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El Riachy M, Moubarak P, Al Hawi G, Geha M, Mushantaf W, Estephan N, Skaff W. Fatty Acid and Phenolic Profiles of Virgin Olive Oils from Local and European Varieties Planted in Lebanon. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2681. [PMID: 37514295 PMCID: PMC10386562 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
In Lebanon, olive oil is an integral part of its history and culinary traditions. However, the quality of this product, originating from different growing regions of the country, is rarely addressed. The objectives of this study were to compare the fatty acids and phenolic profiles of virgin olive oils produced from two local and eight European varieties, and to use these profiles as a tool for their characterization. Seventy-six samples were collected from two olive-growing regions of Lebanon and at two harvesting times. Fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector, total phenols was determined by spectrophotometry and individual phenols by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector. All samples were also analyzed using near infrared spectroscopy. The experimental data were collected in numerical matrices and treated by chemometric methods. The results showed the significant effect of the geographical origin, the olive variety and the harvesting time on the ripening and industrial yield of the olives and on the major fatty acids and phenols of olive oil. Moreover, the used chemometric methods allowed the discrimination of European olive varieties based on their high contents of oleic acid, oleacein and oleocanthal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad El Riachy
- Department of Olive and Olive Oil, Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute, Zahleh P.O. Box 287, Lebanon
| | - Peter Moubarak
- Department of Olive and Olive Oil, Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute, Zahleh P.O. Box 287, Lebanon
| | - Ghenwa Al Hawi
- Department of Olive and Olive Oil, Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute, Zahleh P.O. Box 287, Lebanon
| | - Myriam Geha
- Department of Olive and Olive Oil, Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute, Zahleh P.O. Box 287, Lebanon
| | - Walid Mushantaf
- Boustan Al Zaytoun, Subsidiary of Green and Pure, Aabra Village, Main Road, Aabra Saida 1600, Lebanon
| | - Nathalie Estephan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh P.O. Box 446, Lebanon
| | - Wadih Skaff
- Food Industry and Agriculture Unit, ESIAM, Faculty of Engineering, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 17-5208, Lebanon
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Piana ML, Cianciabella M, Daniele GM, Badiani A, Rocculi P, Tappi S, Gatti E, Marcazzan GL, Magli M, Medoro C, Predieri S. Influence of the Physical State of Two Monofloral Honeys on Sensory Properties and Consumer Satisfaction. Foods 2023; 12:foods12050986. [PMID: 36900503 PMCID: PMC10000918 DOI: 10.3390/foods12050986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey is a worldwide known and appreciated food product. Its appreciation by consumers is due to both its nutritional properties and the extremely reduced processing. The floral origin, color, aroma and taste are key factors in determining the quality of honey. Nevertheless, rheological properties, as crystallization rate, play a fundamental role in the perceived overall quality. Indeed, crystallized honey is often considered of poor quality by consumers, but a fine-grained or creamy texture is becoming interesting from the producers' side. The purpose of this study was to investigate textural and aromatic properties and consumers' perception and acceptance of two monofloral honeys that were differently crystallized. Liquid and creamy samples were obtained from crystallized samples. Physico-chemical, descriptive and dynamic sensory analysis, as well as consumer and CATA tests, were conducted on the three honey textures. The physico-chemical analysis well-discriminated the crystallization levels and evidenced that, although the honey variety was different, the textural properties of the creamy samples are very similar. Crystallization was shown to affect the honey sensory perceptions: liquid samples were sweeter, but less aromatic. Consumer tests allowed the validation of panel data and confirmed consumers' higher appreciation for liquid and creamy honey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lucia Piana
- Piana Ricerca e Consulenza, Castel San Pietro Terme (BO), 40024 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Cianciabella
- IBE-Institute of BioEconomy, CNR, Via Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Anna Badiani
- Veterinary Medical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Pietro Rocculi
- Agricultural and Food Sciences Department, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Tappi
- Agricultural and Food Sciences Department, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Edoardo Gatti
- IBE-Institute of BioEconomy, CNR, Via Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Marcazzan
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Agriculture and Environment Research Center, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Magli
- IBE-Institute of BioEconomy, CNR, Via Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Medoro
- IBE-Institute of BioEconomy, CNR, Via Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefano Predieri
- IBE-Institute of BioEconomy, CNR, Via Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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3
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Greco M, Spadafora N, Shine M, Smith A, Muto A, Muzzalupo I, Chiappetta A, Bruno L, Müller C, Rogers H, Bitonti MB. Identifying volatile and non-volatile organic compounds to discriminate cultivar, growth location, and stage of ripening in olive fruits and oils. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:4500-4513. [PMID: 35122271 PMCID: PMC9541169 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing consumer demand for olive oil to be traceable. However, genotype, environmental factors, and stage of maturity, all affect the flavor and composition of both the olives and olive oil. Few studies have included all three variables. Key metabolites include lipids, phenolics, and a wide range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which provide the olives and oil with their characteristic flavor. Here we aim to identify markers that are able to discriminate between cultivars, that can identify growth location, and can discriminate stages of fruit maturity. 'Nocellara messinese' and 'Carolea' olive fruits were grown at three locations differing in altitude in Calabria, Italy, and harvested at three stages of maturity. Oil was analyzed from the two most mature stages. RESULTS Nine and 20 characters discriminated all fruit and oil samples respectively, and relative abundance of two fatty acids distinguished all oils. Whole VOC profiles discriminated among the least mature olives, and oil VOC profiles discriminated location and cultivar at both stages. Three VOCs putatively identified as hexanal, methyl acetate, and 3-hexen-1-ol differentiated all samples of oils from the most mature fruit stage. CONCLUSION The results confirm that interactions of location, cultivar and fruit maturity stage are critical for the overall pattern of aroma compounds, and identify potential markers of commercial relevance. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Greco
- Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth SciencesUniversity of CalabriaArcavacata di RendeItaly
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Natasha Spadafora
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Martin Shine
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Ann Smith
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Antonella Muto
- Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth SciencesUniversity of CalabriaArcavacata di RendeItaly
| | - Innocenzo Muzzalupo
