1
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Zhao P, Han W, Shu Y, Li M, Sun Y, Sui X, Liu B, Tian B, Liu Y, Fu Q. Liquid-liquid phase separation drug aggregate: Merit for oral delivery of amorphous solid dispersions. J Control Release 2023; 353:42-50. [PMID: 36414193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As a promising strategy, amorphous solid dispersion has been extensively employed in improving the oral bioavailability of insoluble drugs. Despite the numerous advantages, the problems associated with supersaturation stability limit its further application. Recently, the formation and stability of the liquid-liquid phase separation drug aggregate (LLPS-DA) have been found to be vital for supersaturation maintenance. An in-depth review of LLPS-DA was required to further explore the supersaturation maintenance mechanism in vivo. Hence, this study aimed to present a short review to introduce the LLPS-DA, highlight the in vivo advantages for oral administration, and discuss the prospects to help understand the in vivo behavior of LLPS-DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixu Zhao
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wen Han
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yecheng Shu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mo Li
- Liaoning Institute for Drug Control, No. 7 Chongshan West Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yichi Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaofan Sui
- Liaoning Institute for Drug Control, No. 7 Chongshan West Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bingyang Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Baocheng Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346, Guanhai Road, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
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2
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Almutairi M, Srinivasan P, Zhang P, Austin F, Butreddy A, Alharbi M, Bandari S, Ashour EA, Repka MA. Hot-Melt Extrusion Coupled with Pressurized Carbon Dioxide for Enhanced Processability of Pharmaceutical Polymers and Drug Delivery Applications – An Integrated Review. Int J Pharm 2022; 629:122291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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3
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Thayumanasundaram S, Venkatesan TR, Ousset A, Van Hollebeke K, Aerts L, Wübbenhorst M, Van den Mooter G. Complementarity of mDSC, DMA, and DRS Techniques in the Study of Tg and Sub- Tg Transitions in Amorphous Solids: PVPVA, Indomethacin, and Amorphous Solid Dispersions Based on Indomethacin/PVPVA. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:2299-2315. [PMID: 35674392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recently, glasses, a subset of amorphous solids, have gained attention in various fields, such as polymer chemistry, optical fibers, and pharmaceuticals. One of their characteristic features, the glass transition temperature (Tg) which is absent in 100% crystalline materials, influences several material properties, such as free volume, enthalpy, viscosity, thermodynamic transitions, molecular motions, physical stability, mechanical properties, etc. In addition to Tg, there may be several other temperature-dependent transitions known as sub-Tg transitions (or β-, γ-, and δ-relaxations) which are identified by specific analytical techniques. The study of Tg and sub-Tg transitions occurring in amorphous solids has gained much attention because of its importance in understanding molecular kinetics, and it requires the combination of conventional and novel characterization techniques. In the present study, three different analytical techniques [modulated differential scanning calorimetry (mDSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS)] were used to perform comprehensive qualitative/quantitative characterization of molecular relaxations, miscibility, and molecular interactions present in an amorphous polymer (PVPVA), a model drug (indomethacin, IND), and IND/PVPVA-based amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). This is the first ever reported DMA study on PVPVA in its powder form, which avoids the contribution of solvent to the mechanical properties when a self-standing polymer film is used. A good correlation between the techniques in determining the Tg value of PVPVA, IND, and IND/PVPVA-based ASDs is established, and the negligible difference (within 10 °C) is attributed to the different material properties assessed in each technique. However, the overall Tg behavior, the decrease in Tg with increase in drug loading in ASDs, is universally observed in all the above-mentioned techniques, which reveals their complementarity. DMA and DRS techniques are used to study the different sub-Tg transitions present in PVPVA, amorphous IND, and IND/PVPVA-based ASDs because these transitions are normally too weak or too broad for mDSC to detect. For IND/PVPVA-based ASDs, both techniques show a shift of sub-Tg transitions (or secondary relaxation peaks) toward the high-temperature region from -140 to -45 °C. Thus, this paper outlines the usage of different solid-state characterization techniques in understanding the different molecular dynamics present in the polymer, drug, and their interactions in ASDs with the integrated information obtained from individual techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thulasinath Raman Venkatesan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.,Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Aymeric Ousset
- Department of Product Design and Performance, UCB Pharma, 1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Kim Van Hollebeke
- Department of Product Design and Performance, UCB Pharma, 1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Luc Aerts
- Department of Product Design and Performance, UCB Pharma, 1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | | | - Guy Van den Mooter
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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4
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Kaushik R, Budhwar V, Kaushik D. An Overview on Recent Patents and Technologies on Solid Dispersion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 14:63-74. [PMID: 31951172 PMCID: PMC7569281 DOI: 10.2174/1872211314666200117094406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The oral bioavailability enhancement of poorly water-soluble medicaments is still one of the most complicated aspects of the formulation development. Various approaches are currently available for solubility and rate of dissolution enhancement such as salt formation, solubilization and reduction of particle size, each with its own limitations and advantages. Solid dispersion is one of the most suitable approaches for the formulation development of poorly water-soluble drugs. The popularity of solid dispersion is evident from the increasing number of patent applications and patents granted in this field during recent years. This article reviews the various approaches for the preparation of solid dispersion such as a solvent melting, hot-melt extrusion method, solvent evaporation method, cryogenic processing approaches etc. from the perspective of patents filed or granted for these techniques. Some of the aspects taken into account before the preparation of solid dispersions are carrier selection and physic-chemical testing along with an insight into the molecular arrangement of medicaments in solid dispersion. The manuscript further highlights various commercial patented technology platforms such as Solumertm, Hovione and Kinetisol which are based on the concept of solid dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D. University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
| | - Vikas Budhwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D. University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
| | - Deepak Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D. University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
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5
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Soares L, Novais S, Ferreira A, Frazão O, Silva S. Detection of the Crystallization Process of Paracetamol with a Multi-Mode Optical Fiber in a Reflective Configuration. SENSORS 2019; 20:s20010087. [PMID: 31877833 PMCID: PMC6982736 DOI: 10.3390/s20010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A configuration of a refractometer sensor is described with the aim of optically detecting the crystallization process of paracetamol. The developed sensing head is based on a conventional cleaved multi-mode fiber. The fiber tip sensor structure was submitted to contact with the liquid of interest (paracetamol fully dissolved in 40% v/v of ethanol/water) and the crystallization process of paracetamol, induced with continued exposure to air, was monitored in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Soares
- INESC TEC—Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal (S.N.); (O.F.)
