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Galchenko A, Rizzo G, Sidorova E, Skliar E, Baroni L, Visaggi P, Guidi G, de Bortoli N. Bone mineral density parameters and related nutritional factors in vegans, lacto-ovo-vegetarians, and omnivores: a cross-sectional study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1390773. [PMID: 38919395 PMCID: PMC11196821 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1390773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The growing prevalence of vegetarianism determines the need for comprehensive study of the impact of these diets on health and particularly on bone metabolism. We hypothesized that significant dietary differences between vegans, lacto-ovo-vegetarians, and omnivores also cause significant differences in their nutrient status, which may affect bone health. Methods The study assessed dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry parameters in lumbar spine and femoral neck, average nutrient intake, serum nutrient concentrations, serum PTH levels, and urinary pH among 46 vegans, 38 lacto-ovo-vegetarians, and 44 omnivores. Results There were no differences in bone mineral density (BMD) between the groups. However, the parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were still higher in vegans compared to omnivores, despite the same prevalence of hyperparathyroidism in all groups. These findings may probably be explained by the fact that each group had its own "strengths and weaknesses." Thus, vegans and, to a lesser extent, lacto-ovo-vegetarians consumed much more potassium, magnesium, copper, manganese, and vitamins B6, B9, and C. At the same time, the diet of omnivores contained more protein and vitamins D and B12. All the subjects consumed less vitamin D than recommended. More than half of vegans and omnivores had insufficiency or even deficiency of vitamin D in the blood. Low serum concentrations of manganese with its quite adequate intake are also noteworthy: its deficiency was observed in 57% of vegans, 79% of lacto-ovo-vegetarians, and 63% of omnivores. Discussion Currently, it is no longer possible to conclude that lacto-ovo-vegetarians have lower BMD than omnivores, as our research supported. Vegans in our study also did not demonstrate lower BMD values, only higher PTH blood concentrations, compared to omnivores, however, a large number of studies, including recent, show the opposite view. In this regard, further large-scale research is required. Vegans and lacto-ovo-vegetarians now have a variety of foods fortified with vitamins D and B12, as well as calcium. There is also a great diversity of ethically sourced dietary supplements. The found low concentrations of manganese require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Galchenko
- Scientific Society for Vegetarian Nutrition, Venice, Italy
- Earth Philosophical Society “Melodia Vitae”, International, Toronto, CA, Canada
| | | | | | - Elena Skliar
- Earth Philosophical Society “Melodia Vitae”, International, Toronto, CA, Canada
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Luciana Baroni
- Scientific Society for Vegetarian Nutrition, Venice, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Visaggi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giada Guidi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicola de Bortoli
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- NUTRAFOOD, Interdepartmental Center for Nutraceutical Research and Nutrition for Health, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Zhang Y, Hu Y, Wang S, Li Z, Cai G, Shen H, Sheng S, Chen X, Weng W, Zhang W, Chen Y, Su J. Linking the relationship between dietary folic acid intake and risk of osteoporosis among middle-aged and older people: A nationwide population-based study. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:4110-4121. [PMID: 38873490 PMCID: PMC11167173 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Among middle-aged and older people, balanced and nutritious diets are the foundation for maintaining bone health and preventing osteoporosis. This study is aimed at investigating the link between dietary folic acid intake and the risk of osteoporosis among middle-aged and older people. A total of 20,686 people from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2010 are screened and included, and 5312 people aged ≥45 years with integral data are ultimately enrolled in evaluation. Demographics and dietary intake-related data are gathered and analyzed, and the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of each tertile category of dietary folic acid intake and each unit increase in folic acid are assessed via multivariate logistic regression models. On this basis, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is used to identify the optimal cutoff value of dietary folic acid intake for indicating the risk of osteoporosis. Of 5312 people with a mean age of 62.4 ± 11.0 years old, a total of 513 people with osteoporosis are screened, and the dietary folic acid intake amount of the osteoporosis group is significantly lower than that of the non-osteoporosis group (p < .001). The lowest tertile category is then used to act as a reference category, and a higher dietary folic acid intake amount is observed to be positively related to lower odds for risk of osteoporosis. This trend is also not changed in adjustments for combinations of different covariates (p all < .05). Based on this, a dietary folic acid intake of 475.5 μg/day is identified as an optimal cutoff value for revealing osteoporosis. Collectively, this nationwide population-based study reveals that a higher daily dietary folic acid intake has potential protective effects on osteoporosis in middle-aged and older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan‐Wei Zhang
- Department of OrthopaedicsXinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Institute of Translational MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- Organoid Research CenterShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU BranchShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of OrthopaedicsXinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Institute of Translational MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- Organoid Research CenterShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU BranchShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Si‐Cheng Wang
- Institute of Translational MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- Organoid Research CenterShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU BranchShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Zhongye HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Zu‐Hao Li
- Department of OrthopaedicsXinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Institute of Translational MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- Organoid Research CenterShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU BranchShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Gui‐Quan Cai
- Department of OrthopaedicsXinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of OrthopaedicsXinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shi‐Hao Sheng
- Department of OrthopaedicsXinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of OrthopaedicsXinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Institute of Translational MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- Organoid Research CenterShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU BranchShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wei‐Zong Weng
- Institute of Translational MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- Organoid Research CenterShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU BranchShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wen‐Cai Zhang
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanning Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanningGuangxiChina
| | - Jia‐Can Su
- Department of OrthopaedicsXinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Institute of Translational MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- Organoid Research CenterShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU BranchShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
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Dong WC, Guo JL, Jiang XH, Xu L, Wang H, Ni XY, Zhang YZ, Zhang ZQ, Jiang Y. A more accurate indicator to evaluate oxidative stress in rat plasma with osteoporosis. RSC Adv 2023; 13:1267-1277. [PMID: 36686958 PMCID: PMC9813688 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05572d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: oxidative stress is linked to various human diseases which developed into the idea of "disrupted redox signaling". Osteoporosis (OP) is a chronic skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mineral density and deterioration of bone microarchitecture among which estrogen deficiency is the main cause. Lack of estrogen leads to the imbalance between oxidation and anti-oxidation in patients, and oxidative stress is an important link in the pathogenesis of OP. The ratio of the reduced to the oxidized thiols can characterize the redox status. However, few methods have been reported for the simultaneous determination of reduced forms and their oxidized forms of thiols in plasma. Methods: we developed a hollow fiber centrifugal ultrafiltration (HFCF-UF) method for sample preparation and validated a high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method to determine two reduced forms of thiols-homocysteine (Hcy), cysteine (Cys) levels and their respective oxidized compounds, homocystine (HHcy) and cystine (Cyss) in rat plasma simultaneously for the first time. Thirty-six female rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control (NC), oxidative stress (ovariectomy, OVX) and ovariectomy with hydrogen-rich saline administration (OVX + HRS). Results: the validation parameters for the methodological results were within the acceptance criteria. There were both significant differences of Hcy/HHcy (Hcy reduced/oxidized) and Cys/Cyss (Cys reduced/oxidized) in rat plasma between three groups with both p < 0.05 and meanwhile, the p values of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were all less than 0.01. The value of both Hcy/HHcy and Cys/Cyss were significantly decreased with the change of Micro-CT scan result of femoral neck in OVX group (both the trabecular thickness and trabecular number significantly decreased with a significant increase of trabecular separation) which demonstrate OP occurs. The change of Hcy/HHcy is more obvious and prominent than Cys/Cyss. Conclusions: the Hcy/HHcy and Cys/Cyss could be suitable biomarkers for oxidative stress and especially Hcy/HHcy is more sensitive. The developed method is simple and accurate. It can be easily applied in clinical research to further evaluate the oxidative stress indicator for disease risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chong Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University215# Heping West RoadShijiazhuangHebei Province 050051China,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University361# East Zhongshan RoadShijiazhuangHebei Province 050017China
| | - Jia-Liang Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University139# Ziqiang RoadShijiazhuangHebei Province 050000China
| | - Xin-Hui Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aerospace Central HospitalBeijing 100049China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebei Province 050051China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University361# East Zhongshan RoadShijiazhuangHebei Province 050017China
| | - Xiao-yu Ni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University361# East Zhongshan RoadShijiazhuangHebei Province 050017China
| | - Ying-Ze Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University139# Ziqiang RoadShijiazhuangHebei Province 050000China
| | - Zhi-Qing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University215# Heping West RoadShijiazhuangHebei Province 050051China
| | - Ye Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University361# East Zhongshan RoadShijiazhuangHebei Province 050017China
