1
|
An SM, Hwang JH, Kwon S, Yu GE, Park DH, Kang DG, Kim TW, Park HC, Ha J, Kim CW. Effect of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in IGFBP2 and IGFBP3 Genes on Litter Size Traits in Berkshire Pigs. Anim Biotechnol 2017; 29:301-308. [DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2017.1395345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Mi An
- Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Jung Hye Hwang
- Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Seulgi Kwon
- Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Go Eun Yu
- Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Da Hye Park
- Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Deok Gyeong Kang
- Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Tae Wan Kim
- Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, South Korea
| | | | - Jeongim Ha
- Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Chul Wook Kim
- Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Güllü G, Karabulut S, Akkiprik M. Functional roles and clinical values of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5 in different types of cancers. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2012; 31:266-80. [PMID: 22313597 PMCID: PMC3777492 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.011.10405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) are critical regulators of the mitogenic activity of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). IGFBP5, one of these IGFBPs, has special structural features, including a nuclear transport domain, heparin-binding motif, and IGF/extracellular matrix/acid-labile subunit-binding sites. Furthermore, IGFBP5 has several functional effects on carcinogenesis and even normal cell processes, such as cell growth, death, motility, and tissue remodeling. These biological effects are sometimes related with IGF (IGF-dependent effects) and sometimes not (IGF-independent effects). The functional role of IGFBP5 is most likely determined in a cell-type and tissue-type specific manner but also depends on cell context, especially in terms of the diversity of interacting proteins and the potential for nuclear localization. Clinical findings show that IGFBP5 has the potential to be a useful clinical biomarker for predicting response to therapy and clinical outcome of cancer patients. In this review, we summarize the functional diversity and clinical importance of IGFBP5 in different types of cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gökçe Güllü
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, DMarmara University, Istanbul 34468, Turkey
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Beattie J, Allan GJ, Lochrie JD, Flint DJ. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5): a critical member of the IGF axis. Biochem J 2006; 395:1-19. [PMID: 16526944 PMCID: PMC1409685 DOI: 10.1042/bj20060086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2006] [Accepted: 01/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The six members of the insulin-like growth factor-binding protein family (IGFBP-1-6) are important components of the IGF (insulin-like growth factor) axis. In this capacity, they serve to regulate the activity of both IGF-I and -II polypeptide growth factors. The IGFBPs are able to enhance or inhibit the activity of IGFs in a cell- and tissue-specific manner. One of these proteins, IGFBP-5, also has an important role in controlling cell survival, differentiation and apoptosis. In this review, we report on the structural and functional features of the protein which are important for these effects. We also examine the regulation of IGFBP-5 expression and comment on its potential role in tumour biology, with special reference to work with breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Key Words
- extracellular matrix (ecm)
- glycosaminoglycan
- insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i)
- insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (igfbp-5)
- mammary gland
- proteolysis
- adam, adisintegrin and metalloprotease
- ap-2, activator protein 2
- cat, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase
- cbp-4, c-terminus of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 4 (residues 151–232)
- c/ebp, ccaat/enhancer-binding protein
- ecm, extracellular matrix
- er, oestrogen receptor
- erk1/2, extracellular-signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2
- fhl-2, four-and-a-half lim domain 2
- gag, glycosaminoglycan
- gh, growth hormone
- igf, insulin-like growth factor
- igfbp, igf-binding protein
- igf-ir, igf-i receptor
- igf-iir, igf-ii receptor
- ir, insulin receptor
- irs, ir substrate
- mapk, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- nbp-4, n-terminus of igfbp-4 (residues 3–82)
- oe2, oestradiol
- op-1, osteogenic protein-1
- opn, osteopontin
- pai-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
- papp, pregnancy-associated plasma protease
- pge2, prostaglandin e2
- psmc, porcine smooth-muscle cell
- ra, retinoic acid
- rassf1c, isoform c of the ras association family 1 protein group
- rt, reverse transcription