- Faculty of Biotechnology of Catholic University of Portugal, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Novais
- INESC TEC—Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal (S.N.); (O.F.)
| | - António Ferreira
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Orlando Frazão
- INESC TEC—Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal (S.N.); (O.F.)
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Silva
- INESC TEC—Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal (S.N.); (O.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +35-122-040-2301
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6
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Solid dispersion technology as a strategy to improve the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Ther Deliv 2019; 10:363-382. [PMID: 31094298 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2019-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last half-century, solid dispersions (SDs) have been intensively investigated as a strategy to improve drugs solubility and dissolution rate, enhancing oral bioavailability. In this review, an overview of the state of the art of SDs technology is presented, focusing on their classification, the main preparation methods, the limitations associated with their instability, and the marketed products. To fully take advantage of SDs potential, an improvement in their physical stability and the ability to prolong the supersaturation of the drug in gastrointestinal fluids is required, as well as a better scientific understanding of scale-up for defining a robust manufacturing process. Taking these limitations into account will contribute to increase the number of marketed pharmaceutical products based on SD technology.
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7
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Almutairi M, Almutairy B, Sarabu S, Almotairy A, Ashour E, Bandari S, Batra A, Tewari D, Durig T, Repka MA. Processability of AquaSolve™ LG polymer by hot-melt extrusion: Effects of pressurized CO 2 on physicomechanical properties and API stability. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019; 52:165-176. [PMID: 31871490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the processability of AquaSolve™ hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate L grade (HPMCAS LG) via hot-melt extrusion and to examine the effect of pressurized carbon dioxide (P-CO2) on the physicomechanical properties of efavirenz (EFA)-loaded extrudates. To optimize the process parameters and formulations, various physical mixtures of EFA (30%, 40%, and 50%, w/w) and HPMCAS LG (70%, 60%, and 50%, w/w), respectively, were extruded using a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with a standard screw configuration, with P-CO2 injected into zone 8 of the extruder. Thermal characterization of the extrudates was performed using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to study the morphology and porosity of the formulations. Notably, the macroscopic morphology changed to a foam-like structure by P-CO2 injection resulting in an increased specific surface area, porosity, and dissolution rate. Thus, HPMCAS LG extrusion, coupled with P-CO2 injection, yielded faster dissolving extrudates. Stability studies indicated that HPMCAS LG was able to physically and chemically stabilize the amorphous state of high-dose EFA. Furthermore, the milling efficiency of the extrudates produced with P-CO2 injection improved because of their increased porosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashan Almutairi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Bjad Almutairy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Sandeep Sarabu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ahmed Almotairy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Eman Ashour
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Suresh Bandari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Amol Batra
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Wilmington, DE 19808, USA
| | - Divya Tewari
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Wilmington, DE 19808, USA
| | - T Durig
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Wilmington, DE 19808, USA
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.,Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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8
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Al-Kasmi B, Al Rahal O, El-Zein H, Nattouf AH. Structural and in vitro in vivo evaluation for taste masking. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2018; 15:1105-1116. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1535590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Basheer Al-Kasmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Syria
| | - Okba Al Rahal
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Hind El-Zein
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Syria
| | - Abdul-Hakim Nattouf
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Syria
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9
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Safna Hussan KP, Thayyil MS, Deshpande SK, Jinitha TV, Manoj K, Ngai KL. Molecular dynamics, physical and thermal stability of neat amorphous amlodipine besylate and in binary mixture. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 119:268-278. [PMID: 29702233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a stable amorphous solid dispersion of an antihypertensive drug, amlodipine besylate (AMB) was prepared by entrapping it in a polymer matrix, polyvinyl pyrrollidone, in different weight ratios (AMB/PVP 05:95, 10:90, 20:80, 30:70). The glass forming ability of all binary dispersions were studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry and found good correlation between experimental Tg and Fox Flory's prediction. By considering the daily dosage limit of 5 mg, a weight ratio of 05:95 was further considered for the study. The structures of neat and binary of AMB were characterized by density functional theory, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy and UV-visible spectroscopy. Further, detailed molecular dynamics of both pure and binary were investigated using broadband dielectric spectroscopy to judge the physical stability of the amorphous dispersions. Translation-rotation coupling of AMB possibly explains the dual conductivity and dipolar nature of the secondary relaxation in neat AMB. Thus, the binary dispersion of AMB with commercially acceptable weight ratio with strong glass forming behaviour and better shelf life was prepared and characterized for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Safna Hussan
- Department of Physics, University of Calicut, Malappuram, 673635, Kerala, India.