- Centro di Ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Consiglio per la Ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA‐OFA)RendeItaly
| | - Adriana Chiappetta
- Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth SciencesUniversity of CalabriaArcavacata di RendeItaly
| | - Leonardo Bruno
- Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth SciencesUniversity of CalabriaArcavacata di RendeItaly
| | | | | | - M. Beatrice Bitonti
- Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth SciencesUniversity of CalabriaArcavacata di RendeItaly
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4
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Di Serio MG, Giansante L, Del Re P, Pollastri L, Panni F, Valli E, Di Giacinto L. Characterization of 'Olivastro di Bucchianico cv' extra virgin olive oils and its recognition by HS-GC-IMS. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:6074-6082. [PMID: 33899234 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single cultivar 'Olivastro di Bucchianico' extra virgin olive oil is obtained from olives cultivated in a narrow area of the Abruzzo region, Italy. This cultivar is mostly present in the municipality of Bucchianico and in some neighbouring municipalities in the province of Chieti. There is very little research in the literature describing the morphological and chemical characteristics of this cultivar. RESULTS A morphological characterization of the plant and the fruit was carried out. In addition, we characterized the chemical, physical-chemical and sensory properties of the extra virgin olive oil. The following analyses were conducted: free acidity, peroxide value, ultraviolet spectrophotometric indices, contents in fatty acid ethyl esters, waxes, tocopherols, fatty acids, triglycerides, sterols, alcohols, phenolic substances, volatile compounds and sensory profile. The analysis of the volatile compounds was performed using a headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) instrument connected to a nitrogen generator for carrier/drift gas production. CONCLUSION The results of the chemical analyses showed good levels of nutraceutical components in the oils, which were found to be organoleptically well balanced with medium values of fruity, bitter and pungent. The HS-GC-IMS method based on the analysis of 15 volatile molecules might be a useful tool for a chemometric discrimination of the varietal origin for the oils under investigation. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriella Di Serio
- Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economy Analysis - Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing (CREA-IT), Head Office Pescara, Cepagatti, Pescara, 65012, Italy
| | - Lucia Giansante
- Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economy Analysis - Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing (CREA-IT), Head Office Pescara, Cepagatti, Pescara, 65012, Italy
| | - Paolo Del Re
- Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economy Analysis - Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing (CREA-IT), Head Office Pescara, Cepagatti, Pescara, 65012, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Panni
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Enrico Valli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agrofood Research, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Luciana Di Giacinto
- Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economy Analysis - Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing (CREA-IT), Head Office Pescara, Cepagatti, Pescara, 65012, Italy
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Paciulli M, Difonzo G, Conte P, Flamminii F, Piscopo A, Chiavaro E. Physical and Thermal Evaluation of Olive Oils from Minor Italian Cultivars. Foods 2021; 10:foods10051004. [PMID: 34064430 PMCID: PMC8147848 DOI: 10.3390/foods10051004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Authentication of extra virgin olive oils is a key strategy for their valorization and a way to preserve olive biodiversity. Physical and thermal analysis have been proposed in this study as fast and green techniques to reach this goal. Thirteen extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) obtained from minor olive cultivars, harvested at three different ripening stages, in four Italian regions (Abruzzo, Apulia, Sardinia, and Calabria) have been studied. Thermal properties, viscosity and color, as influenced by fatty acid composition and chlorophyll content, have been investigated. The thermal curves of EVOOs, obtained by differential scanning calorimetry, were mostly influenced by the oleic acid content: a direct correlation with the cooling and heating enthalpy and an indirect correlation with the cooling transition range were observed. The minor fatty acids, and particularly arachidic acid, showed an influence, mostly on the heating thermograms. Viscosity and color showed respectively a correlation with fatty acids composition and chlorophyll content, however they didn’t result able to discriminate between the samples. Thanks to the principal component analysis, the most influencing thermal parameters and fatty acids were used to cluster the samples, based on their botanical and geographical origin, resulting instead the harvesting time a less influential variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paciulli
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0521-905891
| | - Graziana Difonzo
- Department of Soil Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Paola Conte
- Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Federica Flamminii
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Amalia Piscopo
- Department of AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Emma Chiavaro
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy;
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Squeo G, Silletti R, Mangini G, Summo C, Caponio F. The Potential of Apulian Olive Biodiversity: The Case of Oliva Rossa Virgin Olive Oil. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020369. [PMID: 33572062 PMCID: PMC7915085 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the drupes and virgin olive oils extracted from the Oliva Rossa landrace are characterized. Oliva Rossa is an old landrace part of the autochthonous Apulian olive germplasm for which only few data have been reported till now. During the study, the maturity patterns of the drupes had been followed. Four samplings per year were planned, one every 14 days starting from the middle of October. The pigmentation index, the oil content and the total phenolic content of the drupes were measured. Simultaneously, virgin olive oils were extracted at the lab scale and analyzed for the fatty acid composition, the basic quality parameters and the content of minor compounds. The pigmentation pattern of the drupes was different among the years and, despite this trend, at the third sampling time the stage of maximum oil accumulation was always over. The extracted virgin olive oils had a medium to high level of oleic acid. With colder temperatures, a higher level of monounsaturated fatty acids, oleic/linoleic ratio and antioxidants was observed. The phenolic profile was dominated by 3,4-DPHEA-EDA and p-HPEA-EDA while the volatile profile by (E)-2-hexenal and 3-ethyl-1,5-octadiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Squeo
- Food Science and Technology Unit, Department of Soil Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy; (R.S.); (C.S.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Roccangelo Silletti
- Food Science and Technology Unit, Department of Soil Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy; (R.S.); (C.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Giacomo Mangini
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Carmine Summo
- Food Science and Technology Unit, Department of Soil Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy; (R.S.); (C.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Caponio
- Food Science and Technology Unit, Department of Soil Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy; (R.S.); (C.S.); (F.C.)