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Fu L, Wang Y, Hu YQ. Inferring causal effects of homocysteine and B-vitamin concentrations on bone mineral density and fractures: Mendelian randomization analyses. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1037546. [PMID: 36518252 PMCID: PMC9742470 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1037546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives In the progress of bone metabolism, homocysteine (Hcy) and B vitamins play substantial roles. However, the causal associations of homocysteine, B-vitamin concentrations with bone mineral density (BMD), and fractures remain unclear. Therefore, we employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) design to infer the causal effects of Hcy and B vitamins on BMD and fractures. Methods We selected instrumental variables from large genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Specifically, the exposures mainly included Hcy (sample size: 44,147), vitamin B12 (sample size: 45,576), folate (sample size: 37,465), and vitamin B6 (sample size: 1,864). The outcome variables included total body BMD (sample size: 66,628), heel BMD (sample size: 142,487), femoral neck BMD (sample size: 32,735), lumbar spine BMD (sample size: 28,498), and forearm BMD (sample size: 8143). Additionally, the total body BMD in several age strata was also included. Furthermore, the fractures of the forearm, femoral neck, lumbar spine, heel corresponding with the BMD regions, and femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD in men and women, separately, were added as additional outcomes. Two-sample MR approaches were utilized in this study. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was adopted as the main analysis. MR-PRESSO, MR-Egger, the weighted median estimate, and multivariable MR were performed as sensitivity methods. Results In the main analysis, Hcy concentrations have an inverse association with heel BMD (Beta = 0.046, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.073 to -0.019, P = 9.59E-04) per SD unit. In addition, for one SD increase of vitamin B12, the total body BMD decreased 0.083 unit (95%CI -0.126 to -0.040, P = 1.65E-04). The trend was more obvious in age over 45 years (Beta = -0.135, 95%CI -0.203-0.067, P = 9.86E-05 for age 45-60; Beta = -0.074, 95%CI -0.141 to -0.007, P = 0.031 for age over 60 years). No association of B vitamins and Hcy levels with the risk of fractures and femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD in men and women was found in this study. Other sensitivity MR methods elucidated consistent results. Conclusions Our findings indicated that there exist the inversely causal effects of Hcy and vitamin B12 on BMD in certain body sites and age strata. These give novel clues for intervening bone-related diseases in public health and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwan Fu
- Center for Non-Communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yuquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Institute of Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue-Qing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Institute of Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Fu L, Wang Y, Hu YQ. Causal effects of B vitamins and homocysteine on obesity and musculoskeletal diseases: A Mendelian randomization study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1048122. [PMID: 36505230 PMCID: PMC9731309 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1048122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Although homocysteine (Hcy) increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, its effects on obesity and musculoskeletal diseases remain unclear. We performed a Mendelian randomization study to estimate the associations between Hcy and B vitamin concentrations and their effects on obesity and musculoskeletal-relevant diseases in the general population. Methods We selected independent single nucleotide polymorphisms of Hcy (n = 44,147), vitamin B12 (n = 45,576), vitamin B6 (n = 1864), and folate (n = 37,465) at the genome-wide significance level as instruments and applied them to the studies of summary-level data for fat and musculoskeletal phenotypes from the UK Biobank study (n = 331,117), the FinnGen consortium (n = 218,792), and other consortia. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approaches were utilized in this study. The inverse variance weighting (IVW) was adopted as the main analysis. MR-PRESSO, MR-Egger, the weighted median estimate, bidirectional MR, and multivariable MR were performed as sensitivity methods. Results Higher Hcy concentrations were robustly associated with an increased risk of knee osteoarthritis [odds ratio (OR) 1.119; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.032-1.214; P = 0.007], hospital-diagnosed osteoarthritis (OR 1.178; 95% CI 1.012-1.37; P = 0.034), osteoporosis with pathological fracture (OR 1.597; 95% CI 1.036-2.46; P = 0.034), and soft tissue disorder (OR 1.069; 95% CI 1.001-1.141; P = 0.045) via an inverse variance weighting method and other MR approaches. Higher vitamin B12 levels were robustly associated with decreased body fat percentage and its subtypes (all P < 0.05). Bidirectional analyses showed no reverse causation. Multivariable MR analyses and other sensitivity analyses showed directionally similar results. Conclusions There exist significant causal effects of vitamin B12 in the serum and Hcy in the blood on fat and musculoskeletal diseases, respectively. These findings may have an important insight into the pathogenesis of obesity and musculoskeletal diseases and other possible future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwan Fu
- Center for Non-Communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Liwan Fu
| | - Yuquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Institute of Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue-Qing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Institute of Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Yue-Qing Hu
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Rondanelli M, Tartara A, Fossari F, Vecchio V, Faliva MA, Naso M, Perna S, Nichetti M, Peroni G. Adequate intake and supplementation of B vitamins, in particular folic acid, can play a protective role in bone health. Curr Aging Sci 2021; 15:110-120. [PMID: 34610784 DOI: 10.2174/1874609814666211005101730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In vitro and animal model studies have shown that B vitamins (VB) deficiency have negative consequences on bone, as a result of direct or mediated activity of hyperhomocysteinemia. However, there are still no precise indications regarding a possible VB role in order to maintain bone health. So, the aim of this narrative review was to consider the state of the art on correlation between VB dietary intake, blood levels and supplementation and bone health (bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover markers and fractures risk) in humans. This review included 29 eligible studies. Considering VB blood levels, the 14 studies considered have shown that low serum folate can be a factor risk for reduced BMD and fractures in elderly, particularly women; no independent association was found for other VB. Studies that evaluate relationship between VB dietary intake and BMD are only 2; one, conducted on 1869 women, demonstrated a positive effect of folate intake on BMD, another demonstrated a dose-dependent inverse relationship between vitamin B6 dietary intake and risk of hip fracture, but only for 35298 female participants. Regarding the relationship between BV supplementation and bone health (9 studies with only VB and 4 with other nutrients), all studies that considered patients with hyperhomocysteinemia or with low folate blood levels, are in agreement in demonstrating that folate supplementation (500mcg-5mg) is useful in improving BMD. In conclusion, a request for folate and homocysteine blood levels in elderly patients with osteopenia/osteoporosis is mandatory. For patients with hyperhomocysteinemia or with low folate blood levels, folate supplementation (500mcg-5mg) is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice Tartara
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ''Istituto Santa Margherita'', University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Federica Fossari
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ''Istituto Santa Margherita'', University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Viviana Vecchio
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ''Istituto Santa Margherita'', University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Milena Anna Faliva
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ''Istituto Santa Margherita'', University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Maurizio Naso
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ''Istituto Santa Margherita'', University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Simone Perna
- Department of Biology, University of Bahrain, College of Science, Sakhir Campus P. O. Box 32038. Bahrain
| | - Mara Nichetti
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ''Istituto Santa Margherita'', University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Gabriella Peroni
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ''Istituto Santa Margherita'', University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
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Garcia-Alfaro P, Rodriguez I, Pascual MA. Evaluation of the relationship between homocysteine levels and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Climacteric 2021; 25:179-185. [PMID: 33982610 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2021.1921729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to evaluate the relationship between homocysteine (Hcy) levels and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. METHODS The present, cross-sectional study included 760 postmenopausal women. The following variables were recorded: age, age at menopause, body mass index (BMI), BMD (measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry [DXA] scanning and expressed as lumbar, femoral neck and total hip T-scores), smoking status, biochemical parameters (Hcy, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D and parathormone levels) and vitamin D supplementation. RESULTS The mean age of the sample population was 56.4 ± 5.77 years and the mean age at menopause was 49.9 ± 3.62 years. The mean BMI was 25.2 ± 4.49 kg/m2. In the current study, a comparison of the subjects with osteoporosis, osteopenia and normal BMD revealed that the subjects in the low BMD group were significantly older (p < 0.001), had a lower age at menopause (p < 0.001) and had lower BMI (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference among the groups with regard to the plasma levels of Hcy (p = 0.946). The levels of Hcy were positively correlated to the creatinine levels (r = 0.21). The present study did not observe any significant correlations between the Hcy levels and other parameters. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, 15.3% of the subjects had hyperhomocysteinemia and 62.11% had low BMD. The current results obtained from a group of postmenopausal women suggest that the plasma levels of Hcy are not related to BMD in the lumbar spine (L1-L4), femoral neck and total hip. In the current study, age, age at menopause and low BMI were observed to be associated with low BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Garcia-Alfaro
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Woman's Health Dexeus, Hospital Universitario Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Rodriguez
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Woman's Health Dexeus, Hospital Universitario Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M A Pascual
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Woman's Health Dexeus, Hospital Universitario Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain
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Wang P, Liu L, Lei SF. Causal effects of homocysteine levels on the changes of bone mineral density and risk for bone fracture: A two-sample mendelian randomization study. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:1588-1595. [PMID: 33744603 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Observational studies have demonstrated the relations of homocysteine (HCY) with bone mineral density (BMD) and bone fracture risk, but yielding contradictory results. The present study was conducted to evaluate whether the genetically predicted plasma HCY levels were causally associated with the change of BMD and the risk of bone fracture. METHODS Genetic summary statistics were extracted from genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of plasma HCY levels (n = 44,147), GWAS meta-analyses of measured forearm (FA), femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) BMD (n = up to 32,735), UK Biobank estimated heel BMD (eBMD) (n = 426,824) and fracture (n = 426,795) GWAS data. Two Sample Mendelian Randomization (TSMR) analysis was performed to assess the causal effects of genetically determined plasma HCY on the BMD and bone fractures. RESULTS The MR analysis indicated that, genetically decreased plasma HCY was associated with the increased FA-BMD based on the inverse variance weighting (IVW) method (standard deviation [SD] = 0.348, 95% CI: 0.146 to 0.550, P = 7 × 10-4). However, there were no significant associations of genetically decreased plasma HCY with FN-BMD, LS-BMD, eBMD and the risk for bone fracture (SD = -0.041, 95% CI: -0.189 to 0.106, P = 0.582; SD = -0.053, 95% CI: -0.238 to 0.131, P = 0.572; SD = -0.030, 95% CI: -0.090 to 0.030, P = 0.328, odds ratio [OR]: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.94 to 1.13, P = 0.562, respectively). Moreover, the results also found that genetically determined HCY increase was not correlated with the changes of BMD and the risk for bone fracture. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that genetically decreased plasma HCY was associated with increase of FA-BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University Medical College, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive & Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu-Feng Lei
