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Zhou L, Wang X, Xia J, Zhang L, Xue L, Jia Q, Fu Z, Sun Z. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of the active components of Shenkang injection in rats with chronic renal failure and its protective effect on damaged renal cells. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2023; 44:406-419. [PMID: 37679901 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to explore the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic alterations of the active components of Shenkang injection (i.e. hydroxy saffron yellow pigment A [HSYA], tanshinol, rheum emodin, and astragaloside IV) in rats with chronic renal failure (CRF), and establish a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model (PK-PD model) in order to provide a scientific and theoretical basis for the rational clinical use of Shenkang injection. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a normal group, model group, and Shenkang injection group. A rat model of CRF was induced by adenine gavage and then followed by drug administration via tail vein injection. Orbital blood was collected at different timepoints and the blood concentrations of the four active components were measured by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. Serum levels of creatinine (Scr), urea nitrogen (BUN), and uric acid (UA) were determined using an automatic biochemical analyzer. A PK-PD model was established, and DAS 3.2.6 software was used for model fitting as well as statistical analysis. TGF-β1 was utilized to induce normal rat kidney cells to construct a renal fibrosis model to investigate the protective effect of the pharmacological components on renal fibrosis. The pharmacokinetic analysis of hydroxy saffron yellow pigment A, tanshinol, rheum emodin, and astragaloside IV based on UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS was stable. The linear regression equations for the four active components were as follows: Y = 0.031X + 0.0091 (R2 = 0.9986) for hydroxy saffron yellow pigment A, Y = 0.0389X + 0.164 (R2 = 0.9979) for tanshinol, Y = 0.0257X + 0.0146 (R2 = 0.9973) for rheum emodin, and Y = 0.0763X + 0.0139 (R2 = 0.9993) for astragaloside IV, which indicated good linear relationships. The methodological investigation was stable, with the interday and intraday precision RSD <10%. Meanwhile, the recoveries ranged between 90% and 120%, in accordance with the requirements for in vivo analysis of drugs. Compared with the model group, the levels of Scr, BUN, and UA were significantly decreased after 20 min in the Shenkang injection group (p < 0.01). The PK-PD model showed that the four active components in the Shenkang injection group could fit well with the three effect measures (i.e. Scr, BUN, and UA), with the measured values similar to the predicted values. The cell model of renal fibrosis showed that the connective tissue growth factor and FN1 protein expression levels were significantly lower in the Shenkang injection group than those in the model group, and the cell fibrosis was improved. The established method for in vivo analysis of Shenkang injection was highly specific, with good separation of the components and simple operation. The total statistical moment could well integrate the pharmacokinetic parameters of the four active components. After treatment with Shenkang injection, all indexes in the administered group improved and showed significant inhibition of renal cell fibrosis in vitro. This study could provide scientific reference ideas for the clinical rational use of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinlan Xia
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lianping Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingquan Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Fu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhi Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Zhou L, Wang X, Sun Z, Bao X, Xue L, Xu Z, Dong P, Xia J. Study on the mechanism of Shenkang injection in the treatment of chronic renal failure based on the strategy of "Network pharmacology-Molecular docking-Key target validation". PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291621. [PMID: 37796994 PMCID: PMC10553805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the potential mechanism of Shenkang injection (SKI) in the treatment of chronic renal failure based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology, and to verify the core targets and key pathways by using the renal failure model. METHODS The active components and targets of Shenkang injection were retrieved by TCMSP database, and the disease related targets were obtained by OMIM, GeneCards and other databases. Then, the intersection was obtained, and were imported into String database for PPI analysis. After further screening of core targets, GO and KEGG analysis were performed. Autodock software was used to predict the molecular docking and binding ability of the selected active ingredients and core targets. Chronic renal failure (CRF) model was established by adenine induction in rats, and the pathological observation of renal tissues was conducted. Meanwhile, the effects of Shenkang injection and its active components on core targets and pathways of renal tissues were verified. RESULTS The results of network pharmacology showed that the main components of Shenkang injection might be hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA)、tanshinol、rheum emodin、Astragaloside IV. Through enrichment analysis of core targets, it was found that Shenkang injection may play an anti-chronic renal failure effect through PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Molecular docking results showed that the above pharmacodynamic components had strong binding ability with the target proteins PI3K and Akt. The results of animal experiments showed that renal function indexes of Shenkang injection group and pharmacodynamic component group were significantly improved compared with model group. HE staining results showed that the pathological status of the kidney was significantly improved in SKI and pharmacodynamic component treatment groups. Immunohistochemical results showed that the renal fibrosis status was significantly reduced in SKI and pharmacodynamic component treatment groups. q-RTPCR and WB results showed that the expression levels of PI3K and Akt were significantly decreased in the treatment groups (P< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Shenkang injection may inhibit PI3K-Akt signaling pathway to play an anti-chronic renal failure role through the pharmacodynamic component hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), tanshinol, rheum emodin, Astragaloside IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhi Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyue Bao
