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El-Mezayen NS, Abelrazik YR, Khalifa DM, Dorbouk NM, Moaaz MA, Ali MM, Evy AG, Mohamed EG, Abdelhadi AM, Adly I, Shams NA. Cross-relationship between COVID-19 infection and anti-obesity products efficacy and incidence of side effects: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0309323. [PMID: 39173063 PMCID: PMC11341056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and COVID-19 are at the top of nowadays health concerns with significant crosstalk between each other. The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected healthy lifestyles and increased obesity prevalence. Thus, there was a surge in anti-obesity products (AOPs) intake. Herein, we evaluated how the pandemic has affected slimming products' efficacy and safety in patients seeking weight reduction at an urban, weight management centre in Alexandria, Egypt. In addition, the effect of AOPs on COVID-19 infection severity was also appraised to detect whether AOPs can alter COVID-19 host cell entry and infective mechanisms, and thus, affect infection severity. METHODS Patients were invited to complete an anonymous survey. The survey assessed self-reported changes in weight, the use of AOPs during the COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19 infection severity, AOPs efficacy, and incidence of side effects. Inclusion criteria were obese patients above 18 years old who got infected by COVID-19 while receiving a single-ingredient AOP. RESULTS A total of 462 participants completed our anonymous validated questionnaire. Most of the participants were females (450; 98.4%) with BMI ranging from 24.98-58.46. Eligible participants were only 234 and the top-administered products were orlistat, liraglutide, metformin, green tea, cinnamon, Garcinia cambogia, and Gymnema Sylvestre. In most cases, AOPs intake was beneficial for COVID-19 infection, and most patients experienced mild-to-moderate COVID-19 symptoms. On the other hand, SARS-CoV-2 significantly interferes with AOPs' mechanisms of action which positively or negatively influences their efficacy and side effects incidence due to predictable pharmacological link. CONCLUSION Concurrent AOPs intake with COVID-19 infection is a two-sided weapon; AOPs attenuate COVID-19 infection, while SARS-CoV-2 interferes with efficacy and side effects incidence of AOPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine S. El-Mezayen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Yasser R. Abelrazik
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Phftablearos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Dina M. Khalifa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Phftablearos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nada M. Dorbouk
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Phftablearos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mai A. Moaaz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Phftablearos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Merna M. Ali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Phftablearos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Alaa G. Evy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Phftablearos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed M. Abdelhadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Phftablearos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Irinie Adly
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Phftablearos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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Buccato DG, Ullah H, De Lellis LF, Morone MV, Larsen DS, Di Minno A, Cordara M, Piccinocchi R, Baldi A, Greco A, Santonastaso S, Sacchi R, Daglia M. Efficacy and Tolerability of a Food Supplement Based on Zea mays L., Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.br.ex Sm, Zinc and Chromium for the Maintenance of Normal Carbohydrate Metabolism: A Monocentric, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2024; 16:2459. [PMID: 39125340 PMCID: PMC11314272 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A study on 81 individuals (18-75 years old) with mildly impaired fasting blood glucose (FBG) concentrations (98-125 mg/dL) was undertaken to investigate the tolerability of a food supplement (FS) based on Zea mays and Gymnema sylvestre extracts, zinc, and chromium and its efficacy on glucose and lipid metabolism. The subjects were randomized into three groups (27 in each group) and supplemented with one or two tablet(s)/day of FS (groups 1 and 2, respectively), or two tablets/day of placebo (group 3). Blood sampling was carried out at baseline (t0) and after a 3-month treatment (t1), and biochemical parameters associated with glucose and lipid metabolism and kidney and liver toxicity were evaluated. Compared to the placebo, FBG and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) were significantly (p < 0.001) reduced in group 1 subjects. In contrast, at the doses of one and two tablet(s)/day, the FS exerted no effect on the other parameters examined. We conclude that in subjects with slightly impaired FBG, ingestion of a FS based on Z. mays and G. sylvestre extracts, zinc, and chromium over 3 months lowers FBG and modulates glucose homeostasis by improving glucose metabolism. These beneficial effects occur in the absence of biochemical evidence of kidney and liver toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Giuseppe Buccato
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.G.B.); (H.U.); (L.F.D.L.); (A.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Hammad Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.G.B.); (H.U.); (L.F.D.L.); (A.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Lorenza Francesca De Lellis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.G.B.); (H.U.); (L.F.D.L.); (A.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Maria Vittoria Morone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Danaé S. Larsen
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand;
| | - Alessandro Di Minno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.G.B.); (H.U.); (L.F.D.L.); (A.B.); (M.D.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Marcello Cordara
- School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy;
| | - Roberto Piccinocchi
- Level 1 Medical Director Anaesthesia and Resuscitation A. U. O. Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Santa Maria di Costantinopoli, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Baldi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.G.B.); (H.U.); (L.F.D.L.); (A.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Agostino Greco
- A.S.L. Caserta, Via P. Harris, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (A.G.); (S.S.)
| | | | - Roberto Sacchi
- Applied Statistic Unit, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 24, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.G.B.); (H.U.); (L.F.D.L.); (A.B.); (M.D.)
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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3
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Zhang S, Yang W, Gong W, Lu Y, Yu DG, Liu P. Recent progress of electrospun nanofibers as burning dressings. RSC Adv 2024; 14:14374-14391. [PMID: 38694552 PMCID: PMC11061782 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01514b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Burns are a global public health problem, which brings great challenges to public health and the economy. Severe burns often lead to systemic infection, shock, multiple organ failure, and even death. With the increasing demand for the therapeutic effect of burn wounds, traditional dressings have been unable to meet people's needs due to their single function and many side effects. In this context, electrospinning shows a great prospect on the way to open up advanced wound dressings that promote wound repairing and prevent infection. With its large specific surface area, high porosity, and similar to natural extracellular matrix (ECM), electrospun nanofibers can load drugs and accelerate wound healing. It provides a promising solution for the treatment and management of burn wounds. This review article introduces the concept of burn and the types of electrospun nanofibers, then summarizes the polymers used in electrospun nanofiber dressings. Finally, the drugs (plant extracts, small molecule drugs and nanoparticles) loaded with electrospun burn dressings are summarized. Some promising aspects for developing commercial electrospun burn dressings are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Zhang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Wei Yang
- The Base of Achievement Transformation, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200443 China
| | - Wenjian Gong
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Yuhang Lu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Deng-Guang Yu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Ping Liu
- The Base of Achievement Transformation, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200443 China
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Barkeer S, Pothuraju R, Malakar P, Pimentel TC, Siddiqui JA, Nair SA. Gum acacia dietary fiber: Significance in immunomodulation, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1509-1521. [PMID: 38272848 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Gum arabic/acacia (GA), derived from Acacia trees, is a versatile natural product offering a broad spectrum of applications. Its rich content of soluble dietary fibers, coupled with a low caloric profile, renders GA a valuable dietary component associated with numerous health benefits. Furthermore, its fermentation by gut microbiota yields short-chain fatty acids, renowned for their positive impact on health. Immunomodulation, a crucially regulated mechanism in the body, serves to fend off pathogenic infections by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, prolonged synthesis of these cytokines can lead to chronic inflammation, tissue damage, and potentially contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases and cancer. Hence, there is an urgent need to identify plant-based biomolecules that can effectively reduce inflammation and inhibit inflammation-induced complications or disorders. In this context, edible biomolecules like GA are gaining prominence for their noteworthy immunomodulatory properties. Therefore, in the present review we have explored the role of GA in immunomodulation, inflammation, and inflammation-associated metabolic diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Barkeer
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agriculture, Gangavathi, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, India
