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Luo C, Duan J, Zhong R, Liu L, Gao Q, Liu X, Chen L, Zhang H. In vitro fermentation characteristics of different types of fiber-rich ingredients by pig fecal inoculum. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:5296-5304. [PMID: 38308576 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary fibers with varying physicochemical properties have different fermentation characteristics, which may differently impact host health. The present study aimed to determine the fermentation characteristics including gas production kinetics, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production and microbial composition of different fibrous ingredients using in vitro fermentation by fecal microbiota. RESULTS Sugar beet pule (SBP), wheat bran (WB), dried corn distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), rice bran (RB) and alfalfa meal (AM) were selected to fermentation in vitro for 36 h. The results showed that SBP had the greatest gas production. SBP had the highest in vitro dry matter fermentability (IVDMF) and production of acetate, propionate and total SCFAs, followed by WB, which were all greater than DDGS, AM and RB. The alpha-diversity was higher in the DDGS, AM and RB groups than in the WB and SBP groups. Differences in microbial community composition were observed among groups. The relative abundance of Treponema was highest in WB group. RB group showed lower Prevotella abundance than other groups but had higher Succinivibrio abundance. Interestingly, the Lactobacillus reached the highest abundances in the DDGS group. Correlation analysis indicated that the relative abundance of Treponema and Prevotella was positively associated with the gas production, IVDMF and SCFAs, whereas norank_f_Muribaculaceae, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Lysinibacillus and Succinivibrio were the opposite. CONCLUSION Collectively, WB and SBP were fermented rapidly by fecal microbiota compared to DDGS, AM and RB. Different fiber sources have different fiber compositions and fermentation properties that affect the microbial compositins and SCFAs production. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzeng Luo
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jiujun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingtao Gao
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuelan Liu
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Huangfu W, Cao S, Li S, Zhang S, Liu M, Liu B, Zhu X, Cui Y, Wang Z, Zhao J, Shi Y. In vitro and in vivo fermentation models to study the function of dietary fiber in pig nutrition. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:314. [PMID: 38683435 PMCID: PMC11058960 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13148-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The importance of dietary fiber (DF) in animal diets is increasing with the advancement of nutritional research. DF is fermented by gut microbiota to produce metabolites, which are important in improving intestinal health. This review is a systematic review of DF in pig nutrition using in vitro and in vivo models. The fermentation characteristics of DF and the metabolic mechanisms of its metabolites were summarized in an in vitro model, and it was pointed out that SCFAs and gases are the important metabolites connecting DF, gut microbiota, and intestinal health, and they play a key role in intestinal health. At the same time, some information about host-microbe interactions could have been improved through traditional animal in vivo models, and the most direct feedback on nutrients was generated, confirming the beneficial effects of DF on sow reproductive performance, piglet intestinal health, and growing pork quality. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of different fermentation models were compared. In future studies, it is necessary to flexibly combine in vivo and in vitro fermentation models to profoundly investigate the mechanism of DF on the organism in order to promote the development of precision nutrition tools and to provide a scientific basis for the in-depth and rational utilization of DF in animal husbandry. KEY POINTS: • The fermentation characteristics of dietary fiber in vitro models were reviewed. • Metabolic pathways of metabolites and their roles in the intestine were reviewed. • The role of dietary fiber in pigs at different stages was reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Huangfu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Shixi Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Shouren Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Shuhang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Mengqi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Boshuai Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yalei Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Zhichang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Jiangchao Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Yinghua Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China.
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
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Chinma CE, Ezeocha VC, Adebo OA, Adebo JA, Sonibare AO, Abbah JN, Danbaba N, Makinde FM, Wilkin J, Bamidele OP. Physicochemical properties, anti-nutritional and bioactive constituents, in vitro digestibility, and techno-functional properties of bioprocessed whole wheat flour. J Food Sci 2024; 89:2202-2217. [PMID: 38389444 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of bioprocessing techniques (germination, solid-state fermentation, the combination of germination, and solid-state fermentation) on the physicochemical properties, anti-nutritional and bioactive constituents, in vitro digestibility, and techno-functional properties of whole wheat grains were investigated. Bioprocessed whole wheat flour (WWF) samples and the raw flour (control) were prepared using standard procedures. Proximate, anti-nutritional, mineral and amino acid (AA) compositions, protein digestibility, antioxidant activities, starch characteristics, and techno-functional properties were studied using standard methods. The bioprocessing methods increased (p ≤ 0.05) the protein (13.37-16.84 g/100 g), total dietary fiber, mineral constituents, resistant starch (7.19-9.87 g/100 g), slowly digestible starch, phenolic content, antioxidant activities (ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity), most AAs, and protein digestibility. Also observed were decreases (p ≤ 0.05) in rapidly digestible starch, phytic acid, tannin, and trypsin inhibitor activity. The adopted bioprocessing techniques modified the thermal, functional, color, and pasting properties of the WWF and resulted in molecular interactions in some functional groups, as revealed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, compared to the raw flour. The combination of germination and fermentation improved the physicochemical (titratable acidity = 4.93%), protein (16.84/100 g) and starch digestibility (resistant starch = 9.87%), antioxidant (FRAP = 78.90 mg/GAE/100 g), and mineral contents (calcium = 195.28 mg/100 g), modified the pasting (peak viscosity = 90.34 RVU), thermal (peak temperature = 64.82°C), and color properties of WWF with reduced anti-nutritional factors. The combination of these processing techniques could serve as a natural and low-cost technique for the modification of whole wheat functionality and subsequently as an improved functional ingredient during food product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiemela Enyinnaya Chinma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
- Food Innovation Research Group, Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
- Africa Center of Excellence for Mycotoxin and Food Safety, Federal University of Technology Minna, Minna, Nigeria
| | - Vanessa Chinelo Ezeocha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
| | - Oluwafemi Ayodeji Adebo
- Food Innovation Research Group, Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Janet Adeyinka Adebo
- Food Evolution Research Laboratory, Bunting Campus, School of Tourism and Hospitality, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Jessica Nevan Abbah
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
| | - Nahemiah Danbaba
- Food Technology and Value Addition Research Program, National Cereals Research Institute, Badeggi, Bida, Nigeria
| | | | - Jon Wilkin
- Division of Engineering and Food Science, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, UK
| | - Oluwaseun Peter Bamidele