- spr, surface plasmon resonance
- tpa, tissue plasminogen activator
- tsp-1, thrombospondin-1
- vn, vitronectin
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Beattie
- Hannah Research Institute, Ayr KA6 5HL, Scotland, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hintz RL. The Somatomedin Hypothesis of Growth Hormone Action. Compr Physiol 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.cp070515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
5
|
Meyer NA, Barrow RE, Herndon DN. Combined insulin-like growth factor-1 and growth hormone improves weight loss and wound healing in burned rats. THE JOURNAL OF TRAUMA 1996; 41:1008-12. [PMID: 8970554 DOI: 10.1097/00005373-199612000-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The anabolic effects of growth hormone (GH) in burned patients appear to act both directly and through insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). We, therefore, hypothesize that exogenous GH plus IGF-1 will attenuate increases in metabolism and lean muscle wasting while promoting wound healing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats, each weighing 440-470 g, were given a 35% total body surface area, full-thickness scald burn and divided into four groups to receive placebo (burned controls), bovine GH (2.5 mg/kg/day), IGF-1 (2.0 mg/kg/day), or bovine GH plus rhIGF-1 (2.5 + 2.0 mg/kg/day), respectively, for 8 weeks. RESULTS Total body weight gain after 8 weeks averaged 110 g for GH plus IGF-1 compared with gains of 49 and 11 g for GH or IGF-1 alone, respectively. Burned controls lost 24 g. Metabolic rates were significantly reduced in all groups receiving growth hormones. Gastrocnemius muscle dry weight was significantly increased in those receiving GH plus IGF-1 compared with GH and IGF-1 alone or burned controls (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS Data show that GH plus IGF-1 synergistically increased lean muscle weight, total body weight, and was more effective in re-epithelialization of the burn wound than either GH or IGF-1 alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N A Meyer
- Shriners Burn Institute, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jacob RJ, Sherwin RS, Bowen L, Fryburg D, Fagin KD, Tamborlane WV, Shulman GI. Metabolic effects of IGF-I and insulin in spontaneously diabetic BB/w rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1991; 260:E262-8. [PMID: 1996629 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1991.260.2.e262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
To examine the influence of insulin-dependent diabetes on the metabolic response to insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), awake chronically catheterized diabetic and nondiabetic BB/w rats received IGF-I (5 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) or insulin (2 mU.kg-1.min-1) for 2 h while maintaining euglycemia. In nondiabetic rats, IGF-I and insulin produced similar twofold increases in glucose uptake, but insulin was more effective in reducing hepatic glucose production (90 +/- 15 vs. 5 +/- 11%; P less than 0.001) and beta-hydroxybutyrate levels (94 +/- 1 vs. 19 +/- 6%; P less than 0.001). In diabetic rats, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was impaired (8.5 +/- 0.9 vs. 11.5 +/- 0.9 mg.kg-1.min-1 in nondiabetics; P less than 0.05). In contrast, IGF-I-stimulated glucose uptake was identical in diabetic and nondiabetic rats. Furthermore, IGF-I suppressed glucose production by 73% (P less than 0.01) and caused a greater lowering of beta-hydroxybutyrate levels (from 2.9 +/- 0.8 to 0.8 +/- 0.3 mumol/l) in diabetic rats. We conclude that 1) the capacity of IGF-I infusion to stimulate glucose uptake is maintained in spontaneously diabetic BB rats that are insulin resistant, and 2) IGF-I infusion suppresses elevated glucose production rates and plasma ketone concentrations in diabetic rats but is relatively ineffective in nondiabetic rats. Thus the metabolic responses to infused IGF-I do not appear to be diminished in diabetic rats with impaired responses to insulin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R J Jacob
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Konishi Y, Kotts CE, Bullock LD, Tou JS, Johnson DA. Fragments of bovine insulin-like growth factors I and II stimulate proliferation of rat L6 myoblast cells. Biochemistry 1989; 28:8872-7. [PMID: 2605228 DOI: 10.1021/bi00448a028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The active sites of bovine insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I and II fragments were studied. Overlapping fragments of IGF I (residues 1-25, 11-35, 21-45, 31-55, and 41-70) and of IGF II (residues 1-24, 10-34, 20-44, 30-54, and 40-67) were chemically synthesized. The activity of the fragments was measured by stimulating the proliferation of rat L6 myoblast cells. Two fragments of IGF I (residues 21-45 and 31-55) and two fragments of IGF II (residues 20-44 and 30-54) were active while the other fragments were inactive in stimulating cell proliferation. Although the activity of these fragments was observed only at a high concentration of 0.1 mM, the results imply that the active site is located around residues 31-45 for IGF I fragments and residues 30-44 for IGF II fragments. Consequently, an IGF I fragment (residues 26-50) having a five-residue extension to both the N- and C-terminal sites of residues 31-45 also stimulated the proliferation of L6 myoblast cells. Furthermore, the substitution of Ile-35 in two IGF II fragments (residues 21-45 and 31-55) by Ser inactivated these fragments. This suggests that Ile-35 is an essential residue for IGF II fragment activity. Ser-35, which was reported in the original sequencing of bovine IGF II, is incorrect in the sequence and furthermore has been consistently found to be an Ile-35 in our hands.