| | - Ramesh Pothuraju
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Pushkar Malakar
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Narendrapur, India
| | | | - Jawed A Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | - S Asha Nair
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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5
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Bahari H, Pourreza S, Goudarzi K, Mirmohammadali SN, Asbaghi O, Kolbadi KSH, Naderian M, Hosseini A. The effects of pomegranate consumption on obesity indices in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:641-660. [PMID: 38370057 PMCID: PMC10867489 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence supports the potential application of polyphenols as agents against obesity. Pomegranate is one of the fruits that possess a high content of polyphenols. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) sought to evaluate the effects of pomegranate consumption on obesity indices, including body mass index (BMI), body weight, waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), body fat percentage (BFP), and fat-free mass (FFM) in adults. Relevant RCTs were obtained by searching databases, including PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science, up to May 2023. Heterogeneity tests of the included trials were performed using the I 2 statistic. Random effects models were assessed based on the heterogeneity tests, and pooled data were determined as the weighted mean difference with a 95% confidence interval. Pooled analysis of 28 trials revealed that pomegranate consumption led to a significant reduction in body weight (WMD: -1.97, 95% CI: -2.91, -1.03, p < .05), and a significant decrease in BMI (WMD: -0.48, 95% CI: -0.76, -0.20, p < .05) in comparison with the control group. However, there were no significant effects on WC, FM, FFM, and BFP in comparison with the control group. Pomegranate consumption may yield a beneficial effect on body weight and BMI in adults. However, there were no significant effects on WC, FM, FFM, and BFP, by pomegranate consumption. Also, pomegranate consumption can reduce body weight, BMI, WC, and BFP in obese adults. Long-term trials with different doses of pomegranate are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Bahari
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Student Research CommitteeMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Sanaz Pourreza
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and DieteticsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Kian Goudarzi
- Faculty of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical ScienceTehranIran
| | | | - Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Student Research CommitteeShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Moslem Naderian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of PharmacyShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
- Medicinal Plants Research CenterYasuj University of Medical SciencesYasujIran
| | - Ali Hosseini
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of PharmacyShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
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6
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Goswami K, Badruddeen, Arif M, Akhtar J, Khan MI, Ahmad M. Flavonoids, Isoflavonoids and others Bioactives for Insulin Sensitizations. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e270423216247. [PMID: 37102490 DOI: 10.2174/1573399819666230427095200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic condition that has an impact on a huge part of the world. Both animals and humans have been demonstrated to benefit from natural goods, and organisms (animals, or microbes). In 2021, approximately 537 million adults (20-79 years) are living with diabetes, making it the one of the biggest cause of death worldwide. Various phytoconstituent preserved β- cells activity helps to prevent the formation of diabetes problems. As a result, β-cells mass and function are key pharmaceutical targets. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of flavonoids' effects on pancreatic β-cells. Flavonoids have been demonstrated to improve insulin release in cell lines of isolated pancreatic islets and diabetic animal models. Flavonoids are thought to protect β-cells by inhibiting nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling, activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, inhibiting nitric oxide production, and lowering reactive oxygen species levels. Flavonoids boost β-cells secretory capacity by improving mitochondrial bioenergetic function and increasing insulin secretion pathways. Some of the bioactive phytoconstituents such as S-methyl cysteine sulfoxides stimulate insulin synthesis in the body and increase pancreatic output. The berberine increased insulin secretion in the HIT-T15 and Insulinoma 6 (MIN6) mouse cell line. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate protects against toxicity accrued by cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and hyperglycemia. Quercetin has been proven to boost insulin production by Insulinoma 1 (INS-1) cells and also protect cell apoptosis. Overall flavonoids have beneficial effects on β-cells by prevented their malfunctioning or degradation and improving synthesis or release of insulin from β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushagra Goswami
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, U.P. 226026, India
| | - Badruddeen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, U.P. 226026, India
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, U.P. 226026, India
| | - Juber Akhtar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, U.P. 226026, India
| | - Mohammad Irfan Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, U.P. 226026, India
| | - Mohammad Ahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, U.P. 226026, India
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Gauttam VK, Munjal K, Chopra H, Ahmad A, Rana MK, Kamal MA. A Mechanistic Review on Therapeutic Potential of Medicinal Plants and their Pharmacologically Active Molecules for Targeting Metabolic Syndrome. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:10-30. [PMID: 38155468 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128274446231220113957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) therapy with phytochemicals is an emerging field of study with therapeutic potential. Obesity, insulin resistance, high blood pressure, and abnormal lipid profiles are all components of metabolic syndrome, which is a major public health concern across the world. New research highlights the promise of phytochemicals found in foods, including fruits, vegetables, herbs, and spices, as a sustainable and innovative method of treating this illness. Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and insulin-sensitizing qualities are just a few of the many positive impacts shown by bioactive substances. Collectively, they alleviate the hallmark symptoms of metabolic syndrome by modulating critical metabolic pathways, boosting insulin sensitivity, decreasing oxidative stress, and calming chronic low-grade inflammation. In addition, phytochemicals provide a multimodal strategy by targeting not only adipose tissue but also the liver, skeletal muscle, and vascular endothelium, all of which have a role in the pathogenesis of MetS. Increasing evidence suggests that these natural chemicals may be useful in controlling metabolic syndrome as a complementary treatment to standard medication or lifestyle changes. This review article emphasizes the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals, illuminating their varied modes of action and their ability to alleviate the interconnected causes of metabolic syndrome. Phytochemical-based interventions show promise as a novel and sustainable approach to combating the rising global burden of metabolic syndrome, with the ultimate goal of bettering public health and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar Gauttam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Shiva Institute of Pharmacy, Bilaspur, Hmachal Pradesh, India
| | - Kavita Munjal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Department of Biosciences, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahesh Kumar Rana
- Department of Agriculture, M.M. (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
- Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
- Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
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Nani A, Bertuzzi F, Meneghini E, Mion E, Pintaudi B. Combined Inositols, α-Lactalbumin, Gymnema Sylvestre and Zinc Improve the Lipid Metabolic Profile of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7650. [PMID: 38137721 PMCID: PMC10743679 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by high blood glucose levels and lipid alterations. Besides pharmacological treatment, lifestyle modifications and nutraceuticals can be used to manage glucose and lipid profiles, which is crucial for preventing, or avoiding, serious consequences associated with the condition. This randomized controlled clinical trial on 75 patients with T2DM evaluated the effects of a combination of myo-inositol and d-chiro-inositol (40:1), α-lactalbumin, Gymnema sylvestre, and zinc on glucose and lipid profile. The intention-to-treat analysis displayed no significant differences in glucose parameters between the groups; however, the study group displayed reduced levels of total cholesterol (p = 0.01) and LDL (p = 0.03) after 3 months of supplementation. A subgroup analysis involving patients who did not modify their antidiabetic therapy, after 6 months displayed improved levels of total cholesterol (p = 0.03) and LDL (p = 0.04) in the study group versus placebo, along with a greater body weight reduction (p = 0.03) after 3 months. Furthermore, within the study group, levels of HDL (p = 0.03) and triglycerides (p = 0.04) improved after 3 months. These findings support supplementation with myo-inositol and d-chiro-inositol (40:1), α-lactalbumin, Gymnema sylvestre, and zinc as an adjuvant and safe strategy to manage the lipid profiles of patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Nani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Elena Meneghini
- Department of Diabetology, Niguarda Hospital, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Mion
- Department of Diabetology, Niguarda Hospital, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Basilio Pintaudi
- Department of Diabetology, Niguarda Hospital, 20162 Milan, Italy
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI), 00161 Rome, Italy