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, Limpopo, South Africa
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Do Y, Park WB, Park JK, Kim CJ, Choi MB. Gut bacterial diversity in Vespa velutina and implications for potential adaptation in South Korea. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:5180-5185. [PMID: 37575071 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive species such as the yellow-legged hornet (Vespa velutina), along with four other Vespa species - Vespa analis, Vespa crabro, Vespa ducalis, and Vespa mandarinia - pose significant threats to the environment, economy, and human health. This study focuses on understanding the key factors contributing to the successful invasion of these species, particularly V. velutina, in South Korea. The analysis encompasses the gut bacterial communities and stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen of the queen hornets, aiming to identify variances in gut microbial composition and food resource utilization. RESULTS The gut bacterial communities in the five Vespa species were primarily composed of Proteobacteria, with Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes present. Vespa velutina and V. mandarinia had higher Firmicutes abundance at the phylum level, possibly indicating an increased capacity for dietary fiber breakdown and short-chain fatty acid production, providing them with a competitive edge. No significant differences in nitrogen and carbon stable isotope values were found among the five Vespa species, suggesting that they fed on similar food sources. However, V. velutina had a higher number of unique gut bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs), implying adaptation through the acquisition of a distinct gut bacterial set. Significant correlations were found between the observed index and the Shannon index, and between δ15 N and the observed index, suggesting that the food source diversity may influence the gut bacterial community diversity. CONCLUSION Our study offered valuable insights regarding the adaptation of V. velutina to its new environment in South Korea. The potential role of gut microbiota in the success of invasive species was elucidated. This information is crucial for the management of invasive species, targeted control methods, and implementing preventive regulations. Further studies with larger sample sizes and comprehensive sampling are required to gain a complete understanding of the gut microbiota of Vespa species and their adaptation to new environments. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuno Do
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Bae Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Kyu Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Jun Kim
- Division of Gardens and Education, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Bo Choi
- Institute of Plant Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Bai Y, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Pi Y, Zhao J, Wang S, Han D, Wang J. Amylopectin Partially Substituted by Cellulose in the Hindgut Was Beneficial to Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production and Probiotic Colonization. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0381522. [PMID: 37036363 PMCID: PMC10269567 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03815-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Undigested amylopectin fermentation in the hindguts of humans and pigs with low digestive capacity has been proven to be a low-efficiency method of energy supply. In this study, we researched the effects and mechanisms of amylopectin fermentation on hindgut microbiota and metabolite production using an in vitro fermentation trial and ileal infusion pigs model. In addition, we also researched the effects of interaction between amylopectin and cellulose during hindgut fermentation in this study. Our results showed that amylopectin had higher short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and dry matter digestibility (DMD) than cellulose but was not significantly different from a mixture of amylopectin and cellulose (Amycel vitro) during in vitro fermentation. The Amycel vitro group even had the highest reducing sugar content and amylase activity among all groups. The ileal infusion trial produced similar results to vitro fermentation trial: the mixture of amylopectin and cellulose infusion (Amycel vivo) significantly increased the levels of reducing sugar, acetate, and butyrate in the hindgut compared with the amylopectin infusion (Amy vivo). The mixture of amylopectin and cellulose infusion also resulted in increased Shannon index and probiotic colonization in the hindgut. The relative abundance of Romboutsia in the Amycel vivo group, which was considered a noxious bacteria in the Amycel vivo group, was also significantly lower than that in the Amy vivo group. In summary, the high level of amylopectin fermentation in the hindgut was harmful to intestinal microbiota, but amylopectin partially substituted with cellulose was beneficial to SCFA production and probiotic colonization. IMPORTANCE A high-starch (mainly amylopectin) diet is usually accompanied by the fermentation of undigested amylopectin in the hindgut of humans and pigs with low digestive capacity and might be detrimental to the intestinal microbiota. In this research, we investigated the fermentation characteristics of amylopectin through an in vitro fermentation method and used an ileal infusion pig model to verify the fermentation trial results and explore the microbiota regulatory effect. The interaction effects between amylopectin and cellulose during hindgut fermentation were also researched in this study. Our research revealed that the large amount of amylopectin fermentation in the hindgut was detrimental to the intestinal microbiota. Amylopectin partially substituted by cellulose was not only beneficial to antioxidant ability and fermentation efficiency, but also promoted SCFA production and probiotic colonization in the hindgut. These findings provide new strategies to prevent intestinal microbiota dysbiosis caused by amylopectin fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaowen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Pi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinbiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Dandan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Zhou L, Luo J, Xie Q, Huang L, Shen D, Li G. Dietary Fiber from Navel Orange Peel Prepared by Enzymatic and Ultrasound-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvents: Physicochemical and Prebiotic Properties. Foods 2023; 12:foods12102007. [PMID: 37238825 DOI: 10.3390/foods12102007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary fiber (DF) was extracted from navel orange peel residue by enzyme (E-DF) and ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent (US-DES-DF), and its physicochemical and prebiotic properties were characterized. Based on Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, all DF samples exhibited typical polysaccharide absorption spectra, indicating that DES could separate lignin while leaving the chemical structure of DF unchanged, yielding significantly higher extraction yields (76.69 ± 1.68%) compared to enzymatic methods (67.27 ± 0.13%). Moreover, ultrasound-assisted DES extraction improved the properties of navel orange DFs by significantly increasing the contents of soluble dietary fiber and total dietary fiber (3.29 ± 1.33% and 10.13 ± 0.78%, respectively), as well as a notable improvement in the values of water-holding capacity, oil-holding capacity, and water swelling capacity. US-DES-DF outperformed commercial citrus fiber in stimulating the proliferation of probiotic Bifidobacteria strains in vitro. Overall, ultrasound-assisted DES extraction exhibited potential as an industrial extraction method, and US-DES-DF could serve as a valuable functional food ingredient. These results provide a new perspective on the prebiotic properties of dietary fibers and the preparation process of prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Zhou
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jiaqian Luo
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Qiutao Xie
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Lvhong Huang
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Dan Shen
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Gaoyang Li
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha 410125, China
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7