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7
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López-Yerena A, Ninot A, Lozano-Castellón J, Escribano-Ferrer E, Romero-Aroca AJ, Belaj A, Vallverdú-Queralt A, Lamuela-Raventós RM. Conservation of Native Wild Ivory-White Olives from the MEDES Islands Natural Reserve to Maintain Virgin Olive Oil Diversity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1009. [PMID: 33080812 PMCID: PMC7603032 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9101009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Food diversity, and in particular genetic diversity, is being lost at an alarming rate. Protection of natural areas is crucial to safeguard the world's threatened species. The Medes Islands (MI), located in the northwest Mediterranean Sea, are a protected natural reserve. Wild olive trees also known as oleasters make up part of the vegetation of the Meda Gran island. Among them, in 2012, a wild albino ivory-white olive tree with fruit was identified. Fruits were collected from this tree and their seeds were first sown in a greenhouse and then planted in an orchard for purposes of ex situ preservation. Seven out of the 78 seedling trees obtained (12%) produced ivory-white fruits. In autumn 2018, fruits from these trees were sampled. Although the fruits had low oil content, virgin olive oil with unique sensory, physicochemical, and stability characteristics was produced. With respect to the polyphenols content, oleacein was the main compound identified (373.29 ± 72.02 mg/kg) and the oleocanthal was the second most abundant phenolic compound (204.84 ± 52.58 mg/kg). Regarding pigments, samples were characterized by an intense yellow color, with 12.5 ± 4.6 mg/kg of chlorophyll and 9.2 ± 3.3 mg/kg of carotenoids. Finally, oleic acid was the main fatty acid identified. This study explored the resources of the natural habitat of the MI as a means of enrichment of olive oil diversity and authenticity of this traditional Mediterranean food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anallely López-Yerena
- Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy Department, XaRTA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), Pharmacy and Food Sciences School, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.L.-Y.); (J.L.-C.); (A.V.-Q.)
| | - Antònia Ninot
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Fruit Science Program, Olive Growing and Oil Technology research team, 43120 Constantí, Spain; (A.N.); (A.J.R.-A.)
| | - Julián Lozano-Castellón
- Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy Department, XaRTA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), Pharmacy and Food Sciences School, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.L.-Y.); (J.L.-C.); (A.V.-Q.)
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Elvira Escribano-Ferrer
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Unit, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Pharmacy and Food Sciences School, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustí J. Romero-Aroca
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Fruit Science Program, Olive Growing and Oil Technology research team, 43120 Constantí, Spain; (A.N.); (A.J.R.-A.)
| | - Angjelina Belaj
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA)—Centro “Alameda del Obispo”, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, E-14004 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Anna Vallverdú-Queralt
- Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy Department, XaRTA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), Pharmacy and Food Sciences School, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.L.-Y.); (J.L.-C.); (A.V.-Q.)
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós
- Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy Department, XaRTA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), Pharmacy and Food Sciences School, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.L.-Y.); (J.L.-C.); (A.V.-Q.)
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
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Morrone L, Vagnoni E, Virgilio ND, Neri L, Rapparini F, Bertazza G, Duce P, Rotondi A. Chemical Profiling of Bosana Virgin Olive Oils Produced in Different Areas of Sardinia. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Morrone
- BioEconomy institute National Research Council Via Gobetti 101 Bologna 40129 Italy
| | - Enrico Vagnoni
- BioEconomy institute National Research Council Trav. La Crucca 3, Reg. Baldinca Sassari 07100 Italy
| | - Nicola Di Virgilio
- BioEconomy institute National Research Council Via Gobetti 101 Bologna 40129 Italy
| | - Luisa Neri
- BioEconomy institute National Research Council Via Gobetti 101 Bologna 40129 Italy
| | - Francesca Rapparini
- BioEconomy institute National Research Council Via Gobetti 101 Bologna 40129 Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Bertazza
- BioEconomy institute National Research Council Via Gobetti 101 Bologna 40129 Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Duce
- BioEconomy institute National Research Council Trav. La Crucca 3, Reg. Baldinca Sassari 07100 Italy
| | - Annalisa Rotondi
- BioEconomy institute National Research Council Via Gobetti 101 Bologna 40129 Italy
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9
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Di Lecce G, Piochi M, Pacetti D, Frega NG, Bartolucci E, Scortichini S, Fiorini D. Eleven Monovarietal Extra Virgin Olive Oils from Olives Grown and Processed under the Same Conditions: Effect of the Cultivar on the Chemical Composition and Sensory Traits. Foods 2020; 9:foods9070904. [PMID: 32660116 PMCID: PMC7404457 DOI: 10.3390/foods9070904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Eleven Italian monovarietal extra virgin olive oils (MEVOOs) (Carboncella, Coratina, Frantoio, Leccino, Marzio, Maurino, Moraiolo, Piantone di Falerone, Pendolino, Rosciola, Sargano di Fermo) from olives grown in the same experimental olive orchard, under the same conditions (fertilization, irrigation), and processed with the same technology (three-way continuous plant) were investigated. As a result, the impact of the olive cultivar on fatty acid and triacylglycerols composition, oxidative stability, polar phenolic profile and sensory properties (panel test) of the oil was assessed. Pendolino, Maurino and Marzio oils presented the highest levels (p < 0.01) of palmitic, linoleic and linolenic acids % and the lowest oleic:linoleic ratio. Within triacylglycerols, triolein (OOO) strongly varied among the oils, with Coratina and Leccino having the highest content. Frantoio showed the lowest 1-Stearoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-oleylglycerol and 1,3-Distearoyl-2-oleylglycerol amounts. Rosciola showed the highest level (p < 0.01) for two of the most abundant secoiridoid derivatives (the dialdehydic forms of decarboxymethyl elenolic acid linked to hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol). A good correlation was found between total phenolic content and oxidative stability, indicating Marzio and Leccino respectively as the richest and poorest genotypes. Sensory variability among varieties was mainly linked to perceived bitterness, pungency and fruitiness, while no effects were found on secondary flavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Di Lecce
- Independent Researcher, Expert in Food Science and Technology, 26100 Cremona, Italy;
| | - Maria Piochi
- University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele 9, 12042 Pollenzo, Italy;
| | - Deborah Pacetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, I-60131 Ancona, Italy; (N.G.F.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-07-1220-4307
| | - Natale G. Frega
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, I-60131 Ancona, Italy; (N.G.F.); (E.B.)
