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Tambe S, Nag S, Pandya SR, Kumar R, Balakrishnan K, Kumar R, Kumar S, Amin P, Gupta PK. Revolutionizing Leishmaniasis Treatment with Cutting Edge Drug Delivery Systems and Nanovaccines: An Updated Review. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1871-1889. [PMID: 38829047 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis, one of the most overlooked tropical diseases, is a life-threatening illness caused by the parasite Leishmania donovani that is prevalent in underdeveloped nations. Over 350 million individuals in more than 90 different nations worldwide are at risk of contracting the disease, which has a current fatality rate of 50 000 mortalities each year. The administration of liposomal Amp B, pentavalent antimonials, and miltefosine are still considered integral components of the chemotherapy regimen. Antileishmanial medications fail to treat leishmaniasis because of their numerous drawbacks. These include inadequate effectiveness, toxicity, undesired side effects, drug resistance, treatment duration, and cost. Consequently, there is a need to overcome the limitations of conventional therapeutics. Nanotechnology has demonstrated promising outcomes in addressing these issues because of its small size and distinctive characteristics, such as enhanced bioavailability, lower toxicity, biodegradability, and targeted drug delivery. This review is an effort to highlight the recent progress in various nanodrug delivery systems (nDDSs) over the past five years for treating leishmaniasis. Although the preclinical outcomes of nDDSs have shown promising treatment for leishmaniasis, further research is needed for their clinical translation. Advancement in three primary priority domains─molecular diagnostics, clinical investigation, and knowledge dissemination and standardization─is imperative to propel the leishmaniasis field toward translational outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srushti Tambe
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019, India
| | - Sagnik Nag
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Shivani R Pandya
- Research and Development Cell & Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat 391760, India
| | - Rohit Kumar
- Centre for Development of Biomaterials and Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Kalpana Balakrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, K.S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu 637215, India
| | - Ranvijay Kumar
- University Centre for Research and Development and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab 140413, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Purnima Amin
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019, India
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Centre for Development of Biomaterials and Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248002, India
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Dhege CT, Kumar P, Choonara YE. Pulmonary drug delivery devices and nanosystems as potential treatment strategies for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Int J Pharm 2024; 657:124182. [PMID: 38697584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite advances in drug delivery technologies, treating acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is challenging due to pathophysiological barriers such as lung injury, oedema fluid build-up, and lung inflammation. Active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) can be delivered directly to the lung site of action with the use of aerosol-based drug delivery devices, and this circumvents the hepatic first-pass effect and improves the bioavailability of drugs. This review discusses the various challenges and barriers for pulmonary drug delivery, current interventions for delivery, considerations for effective drug delivery, and the use of nanoparticle drug delivery carriers as potential strategies for delivering therapeutics in ARDS. Nanosystems have the added benefit of entrapping drugs, increase pulmonary drug bioavailability, and using biocompatible and biodegradable excipients that can facilitate targeted and/or controlled delivery. These systems provide an alternative to existing conventional systems. An effective way to deliver drugs for the treatment of ARDS can be by using colloidal systems that are aerosolized or inhaled. Drug distribution to the deeper pulmonary tissues is necessary due to the significant endothelial cell destruction that is prevalent in ARDS. The particle size of nanoparticles (<0.5 μm) makes them ideal candidates for treating ARDS as they can reach the alveoli. A look into the various potential benefits and limitations of nanosystems used for other lung disorders is also considered to indicate how they may be useful for the potential treatment of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarence T Dhege
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - Yahya E Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
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Ma M, Zhang C, Zhong Z, Wang Y, He X, Zhu D, Qian Z, Yu B, Kang X. siRNA incorporated in slow-release injectable hydrogel continuously silences DDIT4 and regulates nucleus pulposus cell pyroptosis through the ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 axis to alleviate intervertebral disc degeneration. Bone Joint Res 2024; 13:247-260. [PMID: 38771134 PMCID: PMC11107476 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.135.bjr-2023-0320.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims In this investigation, we administered oxidative stress to nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs), recognized DNA-damage-inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4) as a component in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), and devised a hydrogel capable of conveying small interfering RNA (siRNA) to IVDD. Methods An in vitro model for oxidative stress-induced injury in NPCs was developed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the upregulation of DDIT4 expression, activation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP)-NLRP3 signalling pathway, and nucleus pulposus pyroptosis. Furthermore, the mechanism of action of small interfering DDIT4 (siDDIT4) on NPCs in vitro was validated. A triplex hydrogel named siDDIT4@G5-P-HA was created by adsorbing siDDIT4 onto fifth-generation polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer using van der Waals interactions, and then coating it with hyaluronic acid (HA). In addition, we established a rat puncture IVDD model to decipher the hydrogel's mechanism in IVDD. Results A correlation between DDIT4 expression levels and disc degeneration was shown with human nucleus pulposus and needle-punctured rat disc specimens. We confirmed that DDIT4 was responsible for activating the ROS-TXNIP-NLRP3 axis during oxidative stress-induced pyroptosis in rat nucleus pulposus in vitro. Mitochondria were damaged during oxidative stress, and DDIT4 contributed to mitochondrial damage and ROS production. In addition, siDDIT4@G5-P-HA hydrogels showed good delivery activity of siDDIT4 to NPCs. In vitro studies illustrated the potential of the siDDIT4@G5-P-HA hydrogel for alleviating IVDD in rats. Conclusion DDIT4 is a key player in mediating pyroptosis and IVDD in NPCs through the ROS-TXNIP-NLRP3 axis. Additionally, siDDIT4@G5-P-HA hydrogel has been found to relieve IVDD in rats. Our research offers an innovative treatment option for IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chongjing Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Traditional Chinese Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zeyuan Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhangye People’s Hospital Affiliated to Hexi University, Zhangye, China
| | - Xuegang He
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Daxue Zhu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhi Qian
- Department of Joint and Sports Medicine, Institute of Orthopaedic Diseases, Zhangye People's Hospital Affiliated to Hexi University, Zhangye, China
| | - Baoqing Yu
- Shanghai Seventh People’s Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuewen Kang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Bezrodnyi VV, Mikhtaniuk SE, Shavykin OV, Sheveleva NN, Markelov DA, Neelov IM. A Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Complexes of Fullerenes and Lysine-Based Peptide Dendrimers with and without Glycine Spacers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:691. [PMID: 38255765 PMCID: PMC10815860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of new nanocontainers for hydrophobic drugs is one of the most important tasks of drug delivery. Dendrimers with hydrophobic interiors and soluble terminal groups have already been used as drug carriers. However, the most convenient candidates for this purpose are peptide dendrimers since their interiors could be modified by hydrophobic amino acid residues with a greater affinity for the transported molecules. The goal of this work is to perform the first molecular dynamics study of the complex formation of fullerenes C60 and C70 with Lys-2Gly, Lys G2, and Lys G3 peptide dendrimers in water. We carried out such simulations for six different systems and demonstrated that both fullerenes penetrate all these dendrimers and form stable complexes with them. The density and hydrophobicity inside the complex are greater than in dendrimers without fullerene, especially for complexes with Lys-2Gly dendrimers. It makes the internal regions of complexes less accessible to water and counterions and increases electrostatic and zeta potential compared to single dendrimers. The results for complexes based on Lys G2 and Lys G3 dendrimers are similar but less pronounced. Thus, all considered peptide dendrimers and especially the Lys-2Gly dendrimer could be used as nanocontainers for the delivery of fullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriy V. Bezrodnyi
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.V.B.); (O.V.S.); (N.N.S.); (D.A.M.)
| | - Sofia E. Mikhtaniuk
- Center of Chemical Engineering (CCE), St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO University), Kronverkskiy pr. 49, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Oleg V. Shavykin
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.V.B.); (O.V.S.); (N.N.S.); (D.A.M.)