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Weber AM, Ibrahim H, Baxter BA, Kumar R, Maurya AK, Kumar D, Agarwal R, Raina K, Ryan EP. Integrated Microbiota and Metabolite Changes following Rice Bran Intake during Murine Inflammatory Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer and in Colorectal Cancer Survivors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2231. [PMID: 37190160 PMCID: PMC10136752 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary rice bran-mediated inhibition of colon carcinogenesis was demonstrated previously for carcinogen-induced rodent models via multiple anti-cancer mechanisms. This study investigated the role of dietary rice bran-mediated changes to fecal microbiota and metabolites over the time course of colon carcinogenesis and compared murine fecal metabolites to human stool metabolic profiles following rice bran consumption by colorectal cancer survivors (NCT01929122). Forty adult male BALB/c mice were subjected to azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis and randomized to control AIN93M (n = 20) or diets containing 10% w/w heat-stabilized rice bran (n = 20). Feces were serially collected for 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics. Fecal microbiota richness and diversity was increased in mice and humans with dietary rice bran treatment. Key drivers of differential bacterial abundances from rice bran intake in mice included Akkermansia, Lactococcus, Lachnospiraceae, and Eubacterium xylanophilum. Murine fecal metabolomics revealed 592 biochemical identities with notable changes to fatty acids, phenolics, and vitamins. Monoacylglycerols, dihydroferulate, 2-hydroxyhippurate (salicylurate), ferulic acid 4-sulfate, and vitamin B6 and E isomers significantly differed between rice bran- and control-fed mice. The kinetics of murine metabolic changes by the host and gut microbiome following rice bran consumption complemented changes observed in humans for apigenin, N-acetylhistamine, and ethylmalonate in feces. Increased enterolactone abundance is a novel diet-driven microbial metabolite fecal biomarker following rice bran consumption in mice and humans from this study. Dietary rice bran bioactivity via gut microbiome metabolism in mice and humans contributes to protection against colorectal cancer. The findings from this study provide compelling support for rice bran in clinical and public health guidelines for colorectal cancer prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika M. Weber
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Hend Ibrahim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Bridget A. Baxter
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Robin Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Akhilendra K. Maurya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver—Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver—Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver—Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Komal Raina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver—Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Elizabeth P. Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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8
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Anachad O, Taouil A, Taha W, Bennis F, Chegdani F. The Implication of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Obesity and Diabetes. Microbiol Insights 2023; 16:11786361231162720. [PMID: 36994236 PMCID: PMC10041598 DOI: 10.1177/11786361231162720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence indicates that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) generated from the gut microbiota play crucial roles in host metabolism. They contribute to metabolic regulation and energy acquisition of the host by influencing the development of metabolic disorders. This review aims to synthesize recent advances from the literature to investigate the implication of SCFAs in the modulation of obesity and diabetes pathologies. For a better understanding of the relationships between SCFAs and host metabolism, we need to answer some questions: What is the biochemistry of SCFAs, and how they are generated by gut microbiota? What are the bacteria producing of SCFAs and from which routes? How SCFAs are absorbed and transported in the gut by different mechanisms and receptors? How SCFAs involved in obesity and diabetes pathologies?
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumaima Anachad
- Oumaima Anachad, Laboratory of Immunology and biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences Aïn Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 2693 Maarif, Casablanca 20100, Morocco.
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9
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Zhang G, Zhao J, Song X, Yang M, Wang H, Wu Y. Feeding dietary fermentable fiber improved fecal microbial composition and increased acetic acid production in a nursery pig model. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad260. [PMID: 37535451 PMCID: PMC10464512 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the fermentable fiber (FF) content of several common fibrous ingredients fed to nursery pigs, and then evaluate the effect of dietary FF level on growth performance and fecal microbial composition. In experiment 1, 54 nursery pigs were randomly allotted to be fed nine diets with six replicate pigs per diet. Dietary treatments included a corn-soybean meal basal diet and eight test diets based on a mixture of the corn-soybean meal diet and corn distillers dried grains with solubles, sunflower meal, oat bran, wheat bran, corn bran, sugar beet pulp (SBP), apple pomace (AP) or soybean hulls (SH). In experiment 2, 180 nursery pigs were housed in 30 pens (six pigs per pen) and randomly allotted to be fed five diets with different FF to total dietary fiber (TDF) ratios, which were 0.52, 0.55, 0.58, 0.61, and 0.64, respectively. Results showed that the FF content in SBP, AP, and SH was greater (P < 0.01) than that in other ingredients. Water binding capacity of fibrous ingredients was positively correlated (P < 0.05) to the digestibility of TDF, acid detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides in test ingredients. Pigs fed the SBP, AP and SH diets had greater (P < 0.05) fecal acetic acid and total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations compared with pigs fed other diets. Fecal acetic acid and total SCFAs concentrations were positively correlated (P < 0.05) with FF content in experimental diets. Average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake of pigs quadratically increased (P < 0.01) as the ratios of FF to TDF increased. Pigs in FF64% group showed higher (P < 0.05) ACE index and fecal acetic acid concentration compared with pigs fed the dietary FF/TDF ratio of 0.52 to 0.61. Compared with the classification system of soluble dietary fiber and insoluble dietary fiber, FF could better describe the mechanism by which dietary fiber has beneficial effects on pig gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Swine Nutrition laboratory, Wellhope Foods Co., Ltd., Shengyang 110164, China
| | - Jinbiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoming Song
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meiyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haotian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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10
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Yang Q, Van Haute M, Korth N, Sattler S, Rose D, Juritsch A, Shao J, Beede K, Schmaltz R, Price J, Toy J, Ramer-Tait AE, Benson AK. The waxy mutation in sorghum and other cereal grains reshapes the gut microbiome by reducing levels of multiple beneficial species. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2178799. [PMID: 37610979 PMCID: PMC9980621 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2178799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Waxy starches from cereal grains contain >90% amylopectin due to naturally occurring mutations that block amylose biosynthesis. Waxy starches have unique organoleptic characteristics (e.g. sticky rice) as well as desirable physicochemical properties for food processing. Using isogenic pairs of wild type sorghum lines and their waxy derivatives, we studied the effects of waxy starches in the whole grain context on the human gut microbiome. In vitro fermentations with human stool microbiomes show that beneficial taxonomic and metabolic signatures driven by grain from wild type parental lines are lost in fermentations of grain from the waxy derivatives and the beneficial signatures can be restored by addition of resistant starch. These undesirable effects are conserved in fermentations of waxy maize, wheat, rice and millet. We also demonstrate that humanized gnotobiotic mice fed low fiber diets supplemented with 20% grain from isogenic pairs of waxy vs. wild type parental sorghum have significant differences in microbiome composition and show increased weight gain. We conclude that the benefits of waxy starches on food functionality can have unintended tradeoff effects on the gut microbiome and host physiology that could be particularly relevant in human populations consuming large amounts of waxy grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinnan Yang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Mallory Van Haute