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Kashif M, Nasir A, Gulzaman, Rafique MK, Abbas M, ur Rehman A, Riaz M, Rasool G, Mtewa AG. Unlocking the anti-diabetic potential of Gymnema sylvestre, Trigonella foenum-graecum, and their combination thereof: An in-vivo evaluation. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:7664-7672. [PMID: 38107140 PMCID: PMC10724615 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to explore the anti-diabetic effect of aqueous extracts of Gymnema sylvestre, Trigonella foenum-graecum and mixture of both the plants in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. A total of 30 rabbits were grouped into six equal groups as: normal control, diabetic control, diabetic treated with 300 mg/kg body weight (bw) G. sylvestre, diabetic treated with 300 mg/kg bw T. foenum-graecum, diabetic treated with 300 mg/kg bw mixture of both the plants and diabetic treated with 500 mg/kg bw metformin for 4 weeks. Diabetes was induced to all the study group animals except normal control by intravenous administration of alloxan monohydrate (80 mg/kg bw). Blood glucose was measured by glucometer and other biochemical parameters were determined through various kit methods. Serum insulin was measured through ELISA kit method. Results showed that both the plants and metformin significantly (p < .05) decreased the fasting blood glucose. Hypoglycemic activity of aqueous extract of G. sylvestre and metformin was found slightly higher than aqueous extract of T. foenum-graecum and the mixture of both the plants. However, a significant (p < .05) rise in insulin secretion was observed in studied plants extract treated rabbits. Serum urea, creatinine, and liver enzymes were found reduced significantly (p < .05) in treated rabbits whereas packed cell volume was also returned to normal in treated animals as compared to control group. The study concluded that G. sylvestre and T. foenum-graecum extracts have comparable effects with metformin in normalizing the blood glucose level and have more pronounced effect than metformin in restoring the serum biochemical parameters to normal levels. Hence, these plants may be the good alternative medicine in managing the diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kashif
- Department of Clinical Sciences (Section Clinical Medicine), College of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore (Jhang Campus)JhangPakistan
| | - Amar Nasir
- Department of Clinical Sciences (Section Clinical Medicine), College of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore (Jhang Campus)JhangPakistan
| | - Gulzaman
- Department of Clinical Sciences (Section Clinical Medicine), College of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore (Jhang Campus)JhangPakistan
| | - Muhammad Kamran Rafique
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore (Jhang Campus)JhangPakistan
| | - Mazhar Abbas
- Department of Basic Sciences (Section Biochemistry), College of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore (Jhang Campus)JhangPakistan
| | - Aziz ur Rehman
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore (Jhang Campus)JhangPakistan
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Allied Health SciencesUniversity of SargodhaSargodhaPakistan
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Allied Health SciencesUniversity of SargodhaSargodhaPakistan
| | - Andrew G. Mtewa
- Chemistry Section, Malawi Institute of TechnologyMalawi University of Science and TechnologyLimbeMalawi
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10
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Pati B, Sendh S, Sahu B, Pani S, Jena N, Bal NC. Recent advancements in pharmacological strategies to modulate energy balance for combating obesity. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1429-1445. [PMID: 37593583 PMCID: PMC10429841 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00107e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity along with its related metabolic diseases has increased globally in recent decades. Obesity originates from a heterogeneous physiological state, which is further complicated by the influence of factors such as genetic, behavioural, and environmental. Lifestyle interventions including exercise and diet have limited success, necessitating the development of pharmacological approaches. Mechanistically, strategies target either reducing energy intake or increasing consumption through metabolism boosting. Current drugs lower energy intake via inducing satiety or inhibiting substrate absorption, while targeting mitochondria or cytosolic energy sensors has shown limited success due to toxicity. Nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) has provided hope for activating these processes selectively without significant side effects. The internet-based marketing of plant-based formulations for enhancing metabolism has surged. This review compiles scientific articles, magazines, newspapers, and online resources on anti-obesity drug development. Combination therapy of metabolic boosters and established anti-obesity compounds appears to be a promising future approach that requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benudhara Pati
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University Bhubaneswar Odisha 751024 India
| | - Satyabrata Sendh
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University Bhubaneswar Odisha 751024 India
| | - Bijayashree Sahu
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University Bhubaneswar Odisha 751024 India
| | - Sunil Pani
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University Bhubaneswar Odisha 751024 India
| | - Nivedita Jena
- Institute of Life Science, DBT ILS Bioincubator Bhubaneswar Odisha 751021-India
| | - Naresh Chandra Bal
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University Bhubaneswar Odisha 751024 India
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11
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Basciani S, Nordio M, Dinicola S, Unfer V, Gnessi L. Diet Plus Inositols, α-Lactalbumin and Gymnema sylvestre: The Successful Combo to Restore Body Weight and Metabolic Profile in Obese and Dysmetabolic Patients. Nutrients 2023; 15:3142. [PMID: 37513560 PMCID: PMC10385591 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary control of dysmetabolic patients is extremely challenging worldwide, with inadequate dietary habits and sporadic physical activity among the key risk factors for metabolic syndrome onset. Nowadays, there is no exclusive treatment for this condition, and considering that preventive measures usually fail, new therapeutic approaches need to be proposed and investigated. This present pilot study compared the effects of diet alone and in association with a combination of myo-inositol and d-chiro-inositol in their 40:1 ratio, α-lactalbumin, and Gymnema sylvestre on different metabolic parameters in obese dysmetabolic patients. To this purpose, 37 patients with BMI between 30 and 40 and fasting blood glucose between 100 and 125 mg/dL were divided into two groups: (i) the control group followed a hypocaloric Mediterranean diet, (ii) while the study group was also supplemented with a daily dosage of two sachets, each one containing 1950 mg myo-inositol, 50 mg d-chiro-inositol, 50 mg α-lactalbumin, and 250 mg Gymnema Sylvestre. After a 6-month treatment, all parameters improved in both groups. Nevertheless, the treated group experienced a greater improvement, especially concerning the variation from the baseline of HOMA index, triglycerides, BMI, body weight, and waist circumference. These findings support the supplementation with myo-inositol and d-chiro-inositol in the 40:1 ratio, α-lactalbumin, and Gymnema sylvestre as a therapeutical strategy to potentiate the beneficial effects induced via dietary programs in dysmetabolic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Basciani
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Nordio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI), 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Dinicola
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI), 00161 Rome, Italy
- R&D Department, Lo.Li. Pharma, 00156 Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Unfer
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI), 00161 Rome, Italy
- UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucio Gnessi
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
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12
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Hyder A. Naturally-occurring carboxylic acids from traditional antidiabetic plants as potential pancreatic islet FABP3 inhibitors. A molecular docking-aided study. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 372:110368. [PMID: 36709838 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The antidiabetic action of traditional plants is mostly attributed to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These plants are still having some secrets, making them an attractive source that allows for investigating new drugs or uncovering precise pharmacologic antidiabetic functions of their constituents. In diabetes, which is a lipid disease, long-term exposure of pancreatic islet beta cells to fatty acids (FAs) increases basal insulin release, reduces glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, causes islet beta cell inflammation, failure and apoptosis. Pancreatic islet beta cells express fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3) that receives long-chain FAs and traffics them throughout different cellular compartments to be metabolized and render their effects. Inhibition of this FABP3 may retard FA metabolism and protect islet beta cells. Since FAs interact with FABPs by their carboxylic group, some traditionally-known antidiabetic plants were reviewed in the present study, searching for their components that have common features of FABP ligands, namely carboxylic group and hydrophobic tail. Many of these carboxylic acids were computationally introduced into the ligand-binding pocket of FABP3 and some of them exhibited FABP3 ligand possibilities. Among others, the naturally occurring ferulic, cleomaldeic, caffeic, sinapic, hydroxycinnamic, 4-p-coumaroylquinic, quinoline-2-carboxylic, chlorogenic, 6-hydroxykynurenic, and rosmarinic acids in many plants are promising candidates for being FABP3-specific inhibitors. The study shed light on repurposing these phyto-carboxylic acids to function as FABP inhibitors. However, more in-depth biological and pharmacological studies to broaden the understanding of this function are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Hyder
- Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta 34517, Egypt.