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University Medical College, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive & Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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Li Q, Hu L, Li J, Yu P, Hu F, Wan B, Xu M, Cheng H, Yu W, Jiang L, Shi Y, Li J, Duan M, Long Y, Liu WT. Hydrogen Attenuates Endotoxin-Induced Lung Injury by Activating Thioredoxin 1 and Decreasing Tissue Factor Expression. Front Immunol 2021; 12:625957. [PMID: 33767697 PMCID: PMC7985449 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.625957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Endotoxin-induced lung injury is one of the major causes of death induced by endotoxemia, however, few effective therapeutic options exist. Hydrogen inhalation has recently been shown to be an effective treatment for inflammatory lung injury, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. In the current study we aim to investigate how hydrogen attenuates endotoxin-induced lung injury and provide reference values for the clinical application of hydrogen. LPS was used to establish an endotoxin-induced lung injury mouse model. The survival rate and pulmonary pathologic changes were evaluated. THP-1 and HUVECC cells were cultured in vitro. The thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) inhibitor was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of hydrogen. Hydrogen significantly improved the survival rate of mice, reduced pulmonary edema and hemorrhage, infiltration of neutrophils, and IL-6 secretion. Inhalation of hydrogen decreased tissue factor (TF) expression and MMP-9 activity, while Trx1 expression was increased in the lungs and serum of endotoxemia mice. LPS-stimulated THP-1 and HUVEC-C cells in vitro and showed that hydrogen decreases TF expression and MMP-9 activity, which were abolished by the Trx1 inhibitor, PX12. Hydrogen attenuates endotoxin-induced lung injury by decreasing TF expression and MMP-9 activity via activating Trx1. Targeting Trx1 by hydrogen may be a potential treatment for endotoxin-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangning Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling College Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pan Yu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangning Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Miaomiao Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling College Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huixian Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanyou Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangning Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangning Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yadan Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangning Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jincan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Manlin Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling College Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Long
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangning Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Tao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangning Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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10
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Cui Z, Feng H, He B, He J, Tian Y. Relationship Between Serum Amino Acid Levels and Bone Mineral Density: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:763538. [PMID: 34858335 PMCID: PMC8630695 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.763538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore the association between serum amino acids (AAs) levels and bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to analyze the associations between the levels of eight AAs and BMD values by using summary-level genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. We applied the MR Steiger filtering method and MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) global test to check for and remove single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were horizontally pleiotropic. The associations were estimated with the inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median and MR Robust Adjusted Profile Score (MR.RAPS) methods. RESULTS Our study found that genetically increased isoleucine (Ile) [IVW: effect = 0.1601, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.0604 ~ 0.2597, p = 0.0016] and valine (Val) levels (IVW: effect = 0.0953, 95% CI = 0.0251 ~ 0.1655, p = 0.0078) were positively associated with total body BMD (TB-BMD). The results also revealed that genetically increased tyrosine (Tyr) levels were negatively associated with TB-BMD (IVW: effect = -0.1091, 95% CI = -0.1863 ~ -0.0320, p = 0.0055). CONCLUSIONS In this study, associations between serum AA levels and BMD were established. These findings underscore the important role that serum AAs play in the development of osteoporosis and provide evidence that osteoporosis can be prevented and treated by the intake of certain AAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Baichuan He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyao He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yun Tian,
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11
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Naik AA, Narayanan A, Khanchandani P, Sridharan D, Sukumar P, Srimadh Bhagavatam SK, Seshagiri PB, Sivaramakrishnan V. Systems analysis of avascular necrosis of femoral head using integrative data analysis and literature mining delineates pathways associated with disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18099. [PMID: 33093559 PMCID: PMC7581770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Avascular necrosis of femoral head (AVNFH) is a debilitating disease, which affects the middle aged population. Though the disease is managed using bisphosphonate, it eventually leads to total hip replacement due to collapse of femoral head. Studies regarding the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms with AVNFH, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, biophysical, ultrastructural and histopathology have been carried out. Functional validation of SNPs was carried out using literature. An integrated systems analysis using the available datasets might help to gain further insights into the disease process. We have carried out an analysis of transcriptomic data from GEO-database, SNPs associated with AVNFH, proteomic and metabolomic data collected from literature. Based on deficiency of vitamins in AVNFH, an enzyme-cofactor network was generated. The datasets are analyzed using ClueGO and the genes are binned into pathways. Metabolomic datasets are analyzed using MetaboAnalyst. Centrality analysis using CytoNCA on the data sets showed cystathionine beta synthase and methylmalonyl-CoA-mutase to be common to 3 out of 4 datasets. Further, the genes common to at least two data sets were analyzed using DisGeNET, which showed their involvement with various diseases, most of which were risk factors associated with AVNFH. Our analysis shows elevated homocysteine, hypoxia, coagulation, Osteoclast differentiation and endochondral ossification as the major pathways associated with disease which correlated with histopathology, IHC, MRI, Micro-Raman spectroscopy etc. The analysis shows AVNFH to be a multi-systemic disease and provides molecular signatures that are characteristic to the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Ashok Naik
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthinilayam, Andhra Pradesh, 515 134, India
| | - Aswath Narayanan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthinilayam, Andhra Pradesh, 515 134, India
| | - Prakash Khanchandani
- Department of Orthopedics, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Sciences, Prasanthigram, Andhra Pradesh, 515 134, India.
| | - Divya Sridharan
- Molecular Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Bangalore, India
| | - Piruthivi Sukumar
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sai Krishna Srimadh Bhagavatam
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthinilayam, Andhra Pradesh, 515 134, India
| | - Polani B Seshagiri
- Molecular Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Bangalore, India
| | - Venketesh Sivaramakrishnan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthinilayam, Andhra Pradesh, 515 134, India.
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12
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Álvarez-Cienfuegos A, Cantero-Nieto L, García-Gomez JA, Callejas-Rubio JL, González-Gay MA, Ortego-Centeno N. Association Between Homocysteine Serum Level and Bone Mineral Density in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Clin Densitom 2020; 23:561-567. [PMID: 31005409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J A García-Gomez
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - J L Callejas-Rubio
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - M A González-Gay
- Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain; School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - N Ortego-Centeno
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
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13
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De Martinis M, Sirufo MM, Nocelli C, Fontanella L, Ginaldi L. Hyperhomocysteinemia is Associated with Inflammation, Bone Resorption, Vitamin B12 and Folate Deficiency and MTHFR C677T Polymorphism in Postmenopausal Women with Decreased Bone Mineral Density. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4260. [PMID: 32549258 PMCID: PMC7345373 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is an age-related bone disease, affecting mainly postmenopausal women, characterized by decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and consequent risk of fractures. Homocysteine (Hcy), a sulfur-aminoacid whose serum level is regulated by methylenetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) activity and vitamin B12 and folate as cofactors, is a risk factor for inflammatory diseases. Literature data concerning the link between Hcy and osteoporosis are still debated. The aim of our study was to assess the relationship among Hcy and BMD, inflammation, vitamin status and bone turnover in postmenopausal osteoporosis. In 252 postmenopausal women, BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). In addition to serum Hcy, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and bone turnover markers (bone alkaline phosphatase-BAP, osteocalcin-OC, C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), vitamin deficiencies and MTHFR-C677T polymorphism were evaluated. Hcy, inflammation, bone resorption markers and prevalence of C677T polymorphism were higher, whereas vitamin D, B12, folate, and bone formation markers were lower in women with decreased BMD compared to those with normal BMD. Our results suggest a significant association between Hcy, BMD and inflammation in postmenopausal osteoporosis. The regulation of Hcy overproduction and the modulation of the inflammatory substrate could represent additional therapeutic approaches for osteoporosis prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo De Martinis
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.M.S.); (L.G.)
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the diagnosis and treatment of Osteoporosis, AUSL 04, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Maria Maddalena Sirufo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.M.S.); (L.G.)
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the diagnosis and treatment of Osteoporosis, AUSL 04, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Lara Fontanella
- Department of Legal and Social Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 65127 Pescara, Italy;
| | - Lia Ginaldi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.M.S.); (L.G.)