- Center of Chemical Engineering (CCE), St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO University), Kronverkskiy pr. 49, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Department of Mathematics, Tver State University, Sadoviy Per., 35, 170102 Tver, Russia
| | - Nadezhda N. Sheveleva
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.V.B.); (O.V.S.); (N.N.S.); (D.A.M.)
| | - Denis A. Markelov
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.V.B.); (O.V.S.); (N.N.S.); (D.A.M.)
| | - Igor M. Neelov
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.V.B.); (O.V.S.); (N.N.S.); (D.A.M.)
- Center of Chemical Engineering (CCE), St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO University), Kronverkskiy pr. 49, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds RAS, Bolshoi Prospect 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Tudu M, Samanta A. Natural polysaccharides: Chemical properties and application in pharmaceutical formulations. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Recent Advances in Nanomaterials for Asthma Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214427. [PMID: 36430906 PMCID: PMC9696023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease with complex mechanisms, and these patients often encounter difficulties in their treatment course due to the heterogeneity of the disease. Currently, clinical treatments for asthma are mainly based on glucocorticoid-based combination drug therapy; however, glucocorticoid resistance and multiple side effects, as well as the occurrence of poor drug delivery, require the development of more promising treatments. Nanotechnology is an emerging technology that has been extensively researched in the medical field. Several studies have shown that drug delivery systems could significantly improve the targeting, reduce toxicity and improve the bioavailability of drugs. The use of multiple nanoparticle delivery strategies could improve the therapeutic efficacy of drugs compared to traditional delivery methods. Herein, the authors presented the mechanisms of asthma development and current therapeutic methods. Furthermore, the design and synthesis of different types of nanomaterials and micromaterials for asthma therapy are reviewed, including polymetric nanomaterials, solid lipid nanomaterials, cell membranes-based nanomaterials, and metal nanomaterials. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of these nanomaterials are discussed to provide guidance for further research directions and hopefully promote the clinical application of nanotherapeutics in asthma treatment.
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Jamal A, Asseri AH, Ali EMM, El-Gowily AH, Khan MI, Hosawi S, Alsolami R, Ahmed TA. Preparation of 6-Mercaptopurine Loaded Liposomal Formulation for Enhanced Cytotoxic Response in Cancer Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4029. [PMID: 36432314 PMCID: PMC9695241 DOI: 10.3390/nano12224029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP) is a well-known immunosuppressive medication with proven anti-proliferative activities. 6-MP possesses incomplete and highly variable oral absorption due to its poor water solubility, which might reduce its anti-cancer properties. To overcome these negative effects, we developed neutral and positively charged drug-loaded liposomal formulations utilizing the thin-film hydration technique. The prepared liposomal formulations were characterized for their size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency. The average size of the prepared liposomes was between 574.67 ± 37.29 and 660.47 ± 44.32 nm. Positively charged liposomes (F1 and F3) exhibited a lower PDI than the corresponding neutrally charged ones (F2 and F4). Entrapment efficiency was higher in the neutral liposomes when compared to the charged formulation. F1 showed the lowest IC50 against HepG2, HCT116, and MCF-7 cancer cells. HepG2 cells treated with F1 showed the highest level of inhibition of cell proliferation with no evidence of apoptosis. Cell cycle analysis showed an increase in the G1/G0 and S phases, along with a decrease in the G2/M phases in the cell lines treated with drug loaded positively charged liposomes when compared to free positive liposomes, indicating arrest of cells in the S phase due to the stoppage of priming and DNA synthesis outside the mitotic phase. As a result, liposomes could be considered as an effective drug delivery system for treatment of a variety of cancers; they provide a chance that a nanoformulation of 6-MP will boost the cytotoxicity of the drug in a small pharmacological dose which provides a dosage advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alam Jamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer H. Asseri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab M. M. Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Biochemistry Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Afnan H. El-Gowily
- Division of Biochemistry Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Imran Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman Hosawi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alsolami
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek A. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Drug-dendrimer complexes and conjugates: Detailed furtherance through theory and experiments. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 303:102639. [PMID: 35339862 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic nanovectors-based drug delivery has gained significant attention in the past couple of decades. Dendrimers play a crucial role in deciding the solubility of sparingly soluble drug molecules and help in improving pharmacokinetics. A few important steps in drug delivery through dendrimers, such as drug encapsulation, formulation, and target-specific delivery, play an important role in deciding the fate of a drug molecule. It is also of prime importance to understand the interactions between a drug molecule and dendrimers at atomistic levels to decode the mechanism of action of drug-dendrimer complexes and their reliability in terms of drug delivery. Colossal progress in current experimental and computational approaches in the field has resulted in a vast amount of data that needs to be curated to be further implemented efficiently. Improved computational power has led to greater accuracy and prompt predictions of properties of drug-dendrimer complexes and their mechanism of action. The current review encapsulates the pioneering work in the field, experimental achievements in terms of drug delivery, and newer computational techniques employed in the advancement of the field.
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Patel V, Patel P, Patel JV, Patel PM. Dendrimer as a versatile platform for biomedical application: A review. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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10
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Wang Y, Chang RYK, Britton WJ, Chan HK. Advances in the development of antimicrobial peptides and proteins for inhaled therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 180:114066. [PMID: 34813794 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides and proteins (APPs) are becoming increasingly important in targeting multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. APPs is a rapidly emerging area with novel molecules being produced and further optimised to enhance antimicrobial efficacy, while overcoming issues associated with biologics such as potential toxicity and low bioavailability resulting from short half-life. Inhalation delivery of these agents can be an effective treatment of respiratory infections owing to the high local drug concentration in the lungs with lower exposure to systemic circulation hence reducing systemic toxicity. This review describes the recent studies on inhaled APPs, including in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activities, toxicity assessments, and formulation strategies whenever available. The review also includes studies on combination of APPs with other antimicrobial agents to achieve enhanced synergistic antimicrobial effect. Since different APPs have different biological and chemical stabilities, a targeted formulation strategy should be considered for developing stable and inhalable antimicrobial peptides and proteins. These strategies include the use of sodium chloride to reduce electrostatic interaction between APP and extracellular DNA in sputum, the use of D-enantiomers or dendrimers to minimise protease-mediated degradation and or the use of prodrugs to reduce toxicity. Although great effort has been put towards optimising the biological functions of APPs, studies assessing biological stability in inhalable aerosols are scarce, particularly for novel molecules. As such, formulation and manufacture of inhalable liquid and powder formulations of APPs are underexplored, yet they are crucial areas of research for clinical translation.