| | | | - S K Deshpande
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Mumbai Centre, BARC, Mumbai, 40085, India
| | - T V Jinitha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calicut, Malappuram, 673635, Kerala, India
| | - K Manoj
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Govt. Medical College, Kozhikode, 673008, Kerala, India
| | - K L Ngai
- CNR-IPCF, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
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10
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Chakravarty P, Pandya K, Nagapudi K. Determination of Fragility in Organic Small Molecular Glass Forming Liquids: Comparison of Calorimetric and Spectroscopic Data and Commentary on Pharmaceutical Importance. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:1248-1257. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paroma Chakravarty
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Keyur Pandya
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Karthik Nagapudi
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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11
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Molecular dynamics of amorphous pharmaceutical fenofibrate studied by broadband dielectric spectroscopy. J Pharm Anal 2016; 6:165-170. [PMID: 29403977 PMCID: PMC5762493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Fenofibrate is mainly used to reduce cholesterol level in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease. Thermal transition study with the help of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) shows that the aforesaid active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is a good glass former. Based on our DSC study, the molecular dynamics of this API has been carried out by broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) covering wide temperature and frequency ranges. Dielectric measurements of amorphous fenofibrate were performed after its vitrification by fast cooling from a few degrees above the melting point (Tm=354.11 K) to deep glassy state. The sample does not show any crystallization tendency during cooling and reaches the glassy state. The temperature dependence of the structural relaxation has been fitted by single Vogel–Fulcher–Tamman (VFT) equation. From VFT fit, glass transition temperature (Tg) was estimated as 250.56 K and fragility (m) was determined as 94.02. This drug is classified as a fragile glass former. Deviations of experimental data from Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts (KWW) fits on high-frequency flank of α-peak indicate the presence of an excess wing in fenofibrate. Based on Ngai׳s coupling model, we identified the excess wing as true Johari–Goldstein (JG) process. Below the glass transition temperature one can clearly see a secondary relaxation (γ) with an activation energy of 32.67 kJ/mol.
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12
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Grzybowska K, Capaccioli S, Paluch M. Recent developments in the experimental investigations of relaxations in pharmaceuticals by dielectric techniques at ambient and elevated pressure. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 100:158-82. [PMID: 26705851 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there is a growing interest in improving the physicochemical stability of amorphous pharmaceutical solids due to their very promising applications to manufacture medicines characterized by a better water solubility, and consequently by a higher dissolution rate than those of their crystalline counterparts. In this review article, we show that the molecular mobility investigated both in the supercooled liquid and glassy states is the crucial factor required to understand molecular mechanisms that govern the physical stability of amorphous drugs. We demonstrate that pharmaceuticals can be thoroughly examined by means of the broadband dielectric spectroscopy, which is a very useful experimental technique to explore different relaxation processes and crystallization kinetics as well. Such studies conducted in the wide temperature and pressure ranges provide data needed in searching correlations between properties of molecular dynamics and crystallization process, which are aimed at developing effective and efficient methods for stabilizing amorphous drugs.