| | - Edoardo Bartolucci
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, I-60131 Ancona, Italy; (N.G.F.); (E.B.)
| | - Serena Scortichini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, V.S. Agostino 1, I-62032 Camerino, Italy; (S.S.); (D.F.)
| | - Dennis Fiorini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, V.S. Agostino 1, I-62032 Camerino, Italy; (S.S.); (D.F.)
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10
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Pacetti D, Boarelli MC, Giovannetti R, Ferraro S, Conti P, Alfei B, Caprioli G, Ricciutelli M, Sagratini G, Fedeli D, Gabbianelli R, Fiorini D. Chemical and Sensory Profiling of Monovarietal Extra Virgin Olive Oils from the Italian Marche Region. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040330. [PMID: 32316684 PMCID: PMC7222365 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical and sensory peculiarities of monovarietal extra virgin olive oils (MEVOOs) from the cultivars (cvs.) Ascolana tenera (ASC), Coroncina (COR), Mignola (MIG), Piantone di Mogliano (MOG), and Raggia (RAG) from Marche region (Italy) are investigated. Their polar phenolic substances and α-tocopherol are analysed through high performance liquid chromatography with different detectors. Volatile substances, fatty acid composition, and squalene are analysed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) and to the flame ionization detector, respectively. Total antioxidant activity and sensory analysis were also performed. MOG showed high squalene content (on average 0.88 ± 0.16 g/100 g), high relative amount of α-copaene among volatiles, and the highest oleic acid percentage. MIG had high α-tocopherol content (on average 350.0 ± 57.6 mg kg−1) and high α-farnesene in the volatile fraction. ASC showed the highest sensory quality and the lignan pinoresinol with higher concentration as compared to the other MEVOOs (p < 0.05), which resulted in a possible chemical marker for this cv. RAG was characterized by the sensory note of almond, which corresponds to its highest (E)-2-hexenal percentage. Sensory analysis and an antioxidant activity assay performed on a set of industrial extra virgin olive oils purchased in supermarkets, highlighted MEVOOs’ superiority from these points of view. Principal component analysis displays the main characteristics of the cvs. investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Pacetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, I-60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Maria Chiara Boarelli
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, V. S. Agostino 1, I-62032 Camerino (Macerata), Italy; (M.C.B.); (R.G.); (S.F.); (P.C.)
| | - Rita Giovannetti
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, V. S. Agostino 1, I-62032 Camerino (Macerata), Italy; (M.C.B.); (R.G.); (S.F.); (P.C.)
| | - Stefano Ferraro
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, V. S. Agostino 1, I-62032 Camerino (Macerata), Italy; (M.C.B.); (R.G.); (S.F.); (P.C.)
| | - Paolo Conti
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, V. S. Agostino 1, I-62032 Camerino (Macerata), Italy; (M.C.B.); (R.G.); (S.F.); (P.C.)
| | - Barbara Alfei
- Agri-food Service Agency of Marche Region (ASSAM), Via dell’Industria 1, I-60027 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Caprioli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, V. S. Agostino 1, I-62032 Camerino (Macerata), Italy; (G.C.); (G.S.); (D.F.); (R.G.)
| | - Massimo Ricciutelli
- HPLC-MS Laboratory, University of Camerino, V. S. Agostino 1, I-62032 Camerino (Macerata), Italy;
| | - Gianni Sagratini
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, V. S. Agostino 1, I-62032 Camerino (Macerata), Italy; (G.C.); (G.S.); (D.F.); (R.G.)
| | - Donatella Fedeli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, V. S. Agostino 1, I-62032 Camerino (Macerata), Italy; (G.C.); (G.S.); (D.F.); (R.G.)
| | - Rosita Gabbianelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, V. S. Agostino 1, I-62032 Camerino (Macerata), Italy; (G.C.); (G.S.); (D.F.); (R.G.)