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lianping Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhanmei Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Dong
- Department of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinlan Xia
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Qu Z, Wang B, Jin Y, Xiao Q, Zhao Y, Zhao D, Yang L. Shenkang protects renal function in diabetic rats by preserving nephrin expression. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:244. [PMID: 37460931 PMCID: PMC10353195 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04078-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shenkang injection has been used clinically to lower creatinine levels. This study explored the mechanism of Shenkang injection on protecting kidney function from hyperglycemia-mediated damage. METHODS This study utilized a STreptoZotocin (STZ)-induced rat model of diabetes. In total, 60 rats were randomized into either the control group (n = 15) injected with vehicle or treatment group (n = 45) injected with STZ to induce hyperglycemia. Eight weeks after diabetes onset, diabetic rats were further randomized to receive different treatments for 4 consecutive weeks, including vehicle (diabetic nephropathy group, n = 15), Shenkang (n = 15), or Valsartan (n = 15). At 12 weeks, a series of urine and blood measures were examined and damage to the kidney tissue was examined using histology. Expression of nephrin and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were characterized using immunohistochemistry and Western blot. RESULTS Compared to the control group, rats in the diabetic nephropathy group showed significant kidney damage demonstrated by high kidneyindex, high levels of urinary albumin, albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), blood urea nitrogen as well as histological evidence. Shenkang injection significantly improved kidney function in the diabetic rats by decreasing kidney index, ACR, and serum creatinine. Shenkang treatment also mitigated kidney damage, improved nephrin expression, and decreased TGF-β1 expression in the kidneys. CONCLUSIONS Shenkang treatment protected renal function in diabetic rats by increasing nephrin expression, which protects diabetic rats from hyperglycemia-mediated kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Qu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.3302, Jilin Road, Changchun City, Jilin Province, P.R. China
| | - Biyao Wang
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP, UK
| | - Yingli Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P.R. China
| | - Qingfei Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.3302, Jilin Road, Changchun City, Jilin Province, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.3302, Jilin Road, Changchun City, Jilin Province, P.R. China
| | - Danning Zhao
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P.R. China
| | - Liming Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.3302, Jilin Road, Changchun City, Jilin Province, P.R. China.
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Taximaimaiti X, Abdulla R, Xin X, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Aisa HA, Deng D, Wu T. Rapid identification of chemical components in Xuelian granule by UHPLC-Q-orbitrap-HRMS based on enzyme activity in vitro. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:222. [PMID: 37407958 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04025-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xuelian granule (XL), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has been used for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy for a long time as a hospital preparation. Because the active ingredients in the XL that can help to treat diabetic nephropathy are still unclear, which limits the interpretation for its pharmacological mechanism, further development and subsequent study on the material basis of its efficacy. METHODS In this study, a screening method based on inhibition activity against aldose reductase (AR) was employed for activity-directed chemical analysis of XL using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole-orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-orbitrap-HRMS) technique. RESULTS A total of 178 compounds, including 46 terpenes, 47 organic acids, 25 flavonoids, 29 phenylethanoid glycosides, and 31 other types, were tentatively identified from XL which might responsible for its AR inhibition activity. CONCLUSION This is the first study for a systematic, rapid, and accurate qualitative analysis of XL. This research provides a scientific and experimental basis for further researches on pharmacodynamics material basis and quality control of XL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiatiguli Taximaimaiti
- The State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Plant Resources in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rahima Abdulla
- The State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Plant Resources in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Xuelei Xin
- The State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Plant Resources in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Urumqi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Urumqi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- The State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Plant Resources in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Deqiang Deng
- Urumqi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Urumqi, 830000, China.
| | - Tao Wu
- The State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Plant Resources in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.