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13
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Changes in dynamics of the glass-forming pharmaceutical nifedipine in binary mixtures with octaacetylmaltose. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 97:185-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Saini MK, Murthy SSN. Glass Formation in Binary Solutions of Acetaminophen with Guaifenesin and Mephenesin. J SOLUTION CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-015-0364-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Sibik J, Löbmann K, Rades T, Zeitler JA. Predicting Crystallization of Amorphous Drugs with Terahertz Spectroscopy. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:3062-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Sibik
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3RA, United Kingdom
| | - Korbinian Löbmann
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J. Axel Zeitler
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3RA, United Kingdom
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16
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Influence of Molecular Mobility on the Physical Stability of Amorphous Pharmaceuticals in the Supercooled and Glassy States. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:3048-55. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500229d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Sibik J, Sargent MJ, Franklin M, Zeitler JA. Crystallization and phase changes in paracetamol from the amorphous solid to the liquid phase. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:1326-34. [PMID: 24579729 PMCID: PMC3980750 DOI: 10.1021/mp400768m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
For the case of paracetamol, we show how terahertz time-domain spectroscopy can be used to characterize the solid and liquid phase dynamics. Heating of supercooled amorphous paracetamol from 295 K in a covered sample under vacuum leads to its crystallization at 330 K. First, form III is formed followed by the transformation of form III to form II at 375 K, to form I at 405 K, and finally melting is observed around 455 K. We discuss the difference between the featureless spectra of the supercooled liquid and its liquid melt. Lastly, we studied the onset of crystallization from the supercooled liquid in detail and quantified its kinetics based on the Avrami-Erofeev model. We determined an effective rate constant of k = 0.056 min(-1) with a corresponding onset of crystallization at T = 329.5 K for a heating rate of 0.4 K min(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Sibik
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge , New Museums Site, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3RA, United Kingdom
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18
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Rodrigues AC, Viciosa MT, Danède F, Affouard F, Correia NT. Molecular Mobility of Amorphous S-Flurbiprofen: A Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy Approach. Mol Pharm 2013; 11:112-30. [DOI: 10.1021/mp4002188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. C. Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento de Química, Faculdade
de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - M. T. Viciosa
- CQFM − Centro
de Química-Física Molecular and IN − Institute
of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - F. Danède
- Unité Matériaux et Transformation (UMET), UMR CNRS
8207, UFR de Physique, BAT P5, Université Lille 1, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - F. Affouard
- Unité Matériaux et Transformation (UMET), UMR CNRS
8207, UFR de Physique, BAT P5, Université Lille 1, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - N. T. Correia
- REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento de Química, Faculdade
de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Unité Matériaux et Transformation (UMET), UMR CNRS
8207, UFR de Physique, BAT P5, Université Lille 1, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
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19
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Williams HD, Trevaskis NL, Charman SA, Shanker RM, Charman WN, Pouton CW, Porter CJH. Strategies to address low drug solubility in discovery and development. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 65:315-499. [PMID: 23383426 DOI: 10.1124/pr.112.005660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 985] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs with low water solubility are predisposed to low and variable oral bioavailability and, therefore, to variability in clinical response. Despite significant efforts to "design in" acceptable developability properties (including aqueous solubility) during lead optimization, approximately 40% of currently marketed compounds and most current drug development candidates remain poorly water-soluble. The fact that so many drug candidates of this type are advanced into development and clinical assessment is testament to an increasingly sophisticated understanding of the approaches that can be taken to promote apparent solubility in the gastrointestinal tract and to support drug exposure after oral administration. Here we provide a detailed commentary on the major challenges to the progression of a poorly water-soluble lead or development candidate and review the approaches and strategies that can be taken to facilitate compound progression. In particular, we address the fundamental principles that underpin the use of strategies, including pH adjustment and salt-form selection, polymorphs, cocrystals, cosolvents, surfactants, cyclodextrins, particle size reduction, amorphous solid dispersions, and lipid-based formulations. In each case, the theoretical basis for utility is described along with a detailed review of recent advances in the field. The article provides an integrated and contemporary discussion of current approaches to solubility and dissolution enhancement but has been deliberately structured as a series of stand-alone sections to allow also directed access to a specific technology (e.g., solid dispersions, lipid-based formulations, or salt forms) where required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hywel D Williams
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Sailaja U, Shahin Thayyil M, Krishna Kumar N, Govindaraj G. Molecular dynamics in liquid and glassy states of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug: Ketoprofen. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 49:333-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Johari GP, Khouri J. Non-exponential nature of calorimetric and other relaxations: Effects of 2 nm-size solutes, loss of translational diffusion, isomer specificity, and sample size. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:12A511. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4770056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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22
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Kwon HJ, Kim TH, Ko JH, Hwang YH. Relaxation phenomena in supercooled liquid and glassy acetaminophen studied by dielectric, photon correlation and Brillouin light scattering spectroscopies. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Wojnarowska Z, Swiety-Pospiech A, Grzybowska K, Hawelek L, Paluch M, Ngai KL. Fundamentals of ionic conductivity relaxation gained from study of procaine hydrochloride and procainamide hydrochloride at ambient and elevated pressure. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:164507. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4705274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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24
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Dantuluri AKR, Amin A, Puri V, Bansal AK. Role of α-Relaxation on Crystallization of Amorphous Celecoxib above Tg Probed by Dielectric Spectroscopy. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:814-22. [DOI: 10.1021/mp100411v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay K. R. Dantuluri