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Nate Korth
- Nebraska Food for Health Center at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Complex Biosystems Graduate Program, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Scott Sattler
- Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Devin Rose
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Anthony Juritsch
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Jing Shao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Kristin Beede
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Robert Schmaltz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Jeff Price
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - John Toy
- Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Amanda E. Ramer-Tait
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Andrew K. Benson
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
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11
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Wei S, Wang C, Zhang Q, Yang H, Deehan EC, Zong X, Wang Y, Jin M. Dynamics of microbial communities during inulin fermentation associated with the temporal response in SCFA production. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 298:120057. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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12
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Zhou X, Zou Y, Xu Y, Zhang Z, Wu Y, Cao J, Qiu B, Qin X, Han D, Piao X, Wang J, Zhao J. Dietary Supplementation of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 3 Improves Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Function in Weaned Piglets. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091750. [PMID: 36139824 PMCID: PMC9495450 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)VD3) and Vitamin D3 (VD3) supplemented in the diet of weaned piglets on their growth performance, bone quality, intestinal integrity, immune function and antioxidant capacity. A total of 192 weaned piglets were allocated into four groups and they were fed a control diet containing 2000 IU VD3 (negative control, NC), NC + 100 ppm colistin sulfate (positive control, PC), NC + 2000 IU VD3 (VD3) and NC + 2000 IU 25(OH)VD3 (25(OH)VD3). The results showed that 25(OH)VD3 improved the growth performance, bone quality and antioxidase activity of piglets compared with the other groups. Meanwhile, 25(OH)VD3 up-regulated ileal mRNA expressions of tight junction proteins and host defense peptides. The VD3 group had an increased intestinal sIgA content and mRNA expression of pBD-1 compared with the NC group. Both groups of VD3 and 25(OH)VD3 altered the microbial β-diversity compared with the NC group, and 25(OH)VD3 increased ileal concentrations of acetate and butyrate. In conclusion, our findings indicated that a regular dosage of 2000 IU VD3 in the weaned piglets’ diet did not achieve optimal antioxidant capacity and immune function. 25(OH)VD3 had better growth performance than VD3 at the same inclusion level, which is associated with the improved intestinal integrity and antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Youwei Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Youhan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yujun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jindang Cao
- Shandong Haineng Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Rizhao 276800, China
| | - Baoqin Qiu
- Shandong Haineng Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Rizhao 276800, China
| | - Xiaoyu Qin
- Shandong Haineng Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Rizhao 276800, China
| | - Dandan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangshu Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinbiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-15600911358
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13
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Short-Term Partial Replacement of Corn and Soybean Meal with High-Fiber or High-Protein Feedstuffs during Metabolizable Energy Assay Influenced Intestinal Histomorphology, Cecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids, and Selected Nutrient Transporters in 21-Day-Old Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172193. [PMID: 36077917 PMCID: PMC9455039 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was conducted to investigate the influence of short-term feeding of test diets during metabolizable energy assays on growth performance, nutrient utilization, jejunal histomorphology, cecal short-chain fatty acids, and nutrient transporters in broilers. One hundred twenty-six broiler chickens were assigned to six treatments, each with seven replicates. Experimental diets were fed between days 14 and 21. Treatments included a corn−soybean meal reference diet and five test diets with low-protein soybean meal (LPSBM), wheat bran, soy hull, corn gluten feed, or rice bran. Birds were weighed on days 14 and 21; excreta, cecal content, and jejunal tissues were collected on day 21. Seven-day weight gain was highest (p < 0.01) for birds receiving the reference diet or LPSBM, whereas FCR was lowest (p < 0.05) for birds receiving the soy hull diet. Cecal acetate and total short-chain fatty acids were higher (p < 0.05) for wheat bran compared with the soy hull test diet. Jejunal villi were longer (p < 0.05) for chickens receiving the reference diet or LPSBM test diet. Glucose transporter (GLUT1) mRNA was greater (p < 0.05) in broilers receiving rice bran compared with soy hull test diets. Therefore, when reporting energy assays, it is important that indicators of animal growth or gut health be included to help contextualize energy utilization.
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14
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Heyer CME, Jaworski NW, Page GI, Zijlstra RT. Effect of Fiber Fermentation and Protein Digestion Kinetics on Mineral Digestion in Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162053. [PMID: 36009643 PMCID: PMC9404855 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrient kinetic data and the timing of nutrient release along the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), are not yet widely used in current feed formulations for pigs and poultry. The present review focuses on interactions between fermentable substrates (e.g., starch, fiber, and protein) and selected minerals on nutrient digestion and absorption to determine nutritional solutions to maximize animal performance, principally in the grower–finisher phase, with the aim of minimizing environmental pollution. For phosphorus (P), myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis (dihydrogen phosphate) (InsP6), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn), no standardized methodologies to assess in vitro mineral digestion exist. The stepwise degradation of InsP6 to lower inositol phosphate (InsP) forms in the GIT is rare, and inositol phosphate4 (InsP4) might be the limiting isomer of InsP degradation in diets with exogenous phytase. Furthermore, dietary coefficients of standardized total tract digestibility (CSTTD) of P might be underestimated in diets with fermentable ingredients because of increased diet-specific endogenous P losses (EPL), and further clarification is required to better calculate the coefficients of true total tract digestibility (CTTTD) of P. The quantification of fiber type, composition of fiber fractions, their influence on digestion kinetics, effects on digesta pH, and nutrient solubility related to fermentation should be considered for formulating diets. In conclusion, applications of nutrient kinetic data should be considered to help enhance nutrient digestion and absorption in the GIT, thereby reducing nutrient excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M. E. Heyer