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Liu Y, Wang S, Jin G, Gao K, Wang S, Zhang X, Zhou K, Cai Y, Zhou X, Zhao Z. Network pharmacology-based study on the mechanism of ShenKang injection in diabetic kidney disease through Keap1/Nrf2/Ho-1 signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 118:154915. [PMID: 37392674 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of ShenKang Injection (SKI) on the kidneys of DKD rats and its effect on oxidative stress mediated by the Keap1/Nrf2/Ho-1 signaling pathway through network pharmacology and in vivo and in vitro experiments. METHODS SKI drug targets were screened by TCMSP, DKD targets were screened by GenGards, OMIM, Drugbank, TTD, and Disgenet databases, and the two intersected for PPI network analysis and target prediction was performed by GO and KEGG. A total of 40 SD rats were randomly divided into 10 in the control group and 30 in the model group. After the model group was fed 8 W with high-sugar and high-fat diets, a DKD model was constructed by one-time intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). According to the weight, the model animals were randomly divided into three groups: 8 for model validation group, 8 for Irbesartan (25 mg/kg daily) group, and 8 for SKI group (5 ml/kg). Gavaged deionized water was given to the control group and the model validation group equally. The general conditions of the rats were observed, their body weights measured and their urine volumes recorded for 24 h. After the intervention of 16 W, serum was collected to detect Urea, Scr, blood lipids, and oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation indicators; Transmission electron microscopy, HE and Mallory staining were used to observe the pathological morphology of renal tissue. Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of Keap1, Nrf2, Ho-1, Gpx4 proteins and mRNA in rat kidney tissues. HK-2 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into: the control group, AGEs (200 μg/ml) group and AGEs + SKI group. The cell activity of the groups was detected using CCK-8 after 48 h of cell culture, and ROS were detected using fluorescent probes. Gpx4 expression was detected by immunofluorescence, while Keap1, Nrf2, Ho-1, and Gpx4 were detected by Western Blot. RESULTS Network pharmacological analysis predicted that SKI may delay DKD kidney injury by affecting redox-related signaling pathways and mitigating AGEs-induced oxidative stress. In the animal experiment, compared with the model validation group, the general state of rats in the SKI group was improved, and 24-hour urine protein levels were significantly reduced, and the Scr in the serum was reduced. A decreasing trend was seen in Urea, and TC, TG, and LDL levels significantly decreased and the levels of ROS, LPO and MDA were significantly lowered. Pathological staining showed that renal interstitial fibrosis was significantly improved, and electron microscopy showed that foot process effacement was alleviated. Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR showed decreased expression of Keap1 protein and mRNA in kidney tissues of the SKI group. Additionally, Nrf2, Ho-1, and Gpx4 proteins and mRNA were expressed significantly. In the cell experiment, after 48 h treatment with AGEs, ROS in HK-2 cells increased significantly and cell activity decreased significantly, while cell activity in AGEs + SKI group increased significantly and ROS decreased. The expression of Keap1 protein in HK-2 cells in the AGEs + SKI group decreased, while the expression of Nrf2, Ho-1 and Gpx4 proteins increased significantly. CONCLUSION SKI can protect kidney function in DKD rats, delay DKD progression, inhibit AGEs-induced oxidative stress damage in HK-2 cells, and the mechanism of SKI to improve DKD may be achieved by activating the Keap1/Nrf2/Ho-1 signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Sitong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Ge Jin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Kun Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Shuyue Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xinjiang Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Kaidong Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yanmo Cai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Zongjiang Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
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Su J, He T, You J, Cao J, Wang Q, Cao S, Mei Q, Zeng J, Liu L. Therapeutic effect and underlying mechanism of Shenkang injection against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115805. [PMID: 36216195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shenkang injection (SKI), a Chinese patent medicine injection, has been approved for the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to its definite clinical therapeutic efficacy. However, the effect and associated underlying mechanism of Shenkang injection against cisplatin (CDDP)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) has not yet been well elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect and associated underlying mechanism of Shenkang injection against CDDP-induced AKI. MATERIALS AND METHODS We established a CDDP-induced AKI mouse model to evaluate renal function by biochemical markers measurement and to observe histopathological alterations by haemotoxylin and eosin (HE)-staining sections of renal. In addition, the distribution of representative components of SKI in the kidneys of mice was evaluated by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Furthermore, the degree of oxidative stress and inflammation were assessed by detecting the levels of inflammatory cytokines and oxidants, while the related mechanisms were elucidated by network pharmacology. RESULTS CDDP could induce excessive inflammation and severe injury to the kidneys of mice. However, SKI significantly ameliorated the kidney damages and improved the renal function by reducing the levels of renal function markers (SCr, BUN and urine protein), and inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines IL-34, IL-6 and TNF-α. SKI repaired oxidative balance through up-regulation of antioxidants SOD and GSH and down-regulated oxidants MDA. Moreover, 4 components from SKI were detected in the kidney by LC-MS/MS quantification. In addition, pharmacology network indicated the PI3K/AKT, TNF, MAPK, and p53 were the possible signaling pathways for the therapeutic effect of SKI against CDDP-induced AKI, which were related to inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. CONCLUSION In the present study, we for the first time demonstrated that SKI alleviates CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity by antioxidant and anti-inflammation via regulating PI3K/AKT, MAPK, TNF, and p53 signaling pathways. The study may provide a scientific rationale for the clinical indication of SKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahan Su
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China; Luzhou New Drug Evaluation and Research Center, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Tingting He
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China; Luzhou New Drug Evaluation and Research Center, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Jing You
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China; The People's Hospital of DaZhu, Dazhou, Sichuan, 635000, China
| | - Jingjie Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Qianru Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Shousong Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Qibing Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China; Luzhou New Drug Evaluation and Research Center, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
