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Peng R, Song C, Gou S, Liu H, Kang H, Dong Y, Xu Y, Hu P, Cai K, Feng Q, Guan H, Li F. Gut Clostridium sporogenes-derived indole propionic acid suppresses osteoclast formation by activating pregnane X receptor. Pharmacol Res 2024; 202:107121. [PMID: 38431091 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Bone homeostasis is maintained by osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-mediated bone formation. A dramatic decrease in estrogen levels in postmenopausal women leads to osteoclast overactivation, impaired bone homeostasis, and subsequent bone loss. Changes in the gut microbiome affect bone mineral density. However, the role of the gut microbiome in estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss and its underlying mechanism remain unknown. In this study, we found that the abundance of Clostridium sporogenes (C. spor.) and its derived metabolite, indole propionic acid (IPA), were decreased in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. In vitro assays suggested that IPA suppressed osteoclast differentiation and function. At the molecular level, IPA suppressed receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL)-induced pregnane X receptor (PXR) ubiquitination and degradation, leading to increased binding of remaining PXR with P65. In vivo daily IPA administration or repeated C. spor. colonization protected against OVX-induced bone loss. To protect live bacteria from the harsh gastric environment and delay the emptying of orally administered C. spor. from the intestine, a C. spor.-encapsulated silk fibroin (SF) hydrogel system was developed, which achieved bone protection in OVX mice comparable to that achieved with repeated germ transplantation or daily IPA administration. Overall, we found that gut C. spor.-derived IPA was involved in estrogen deficiency-induced osteoclast overactivation by regulating the PXR/P65 complex. The C. spor.-encapsulated SF hydrogel system is a promising tool for combating postmenopausal osteoporosis without the disadvantages of repeated germ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renpeng Peng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuangquan Gou
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Honglei Kang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yimin Dong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peixuan Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiyong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Hanfeng Guan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Dai C, Li H, Zhao W, Fu Y, Cheng J. Bioactive functions of chlorogenic acid and its research progress in pig industry. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:439-450. [PMID: 37975278 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CGA), also known as 3-caffeioylquinic acid or coffee tannin, is a water-soluble polyphenol phenylacrylate compound produced through the shikimate pathway by plants during aerobic respiration. CGA widely exists in higher dicotyledons, ferns and many Chinese medicinal materials, and enjoys the reputation of 'plant gold'. Here, we summarized the source, chemical structure, biological activity functions of CGA and its research progress in pigs, aiming to provide a more comprehensive understanding and theoretical basis for the prospect of CGA replacing antibiotics as a pig feed additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohui Dai
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Integration Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Germplasm Resources Protection and Utilization Platform, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Integration Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Germplasm Resources Protection and Utilization Platform, Nanjing, China
| | - Weimin Zhao
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Integration Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Germplasm Resources Protection and Utilization Platform, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanfeng Fu
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Integration Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Germplasm Resources Protection and Utilization Platform, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhua Cheng
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Integration Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Germplasm Resources Protection and Utilization Platform, Nanjing, China
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He Z, Liu S, Wen X, Cao S, Zhan X, Hou L, Li Y, Chen S, Zheng H, Deng D, Gao K, Yang X, Jiang Z, Wang L. Effect of mixed meal replacement of soybean meal on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, and gut microbiota of finishing pigs. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1321486. [PMID: 38362303 PMCID: PMC10868527 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1321486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study was carried out to investigate the effects of mixed meal (rapeseed meal, cotton meal, and sunflower meal) replacement soybean meal on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, serum inflammatory factors and immunoglobulins, serum biochemical parameters, intestinal permeability, short-chain fatty acid content, and gut microbiota of finishing pigs. Methods A total of 54 pigs with an average initial weight of 97.60 ± 0.30 kg were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups according to their initial weight, with 6 replicates in each group and 3 pigs in each replicate. The trial period was 26 days. The groups were as follows: control group (CON), fed corn-soybean meal type basal diet; Corn-soybean-mixed meal group (CSM), fed corn-soybean meal-mixed meal diet with a ratio of rapeseed meal, cotton meal, and sunflower