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the diagnosis and treatment of Osteoporosis, AUSL 04, 64100 Teramo, Italy
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14
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Cabrera D, Kruger M, Wolber FM, Roy NC, Fraser K. Effects of short- and long-term glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis on plasma metabolome and lipidome of ovariectomized sheep. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:349. [PMID: 32503480 PMCID: PMC7275480 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the metabolic and lipidomic changes that accompany bone loss in osteoporosis might provide insights about the mechanisms behind molecular changes and facilitate developing new drugs or nutritional strategies for osteoporosis prevention. This study aimed to examine the effects of short- or long-term glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis on plasma metabolites and lipids of ovariectomized (OVX) sheep. METHODS Twenty-eight aged ewes were divided randomly into four groups: an OVX group, OVX in combination with glucocorticoids for two months (OVXG2), and OVX in combination with five doses of glucocorticoids (OVXG5) to induce bone loss, and a control group. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry untargeted metabolomic analysis was applied to monthly plasma samples to follow the progression of osteoporosis over five months. RESULTS The metabolite profiles revealed significant differences in the plasma metabolome of OVX sheep and OVXG when compared with the control group by univariate analysis. Nine metabolites were altered, namely 5-methoxytryptophan, valine, methionine, tryptophan, glutaric acid, 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid, indole-3-carboxaldehyde, 5-hydroxylysine and malic acid. Similarly, fifteen lipids were perturbed from multiple lipid classes such as lysophoslipids, phospholipids and ceramides. CONCLUSION This study showed that OVX and glucocorticoid interventions altered the metabolite and lipid profiles of sheep, suggesting that amino acid and lipid metabolisms are potentially the main perturbed metabolic pathways regulating bone loss in OVX sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cabrera
- Food Nutrition & Health Team, AgResearch Grasslands, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, 4442 New Zealand
| | - Marlena Kruger
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, 4442 New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442 New Zealand
| | - Frances M. Wolber
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442 New Zealand
- School of Food Advanced technology, Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, 4442 New Zealand
- Centre for Metabolic Health Research, Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, 4442 New Zealand
| | - Nicole C. Roy
- Food Nutrition & Health Team, AgResearch Grasslands, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, 4442 New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442 New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - Karl Fraser
- Food Nutrition & Health Team, AgResearch Grasslands, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, 4442 New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442 New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
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15
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Ohishi T, Fujita T, Nishida T, Asukai M, Suzuki D, Sugiura K, Matsuyama Y. Factors Influencing Serum Homocysteine Levels in Postmenopausal Osteoporotic Females - Comparison to Urinary Collagen Crosslinks. Endocr Res 2019; 44:117-125. [PMID: 30760054 DOI: 10.1080/07435800.2019.1577892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The correlation between serum levels of homocysteine and bone mineral density remains controversial. The aim of this study was to identify the potential factors associated with the levels of serum total homocysteine (S-Hcy) and urinary N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (U-NTX) in female osteoporotic patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 163 female osteoporotic patients, aged between 48 and 91 years, who had never been treated with anti-osteoporosis therapy. Background data including spine and hip bone mineral density, ongoing therapy for the metabolic disease, aortic calcification score as evaluated by lateral lumbar X-ray film, and recent fragility fracture history were obtained. S-Hcy, U-NTX levels, and creatinine clearance were measured. Results: Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between S-Hcy levels and aortic calcification score (p = 0.022), creatinine clearance (p = 0.004), and recent fracture history (within 1 year after fracture) (p = 0.028); conversely, U-NTX levels correlated significantly with total hip bone mineral density (p < 0.0001) and recent fracture history (p = 0.0007). Conclusions: S-Hcy levels had no correlation with bone mineral density, but were associated with the degree of aortic calcification, renal function, and fracture events. These confounding factors should be taken into consideration when the relationship between S-Hcy and bone mineral density is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Ohishi
- a Department of Orthopedic Surgery , Enshu Hospital , Hamamatsu, Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Tomotada Fujita
- a Department of Orthopedic Surgery , Enshu Hospital , Hamamatsu, Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nishida
- a Department of Orthopedic Surgery , Enshu Hospital , Hamamatsu, Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Mitsuru Asukai
- b Department of Orthopedic Surgery , Shizuoka Municipal Hospital , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Daisuke Suzuki
- c Suzuki Orthopedic Sports Clinic , Hamamatsu, Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Kaori Sugiura
- d Department of Orthopedic Surgery , Hamamatsu University School of Medicine , Hamamatsu, Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Yukihiro Matsuyama
- d Department of Orthopedic Surgery , Hamamatsu University School of Medicine , Hamamatsu, Shizuoka , Japan
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16
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The role of folate receptor and reduced folate carrier polymorphisms in osteoporosis development. HERBA POLONICA 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/hepo-2019-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Introduction: Osteoporosis is a chronic metabolic disease with multifactorial etiology. One of possible osteoporosis causes may be impairment of osteoclasts function which leads to increased bone resorption. This may be a result of many metabolic changes. It is believed that changes of folate-methionine metabolism in osteoporosis play an essential role in the etiology of this disease.
Objective: The aim of this study was to examine how polymorphisms of SLC19A1 and FOLR3 genes may play the key role in folate-methionine pathway and influence on the etiology of osteoporosis.
Results: The statistically overrepresentation of mutated GG genotype of FOLR3 (rs11235449) was observed in the control group compared to the osteopenia (34.9% in osteopenia vs. 37.8% in controls, p=0.025, OR=0.61). As to the SLC19A1 (rs3788200) polymorphism we have noted the statistically significant over-representation of wild-type GG genotype (35.8% vs. 26.2%, p=0.046, OR=1.57) and overrepresentation of wild-type G allele (56.9% vs. 50.2%, p=0.061, OR=1.31) in osteopenia group if compared to the controls.
Conclusions: In our study we shown the protective role of mutated GG genotype of FOLR3 (rs11235449) polymorphism to osteopenia progress and possible role of wild-type GG genotype and wild-type G allele of SLC19A1 (rs3788200) polymorphism in osteopenia development.
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17
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Lane NE, Nyman JS, Uppuganti S, Chaudhari AJ, Aguirre JI, Shidara K, Liu XP, Yao W, Kimmel DB. Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor in young adult mice causes low bone blood flow and bone strength with no effect on bone mass in trabecular regions. Bone Rep 2019; 10:100210. [PMID: 31193542 PMCID: PMC6535464 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the effect of an antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on bone blood flow, bone strength, and bone mass in the young adult mouse. Methods Ten-week-old male BALB/cJ mice were body weight-randomized into either a rodent anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody (anti-VEGF, B20-4.1.1; 5 mg/kg 2×/wk.; n = 12) group or a vehicle (VEH; n = 12) group. After 42 days, mice were evaluated for bone blood flow at the distal femur by 18F-NaF-PET/CT and then necropsied. Samples from trabecular and cortical bone regions were evaluated for bone strength by mechanical testing, bone mass by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), and micoarchitecture (MicroCT). Hydration of the whole femur was studied by proton nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry (1H NMR). Results Distal femur blood flow was 43% lower in anti-VEGF mice than in VEH mice (p = 0.009). Ultimate load in the lumbar vertebral body was 25% lower in anti-VEGF than in VEH mice (p = 0.013). Bone mineral density (BMD) in the trabecular region of the proximal humeral metaphysis by pQCT, and bone volume fraction and volumetric BMD by MicroCT were the same in the two groups. Volume fraction of bound water (BW) of the whole femur was 14% lower in anti-VEGF than in VEH mice (p = 0.003). Finally, BW, but not cortical tissue mineral density, helped section modulus explain the variance in the ultimate moment experienced by the femur in three-point bending. Conclusion Anti-VEGF caused low bone blood flow and bone strength in trabecular bone regions without influencing BMD and microarchitecture. Low bone strength was also associated with low bone hydration. These data suggest that bone blood flow is a novel bone property that affects bone quality. An antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) caused low bone blood flow in a trabecular bone rich region. Anti-VEGF did not affect trabecular bone region and bone hydration of the whole femur were also low, trabecular bone mass was not affected by anti-VEGF. Bone blood flow may be a bone property that affects bone quality through bone hydration. Anti-VEGF caused low trabecular bone strength in the vertebral body and low bone hydration of the whole femur.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Lane
- Center for Musculoskeletal Health, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - J S Nyman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - S Uppuganti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - A J Chaudhari
- Center for Molecular and Genomic Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - J I Aguirre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - K Shidara
- Center for Musculoskeletal Health, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - X P Liu
- Center for Musculoskeletal Health, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - W Yao
- Center for Musculoskeletal Health, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - D B Kimmel
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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18
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Yang G, Zhao G, Zhang J, Gao S, Chen T, Ding S, Zhu Y. Global urinary metabolic profiling of the osteonecrosis of the femoral head based on UPLC-QTOF/MS. Metabolomics 2019; 15:26. [PMID: 30830485 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1491-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), one of the widespread orthopedic diseases with a decrease in bloodstream to the femoral head, is frequently accompanied by cellular death, trabecula fracture, and collapse of the articular surface. The exactly pathological mechanism of ONFH remains to explore and further identify. OBJECTIVES The aim was to identify the global urinary metabolic profiling of ONFH and to detect biomarkers of ONFH. METHODS Urine samples were collected from 26 ONFH patients and 26 healthy people. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) in combination with multivariate statistical analysis was developed and performed to identify the global urinary metabolic profiling of ONFH. RESULTS The urinary metabolic profiling of ONFH group was significantly separated from the control group by multivariate statistical analysis. 33 distinctly differential metabolites were detected between the ONFH patients and healthy people. Sulfate, urea, Deoxycholic acid and PE(14:0/14:1(9Z)) were screened as the potential biomarkers of ONFH. In addition, the up/down-regulation of sulfur metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and histidine metabolism were clearly be associated with the ONFH pathogenic progress. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that metabolomics could serve as a promising approach for identifying the diagnostic biomarkers and elucidating the pathological mechanism of ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuling Center Hospital of Chongqing City, Chongqing, 408000, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuling Center Hospital of Chongqing City, Chongqing, 408000, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Youyi Road No. 1, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Sichuan Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Youyi Road No. 1, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Tingmei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shijia Ding
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuling Center Hospital of Chongqing City, Chongqing, 408000, China.