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Wang YN, Liu HJ, Ren LL, Suo P, Zou L, Zhang YM, Yu XY, Zhao YY. Shenkang injection improves chronic kidney disease by inhibiting multiple renin-angiotensin system genes by blocking the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:964370. [PMID: 36059935 PMCID: PMC9432462 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.964370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major worldwide public health problem. The increase in the number of patients with CKD and end-stage kidney disease requesting renal dialysis or transplantation will progress to epidemic proportions in the next several decades. Although blocking the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been used as a first-line standard therapy in patients with hypertension and CKD, patients still progress towards end-stage kidney disease, which might be closely associated with compensatory renin expression subsequent to RAS blockade through a homeostatic mechanism. The Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway is the master upstream regulator that controls multiple intrarenal RAS genes. As Wnt/β-catenin regulates multiple RAS genes, we inferred that this pathway might also be implicated in blood pressure control. Therefore, discovering new medications to synchronously target multiple RAS genes is necessary and essential for the effective treatment of patients with CKD. We hypothesized that Shenkang injection (SKI), which is widely used to treat CKD patients, might ameliorate CKD by inhibiting the activation of multiple RAS genes via the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. To test this hypothesis, we used adenine-induced CKD rats and angiotensin II (AngII)-induced HK-2 and NRK-49F cells. Treatment with SKI inhibited renal function decline, hypertension and renal fibrosis. Mechanistically, SKI abrogated the increased protein expression of multiple RAS elements, including angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin II type 1 receptor, as well as Wnt1, β-catenin and downstream target genes, including Snail1, Twist, matrix metalloproteinase-7, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and fibroblast-specific protein 1, in adenine-induced rats, which was verified in AngII-induced HK-2 and NRK-49F cells. Similarly, our results further indicated that treatment with rhein isolated from SKI attenuated renal function decline and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and repressed RAS activation and the hyperactive Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway in both adenine-induced rats and AngII-induced HK-2 and NRK-49F cells. This study first revealed that SKI repressed epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by synchronously targeting multiple RAS elements by blocking the hyperactive Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ni Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong-Jiao Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li-Li Ren
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ping Suo
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Disciplines Team of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Food and Bioengineering, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya-Mei Zhang
- Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital and Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Yong Yu, ; Ying-Yong Zhao,
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital and Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Yong Yu, ; Ying-Yong Zhao,
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Quantitative Crotonylome Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Shenkang Injection on Diabetic Nephropathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/7767431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Shenkang injection (SKI) has been widely used in the clinical treatment of chronic kidney diseases in China because of its efficacy and safety. However, the underlying mechanism of SKI in diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the renoprotective effects and possible mechanisms of SKI in diabetic db/db mice. We showed that SKI ameliorated hyperglycemia and abnormal renal biochemical parameters in db/db mice. Crotonylome and subsequent bioinformatics analyses indicated that the molecular functions of the significantly different crotonylated proteins regulated by SKI were closely related to oxidoreductase activity and oxidative phosphorylation might be one of the main pathways through which SKI functions in DN. Subsequent PRM validation of the selected crotonylated proteins confirmed these findings. In addition, we determined that SKI could regulate the expression of specific proteins in oxidative phosphorylation complexes and enhance antioxidant capacity. Taken together, our data suggest that SKI exerted the protective effect against DN potentially through reversing the abnormal crotonylation expression of oxidoreductase-related proteins.
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ShenKang Injection Attenuates Renal Fibrosis by Inhibiting EMT and Regulating the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9705948. [PMID: 35800011 PMCID: PMC9256403 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9705948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Shenkang Injection (SKI) is a traditional Chinese medicine injection commonly used in the clinical treatment of chronic kidney disease. Although it has been confirmed that SKI has anti-kidney fibrosis effects, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. To investigate the effects of SKI on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and Wnt/β-catenin pathway and explore its potential anti-fibrosis mechanism. A unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model was induced by ligating the left ureter of male SD rats. A total of 24 rats were randomly divided into the following four groups: sham group, model group, SKI group, and benazepril group. The rats in each group were treated for 28 days, and renal function was evaluated by blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Scr). The degree of renal fibrosis was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson staining. Extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting were used to detect the expression of genes and proteins in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Further studies were performed in vitro using HK-2 cells treated with TGF-β1. At 28 days postoperation, the levels of BUN and Scr expression were significantly increased in the UUO group. SKI and benazepril reduced the levels of BUN and Scr, which displayed protective renal effects. Pathological staining showed that compared with the sham operation group, the renal parenchymal structure was severely damaged, the number of glomeruli was reduced, and a large amount of collagen was deposited in the kidney tissue of the UUO group. SKI treatment reduced morphological changes. Immunohistochemistry showed that compared with the sham operation group, the content of collagen I and FN in the kidney tissue of the UUO group were significantly increased, whereas the SKI content was decreased. In addition, compared with the UUO group, the levels of Wnt1, active β-catenin, Snail1, and PAI-1 expression were reduced in the SKI group, suggesting that SKI may reduce renal fibrosis by mediating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Further in vitro studies showed that collagen I, FN, and α-SMA levels in HK-2 cells were significantly increased following stimulation with TGF-β1. SKI could significantly reduce the expression of collagen I, FN, and α-SMA. A scratch test showed that SKI could reduce HK-2 migration. In addition, by stimulating TGF-β1, the levels of Wnt1, active β-catenin, snail1, and PAI-1 were significantly upregulated. SKI treatment could inhibit the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in HK-2 cells. SKI improves kidney function by inhibiting renal fibrosis. The anti-fibrotic effects may be mediated by regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and EMT inhibition.