meal of 1:1:1 to replace 9.06% soybean meal in the basal diet; Corn-mixed meal group (CMM), fed a corn-mixed meal diet with a ratio of Rapeseed meal, Cotton meal and Sunflower meal of 1:1:1 to replace soybean meal in the basal diet completely. The crude protein level of the three diets was maintained at 12.5%. Results Our findings revealed no significant impact of replacing soybean meal with the mixed meal (rapeseed meal, cotton meal, and sunflower meal) on the ADG (Average daily gain), ADFI (Average daily feed intake), and F/G (Feed gain ratio) (P > 0.05), or crude protein, crude fat, and gross energy (P > 0.05) in the diet of finishing pigs. Compared with the CON group, the serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) concentrations were significantly decreased in the CMM group (P < 0.05). However, there is no significant effect of the mixed meal (rapeseed meal, cotton meal, and sunflower meal) replacing soybean meal in the diet on the serum interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) concentrations (P > 0.05). Concordantly, there is no significant effect of mixed meal (rapeseed meal, cotton meal, and sunflower meal) replacing soybean meal in the diet on the serum antioxidant capacity, such as total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of finishing pigs. Moreover, compared with the CON group, serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) levels were significantly lower in the CSM group (P < 0.05) and their total bilirubin (TBIL) levels were significantly lower in the CMM group (P < 0.05). There is not a significant effect on serum D-lactate and diamine oxidase (DAO) concentrations (P > 0.05). The next section of the survey showed that the replacement of soybean meal with a mixed meal (rapeseed meal, cotton meal, and sunflower meal) in the diet did not significantly influence the acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, isobutyric acid, and isovaleric acid in the colon contents (P > 0.05). Furthermore, compared with the CON group, the CMM group diet significantly increased the abundance of Actinobacteria at the phylum level (P < 0.05), U_Actinobacteria at the class level (P < 0.05), and U_Bacteria at the class level (P < 0.05). The result also showed that the CMM group significantly reduced the abundance of Oscillospirales at the order level (P < 0.05) and Streptococcaceae at the family level (P < 0.05) compared with the CON group. The Spearman correlation analysis depicted a statistically significant positive correlation identified at the class level between the relative abundance of U_Bacteria and the serum T. BILI concentrations (P < 0.05). Moreover, a significant negative correlation was detected at the order level between the relative abundance of Oscillospirales and the levels of acetic and propionic acids in the colonic contents (P < 0.05). Additionally, there was a significant positive correlation between the serum concentrations of IL-6 and IL-10 and the relative abundance of the family Streptococcaceae (P < 0.05). Discussion This study demonstrated that the mixed meal (rapeseed meal, cotton meal, and sunflower meal) as a substitute for soybean meal in the diet had no significant negative effects on the growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, serum immunoglobulins, serum antioxidant capacity, intestinal permeability, short-chain fatty acid content, and diversity of gut microbiota of finishing pigs. These results can help develop further mixed meals (rapeseed meal, cotton meal, and sunflower meal) as a functional alternative feed ingredient for soybean meals in pig diets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Wen K, Zhang K, Gao W, Bai S, Wang J, Song W, Zeng Q, Peng H, Lv L, Xuan Y, Li S, Xu M, Ding X. Effects of stevia extract on production performance, serum biochemistry, antioxidant capacity, and gut health of laying hens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103188. [PMID: 37980742 PMCID: PMC10665936 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the effects of stevia extract on production performance, serum immune indexes, intestinal structure, and cecum microbial structure. We randomly divided eight hundred 46-wk-old Roman hens into 5 groups, with 8 replicates in each group and 20 chickens in each replicate. The control group was fed a basal diet, whereas the 4 experimental groups were fed 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg stevia extracts. The study period was 24 wk. The addition of different concentrations of the stevia extract to the diet resulted in significant secondary changes in the egg production rate at 1 to 12 wk (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the addition of 50 and 100 mg/kg stevia extract to the diet significantly increased serum IgM and IgG levels in laying hens (P < 0.05) but linearly decreased serum IL-1β levels (P < 0.05). Serum T-SOD activity linearly increased (P = 0.057); however, serum biochemical indexes showed no significant differences. Stevia extract tended to increase the ratio of the duodenal villi height to the depth of the crypt (P = 0.067), with no obvious lesions in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. In addition, stevia extract increased the relative abundance of species at the phylum level, with the abundance of Bacteroides and Firmicutes exhibiting significant secondary changes (P < 0.05). The ACE and Chao1 indexes suggested that stevia extract addition significantly increased the alpha diversity of cecum microorganisms in laying hens. Furthermore, NMDS analysis based on operational taxonomic units revealed that stevia extract addition increased the beta diversity of cecum microorganisms in laying hens. Adding a certain amount of stevia extract to feed can improve the production performance, immune ability, and intestinal health of laying hens to some extent, and we recommend an effective level of 200mg/kg of stevia extract for laying hen diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaimei Wen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Keying Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Chenguang Biological Technology Group Co, Ltd., Handan 057250, China; Hebei Province Plant Source Animal Health Products Technology Innovation Center, Handan 057250, China
