation and oxidative stress are involved in the pathogenesis of PSD, providing new insights for its diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wen
- Neurology Department, Xuan Wu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuming Yan
- Neurology Department, Xuan Wu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Si
- Neurology Department, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liyuan Huang
- Neurology Department, Xuan Wu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Nie
- Neurology Department, Xuan Wu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huixin Shen
- Neurology Department, Xuan Wu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Qu
- Neurology Department, Xuan Wu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Doskas T, Dardiotis E, Vavougios GD, Ntoskas KT, Sionidou P, Vadikolias K. Stroke risk in multiple sclerosis: a critical appraisal of the literature. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:1132-1152. [PMID: 35369835 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2056459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Observational studies suggest that the occurrence of stroke on multiple sclerosis (MS) patients is higher compared to the general population. MS is a heterogeneous disease that involves an interplay of genetic, environmental and immune factors. The occurrence of stroke is subject to a wide range of both modifiable and non-modifiable, short- and long-term risk factors. Both MS and stroke share common risk factors. The immune mechanisms that underlie stroke are similar to neurodegenerative diseases and are attributed to neuroinflammation. The inflammation in autoimmune diseases may, therefore, predispose to an increased risk for stroke or potentiate the effect of conventional stroke risk factors. There are, however, additional determinants that contribute to a higher risk and incidence of stroke in MS. Due to the challenges that are associated with their differential diagnosis, the objective is to present an overview of the factors that may contribute to increased susceptibility or occurrence of stroke in MSpatients by performing a review of the available to date literature. As both MS and stroke can individually detrimentally affect the quality of life of afflicted patients, the identification of factors that contribute to an increased risk for stroke in MS is crucial for the prompt implementation of preventative therapeutic measures to limit the additive burden that stroke imposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triantafyllos Doskas
- Department of Neurology, Athens Naval Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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Pan J, Peng J, Li X, Wang H, Rong X, Peng Y. Transmission of NLRP3-IL-1β Signals in Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury: from Microglia to Adjacent Neuron and Endothelial Cells via IL-1β/IL-1R1/TRAF6. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2749-2766. [PMID: 36717480 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03232-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome drives the profound cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury (I/R) and mediates the secretion of IL-1β (interleukin-1β), which exerts a subsequent cascade of inflammatory injury. The NLRP3-activated-microglial manipulation in adjacent neuronal and endothelial NLRP3 activation has been confirmed in our previous studies. In the present study, we extended the cognition of how microglia mediated neuronal and endothelial NLRP3-IL-1β signaling during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. In vitro, Neuro-2a and bEND3 cells were cultured alone or co-cultured with BV2 cells and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) was performed. In vivo, transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) rat models and lentiviral silencing targeting IL-1R1 were performed. The NLRP3 inflammasome activation was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting, immunoprecipitation, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. In the co-culture system after OGD/R treatment, NLRP3 inflammasomes in neurons and endothelial cells were activated by microglial IL-1β via IL-1β/IL-1R1/TRAF6 signaling pathway, with the basal protein level of NLRP3. In addition, ruptured lysosomes engulfing ASC specks which were possibly secreted from microglia triggered the enhanced NLRP3 expression. In cortices of tMCAO rats at 24 h of reperfusion, silencing IL-1R1, mainly presented in neurons and endothelial cells, was efficient to block the subsequent inflammatory damage and leukocyte brain infiltration, leading to better neurological outcome. Neuronal and endothelial NLRP3 inflammasomes were activated by microglia in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury mainly via IL-1β/IL-1R1/TRAF6 signaling, which might be therapeutically targetable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrui Pan
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jialing Peng
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangpen Li
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Hongxuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiaoming Rong
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Intranasal interferon-beta as a promising alternative for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Med Hypotheses 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2022.110996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Li S, Zhang Y, Shi S, Guo D, Chang T. Identification of immune characteristic landscapes related to autophagy in ischemic stroke. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1026578. [DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1026578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a common and grievous nervous system disease. Both autophagy activation and immune response after cerebral ischemia play important roles in the development of IS. Many studies have revealed a close interplay between autophagy and immunity. However, little is known about how autophagy influences the immune characteristics of IS. Hence, the study aims to systematically explore the role of autophagy and its impact on immune characteristics in IS. We first compared the expression differences of autophagy genes in a training set and identified 20 dysregulated autophagy genes between healthy and IS samples. An autophagy-related classifier composed of seven genes was further established and could well distinguish healthy and IS samples. Then, the association between autophagy and immune characteristics, including infiltrating immunocytes, activity of immune reactions, and HLA gene expression, was investigated. The results showed that autophagy closely correlated with immune characteristics, such as NAMPT and ARNT significantly related to infiltrating immunocytes; PPP1R15A and CASP3 significantly related to activity of immune reactions; and NAMPT and ATG16L2 significantly related to HLA genes. Next, two distinct autophagy expression patterns were identified by unsupervised clustering analysis, and diverse immune characteristics were discovered between them. A total of 5481 autophagy phenotype-related genes were obtained between two expression patterns, and their biological functions revealed that these genes were involved in immune-related biological pathways. Finally, five dysregulated autophagy genes (FOS, MAP1LC3B, ERO1L, ARNT, and PPP1R15A) were proved between IS and healthy samples using another two validation sets. Our results illustrated that autophagy had a dramatic effect on the immunity of IS and provided a novel sight into understanding the pathogenesis of IS.