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, SAS Nagar (Mohali), Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Aeshna Amin
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, SAS Nagar (Mohali), Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Vibha Puri
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, SAS Nagar (Mohali), Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Arvind K. Bansal
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, SAS Nagar (Mohali), Punjab 160 062, India
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Bhattacharya S, Suryanarayanan R. Molecular Motions in Sucrose-PVP and Sucrose-Sorbitol Dispersions: I. Implications of Global and Local Mobility on Stability. Pharm Res 2011; 28:2191-203. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0447-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Kaminski K, Adrjanowicz K, Wojnarowska Z, Grzybowska K, Hawelek L, Paluch M, Zakowiecki D, Mazgalski J. Molecular dynamics of the cryomilled base and hydrochloride ziprasidones by means of dielectric spectroscopy. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:2642-57. [PMID: 21271564 DOI: 10.1002/jps.22479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cryomilling was applied to obtain amorphous forms of the base ziprasidone and its hydrochloride salt. Complete amorphization of both samples was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray measurements. As it turned out, cryogrinding is very effective way to obtain these drugs in the amorphous state, especially because melting of both ziprazidones accompanies significant chemical decomposition as revealed by ultra performance liquid chromatography examination. Consequently, the glassy state cannot be reached in conventional way, that is, by supercooling of melt. Broadband dielectric relaxation measurements were performed on both drugs to describe their molecular dynamics above as well as below their glass transition temperatures (T(g)). We found out that ziprasidone base and its hydrochloride salt differ in T(g) in the same way as it was previously reported for tramadol monohydrate and its hydrochloride. Moreover, our dielectric studies revealed that molecular mobility is not the main factor controlling kinetics of crystallization of both ziprasidones above their T(g) . Below the T(g) relaxation related to water as well as secondary relaxation process originating from the intermolecular interaction (Johari-Goldstein) were identified in the loss spectra of both materials. We have demonstrated that except of local mobility, water is the dominant factor moving both ziprasidones toward recrystallization process. Finally, we have also carried out solubility measurements to show that dissolution rate of the amorphous ziprasidones is much higher with respect to the crystalline samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kaminski
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
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27
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Rengarajan GT, Enke D, Steinhart M, Beiner M. Size-dependent growth of polymorphs in nanopores and Ostwald's step rule of stages. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:21367-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22679g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Kaminski K, Kaminska E, Adrjanowicz K, Grzybowiska K, Wlodarczyk P, Paluch M, Burian A, Ziolo J, Lepek P, Mazgalski J, Sawicki W. Dielectric relaxation study on tramadol monohydrate and its hydrochloride salt. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:94-106. [PMID: 19475556 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Dielectric relaxation measurements as well as differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction investigations were performed on tramadol monohydrate and its hydrochloride salt. Examined samples do not crystallize during cooling and in consequence they reach the glassy state. In the case of the hydrochloride tramadol we are able to monitor alpha-relaxation process despite large contribution of dc conductivity to the loss spectra. It is the first such study on the salt of the drug. Up to now the dielectric spectroscopy has been regarded as useless in measuring such kind of API (active pharmaceutical ingredient). In this paper we also made some suggestions about the nature of the secondary relaxations in the amorphous tramadol monohydrate and its salt. The knowledge about the molecular mechanisms, which govern the observed secondary relaxations seems to be the key in predicting the stability of the amorphous form of the examined API. Finally additional dissolving measurements on the amorphous and crystal tramadol hydrochloride were performed. As a result we understood that dissolution properties of the amorphous form of the considered drug are comparable to those of crystalline one. However, we have found out that amorphous tramadol hydrochloride has greater ability to form tablets than its crystalline equivalent. This finding shows that amorphous drugs can be alternative even for the freely solved pharmaceuticals such as tramadol hydrochloride, because the former one has better ability to form tablets. It implies that during tabletting of the amorphous drugs there is no need to use any excipients and chemicals improving compaction properties of the API.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kaminski
- Institute of Physics, Silesian University, ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
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29
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Dlubek G, Shaikh MQ, Rätzke K, Pionteck J, Paluch M, Faupel F. Subnanometre size free volumes in amorphous Verapamil hydrochloride: A positron lifetime and PVT study through Tg in comparison with dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. Eur J Pharm Sci 2010; 41:388-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2010.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Johari GP, Kim S, Shanker RM. Dielectric study of equimolar acetaminophen-aspirin, acetaminophen-quinidine, and benzoic acid-progesterone molecular alloys in the glass and ultraviscous states and their relevance to solubility and stability. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:1358-74. [PMID: 19780138 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Equimolar mixtures of acetaminophen-aspirin, acetaminophen-quinidine, and benzoic acid-progesterone have been vitrified and dielectric properties of their glassy and ultraviscous alloys have been studied. For 20 K/min heating rate, their T(g)s are 266, 330, and 263 K, respectively. The relaxation has an asymmetric distribution of times, and the distribution parameter increases with increase in temperature. The dielectric relaxation time varies with T according to the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann equation, log(10)(tau(0)) = A(VFT) + [B(VFT)/(T - T(0))], where A(VFT), B(VFT), and T(0) are empirical constants. The equilibrium permittivity is highest for the aspirin-acetaminophen and lowest for the benzoic acid-progesterone alloy, indicating a substantial interpharmaceutical hydrogen bonding that makes the alloy more stable against crystallization than the pure components. The benzoic acid-progesterone alloy is thermodynamically the most nonideal. It showed cold crystallization on heating, which is attributed to its relatively greater magnitude of the JG relaxation in relation to its alpha-relaxation. It is argued that the difference between the free energy of an alloy and the pure components would have an effect on the solubility. Studies of solution thermodynamics of a glassy molecular alloy may be useful for optimizing choice of components and composition to form molecular alloys and to impact drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Johari
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L7.