| | - Shiping Bai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Weiguang Song
- Chenguang Biological Technology Group Co, Ltd., Handan 057250, China; Hebei Province Plant Source Animal Health Products Technology Innovation Center, Handan 057250, China
| | - Qiufeng Zeng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Huanwei Peng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li Lv
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yue Xuan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Meili Xu
- Chenguang Biological Technology Group Co, Ltd., Handan 057250, China; Hebei Province Plant Source Animal Health Products Technology Innovation Center, Handan 057250, China
| | - Xuemei Ding
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China.
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Xie K, Sun Y, Deng L, Yu B, Luo Y, Huang Z, Mao X, Yu J, Zheng P, Yan H, Li Y, Li H, He J. Effects of Dietary Chlorogenic Acid Supplementation on Growth Performance, Meat Quality, and Muscle Flavor Substances in Finishing Pigs. Foods 2023; 12:3047. [PMID: 37628046 PMCID: PMC10453883 DOI: 10.3390/foods12163047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
With the prohibition of antibiotics in feed, certain phytocompounds have been widely studied as feed additives. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a natural polyphenol found in plants, possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and metabolic regulatory features. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary chlorogenic acid supplementation on growth performance and carcass traits, as well as meat quality, nutrient value and flavor substances of Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire (DLY) pigs. Forty healthy DLY pigs (initial body weight (BW): 26.69 ± 0.37) were allotted to four treatment groups and were fed with the control diet, which was supplemented with 25 mg kg-1, 50 mg kg-1, and 100 mg kg-1 CGA, respectively. The trial lasted 100 days. The results suggested that dietary CGA supplementation had no effect (p < 0.05) on the average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FC). Herein, it was found that 50 mg kg-1 CGA-containing diet not only increased the dressing percentage and perirenal fat, but also reduced the rate of muscular pH decline (p < 0.05). In the longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle, the myofiber-type-related genes such as the MyHC IIa and MyHC IIX mRNA levels were increased by 100 mg kg-1 CGA. The results also indicated that the 100 mg kg-1 CGA-containing diet increased the content of crude fat, glycogen, total amino acids, and flavor amino acids, but decreased the inosine and hypoxanthine concentration in LT (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the lipogenic gene ACC1 mRNA level was elevated by 50 mg kg-1 CGA. Instead, 100 mg kg-1 CGA downregulated the expression level of NT5C2, an enzyme responsible for inosine-5'-monophosphate (IMP) degradation. Additionally, 100 mg kg-1 CGA decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, but increased the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) content as well as antioxidant gene (HO-1, NQO-1, NRF2) mRNA levels in LT muscle. These findings showed that dietary CGA could partly improve carcass traits and muscle flavor without negatively affecting growth performance, and the underlying mechanism may be due to the antioxidant properties induced by CGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunhong Xie
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China; (K.X.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (Z.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (P.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Yaxin Sun
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China; (K.X.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (Z.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (P.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Lili Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China;
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China; (K.X.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (Z.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (P.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China; (K.X.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (Z.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (P.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China; (K.X.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (Z.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (P.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China; (K.X.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (Z.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (P.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China; (K.X.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (Z.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (P.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China; (K.X.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (Z.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (P.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China; (K.X.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (Z.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (P.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China; (K.X.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (Z.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (P.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Hua Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China; (K.X.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (Z.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (P.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China; (K.X.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (Z.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (P.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 625014, China
