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Juárez-Portilla C, Olivares-Bañuelos T, Molina-Jiménez T, Sánchez-Salcedo JA, Moral DID, Meza-Menchaca T, Flores-Muñoz M, López-Franco Ó, Roldán-Roldán G, Ortega A, Zepeda RC. Seaweeds-derived compounds modulating effects on signal transduction pathways: A systematic review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 63:153016. [PMID: 31325683 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the study of marine natural products has gained interest due to their relevant biological activities. Specially, seaweeds produce bioactive compounds that could act as modulators of cell signaling pathways involved in a plethora of diseases. Thereby, the description of the molecular mechanisms by which seaweeds elicit its biological functions will certainly pave the way to the pharmacological development of drugs. AIM This review describes the molecular mechanisms by which seaweeds act and its possible utilization in the design of new drugs. METHODS This review was conducted according to the PRISMA-P guidelines for systematic reviews. Two independent authors searched into four different databases using combinations of keywords. Two more authors selected the articles following the eligibility criteria. Information extraction was conducted by two separated authors and entered into spreadsheets. Methodological quality and risk of bias were determined applying a 12-question Risk of Bias criteria tool. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We found 2360 articles (SCOPUS: 998; PubMed: 678; Wiley: 645 and EBSCO: 39) using the established keywords, of which 113 articles fit the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. This work comprises studies in cell lines, and animal models, any clinical trial was excluded. The articles were published from 2005 up to March 31st 2018. The biggest amount of articles was published in 2017. Furthermore, the seaweeds tested in the studies were collected in 15 countries, mainly in Eastern countries. We found that the main modulated signaling pathways by seaweeds-derivate extracts and compounds were: L-Arginine/NO, TNF-α, MAPKs, PI3K/AKT/GSK, mTOR, NF-κB, extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis, cell cycle, MMPs and Nrf2. Finally, the articles we analyzed showed moderate risk of bias in almost all the parameters evaluated. However, the studies fail to describe the place and characteristics of sample collection, the sample size, and the blindness of the experimental design. CONCLUSION In this review we identified and summarized relevant information related to seaweed-isolated compounds and extracts having biological activity; their role in different signal pathways to better understand their potential to further development of cures for cancer, diabetes, and inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Juárez-Portilla
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana. Av. Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n. Col. Industrial Ánimas, C.P. 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Tatiana Olivares-Bañuelos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California. Km 103 autopista Tijuana-Ensenada, A.P. 453. Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Tania Molina-Jiménez
- Facultad de Química Farmacéutica Biológica, Universidad Veracruzana. Circuito Gonzalo Aguirre Beltrán s/n. Zona Universitaria, C.P. 91000, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - José Armando Sánchez-Salcedo
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana. Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, C.P. 09340, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México
| | - Diana I Del Moral
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana. Av. Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n. Col. Industrial Ánimas, C.P. 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Thuluz Meza-Menchaca
- Laboratorio de Genómica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Veracruzana. Médicos y Odontólogos s/n. Col. Unidad del Bosque, C.P. 91010, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Mónica Flores-Muñoz
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana. Av. Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n. Col. Industrial Ánimas, C.P. 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Óscar López-Franco
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana. Av. Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n. Col. Industrial Ánimas, C.P. 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Gabriel Roldán-Roldán
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Conductual, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Arturo Ortega
- Laboratorio de Neurotoxicología, Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, A.P. 14-740, 07300, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rossana C Zepeda
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana. Av. Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n. Col. Industrial Ánimas, C.P. 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, México.