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Zou J, Zhou X, Chen X, Ma Y, Yu R. Shenkang Injection for Treating Renal Fibrosis-Metabonomics and Regulation of E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Smurfs on TGF-β/Smads Signal Transduction. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:849832. [PMID: 35721120 PMCID: PMC9201572 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.849832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, TGF-β is the most critical fibrogenic factor known. Smad ubiquitin ligase Smurfs play an important role in the regulation of the TGF-/Smads signaling pathway, which is linked to metabolite changes in renal fibrosis. Previous studies have shown that Shenkang injection can prevent and treat chronic kidney disease through multiple channels of action. However, the precise relationship between Shenkang injection and the regulation of the TGF-/Smads signaling pathway in the treatment of chronic kidney disease is unknown. Here, we evaluated the pharmacological effects of Shenkang injection on ubiquitination and metabolic changes of the TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway in UUO mice using pathology-related indicators, immunoprecipitation, subcellular co-location, and metabonomics analysis. Our findings indicate that Shenkang injection can promote nuclear translocation of Smurf1 and Smurf2 to TGF- membrane receptors TR-I and Smad2 and ubiquitinated degradation of these proteins. Furthermore, the formation of TβR-I/TβR-II, TβR-I/Smad2, and TβR-I/Smad3 complexes was inhibited to negatively regulate the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway induced renal tubular epithelial transdifferentiation (EMT). The EMT process is not very relevant in vivo, although it is clear that TGF-β induces EMT in cultured cells, which has been demonstrated by numerous teams around the world. However, this is not the case with the in vivo models of kidney fibrosis, especially UUO. In addition, Shenkang injection can improve amino acid metabolism, purine metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junju Zou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Research in TCM Prescriptions and Zheng, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaotao Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xian Chen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuerong Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Yu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Research in TCM Prescriptions and Zheng, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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Wang WW, Liu YL, Wang MZ, Li H, Liu BH, Tu Y, Yuan CC, Fang QJ, Chen JX, Wang J, Fu Y, Wan ZY, Wan YG, Wu W. Inhibition of Renal Tubular Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Apoptosis with Shenkang Injection Attenuates Diabetic Tubulopathy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:662706. [PMID: 34408650 PMCID: PMC8367077 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.662706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The proximal renal tubule plays a critical role in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression. Early glomerular disease in DKD triggers a cascade of injuries resulting in renal tubulointerstitial disease. These pathophysiological responses are collectively described as diabetic tubulopathy (DT). Thus, therapeutic strategies targeting DT hold significant promise for early DKD treatment. Shenkang injection (SKI) has been widely used to treat renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in patients with chronic kidney disease in China. However, it is still unknown whether SKI can alleviate DT. We designed a series of experiments to investigate the beneficial effects of SKI in DT and the mechanisms that are responsible for its effect on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis in DT. Methods: The modified DKD rat models were induced by uni-nephrectomy, streptozotocin intraperitoneal injection, and a high-fat diet. Following the induction of renal injury, these animals received either SKI, rosiglitazone (ROS), or vehicle, for 42 days. For in vitro research, we exposed NRK-52E cells to high glucose (HG) and 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) with or without SKI or ROS. Changes in parameters related to renal tubular injury and EMT were analyzed in vivo. Changes in the proportion of apoptotic renal tubular cells and ER stress, and the signaling pathways involved in these changes, were analyzed both in vivo and in vitro. Results: SKI and ROS improved the general condition, the renal morphological appearance and the key biochemical parameters, and attenuated renal injury and EMT in the rat model of DKD. In addition, SKI and ROS alleviated apoptosis, inhibited ER stress, and suppressed PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP signaling pathway activation both in vivo and in vitro. Notably, our data showed that the regulatory in vitro effects of SKI on PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP signaling were similar to those of 4-PBA, a specific inhibitor of ER stress. Conclusion: This study confirmed that SKI can alleviate DT in a similar manner as ROS, and SKI achieves this effect by inhibiting EMT and ER stress-induced apoptosis. Our findings thereby provide novel information relating to the clinical value of SKI in the treatment of DT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Nephrology, Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ying-Lu Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei-Zi Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bu-Hui Liu
- Nephrology Division, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Tu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Preservation, Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Massage College, Health Preservation and Rehabilitation College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Can-Can Yuan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi-Jun Fang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Xin Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Fu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zi-Yue Wan