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | | | - Greg I. Page
- Trouw Nutrition Innovation, 3800 AG Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Ruurd T. Zijlstra
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
- Correspondence:
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15
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Fan L, Li L, Xu A, Huang J, Ma S. Impact of Fermented Wheat Bran Dietary Fiber Addition on Dough Rheological Properties and Noodle Quality. Front Nutr 2022; 9:952525. [PMID: 35873449 PMCID: PMC9301053 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.952525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of fermented wheat bran dietary fiber (FWBDF) on the rheological properties of the dough and the quality of noodles and to compare it with the effect of the unfermented WBDF (UWBDF). WBDF was fermented with Auricularia polytricha. The results showed that adding UWBDF/FWBDF increased the storage modulus G' and loss modulus G” of the dough, converted α-helices and β-turns into β-sheets and random coils, respectively, inhibited water flow, increased cooking loss, and decreased the maximum resistance in the noodles. The formed gluten network had a more random and rigid structure, resulting in the deterioration of the quality of noodles. Furthermore, the number of α-helices and the peak proportions of weakly bound water A22 increased but the number of β-sheets and cooking loss decreased in the FWBDF group compared with the UWBDF group. FWBDF (≤4%) improved the hardness of noodles, while UWBDF decreased it. These changes indicated that fermentation could reduce the destructive effects of WBDF on the quality of noodles, providing a new perspective on balancing dietary fiber-rich and high-quality foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Fan
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Anmin Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jihong Huang
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Jihong Huang
| | - Sen Ma
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Sen Ma
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16
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Compromised Hindgut Microbial Digestion, Rather Than Chemical Digestion in the Foregut, Leads to Decreased Nutrient Digestibility in Pigs Fed Low-Protein Diets. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142793. [PMID: 35889750 PMCID: PMC9316789 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Reduced nutrient digestibility due to low-protein (LP) diets occurring in the foregut or hindgut of pigs remains unclear. Methods: Growing barrows (21.7 ± 1.7 kg) were allotted into LP and high-protein (HP) diet treatments. Ileal digesta and feces were collected for in vitro cross-fermentation and microbial sequencing, and cross-feeding assessed nutrient digestibility. Results: No difference in foregut digesta flora and nutrient digestibility between treatments was observed. LP diet caused decreased total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), gross energy (GE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) compared with the HP diet (p < 0.05). The fermentation broth from LP diet-fed pigs induced less full fermentation digestion of DM, OM, crude protein, and GE than HP broth (p < 0.05). Additionally, LP broth fermentation presented lower fermentation gas and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) generation than HP group (p < 0.05). This situation above may be related to decreased abundances of Lachnospiraceae, Eubacterium_eligens_group, Roseburia, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-009, which can efficiently ferment nutrients to produce SCFA. Conclusions: Change in the flora caused compromise in hindgut microbial fermentation digestion leads to decreased total tract nutrient digestibility in pigs fed an LP diet.
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17
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Lu D, Pi Y, Ye H, Wu Y, Bai Y, Lian S, Han D, Ni D, Zou X, Zhao J, Zhang S, Kemp B, Soede N, Wang J. Consumption of Dietary Fiber with Different Physicochemical Properties during Late Pregnancy Alters the Gut Microbiota and Relieves Constipation in Sow Model. Nutrients 2022; 14:2511. [PMID: 35745241 PMCID: PMC9229973 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Constipation is a common problem in sows and women during late pregnancy. Dietary fiber has potential in the regulation of intestinal microbiota, thereby promoting intestinal motility and reducing constipation. However, the effects of fibers with different physicochemical properties on intestinal microbe and constipation during late pregnancy have not been fully explored. In this study, a total of 80 sows were randomly allocated to control and one of three dietary fiber treatments from day 85 of gestation to delivery: LIG (lignocellulose), PRS (resistant starch), and KON (konjaku flour). Results showed that the defecation frequency and fecal consistency scores were highest in PRS. PRS and KON significantly increased the level of gut motility regulatory factors, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), motilin (MTL), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in serum. Moreover, PRS and KON promoted the IL-10 level and reduced the TNF-α level in serum. Furthermore, maternal PRS and KON supplementation significantly reduced the number of stillborn piglets. Microbial sequencing analysis showed that PRS and KON increased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing genera Bacteroides and Parabacteroides and decreased the abundance of endotoxin-producing bacteria Desulfovibrio and Oscillibacter in feces. Moreover, the relative abundance of Turicibacter and the fecal butyrate concentration in PRS were the highest. Correlation analysis further revealed that the defecation frequency and serum 5-HT were positively correlated with Turicibacter and butyrate. In conclusion, PRS is the best fiber source for promoting gut motility, which was associated with increased levels of 5-HT under specific bacteria Turicibacter and butyrate stimulation, thereby relieving constipation. Our findings provide a reference for dietary fiber selection to improve intestinal motility in late pregnant mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (D.L.); (Y.P.); (Y.W.); (Y.B.); (S.L.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Yu Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (D.L.); (Y.P.); (Y.W.); (Y.B.); (S.L.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Biological Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Boen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Ganzhou 341000, China; (D.N.); (X.Z.)
| | - Hao Ye
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands; (H.Y.); (B.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Yujun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (D.L.); (Y.P.); (Y.W.); (Y.B.); (S.L.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Yu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (D.L.); (Y.P.); (Y.W.); (Y.B.); (S.L.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shuai Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (D.L.); (Y.P.); (Y.W.); (Y.B.); (S.L.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Dandan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (D.L.); (Y.P.); (Y.W.); (Y.B.); (S.L.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Dongjiao Ni
- Key Laboratory of Biological Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Boen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Ganzhou 341000, China; (D.N.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xinhua Zou
- Key Laboratory of Biological Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Boen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Ganzhou 341000, China; (D.N.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jinbiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (D.L.); (Y.P.); (Y.W.); (Y.B.); (S.L.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (D.L.); (Y.P.); (Y.W.); (Y.B.); (S.L.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Bas Kemp
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands; (H.Y.); (B.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Nicoline Soede
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands; (H.Y.); (B.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (D.L.); (Y.P.); (Y.W.); (Y.B.); (S.L.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.)