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Son M, Oh S, Lee HS, Ryu B, Jiang Y, Jang JT, Jeon YJ, Byun K. Pyrogallol-Phloroglucinol-6,6'-Bieckol from Ecklonia cava Improved Blood Circulation in Diet-Induced Obese and Diet-Induced Hypertension Mouse Models. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E272. [PMID: 31071969 PMCID: PMC6562948 DOI: 10.3390/md17050272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood circulation disorders, such as hyperlipidemia and arteriosclerosis, are not easily cured by dietary supplements, but they can be mitigated. Although Ecklonia cava extract (ECE), as dietary supplements, are associated with improving the conditions, there are not many studies verifying the same. In this study, the beneficial effect of ECE and leaf of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE), which is a well-known dietary supplement, were first confirmed in a diet induced-obese model. Afterwards, 4 phlorotannins were isolated from ECE, and their inhibitory effects on vascular cell dysfunction were validated. Pyrogallol-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol (PPB) was selected to be orally administered in two mice models: the diet induced obese model and diet induced hypertension model. After four weeks of administration, the blood pressure of all mice was measured, after which they were subsequently sacrificed. PPB was found to significantly improve blood circulation, including a reduction of adhesion molecule expression, endothelial cell (EC) death, excessive vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration, blood pressure, and lipoprotein and cholesterol levels. Based on the excellent efficacy in diet-induced mouse models of obese and hypertension, our results demonstrate that PPB is a valuable active compound from among the phlorotannins that were isolated and it has the potential to be used in functional foods for improving the blood circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongjoo Son
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea.
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - BoMi Ryu
- Department of Marine Life Science, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, 1 Ara 1-dong, Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Yunfei Jiang
- Department of Marine Life Science, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, 1 Ara 1-dong, Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Ji Tae Jang
- Aqua Green Technology Co., Ltd., Smart Bldg., Jeju Science Park, Cheomdan-ro, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, 1 Ara 1-dong, Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea.
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The development of seaweed-derived bioactive compounds for use as prebiotics and nutraceuticals using enzyme technologies. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Maheshwari R, Balaraman R, Sen AK, Shukla D, Seth A. Effect of concomitant administration of coenzyme Q10 with sitagliptin on experimentally induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. Ren Fail 2017; 39:130-139. [PMID: 27841100 PMCID: PMC6014506 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2016.1254659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of coenzyme Q10 and its combination with sitagliptin in experimentally induced diabetic nephropathy. The diabetic rats were treated with coenzyme Q10 or sitagliptin and their concomitant administration. Various parameters of renal function like serum creatinine, urea, uric acid and markers of oxidative stress such as renal malondialdehyde content (MDA), glutathione (GSH) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase activities were measured. TNF-α, TGF-β, MPO activity and nitrite content were estimated in renal tissue with histopathological observation. Diabetic rats showed a significant reduction in renal function, which was reflected with an increase in serum creatinine, urea and uric acid levels. Streptozotocin-nicotinamide caused renal tubular damage with a higher MDA level, depletion of SOD and CAT activity and GSH level. In addition, TNF-α, TGF- β, MPO activity and nitrite content were significantly increased in diabetic rats. Treatment with coenzyme Q10 or sitagliptin and their co-administration ameliorated STZ-nicotinamide-induced renal damage which was reflected by decreased oxidative stress, TNF-α, TGF-β, MPO activity, nitrite content along with histopathological changes. To conclude, concomitant administration of coenzyme Q10 and sitagliptin showed a better renoprotective effect than coenzyme Q10 or sitagliptin when given alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Maheshwari
- Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Piparia, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Ashim Kumar Sen
- Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Piparia, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Disha Shukla
- Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Piparia, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Avinash Seth
- Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Piparia, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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Lee JY, Kim MY, Shin SH, Shin MR, Kwon OJ, Kim TH, Park CH, Noh JS, Rhee MH, Roh SS. Persicarin isolated from Oenanthe javanica protects against diabetes-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:1194-1202. [PMID: 28413457 PMCID: PMC5377288 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Persicarin is one of the major components of the Oenanthe javanica (water dropwort). The present study was aimed to evaluate the role of persicarin in the hepatic tissue of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice. Diabetes was induced by single intra-peritoneal injection of streptozotocin (120 mg/kg body weight) and then oral administration of persicarin at a dose 2.5 and 5 mg/kg body weight for 10 days. Serum and hepatic glucose levels were increased in diabetic control mice, while persicarin treatment groups were markedly reduced. Also, the increased levels of ALT and AST in serum were improved by persicarin. In our results revealed that persicarin suppressed increased oxidative stress parameter (reactive oxygen species, peroxinitrite, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunit (Nox-4 and P47phox) and inflammatory related makers (NF-κB, AP-1, TGF-β, COX-2, and iNOS). These results suggest that persicarin protects against liver damage by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory response under hyperglycemic conditions. Thus, persicarin could perform as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetic mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Young Lee