- Graduate School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yi-Gang Wan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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HPLC-MS and Network Pharmacology Analysis to Reveal Quality Markers of Huo-Xue-Jiang-Tang Yin, a Chinese Herbal Medicine for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:1072975. [PMID: 33790972 PMCID: PMC7984925 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1072975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Huo-Xue-Jiang-Tang Yin (HXJTY) is a Chinese medicine formulation, which has been widely used for the treatment of various lipometabolism- and glycometabolism-related diseases in clinics. Currently, HXJTY is mainly prescribed to treat patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), yet its chemical and pharmacologic profiles remain to be elucidated. Here, the potential bioactive compound and action mechanism were investigated using chemical and network pharmacology analysis. A rapid HPLC-MS was employed to identify and quantify the component of HXJTY. On the basis of the identified chemical markers from HXJTY, a network pharmacology study, including target gene prediction and functional enrichment, was applied to screen out the main quality markers of HXJTY and explore its potential mechanism for the treatment of T2DM. The results showed that a total of 22 components were identified and quantified from HXJTY by HPLC-MS. Furthermore, 12 active components such as astragaloside IV, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, hydroxysafflor yellow A, and others were proposed as quality markers of HXJTY for treating T2DM based on network pharmacology analysis. In addition, 125 corresponding possible therapeutic target genes of T2DM were obtained. These target genes are mainly related to peptidase activity, hydrolase activity, phosphatase activity, and cofactor binding, suggesting the involvement of PI3K-Akt, MAPK, AGE-RAGE, and Rap1 signaling pathways in HXJTY-treated T2DM. Our results may provide a useful approach to identify potential quality markers and molecular mechanism of HXJTY for treating T2DM.
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Multiple wavelengths maximization fusion fingerprint profiling for quality evaluation of compound liquorice tablets and related antioxidant activity analysis. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Shen Y, Feng F, Sun H, Li G, Xiang Z. Quantitative and network pharmacology: A case study of rhein alleviating pathological progress of renal interstitial fibrosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 261:113106. [PMID: 32553981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The current network pharmacology model focuses mainly on static and qualitative characterisation between drugs and targets or molecular pathway networks, but it does not reflect the multi-scale, dynamic and quantitative process of drug action. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we developed a new model known as quantitative and network pharmacology (QNP) to characterise the dynamic and quantitative interventions of drugs within a multi-scale biological network. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, we used a systems biology method to construct a molecule-cell dynamic network model to simulate the pathological processes of diseases. Secondly, according to the principles of enzymatic kinetics, we generated a multi-scale drug intervention model to simulate the intervention of drugs in multi-scale networks at different concentrations and pathological stages. Finally, we took rhein treatment of renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) as an example to illustrate the QNP model. RESULTS We successfully constructed the a QNP model that includes both a multi-scale dynamic network disease model and drug intervention model. The QNP model accurately simulated the pathological process of RIF, and the simulation results were validated by a series of cell and animal experiments. Meanwhile, the QNP model demonstrated that rhein can delay the pathological process at the studied concentrations of 5 nM, 10 nM, and 20 nM, and can also exert a better therapeutic effect on fibrosis before the proliferation stage of RIF. Furthermore, through uncertainty and sensitivity analysis, we identified that FAK and Smad3 may be potential targets for RIF. CONCLUSION Our QNP model provides a molecular-cellular understanding of the pathological mechanisms of RIF, serving as a new approach and strategy for the construction of dynamic multi-scale network model of diseases and drug intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Pharmaceutical Department, Ningbo Women & Children's Hospital, Ningbo, 315012, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Feng Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Hao Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Pharmacy Department, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Guowei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Zheng Xiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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Zou JJ, Zhou XT, Chen YK, Liu JL, Wang C, Ma YR, Wang L. A review on the efficacy and mechanism of action of Shenkang injection against chronic kidney disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110833. [PMID: 33035831 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common conditions which significantly increases the risk for serious health outcomes. Epidemiological investigations have shown that CKD has become a serious global health problem. At present, there are no treatments for CKD, thus the need for an effective and safe treatment for this condition. Shenkang Injection (SKI), which is an herbal medication in Chinese Medicine, has been used in the management and treatment of CKD and has achieved favorable therapeutic effects. The purpose of this paper is to review the clinical efficacy, mechanism of action, and safety profile of SKI when used in CKD, and to provide comprehensive potential evidence for its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ju Zou
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yan-Kun Chen
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410200, China
| | - Jia-Lu Liu
- School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yue-Rong Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410200, China.