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13
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Pham HTT, Park EJ, Ryu B, Lee HJ, Doan TP, Cho HM, Pham TLG, Oh WK. Insulin-mimetic activity of 23-glycosyl oleanane triterpenoids isolated from Gymnema latifolium. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 205:113513. [PMID: 36375631 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the plant Gymnema latifolium led to the isolation of seven undescribed 23-glycosyl oleanane triterpenoids, gymlatinosides GLF1-GLF7, and two known compounds, gymnemosides D and E. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated using diverse spectroscopic methods. The extract of G. latifolium and all isolated compounds significantly enhanced 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxyglucose (2-NBDG) uptake into 3T3-L1 adipocytes at 20 μM. Among them, gymlatinosides GLF2 and gymlatinosides GLF4 showed particularly potent stimulatory effects on glucose uptake in a dose-dependent manner. Further investigation revealed that gymlatinosides GLF2 at 20 μM upregulated the expression of phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK). The results suggested that gymlatinosides GLF2 may enhance glucose uptake via regulating the AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Thanh-Tung Pham
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Pharmacy, PHENIKAA University, Hanoi, 12116, Viet Nam
| | - Eun-Jin Park
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeol Ryu
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Ju Lee
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi-Phuong Doan
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Moon Cho
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Won-Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Vyletelová V, Nováková M, Pašková Ľ. Alterations of HDL's to piHDL's Proteome in Patients with Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, and HDL-Targeted Therapies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1278. [PMID: 36297390 PMCID: PMC9611871 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, steatohepatitis, periodontitis, chronic kidney disease, and others are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which persists even after accounting for traditional cardiac risk factors. The common factor linking these diseases to accelerated atherosclerosis is chronic systemic low-grade inflammation triggering changes in lipoprotein structure and metabolism. HDL, an independent marker of cardiovascular risk, is a lipoprotein particle with numerous important anti-atherogenic properties. Besides the essential role in reverse cholesterol transport, HDL possesses antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antithrombotic properties. Inflammation and inflammation-associated pathologies can cause modifications in HDL's proteome and lipidome, transforming HDL from atheroprotective into a pro-atherosclerotic lipoprotein. Therefore, a simple increase in HDL concentration in patients with inflammatory diseases has not led to the desired anti-atherogenic outcome. In this review, the functions of individual protein components of HDL, rendering them either anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory are described in detail. Alterations of HDL proteome (such as replacing atheroprotective proteins by pro-inflammatory proteins, or posttranslational modifications) in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases and their impact on cardiovascular health are discussed. Finally, molecular, and clinical aspects of HDL-targeted therapies, including those used in therapeutical practice, drugs in clinical trials, and experimental drugs are comprehensively summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ľudmila Pašková
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia
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15
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Derosa G, D'Angelo A, Maffioli P. The role of selected nutraceuticals in management of prediabetes and diabetes: An updated review of the literature. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3709-3765. [PMID: 35912631 PMCID: PMC9804244 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Dysglycemia is a disease state preceding the onset of diabetes and includes impaired fasting glycemia and impaired glucose tolerance. This review aimed to collect and analyze the literature reporting the results of clinical trials evaluating the effects of selected nutraceuticals on glycemia in humans. The results of the analyzed trials, generally, showed the positive effects of the nutraceuticals studied alone or in association with other supplements on fasting plasma glucose and post-prandial plasma glucose as primary outcomes, and their efficacy in improving insulin resistance as a secondary outcome. Some evidences, obtained from clinical trials, suggest a role for some nutraceuticals, and in particular Berberis, Banaba, Curcumin, and Guar gum, in the management of prediabetes and diabetes. However, contradictory results were found on the hypoglycemic effects of Morus, Ilex paraguariensis, Omega-3, Allium cepa, and Trigonella faenum graecum, whereby rigorous long-term clinical trials are needed to confirm these data. More studies are also needed for Eugenia jambolana, as well as for Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus which glucose-lowering effects were observed when administered in combination, but not alone. Further trials are also needed for quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Derosa
- Department of Internal Medicine and TherapeuticsUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly,Centre of Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases, and DyslipidemiasUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly,Regional Centre for Prevention, Surveillance, Diagnosis and Treatment of Dyslipidemias and AtherosclerosisFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly,Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut)BolognaItaly,Laboratory of Molecular MedicineUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Angela D'Angelo
- Department of Internal Medicine and TherapeuticsUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly,Laboratory of Molecular MedicineUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Pamela Maffioli
- Centre of Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases, and DyslipidemiasUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly,Regional Centre for Prevention, Surveillance, Diagnosis and Treatment of Dyslipidemias and AtherosclerosisFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly,Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut)BolognaItaly
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16
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Al Zarzour RH, Kamarulzaman EE, Saqallah FG, Zakaria F, Asif M, Abdul Razak KN. Medicinal plants' proposed nanocomposites for the management of endocrine disorders. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10665. [PMID: 36185142 PMCID: PMC9520215 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive attention has been focused on herbal medicine for the treatment of different endocrine disorders. In fact, compelling scientific evidence indicates that natural compounds might act as endocrine modulators by mimicking, stimulating, or inhibiting the actions of different hormones, such as thyroid, sex, steroidal, and glucose regulating hormones. These potentials might be effectively employed for therapeutic purposes related to the endocrine system as novel complementary choices. Nevertheless, despite the remarkable therapeutic effects, inadequate targeting efficiency and low aqueous solubility of the bioactive components are still essential challenges in their clinical accreditation. On the other hand, nanotechnology has pushed the wheels of combining inorganic nanoparticles with biological structures of medicinal bioactive compounds as one of the utmost exciting fields of research. Nanoparticle conjugations create an inclusive array of applications that provide greater compliance, higher bioavailability, and lower dosage. This can safeguard the global availability of these wealthy natural sources, regardless of their biological occurrence. This review inspects future challenges of medicinal plants in various endocrine disorders for safe and alternative treatments with examples of their nanoparticle formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghdaa Hamdan Al Zarzour
- Discipline of Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Arab International University, Daraa Highway, Ghabagheb Syria
| | - Ezatul Ezleen Kamarulzaman
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Fadi G. Saqallah
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Fauziahanim Zakaria
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Khairul Niza Abdul Razak
- Discipline of Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
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17
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Sweet Taste Signaling: The Core Pathways and Regulatory Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158225. [PMID: 35897802 PMCID: PMC9329783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweet taste, a proxy for sugar-derived calories, is an important driver of food intake, and animals have evolved robust molecular and cellular machinery for sweet taste signaling. The overconsumption of sugar-derived calories is a major driver of obesity and other metabolic diseases. A fine-grained appreciation of the dynamic regulation of sweet taste signaling mechanisms will be required for designing novel noncaloric sweeteners with better hedonic and metabolic profiles and improved consumer acceptance. Sweet taste receptor cells express at least two signaling pathways, one mediated by a heterodimeric G-protein coupled receptor encoded by taste 1 receptor members 2 and 3 (TAS1R2 + TAS1R3) genes and another by glucose transporters and the ATP-gated potassium (KATP) channel. Despite these important discoveries, we do not fully understand the mechanisms regulating sweet taste signaling. We will introduce the core components of the above sweet taste signaling pathways and the rationale for having multiple pathways for detecting sweet tastants. We will then highlight the roles of key regulators of the sweet taste signaling pathways, including downstream signal transduction pathway components expressed in sweet taste receptor cells and hormones and other signaling molecules such as leptin and endocannabinoids.