| | - Dennis Fiorini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, V. S. Agostino 1, I-62032 Camerino (Macerata), Italy; (M.C.B.); (R.G.); (S.F.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0737-402254
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11
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Miazzi MM, di Rienzo V, Mascio I, Montemurro C, Sion S, Sabetta W, Vivaldi GA, Camposeo S, Caponio F, Squeo G, Difonzo G, Loconsole G, Bottalico G, Venerito P, Montilon V, Saponari A, Altamura G, Mita G, Petrontino A, Fucilli V, Bozzo F. Re.Ger.O.P.: An Integrated Project for the Recovery of Ancient and Rare Olive Germplasm. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:73. [PMID: 32153605 PMCID: PMC7044272 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The olive tree is one of the most important economic, cultural, and environmental resources for Italy, in particular for the Apulian region, where it shows a wide diversity. The increasing attention to the continuous loss of plant genetic diversity due to social, economic and climatic changes, has favored a renewed interest in strategies aimed at the recovery and conservation of these genetic resources. In the frame of a project for the valorization of the olive Apulian biodiversity (Re.Ger.O.P. project), 177 minor genotypes were recovered in different territories of the region. They were submitted to morphological, molecular, technological and phytosanitary status analysis in comparison with reference cultivars, then they were propagated and transferred in an ex situ field. All the available information was stored in an internal regional database including photographic documentation and geographic position. The work allowed obtaining information about the genetic diversity of Apulian germplasm, to clarify cases of homonymy and synonymy, to check the sanitary status, and to identify candidate genotypes useful both to set up breeding programs and to enrich the panel of olive cultivars available to farmers for commercial exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabella Mascio
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- SINAGRI S.r.l.—Spin Off of the University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Cinzia Montemurro
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- SINAGRI S.r.l.—Spin Off of the University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Sara Sion
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Wilma Sabetta
- SINAGRI S.r.l.—Spin Off of the University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Unit of Bari CNR Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Camposeo
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Caponio
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giacomo Squeo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Graziana Difonzo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Guiliana Loconsole
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- SINAGRI S.r.l.—Spin Off of the University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Bottalico
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- SINAGRI S.r.l.—Spin Off of the University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Venerito
- CRSFA-Centro Ricerca, Sperimentazione e Formazione in Agricoltura, “Basile Caramia” Locorotondo, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Montilon
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Saponari
- CRSFA-Centro Ricerca, Sperimentazione e Formazione in Agricoltura, “Basile Caramia” Locorotondo, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Altamura
- CRSFA-Centro Ricerca, Sperimentazione e Formazione in Agricoltura, “Basile Caramia” Locorotondo, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mita
- Unit of Lecce, CNR Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Fucilli
- SINAGRI S.r.l.—Spin Off of the University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Bozzo
- SINAGRI S.r.l.—Spin Off of the University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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12
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Effect of Maturity and Environmental Conditions on Chemical Composition of Olive Oils of Introduced Cultivars in Morocco. J FOOD QUALITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/1854539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aims at evidencing the quality and chemical composition of extra virgin olive oils according to stages of maturity and in relation to the geographical location of olives. Three different olive cultivars (Moroccan Picholine, Languedoc Picholine, and Frantoio), grown in two different locations in Morocco (Errachidia and Marrakech), were studied during the two crop years (2016 and 2017) at three stages of maturity (green, purple, and black). This work has been carried out by analyzing several parameters, such as the quality characteristics (acidity and peroxide value), the chemical composition (total phenol content and fatty acid composition) of the oils, and also the fruit characteristics of the olives (maturity index, fruit water content, and oil content). The results obtained in this study indicate that as maturity advanced, there was a slight rise in oil content and acidity, while there was a decrease in fruit water content and peroxide value in both locations during the two crop years. The fatty acid composition of extra virgin olive oil showed a significant increase of linoleic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and a decrease of oleic acid, palmitic acid, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and MUFA/PUFA ratio as the maturation process progressed. A significant gradual decrease was noted in total phenol content and bitterness intensity from the green stage to the black. Moreover, olive oil composition differed clearly between the two sites. Therefore, the olive cultivar, harvesting date, and geographic location influence the olive oil characteristics.
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13
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Bruno L, Picardi E, Pacenza M, Chiappetta A, Muto A, Gagliardi O, Muzzalupo I, Pesole G, Bitonti MB. Changes in gene expression and metabolic profile of drupes of Olea europaea L. cv Carolea in relation to maturation stage and cultivation area. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:428. [PMID: 31619170 PMCID: PMC6796363 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1969-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olive (Olea europaea L.) is an emblematic oil tree crop in the Mediterranean basin. Currently, despite olive features as a moderately thermophilic species, its cultivation is worldwide spreading due to the health-related impact of olive products on human nutrition. A point of concern for the expanding olive cultivation is related to the influence that, in addition to genotype, environmental factors exerts on drupe development and metabolism with consequent impact on fruit key traits. In this context, the aim of the present work was to gain further information on the genetic networks controlling drupe maturation phase and, mainly, on their modulation in response to environmental cues. RESULTS To achieve this goal, a comparative transcriptome-wide investigation was carried out on drupes of Olea europaea cultivar Carolea, collected from plants growing in areas at different altitude level and therefore experiencing different climatic conditions. Two maturation stages of drupe were analysed: green mature and turning-purple. Metabolic characterization of drupe was also performed. At both transcriptomic and metabolic level differences were detected in the pathway of fatty acids (FAs) and phenol compounds, in relation to both drupe maturation stage and cultivation area. Among the most relevant differences detected during the transition from GM to TP stages there were: the upregulation of FADs genes in the drupes of population growing at 700 masl, the upregulation of phenol biosynthesis-related genes in drupes growing at 10 and 200 masl and very interestingly the downregulation of specific genes involved in secoiridoids production in drupes growing at 700 masl. Globally, these results suggested that stability of FAs and phenols, mainly of secoiridoids group, is promoted at high altitude, while at lower altitude phenol biosynthesis is prolonged. CONCLUSION The obtained results showed a differential modulation of genetic pathways related to olive compound quality in relation to the cultivation area, likely imposed by the different temperature impending at each altitude. The derived molecular information appears of interest for both breeding and biotechnological programs of olive species, especially with respect to the modulation of antioxidant secoiridoid compounds which play a key role in conferring both sensorial and healthy characteristic to olive products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Bruno
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Ernesto Picardi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari A. Moro, Bari, Italy
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Marianna Pacenza
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Adriana Chiappetta
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Antonella Muto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Olimpia Gagliardi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Innocenzo Muzzalupo
- Centro di Ricerca per l’Olivicoltura-Frutticoltura-Agrumicoltura (OFA) Consiglio per la Ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’Economia Agraria (CREA) C.da Li Rocchi-Vermicelli, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Graziano Pesole
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari A. Moro, Bari, Italy
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Bitonti
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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14
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De Santis S, Cariello M, Piccinin E, Sabbà C, Moschetta A. Extra Virgin Olive Oil: Lesson from Nutrigenomics. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092085. [PMID: 31487787 PMCID: PMC6770023 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) consumption has a beneficial effect on human health, especially for prevention of cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. Here we underscore the peculiar importance of specific cultivars used for EVOO production since biodiversity among cultivars in terms of fatty acids and polyphenols content could differently impact on the metabolic homeostasis. In this respect, the nutrigenomic approach could be very useful to fully dissect the pathways modulated by different EVOO cultivars in terms of mRNA and microRNA transcriptome. The identification of genes and miRNAs modulated by specific EVOO cultivars could also help to discover novel nutritional biomarkers for prevention and/or prognosis of human disease. Thus, the nutrigenomic approach depicts a novel scenario to investigate if a specific EVOO cultivar could have a positive effect on human health by preventing the onset of cardiovascular disease and/or chronic inflammatory disorders also leading to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania De Santis
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
- INBB, National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, 00136 Rome, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Marica Cariello
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Elena Piccinin
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Sabbà
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy.