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Asdaq SMB, Ikbal AMA, Sahu RK, Bhattacharjee B, Paul T, Deka B, Fattepur S, Widyowati R, Vijaya J, Al mohaini M, Alsalman AJ, Imran M, Nagaraja S, Nair AB, Attimarad M, Venugopala KN. Nanotechnology Integration for SARS-CoV-2 Diagnosis and Treatment: An Approach to Preventing Pandemic. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1841. [PMID: 34361227 PMCID: PMC8308419 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak is the COVID-19 disease, which has caused massive health devastation, prompting the World Health Organization to declare a worldwide health emergency. The corona virus infected millions of people worldwide, and many died as a result of a lack of particular medications. The current emergency necessitates extensive therapy in order to stop the spread of the coronavirus. There are various vaccinations available, but no validated COVID-19 treatments. Since its outbreak, many therapeutics have been tested, including the use of repurposed medications, nucleoside inhibitors, protease inhibitors, broad spectrum antivirals, convalescence plasma therapies, immune-modulators, and monoclonal antibodies. However, these approaches have not yielded any outcomes and are mostly used to alleviate symptoms associated with potentially fatal adverse drug reactions. Nanoparticles, on the other hand, may prove to be an effective treatment for COVID-19. They can be designed to boost the efficacy of currently available antiviral medications or to trigger a rapid immune response against COVID-19. In the last decade, there has been significant progress in nanotechnology. This review focuses on the virus's basic structure, pathogenesis, and current treatment options for COVID-19. This study addresses nanotechnology and its applications in diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and targeted vaccine delivery, laying the groundwork for a successful pandemic fight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abu Md Ashif Ikbal
- Department of Pharmacy, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar 799022, Tripura (W), India;
| | - Ram Kumar Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam University (A Central University), Silchar 788011, Assam, India
| | - Bedanta Bhattacharjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India; (B.B.); (T.P.); (B.D.)
| | - Tirna Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India; (B.B.); (T.P.); (B.D.)
| | - Bhargab Deka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India; (B.B.); (T.P.); (B.D.)
| | - Santosh Fattepur
- School of Pharmacy, Management and Science University, Seksyen 13, Shah Alam 40100, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Retno Widyowati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia;
| | - Joshi Vijaya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Government College of Pharmacy, Bangalore 560027, Karnataka, India;
| | - Mohammed Al mohaini
- Basic Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Alahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Alahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkhaliq J. Alsalman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohd. Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sreeharsha Nagaraja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (S.N.); (A.B.N.); (M.A.); (K.N.V.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Off Sarjapura Road, Bangalore 560035, India
| | - Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (S.N.); (A.B.N.); (M.A.); (K.N.V.)
| | - Mahesh Attimarad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (S.N.); (A.B.N.); (M.A.); (K.N.V.)
| | - Katharigatta N. Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (S.N.); (A.B.N.); (M.A.); (K.N.V.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa
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Somszor K, Allison-Logan S, Karimi F, McKenzie T, Fu Q, O'Connor A, Qiao G, Heath D. Amphiphilic Core Cross-Linked Star Polymers for the Delivery of Hydrophilic Drugs from Hydrophobic Matrices. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:2554-2562. [PMID: 33983713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of hydrophilic drugs from hydrophobic polymers is a long-standing challenge in the biomaterials field due to the limited solubility of the therapeutic agent within the polymer matrix. In this work, we develop a drug delivery mechanism that enables the impregnation and subsequent elution of hydrophilic drugs from a hydrophobic polymer material. This was achieved by synthesizing core cross-linked star polymer amphiphiles with hydrophilic cores and hydrophobic coronas. While significant work has been done to create nanocarriers for hydrophilic drugs, this work is distinct from previous work in that it designs amphiphilic and core cross-linked particles for controlled release from hydrophobic matrices. Ultraviolet-mediated atom transfer radical polymerization was used to synthesize the poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrophilic cores of the star polymers, and hydrophobic coronas of poly(caprolactone) (PCL) were then built onto the stars using ring-opening polymerization. We illustrated the cytocompatibility of PCL loaded with these star polymers through human endothelial cell adhesion and proliferation for up to 7 days, with star loadings of up to 40 wt %. We demonstrated successful loading of the hydrophilic drug heparin into the star polymer core, achieving a loading efficiency and content of 50 and 5%, respectively. Finally, the heparin-loaded star polymers were incorporated into a PCL matrix and sustained release of heparin was illustrated for over 40 days. These results support the use of core cross-linked star polymer amphiphiles for the delivery of hydrophilic drugs from hydrophobic polymer matrices. These materials were developed for application as drug-eluting and biodegradable coronary artery stents, but this flexible drug delivery platform could have impact in a broad range of medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Somszor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 VIC, Australia
| | - Stephanie Allison-Logan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 VIC, Australia.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 VIC, Australia
| | - Fatemeh Karimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 VIC, Australia.,Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Thomas McKenzie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 VIC, Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 VIC, Australia.,Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Andrea O'Connor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 VIC, Australia
| | - Greg Qiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel Heath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 VIC, Australia
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13
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14
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Yang D. Application of Nanotechnology in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:623-649. [PMID: 33531805 PMCID: PMC7847377 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s296383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, has been prevalent worldwide for almost a year. In early 2000, there was an outbreak of SARS-CoV, and in early 2010, a similar dissemination of infection by MERS-CoV occurred. However, no clear explanation for the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and a massive increase in the number of infections has yet been proposed. The best solution to overcome this pandemic is the development of suitable and effective vaccines and therapeutics. Fortunately, for SARS-CoV-2, the genome sequence and protein structure have been published in a short period, making research and development for prevention and treatment relatively easy. In addition, intranasal drug delivery has proven to be an effective method of administration for treating viral lung diseases. In recent years, nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have been applied to intranasal drug delivery to overcome various limitations that occur during mucosal administration, and advances have been made to the stage where effective drug delivery is possible. This review describes the accumulated knowledge of the previous SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections and aims to help understand the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, it elucidates the achievements in developing COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics to date through existing approaches. Finally, the applicable nanotechnology approach is described in detail, and vaccines and therapeutic drugs developed based on nanomedicine, which are currently undergoing clinical trials, have presented the potential to become innovative alternatives for overcoming COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongki Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
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15