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Behera J, Tyagi SC, Tyagi N. Hyperhomocysteinemia induced endothelial progenitor cells dysfunction through hyper-methylation of CBS promoter. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 510:135-141. [PMID: 30683311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM)-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are the key players in angiogenesis and vascular function. Cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), an H2S-generating enzyme in methionine metabolism, regulates the function of these EPCs. This study aims to examine whether CBS hyper-methylation contributes to the bone marrow endothelial progenitor cell (BM-EPCs) function and subsequent bone blood flow in mice fed with a high methionine diet (HMD). Bone marrow (BM) cells were collected from HMD and control mice, differentiated into BM-EPCs, and were characterized by acLDL-DiI labeling. CBS mRNA expression was analyzed by real-time PCR, and the global methylation status and methylation of the CBS promoter were detected by nuclear 5-mC assay and methylation-specific PCR (qMSP) respectively. The result reveals that CBS promoter in BM-EPCs from HMD mice was hyper-methylated and the methylation level was, indeed, negatively correlated with CBS mRNA and angiogenic function of BM-EPCs. In addition, global methylation (5-mC) and DNA methyltransferase-1 (DNMT1) expression were increased in HMD condition. In vitro study also shows that HMD induced hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) impaired both adhesion and angiogenesis properties of BM-EPCs, accompanied by higher methylation level of CBS promoter that compared to control. Furthermore, bone blood flow was found to be decreased in HMD mice as compared to wild-type mice. To dissect the epigenetic mechanism, we also administrated DNMT inhibitor, 5-azacytidine (5-Aza) to HMD mice. The administration of 5-Aza in HMD mice restored the CBS expression, EPC mediated angiogenesis and blood flow by reducing abnormal DNA hyper-methylation. In conclusion, HHcy dismantles BM-EPCs function and bone blood flow through the hyper-methylation of the CBS promoter in HMD fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirmaya Behera
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Neetu Tyagi
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Ostrakhovitch EA, Tabibzadeh S. Homocysteine and age-associated disorders. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 49:144-164. [PMID: 30391754 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There are numerous theories of aging, a process which still seems inevitable. Aging leads to cancer and multi-systemic disorders as well as chronic diseases. Decline in age- associated cellular functions leads to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline that affect the quality of life. Accumulation of damage, mutations, metabolic changes, failure in cellular energy production and clearance of altered proteins over the lifetime, and hyperhomocysteinemia, ultimately result in tissue degeneration. The decline in renal functions, nutritional deficiencies, deregulation of methionine cycle and deficiencies of homocysteine remethylation and transsulfuration cofactors cause elevation of homocysteine with advancing age. Abnormal accumulation of homocysteine is a risk factor of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and chronic kidney disease. Moreover, approximately 50% of people, aged 65 years and older develop hypertension and are at a high risk of developing cardiovascular insufficiency and incurable neurodegenerative disorders. Increasing evidence suggests inverse relation between cognitive impairment, cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events and renal function. Oxidative stress, inactivation of nitric oxide synthase pathway and mitochondria dysfunction associated with impaired homocysteine metabolism lead to aging tissue degeneration. In this review, we examine impact of high homocysteine levels on changes observed with aging that contribute to development and progression of age associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Ostrakhovitch
- Frontiers in Bioscience Research Institute in Aging and Cancer, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - S Tabibzadeh
- Frontiers in Bioscience Research Institute in Aging and Cancer, Irvine, CA, USA.
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21
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Álvarez-Sánchez N, Álvarez-Ríos AI, Guerrero JM, García-García FJ, Rodríguez-Mañas L, Cruz-Chamorro I, Lardone PJ, Carrillo-Vico A. Homocysteine levels are associated with bone resorption in pre-frail and frail Spanish women: The Toledo Study for Healthy Aging. Exp Gerontol 2018; 108:201-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Peng Y, Ou BQ, Li HH, Zhou Z, Mo JL, Huang J, Liang FL. Synergistic Effect of Atorvastatin and Folic Acid on Cardiac Function and Ventricular Remodeling in Chronic Heart Failure Patients with Hyperhomocysteinemia. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:3744-3751. [PMID: 29863106 PMCID: PMC6015480 DOI: 10.12659/msm.906893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, a constant progress in pathophysiology understanding and treatment of the chronic heart failure (CHF) is arising. Meanwhile, hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) has been linked to impaired left ventricular function and clinical class in patients with CHF. Atorvastatin therapy can reduce the incidence of sudden cardiac death in patients with advanced CHF. Folic acid could enhance endothelial function in vascular disease states. The present study aims to investigate the effect of atorvastatin and folic acid combined on the cardiac function and ventricular remodeling in CHF patients with HHcy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Elderly CHF patients with HHcy were divided into four groups: routine, routine + atorvastatin, routine + folic acid, and routine + atorvastatin + folic acid groups. Serum homocysteine (Hcy) level was detected using enzymatic cycling methods, and N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level by ELISA. The cardiac function indexes and left ventricular early diastolic peak flow velocity/atrial systolic peak flow velocity (E/A) ratio were evaluated. The six-minute walk test was performed to measure the six-minute walk distance (6MWD). RESULTS 6MWD increased, the serum Hcy and NT-proBNP levels decreased, and cardiac function was improved compared with before treatment, which was the most significant in the routine + atorvastatin + folic acid group, followed by the routine + atorvastatin group, then the routine + folic acid group, and lastly, the routine group. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that the combination of atorvastatin and folic acid improved the cardiac function and inhibited ventricular remodeling of elderly CHF patients with HHcy.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Peng
- Department of Geriatric, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Bai-Qing Ou
- Department of Geriatric, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Hua-Hua Li
- Department of Geriatric, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Jiong-Ling Mo
- Department of Geriatric, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Jue Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Feng-Ling Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
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Kumar A, Palfrey HA, Pathak R, Kadowitz PJ, Gettys TW, Murthy SN. The metabolism and significance of homocysteine in nutrition and health. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2017; 14:78. [PMID: 29299040 PMCID: PMC5741875 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0233-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
An association between arteriosclerosis and homocysteine (Hcy) was first demonstrated in 1969. Hcy is a sulfur containing amino acid derived from the essential amino acid methionine (Met). Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) was subsequently shown in several age-related pathologies such as osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Also, Hcy is associated with (but not limited to) cancer, aortic aneurysm, hypothyroidism and end renal stage disease to mention some. The circulating levels of Hcy can be increased by defects in enzymes of the metabolism of Met, deficiencies of vitamins B6, B12 and folate or by feeding Met enriched diets. Additionally, some of the pharmaceuticals currently in clinical practice such as lipid lowering, and anti-Parkinsonian drugs are known to elevate Hcy levels. Studies on supplementation with folate, vitamins B6 and B12 have shown reduction in Hcy levels but concomitant reduction in certain associated pathologies have not been definitive. The enormous importance of Hcy in health and disease is illustrated by its prevalence in the medical literature (e.g. > 22,000 publications). Although there are compelling data in favor of Hcy as a modifiable risk factor, the debate regarding the significance of Hcy mediated health effects is still ongoing. Despite associations between increased levels of Hcy with several pathologies being well documented, whether it is a causative factor, or an effect remains inconclusive. The present review though not exhaustive, is focused on several important aspects of Hcy metabolism and their relevance to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Kumar
- Environmental Toxicology Department, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA
| | - Henry A. Palfrey
- Environmental Toxicology Department, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA
| | - Rashmi Pathak
- Environmental Toxicology Department, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA
| | - Philip J. Kadowitz
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Thomas W. Gettys
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| | - Subramanyam N. Murthy
- Environmental Toxicology Department, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA
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Majtan T, Park I, Bublil EM, Kraus JP. Enzyme replacement therapy prevents loss of bone and fat mass in murine homocystinuria. Hum Mutat 2017; 39:210-218. [PMID: 29044829 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal and connective tissue defects are the most striking symptoms in patients suffering from classical homocystinuria (HCU). Here, we determined body composition and bone mass in three mouse models of HCU and assessed whether a long-term administration of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) corrected the phenotype. The mouse models of HCU were analyzed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and the data were complemented by plasma biochemical profiles. Both the mouse model lacking CBS (KO) and the one expressing human CBS mutant transgene on a mouse CBS null background (I278T) showed marked bone loss and decreased weight mostly due to a lower fat content compared with negative controls. In contrast, the HO mouse expressing the human CBS WT transgene on a mouse CBS null background showed no such phenotype despite similar plasma biochemical profile to the KO and I278T mice. More importantly, administration of ERT rescued bone mass and changes in body composition in the KO mice treated since birth and reversed bone loss and improved fat content in the I278T mice injected after the development of clinical symptoms. Our study suggests that ERT for HCU may represent an effective way of preventing the skeletal problems in patients without a restricted dietary regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Majtan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Insun Park
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Jan P Kraus
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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25
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Hyperhomocysteinemia impairs regional blood flow: involvements of endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide. Pflugers Arch 2016; 468:1517-25. [PMID: 27417104 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1849-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence support the idea that hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is responsible for pathogenesis underlying cerebral, coronary, renal, and other vascular circulatory disorders and for hypertension. Impaired synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) in the endothelium or increased production of asymmetric dimethylarginine and activated oxygen species are involved in the impairment of vasodilator effects of NO. Impaired circulation in the brain derived from reduced synthesis and actions of NO would be an important triggering factor to dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Reduced actions of NO and brain hypoperfusion trigger increased production of amyloid-β that inhibits endothelial function, thus establishing a vicious cycle for impairing brain circulation. HHcy is involved in the genesis of anginal attack and coronary myocardial infarction. HHcy is also involved in renal circulatory diseases. The homocysteine (Hcy)-induced circulatory failure is promoted by methionine and is prevented by increased folic acid and vitamin B6/B12. Eliminating poor life styles, such as smoking and being sedentary; keeping favorable dietary habits; and early treatment maintaining constitutive NOS functions healthy, reducing oxidative stresses would be beneficial in protecting HHcy-induced circulatory failures.