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Hasselbalch H, Skov V, Kjær L, Larsen MK, Knudsen TA, Lucijanić M, Kusec R. Recombinant Interferon-β in the Treatment of Polycythemia Vera and Related Neoplasms: Rationales and Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5495. [PMID: 36428587 PMCID: PMC9688061 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
About 30 years ago, the first clinical trials of the safety and efficacy of recombinant interferon-α2 (rIFN-α2) were performed. Since then, several single-arm studies have shown rIFN-α2 to be a highly potent anticancer agent against several cancer types. Unfortunately, however, a high toxicity profile in early studies with rIFN-α2 -among other reasons likely due to the high dosages being used-disqualified rIFN-α2, which was accordingly replaced with competitive drugs that might at first glance look more attractive to clinicians. Later, pegylated IFN-α2a (Pegasys) and pegylated IFN-α2b (PegIntron) were introduced, which have since been reported to be better tolerated due to reduced toxicity. Today, treatment with rIFN-α2 is virtually outdated in non-hematological cancers, where other immunotherapies-e.g., immune-checkpoint inhibitors-are routinely used in several cancer types and are being intensively investigated in others, either as monotherapy or in combination with immunomodulatory agents, although only rarely in combination with rIFN-α2. Within the hematological malignancies, rIFN-α2 has been used off-label for decades in patients with Philadelphia-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs)-i.e., essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera, and myelofibrosis-and in recent years rIFN-α2 has been revived with the marketing of ropeginterferon-α2b (Besremi) for the treatment of polycythemia vera patients. Additionally, rIFN-α2 has been revived for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Another rIFN formulation-recombinant interferon-β (rIFN-β)-has been used for decades in the treatment of multiple sclerosis but has never been studied as a potential agent to be used in patients with MPNs, although several studies and reviews have repeatedly described rIFN-β as an effective anticancer agent as well. In this paper, we describe the rationales and perspectives for launching studies on the safety and efficacy of rIFN-β in patients with MPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Hasselbalch
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Vibe Skov
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lasse Kjær
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Trine A. Knudsen
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Marko Lucijanić
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Dubrava, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rajko Kusec
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Dubrava, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Fu H, Xu J, Wang F, Wang W, Kang X, Wang Z. Interferon Beta (IFN- β)-Modified Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSC) Impede Metastatic Tropism of Prostate Cancer via Modulating Transforming Growth Factor-Beta/Smads (TGF-Beta/Smads) Pathway. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.3152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The study of Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)-based treatment is still unmet needs topic in recent years, especially focusing on the therapeutic effects of genetically modified BMSCs. IFN-β acts as a critical mediator in the occurrence and progress of prostate
cancer. Additionally, its related signal transduction pathways affect malignancies. This study aims to discussion the mechanism of IFN-β-modified BMSCs in impeding the metastatic tropism of prostate cancer. A total of 40 male mice (SPF) with a clean grade were randomized into 4
groups (10 mice per group) as follows: control group, BMSCs group, IFN-β modified BMSCs group and TGF-beta/Smads inhibitor group. The following indicators were investigated: the expression level of IFN-β in IFN-β-modified BMSCs, in vitro metastatic
tropism of prostate cancer cells, quantification of TGF-beta and Smads protein, along with the targeting of IFN-β and TGF-beta/Smads. The expression of IFN-β level was significantly increased denoted in the modified BMSCs (1.82±0.42) in comparison with those
unmodified BMSCs (P < 0.05). After 48- and 72-hour culture, the proportion of migrating cells in the IFN-β-modified BMSCs group was significantly decreased than those in other groups (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, cells in the TGF-beta/Smads inhibitor group exhibited
a significantly weaker tendency to migrate in comparison with those in the control group and BMSCs group, but still showed more migrating cells compared to cells in the IFN-β-modified BMSCs group (P < 0.05). Moreover, a significant reduction of migrated cells was denoted
in the BMSCs group after 48- and 72-hour culture in comparison with the control group (P < 0.05). The weakest expression of TGF-beta/Smads proteins was denoted in the IFN-β-modified BMSCs group, followed by the TGF-beta/Smads inhibitor group, BMSCs group and control group