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Thubelihle Ndebele R, Yao Q, Shi YN, Zhai YY, Xu HL, Lu CT, Zhao YZ. Progress in the Application of Nano- and Micro-based Drug Delivery Systems in Pulmonary Drug Delivery. BIO INTEGRATION 2021. [DOI: 10.15212/bioi-2021-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is associated with the development of particles in the nano-size range that can be used in a wide range of applications in the medical field. It has gained more importance in the pharmaceutical research field particularly in drug delivery, as it results in enhanced therapeutic drug performance, improved drug solubility, targeted drug delivery to the specific sites, minimized side effects, and prolonged drug retention time in the targeted site. To date, the application of nanotechnology continues to offer several benefits in the treatment of various chronic diseases and results in remarkable improvements in treatment outcomes. The use of nano-based delivery systems such as liposomes, micelles, and nanoparticles in pulmonary drug delivery have shown to be a promising strategy in achieving drug deposition and maintained controlled drug release in the lungs. They have been widely used to minimize the risks of drug toxicity in vivo. In this review, recent advances in the application of nano- and micro-based delivery systems in pulmonary drug delivery for the treatment of various pulmonary diseases, such as lung cancer, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, are highlighted. Limitations in the application of these drug delivery systems and some key strategies in improving their formulation properties to overcome challenges encountered in drug delivery are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qing Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yan-Nan Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - He-Lin Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Cui-Tao Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Ying-Zheng Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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16
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Hassanpour S, Kim HJ, Saadati A, Tebon P, Xue C, van den Dolder FW, Thakor J, Baradaran B, Mosafer J, Baghbanzadeh A, de Barros NR, Hashemzaei M, Lee KJ, Lee J, Zhang S, Sun W, Cho HJ, Ahadian S, Ashammakhi N, Dokmeci MR, Mokhtarzadeh A, Khademhosseini A. Thrombolytic Agents: Nanocarriers in Controlled Release. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2001647. [PMID: 32790000 PMCID: PMC7702193 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202001647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thrombosis is a life-threatening pathological condition in which blood clots form in blood vessels, obstructing or interfering with blood flow. Thrombolytic agents (TAs) are enzymes that can catalyze the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin to dissolve blood clots. The plasmin formed by TAs breaks down fibrin clots into soluble fibrin that finally dissolves thrombi. Several TAs have been developed to treat various thromboembolic diseases, such as pulmonary embolisms, acute myocardial infarction, deep vein thrombosis, and extensive coronary emboli. However, systemic TA administration can trigger non-specific activation that can increase the incidence of bleeding. Moreover, protein-based TAs are rapidly inactivated upon injection resulting in the need for large doses. To overcome these limitations, various types of nanocarriers have been introduced that enhance the pharmacokinetic effects by protecting the TA from the biological environment and targeting the release into coagulation. The nanocarriers show increasing half-life, reducing side effects, and improving overall TA efficacy. In this work, the recent advances in various types of TAs and nanocarriers are thoroughly reviewed. Various types of nanocarriers, including lipid-based, polymer-based, and metal-based nanoparticles are described, for the targeted delivery of TAs. This work also provides insights into issues related to the future of TA development and successful clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soodabeh Hassanpour
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 12, Olomouc, 77146, Czech Republic
| | - Han-Jun Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT) and California NanoSystems Institute University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Arezoo Saadati
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 516614731, Iran
| | - Peyton Tebon
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT) and California NanoSystems Institute University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Chengbin Xue
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT) and California NanoSystems Institute University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Floor W van den Dolder
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT) and California NanoSystems Institute University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, GA, 3508, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, CT, 3584, The Netherlands
| | - Jai Thakor
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT) and California NanoSystems Institute University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 516614731, Iran
| | - Jafar Mosafer
- Research Center of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, 9519633787, Iran
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 516614731, Iran
| | - Natan Roberto de Barros
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT) and California NanoSystems Institute University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mahmoud Hashemzaei
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, 9861618335, Iran
| | - Kang Ju Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT) and California NanoSystems Institute University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Junmin Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT) and California NanoSystems Institute University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shiming Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT) and California NanoSystems Institute University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Wujin Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT) and California NanoSystems Institute University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hyun-Jong Cho
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT) and California NanoSystems Institute University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT) and California NanoSystems Institute University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Nureddin Ashammakhi
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT) and California NanoSystems Institute University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Radiology and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mehmet R Dokmeci
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT) and California NanoSystems Institute University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Radiology and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 516614731, Iran
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT) and California NanoSystems Institute University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Radiology and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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17
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Ouyang H, Zheng Z, Chen Y, Liu Y, Hong C, Zhu Y, Deng J, Ding X, Zhou W, Wang X. A magnetically modified black phosphorus nanosheet-based heparin delivery platform for preventing DVT accurately. J Mater Chem B 2020; 7:6099-6108. [PMID: 31549695 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01459d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A new heparin targeting delivery platform was developed based on iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles and polyethyleneimine (PEI) functionalized black phosphorus nanosheets (BP NSs). Both in and ex vivo studies suggested that this drug delivery platform (PEI/Fe3O4@BP NSs) possessed high heparin loading capacity (≈450%), accurate magnetic enrichment capacity, and good biocompatibility. With the aid of near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation, this BP NS based delivery platform could further enhance the photothermal thrombolysis effect. Most importantly, the experiments in vivo confirmed that the proposed PEI/Fe3O4@BP NSs could considerably prolong the effective drug concentration duration of heparin. By which means, accurate, long-acting, and effective thromboprophylaxis could be accomplished with limited drug dosage, which could radically reduce the perniciousness of drug overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Ouyang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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18
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Kharwade R, More S, Warokar A, Agrawal P, Mahajan N. Starburst pamam dendrimers: Synthetic approaches, surface modifications, and biomedical applications. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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19
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Santos A, Veiga F, Figueiras A. Dendrimers as Pharmaceutical Excipients: Synthesis, Properties, Toxicity and Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 13:E65. [PMID: 31877717 PMCID: PMC6981751 DOI: 10.3390/ma13010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the Current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) in the United States of America, define excipient as the constituents of the pharmaceutical form other than the active ingredient, i.e., any component that is intended to furnish pharmacological activity. Although dendrimers do not have a pharmacopoeia monograph and, therefore, cannot be recognized as a pharmaceutical excipient, these nanostructures have received enormous attention from researchers. Due to their unique properties, like the nanoscale uniform size, a high degree of branching, polyvalency, aqueous solubility, internal cavities, and biocompatibility, dendrimers are ideal as active excipients, enhancing the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. The fact that the dendrimer's properties are controllable during their synthesis render them promising agents for drug-delivery applications in several pharmaceutical formulations. Additionally, dendrimers can be used for reducing the drug toxicity and for the enhancement of the drug efficacy. This review aims to discuss the properties that turn dendrimers into pharmaceutical excipients and their potential applications in the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.S.); (F.V.)
| | - Francisco Veiga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.S.); (F.V.)
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Figueiras
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.S.); (F.V.)