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26
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Plummer J, Park M, Perodin F, Horowitz MC, Hens JR. Methionine-Restricted Diet Increases miRNAs That Can Target RUNX2 Expression and Alters Bone Structure in Young Mice. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:31-42. [PMID: 27191548 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dietary methionine restriction (MR) increases longevity and improves healthspan in rodent models. Young male C57BL/6J mice were placed on MR to assess effects on bone structure and formation. Mice were fed diets containing 0.86% or 0.12% methionine for 5 weeks. Fasting blood plasma was analyzed for metabolic and bone-related biomarkers. Tibiae were analyzed by histomorphometry, while femurs were analyzed by micro-CT and biomechanically using 4-point bending. MR mice had reduced plasma glucose and insulin, while FGF21 and FGF23 increased. Plasma levels of osteocalcin and osteoprotegrin were unaffected, but sclerostin and procollagen I decreased. MR induced bone marrow fat accretion, antithetical to the reduced fat depots seen throughout the body. Cortical bone showed significant decreases in Bone Tissue Density (BTD). In trabecular bone, mice had decreased BTD, bone surface, trabecula and bone volume, and trabecular thickness.. Biomechanical testing showed that on MR, bones were significantly less stiff and had reduced maximum load and total work, suggesting greater fragility. Reduced expression of RUNX2 occurred in bone marrow of MR mice. These results suggest that MR alters bone remodeling and apposition. In MR mice, miR-31 in plasma and liver, and miR-133a, miR-335-5p, and miR-204 in the bone marrow was elevated. These miRNAs were shown previously to target and regulate Osterix and RUNX2 in bone, which could inhibit osteoblast differentiation and function. Therefore, dietary MR in young animals alters bone structure by increasing miRNAs in bone and liver that can target RUNX2. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 31-42, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Plummer
- Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Inc., Cold Spring, New York
| | - Miri Park
- Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Inc., Cold Spring, New York
| | - Frantz Perodin
- Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Inc., Cold Spring, New York
| | - Mark C Horowitz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Julie R Hens
- Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Inc., Cold Spring, New York
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27
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Liu W, Huang Z, Tang S, Wei S, Zhang Z. An evaluation of homocysteine, C-reactive protein, lipid levels, neutrophils to lymphocyte ratio in postmenopausal osteopenic women. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32:446-8. [PMID: 26742805 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2015.1126711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the present study, the risk coefficients of serum homocysteine (hcy), lipid levels, C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophils to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in postmenopausal osteopenic women were determined. METHODS We enrolled 269 patients with postmenopausal women from Hangzhou No.1 Hospital gynecological clinic, who aged 45 to 60 years old and never received menopause hormone therapy. According to the bone mineral density determination results, subjects were divided into normal group (n = 128), osteopenia group (n = 141). Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Serum hcy, CRP and lipid indexes were determined by enzyme chemiluminescence immunoassay. RESULTS The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of those variables (menopausal age, duration of menopause, LDL, CRP, hcy and NLR) were found significant (p < 0.05). Menopausal age, duration of menopause, LDL, CRP, hcy and NLR variables were found statistically significant in the analysis of receiver operating characteristic (ROCs). CONCLUSION The present study shows that menopause age, duration of menopause, serum LDL, CRP, hcy and NLR levels are risk factors for postmenopausal osteopenic women, which may be used as the indicators of bone loss in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Liu
- a Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou Maternity Hospital , Hangzhou , China
| | - Zheren Huang
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou Maternity Hospital , Hangzhou , China
| | - Shanshan Tang
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou Maternity Hospital , Hangzhou , China
| | - Shuangshuang Wei
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou Maternity Hospital , Hangzhou , China
| | - Zhifen Zhang
- a Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou Maternity Hospital , Hangzhou , China
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Fratoni V, Brandi ML. B vitamins, homocysteine and bone health. Nutrients 2015; 7:2176-92. [PMID: 25830943 PMCID: PMC4425139 DOI: 10.3390/nu7042176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is one of the most important modifiable factors involved in the development and maintenance of good bone health. Calcium and Vitamin D have confirmed and established roles in the maintenance of proper bone health. However, other nutritional factors could also be implicated. This review will explore the emerging evidence of the supporting role of certain B Vitamins as modifiable factors associated with bone health. Individuals with high levels of homocysteine (hcy) exhibit reduced bone mineral density (BMD), alteration in microarchitecture and increased bone fragility. The pathophysiology caused by high serum homocysteine is not completely clear regarding fractures, but it may involve factors, such as bone mineral density, bone turnover, bone blood flow and collagen cross-linking. It is uncertain whether supplementation with B Vitamins, such as folate, Vitamin B1, and Vitamin B6, could decrease hip fracture incidence, but the results of further clinical trials should be awaited before a conclusion is drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Fratoni
- Department of Surgery and Traslational Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6-50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Surgery and Traslational Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6-50139 Florence, Italy.
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29
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Vacek TP, Neamtu D, Tyagi SC. Effect of MMPs on Cardiovasculature and Blood Flow. Atherosclerosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118828533.ch36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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30
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The association between oxidative stress and bone mineral density according to menopausal status of Korean women. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2015; 58:46-52. [PMID: 25629018 PMCID: PMC4303752 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.2015.58.1.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the association between oxidative stress and bone mineral density (BMD) according to menopausal status of Korean women. Methods A total of 2,232 women who visited to the health promotion center at Pusan National University Hospital between 2010 and 2014 were included in this cross-sectional study. Laboratory tests, such as uric acid, albumin, total bilirubin, which were evaluated as a natural antioxidants. Homocysteine also was evaluated as a factor associated with oxidative stress. Correlation analyses and partial correlation coefficient between BMD scores and laboratory parameters associated with oxidative stress according to menopausal status were performed with Pearson test. Results By correlation analysis, uric acid had only positive correlation with femur and lumbar BMD in premenopausal and postmenopausal group. But albumin and bilirubin, which were the other natural antioxidants, had no correlation with BMD except total bilirubin with femur BMD in postmenopausal group. Homocysteine had negative correlation with femur BMD in postmenopausal group. But there were different results in partial correlation coefficient adjusted by age and BMI. In premenopausal group, uric acid was still positive correlation with femur and lumbar BMD, whereas in postmenopausal group homocysteine had no correlation with femur BMD, total bilirubin and uric acid had no correlation with lumbar BMD. At the multiple logistic regressions, only age and menopause status, uric acid had correlation with BMD. Conclusion In this study, homocysteine had no correlation with BMD. But in natural antioxidant, uric acid had only positive correlation with BMD.