(P < 0.05). The TGF-beta/Smads inhibitor group exhibited significantly decreased levels of TGF-beta/Smads proteins in comparison with the control group and BMSCs group (P < 0.05). Moreover, a significant decline of TGF-beta/Smads proteins was denoted in the BMSCs group
in comparison with the control group (P < 0.05). The IFN-β gene was incubated separately with wild-type and mutant plasmids in the dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. The results indicated that the expression of IFN-β was stronger in the mutant plasmids (P
< 0.05) IFN-β-modified BMSCs can boost the entrance of IFN-β into prostate cancer cells, thereby enhancing their expression of IFN-β, which resulted in the expression impediment of TGF-beta/Smads signals, leading to an inhibited metastatic tropism of
prostate cancer cells. Its mechanism was mainly related to the TGF-beta/Smads signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Housheng Fu
- Department of Urology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570311, China
| | - Jianbing Xu
- Department of Urology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570311, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Urology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570311, China
| | - Weifu Wang
- Department of Urology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570311, China
| | - Xinli Kang
- Department of Urology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570311, China
| | - Zhongyao Wang
- Department of Urology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570311, China
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Daidone M, Cataldi M, Pinto A, Tuttolomondo A. Non-coding RNAs and other determinants of neuroinflammation and endothelial dysfunction: regulation of gene expression in the acute phase of ischemic stroke and possible therapeutic applications. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2154-2158. [PMID: 33818487 PMCID: PMC8354116 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.310607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke occurs under a variety of clinical conditions and has different pathogeneses, resulting in necrosis of brain parenchyma. Stroke pathogenesis is characterized by neuroinflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Some of the main processes triggered in the early stages of ischemic damage are the rapid activation of resident inflammatory cells (microglia, astrocytes and endothelial cells), inflammatory cytokines, and translocation of intercellular nuclear factors. Inflammation in stroke includes all the processes mentioned above, and it consists of either protective or detrimental effects concerning the "polarization" of these processes. This polarization comes out from the interaction of all the molecular pathways that regulate genome expression: the epigenetic factors. In recent years, new regulation mechanisms have been cleared, and these include non-coding RNAs, adenosine receptors, and the activity of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells and microglia. We reviewed how long non-coding RNA and microRNA have emerged as an essential mediator of some neurological diseases. We also clarified that their roles in cerebral ischemic injury may provide novel targets for the treatment of ischemic stroke. To date, we do not have adequate tools to control pathophysiological processes associated with stroke. Our goal is to review the role of non-coding RNAs and innate immune cells (such as microglia and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells) and the possible therapeutic effects of their modulation in patients with acute ischemic stroke. A better understanding of the mechanisms that influence the "polarization" of the inflammatory response after the acute event seems to be the way to change the natural history of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Daidone
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Cataldi
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Pinto
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Tuttolomondo
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, Palermo, Italy
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Zhou H, Huang L, Liang L, Chen L, Zou C, Li Z, Li R, Jian C, Zou D. Identification of an miRNA Regulatory Network and Candidate Markers for Ischemic Stroke Related to Diabetes. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:3213-3223. [PMID: 34262334 PMCID: PMC8274709 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s319503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases the risk of ischemic stroke and poor prognosis. This study aimed to identify molecular mechanisms that are dysregulated in T2DM-associated ischemic stroke and candidate genes that might serve as biomarkers. Methods The top 25% variance genes in the GSE21321 and GSE22255 datasets were analyzed for coexpression. The differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRs) between patients with T2DM or ischemic stroke and controls were analyzed. Then, the union of overlapping coexpressed genes and overlapping DEmRs was analyzed. The miRNAs differentially expressed in T2DM-associated ischemic stroke were also analyzed. CIBERSORT was used to evaluate the levels of infiltration by immune cells in T2DM-associated