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
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20
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Stolarska M, Gucwa K, Urbańczyk-Lipkowska Z, Andruszkiewicz R. Peptide dendrimers as antifungal agents and carriers for potential antifungal agent-N 3 -(4-methoxyfumaroyl)-(S)-2,3-diaminopropanoic acid-synthesis and antimicrobial activity. J Pept Sci 2019; 26:e3226. [PMID: 31845463 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A series of peptide dendrimers and their conjugates with antimicrobial agent FMDP (N3 -(4-methoxyfumaroyl)-(S)-2,3-diamino-propanoic acid) were synthesized. The obtained compounds were tested for the antibacterial and antifungal activity. All novel dendrimers displayed much better activity against the tested strains than FMDP itself. Moreover, their conjugates with FMDP also exhibited antimicrobial activity. The most promising molecules were tested against a broad selection of fungal strains. The analysis of their antifungal properties indicates that the examined molecules are efficient growth inhibitors of fluconazole-resistant hospital-acquired strains. Moreover, an application of amphiphilic branched peptides such as FMDP carriers suggests that transport mechanism involves more likely the cell membrane perturbation than the mediation of the specific transport proteins. The activity of obtained compounds strongly depends on the specific structure of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarzyna Gucwa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
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21
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Yan C, Gu J, Lv Y, Shi W, Wang Y, Liao Y, Deng Y. Caproyl-Modified G2 PAMAM Dendrimer (G2-AC) Nanocomplexes Increases the Pulmonary Absorption of Insulin. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:298. [PMID: 31456109 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1505-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the absorption-enhancing effect (AEE) of caproyl-modified G2 PAMAM dendrimer (G2-AC) on peptide and protein drugs via the pulmonary route. In this study, G2 PAMAM dendrimer conjugates modified with caproic acid was synthesized, the pulmonary absorption of insulin as models with or without G2-AC were evaluated. The results indicated that G2-AC6 exhibited a greatest AEE for insulin in various caproylation levels of G2-AC. G2-AC6 could significantly enhance the absorption of insulin, and the AEE of G2-AC6 was concentration-dependent. In toxicity tests, G2-AC6 displayed no measurable cytotoxicity to the pulmonary membranes over a concentration range from 0.1% (w/v) to 1.0% (w/v). Measurements of the TEER and permeability showed that G2-AC6 significantly reduced the TEER value of CF and increased its Papp value. The results suggested that G2-AC6 could cross epithelial cells by means of a combination of paracellular and transcellular pathways. These findings suggested G2-AC6 at lower concentrations (below 1.0%, w/v) might be promising absorption enhancers for increasing the pulmonary absorption of peptide and protein drugs.
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22
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Ghadiri M, Young PM, Traini D. Strategies to Enhance Drug Absorption via Nasal and Pulmonary Routes. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11030113. [PMID: 30861990 PMCID: PMC6470976 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11030113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
New therapeutic agents such as proteins, peptides, and nucleic acid-based agents are being developed every year, making it vital to find a non-invasive route such as nasal or pulmonary for their administration. However, a major concern for some of these newly developed therapeutic agents is their poor absorption. Therefore, absorption enhancers have been investigated to address this major administration problem. This paper describes the basic concepts of transmucosal administration of drugs, and in particular the use of the pulmonary or nasal routes for administration of drugs with poor absorption. Strategies for the exploitation of absorption enhancers for the improvement of pulmonary or nasal administration are discussed, including use of surfactants, cyclodextrins, protease inhibitors, and tight junction modulators, as well as application of carriers such as liposomes and nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Ghadiri
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Paul M Young
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Daniela Traini
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
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23
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Mehta P, Kadam S, Pawar A, Bothiraja C. Dendrimers for pulmonary delivery: current perspectives and future challenges. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01591d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers and dendrimer-based delivery systems are potential biomedicines in the rapidly growing field of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Mehta
- Department of Quality Assurance
- Poona College of Pharmacy
- Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University)
- Pune 38
- India
| | - Shivajirao Kadam
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Bhavan
- Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University)
- Pune 30
- India
| | - Atmaram Pawar
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Poona College of Pharmacy
- Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University)
- Pune 411038
- India
| | - C. Bothiraja
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Poona College of Pharmacy
- Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University)
- Pune 411038
- India
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24
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Akhtar F, Wan X, Wu G, Kesse S, Wang S, He S. Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins: Reduced Size Particulate Systems for Improved Therapeutic Outcomes. Molecules 2018; 23:E1757. [PMID: 30021958 PMCID: PMC6100363 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide range of diseases have been treated using low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs), the drug of choice for anticoagulation. Owing to their better pharmacokinetic features compared to those of unfractionated heparin (uFH), several systems incorporating LMWHs have been investigated to deliver and improve their therapeutic outcomes, especially through development of their micro- and nano-particles. This review article describes current perspectives on the fabrication, characterization, and application of LMWHs-loaded micro- and nano-particles to achieve ameliorated bioavailability. The valuable applications of LMWH will continue to encourage researchers to identify efficient delivery systems that have specific release characteristics and ameliorated bioavailability, overcoming the challenges presented by biological obstructions and the physicochemical properties of LMWHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Akhtar
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Xinyu Wan
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Gang Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Samuel Kesse
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Shaoda Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Shuying He
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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25
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Yang T, Ferrill L, Gallant L, McGillicuddy S, Fernandes T, Schields N, Bai S. Verapamil and riluzole cocktail liposomes overcome pharmacoresistance by inhibiting P-glycoprotein in brain endothelial and astrocyte cells: A potent approach to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 120:30-39. [PMID: 29704642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Riluzole is currently one of two approved medications for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, brain disposition of riluzole, as a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), is limited by the efflux transporters at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We propose to develop a liposomal co-delivery system that could effectively transport riluzole to brain cells by reducing efflux pumps with a P-gp inhibitor, verapamil. Riluzole and verapamil cocktail liposomes were prepared by lipid film hydration. The average particle size of cocktail liposomes was 194.3 ± 6.0 nm and their polydispersity index (PDI) was 0.272 ± 0.017. The encapsulation efficiencies of verapamil and riluzole in the cocktail liposomes were 86.0 ± 1.4% and 85.6 ± 1.1%, respectively. The drug release from cocktail liposomes after 8 h in PBS at 37 °C was 78.4 ± 6.2% of riluzole and 76.7 ± 3.8% of verapamil. The average particle size of liposomes did not show significant changes at 4 °C after three months. Verapamil cocktail liposomes inhibited P-gp levels measured by western blotting in dose and time-dependent manners in brain endothelial bEND.3 cells. Increased drug efflux transporters were detected in bEND.3 and astrocytes C8D1A cells, promoted by tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Restored accumulations of riluzole and fluorescent dye rhodamine 123 were observed in bEND.3 cells after treatments with cocktail liposomes. It indicated that inhibitory potential of co-delivery liposome system towards P-gp could mediate the transport of both P-gp substrates. Verapamil and riluzole co-loaded liposomes may be used to overcome pharmacoresistance of riluzole for improving ALS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhi Yang
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, 1 College Circle, Bangor, ME 04401, United States
| | - Laine Ferrill
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, 1 College Circle, Bangor, ME 04401, United States
| | - Leanne Gallant
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, 1 College Circle, Bangor, ME 04401, United States
| | - Sarah McGillicuddy
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, 1 College Circle, Bangor, ME 04401, United States
| | - Tatiana Fernandes
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, 1 College Circle, Bangor, ME 04401, United States
| | - Nicole Schields
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, 1 College Circle, Bangor, ME 04401, United States
| | - Shuhua Bai
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, 1 College Circle, Bangor, ME 04401, United States.