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18
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Kannan P, Karthikeyan P, Subramaniam N, Mohan T, Gopinath B, Chakrapani LN, Palanivelu S, Raghunathan M, Periandavan K. Gymnemic acid protects murine pancreatic β-cells by moderating hyperglycemic stress-induced inflammation and apoptosis in type 1 diabetic rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23050. [PMID: 35343011 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic immune-mediated disease caused by pancreatic β-cell dysfunction with consequent severe insulin deficiency. Exacerbated blood glucose levels can cause oxidative stress in the pancreatic β-cells, which leads to inflammation, and apoptosis resulting in islet dysfunction. Although massive studies have been carried out to elucidate the causative factors for β-cell damage in diabetes, the therapeutic approach to pancreatic β-cell damage has not been extensively studied. Hence, the present study has been designed to delineate the role of gymnemic acid (GA) in protecting pancreatic β-cells in diabetic animals, with special reference to inflammation and apoptosis. Our data revealed that the treatment with GA significantly reverted the alteration in both biochemical and histochemical observations in young diabetic rats. Moreover, treatment with the GA downregulates the expression of proinflammatory markers (nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-[IL]-6, and IL-1β), proapoptotic proteins (Bax, cytochrome c, and cleaved caspase-3), as well as upregulates the expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 in diabetic rats. These findings suggest that the anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic nature of GA mitigates β-cell damage in hyperglycemic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pugazhendhi Kannan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, DR ALM PG IBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani, Chennai, India
| | - Porkodi Karthikeyan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, DR ALM PG IBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani, Chennai, India
| | - Nirmala Subramaniam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Guindy, Chennai, India
| | - Thangarajeswari Mohan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, DR ALM PG IBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani, Chennai, India
| | - Bhavani Gopinath
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, DR ALM PG IBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani, Chennai, India
| | - Lakshmi N Chakrapani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, DR ALM PG IBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani, Chennai, India
| | - Shanthi Palanivelu
- Department of Pathology, DR ALM PG IBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani, Chennai, India
| | - Malathi Raghunathan
- Department of Pathology, DR ALM PG IBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani, Chennai, India
| | - Kalaiselvi Periandavan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, DR ALM PG IBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani, Chennai, India
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19
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Shekhawat RS, Mandal CC. Anti-obesity Medications in Cancer Therapy: A Comprehensive Insight. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:476-494. [PMID: 34225630 DOI: 10.2174/1568009621666210322122829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between cancer and obesity is multifactorial and complex with the increased risk of cancer development in obese individuals posing a significant threat. Obesity leads to the upregulation or hyperactivation of several oncogenic pathways in cancer cells, which drives them towards a deleterious phenotype. The cross-talk between cancer and obesity is considered a large contributing factor in the development of chemotherapeutic drug resistance and the resistance to radiotherapy. The link between obesity and the development of cancer is so strong that a medication that demonstrates effectiveness against both conditions would serve as an essential step. In this context, anti-obesity medications provide a worthy list of candidates based on their chemo-preventive potential and chemotherapeutic properties. The current study focuses on exploring the potential of anti-obesity medicines as dual anticancer drugs. These medications target several key signaling pathways (e.g., AMPK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK, NF-κB, JNK/ERK), which prove to be crucial for both cancer growth and metastases. Some of these drugs also play an important role in attenuating the signaling and cellular events which incite cancer-obesity cross-talk and demonstrate efficient counteraction of neoplastic transformation. Thus, this review highlights a comprehensive view of the potential use of anti-obesity medicines to treat both cancer and obesity for patients exhibiting both comorbities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chandi C Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, India
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20
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Kojadinovic M, Glibetic M, Vucic V, Popovic M, Vidovic N, Debeljak-Martacic J, Arsic A. Short-Term Consumption of Pomegranate Juice Alleviates Some Metabolic Disturbances in Overweight Patients with Dyslipidemia. J Med Food 2021; 24:925-933. [PMID: 33523763 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate juice (PJ) has potential positive effects in patients with metabolic disturbances due to a high content of polyphenols. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of a 2-week consumption of dietary doses of PJ on blood pressure, lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress markers in overweight patients with dyslipidemia. Twenty-four patients, 8 males and 16 females, 40-60 years of age, with established overweight and dyslipidemia were randomly assigned into intervention group, who consumed 300 mL of PJ daily for 2 weeks, or control group. After 2 weeks of juice intake, intervention group had significantly lower diastolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, aminotransferase, and activity of glutathione peroxidase. Furthermore, patients who consumed PJ had reduced percentage of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA) in plasma phospholipids and increased estimated activity of stearoyl-CoA desaturase. In erythrocytes, we found a significant increase in the levels of dihomo-γ- linolenic acid (20:3n-6, DGLA) and DHA, as well as in estimated activity of Δ6 desaturase, and a decrease in estimated activity of Δ5 desaturase. These results show that even a short-term consumption of dietary doses of PJ exerts beneficial effects and affects lipid metabolism in overweight patients with dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Kojadinovic
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Glibetic
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Vucic
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Popovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Vidovic
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Debeljak-Martacic
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Arsic
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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21
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Nyakudya TT, Tshabalala T, Dangarembizi R, Erlwanger KH, Ndhlala AR. The Potential Therapeutic Value of Medicinal Plants in the Management of Metabolic Disorders. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112669. [PMID: 32526850 PMCID: PMC7321241 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a prevalent, multifactorial and complex disease that is associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes and other major cardiovascular complications. The rise in the global prevalence of MetS has been attributed to genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. The adoption of sedentary lifestyles that are characterized by low physical activity and the consumption of high-energy diets contributes to MetS development. Current management criteria for MetS risk factors involve changes in lifestyle and the use of pharmacological agents that target specific biochemical pathways involved in the metabolism of nutrients. Pharmaceutical drugs are usually expensive and are associated with several undesirable side effects. Alternative management strategies of MetS risk factors involve the use of medicinal plants that are considered to have multiple therapeutic targets and are easily accessible. Medicinal plants contain several different biologically active compounds that provide health benefits. The impact of phytochemicals present in local medicinal plants on sustainable health and well-being of individuals has been studied for many years and found to involve a plethora of complex biochemical, metabolic, and physiological mechanisms. While some of these phytochemicals are the basis of mainstream prescribed drugs (e.g., metformin, reserpine, quinine, and salicin), there is a need to identify more medicinal plants that can be used for the management of components of MetS and to describe their possible mechanisms of action. In this review, we assess the potential health benefits of South African ethnomedicinal plants in protecting against the development of health outcomes associated with MetS. We aim to provide the state of the current knowledge on the use of medicinal plants and their therapeutically important phytochemicals by discussing the current trends, with critical examples from recent primary references of how medicinal plants are being used in South African rural and urban communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor T. Nyakudya
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
| | - Thulani Tshabalala
- Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Vegetable and Ornamental Plants, Private Bag X923, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Rachael Dangarembizi
- Department of Human Biology Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Physiological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
| | - Kennedy H. Erlwanger
- School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa;
| | - Ashwell R. Ndhlala
- Green Technologies Research Centre of Excellence, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +27-15-268-2190
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22
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Pluchea indica (L.) Less. Tea Ameliorates Hyperglycemia, Dyslipidemia, and Obesity in High Fat Diet-Fed Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8746137. [PMID: 32595747 PMCID: PMC7291289 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8746137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pluchea indica (L.) Less. (P. indica) tea has been used for a health-promoting drink, especially in Southeast Asia. The effect of P. indica tea (PIT) on amelioration of hyperglycemia; dyslipidemia that was total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG); and obesity in high fat diet-induced (HFD) mice was investigated. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) displayed that PIT at 400 and 600 mg/kg orally ameliorated hyperglycemia with a dose-dependent manner compared to the untreated group. Moreover, PIT at these dosages exhibited significantly lower TC, LDL-C, TG, and perigonadal fat weight in HFD treated mice compared to HFD mice (P < 0.05) with a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, HDL-C was higher than in the HFD group, but not a significant difference (P > 0.05). The PIT chemical analysis results demonstrated that PIT contained total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (4-CQ), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQ), 3,4-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,4-CQ), 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,5-CQ), 4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (4,5-CQ), beta-caryophyllene, and gamma-gurjunene that may play an important role in inhibiting hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. Also, histological analysis expressed that the mean area and amount of perigonadal fat adipocytes of PIT treated groups were significantly lower and higher than the HFD group (P < 0.05), respectively. The toxicity test of PIT at 600 mg/kg/day in mice showed that serum creatinine, alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and complete blood count (CBC) levels of HFD and PIT treated groups were not significantly different compared to the normal control diet group (NCD) (P > 0.05). These results suggest that PIT does not become toxic to the kidney, liver, and blood. In conclusion, PIT has the potential to develop into healthy food supplement or medicine for the prevention and treatment of hyperglycemic, hyperlipidemic, and obese patients.