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Combination of matrix solid phase dispersion and response surface evaluation for simultaneous detections of multiple bioactive constituents of traditional Chinese medicine formula: Using Baoyuan Capsule as an example. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 190:113495. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Chemical composition analysis of pomegranate seeds based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 187:113357. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Lazarova I, Zengin G, Sinan KI, Aneva I, Uysal S, Picot-Allain MCN, Aktumsek A, Bouyahya A, Mahomoodally MF. Metabolomics profiling and biological properties of root extracts from two Asphodelus species: A. albus and A. aestivus. Food Res Int 2020; 134:109277. [PMID: 32517915 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacological properties of Asphodelus species have been advocated previously. In this respect, the present study attempts to unravel the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activity of root extracts of two Asphodelus species, namely, A. albus and A. aestivus. Data gathered demonstrated that the dichloromethane (25.49, 51.30, 104.31, and 81.58 mg Trolox equivalents [TEs]/g, for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH], 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) [ABTS], cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity [CUPRAC], and ferric reducing antioxidant power[FRAP] assays respectively) and ethyl acetate (20.60, 41.86, 89.07, and 57.85 mg TEs/g, for DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, and FRAP assays respectively) extracts of A. albus roots showed highest radical scavenging and reducing potential. These findings were in accordance with total phenolic content observed which showed the highest phenolic content of A. albus dichloromethane (30.74 mg gallic acid equivalents [GAEs]/g) and ethyl acetate (23.41 mg GAEs/g) extracts. Interestingly, A. albus and A. aestivus root extracts were active inhibitors of tyrosinase and lipase, with values varying from 56.52 to 71.49 mg kojic acid equivalent/g and 34.88 to 86.32 mg orlistat equivalent/g, respectively. Flavonoids, anthraquinones, and phenolic acids were identified as main individual compounds in chemical profile analysis. This is the first report of the presence of aloin A, aloin B, and aloesin in species other than in Aloe. Scientific evidences gathered from this study claimed the biological activity of the studied Asphodelus species and provided rationale for further investigations which might lead to the development of novel pharmacophores to alleviate oxidative stress related complications, obesity, as well as, skin hyperpigmentation complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Lazarova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2, Dunav str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, Turkey.
| | | | - Ina Aneva
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research-BAS, 2 Gagarin Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sengul Uysal
- Erciyes University Halil Bayraktar Health Services Vocational College, Kayseri Turkey; Ziya Eren Drug Application and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | - Abdurrahman Aktumsek
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, Turkey
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, 230 Réduit, Mauritius; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam.
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Li Y, Li Y, Yang Y. Rapid screening of amitraz and its metabolite residues in honey using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction method coupled with UHPLC and Q Exactive. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1466-1473. [PMID: 32052934 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A method for determining amitraz and 2,4-dimethylaniline in honey was established by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatoghaphy and Q Exactive after applying quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extracting process. A suitable extraction method was designed to extract the amitraz and 2,4-dimethylaniline after a suitable amount of honey samples was dissolved. A Thermo Syncronis C18 column (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) was used for chromatographic separation of the samples. Then the two compounds were quantitatively analyzed via a program of Q Exactive. The linearity of amitraz and 2,4-dimethylaniline was good in the concentration range of 0.5-100 μg/L, and the correlation coefficient R2 was >0.99. The average recovery and relative standard deviation of each component were 81.3-90.0% and 5.1-7.2%. The 24- and 48-h test results showed that the sample needed to be tested within 24 h. The limit of detection was 0.1 μg/kg for amitraz and 2,4-dimethylaniline, whereas for both the limit of quantitation was 0.3 μg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Li
- Fujian Inspection and Research Institute for Product Quality, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research (Fujian Center for Disease Control & Prevention), Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research (Fujian Center for Disease Control & Prevention), Fuzhou, P. R. China
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Zhang B, Li MY, Luo XM, Wang XB, Wu T. Analysis of the chemical components of Qixianqingming granules and their metabolites in rats by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2020; 55:e4484. [PMID: 31786817 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Qixianqingming granules (QXQM) comprise a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula that was developed based on the combination of TCM theory and clinical practice. This formula has been proven to effectively treat asthma. In this study, an analytical procedure using ultraperformance liquid chromatography, coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, was established for the rapid separation and sensitive identification of the chemical components in QXQM and its metabolites in serum of rats. Seventy-two compounds were systematically identified in QXQM, including flavonoids, terpenoids, anthraquinones, phenylethanoid glycosides, stilbenes, alkaloids, and organic acids. Thirteen prototype compounds and 29 metabolites were detected in the serum of rats. The results provided fundamental information for further studying the mechanisms and clinical application of QXQM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Mo Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Ming Luo