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Santander-Ortega M, Plaza-Oliver M, Rodríguez-Robledo V, Castro-Vázquez L, Villaseca-González N, González-Fuentes J, Marcos P, Arroyo-Jiménez M, Lozano M. Colloids for drug delivery to the brain. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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The interaction of dendrimer-doxorubicin conjugates with a model pulmonary epithelium and their cosolvent-free, pseudo-solution formulations in pressurized metered-dose inhalers. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 109:86-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Elkin I, Banquy X, Barrett CJ, Hildgen P. Non-covalent formulation of active principles with dendrimers: Current state-of-the-art and prospects for further development. J Control Release 2017; 264:288-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Marasini N, Haque S, Kaminskas LM. Polymer-drug conjugates as inhalable drug delivery systems: A review. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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30
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Giorgi-Coll S, Blunt-Foley H, Hutchinson PJ, Carpenter KLH. Heparin-gold nanoparticles for enhanced microdialysis sampling. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:5031-5042. [PMID: 28664332 PMCID: PMC5534206 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0447-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral microdialysis is a sampling technique which offers much potential for understanding inflammatory pathophysiology following traumatic brain injury (TBI). At present, the recovery of cytokines via microdialysis in clinical studies is not straightforward primarily due to their size, steric properties and low concentrations. Heparin and heparin-coated microspheres have previously shown promise as cytokine-binding agents for enhanced microdialysis sampling in animal models (Duo and Stenken in Anal Bioanal Chem 399(2):773–82, 2011; Anal Bioanal Chem 399(2):783–93, 2011). However, there are several factors limiting application for microdialysis in patients. The aim of this study was to produce heparin-coated gold nanoparticles as cytokine capture agents for enhanced microdialysis sampling, potentially applicable to a clinical setting. Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) were chemically conjugated to heparin via a bifunctional polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker. The heparin-AuNP (AuNP-Hep) were characterised, demonstrating the successful addition of heparin to the gold surface. The performance of the AuNP-Hep during in vitro testing was compared both to current methodology (Helmy et al. in J Neurotrauma 26(4):549–61, 2009) and to the heparin-coated microspheres developed by Duo and Stenken (Anal Bioanal Chem 399(2):773–82, 2011; Anal Bioanal Chem 399(2):783–93, 2011). The AuNP-Hep yielded a higher recovery of cytokines compared to current methodology and heparin-coated microspheres, during in vitro testing designed to mimic the human environment and the intensive care unit. In this study, AuNP-Hep were developed for enhanced microdialysis sampling of cytokines, potentially applicable in a clinical setting. Based on the success of the AuNP-Hep in vitro, the proposed method offers an alternative to the use of current protocols that rely on a blood product (albumin) for microdialysis sampling of cytokines in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Giorgi-Coll
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Box 167, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Holly Blunt-Foley
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Box 167, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Peter J Hutchinson
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Box 167, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.,Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Box 65, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Keri L H Carpenter
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Box 167, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.,Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Box 65, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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Perspectives on dendritic architectures and their biological applications: From core to cell. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 173:61-83. [PMID: 28564631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The challenges of medicine today include the increasing stipulation for sensitive and effective systems that can improve the pathological responses with a simultaneous reduction in accumulation and drug side effects. The demand can be fulfilled through the advancements in nanomedicine that includes nanostructures and nanodevices for diagnosing, treating, and prevention of various diseases. In this respect, the nanoscience provides various novel techniques with carriers such as micelles, dendrimers, particles and vesicles for the transportation of active moieties. Further, an efficient way to improve these systems is through stimuli a responsive system that utilizes supramolecular hyperbranched structures to meet the above criteria. The stimuli-responsive dendritic architectures exhibit spatial, temporal, convenient, effective, safety and controlled drug release in response to specific trigger through electrostatic interactions plus π stacking. The stimuli-responsive systems are capable of sequestering the drug molecules underneath a predefined set of conditions and discharge them in a different environment through either exogenous or endogenous stimulus. The incorporation of photoresponsive moieties at various components of dendrimer such as core, branches or at the peripheral end exaggerates its significance in various allied fields of nanotechnology which includes sensors, photoswitch, electronic widgets and in drug delivery systems. This is due to the light instigated geometrical modifications at the core or at the surface molecules which generates huge conformational changes throughout the hyperbranched structure. Further, numerous synthetic methodologies have been investigated for utilization of dendrimers in therapeutic drug delivery and its applicability towards stimuli responsive systems such as photo-instigated, thermal-instigated, and pH-instigated hyperbranched structures and their advancement in the field of nanomedicine. This paper highlights the fascinating theoretical advances and principal mechanisms of dendrimer synthesis and their ability to capture light that strengthens its applicability from radiant energy to medical photonics.
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Yan C, Gu J, Lv Y, Shi W, Jing H. Improved intestinal absorption of water-soluble drugs by acetylation of G2 PAMAM dendrimer nanocomplexes in rat. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2017; 7:408-415. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0373-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Abstract
Nanoparticles, structures of less than 200 nm capable of delivering pharmacotherapeutics to sites of disease, have shown great promise for the treatment of many disease states. While no nanoparticle therapies for deep vein thrombosis are currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration, many of the unique features of these therapies have the potential to treat both deep vein thrombosis and its most significant sequela, postthrombotic syndrome, while limiting the hemorrhagic complications of current antithrombotic therapies. Nanoparticles are complex structures with several important variables that must be considered to engineer effective therapies. This article will review the structure and engineering of nanoparticles, as well as promising molecular targets for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Jacobs
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Chandu Vemuri
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Välimäki S, Khakalo A, Ora A, Johansson LS, Rojas OJ, Kostiainen MA. Effect of PEG–PDMAEMA Block Copolymer Architecture on Polyelectrolyte Complex Formation with Heparin. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:2891-900. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salla Välimäki
- Biohybrid
Materials, Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Alexey Khakalo
- Biobased
Colloids and Materials, Department of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Ari Ora
- Biohybrid
Materials, Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Leena-Sisko Johansson
- Biobased
Colloids and Materials, Department of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Biobased
Colloids and Materials, Department of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Mauri A. Kostiainen
- Biohybrid
Materials, Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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35
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The melding of nanomedicine in thrombosis imaging and treatment: a review. Future Sci OA 2016; 2:FSO113. [PMID: 28031960 PMCID: PMC5138016 DOI: 10.4155/fso.16.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thromboembolic diseases constitute a plague in our century, wherein an imbalance of hemostasis leads to thrombus formation and vessels constriction reducing blood flow. Hence, the recent rise of nanomedicine gives birth to advanced diagnostic modalities and therapeutic agents for the early diagnosis and treatment of such diseases. Multimodal nanoagents for the detection of intravascular thrombi and nanovehicles for thrombus-targeted fibrinolytic therapy are few paradigms of nanomedicine approaches to overcome current diagnostic treatment roadblocks and persistent clinical needs. This review highlights the nanomedicine strategies to improve the imaging and therapy of acute thrombi by nanoparticles and nanotheranostics, the detailed imaging of thrombogenic proteins and platelets via atomic force microscopy with the knowledge basis of thrombosis pathophysiology and nanotoxicity. Lay abstract: The present review highlights the perspectives of nanomedicine in enhancing the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to deal with thrombosis. The basics in thrombosis are highlighted to provide the reader with better comprehension of the application of nanotools and various multimodal nanocarriers for diagnosis, targeted therapy and monitoring of the disease. The visualization and treatment of acute thrombi using multifunctional nanoparticles and nanotheranostics, along with the structural investigation of the blood-clotting proteins exploiting the atomic force microscopy capabilities are comprehensively described. At the same time, toxicity and biocompatibility issues regarding nanoparticles are discussed.