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18
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In vitro fecal fermentation characteristics of bamboo insoluble dietary fiber and its impacts on human gut microbiota. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Bai Y, Zhou X, Zhao J, Wang Z, Ye H, Pi Y, Che D, Han D, Zhang S, Wang J. Sources of Dietary Fiber Affect the SCFA Production and Absorption in the Hindgut of Growing Pigs. Front Nutr 2022; 8:719935. [PMID: 35083261 PMCID: PMC8784547 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.719935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of different dietary fiber (DF) sources on short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production and absorption in the hindgut of growing pigs were studied by an in vivo–vitro (ileal cannulated pigs and fecal inoculum-based fermentation) method. Thirty-six cannulated pigs (body weight: 48.5 ± 2.1 kg) were randomly allocated to 6 treatments containing the same DF content (16.5%), with either wheat bran (WB), corn bran (CB), sugar beet pulp (SBP), oat bran (OB), soybean hulls (SH), or rice bran (RB) as DF sources. Pigs were allowed 15 days for diet adaptation, and then, fresh ileal digesta and feces were collected to determine SCFA concentration which was normalized for food dry matter intake (DMI) and the hindgut DF fermentability. Fecal microbiota was inoculated into the freeze-dried ileal digesta samples to predict the ability of SCFA production and absorption in the hindgut by in vitro fermentation. The SH group had the largest concentration of total SCFA and propionate in ileal digesta and fecal samples of growing pigs (p < 0.05). Nonetheless, the predicted acetate, total SCFA production, absorption in the SBP group were the highest (p < 0.01), but the lowest in the OB group (p < 0.01) among all groups. Even SBP and OB group had a similar ratio of soluble DF (SDF) to insoluble DF (IDF). The CB group had high determined ileal and fecal butyrate concentration but the lowest butyrate production and absorption in the hindgut (p < 0.01). Overall, the source of DF had a great impact on the hindgut SCFA production and absorption, and SBP fiber had a great potential to increase hindgut SCFA production and absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingjian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinbiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biological Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Boen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Ganzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Dandan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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20
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Li Y, Yu Y, Wu J, Xu Y, Xiao G, Li L, Liu H. Comparison the Structural, Physicochemical, and Prebiotic Properties of Litchi Pomace Dietary Fibers before and after Modification. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030248. [PMID: 35159400 PMCID: PMC8833994 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Litchi pomace, a by-product of litchi processing, is rich in dietary fiber. Soluble and insoluble dietary fibers were extracted from litchi pomace, and insoluble dietary fiber was modified by ultrasonic enzymatic treatment to obtain modified soluble and insoluble dietary fibers. The structural, physicochemical, and functional properties of the dietary fiber samples were evaluated and compared. It was found that all dietary fiber samples displayed typical polysaccharide absorption spectra, with arabinose being the most abundant monosaccharide component. Soluble dietary fibers from litchi pomace were morphologically fragmented and relatively smooth, with relatively high swelling capacity, whereas the insoluble dietary fibers possessed wrinkles and porous structures on the surface, as well as higher water holding capacity. Additionally, soluble dietary fiber content of litchi pomace was successfully increased by 6.32 ± 0.14% after ultrasonic enzymatic modification, and its arabinose content and apparent viscosity were also significantly increased. Further, the soluble dietary fibers exhibited superior radical scavenging ability and significantly stimulated the growth of probiotic bacterial species. Taken together, this study suggested that dietary fiber from litchi pomace could be a promising ingredient for functional foods industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yina Li
- Sericultural & Argi-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China; (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (G.X.); (L.L.); (H.L.)
- College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuanshan Yu
- Sericultural & Argi-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China; (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (G.X.); (L.L.); (H.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-159-7559-6649
| | - Jijun Wu
- Sericultural & Argi-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China; (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (G.X.); (L.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Yujuan Xu
- Sericultural & Argi-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China; (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (G.X.); (L.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Gengsheng Xiao
- Sericultural & Argi-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China; (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (G.X.); (L.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Lu Li
- Sericultural & Argi-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China; (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (G.X.); (L.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Haoran Liu
- Sericultural & Argi-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China; (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (G.X.); (L.L.); (H.L.)
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Supplementing Glycerol to Inoculum Induces Changes in pH, SCFA Profiles, and Microbiota Composition in In-Vitro Batch Fermentation. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glycerol was generally added to the inoculum as a cryoprotectant. However, it was also a suitable substrate for microbial fermentation, which may produce more SCFAs, thereby decreased pH of the fermentation broth. This study investigated the effect of supplementing glycerol to inoculum on in vitro fermentation and whether an enhanced buffer capacity of medium could maintain the pH stability during in vitro batch fermentation, subsequently improving the accuracy of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) determination, especially propionate. Two ileal digesta were fermented by pig fecal inoculum with or without glycerol (served as anti-frozen inoculum or frozen inoculum) in standard buffer or enhanced buffer solution (served as normal or modified medium). Along with the fermentation, adding glycerol decreased the pH of fermentation broth (p < 0.05). However, modified medium could alleviate the pH decrement compared with normal medium (p < 0.05). The concentration of total propionic acid production was much higher than that of other SCFAs in anti-frozen inoculum fermentation at 24 and 36 h, thereby increasing the variation (SD) of net production of propionate. The α-diversity analysis showed that adding glycerol decreased Chao1 and Shannon index under normal medium fermentation (p < 0.05) compared to modified medium (p < 0.05) along with fermentation. PCoA showed that all groups were clustered differently (p < 0.01). Adding glycerol improved the relative abundances of Firmicutes, Anaerovibrio, unclassified_f_Selenomonadaceae, and decreased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria (p < 0.05). The relative abundances of Firmicutes, such as Lactobacillus, Blautia and Eubacterium_Ruminantium_group in modified medium with frozen inoculum fermentation were higher than (p < 0.05) those in normal medium at 36 h of incubation. These results showed that adding glycerol in inoculum changed the fermentation patterns, regardless of substrate and medium, and suggested fermentation using frozen inoculum with modified medium could maintain stability of pH, improve the accuracy of SCFA determination, as well as maintain a balanced microbial community.