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15
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Electrochemical Sensor-Based Devices for Assessing Bioactive Compounds in Olive Oils: A Brief Review. ELECTRONICS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics7120387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical bioinspired sensor devices combined with chemometric tools have experienced great advances in the last years, being extensively used for food qualitative and quantitative evaluation, namely for olive oil analysis. Olive oil plays a key role in the Mediterranean diet, possessing unique and recognized nutritional and health properties as well as highly appreciated organoleptic characteristics. These positive attributes are mainly due to olive oil richness in bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds. In addition, these compounds enhance their overall sensory quality, being mainly responsible for the usual olive oil pungency and bitterness. This review aims to compile and discuss the main research advances reported in the literature regarding the use of electrochemical sensor based-devices for assessing bioactive compounds in olive oil. The main advantages and limitations of these fast, accurate, bioinspired voltammetric, potentiometric and/or amperometric sensor green-approaches will be addressed, aiming to establish the future challenges for becoming a practical quality analytical tool for industrial and commercial applications.
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16
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Makhlouf FZ, Squeo G, Barkat M, Trani A, Caponio F. Antioxidant activity, tocopherols and polyphenols of acornoil obtained from Quercus species grown in Algeria. Food Res Int 2018; 114:208-213. [PMID: 30361018 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Among the unusual vegetable fats, acorn oil has interesting nutritional and functional properties. Few studies are present in literature on acorn oil characterization and antioxidant activity evaluation while no studies are present regarding the analysis of the phenolic profile. The present study aims at investigating the content of hydrophilic and lipophilic phenolic compounds and pigments, as well as antioxidant properties and quality of the oil extracted from three Quercus species grown in Algeria. Oil yield, expressed as dry weight, was in the range 7.05-8.40%. Tocopherols contents were remarkable for the three species (539-676 mg kg-1), with (β + γ)-tocopherols being the most abundant. Oils had also significant amounts of carotenoids (42-66 mg kg-1) and similar polyphenol patterns, but with a wide quantitative variability between species (195-436 mg kg-1). Twenty phenolic compounds were detected, 12 of which were tentatively identified. All of them were hydrolysable tannins derivatives (gallotannin or ellagitannin). Oils methanolic extracts had remarkable antioxidant activity; up to 3.34 and 3.79 μmol TE g-1 oil (DPPH and ABTS test, respectively). Quercus oil is a potential source of natural antioxidants, and it could be used as a new functional oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Z Makhlouf
- Laboratoire Bioqual, INATAA, Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Route de Ain El-Bey, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Giacomo Squeo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, Food Science and Technology Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola, 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Malika Barkat
- Laboratoire Bioqual, INATAA, Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Route de Ain El-Bey, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Antonio Trani
- CIHEAM, International Center for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies of Bari, Laboratory of Environmental and Agricultural Chemistry, Via Ceglie, 9, 70010, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Caponio
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, Food Science and Technology Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola, 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy.
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17
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Morrone L, Neri L, Cantini C, Alfei B, Rotondi A. Study of the combined effects of ripeness and production area on Bosana oil’s quality. Food Chem 2018; 245:1098-1104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Gouvinhas I, Machado N, Sobreira C, Domínguez-Perles R, Gomes S, Rosa E, Barros AIRNA. Critical Review on the Significance of Olive Phytochemicals in Plant Physiology and Human Health. Molecules 2017; 22:E1986. [PMID: 29144445 PMCID: PMC6150410 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive oil displays remarkable organoleptic and nutritional features, which turn it into a foodstuff appreciated by consumers, and a basic component of the Mediterranean diet. Indeed, the noticed benefits of including olive oil in the diet have been assigned to the presence of diverse bioactive compounds with different molecular structures. These compounds confer a wide range of biological properties to this food matrix, including the prevention of distinct human diseases as well as the modulation of their severity. The most relevant bioactive compounds present in olive oil correspond to benzoic and cinnamic acids, phenolic alcohols and secoiridoids, and also flavonoids. Over the last decades, several studies, devoted to gaining a further insight into the relative contribution of the separate groups and individual compounds for their biological activities, have been conducted, providing relevant information on structure-activity relationships. Therefore, this paper critically reviews the health benefits evidenced by distinct phenolic compounds found in olive oils, thus contributing to clarify the relationship between their chemical structures and biological functions, further supporting their interest as essential ingredients of wholesome foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Gouvinhas
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Nelson Machado
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Carla Sobreira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Raúl Domínguez-Perles
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Sónia Gomes
- University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
- BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Eduardo Rosa
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Ana I R N A Barros
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
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19
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Rotondi A, Lapucci C, Morrone L, Neri L. Autochthonous cultivars of Emilia Romagna region and their clones: Comparison of the chemical and sensory properties of olive oils. Food Chem 2016; 224:78-85. [PMID: 28159296 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The olive species (Olea europaea L.) is characterized by significant phenotypic and genetic variability the genetic matrix has a strong influence on several important extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) chemical components. Four clones from cultivars autochthonous of the Emilia Romagna region were selected for their notable performance in terms of agronomical characteristics, and the quality of the olive oil produced was studied in detail. In particular, we analyzed the fatty acid composition, the phenolic profile and the sensory analysis of the oils from these clones and compared them with the oils from the respective cultivars. Most of the new clones, all already provided with a genetic and sanitary certification, exhibited overall higher qualitative standards than the cultivars, producing monovarietal oils interesting both nutritionally and from a sensory point of view, and furthermore with a beneficial effect on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Rotondi
- CNR - Institute of Biometeorology, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Chiara Lapucci
- CNR - Laboratory of Monitoring and Environmental Modelling for the Sustainable Development, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy.