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Wangpradit O, Adamcakova-Dodd A, Heitz K, Robertson L, Thorne PS, Luthe G. PAMAM dendrimers as nano carriers to investigate inflammatory responses induced by pulmonary exposure of PCB metabolites in Sprague-Dawley rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:2128-2137. [PMID: 26400242 PMCID: PMC4803647 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) persist and accumulate in the ecosystem depending upon the degree of chlorination of the biphenyl rings. Airborne PCBs are especially susceptible to oxidative metabolism, yielding mono- and di-hydroxy metabolites. We have previously demonstrated that 4-chlorobiphenyl hydroquinones (4-CB-HQs) acted as cosubstrates for arachidonic acid metabolism by prostaglandin H synthase (PGHS) and resulted in an increase of prostaglandin production in vitro. In the present study, we tested the capability of 4-CB-HQ to act as a co-substrate for PGHS catalysis in vivo. BQ and 4-CB-2',5'-HQ were administered intratracheally to male Sprague-Dawley rats (2.5 μmol/kg body weight) using nanosized polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers as carriers. We found that 24 h post application, PGE2 metabolites in kidney of rats treated with 4-CB-2',5'-HQ were significantly increased compared to the controls. The increase of PGE2 metabolites was correlated with increased alveolar macrophages in lung lavage fluid. The elevation of PGE2 synthesis is of great interest since it plays a crucial role in balancing homeostasis and inflammation where a chronic disturbance may increase risk of cancer. PAMAM dentrimers proved to be an effective transport medium and did not stimulate an inflammatory response themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orarat Wangpradit
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, 100 Oakdale Campus, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, UI Research Park, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Sirindhorn College of Public Health, Bansuan, Muang, Chonburi, 20000, Thailand
| | - Andrea Adamcakova-Dodd
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, UI Research Park, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Pulmonary Toxicology Facility, Environmental Health Science Research Center, The University of Iowa, UI Research Park, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Katharina Heitz
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, UI Research Park, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Larry Robertson
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, 100 Oakdale Campus, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, UI Research Park, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Peter S Thorne
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, 100 Oakdale Campus, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, UI Research Park, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Pulmonary Toxicology Facility, Environmental Health Science Research Center, The University of Iowa, UI Research Park, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Gregor Luthe
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, 100 Oakdale Campus, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, UI Research Park, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Institute for Life Science and Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands.
- Luthe-Pharma, Fabrikstrasse 3, 48599, Gronau, Germany.
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Esmaeili M, Aghajani M, Abbasalipourkabir R, Amani A. Budesonide-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for pulmonary delivery: preparation, optimization, and aerodynamic behavior. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 44:1964-1971. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2015.1129614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anticoagulants have been prescribed to patients to prevent deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. However, because of several problems in anticoagulant therapy, much attention has been directed at developing an ideal anticoagulant, and numerous attempts have been made to develop new anticoagulant delivery systems in recent years. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the challenges associated with the recent development of anticoagulants and their delivery systems. Various delivery methods have been developed to improve the use of anticoagulants. Recent advances in anticoagulant delivery and antidote development are also discussed in the context of their current progression states. EXPERT OPINION There have been many different approaches to developing the delivery system of anticoagulants. One approach has been to expand the use of new oral agents and develop their antidotes. Reducing the size of heparins to use smaller heparins for delivery, and developing oral or topical heparins are also some of the approaches used. Various physical formulations or chemical modifications are other ways that have enhanced the therapeutic potential of anticoagulant agents. On the whole, recent advances have contributed to increasing the efficacy and safety of anticoagulant clinically and have benefited the field of anticoagulant delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooho Park
- a Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Youngro Byun
- a Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Ibrahim SS, Osman R, Awad GAS, Mortada ND, Geneidy AS. Low molecular weight heparins for current and future uses: approaches for micro- and nano-particulate delivery. Drug Deliv 2015; 23:2661-2667. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2015.1046570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa S. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassyia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rihab Osman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassyia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gehanne A. S. Awad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassyia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nahed D. Mortada
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassyia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed-Shawky Geneidy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassyia, Cairo, Egypt
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40
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Jogala S, Rachamalla SS, Aukunuru J. Development of subcutaneous sustained release nanoparticles encapsulating low molecular weight heparin. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2015; 6:58-64. [PMID: 25878975 PMCID: PMC4397620 DOI: 10.4103/2231-4040.154531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present research work was to prepare and evaluate sustained release subcutaneous (s.c.) nanoparticles of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). The nanoparticles were prepared by water–in-oil in-water (w/o/w) emulsion and evaporation method using different grades of polylactide co-glycolide (50:50, 85:15), and different concentrations of polyvinyl alcohol (0.1%, 0.5%, 1%) aqueous solution as surfactant. The fabricated nanoparticles were evaluated for size, shape, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro drug release, and in vivo biological activity (anti-factor Xa activity) using the standard kit. The drug and excipient compatibility was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The formation of nanoparticles was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy; nanoparticles were spherical in shape. The size of prepared nanoparticles was found between 195 nm and 251 nm. The encapsulation efficiency of the nanoparticles was found between 46% and 70%. In vitro drug, release was about 16–38% for 10 days. In vivo drug, release shows the sustained release of drug for 10 days in rats. FTIR studies indicated that there was no loss in chemical integrity of the drug upon fabrication into nanoparticles. DSC and XRD results demonstrated that the drug was changed from the crystalline form to the amorphous form in the formulation during the fabrication process. The results of this study revealed that the s.c. nanoparticles were suitable candidates for sustained delivery of LMWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satheesh Jogala
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Novel Drug Delivery System Laboratory, Mother Teresa College of Pharmacy, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shyam Sunder Rachamalla
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University College of Technology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Jithan Aukunuru
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Novel Drug Delivery System Laboratory, Mother Teresa College of Pharmacy, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Sun Y, Guo F, Zou Z, Li C, Hong X, Zhao Y, Wang C, Wang H, Liu H, Yang P, Han Z, Liu K, Kuba K, Song B, Gao J, Mo Z, Li D, Li B, Li Q, Zhong N, Wang C, Penninger JM, Jiang C. Cationic nanoparticles directly bind angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and induce acute lung injury in mice. Part Fibre Toxicol 2015; 12:4. [PMID: 25890286 PMCID: PMC4395934 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-015-0080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nanoparticles have become a key technology in multiple industries. However, there are growing reports of the toxicity of nanomaterials to humans. In particular, nanomaterials have been linked to lung diseases. The molecular mechanisms of nanoparticle toxicity are largely unexplored. Methods Acute lung injury was induced in wild-type mice and angiotensin-coverting enzyme 2 (ACE2) knockout mice by the intratracheal instillation of cationic polyamidoamine dendrimer (PAMAM) nanoparticles. For rescue experiments, losartan (15 mg/kg in PBS) was injected intraperitoneally 30 min before nanoparticle administration. Results Some PAMAM nanoparticles, but not anionic PAMAM nanoparticles or carbon nanotubes, triggered acute lung failure in mice. Mechanistically, cationic nanoparticles can directly bind ACE2, decrease its activity and down-regulate its expression level in lung tissue, resulting in deregulation of the renin-angiotensin system. Gene inactivation of Ace2 can exacerbate lung injury. Importantly, the administration of losartan, which is an angiotensin II type I receptor antagonist, can ameliorate PAMAM nanoparticle-induced lung injury. Conclusions Our data provide molecular insight into PAMAM nanoparticle-induced lung injury and suggest potential therapeutic and screening strategies to address the safety of nanomaterials. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-015-0080-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Feng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Zhen Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Chenggang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Xiaoxu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100005, China. .,Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 379, Jiaoling Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China. .,Chinese Pharmacopeia Commission, No. 11 Building Fahuananli Chongwen District, Beijing, 100060, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Chenxuan Wang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Hongliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Haolin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Zongsheng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Kangtai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Keiji Kuba
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Dr. Bohrgasse3, A-1030, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Bin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Jinming Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, PR China.