stroke. Results Thirteen coexpression modules were identified in T2DM and 10 in ischemic stroke, and 594 module genes were shared between the two conditions. A total of 4452 mRNAs differentially expressed between T2DM patients and controls were identified, as were 2390 mRNAs differentially expressed between ischemic stroke and controls. The 771 union genes were enriched mainly in immune-related biological functions and signaling pathways. UBE2N, TGFB3, EXOSC1, and VIM were identified as candidate markers. In addition, we identified miR-576-3p as having the most regulatory roles in both T2DM and ischemic stroke. Mast cell activation was significantly down-regulated in T2DM but up-regulated in ischemic stroke. Conclusion These findings provide numerous testable hypotheses about the pathways underlying T2DM-associated ischemic stroke, which may help identify therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Guiping, Guiping, Guangxi, 537200, People's Republic of China
| | - Liujia Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The People's Hospital of Guiping, Guiping, Guangxi, 537200, People's Republic of China
| | - Lucong Liang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Liechun Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Zou
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongjie Li
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongdong Jian
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533000, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghua Zou
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China
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11
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Thinking outside the Ischemia Box: Advancements in the Use of Multiple Sclerosis Drugs in Ischemic Stroke. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10040630. [PMID: 33562264 PMCID: PMC7914575 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a major cause of death and disability, despite early intervention. Thrombo-inflammation, the inflammatory process triggered by ischemia, is a concept that ties IS with multiple sclerosis (MS), under the wider ‘umbrella’ of neuroinflammation, i.e., the inflammation of the nervous tissue. Drawing from this, numerous studies have explored the potential of MS disease-modifying drugs in the setting of IS. In this review, we present the available studies and discuss their potential in ameliorating IS outcomes. Based on our search, the vast majority of the studies have been conducted on animals, yielding mostly positive results. Two clinical trials involving natalizumab showed that it does not confer any benefits, but four human studies regarding fingolimod have showcased its potential in improving recovery prospects. However, concerns on safety and other issues are raised, and basic questions still need to be answered.
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12
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Procyanidins exhibits neuroprotective activities against cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury by inhibiting TLR4-NLRP3 inflammasome signal pathway. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:3283-3293. [PMID: 32729095 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05610-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is a serious cardiovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality rates that affects millions of people worldwide.Currently, the only therapy with proven efficacy for acute ischemic stroke is alteplase, however, it still has many shortcomings and limitations. Therefore,we screen new compounds from traditional Chinese medicine to explore their efficacy against ischemic reperfusion injury. Procyanidins, a natural productextracted from grapes seed, which have been shown can ameliorate cerebral ischemic injury. However, the underlying mechanism is still not very clear. Theaim of this study was to investigate the effect of procyanidins on middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R)-mediated cerebral ischemic injuryand its underlying possible mechanisms. METHODS SD rats were used to evaluate the effect of procyanidins on MCAO/R induced cerebral ischemic injury in vivo. Histological analysis was used toassess neuronal apoptosis. Cell signaling was assayed by Western blot. RESULTS In this study, we found that procyanidins can significantly ameliorate the middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R)-mediatedneurological deficits, and relieved brain edema, cerebral infarction volume, histopathological damage and apoptosis in rats. In addition, procyanidins canalso markedly inhibit MCAO/R and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-mediated activation of TLR4-p38-NF-κB-NLRP3 signalingpathway in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, procyanidins can inhibit MCAO/R and OGD/R-induced the production of inflammatory cytokines such asinterleukin-1β (IL-1β) in vitro and in vivo. Besides, treatment with TLR4 inhibitor (Cli-095) in BV2 cell also shows the same effect. CONCLUSION Altogether, these data suggested that procyanidins exerted a potential neuroprotective effect may by inhibit the TLR4-p38-NF-κB-NLRP3signaling pathway in the brain in MCAO/R rats.