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31
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Adrjanowicz K, Kaminski K, Paluch M, Wlodarczyk P, Grzybowska K, Wojnarowska Z, Hawelek L, Sawicki W, Lepek P, Lunio R. Dielectric relaxation studies and dissolution behavior of amorphous verapamil hydrochloride. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:828-39. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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32
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Adrjanowicz K, Wojnarowska Z, Wlodarczyk P, Kaminski K, Paluch M, Mazgalski J. Molecular mobility in liquid and glassy states of Telmisartan (TEL) studied by Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy. Eur J Pharm Sci 2009; 38:395-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2009.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Revised: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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33
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Tombari E, Presto S, Shanker RM, Johari GP. Crystallization Kinetics of Ultraviscous Acetaminophen by Heat Capacity and Enthalpy Measurements and Diffusion Control. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:15293-303. [DOI: 10.1021/jp905010w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Tombari
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici del CNR, via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy, Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - S. Presto
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici del CNR, via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy, Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Ravi M. Shanker
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici del CNR, via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy, Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - G. P. Johari
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici del CNR, via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy, Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont L8S 4L7, Canada
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34
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Bhugra C, Shmeis R, Krill SL, Pikal MJ. Different Measures of Molecular Mobility: Comparison between Calorimetric and Thermally Stimulated Current Relaxation Times Below Tg and Correlation with Dielectric Relaxation Times Above Tg. J Pharm Sci 2008; 97:4498-515. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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35
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Korhonen O, Bhugra C, Pikal MJ. Correlation Between Molecular Mobility and Crystal Growth of Amorphous Phenobarbital and Phenobarbital with Polyvinylpyrrolidone and L‐proline. J Pharm Sci 2008; 97:3830-41. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Brás AR, Noronha JP, Antunes AMM, Cardoso MM, Schönhals A, Affouard F, Dionísio M, Correia NT. Molecular Motions in Amorphous Ibuprofen As Studied by Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:11087-99. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8040428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana R. Brás
- Requimte, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal, Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, D-12205 Berlin, Germany, and Laboratoire de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 8024, UFR de Physique, BAT P5, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - João P. Noronha
- Requimte, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal, Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, D-12205 Berlin, Germany, and Laboratoire de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 8024, UFR de Physique, BAT P5, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Alexandra M. M. Antunes
- Requimte, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal, Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, D-12205 Berlin, Germany, and Laboratoire de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 8024, UFR de Physique, BAT P5, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Maria M. Cardoso
- Requimte, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal, Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, D-12205 Berlin, Germany, and Laboratoire de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 8024, UFR de Physique, BAT P5, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Andreas Schönhals
- Requimte, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal, Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, D-12205 Berlin, Germany, and Laboratoire de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 8024, UFR de Physique, BAT P5, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Frédéric Affouard
- Requimte, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal, Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, D-12205 Berlin, Germany, and Laboratoire de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 8024, UFR de Physique, BAT P5, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Madalena Dionísio
- Requimte, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal, Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, D-12205 Berlin, Germany, and Laboratoire de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 8024, UFR de Physique, BAT P5, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Natália T. Correia
- Requimte, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal, Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, D-12205 Berlin, Germany, and Laboratoire de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 8024, UFR de Physique, BAT P5, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
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Tombari E, Ferrari C, Johari GP, Shanker RM. Calorimetric Relaxation in Pharmaceutical Molecular Glasses and Its Utility in Understanding Their Stability Against Crystallization. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:10806-14. [DOI: 10.1021/jp801794a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Tombari
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici del CNR, via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada, and Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - C. Ferrari
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici del CNR, via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada, and Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - G. P. Johari
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici del CNR, via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada, and Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Ravi M. Shanker
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici del CNR, via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada, and Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340
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Johari GP, Shanker RM. Calorimetric Relaxation and the Glass–Liquid Temperature Range of Acetaminophen–Nifedipine Alloys. J Pharm Sci 2008; 97:3233-44. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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39
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An investigation into the effects of thermal history on the crystallisation behaviour of amorphous paracetamol. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008; 69:364-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2007] [Revised: 09/24/2007] [Accepted: 10/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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40
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Rengarajan GT, Enke D, Steinhart M, Beiner M. Stabilization of the amorphous state of pharmaceuticals in nanopores. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b804266g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Vasconcelos T, Sarmento B, Costa P. Solid dispersions as strategy to improve oral bioavailability of poor water soluble drugs. Drug Discov Today 2007; 12:1068-75. [PMID: 18061887 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2007.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1003] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Revised: 09/05/2007] [Accepted: 09/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Solid dispersions are one of the most promising strategies to improve the oral bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs. By reducing drug particle size to the absolute minimum, and hence improving drug wettability, bioavailability may be significantly improved. They are usually presented as amorphous products, mainly obtained by two major different methods, for example, melting and solvent evaporation. Recently, surfactants have been included to stabilize the formulations, thus avoiding drug recrystallization and potentiating their solubility. New manufacturing processes to obtain solid dispersions have also been developed to reduce the drawbacks of the initial process. In this review, it is intended to discuss the recent advances related on the area of solid dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teófilo Vasconcelos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Aníbal Cunha 164, 4050-047 Porto, Portugal.