| | - Ziyao Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.
| | - Dangsheng Li
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Bo Li
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Hongda Middle Street A8, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Area, Beijing, 100176, China.
| | - Qihan Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 379, Jiaoling Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China.
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.
| | - Chen Wang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Josef M Penninger
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Dr. Bohrgasse3, A-1030, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Chengyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100005, China. .,Center for Translational Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, PR China. .,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China.
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Zhang H, Huang X, Sun Y, Xing J, Yamamoto A, Gao Y. Absorption-improving effects of chitosan oligomers based on their mucoadhesive properties: a comparative study on the oral and pulmonary delivery of calcitonin. Drug Deliv 2015; 23:2419-2427. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.1002946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Zhang
- Health Science Center, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China and
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Health Science Center, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China and
| | - Ya Sun
- Health Science Center, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China and
| | - Jianfeng Xing
- Health Science Center, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China and
| | - Akira Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yang Gao
- Health Science Center, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China and
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Bromfield SM, Posocco P, Fermeglia M, Tolosa J, Herreros-López A, Pricl S, Rodríguez-López J, Smith DK. Shape-Persistent and Adaptive Multivalency: Rigid Transgeden (TGD) and Flexible PAMAM Dendrimers for Heparin Binding. Chemistry 2014; 20:9666-74. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zhang H, Mi J, Huo Y, Huang X, Xing J, Yamamoto A, Gao Y. Absorption enhancing effects of chitosan oligomers on the intestinal absorption of low molecular weight heparin in rats. Int J Pharm 2014; 466:156-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bromfield SM, Posocco P, Chan CW, Calderon M, Guimond SE, Turnbull JE, Pricl S, Smith DK. Nanoscale self-assembled multivalent (SAMul) heparin binders in highly competitive, biologically relevant, aqueous media. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc00298a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Kamiński K, Kałaska B, Koczurkiewicz P, Michalik M, Szczubiałka K, Mogielnicki A, Buczko W, Nowakowska M. New arginine substituted derivative of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) for heparin reversal. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00374d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Nasr M, Najlah M, D'Emanuele A, Elhissi A. PAMAM dendrimers as aerosol drug nanocarriers for pulmonary delivery via nebulization. Int J Pharm 2013; 461:242-50. [PMID: 24275446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers were evaluated as nanocarriers for pulmonary delivery of the model poorly soluble anti-asthma drug beclometasone dipropionate (BDP) using G3, G4 and G4(12) dendrimers. BDP-loaded dendrimers were characterized for drug solubility, in vitro drug release and aerosolization properties using three nebulizers: Pari LC Sprint (air-jet), Aeroneb Pro (actively vibrating-mesh) and Omron MicroAir (passively vibrating-mesh) nebulizers. Solubilization of BDP using dendrimers was increased by increasing the dendrimer generation and by using higher pH media. In vitro release studies showed that BDP when complexed with dendrimers exhibited a sustained release, and for all dendrimer formulations less than 35% of the drug was released after 8h. Nebulization studies revealed that aerosol performance was dependent on nebulizer rather than dendrimer generation. Nebulization output values for the Pari (air-jet) and Aeroneb Pro (active mesh) nebulizers were in the range of 90-92% and 85-89% respectively compared to 57-63% for the Omron (passive mesh) nebulizer. The size of the droplets generated from the jet nebulizer was slightly smaller and aerosol polydispersity was lower compared to both mesh devices. The "fine particle fraction (FPF)" of the aerosols was in the following order: Pari (air-jet)>Aeroneb Pro (active mesh)>Omron (passive mesh). This study demonstrates that BDP-dendrimers have potential for pulmonary inhalation using air-jet and vibrating-mesh nebulizers. Moreover, the aerosol characteristics are influenced by nebulizer design rather than dendrimer generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Egypt; Institute of Nanotechnology and Bioengineering, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Antony D'Emanuele
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Bioengineering, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, United Kingdom
| | - Abdelbary Elhissi
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Bioengineering, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, United Kingdom.
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Bromfield SM, Posocco P, Fermeglia M, Pricl S, Rodríguez-López J, Smith DK. A simple new competition assay for heparin binding in serum applied to multivalent PAMAM dendrimers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:4830-2. [PMID: 23595366 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc41251b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a competition assay using our recently reported dye Mallard Blue, which allows us to identify synthetic heparin binders in competitive media, including human serum - using this we gain insight into the ability of PAMAM dendrimers to bind heparin, with the interesting result that low-generation G2-PAMAM is the preferred heparin binder.
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Expand classical drug administration ways by emerging routes using dendrimer drug delivery systems: a concise overview. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1316-30. [PMID: 23415951 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Drugs are introduced into the body by numerous routes such as enteral (oral, sublingual and rectum administration), parenteral (intravascular, intramuscular, subcutaneous and inhalation administration), or topical (skin and mucosal membranes). Each route has specific purposes, advantages and disadvantages. Today, the oral route remains the preferred one for different reasons such as ease and compliance by patients. Several nanoformulated drugs have been already approved by the FDA, such as Abelcet®, Doxil®, Abraxane® or Vivagel®(Starpharma) which is an anionic G4-poly(L-lysine)-type dendrimer showing potent topical vaginal microbicide activity. Numerous biochemical studies, as well as biological and pharmacological applications of both dendrimer based products (dendrimers as therapeutic compounds per se, like Vivagel®) and dendrimers as drug carriers (covalent conjugation or noncovalent encapsulation of drugs) were described. It is widely known that due to their outstanding physical and chemical properties, dendrimers afforded improvement of corresponding carried-drugs as dendrimer-drug complexes or conjugates (versus plain drug) such as biodistribution and pharmacokinetic behaviors. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the recent progresses of dendrimers as nanoscale drug delivery systems for the delivery of drugs using enteral, parenteral and topical routes. In particular, we focus our attention on the emerging and promising routes such as oral, transdermal, ocular and transmucosal routes using dendrimers as delivery systems.
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