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31
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Zidan RA, Elnegris HM. Effect of homocysteine on the histological structure of femur in young male albino rats and the possible protective role of folic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.7243/2055-091x-2-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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The application of a chemical determination of N-homocysteinylation levels in developing mouse embryos: implication for folate responsive birth defects. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 26:312-8. [PMID: 25620692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Elevated homocysteine levels have long been associated with various disease states, including cardiovascular disease and birth defects, including neural tube defects (NTDs). One hypothesis regarding the strong correlation between these various disorders and high levels of homocysteine is that a reactive form of this small molecule can attach to mammalian proteins in a phenomenon known as homocysteinylation. These posttranslational modifications may become antigenic or may even directly disrupt certain protein function. It remains to be determined whether dietary influences that can cause globally increased levels of circulating homocysteine confer negative effects maternally, or may otherwise negatively and materially impact the metabolic balance in developing embryos. Herein we present the application of a chemical method of determination of N-homocysteinylation to a set of neural tube closure stage mouse embryos and their mothers. We explore the uses of this newly described technique to investigate levels of maternal and embryonic N-homocysteinylation using dietary manipulations of one-carbon metabolism with two known folate-responsive NTD mouse models. The data presented reveal that although diet appeared to have significant effects on the maternal metabolic status, those effects did not directly correlate to the embryonic folate or N-homocysteinylation status. Our studies indicate that maternal diet and embryonic genotype most significantly affected the embryonic developmental outcome.
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Kalani A, Kamat PK, Givvimani S, Brown K, Metreveli N, Tyagi SC, Tyagi N. Nutri-epigenetics ameliorates blood-brain barrier damage and neurodegeneration in hyperhomocysteinemia: role of folic acid. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 52:202-15. [PMID: 24122186 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-0122-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms underlying nutrition (nutrition epigenetics) are important in understanding human health. Nutritional supplements, for example folic acid, a cofactor in one-carbon metabolism, regulate epigenetic alterations and may play an important role in the maintenance of neuronal integrity. Folic acid also ameliorates hyperhomocysteinemia, which is a consequence of elevated levels of homocysteine. Hyperhomocysteinemia induces oxidative stress that may epigenetically mediate cerebrovascular remodeling and leads to neurodegeneration; however, the mechanisms behind such alterations remain unclear. Therefore, the present study was designed to observe the protective effects of folic acid against hyperhomocysteinemia-induced epigenetic and molecular alterations leading to neurotoxic cascades. To test this hypothesis, we employed 8-weeks-old male wild-type (WT) cystathionine-beta-synthase heterozygote knockout methionine-fed (CBS+/− + Met), WT, and CBS+/− + Met mice supplemented with folic acid (FA) [WT + FA and CBS+/− + Met + FA, respectively, 0.0057-μg g−1 day−1 dose in drinking water/4 weeks]. Hyperhomocysteinemia in CBS+/− + Met mouse brain was accompanied by a decrease in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and an increase in S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase expression, symptoms of oxidative stress, upregulation of DNA methyltransferases, rise in matrix metalloproteinases, a drop in the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, decreased expression of tight junction proteins, increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier, neurodegeneration, and synaptotoxicity. Supplementation of folic acid to CBS+/− + Met mouse brain led to a decrease in the homocysteine level and rescued pathogenic and epigenetic alterations, showing its protective efficacy against homocysteine-induced neurotoxicity.
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Kalani A, Kamat PK, Voor MJ, Tyagi SC, Tyagi N. Mitochondrial epigenetics in bone remodeling during hyperhomocysteinemia. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 395:89-98. [PMID: 24939359 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2114-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Increased levels of homocysteine (Hcy), known as hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), is an independent risk factor of various diseases. Clinical studies report that people born with severe HHcy develop skeletal malformations with weaker bone. Studies also report that altered mitochondrial dynamics and altered epigenetics contribute to weaker bones and bone diseases. Although Hcy-induced mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to affect bone metabolism, the role of mitochondrial epigenetics (mito-epigenetics) has not been studied in bones. The epigenetics in mitochondria is interesting as the mitochondrial genome size is small (16 kb) with fewer CpG, and without histones and introns. Recently, fascinating works on epigenetics along with the discovery of histone-like proteins in mitochondria are giving exciting areas for novel studies on mitochondria epigenetics. There are mutual cause and effect relationships between bone, mitochondria, Hcy, and epigenetics, but unfortunately, studies are lacking that describe the involvement of all these together in bone disease progression. This review describes the reciprocal relationships and mechanisms of Hcy-bone-mitochondria-epigenetics along with a short discussion of techniques which could be employed to assess Hcy-induced anomaly in bone, mediated through alterations in mito-epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Kalani
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, A-1201, University of Louisville, 500 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
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Familtseva A, Kalani A, Chaturvedi P, Tyagi N, Metreveli N, Tyagi SC. Mitochondrial mitophagy in mesenteric artery remodeling in hyperhomocysteinemia. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:e00283. [PMID: 24771691 PMCID: PMC4001876 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although high levels of homocysteine also termed as hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) has been associated with inflammatory bowel disease and mesenteric artery occlusion, the mitochondrial mechanisms behind endothelial dysfunction that lead to mesenteric artery remodeling are largely unknown. We hypothesize that in HHcy there is increased mitochondrial fission due to altered Mfn‐2/Drp‐1 ratio, which leads to endothelial dysfunction and collagen deposition in the mesenteric artery inducing vascular remodeling. To test this hypothesis, we used four groups of mice: (i) WT (C57BL/6J); (ii) mice with HHcy (CBS+/−); (iii) oxidative stress resistant mice (C3H) and (iv) mice with HHcy and oxidative stress resistance (CBS+/−/C3H). For mitochondrial dynamics, we studied the expression of Mfn‐2 which is a mitochondrial fusion protein and Drp‐1 which is a mitochondrial fission protein by western blots, real‐time PCR and immunohistochemistry. We also examined oxidative stress markers, endothelial cell, and gap junction proteins that play an important role in endothelial dysfunction. Our data showed increase in oxidative stress, mitochondrial fission (Drp‐1), and collagen deposition in CBS+/− compared to WT and C3H mice. We also observed significant down regulation of Mfn‐2 (mitochondrial fusion marker), CD31, eNOS and connexin 40 (gap junction protein) in CBS+/− mice as compared to WT and C3H mice. In conclusion, our data suggested that HHcy increased mitochondrial fission (i.e., decreased Mfn‐2/Drp‐1 ratio, causing mitophagy) that leads to endothelial cell damage and collagen deposition in the mesenteric artery. This is a novel report on the role of mitochondrial dynamics alteration defining mesenteric artery remodeling. e00283 This article is a novel report on the role of mitochondrial dynamics in mesenteric artery remodeling during hyperhomocysteinemia. The study can contribute significantly toward understanding the mesenteric mitochondrial mechanisms underpinning inflammatory bowel disease – a major clinical concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Familtseva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, 40202, Kentucky
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Abstract
Osteoporosis, a metabolic skeletal disease characterised by decreased bone mass and increased fracture risk, is a growing public health problem. Among the various risk factors for osteoporosis, calcium and vitamin D have well-established protective roles, but it is likely that other nutritional factors are also implicated. This review will explore the emerging evidence supporting a role for certain B-vitamins, homocysteine and the 677 C → T polymorphism in the gene encoding the folate-metabolising enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, in bone health and disease. The evidence, however, is not entirely consistent and as yet no clear mechanism has been defined to explain the potential link between B-vitamins and bone health. Coeliac disease, a common condition of malabsorption, induced by gluten ingestion in genetically susceptible individuals, is associated with an increased risk both of osteoporosis and inadequate B-vitamin status. Given the growing body of evidence linking low bone mineral density and/or increased fracture risk with low B-vitamin status and elevated homocysteine, optimal B-vitamin status may play an important protective role against osteoporosis in coeliac disease; to date, no trial has addressed this possible link.