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Tombari E, Presto S, Johari GP, Shanker RM. Molecular mobility, thermodynamics and stability of griseofulvin's ultraviscous and glassy states from dynamic heat capacity. Pharm Res 2007; 25:902-12. [PMID: 17899326 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-007-9444-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2007] [Accepted: 08/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the calorimetric relaxation time needed for modeling griseofulvin's stability against crystallization during storage. METHODS Both temperature-modulated and unmodulated scanning calorimetry have been used to determine the heat capacity of griseofulvin in the glassy and melt state. RESULTS The calorimetric relaxation time, tau cal, of its melt varies with the temperature T according to the relation, tau cal [s] = 10(-13.3) exp [2, 292 /(T[K] - 289.5)] , and the distribution of relaxation times parameter is 0.67. The unrelaxed heat capacity of the griseofulvin melt is equal to its vibrational heat capacity. CONCLUSIONS Griseofulvin neither crystallizes on heating to 373 K at 1 K/h rate, nor on cooling. Molecular mobility and vibrational heat capacity measured here are more reliable for modeling a pharmaceutical's stability against crystallization than the currently used kinetics-thermodynamics relations, and molecular mobility in the (fixed structure) glassy state is much greater than the usual extrapolation from the melt state yields. Molecular relaxation time of the glassy state of griseofulvin is about 2 months at 298 K, and longer at lower temperatures. It would spontaneously increase with time. If the long-range motions alone were needed for crystallization, griseofulvin would become more stable against crystallization during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tombari
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici del CNR, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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Marsac PJ, Konno H, Rumondor ACF, Taylor LS. Recrystallization of Nifedipine and Felodipine from Amorphous Molecular Level Solid Dispersions Containing Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and Sorbed Water. Pharm Res 2007; 25:647-56. [PMID: 17846870 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-007-9420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2007] [Accepted: 07/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the physical stability of amorphous molecular level solid dispersions of nifedipine and felodipine, in the presence of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and small amounts of moisture. METHODS Thin amorphous films of nifedipine and felodipine and amorphous molecular level solid dispersions with PVP were stored at various relative humidities (RH) and the nucleation rate was measured. The amount of water sorbed at each RH was measured using isothermal vapor sorption and glass transition temperatures (Tg) were determined using differential scanning calorimetry. The solubility of each compound in methyl pyrrolidone was measured as a function of water content. RESULTS Nifedipine crystallizes more easily than felodipine at any given polymer concentration and in the presence of moisture. The glass transition temperatures of each compound, alone and in the presence of PVP, are statistically equivalent at any given water content. The nifedipine systems are significantly more hygroscopic than the corresponding felodipine systems. CONCLUSIONS Variations in the physical stability of the two compounds could not be explained by differences in Tg. However, the relative physical stability is consistent with differences in the degree of supersaturation of each drug in the solid dispersion, treating the polymer and water as a co-solvent system for each drug compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Marsac
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907 USA
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Johari GP, Kim S, Shanker RM. Dielectric Relaxation and Crystallization of Ultraviscous Melt and Glassy States of Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Progesterone, and Quinidine. J Pharm Sci 2007; 96:1159-75. [PMID: 17455339 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Molecular relaxation in ultraviscous melt and glassy states of aspirin, ibuprofen, progesterone, and quinidine has been studied by dielectric spectroscopy. The asymmetric relaxation spectra is characterized by the Kohlrausch distribution parameter of 0.46 +/- 0.02 for aspirin to 0.67 +/- 0.02 for progesterone. The dielectric relaxation time varies with the temperature, T, according to the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann Equation, log(10)(tau(0)) = A(VFT) + [B(VFT)/(T - T(0))], where A(VFT), B(VFT), and T(0) are empirical constants. The extrapolated tau(0) at calorimetric glass-softening temperature is close to the value expected. The equilibrium permittivity, epsilon(0), is lowest for ibuprofen which indicates an antiparallel orientation of dipoles in its liquid's hydrogen-bonded structure. A decrease in epsilon(0) with time shows that ultraviscous aspirin, progesterone, and quinidine begin to cold-crystallize at a relatively lower temperature than ibuprofen. epsilon(0) of the cold-crystallized phases are, 4.7 for aspirin at 290 K, 2.55 for ibuprofen at 287 K, 2.6 for progesterone at 320 K, and 3.2 for quinidine at 375 K. It is argued that hydrogen-bonding, the Kohlrausch parameter, extent of localized motions and the long-range diffusion times all determine the physical and chemical stability of an amorphous pharmaceutical during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Johari
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L7.