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Datta A, Sarmah D, Kalia K, Borah A, Wang X, Dave KR, Yavagal DR, Bhattacharya P. Advances in Studies on Stroke-Induced Secondary Neurodegeneration (SND) and Its Treatment. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:1154-1168. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200416090820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The occurrence of secondary neurodegeneration has exclusively been observed
after the first incidence of stroke. In humans and rodents, post-stroke secondary neurodegeneration
(SND) is an inevitable event that can lead to progressive neuronal loss at a region distant to initial infarct.
SND can lead to cognitive and motor function impairment, finally causing dementia. The exact
pathophysiology of the event is yet to be explored. It is seen that the thalami, in particular, are susceptible
to cause SND. The reason behind this is because the thalamus functioning as the relay center and is
positioned as an interlocked structure with direct synaptic signaling connection with the cortex. As SND
proceeds, accumulation of misfolded proteins and microglial activation are seen in the thalamus. This
leads to increased neuronal loss and worsening of functional and cognitive impairment.
Objective:
There is a necessity of specific interventions to prevent post-stroke SND, which are not properly
investigated to date owing to sparsely reproducible pre-clinical and clinical data. The basis of this
review is to investigate about post-stroke SND and its updated treatment approaches carefully.
Methods:
Our article presents a detailed survey of advances in studies on stroke-induced secondary neurodegeneration
(SND) and its treatment.
Results:
This article aims to put forward the pathophysiology of SND. We have also tabulated the latest
treatment approaches along with different neuroimaging systems that will be helpful for future reference
to explore.
Conclusion:
In this article, we have reviewed the available reports on SND pathophysiology, detection
techniques, and possible treatment modalities that have not been attempted to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishika Datta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Deepaneeta Sarmah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kunjan R. Dave
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Dileep R. Yavagal
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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Han X, Wang C, Tang D, Shi Y, Gao M. Association of genetic polymorphisms in chromosome 9p21 with risk of ischemic stroke. Cytokine 2020; 127:154921. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Veeresh P, Kaur H, Sarmah D, Mounica L, Verma G, Kotian V, Kesharwani R, Kalia K, Borah A, Wang X, Dave KR, Rodriguez AM, Yavagal DR, Bhattacharya P. Endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria crosstalk: from junction to function across neurological disorders. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1457:41-60. [PMID: 31460675 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are fundamental organelles highly interconnected with a specialized set of proteins in cells. ER-mitochondrial interconnections form specific microdomains, called mitochondria-associated ER membranes, that have been found to play important roles in calcium signaling and lipid homeostasis, and more recently in mitochondrial dynamics, inflammation, and autophagy. It is not surprising that perturbations in ER-mitochondria connections can result in the progression of disease, especially neurological disorders; hence, their architecture and regulation are crucial in determining the fate of cells and disease. The molecular identity of the specialized proteins regulating ER-mitochondrial crosstalk remains unclear. Our discussion here describes the physical and functional crosstalk between these two dynamic organelles and emphasizes the outcome of altered ER-mitochondrial interconnections in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pabbala Veeresh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Deepaneeta Sarmah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.,Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955, UPEC, Cretéil, France
| | - Leela Mounica
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Geetesh Verma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Vignesh Kotian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Radhika Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kunjan R Dave
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Anne-Marie Rodriguez
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955, UPEC, Cretéil, France
| | - Dileep R Yavagal
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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Kotian V, Sarmah D, Kaur H, Kesharwani R, Verma G, Mounica L, Veeresh P, Kalia K, Borah A, Wang X, Dave KR, Yavagal DR, Bhattacharya P. Evolving Evidence of Calreticulin as a Pharmacological Target in Neurological Disorders. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2629-2646. [PMID: 31017385 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Calreticulin (CALR), a lectin-like ER chaperone, was initially known only for its housekeeping function, but today it is recognized for many versatile roles in different compartments of a cell. Apart from canonical roles in protein folding and calcium homeostasis, it performs a variety of noncanonical roles, mostly in CNS development. In the past, studies have linked Calreticulin with various other biological components which are detrimental in deciding the fate of neurons. Many neurological disorders that differ in their etiology are commonly associated with aberrant levels of Calreticulin, that lead to modulation of apoptosis and phagocytosis, and impact on transcriptional pathways, impairment in proteostatis, and calcium imbalances. Such multifaceted properties of Calreticulin are the reason why it has been implicated in vital roles of the nervous system in recent years. Hence, understanding its role in the physiology of neurons would help to unearth its involvement in the spectrum of neurological disorders. This Review aims toward exploring the interplay of Calreticulin in neurological disorders which would aid in targeting Calreticulin for developing novel neurotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Kotian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Deepaneeta Sarmah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Radhika Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Geetesh Verma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Leela Mounica
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Pabbala Veeresh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam 788011, India
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Kunjan R. Dave
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Dileep R. Yavagal
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
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Kesharwani R, Sarmah D, Kaur H, Mounika L, Verma G, Pabbala V, Kotian V, Kalia K, Borah A, Dave KR, Yavagal DR, Bhattacharya P. Interplay between Mitophagy and Inflammasomes in Neurological Disorders. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2195-2208. [PMID: 30917655 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy and inflammasomes have a pivotal role in the development of neuropathology. Molecular mechanisms behind mitophagy and inflammasomes are well-understood, but lacunae prevail in understanding the crosstalk between them in various neurological disorders. As mitochondrial dysfunction is the prime event in neurodegeneration, the clearance of impaired mitochondria is one of the main tasks for maintaining cell integrity in the majority of neuropathologies. Along with it, inflammasome activation also plays a major role, which is usually followed by mitochondrial dysfunction. The present review highlights basics of autophagy, mitophagy, and inflammasomes and the molecular mechanisms involved, and more importantly, it tries to elaborate the interplay between mitophagy and inflammasomes in various neurological disorders. This will help in upgrading the reader's understanding in exploring the link between mitophagy and inflammasomes, which has dealt with limitations in past studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar-382 355, Gujarat, India
| | - Deepaneeta Sarmah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar-382 355, Gujarat, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar-382 355, Gujarat, India
| | - Leela Mounika
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar-382 355, Gujarat, India
| | - Geetesh Verma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar-382 355, Gujarat, India
| | - Veeresh Pabbala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar-382 355, Gujarat, India
| | - Vignesh Kotian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar-382 355, Gujarat, India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar-382 355, Gujarat, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar-788 011, Assam, India
| | - Kunjan R. Dave
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Dileep R. Yavagal
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar-382 355, Gujarat, India
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Wanve M, Kaur H, Sarmah D, Saraf J, Pravalika K, Vats K, Kalia K, Borah A, Yavagal DR, Dave KR, Bhattacharya P. Therapeutic spectrum of interferon-β in ischemic stroke. J Neurosci Res 2018; 97:116-127. [PMID: 30320448 PMCID: PMC7167007 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is devastating and a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. To date, only clot retrieval devices and/or intravenous tissue plasminogen activators (tPA) have been approved by the US-FDA for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an effective treatment for stroke that can have limited shortcomings and broad spectrum of applications. Interferon-beta (IFN-β), an endogenous cytokine and a key anti-inflammatory agent, contributes toward obviating deleterious stroke outcomes. Therefore, exploring the role of IFN-β may be a promising alternative approach for stroke intervention in the future. In the present review, we have discussed about IFN-β along with its different mechanistic roles in ischemic stroke. Furthermore, therapeutic approaches targeting the inflammatory cascade with IFN-β therapy that may be helpful in improving stroke outcome are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Wanve
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)GandhinagarIndia
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)GandhinagarIndia
| | - Deepaneeta Sarmah
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)GandhinagarIndia
| | - Jackson Saraf
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)GandhinagarIndia
| | - Kanta Pravalika
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)GandhinagarIndia
| | - Kanchan Vats
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)GandhinagarIndia
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)GandhinagarIndia
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and BioinformaticsAssam UniversitySilcharIndia
| | - Dileep R. Yavagal
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFlorida
| | - Kunjan R. Dave
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFlorida
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)GandhinagarIndia
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