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Xiong Y, Cui B, He Z, Liu S, Wu Q, Yi H, Zhao F, Jiang Z, Hu S, Wang L. Dietary replacement of inorganic trace minerals with lower levels of organic trace minerals leads to enhanced antioxidant capacity, nutrient digestibility, and reduced fecal mineral excretion in growing-finishing pigs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1142054. [PMID: 37303716 PMCID: PMC10248082 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1142054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction More effective and environment-friendly organic trace minerals have great potential to replace the inorganic elements in the diets of livestock. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary replacement of 100% inorganic trace minerals (ITMs) with 30-60% organic trace minerals (OTMs) on the performance, meat quality, antioxidant capacity, nutrient digestibility, and fecal mineral excretion and to assess whether low-dose OTMs could replace whole ITMs in growing-finishing pigs' diets. Methods A total of 72 growing-finishing pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) with an initial average body weight of 74.25 ± 0.41 kg were selected and divided into four groups with six replicates per group and three pigs per replicate. The pigs were fed either a corn-soybean meal basal diet containing commercial levels of 100% ITMs or a basal diet with 30, 45, or 60% amino acid-chelated trace minerals instead of 100% ITMs, respectively. The trial ended when the pigs' weight reached ~110 kg. Results The results showed that replacing 100% ITMs with 30-60% OTMs had no adverse effect on average daily gain, average daily feed intake, feed/gain, carcass traits, or meat quality (P > 0.05) but significantly increased serum transferrin and calcium contents (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, replacing 100% ITMs with OTMs tended to increase serum T-SOD activity (0.05 ≤ P < 0.1), and 30% OTMs significantly increased muscle Mn-SOD activity (P < 0.05). Moreover, replacing 100% ITMs with OTMs tended to increase the apparent digestibility of energy, dry matter, and crude protein (0.05 ≤ P < 0.1) while significantly reducing the contents of copper, zinc, and manganese in feces (P < 0.05). Discussion In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 30-60% OTMs has the potential to replace 100% ITMs for improving antioxidant capacity and nutrient digestibility and for reducing fecal mineral excretion without compromising the performance of growing-finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China Ministry of Agriculture, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bailei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China Ministry of Agriculture, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhentao He
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China Ministry of Agriculture, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China Ministry of Agriculture, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China Ministry of Agriculture, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongbo Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China Ministry of Agriculture, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- DeBon Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zongyong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China Ministry of Agriculture, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenglan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China Ministry of Agriculture, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China Ministry of Agriculture, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Bayril T. Effects of dietary stevia and ginger extracts on fattening
performance, organ weights and serum biochemical parameters
in quails exposed to heat stress. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/159282/2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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Zhang X, Jiao T, Ma S, Chen X, Wang Z, Zhao S, Ren Y. Effects of different proportions of stevia stalk on nutrient utilization and rumen fermentation in ruminal fluid derived from sheep. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14689. [PMID: 36718442 PMCID: PMC9884030 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stevia straw is a byproduct of sugar crop stevia. It is a good feed material because of richness in nutrients and active substances (steviosides and flavonoids). However, due to improper utilization such as piling, burning and so on, it became a large amount of wasted straw resources and lead to environmental pollution. Methods We added 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0% and 1.5% of stevia stalk to study the effects of different stevia stalk concentrations on nutrient utilization and rumen fermentation in sheep (based on sheep diet). In vitro fermentation method was used, with 17 repetitions for each treatment. All fermentation substrate based on sheep diet with different stevia stalk concentrations were fermented for 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h, then the gas production, dry matter degradability (DMD), crude protein degradability (CPD), neutral detergent fiber degradability (NDFD), acid detergent fiber degradability (ADFD), pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were