| | - Lucia Morrone
- CNR - Institute of Biometeorology, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Luisa Neri
- CNR - Institute of Biometeorology, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
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20
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The Chemical Properties and Volatile Compounds of Virgin Olive Oil from Oueslati Variety: Influence of Maturity Stages in Olives. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-016-2863-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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21
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Talhaoui N, Gómez-Caravaca AM, León L, De la Rosa R, Fernández-Gutiérrez A, Segura-Carretero A. From Olive Fruits to Olive Oil: Phenolic Compound Transfer in Six Different Olive Cultivars Grown under the Same Agronomical Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:337. [PMID: 26959010 PMCID: PMC4813199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are responsible of the nutritional and sensory quality of extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO). The composition of phenolic compounds in EVOO is related to the initial content of phenolic compounds in the olive-fruit tissues and the activity of enzymes acting on these compounds during the industrial process to produce the oil. In this work, the phenolic composition was studied in six major cultivars grown in the same orchard under the same agronomical and environmental conditions in an effort to test the effects of cultivars on phenolic composition in fruits and oils as well as on transfer between matrices. The phenolic fractions were identified and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. A total of 33 phenolic compounds were determined in the fruit samples and a total of 20 compounds in their corresponding oils. Qualitative and quantitative differences in phenolic composition were found among cultivars in both matrices, as well as regarding the transfer rate of phenolic compounds from fruits to oil. The results also varied according to the different phenolic groups evaluated, with secoiridoids registering the highest transfer rates from fruits to oils. Moreover, wide-ranging differences have been noticed between cultivars for the transfer rates of secoiridoids (4.36%–65.63% of total transfer rate) and for flavonoids (0.18%–0.67% of total transfer rate). ‘Picual’ was the cultivar that transferred secoiridoids to oil at the highest rate, whereas ‘Changlot Real’ was the cultivar that transferred flavonoids at the highest rates instead. Principal-component analysis confirmed a strong genetic effect on the basis of the phenolic profile both in the olive fruits and in the oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassima Talhaoui
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Edificio Bioregión, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Ana María Gómez-Caravaca
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Edificio Bioregión, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Lorenzo León
- IFAPA Center of "Alameda del Obispo", Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, E-14004 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Raúl De la Rosa
- IFAPA Center of "Alameda del Obispo", Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, E-14004 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Alberto Fernández-Gutiérrez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Edificio Bioregión, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Edificio Bioregión, 18016 Granada, Spain.
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Vitaglione P, Savarese M, Paduano A, Scalfi L, Fogliano V, Sacchi R. Healthy virgin olive oil: a matter of bitterness. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 55:1808-18. [PMID: 24915318 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.708685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Virgin olive oil (VOO) is the pillar fat of Mediterranean diet. It is made from olive fruits and obtained by squeezing olives without any solvent extraction. Respect to the seed oils, an unique polar polyphenol-rich fraction gives VOO a bitter and pungent taste. The recent substantiation by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) of a health claim for VOO polyphenols may represent an efficient stimulus to get the maximum health benefit from one of the most valuable traditional product of Mediterranean countries educating consumers to the relationship between the VOO bitterness and its health effect. Agronomical practices and new processing technology to avoid phenolic oxidation and hydrolysis and to enhance the aromatic components of the VOO have been developed and they can be used to modulate taste and flavor to diversify the products on the market. VOOs having high concentration of phenol compounds are bitter and pungent therefore many people do not consume them, thus loosing the health benefits related to their intake. In this paper, the chemist's and nutritionist's point of view has been considered to address possible strategies to overcome the existing gap between the quality perceived by consumer and that established by expert tasters. Educational campaigns emphasizing the bitter-health link for olive oils should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Vitaglione
- a Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Federico II University of Naples , Portici , NA , Italy
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23
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Essid F, Sifi S, Beltrán G, Sánchez S, Raïes A. Sensory and Volatile Profiles of Monovarietal North Tunisian Extra Virgin Olive Oils from ‘Chétoui’ Cultivar. J Oleo Sci 2016; 65:533-42. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess15297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Faten Essid
- Laboratory of Tunisian Board of Olive Oil (ONH)
- Research Group “Bioprocesses (TEP-138, ‘Junta de Andalucía’) Department of Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Jaén University
- Laboratory of Micro-organisms and Active Bio-molecules (LR03ES03) Department of Biology, Faculty of Science of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University
| | - Samira Sifi
- Laboratory of Tunisian Board of Olive Oil (ONH)
| | | | - Sebastián Sánchez
- Research Group “Bioprocesses (TEP-138, ‘Junta de Andalucía’) Department of Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Jaén University
| | - Aly Raïes
- Laboratory of Micro-organisms and Active Bio-molecules (LR03ES03) Department of Biology, Faculty of Science of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University
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24
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de la Rosa R, Arias-Calderón R, Velasco L, León L. Early selection for oil quality components in olive breeding progenies. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201500425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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25
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Sena‐Moreno E, Alvarez‐Ortí M, Zied DC, Pardo‐Giménez A, Pardo JE. Olive oils from Campos de Hellin (Spain) exhibit significant varietal differences in fatty acid composition, sterol fraction, and oxidative stability. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Estela Sena‐Moreno
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y de Montes (ETSIAM)Campus UniversitarioAlbaceteSpain
| | - Manuel Alvarez‐Ortí
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y de Montes (ETSIAM)Campus UniversitarioAlbaceteSpain
| | - Diego C. Zied
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Câmpus Experimental de DracenaRod. Cmte João Ribeiro de BarrosDracenaSPBrazil
| | - Arturo Pardo‐Giménez
- Centro de Investigación, Experimentación y Servicios del ChampiñónQuintanar del ReyCuencaSpain