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiong Biao Wang
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
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Lazarova I, Zengin G, Gevrenova R, Nedialkov P, Aneva I, Aumeeruddy MZ, Mahomoodally MF. A comparative study of UHPLC/Orbitrap MS metabolomics profiles and biological properties of Asphodeline taurica from Bulgaria and Turkey. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 168:174-180. [PMID: 30807922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation attempts to compare the pharmacological properties and phytochemical profile of four extracts (ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, methanol, and water) of Asphodeline taurica (Pall.) Endl. roots from Bulgaria and Turkey. The Bulgarian ethyl acetate extract displayed the highest antioxidant activity in the DPPH, CUPRAC, and phosphomolybdenum assay, and strongest inhibition against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The Turkish aqueous extract exhibited the strongest ABTS scavenging and ferric reducing power while its methanol extract was the most effective acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitor. On the other hand, the Turkish dichloromethane extract showed the highest lipase inhibition. UHPLC/Orbitrap MS analysis showed a wide array of individual phenolics; six free anthraquinones, two bianthraquinones, three bianthracenes, three anthraquinone glycosides and one bianthracen glycoside were identified. The present data suggest that A. taurica roots can be considered as a valuable source of biologically active phytocompounds with functional properties for the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Lazarova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2, Dunav Str., 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University Campus, Konya, Turkey
| | - Reneta Gevrenova
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2, Dunav Str., 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Paraskev Nedialkov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2, Dunav Str., 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ina Aneva
- Institute of Biodiversity and Еcosystem Research-BAS, 2 Gagarin Str., 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Chen Y, Zhang S, Wei S, Li Y, Li W, Yan M, Deng Y, Zhang B, Cai H. Identification and analysis of components in Shen-Fu-Shu granule extract and in rat plasma after oral administration by UPLC-ESI/Q-TOF-MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 169:159-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Systematic Profiling of the Multicomponents and Authentication of Erzhi Pill by UHPLC/Q-Orbitrap-MS Oriented Rapid Polarity-Switching Data-Dependent Acquisition and Selective Monitoring of the Chemical Markers Deduced from Fingerprint Analysis. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123143. [PMID: 30513579 PMCID: PMC6320785 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The analytical platform UHPLC/Q-Orbitrap-MS offers a solution to quality investigation of TCM with high definiteness. Using Erzhi Pill (EZP) as a case, we developed UHPLC/Q-Orbitrap-MS based approaches to achieve systematic multicomponent identification and rapid authentication. Comprehensive multicomponent characterization of EZP was performed by negative/positive switching data-dependent high-energy collision-induced dissociation-MS2 (HCD-MS2) after 25 min chromatographic separation. By reference compounds comparison, elemental composition analysis, fragmentation pathways interpretation, and retrieval of an in-house library, 366 compounds were separated and detected from EZP, and 96 thereof were structurally characterized. The fingerprints of two component drugs (Ligustri Lucidi Fructus, LLF; Ecliptae Herba, EH) for EZP were analyzed under the same LC-MS condition by full scan in negative mode. In combination with currently available pharmacological reports, eight compounds were deduced as the ‘identity markers’ of EZP. Selective ion monitoring (SIM) of eight marker compounds was conducted to authenticate six batches of EZP samples. Both LLF and EH could be detected from all EZP samples by analyzing the SIM spectra, which could indicate their authenticity. Conclusively, UHPLC/Q-Orbitrap-MS by rapid polarity switching could greatly expand the potency of untargeted profiling with high efficiency, and SIM of multiple chemical markers rendered a practical approach enabling the authentication of TCM formulae.
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Yang J, Sun Z, Li D, Duan F, Li Z, Lu J, Shi Y, Xu T, Zhang X. A novel liquid chromatography Orbitrap mass spectrometry method with full scan for simultaneous determination of multiple bioactive constituents of Shenkang injection in rat tissues: Application to tissue distribution and pharmacokinetic studies. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4306. [PMID: 29879756 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Pharmacy; The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan Province People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Sun
- Department of Pharmacy; The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan Province People's Republic of China
| | - Duolu Li
- Department of Pharmacy; The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan Province People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Duan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Zhengzhou Henan Province People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuolun Li
- Department of Pharmacy; The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan Province People's Republic of China
| | - Jingli Lu
- Department of Pharmacy; The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan Province People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Shi
- Department of Pharmacy; The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan Province People's Republic of China
| | - Tanye Xu
- Department of Pharmacy; The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan Province People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy; The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan Province People's Republic of China
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