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 706-060, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Yeong Kim
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 706-060, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Shin
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 706-060, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Rae Shin
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 706-060, Republic of Korea
| | - O Jun Kwon
- Kyeoungbuk Institute for Regional Program Evaluation, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk 38542, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hum Park
- Department of Medicinal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, Gyeongsangbuk 27710, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Sook Noh
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Tongmyong University, Busan, Gyeongsangnam 48520, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Hee Rhee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Soo Roh
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 706-060, Republic of Korea
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Maheshwari RA, Balaraman R, Sen AK, Seth AK. Effect of coenzyme Q10 alone and its combination with metformin on streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. Indian J Pharmacol 2015; 46:627-32. [PMID: 25538335 PMCID: PMC4264079 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.144924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study was aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of coenzyme Q10 and its combination with metformin on streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide-induced diabetic nephropathy (DN). Materials and Methods: Type 2 diabetes in rats was induced with STZ-nicotinamide. The diabetic rats were treated with coenzyme Q10 (10 mg/kg, p.o.) alone or coenzyme Q10 + metformin. Various parameters of renal function tests such as serum creatinine, urea, uric acid, and markers of oxidative stress such as renal malondialdehyde (MDA) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities were measured. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and nitrite content were estimated in renal tissues. All treated animal were subjected to histopathological changes of kidney. Result: Diabetic rats showed a significant reduction in renal function, which was reflected with an increase in serum urea, serum creatinine, uric acid. In addition, STZ-nicotinamide caused renal tubular damage with a higher MDA level, depletion of SOD and CAT activity and glutathione (GSH) level. Moreover, TNF-α, MPO activity, TGF-β, and nitrite content were significantly increased in diabetic rats, while treatment with coenzyme Q10 or metformin or their combination ameliorate STZ-nicotinamide induced renal damage due to improvement in renal function, oxidative stress, suppression of TNF-α, MPO activity, TGF-β and nitrite content along with histopathological changes. Conclusions: This finding suggests that the treatment with coenzyme Q10 or metformin showed significant renoprotective effect against STZ-nicotinamide-induced DN. However, concomitant administration of both showed a better renoprotective effect than coenzyme Q10 or metformin alone treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh A Maheshwari
- Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Piparia, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - R Balaraman
- Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Piparia, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Ashim K Sen
- Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Piparia, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - A K Seth
- Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Piparia, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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Potential Bioactive Compounds from Seaweed for Diabetes Management. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:5447-91. [PMID: 26308010 PMCID: PMC4557030 DOI: 10.3390/md13085447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders of the endocrine system characterised by hyperglycaemia. Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) constitutes the majority of diabetes cases around the world and are due to unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle, as well as rise of obesity in the population, which warrants the search for new preventive and treatment strategies. Improved comprehension of T2DM pathophysiology provided various new agents and approaches against T2DM including via nutritional and lifestyle interventions. Seaweeds are rich in dietary fibres, unsaturated fatty acids, and polyphenolic compounds. Many of these seaweed compositions have been reported to be beneficial to human health including in managing diabetes. In this review, we discussed the diversity of seaweed composition and bioactive compounds which are potentially useful in preventing or managing T2DM by targeting various pharmacologically relevant routes including inhibition of enzymes such as α-glucosidase, α-amylase, lipase, aldose reductase, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4). Other mechanisms of action identified, such as anti-inflammatory, induction of hepatic antioxidant enzymes’ activities, stimulation of glucose transport and incretin hormones release, as well as β-cell cytoprotection, were also discussed by taking into consideration numerous in vitro, in vivo, and human studies involving seaweed and seaweed-derived agents.