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Consuming Gymnema sylvestre Reduces the Desire for High-Sugar Sweet Foods. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041046. [PMID: 32290122 PMCID: PMC7230589 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Gymnemic acids, from the plant Gymnema sylvestre (GS), selectively suppress taste responses to sweet compounds without affecting the perception of other taste elements. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of consuming a GS-containing mint on the desire to consume high-sugar sweet foods directly thereafter. Methods. This study utilized a single-blind, crossover design comparing the consumption of a mint (dissolving tablet) containing 4 mg of gymnemic acids with an isocaloric placebo in 56 healthy young men and women. Participants were given samples of their favourite chocolate (varied between 14–18 g; energy varied between 292–370 kJ) and were directed to rate on their hunger on 100-mm visual analogue scales 30 s prior to consuming high-sugar sweet food (chocolate). They then consumed the GS mint or placebo mint and rated their perceived pleasantness and desire for more chocolate on separate visual analogue scales immediately following consumption of the high-sugar sweet food before being offered up to five additional servings (and asked to rate hunger, pleasantness and desire to eat more chocolate between each ingestion period). Results. The number of chocolate bars eaten decreased by 0.48 bars (21.3%) within a 15-min period of consumption of the GS mint (p = 0.006). Desire to eat more of the high-sugar sweet food (p = 0.011) and pleasantness of the high-sugar sweet food (p < 0.001) was reduced after GS mint intake. Those who reported having a ‘sweet tooth’ had a greater reduction in the pleasantness of chocolate (p = 0.037) and desire to eat more (p = 0.004) after consuming the GS mint for the first serving of a high-sugar sweet food following the mint. Conclusion. Consuming gymnema-containing mints compared to placebo significantly reduced the quantity of chocolate eaten mainly due to a decrease in the desire and pleasantness of consuming it.
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Jangra S, Pothuraju R. Functional Significance of Gum acacia in the Management of Obesity. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:293-295. [DOI: 10.2174/138161282603200306092307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Surender Jangra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Ramesh Pothuraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68105, United States
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Li Y, Liu Y, Liang J, Wang T, Sun M, Zhang Z. Gymnemic Acid Ameliorates Hyperglycemia through PI3K/AKT- and AMPK-Mediated Signaling Pathways in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:13051-13060. [PMID: 31609623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gymnemic acid (GA) isolated from Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) Schult. has been shown to have antihyperglycemic activity; however, the molecular mechanisms governing these effects are unclear. In this study, GA (40 and 80 mg kg-1 day-1) was evaluated by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats to explore its hypoglycemic activity and underlying mechanisms of action. The results indicated that GA decreased fasting blood glucose (FBG) concentrations by 26.7% and lowered insulin concentrations by 16.1% after oral administration of GA at a dose of 80 mg kg-1 day-1 for 6 weeks in T2DM rats. Our data showed that real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot indicated that GA upregulated the level of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and glycogen synthesis (GS) and promoted the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) while downregulated the expression of glycogen synthesis kinase-3β (GSK-3β) in T2DM rats. In addition, key proteins involved in adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mediated gluconeogenesis [such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase)] were downregulated in GA-treated T2DM rats. In summary, the hypoglycemic mechanisms of GA may be related to promoting insulin signal transduction and activating PI3K/Akt- and AMPK-mediated signaling pathways in T2DM rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology) , Ministry of Education , Tianjin 300457 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology) , Ministry of Education , Tianjin 300457 , People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Liang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology) , Ministry of Education , Tianjin 300457 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology) , Ministry of Education , Tianjin 300457 , People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology) , Ministry of Education , Tianjin 300457 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zesheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology) , Ministry of Education , Tianjin 300457 , People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Food Safety & Low Carbon Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center , Tianjin 300457 , People's Republic of China
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Popular functional foods and herbs for the management of type-2-diabetes mellitus: A comprehensive review with special reference to clinical trials and its proposed mechanism. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Impact of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles on Enhancement of Bioactive Compounds Using Cell Suspension Cultures of Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R. Br. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9102165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Gymnema sylvestre is a plant that is enriched in bioactive compounds. In particular, gymnemic acids (GA) and phenolic compounds (PC) are pharmaceutically important. There is a commercial demand for naturally occurring bioactive compounds, but their availability is limited due to geographical and seasonal variations. The elicitation approach can enhance the biosynthesis of phytochemicals during in vitro culture of G. sylvestre. Here, to further improve gymnemic acid II (GA II) and phenolic compounds (PC) production by G. sylvestre, cell suspension cultures (CSC), which has attracted attention for the production of essential phytochemicals, was explored using copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs). Callus was obtained on MS medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, kinetin, phytoagar, and sucrose. Agar-free MS medium was used to initiate CSC, which was treated with three concentrations of CuO NPs (1, 3 or 5 mg/L). Treatment for 48 h with 3 mg/L CuO NPs resulted in the greatest yields of GA II, total phenolics, and flavonoids. The cultures also displayed pronounced antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities. The use of CuO NPs (3 mg/L) significantly increased the production of GA II (nine-fold) and PC compared to unamended CSC. We propose that CSC and use of nanoparticles (NPs) as a new generation of elicitors, offer a suitable prospect for the production of bioactive compounds.
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Jangra S, K. RS, Sharma RK, Pothuraju R, Mohanty AK. Ameliorative effect of fermentable fibres on adiposity and insulin resistance in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat and sucrose diet. Food Funct 2019; 10:3696-3705. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02578a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of diets rich in fat and refined sugars is recognized to be one of the causes of lifestyle disorders, and dietary fibres are being advocated to ameliorate the complications associated with these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surender Jangra
- Division of Animal Biochemistry
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute
- Karnal
- India
| | - Raja Shekar K.
- Division of Animal Biochemistry
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute
- Karnal
- India
| | - Raj Kumar Sharma
- Division of Animal Biochemistry
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute
- Karnal
- India
| | - Ramesh Pothuraju
- Division of Animal Biochemistry
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute
- Karnal
- India
| | - A. K. Mohanty
- Animal Biotechnology Centre
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute
- Karnal
- India
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Pothuraju R, Rachagani S, Junker WM, Chaudhary S, Saraswathi V, Kaur S, Batra SK. Pancreatic cancer associated with obesity and diabetes: an alternative approach for its targeting. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:319. [PMID: 30567565 PMCID: PMC6299603 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0963-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PC) is among foremost causes of cancer related deaths worldwide due to generic symptoms, lack of effective screening strategies and resistance to chemo- and radiotherapies. The risk factors associated with PC include several metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Studies have shown that obesity and T2DM are associated with PC pathogenesis; however, their role in PC initiation and development remains obscure. MAIN BODY Several biochemical and physiological factors associated with obesity and/or T2DM including adipokines, inflammatory mediators, and altered microbiome are involved in PC progression and metastasis albeit by different molecular mechanisms. Deep understanding of these factors and causal relationship between factors and altered signaling pathways will facilitate deconvolution of disease complexity as well as lead to development of novel therapies. In the present review, we focuses on the interplay between adipocytokines, gut microbiota, adrenomedullin, hyaluronan, vanin and matrix metalloproteinase affected by metabolic alteration and pancreatic tumor progression. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic diseases, such as obesity and T2DM, contribute PC development through altered metabolic pathways. Delineating key players in oncogenic development in pancreas due to metabolic disorder could be a beneficial strategy to combat cancers associated with metabolic diseases in particular, PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Pothuraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Wade M Junker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Sanguine Diagnostics and Therapeutics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sanjib Chaudhary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Viswanathan Saraswathi
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sukhwinder Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA. .,Fred & Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA. .,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Pham HTT, Hoang MC, Ha TKQ, Dang LH, Tran VO, Nguyen TBT, Lee CH, Oh WK. Discrimination of different geographic varieties of Gymnema sylvestre, an anti-sweet plant used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 150:12-22. [PMID: 29529525 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br. ex Sm. (Asclepiadaceae) is a well-known Ayurvedic anti-sweet plant for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although it was previously proposed that G. sylvestre exhibits chemical variation based on geography, most research on G. sylvestre has used material originating from India. Morphological and anatomical descriptions, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 DNA sequencing, and acid hydrolysis analyses showed that G. sylvestre samples from Vietnam are distinguishable from those of Indian origin and thus suggest a dissimilarity among G. sylvestre samples with different geographic distributions. An LC-MS-guided strategy targeting 3β-glucuronide oleane-triterpenes in the Vietnamese G. sylvestre variety led to the isolation of four known compounds and nine previously undescribed compounds, named gymnemosides ND1-ND9. None of the isolated compounds were reported in the Indian sample, further supporting the geo-diversity of G. sylvestre. Three compounds, gymnemosides ND7-9, exerted significant stimulatory effects on the uptake of 2-NBDG in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells and thus have potential as lead molecules for anti-diabetes agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Thanh Tung Pham
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Minh Chau Hoang
- Nam Duoc Pharmaceutical Joint Stock Company, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Kim Quy Ha
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Lan Huong Dang
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Van On Tran
- Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | - Chul Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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Governa P, Baini G, Borgonetti V, Cettolin G, Giachetti D, Magnano AR, Miraldi E, Biagi M. Phytotherapy in the Management of Diabetes: A Review. Molecules 2018; 23:E105. [PMID: 29300317 PMCID: PMC6017385 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytotherapy has long been a source of medicinal products and over the years there have been many attempts to use herbal medicines for the treatment of diabetes. Several medicinal plants and their preparations have been demonstrated to act at key points of glucidic metabolism. The most common mechanisms of action found include the inhibition of α-glucosidase and of AGE formation, the increase of GLUT-4 and PPARs expression and antioxidant activity. Despite the large amount of literature available, the actual clinical effectiveness of medicinal plants in controlling diabetes-related symptoms remains controversial and there is a crucial need for stronger evidence-based data. In this review, an overview of the medicinal plants, which use in the management of diabetes is supported by authoritative monographs, is provided. References to some species which are currently under increasing clinical investigation are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Governa
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy.