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Wang Z, Hazen J, Jia X, Org E, Zhao Y, Osborn LJ, Nimer N, Buffa J, Culley MK, Krajcik D, van den Born BJH, Zwinderman K, Levison BS, Nieuwdorp M, Lusis AJ, DiDonato JA, Hazen SL. The Nutritional Supplement L-Alpha Glycerylphosphorylcholine Promotes Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13477. [PMID: 34948275 PMCID: PMC8708068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
L-alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC), a nutritional supplement, has been demonstrated to improve neurological function. However, a new study suggests that GPC supplementation increases incident stroke risk thus its potential adverse effects warrant further investigation. Here we show that GPC promotes atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic Apoe-/- mice. GPC can be metabolized to trimethylamine N-oxide, a pro-atherogenic agent, suggesting a potential molecular mechanism underlying the observed atherosclerosis progression. GPC supplementation shifted the gut microbial community structure, characterized by increased abundance of Parabacteroides, Ruminococcus, and Bacteroides and decreased abundance of Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, and Roseburia, as determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. These data are consistent with a reduction in fecal and cecal short chain fatty acids in GPC-fed mice. Additionally, we found that GPC supplementation led to an increased relative abundance of choline trimethylamine lyase (cutC)-encoding bacteria via qPCR. Interrogation of host inflammatory signaling showed that GPC supplementation increased expression of the proinflammatory effectors CXCL13 and TIMP-1 and activated NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in human coronary artery endothelial cells. Finally, targeted and untargeted metabolomic analysis of murine plasma revealed additional metabolites associated with GPC supplementation and atherosclerosis. In summary, our results show GPC promotes atherosclerosis through multiple mechanisms and that caution should be applied when using GPC as a nutritional supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (J.H.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.); (L.J.O.); (N.N.); (J.B.); (M.K.C.); (D.K.); (J.A.D.); (S.L.H.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jennie Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (J.H.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.); (L.J.O.); (N.N.); (J.B.); (M.K.C.); (D.K.); (J.A.D.); (S.L.H.)
| | - Xun Jia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (J.H.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.); (L.J.O.); (N.N.); (J.B.); (M.K.C.); (D.K.); (J.A.D.); (S.L.H.)
| | - Elin Org
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, 51010 Tartu, Estonia;
| | - Yongzhong Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (J.H.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.); (L.J.O.); (N.N.); (J.B.); (M.K.C.); (D.K.); (J.A.D.); (S.L.H.)
| | - Lucas J. Osborn
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (J.H.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.); (L.J.O.); (N.N.); (J.B.); (M.K.C.); (D.K.); (J.A.D.); (S.L.H.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Nisreen Nimer
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (J.H.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.); (L.J.O.); (N.N.); (J.B.); (M.K.C.); (D.K.); (J.A.D.); (S.L.H.)
| | - Jennifer Buffa
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (J.H.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.); (L.J.O.); (N.N.); (J.B.); (M.K.C.); (D.K.); (J.A.D.); (S.L.H.)
| | - Miranda K. Culley
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (J.H.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.); (L.J.O.); (N.N.); (J.B.); (M.K.C.); (D.K.); (J.A.D.); (S.L.H.)
| | - Daniel Krajcik
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (J.H.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.); (L.J.O.); (N.N.); (J.B.); (M.K.C.); (D.K.); (J.A.D.); (S.L.H.)
| | - Bert-Jan H. van den Born
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (B.-J.H.v.d.B.); (K.Z.); (M.N.)
| | - Koos Zwinderman
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (B.-J.H.v.d.B.); (K.Z.); (M.N.)
| | - Bruce S. Levison
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (J.H.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.); (L.J.O.); (N.N.); (J.B.); (M.K.C.); (D.K.); (J.A.D.); (S.L.H.)
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (B.-J.H.v.d.B.); (K.Z.); (M.N.)
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Joseph A. DiDonato
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (J.H.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.); (L.J.O.); (N.N.); (J.B.); (M.K.C.); (D.K.); (J.A.D.); (S.L.H.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Stanley L. Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (J.H.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.); (L.J.O.); (N.N.); (J.B.); (M.K.C.); (D.K.); (J.A.D.); (S.L.H.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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23
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Effects of Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum Supplementation on the Fecal Microbiotas of Piglets. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111420. [PMID: 34832576 PMCID: PMC8619618 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics and prebiotics have become viable alternatives of growth-promoting antimicrobials in animal production. Here, we tested partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) as a possible prebiotic for piglets in the commercial farm. Five hundred and ninety-four piglets were used for the experiments, with 293 given a normal pig feed (control), while the rest the feed plus 0.06% (w/w) of PHGG (PHGG). One and three months post-PHGG supplementation, fecal samples were collected from randomly selected 20 piglets in each group and analyzed for microbiota and organic acid concentrations. Notably, the abundance of Streptococcus, and unclassified Ruminococcaceae were lower (p < 0.05) in PHGG than in control, one-month post-supplementation. Lactobacillus and Prevotella were higher (p < 0.05), while Streptococcus was lower (p < 0.05), in PHGG than in control, three months post-supplementation. The concentrations of acetate, propionate, and butyrate were greater in PHGG than in control, three months post-supplementation. Finally, PHGG grew faster and had fewer deaths until slaughter time (p < 0.05), than control. We concluded that PHGG not only was an effective prebiotic to alter gut microbiota of weanling piglets but also can possibly promote body weight accretion and health.