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Mbiya W, Choi B, Martincigh BS, Morakinyo MK, Simoyi RH. Oxyhalogen-Sulfur Chemistry: Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of N-Acetyl Homocysteine Thiolactone by Acidified Bromate and Aqueous Bromine. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:13059-69. [DOI: 10.1021/jp408304e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilbes Mbiya
- Department
of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207-0751, United States
| | - Boyoung Choi
- Department
of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207-0751, United States
| | - Bice S. Martincigh
- School
of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, Republic of South Africa
| | - Moshood K. Morakinyo
- Department
of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207-0751, United States
| | - Reuben H. Simoyi
- Department
of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207-0751, United States
- School
of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, Republic of South Africa
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Vacek TP, Kalani A, Voor MJ, Tyagi SC, Tyagi N. The role of homocysteine in bone remodeling. Clin Chem Lab Med 2013; 51:579-90. [PMID: 23449525 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2012-0605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone remodeling is a very complex process. Homocysteine (Hcy) is known to modulate this process via several known mechanisms such as increase in osteoclast activity, decrease in osteoblast activity and direct action of Hcy on bone matrix. Evidence from previous studies further support a detrimental effect on bone via decrease in bone blood flow and an increase in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that degrade extracellular bone matrix. Hcy binds directly to extracellular matrix and reduces bone strength. There are several bone markers that can be used as parameters to determine how high levels of plasma Hcy (hyperhomocysteinemia, HHcy) affect bone such as: hydroxyproline, N-terminal collagen 1 telopeptides. Mitochondrion serves an important role in generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrial abnormalities have been identified during HHcy. The mechanism of Hcy-induced bone remodeling via the mitochondrial pathway is largely unknown. Therefore, we propose a mitochondrial mechanism by which Hcy can contribute to alter bone properties. This may occur both through generations of ROS that activate MMPs and could be extruded into matrix to degrade bone matrix. However, there are contrasting reports on whether Hcy affects bone density, with some reports in favour and others not. Earlier studies also found an alteration in bone biomechanical properties with deficiencies of vitamin B12, folate and HHcy conditions. Moreover, existing data opens speculation that folate and vitamin therapy act not only via Hcy-dependent pathways but also via Hcy-independent pathways. However, more studies are needed to clarify the mechanistic role of Hcy during bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Vacek
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Roche B, Vanden-Bossche A, Normand M, Malaval L, Vico L, Lafage-Proust MH. Validated Laser Doppler protocol for measurement of mouse bone blood perfusion - response to age or ovariectomy differs with genetic background. Bone 2013; 55:418-26. [PMID: 23571049 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The physiological role of bone vascularization in bone metabolism begins to be understood; however, its involvement in pathological situations remains poorly explored. Bone blood supply depends on both vascular density and blood flow. However, in mice, the specific evaluation of perfusion in bone suffers from a lack of easy-handling measurement tools. In the present study, we first developed a Laser Doppler Perfusion Measurement (LDPM) protocol in mouse tibia, which we validated with ex vivo and in vivo experiments. Then we carried out a study associating both structural (vascular quantitative histomorphometry) and functional (LDPM) approaches. We studied the effects of aging in 4, 7 and 17 month-old male mice and the early effects of ovariectomy in 4 month-old females. Both studies were carried out in inbred mice (C57BL/6) and in mice of mixed background (129sv/CD1). The significant differences we observed between strains in unchallenged 4 month-old animals concerned both perfusion and vascular density and depended on gender. Additionally, the age-related bone loss observed in male mice was not temporally associated with vascular changes in either strain. Between 7 and 17 months, we did not find any decrease in bone vascular density or perfusion. In contrast, ovariectomy triggered early vascular structural and functional adaptations which differed between genetic backgrounds. We observed that bone vessel density did not generally account for bone perfusion levels. In conclusion, we describe here a LDPM-based experimental protocol which provides a reproducible quantitative evaluation of bone perfusion in mouse tibia, hence allowing intergroup comparisons. This integrative structural and functional approach of bone vascularization showed that bone vascular adaptation occurs during aging or after ovariectomy and is affected by the genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Roche
- INSERM U1059, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France.
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Vacek TP, Qipshidze N, Tyagi SC. Hydrogen sulfide and sodium nitroprusside compete to activate/deactivate MMPs in bone tissue homogenates. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2013; 9:117-23. [PMID: 23658491 PMCID: PMC3606042 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s39508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone microvascular remodeling is the primary predictor of bone structure and function. Remodeling by its very nature implies synthesis and degradation of the extracellular matrix. Normally, 50% of total protein in the vessel wall is elastin. During remodeling, elastin is degraded by specialized matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Because the turnover of elastin is 1000-fold slower than that of collagen, most of the elastin is replaced by stiffer collagen. Stiffer vessels impose pressure on the aortic valve, causing regurgitation and increased pulse pressure. On the other hand, high MMP activity will cause vascular dilatation, leading to aneurysm. Therefore, balanced constitutive remodeling is necessary for adequate bone structure and function. Interestingly, collagen-degrading MMPs are involved in various pathological conditions, including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and cardiovascular disease. Sodium nitroprusside is a nitric oxide donor that could potentially alter MMP activity via vasodilation in vivo, but can also produce peroxynitrite, which activates MMPs by combining with superoxide. Moreover, hydrogen sulfide is a known antioxidant as well as a vasodilator, and is also speculated to contribute directly to MMP activity. We hypothesized that hydrogen sulfide reduced activity of MMP in ex vivo bone tissue homogenates and that sodium nitroprusside would increase MMP activity in vitro. METHODS We surgically removed the tibia and femur from anesthetized mice, and prepared bone tissue homogenates using a mortar and pestle, measured the protein concentration with a spectrophotometer, and detected MMP activity using gelatin gel zymography. RESULTS Our data showed increased MMP activity at a sodium nitroprusside concentration of 1 μM, and MMP activity increased exponentially. There was a decrease in MMP activity with increasing hydrogen sulfide, beginning at 16 μM (P < 0.01) and continuing to 40 μM. Moreover, sodium nitroprusside 3 μM was able to overcome the decrease in MMP activity that occurred with hydrogen sulfide 40 μM; this resulted in a more pronounced exponential increase in MMP activity. CONCLUSION There are several substances that can potentially be used to decrease MMP activity and to alleviate pathological remodeling by MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Vacek
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
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Kuyumcu ME, Yesil Y, Oztürk ZA, Cınar E, Kızılarslanoglu C, Halil M, Ulger Z, Yesil NK, Cankurtaran M, Arıoğul S. The association between homocysteine (hcy) and serum natural antioxidants in elderly bone mineral densitometry (BMD). Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2012; 55:739-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Givvimani S, Munjal C, Narayanan N, Aqil F, Tyagi G, Metreveli N, Tyagi SC. Hyperhomocysteinemia decreases intestinal motility leading to constipation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012; 303:G281-90. [PMID: 22595990 PMCID: PMC3423105 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00423.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Elevated levels of plasma homocysteine (Hcy) called hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) have been implicated in inflammation and remodeling in intestinal vasculature, and HHcy is also known to aggravate the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Interestingly, colon is the pivotal site that regulates Hcy levels in the plasma. We hypothesize that HHcy decreases intestinal motility through matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)-induced intestinal remodeling leading to constipation. To verify this hypothesis, we used C57BL/6J or wild-type (WT), cystathionine β-synthase (CBS(+/-)), MMP-9(-/-), and MMP-9(-/-) + Hcy mice. Intestinal motility was assessed by barium meal studies and daily feces output. Plasma Hcy levels were measured by HPLC. Expression of ICAM-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, MMP-9, and tissue inhibitors of MMPs was studied by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) including super oxide were measured by the Invitrogen molecular probe method. Tissue nitric oxide levels were assessed by a commercially available kit. Plasma Hcy levels in the treated MMP-9 group mice were comparable to CBS(+/-) mice. Barium meal studies suggest that intestinal motility is significantly decreased in CBS(+/-) mice compared with other groups. Fecal output-to-body weight ratio was significantly reduced in CBS(+/-) mice compared with other groups. There was significant upregulation of MMP-9, iNOS, and ICAM-1 expression in the colon from CBS(+/-) mice compared with WT mice. Levels of ROS, superoxide, and inducible nitric oxide were elevated in the CBS(+/-) mice compared with other groups. Results suggest that HHcy decreases intestinal motility due to MMP-9-induced intestinal remodeling leading to constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Givvimani
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - C. Munjal
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - N. Narayanan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - F. Aqil
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - G. Tyagi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - N. Metreveli
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - S. C. Tyagi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
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Mohammadi A, Omrani L, Omrani LR, Kiani F, Eshraghian A, Azizi Z, Omrani GR. Protective effect of folic acid on cyclosporine-induced bone loss in rats. Transpl Int 2011; 25:127-33. [PMID: 22039919 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2011.01375.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia is seen in patients with decreased bone mineral density. Cyclosporine can cause alveolar bone loss and osteopenia. It is also associated with elevated serum homocysteine levels. We aimed to investigate the effect of cyclosporine on serum homocysteine level, bone volume, and bone density, and determine whether folic acid had a protective effect against bone loss. In an experimental study, 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups and received dietary supplementation for 6 weeks with olive oil (Group A), cyclosporine (Group B), folic acid (Group C), and cyclosporine plus folic acid (Group D), or no supplementation (Group F, control). Serum homocysteine, calcium, alkaline phosphatase, total bone volume, periodontal ligament volume, and volume density of bone were compared between groups. Mean serum homocysteine level (10.84 ± 0.93 μmol/l) was significantly higher in group B (cyclosporine supplementation) compared with the other groups (P = 0.001). Mean total mandibular volume was 46.3 ± 13.6 mm(3) in rats treated with cyclosporine, 80.4 ± 15.70 mm(3) in rats treated with folic acid (P = 0.004), and 73.9 ± 21.3 mm(3) in rats treated with cyclosporine plus folic acid (P = 0.028). In our experimental model, cyclosporine increased serum homocysteine levels and decreased bone volume and density. Folic acid may have a preventive role against bone loss in rats treated with cyclosporine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mohammadi
- Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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