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Proanthocyanidin Attenuation of Oxidative Stress and NF- κ B Protects Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice against Diabetic Nephropathy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:769409. [PMID: 24023581 PMCID: PMC3759251 DOI: 10.1155/2013/769409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia result in oxidative stress and play a major role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). We explored the effects of proanthocyanidin (PA) on the induction and progression of DN in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Diabetes Mellitus was induced in ten-week-old male apoE−/−mice using streptozotocin (STZ). Mice were fed with a high-fat diet in presence or absence of PA. PA treatment significantly reduced the high cholesterol levels, restored renal functions, and reduced albuminuria in the PA-treated diabetic mice compared with the diabetic untreated mice. In addition, the glomerular mesangial expansion in the diabetic mice was attenuated as a result of PA supplementation. Moreover, PA treatment restored the elevated levels of MDA and CML and the reduced activity of SOD and GSH in the diabetic mice. Furthermore, PA feeding reduced the activation and translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus compared with the diabetic untreated animals. Reduction of NF-κB activation resulted in the attenuation of the expression of IL-6, TGFβ, and RAGE which protected PA-treated mice against DN. The renoprotective effects of PA were found to be time independent regardless of whether the dietary feeding with PA was started pre-, co-, or post-STZ injection. In conclusion, part of the beneficial effects of PA includes the disruption of the detrimental AGE-RAGE-NFκB pathways.
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Jung HA, Jin SE, Ahn BR, Lee CM, Choi JS. Anti-inflammatory activity of edible brown alga Eisenia bicyclis and its constituents fucosterol and phlorotannins in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:199-206. [PMID: 23774261 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although individual phlorotannins contained in the edible brown algae have been reported to possess strong anti-inflammatory activity, the responsible components of Eisenia bicyclis have yet to be fully studied. Thus, we evaluated their anti-inflammatory activity via inhibition against production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) and tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), along with suppression against expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), in RAW 264.7 cells. The anti-inflammatory activity potential of the methanolic extract and its fractions of E. bicyclis was in the order of dichloromethane>methanol>ethyl acetate>n-butanol. The strong anti-inflammatory dichloromethane fraction was further purified to yield fucosterol. From the ethyl acetate fraction, six known phlorotannins were isolated: phloroglucinol, eckol, dieckol, 7-phloroeckol, phlorofucofuroeckol A and dioxinodehydroeckol. We found that these compounds, at non-toxic concentrations, dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced NO production. Fucosterol also inhibited t-BHP-induced ROS generation and suppressed the expression of iNOS and COX-2. These results indicate that E. bicyclis and its constituents exhibited anti-inflammatory activity which might attribute to inhibition of NO and ROS generation and suppression of the NF-κB pathway and can therefore be considered as a useful therapeutic and preventive approach to various inflammatory and oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Key Words
- 2-amino-5,6-dihydro-6-methyl-4H-1,3-thiazine hydrochloride
- 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein
- 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate
- 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein
- 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide
- 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid
- AMT
- Anti-inflammation
- COX-2
- DCF
- DCFH
- DCFH-DA
- DMEM
- DMSO-d(6)
- Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium
- Eisenia bicyclis
- FBS
- Fucosterol
- HRP
- LPS
- MTT
- NO
- NOS
- PVDF
- Phlorotannin
- ROS
- TLC
- Trolox
- cyclooxygenase-2
- deuterated dimethylsulfoxide
- fetal bovine serum
- horseradish peroxidase
- iNOS
- inducible nitric oxide synthase
- lipopolysaccharide
- nitric oxide
- nitric oxide synthase
- polyvinylidene fluoride
- reactive oxygen species
- t-BHP
- tert-butylhydroperoxide
- thin layer chromatography
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