| | - Jose E. Pardo
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y de Montes (ETSIAM)Campus UniversitarioAlbaceteSpain
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26
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Condelli N, Caruso MC, Galgano F, Russo D, Milella L, Favati F. Prediction of the antioxidant activity of extra virgin olive oils produced in the Mediterranean area. Food Chem 2015; 177:233-9. [PMID: 25660881 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A chemical characterisation was conducted on 75 commercial extra virgin olive oils (EVOO) produced in the years 2011-2012 in Southern Italy from five different olive monovarieties (Coratina, Leccino, Maiatica, Ogliarola del Vulture and Ogliarola del Bradano). The possibility of estimating the antioxidant activity of EVOO by using a chemical index as predictor of this property was considered. In order to build up and validate an antioxidant activity predictive model, the relationship between the antioxidant activity and the chosen chemical parameters was systematically investigated. The results indicated that oil antioxidant activity, measured as IC50, could be satisfactorily predicted, for olive oils from the considered region, by using a simple index, such as the K225 value of oil samples, which represents a spectrophotometric index of the compounds responsible for oil bitterness measured at 225 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Condelli
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Marisa Carmela Caruso
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Fernanda Galgano
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
| | - Daniela Russo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Luigi Milella
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Fabio Favati
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
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27
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Valli E, Bendini A, Popp M, Bongartz A. Sensory analysis and consumer acceptance of 140 high-quality extra virgin olive oils. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:2124-2132. [PMID: 24338244 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensory analysis is a crucial tool for evaluating the quality of extra virgin olive oils. One aim of such an investigation is to verify if the sensory attributes themselves - which are strictly related to volatile and phenolic compounds - may permit the discrimination of high-quality products obtained by olives of different cultivars and/or grown in various regions. Moreover, a crucial topic is to investigate the interdependency between relevant parameters determining consumer acceptance and objective sensory characteristics evaluated by the panel test. RESULTS By statistically analysing the sensory results, a grouping - but not discriminatory - effect was shown for some cultivars and some producing areas. The preference map shows that the most appreciated samples by consumers were situated in the direction of the 'ripe fruity' and 'sweet' axis and opposite to the 'bitter' and 'other attributes' (pungent, green fruity, freshly cut grass, green tomato, harmony, persistency) axis. CONCLUSION Extra virgin olive oils produced from olives of the same cultivars and grown in the same areas shared similar sensorial attributes. Some differences in terms of expectation and interpretation of sensory characteristics of extra virgin olive oils might be present for consumers and panellists: most of the consumers appear unfamiliar with positive sensorial attributes, such as bitterness and pungency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Valli
- Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Agri-food, Cesena, Italy
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28
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Alessandri S, Ieri F, Romani A. Minor polar compounds in extra virgin olive oil: correlation between HPLC-DAD-MS and the Folin-Ciocalteu spectrophotometric method. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:826-835. [PMID: 24405086 DOI: 10.1021/jf403104a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Minor polar compounds of 88 extra virgin olive oils were analyzed by HPLC-DAD-MS (high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-mass spectrometry) and by the Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) spectrophotometric method, to validate and evaluate, for olive oils, the linear association between FC and HPLC data. The Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between HPLC and FC results. The highest, positive R were related with deacetoxyoleuropein aglycone (R = 0.93) and oleuropein aglycone (R = 0.93) as single compounds and with the sum of orthodiphenols (R = 0.94) and the sum of all compounds (R = 0.95), showing that both estimations of total phenols content are reliably correlated, regardless for the absolute contents and are independent of the relative composition of the phenolic fraction. On the other hand the HPLC quantifications of apigenin and lignans showed no significant correlation with FC. These results, supported also by principal component analysis, may suggest caution about the interpretation of FC results to compare olive oils with very different phenolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Alessandri
- Department of Statistic, Informatics and Applications ″G. Parenti″ (DiSIA), University of Florence , Viale Morgagni, 59 - 50134 Firenze (FI), Italy
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29
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Jiménez B, Sánchez-Ortiz A, Lorenzo ML, Rivas A. Influence of fruit ripening on agronomic parameters, quality indices, sensory attributes and phenolic compounds of Picudo olive oils. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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Rivas A, Sanchez-Ortiz A, Jimenez B, García-Moyano J, Lorenzo ML. Phenolic acid content and sensory properties of two Spanish monovarietal virgin olive oils. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201200371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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31
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Favati F, Condelli N, Galgano F, Caruso MC. Extra virgin olive oil bitterness evaluation by sensory and chemical analyses. Food Chem 2013; 139:949-54. [PMID: 23561195 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.01.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
An experimental investigation was performed on blend extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) from different cultivars and EVOO from different olive monovarieties (Coratina, Leccino, Maiatica, Ogliarola) with the aim to evaluate the possibility of estimating the perceived bitterness intensity by using chemical indices, such as the total phenol content and the compounds responsible for oil bitterness measured spectrophotometrically at 225 nm (K225 value), as bitterness predictors in different EVOO. Therefore, a bitterness predictive model, based on the relationship between the perceived bitterness intensity of the selected stimuli and the chosen chemicals parameters has been built and validated. The results indicated that the oil bitterness intensity could be satisfactorily predicted by using the K225 values of oil samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Favati
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
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32
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Olive oil traceability by means of chemical and sensory analyses: A comparison with SSR biomolecular profiles. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.05.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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