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Beiner M, Rengarajan GT, Pankaj S, Enke D, Steinhart M. Manipulating the crystalline state of pharmaceuticals by nanoconfinement. NANO LETTERS 2007; 7:1381-5. [PMID: 17439189 DOI: 10.1021/nl0705081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We show that nanoconfinement is a handle to rationally produce and stabilize otherwise metastable or transient polymorphs of pharmaceuticals, as required for controllable and efficient drug delivery. The systematic investigation of crystallization under confinement unveils thermodynamic properties of metastable polymorphs not accessible otherwise and may enhance the understanding of the crystallization behavior of pharmaceuticals in general. As an example in this case, we studied acetaminophen confined to inexpensive and biocompatible nanoporous host systems. Calorimetric and X-ray scattering data clearly evidence that either the stable polymorph form I or the metastable polymorph form III can be stabilized in high yields. Thermodynamic parameters for form III of acetaminophen are reported, and strategies to manipulate the crystalline state in pores by thermal treatments are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Beiner
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institut für Physik, D-06099 Halle/Saale, Germany. beiner@ physik.uni-halle.de
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Andersson O, Johari GP, Shanker RM. Effect of Pressure on Molecular and Ionic Motions in Ultraviscous Acetaminophen–Aspirin Mixture. J Pharm Sci 2006; 95:2406-18. [PMID: 16886195 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Effect of pressure and temperature on molecular motions and dc conductivity in ultraviscous, 50 wt% acetaminophen-aspirin melt has been studied by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. The spectra obtained over the pressure range, 5-300 MPa and temperature range, 295-320 K show a distribution of relaxation times greater than found in pure acetaminophen. The equilibrium dielectric permittivity and relaxation time, tau, of the melt increase with increase in pressure and decrease in temperature and the dc conductivity, sigma(dc), decreases. The pressure and temperature variation of the limiting high frequency permittivity shows significant contribution from infrared polarization. The volumes of activation for sigma(dc) and tau vary with both the pressure and temperature, indicating that there is also a structural effect that determine sigma(dc). This effect would add a non-linear term to the Debye-Stokes-Einstein equation for variation of sigma(dc) with tau. The ultraviscous liquid remains stable with time, and with change in temperature and pressure, suggesting that a more stable glassy state of a pharmaceutical may be obtained by mixing a second component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ove Andersson
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
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Johari GP, Andersson O. On the nonlinear variation of dc conductivity with dielectric relaxation time. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:124501. [PMID: 17014185 DOI: 10.1063/1.2353833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The long-known observations that dc conductivity sigma(dc) of an ultraviscous liquid varies nonlinearly with the dielectric relaxation time tau, and the slope of the log sigma(dc) against log tau plot deviates from -1 are currently seen as two of the violations of the Debye-Stokes-Einstein equation. Here we provide a formalism using a zeroth order Bjerrum description for ion association to show that in addition to its variation with temperature T and pressure P, impurity ion population varies with a liquid's equilibrium dielectric permittivity. Inclusion of this electrostatic effect modifies the Debye-Stokes-Einstein equation to log(sigma(dc)tau)=constant+log alpha, where alpha is the T and P-dependent degree of ionic dissociation of an electrolytic impurity. Variation of a liquid's shear modulus with T and P would add to the nonlinearity of sigma(dc)-tau relation, as would a nonequivalence of the shear and dielectric relaxation times, proton transfer along the hydrogen bonds, or occurrence of another chemical process. This is illustrated by using the data for ultraviscous acetaminophen-aspirin liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Johari
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada.
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Tombari E, Presto S, Johari GP, Shanker RM. Dynamic Heat Capacity and Relaxation Time of Ultraviscous Melt and Glassy Acetaminophen. J Pharm Sci 2006; 95:1006-21. [PMID: 16552745 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The real and imaginary components, C'(p) and C''(p), of the complex heat capacity, C*(p)=C'(p)-iC"(p) of supercooled, ultraviscous melt of acetaminophen have been measured at different temperatures during cooling through its vitrification range and during heating through its glass-softening range by using a modulation frequency of 3.3 mHz. From these data, the distribution of relaxation time parameter, beta, and a characteristic (calorimetric or configurational) relaxation time, tau(cal), have been determined. A constant value of 0.65 for beta fits the data, and tau(cal) varies with the temperature according to the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann equation, tau(cal) = 10(-12.95) exp[1813/(T - 240.5)]. This relation differs significantly from the one deduced by others in which the configurational entropy theory was used to deduce tau(cal). The C'(p) and C''(p) values measured during the cooling of its ultraviscous melt and during the heating of its glassy state show a small hysteresis only at low temperatures. These investigations also provide a comparison of calorimetric and dielectric relaxation times in ultraviscous acetaminophen and highlight the role of faster modes of relaxation at low temperatures in organic, molecular glasses that can help in a better understanding of the crystal nucleation process in glasses at T below their T(g).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tombari
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici del CNR, via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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