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Park JY, Kim JH, Kwon JM, Kwon HJ, Jeong HJ, Kim YM, Kim D, Lee WS, Ryu YB. Dieckol, a SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) inhibitor, isolated from the edible brown algae Ecklonia cava. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:3730-7. [PMID: 23647823 PMCID: PMC7126891 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) plays an important role in viral replication. In this study, we performed a biological evaluation on nine phlorotannins isolated from the edible brown algae Ecklonia cava. The nine isolated phlorotannins (1-9), except phloroglucinol (1), possessed SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) inhibitory activities in a dose-dependently and competitive manner. Of these phlorotannins (1-9), two eckol groups with a diphenyl ether linked dieckol (8) showed the most potent SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) trans/cis-cleavage inhibitory effects (IC(50)s = 2.7 and 68.1 μM, respectively). This is the first report of a (8) phlorotannin chemotype significantly blocking the cleavage of SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) in a cell-based assay with no toxicity. Furthermore, dieckol (8) exhibited a high association rate in the SPR sensorgram and formed extremely strong hydrogen bonds to the catalytic dyad (Cys145 and His41) of the SARS-CoV 3CL(pro).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Park
- Infection Control Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
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Bioactive compounds extracted from Gamtae (Ecklonia cava) by using enzymatic hydrolysis, a potent α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitor, alleviates postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetic mice. Food Sci Biotechnol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-012-0150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Lee SH, Park MH, Park SJ, Kim J, Kim YT, Oh MC, Jeong Y, Kim M, Han JS, Jeon YJ. Bioactive compounds extracted from Ecklonia cava by using enzymatic hydrolysis protects high glucose-induced damage in INS-1 pancreatic β-cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 167:1973-85. [PMID: 22644639 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9695-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells are very sensitive to oxidative stress and this might play an important role in β-cell death in diabetes. In the present study, we investigated whether the brown alga Ecklonia cava has protective effects against high glucose-induced damage in INS-1 pancreatic β-cells. For that purpose, we prepared an enzymatic hydrolysate from E. cava (EHE) by using the carbohydrase, Celluclast. High-glucose (30 mM) treatment induced glucotoxicity, whereas EHE prevented cells from high glucose-induced damage then restoring cell viability was significantly increased. Furthermore, lipid peroxidation, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) were overproduced as the result of the treatment by high glucose; however, these lipid peroxidation, ROS and NO generations were effectively inhibited by addition of EHE in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, EHE treatment increased activities of antioxidant enzymes including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) in high glucose pretreated INS-1 pancreatic β-cells. EHE slightly reduced the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax induced by high glucose but increased the expression of Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein. These findings indicate that EHE might be used as potential nutraceutical agent which will protect the glucotoxicity caused by hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hong Lee
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, South Korea
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Lee SH, Ko CI, Ahn G, You S, Kim JS, Heu MS, Kim J, Jee Y, Jeon YJ. Molecular characteristics and anti-inflammatory activity of the fucoidan extracted from Ecklonia cava. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 89:599-606. [PMID: 24750764 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic extraction has been successfully used for extracting numerous biologically active compounds from a wide variety of seaweeds. In this study, we found that enzymatic extraction of the fucoidan from Ecklonia cava may be more advantageous than water extraction. Therefore, we studied the E. cava fucoidans extracted by the enzymatic extraction technique and used ion-exchange chromatography to determine their molecular characteristics and anti-inflammatory activities. The crude and fractionated fucoidans (F1, F2, and F3) consisted mostly of carbohydrates (47.1-57.1%), uronic acids (9.0-15.8%), and sulfates (16.5-39.1%), as well as varying levels of proteins (1.3-8.7%). The monosaccharide levels significantly differed, and the composition included fucose (53.1-77.9%) and galactose (10.1-32.8%), with a small amount of rhamnose (2.3-4.5%), xylose (4.0-8.2%), and glucose (0.8-2.2%). These fucoidans contained one or two subfractions with an average molecular weight (Mw) ranging from 18 to 359×10(3)g/mol. These fucoidans significantly inhibited NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Raw 264.7 macrophage cells by down-regulating the expression of iNOS, COX-2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Thus, the present results suggest that E. cava fucoidan may be a potentially useful therapeutic approach for various inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hong Lee