determined. Results The results showed that at different fermentation time, the change trend of gas production in each teatment was basically same, but the maximum occurred in 1.0% treatment at 48 h. The DMD, CPD, NDFD and ADFD of sheep diets increased with fermentation time increasing, especially the CPD48h, NDFD48h and ADFD48h of diets in 0.8%, 1.0% and 1.5% treatments were significantly higher than those in control (P < 0.05). The pH of fermentation substrate in each treatment remained within the normal range of 6.21∼7.25. NH3-N24h-48hin 0.8%, 1.0% and 1.5% treatments were higher than that in control. At 6 h-12 h, the total acid content of 0.8% and 1.0% treatments were significantly higher than those of other treatments (P < 0.05), it reached the highest in 1.0% treatment. According to overall evaluation, effect ranking of stevia stalk on sheep nutrient utilization was as follows: 1.0% >0.8% >1.5% >0.4% >0.6% >0.2%. Overall, 1.0% stevia stalk could promote nutrient degradation and sheep rumen fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ting Jiao
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Shumin Ma
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zhengwen Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yue Ren
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China
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Wei Z, Yu B, Huang Z, Luo Y, Zheng P, Mao X, Yu J, Luo J, Yan H, He J. Effect of 3-caffeoylquinic acid on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal functions in weaned pigs. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad234. [PMID: 37422911 PMCID: PMC10393208 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic acid like with the 3-caffeoylquini acid (3-CQA) is formed by caffeic acid and qunic acid. This study was conducted to explore the effect of 3-CQA on growth performance and intestinal functions in weaned pigs. A total of 180 weaned pigs were randomly allocated into five treatments with 6 replicate pens per treatment (6 pigs per pen). Pigs in the control group (CON) were fed with basal diet (BD), and the others in the experimental groups were fed with BD and supplemented with 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg 3-CQA. On day 43, the blood sample-collected pigs in the CON and optimal-dose group (only based on growth performance) were picked, and housed in metabolism cages (a total of 12 pigs, N = 6). 3-CQA increased the feed efficiency from days 21 to 42 of the trial and throughout the trial (P < 0.05). 3-CQA increased the serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, and total cholesterol (P < 0.05). Moreover, 3-CQA supplementation at 25 mg/kg increased the apparent digestibility of DM, energy, and ash (P < 0.05). Interestingly, 3-CQA decreased the crypt depth but increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the jejunum and ileum (P < 0.05). Moreover, 3-CQA also increased the activities of sucrase, lactase, and catalase in the jejunal mucosa, and increased the activities of alkaline phosphatase and superoxide dismutase in the ileal mucosa (P < 0.05). 3-CQA also increased the abundance of secretory immunoglobulin A in the ileal mucosa (P < 0.05). Importantly, 3-CQA not only elevated the expression levels of critical functional genes such as the zonula occludens-1 , occludin, solute carrier family 7 , and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the duodenum but also elevated the expression levels of divalent metal transporter-1 and Nrf2 in the jejunum (P < 0.05). These results suggested a positive effect of 3-CQA supplementation on the growth and intestinal functions of weaned pigs. The mechanisms of action may be associated with elevated anti-oxidant capacity and improved intestinal barrier functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiang Wei
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
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Dietary Stevia Residue Extract Supplementation Improves Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Microbial Composition of Weaned Piglets. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11102016. [PMID: 36290738 PMCID: PMC9598856 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of diet supplementation with stevia residue extract (SRE) on growth performance, intestinal health, and antioxidant capacity of weaned piglets. A total of 144 weaned piglets (body weight 6.8 ± 0.5 kg) were randomly selected and allocated into four treatment groups with six replicates of six pigs/pen. The treatments consisted of a basal diet without SRE or basal diet supplemented with 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg SRE. The results showed that the addition of 200 mg/kg SRE to the diet significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the diarrhea rate of piglets compared with the control group. The supplementation of 400 mg/kg SRE in the diet significantly reduced the piglets’ serum MDA content and significantly increased (p < 0.05) the T-AOC, T-SOD, and GSH-PX activity in the serum. The dietary supplementation with 400 mg/kg SRE significantly increased (p < 0.05) the CAT and GSH-PX activity in the liver. Moreover, the supplementation of 400 mg/kg SRE in the diet significantly increased (p < 0.05) the relative abundance of Prevotellaceae (genus) and Roseburia (genus) beneficial bacteria compared to the control group. Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that Prevotella (genus) abundance was positively correlated with liver GSH-PX activity and acetic acid content of colon contents. In conclusion, the supplementation of 400 mg/kg SRE to the diet can improve piglet health by regulating antioxidant reduction homeostasis, which may also be associated with an increase in the relative numbers of potentially beneficial bacteria.
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