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Bai Y, Wang Z, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Ye H, Wang H, Pi Y, Lian S, Han D, Wang J. Ingestion of xylooligosaccharides during the suckling period improve the feed efficiency and hindgut fermentation capacity of piglets after weaning. Food Funct 2021; 12:10459-10469. [PMID: 34550161 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02275j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Fiber ingestion during the suckling period is helpful for gut development and probiotic colonization. Xylooligosaccharides (Xos) and xylan (Xyl) were selected to investigate the effects of different polymerization degree fiber ingestion on the growth performance and microbiota fermentation capacity of pre- and post-weanling piglets. An in vitro fermentation trial was also conducted to verify the microbial fermentation capacity of weanling piglet fecal microbiota. Results showed that Xos and Xyl ingestion had no significant effect on the piglet body weight and D-lactate level in the plasma at 21 d during the suckling period. After weaning, piglets in the Xyl group had a lower average daily gain (ADG) (P < 0.05), vitro dry matter (DM) fermentability (P < 0.05) and activity of xylanase (P < 0.05) than the control and Xos groups. The Xos group had no significant difference in the ADG when compared with the control group, but a significantly lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P < 0.05) than the control group, which means a high feed efficiency in the Xos group. The highest carbohydrate digestion and absorption ability of fecal microbiota (P < 0.05) was found in the Xos group. Meanwhile, the Xos group had the highest butyrate production ability (P < 0.05) and activity of xylanase (P < 0.05) during in vitro fermentation. The ingestion of Xyl during the suckling period had negative effects on the feed efficiency and hindgut fermentation capacity of weanling piglets. Xylooligosaccharide ingestion to suckling piglets improves growth performance and feed efficiency after weaning through increasing the fermentation capacity of microbiota and fiber-degrading enzyme secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xingjian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaowen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haotian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biological Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Boen Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Shuai Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163000, China
| | - Dandan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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25
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Bai Y, Zhou X, Li N, Zhao J, Ye H, Zhang S, Yang H, Pi Y, Tao S, Han D, Zhang S, Wang J. In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics and Fiber-Degrading Enzyme Kinetics of Cellulose, Arabinoxylan, β-Glucan and Glucomannan by Pig Fecal Microbiota. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9051071. [PMID: 34065679 PMCID: PMC8156825 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-digestible polysaccharides are of great significance to human and animal intestinal health. Cellulose, arabinoxylan, β-glucan and glucomannan were selected in the present study to investigate the fermentation characteristics and fiber-degrading enzyme kinetics by inoculating pig fecal microbiota in vitro. Our results showed that fermentation of arabinoxylan and β-glucan produced the highest amount of acetate and lactate, respectively. The abundance of Prevotella_9 was the highest in β-glucan group and positively correlated with lactate and acetate. Glucomannan fermentation produced the highest amount of butyrate, and the abundance of Lachnospiraceae_XPB_1014_group and Bacteroides were the lowest. A significant negative correlation was found between Lachnospiraceae_XPB_1014_group, Bacteroides and butyrate. Exo-β-1,4-xylanase had the highest activity at 24 h during arabinoxylan fermentation. The activity of β-glucosidase and β-mannosidase at 36 h were higher than those at 15 h in the glucomannan group. The abundance of Prevotella_9 was positively correlated with β-glucosidase while Lachnospiraceae_XPB_1014_group and Bacteroides were negatively correlated with β-xylosidase. Our findings demonstrated the β-glucan and arabinoxylan promote proliferation of Prevotella_9, with the preference to secret β-glucosidase, β-mannosidase and the potential to produce lactate and acetate. Butyrate production can be improved by inhibiting the proliferation of Lachnospiraceae_XPB_1014_group and Bacteroides, which have the lack of potential to secret β-xylosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.B.); (X.Z.); (N.L.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.P.); (S.T.); (D.H.); (S.Z.)
| | - Xingjian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.B.); (X.Z.); (N.L.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.P.); (S.T.); (D.H.); (S.Z.)
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.B.); (X.Z.); (N.L.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.P.); (S.T.); (D.H.); (S.Z.)
| | - Jinbiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.B.); (X.Z.); (N.L.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.P.); (S.T.); (D.H.); (S.Z.)
| | - Hao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.B.); (X.Z.); (N.L.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.P.); (S.T.); (D.H.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shiyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.B.); (X.Z.); (N.L.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.P.); (S.T.); (D.H.); (S.Z.)
| | - Hongjian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.B.); (X.Z.); (N.L.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.P.); (S.T.); (D.H.); (S.Z.)
| | - Yu Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.B.); (X.Z.); (N.L.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.P.); (S.T.); (D.H.); (S.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Boen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guanzhou 341000, China
| | - Shiyu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.B.); (X.Z.); (N.L.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.P.); (S.T.); (D.H.); (S.Z.)
| | - Dandan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.B.); (X.Z.); (N.L.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.P.); (S.T.); (D.H.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.B.); (X.Z.); (N.L.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.P.); (S.T.); (D.H.); (S.Z.)
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.B.); (X.Z.); (N.L.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.P.); (S.T.); (D.H.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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De Brier N, Lemmens E, Gomand SV, Verbeke K, Delcour JA. Premilling pearling for producing wheat fractions with distinct digestibility and fermentability. Cereal Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niels De Brier
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe) KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Elien Lemmens
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe) KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Sara V. Gomand
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe) KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Kristin Verbeke
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID) KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Jan A. Delcour
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe) KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
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Pi Y, Hu J, Bai Y, Wang Z, Wu Y, Ye H, Zhang S, Tao S, Xiao Y, Han D, Ni D, Zou X, Wang J. Effects of dietary fibers with different physicochemical properties on fermentation kinetics and microbial composition by fecal inoculum from lactating sows in vitro. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:907-917. [PMID: 32737882 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficient utilization of dietary fibers (DFs) is important for optimizing feed resource utilization and animal health. The aim of the current study was to assess the effects of DFs with varying physicochemical properties (bulky, viscous, and fermentable) on fermentation kinetics and microbial composition during in vitro fermentation by fecal inoculum from lactating sow. According to the physicochemical properties, three different DFs, lignocellulose (LC), modified cassava starch (MCS) and konjac flour (KF) were selected as bulky fiber, fermentable fiber and viscous fiber respectively. Gas production, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) profiles and microbial composition were monitored during the fermentation. RESULTS Results showed that the gas production in 72 h (GP72h ) ranked as: KF > MCS > LC (P < 0.05). The halftime of asymptotic gas production ranked as: KF < MCS = LC (P < 0.001). At 36 h of fermentation, MCS group showed higher concentrations of formic acid and lactate than LC and KF groups, whereas KF group showed higher concentrations of propionate and butyrate than LC and MCS groups (P < 0.05). At 72 h of fermentation, KF group showed higher concentrations of formic acid, lactate and propionate than LC and MCS groups, whereas MCS group showed higher concentrations of acetate and butyrate than LC and KF groups (P < 0.05). At 36 h of fermentation, Anaerovibrio and Erysipelatoclostridium abundances were higher in KF group, whereas Proteiniclasticum abundance was higher in MCS group. At 72 h of fermentation, the abundance of Fibrobacter in LC group was higher than that in MCS and KF groups. In addition, we also observed that the abundances of certain specific bacteria (Anaerovibrio and Erysipelatoclostridium) were closely related to the SCFAs production (propionate and butyrate) at different fermentation times. CONCLUSION Collectively, the present study revealed that KF is a fast fermentation fiber which could produce propionate and butyrate rapidly, whereas LC is difficult to be fermented by bacteria. In addition, the fermentation of DFs with different physicochemical properties had divergent impacts on microbial composition and SCFA production. These findings deepen our understanding of the mechanisms of interaction between DFs and intestinal microbiota, and provide new ideas for the rational use of fiber resources in lactating sows. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Boen Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Ganzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Boen Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yujun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingping Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongjiao Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Boen Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Boen Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Ganzhou, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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