- Italian Society of Phytotherapy, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy.
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Giulia Baini
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy.
- Italian Society of Phytotherapy, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Vittoria Borgonetti
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy.
- Italian Society of Phytotherapy, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Giulia Cettolin
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy.
- Italian Society of Phytotherapy, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Daniela Giachetti
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy.
- Italian Society of Phytotherapy, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Anna Rosa Magnano
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy.
- Italian Society of Phytotherapy, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Miraldi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy.
- Italian Society of Phytotherapy, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Marco Biagi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy.
- Italian Society of Phytotherapy, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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Chen G, Li H, Zhao Y, Zhu H, Cai E, Gao Y, Liu S, Yang H, Zhang L. Saponins from stems and leaves of Panax ginseng prevent obesity via regulating thermogenesis, lipogenesis and lipolysis in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 106:393-403. [PMID: 28599882 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mouse model was used to evaluate the dietary effect of saponins from stems and leaves of Panax ginseng (SLG), and to explore its mechanism of action in producing anti-obesity effects. The results indicate that SLG showed significant anti-obesity effects in diet-induced obese mice, represented by decreased serum levels of free fatty acids (FFA), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, glucose, leptin and insulin, as well as a reduction in overall body and liver weight, epididymal adipose tissue weight, and food efficiency, and inhibition of abnormal increases in acyl carnitine levels normally caused by an HFD. Additionally, the down-regulated expression of PPARγ, FAS, CD36, FATP2 and up-regulated expression of CPT-1, UCP-2, PPARα, HSL, and ATGL in liver tissue was induced by SLG. In addition, the SLG groups showed decreased PPARγ, aP2 and leptin mRNA levels and increased expression of PPARα, PGC-1α, UCP-1 and UCP-3 genes in adipose tissues, compared with the HFD group. In short, SLG may play a key role in producing anti-obesity effects in mice fed an HFD, and its mechanism may be related to regulation of thermogenesis, lipogenesis and lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilin Chen
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, China
| | - Haijun Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, China.
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, China
| | - Enbo Cai
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, China
| | - Yugang Gao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, China.
| | - Shuangli Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, China
| | - He Yang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, China
| | - Lianxue Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, China
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Capolupo A, Esposito R, Zampella A, Festa C, Riccio R, Casapullo A, Tosco A, Monti MC. Determination of Gymnemic Acid I as a Protein Biosynthesis Inhibitor Using Chemical Proteomics. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:909-915. [PMID: 28256837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The plant Gymnema sylvestre has been used widely in traditional medicine as a remedy for several diseases, and its leaf extract is known to contain a group of bioactive triterpene saponins belonging to the gymnemic acid class. Gymnemic acid I (1) is one of the main components among this group of secondary metabolites and is endowed with an interesting bioactivity profile. Since there is a lack of information about its specific biological targets, the full interactome of 1 was investigated through a quantitative chemical proteomic approach, based on stable-isotope dimethyl labeling. The ribosome complex was found to be the main partner of compound 1, and a full validation of the proteomics results was achieved by orthogonal approaches. Further biochemical and biological investigations revealed an inhibitory effect of 1 on the ribosome machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angela Zampella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli "Federico II" , 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Festa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli "Federico II" , 80131, Naples, Italy
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Hou S, Zhang T, Li Y, Guo F, Jin X. Glycyrrhizic Acid Prevents Diabetic Nephropathy by Activating AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1 α Signaling in db/db Mice. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:2865912. [PMID: 29238727 PMCID: PMC5697128 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2865912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is an effective inhibitor of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We investigated the role of GA in the progression of renal injury in DN. Albumin (Alb)/creatinine (crea) levels were significantly lower, and renal histopathology was attenuated in the diabetic db/db mice that were treated with GA (15 mg/kg via intraperitoneal injection) once per day for eight weeks. These changes were associated with significantly lower levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) expression. Additionally, diabetic db/db mice displayed more terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick-end labeling- (TUNEL-) positive nuclei and diabetes-induced ROS production in the kidneys, and these effects were attenuated by the treatment with GA, which activated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) signaling in the kidneys. In summary, in diabetic db/db mice, the effect of GA on DN involved, in part, the inhibition of ROS and the activation of AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling in the kidneys. GA, therefore, shows therapeutic potential for preventing and treating DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhang Hou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Fengying Guo
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xiu Jin
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining 272000, China
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Kim HJ, Kim S, Lee AY, Jang Y, Davaadamdin O, Hong SH, Kim JS, Cho MH. The Effects of Gymnema sylvestre in High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Disorders. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:813-832. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
This study used an integrated approach to investigate the effects of Gymnema sylvestre (GS) extract as a functional dietary supplement with a high-fat diet. This approach examined insulin resistance, the dysfunction of adipose tissue, and liver steatosis. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal chow or high-fat diet (HFD) for the acute and chronic study, in addition to GS in different doses (100, 250 and 500[Formula: see text]mg/kg body weight). Their body composition changes, serum lipid and glucose parameters, adipose and liver tissue histology, and gene expression were measured. It was found that GS significantly suppressed the increase of body weight, serum levels of lipid, insulin and leptin, and adipose tissue, and liver inflammation. GS also demonstrated hypoglycemic effects due to the amylase inhibition activity. Our results support the existence of a relationship between the HFD induced insulin resistance, adipose dysfunction and liver steatosis. In conclusion, GS works as a functional dietary supplement with preventative effects against metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Jeong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1-gil, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghwa Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1-gil, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Group of Tumor Biology, Seoul National University, Daehangno 103-gil, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Young Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1-gil, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjeong Jang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1-gil, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Orkhonselenge Davaadamdin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1-gil, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1-gil, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk, Medical Innovation Foundation, 88-gil, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sung Kim
- R&D Center, Biterials Co., Ltd., Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Haing Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1-gil, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Group of Tumor Biology, Seoul National University, Daehangno 103-gil, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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Pothuraju R, Sharma RK, Rather SA, Singh S. Comparative evaluation of anti-obesity effect of Aloe vera and Gymnema sylvestre supplementation in high-fat diet fed C57BL/6J mice. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2016; 5:403-407. [PMID: 27757271 PMCID: PMC5061484 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20160623122710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate, anti-obesity effect of Aloe vera (AV), and Gymnema sylvestre (GS) whole extract powders administration to high-fat diet (HFD) fed C57BL/6J mice for 12 weeks. Materials and Methods: At the end of experiment, different parameters such as body weight, feed intake, organ weights, fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance test, plasma lipid levels, and expression analysis of adipocytokines were evaluated. Results: At the end of experimental period, oral administration of both herbs showed a significant (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001) decrease in the plasma glucose and lipid levels in HFD fed mice. In addition, increased in the epididymal fat (E. fat) weight in the HFD group was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced on GS administration alone. Finally, quantitative mRNA expression analysis of adiponectin gene was significantly up-regulated in AV supplementation. Further, no effect was observed with the both herbs on pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor-a) in the E. fat tissue of HFD fed group. Conclusions: The anti-obesity and other metabolic studies depend on the type of diet, different parts of herbal extractions, and animal models used. Further studies are required in this area to strengthen the anti-obesity effects of herbs with active component, and it can be used a pro-drug instead of whole extract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Satvinder Singh