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ik Ko
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - SangGuan You
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 210-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology/Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Soo Heu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition/Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeil Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngheun Jee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Applied Radiological Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea; Marine and Environmental Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 695-814, Republic of Korea
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Moon HE, Islam N, Ahn BR, Chowdhury SS, Sohn HS, Jung HA, Choi JS. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B and α-glucosidase inhibitory Phlorotannins from edible brown algae, Ecklonia stolonifera and Eisenia bicyclis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2011; 75:1472-80. [PMID: 21821954 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The present work investigates protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and the α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of two edible brown algae, Ecklonia stolonifera and Eisenia bicyclis, as well as in their isolated phlorotannins. Since the individual extracts and fractions showed significant inhibitory activities, column chromatography was performed to isolate six phlorotannins, phloroglucinol (1), dioxinodehydroeckol (2), eckol (3), phlorofurofucoeckol-A (4), dieckol (5), and 7-phloroeckol (6). Phlorotannins 3-6 were potent and noncompetitive PTP1B inhibitors with IC(50) values ranging from 0.56 to 2.64 µM; 4-6 exhibited the most potent α-glucosidase inhibition with IC(50) values ranging from 1.37 to 6.13 µM. Interestingly, 4 and 6 were noncompetitive, while 5 exhibited competitive inhibition in an α-glucosidase assay. E. stolonifera and E. bicyclis as well as their isolated phlorotannins therefore possessed marked PTP1B and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities; this could lead to opportunities in the development of therapeutic agents to control the postprandial blood glucose level and thereby prevent diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Eun Moon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Yi X, Nickeleit V, James LR, Maeda N. α-Lipoic acid protects diabetic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice from nephropathy. J Diabetes Complications 2011; 25:193-201. [PMID: 20801062 PMCID: PMC3010318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Revised: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM Both hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia increase oxidative stress and contribute to the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). We investigated the effects of α-lipoic acid, a natural antioxidant and a cofactor in the multienzyme complexes, on the development of DN in diabetic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. METHODS Twelve-week-old male apoE-/- mice on C57BL/6J genetic background were made diabetic with injections of streptozotocin (STZ). STZ-treated diabetic apoE-/- mice and non-diabetic control were fed with a synthetic high-fat (HF) diet with or without lipoic acid (LA) supplementation. Multiple parameters including plasma glucose, cholesterol, oxidative stress markers, cytokines, and kidney cortex gene expression, and glomerular morphology were evaluated. RESULTS LA supplementation markedly protected the β cells, reduced cholesterol levels, and attenuated albuminuria and glomerular mesangial expansion in the diabetic mice. Renoprotection by LA was equally effective regardless of whether the dietary supplementation was started 4 weeks before, simultaneously with, or 4 weeks after the induction of diabetes by STZ. LA supplementation significantly improved DN and oxidative stress in the diabetic mice. Severity of albuminuria was positively correlated with level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) in the kidney (r(2)=0.62, P<.05). Diabetes significantly changed the kidney expression of Rage, Sod2, Tgfb1 and Ctgf, Pdp2, nephrin, and Lias. LA supplementation corrected these changes except that it further suppressed the expression of the Lias gene coding for lipoic acid synthase. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that LA supplementation effectively attenuates the development and progression of DN through its antioxidant effect as well as enhances glucose oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwen Yi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7525, USA.
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