- Department of Animal Biochemistry, NDRI, Karnal, Haryana, India
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Pothuraju R, Sharma R, Kavadi P, Chagalamarri J, Jangra S, Bhakri G, De S. Anti-obesity effect of milk fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum NCDC 625 alone and in combination with herbs on high fat diet fed C57BL/6J mice. Benef Microbes 2016; 7:375-85. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2015.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of dietary supplementation of milk fermented with indigenous probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum (LP625) alone and in combination with herbs (Aloe vera and Gymnema sylvestre) was investigated on high fat diet (HFD, 60 kcal% fat) fed mice for 12 weeks. Administration of LP625 alone or in combination with both herbs lowered the final body weight, however, a significant difference was observed with LP625 supplemented Gymnema sylvestre only as compared to the HFD fed group (25.06±0.18 vs 27.29±0.72 g, P<0.05). Similarly, the epididymal fat mass, fasting blood glucose and serum insulin levels were significantly (P<0.05) decreased by all treatment groups. In addition, a protective effect against the rise in serum and liver triglycerides, and in liver total cholesterol levels was found with the consumption of LP625 alone or in combination with herbs. Furthermore, the HFD fed mice showed a remarkable increase in the epididymal fat cell size, whereas administration of LP625 alone or in combination with herbs exhibited a significant decrease in the size. Finally, a significant increase in the relative mRNA expression of thermogenic proteins, i.e. uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2, 1.16±0.25 fold change, P<0.05) and a decrease in pro-inflammatory markers, such as tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 (1.55±0.18 and 3.10±0.58 fold change, respectively, P<0.05) were due to LP625 supplementation in the HFD fed group. This shows that LP625 alone or supplemented with herbs seems to protect against diet induced obesity by decreasing the body and epididymal fat weight through upregulation of UCP-2 expression and reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Pothuraju
- Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
| | - R.K. Sharma
- Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
| | - P.K. Kavadi
- Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
| | - J. Chagalamarri
- Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
| | - S. Jangra
- Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
| | - G. Bhakri
- Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
| | - S. De
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
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Kim HJ, Hong SH, Chang SH, Kim S, Lee AY, Jang Y, Davaadamdin O, Yu KN, Kim JE, Cho MH. Effects of feeding a diet containing Gymnema sylvestre extract: Attenuating progression of obesity in C57BL/6J mice. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 9:437-44. [PMID: 27261851 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Gymnema sylvestre extract (GS) on initial anti-obesity, liver injury, and glucose homeostasis induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS The dry powder of GS was extracted with methanol, and gymnemic acid was identified by high performance liquid chromatography as deacyl gymnemic acid. Male C57BL/6J mice that fed on either a normal diet, normal diet containing 1 g/kg GS (CON+GS), HFD, or HFD containing 1.0 g/kg GS (HFD + GS) for 4 weeks were used to test the initial anti-obesity effect of GS. Body weight gain and food intake, and serum levels about lipid and liver injury markers were measured. Histopathology of adipose tissue and liver stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and oil-red O were analyzed. After 4 weeks of GS extract feeding, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed. RESULTS The methanol extracts of GS exerted significant anti-obesity effects in HFD + GS group. They decreased body weight gain, a lower food and energy efficiency ratio, and showed lower serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol and leptin compared with the HFD group. The decreases of abdominal as well as epididymal fat weight and adipocyte hypertrophy, lipid droplets in liver, and serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) were also observed. The CON + GS group showed an effect of glucose homeostasis compared to the CON group. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that GS provide the possibility as a key role in an initial anti-obesity effects feeding with a HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Jeong Kim
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Hong
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Chang
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghwa Kim
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Graduate Group of Tumor Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Young Lee
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjeong Jang
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Orkhonselenge Davaadamdin
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Nam Yu
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Haing Cho
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Graduate Group of Tumor Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea; Institute of GreenBio Science Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do 25354, Republic of Korea.
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Pothuraju R, Sharma RK, Onteru SK, Singh S, Hussain SA. Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effects ofAloe veraExtract Preparations: A Review. Phytother Res 2015; 30:200-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shaik Abdul Hussain
- Dairy Technology Division; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal 132001 Haryana India
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Pothuraju R, Sharma RK, Chagalamarri J, Kavadi PK, Jangra S. Influence of milk fermented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus NCDC 17 alone and in combination with herbal ingredients on diet induced adiposity and related gene expression in C57BL/6J mice. Food Funct 2015; 6:3576-84. [PMID: 26327356 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00781j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has become a major health problem in developed countries and is rapidly catching up in the developing world due to changes in their life style. Dietary incorporation of functional foods, including probiotic fermented milk and herbal ingredients, is being tried to ameliorate metabolic disorders. In the present study, the effect of dietary supplementation of a probiotic (Lactobacillus rhamnosus NCDC 17) fermented milk alone or either of the herbal preparations (Aloe vera/Gymnema sylvestre powders, 1% w/w) on the progression of obesity has been studied in C57BL/6J mice fed with a high fat diet for 12 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, oral administration of L. rhamnosus and herbs resulted in a significant decrease in the body weight, epididymal fat mass, fasting blood glucose and serum insulin levels. Supplementation of the probiotic L. rhamnosus alone and in combination with herbs showed a significant decrease in the adipocyte cell size and an increase in the number. Finally, obesity related adipokines levels were maintained at normal by the treatment groups. Thus, dietary intervention of milk fermented with probiotic L. rhamnosus alone or in combination with any of the herbal preparations seems to show anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Pothuraju
- Division of Animal Biochemistry, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001, Haryana, India.
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Rather SA, Pothuraju R, Sharma RK, De S, Mir NA, Jangra S. Anti-obesity effect of feeding probiotic dahi containingLactobacillus caseiNCDC 19 in high fat diet-induced obese mice. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarver A Rather
- Division of Animal Biochemistry; Karnal 132001 Haryana India
| | | | | | - Sachinandan De
- Animal Biotechnology Centre; Karnal 132001 Haryana India
| | - Nazir A Mir
- Dairy Cattle Physiology; Karnal 132001 Haryana India
| | - Surender Jangra
- Division of Animal Biochemistry; Karnal 132001 Haryana India
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Di Fabio G, Romanucci V, Zarrelli M, Giordano M, Zarrelli A. C-4 gem-dimethylated oleanes of Gymnema sylvestre and their pharmacological activities. Molecules 2013; 18:14892-919. [PMID: 24304585 PMCID: PMC6269971 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181214892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gymnema sylvestre R. Br., one of the most important medicinal plants of the Asclepiadaceae family, is a herb distributed throughout the World, predominantly in tropical countries. The plant, widely used for the treatment of diabetes and as a diuretic in Indian proprietary medicines, possesses beneficial digestive, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic and anti-helmentic effects. Furthermore, it is believed to be useful in the treatment of dyspepsia, constipation, jaundice, hemorrhoids, cardiopathy, asthma, bronchitis and leucoderma. A literature survey revealed that some other notable pharmacological activities of the plant such as anti-obesity, hypolipidemic, antimicrobial, free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory properties have been proven too. This paper aims to summarize the chemical and pharmacological reports on a large group of C-4 gem-dimethylated pentacyclic triterpenoids from Gymnema sylvestre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Di Fabio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, Napoli 80126, Italy; E-Mails: (G.D.F.); (V.R.)
| | - Valeria Romanucci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, Napoli 80126, Italy; E-Mails: (G.D.F.); (V.R.)
| | - Mauro Zarrelli
- IMCB-Institute of Composite and Biomedical Materials CNR–National Research Council P E Fermi, (Granatello) Portici, Napoli 80055, Italy; E-Mails: (M.Z.); (M.G.)
| | - Michele Giordano
- IMCB-Institute of Composite and Biomedical Materials CNR–National Research Council P E Fermi, (Granatello) Portici, Napoli 80055, Italy; E-Mails: (M.Z.); (M.G.)
| | - Armando Zarrelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, Napoli 80126, Italy; E-Mails: (G.D.F.); (V.R.)
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