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Konishi
- Monsanto Company, St. Louis, Missouri 63198
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Condorelli G, Formisano P, Villone G, Smith RJ, Beguinot F. Insulin and Insulin-like Growth Factor I (IGF I) Stimulate Phosphorylation of a Mr 175,000 Cytoskeleton-associated Protein in Intact FRTL5 Cells. J Biol Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)63903-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
9
|
Jacob R, Barrett E, Plewe G, Fagin KD, Sherwin RS. Acute effects of insulin-like growth factor I on glucose and amino acid metabolism in the awake fasted rat. Comparison with insulin. J Clin Invest 1989; 83:1717-23. [PMID: 2651479 PMCID: PMC303881 DOI: 10.1172/jci114072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the acute metabolic actions of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), we administered a primed (250 micrograms/kg), continuous (5 micrograms/kg.min) infusion of human recombinant (Thr 59) IGF-I or saline to awake, chronically catheterized 24-h fasted rats for 90 min. IGF-I was also infused while maintaining euglycemia (glucose clamp technique) and its effects were compared to those of insulin. IGF-I infusion caused a twofold rise in IGF-I levels and a 75-85% decrease in plasma insulin. When IGF-I alone was given, plasma glucose fell by 30-40 mg/dl (P less than 0.005) due to a transient twofold increase (P less than 0.05) in glucose uptake; hepatic glucose production and plasma FFA levels remained unchanged. IGF-I infusion with maintenance of euglycemia produced a sustained rise in glucose uptake and a marked stimulation of [3-3H]glucose incorporation into tissue glycogen, but still failed to suppress glucose production and FFA levels. IGF-I also produced a generalized 30-40% reduction in plasma amino acids, regardless of whether or not hypoglycemia was prevented. This was associated with a decrease in leucine flux and a decline in the incorporation of [1-14C]leucine into muscle and liver protein (P less than 0.05). When insulin was infused in a dosage that mimicked the rise in glucose uptake seen with IGF-I, nearly identical changes in amino acid metabolism occurred. However, insulin suppressed glucose production by 65% and FFA levels by 40% (P less than 0.001). Furthermore, insulin was less effective than IGF-I in promoting glycogen synthesis. We conclude that (a) IGF-I produces hypoglycemia by selectively enhancing glucose uptake; (b) IGF-I is relatively ineffective in suppressing hepatic glucose production or FFA levels; and (c) IGF-I, like insulin, lowers circulating amino acids by reducing protein breakdown rather than by stimulating protein synthesis. Thus, IGF-I's metabolic actions in fasted rats are readily distinguished from insulin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Jacob
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Palmer JM, Wallis M. Human growth hormone stimulates somatomedin C/insulin-like growth factor I production by the human lymphoid cell line, IM-9. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1989; 63:167-73. [PMID: 2753225 DOI: 10.1016/0303-7207(89)90093-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The human lymphoid cell line, IM-9, is known to possess receptors for human growth hormone (hGH), but the only biological response that has been shown to follow binding of this hormone to the cells is receptor down-regulation. We have studied the actions of hGH on production of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) by IM-9 cells. In order to demonstrate effects cells had to be transferred to a serum-free medium in which cell multiplication almost ceased, and cell viability fell to 50-60%. hGH stimulated IGF-I production by up to 400%. The effect was dose-related, but the dose-response curve was bimodal, with peaks of activity at approximately 15 ng/ml and 1000 ng/ml hGH. The effect of hGH was of slow onset, becoming significant only after about 24 h, and approaching a maximum after 2-5 days of treatment. hGH had a much greater stimulatory effect than non-primate growth hormones. The physiological significance of the effect observed is not yet clear, but it is apparent that the IM-9 line is a potentially useful model for study of the actions of growth hormone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Palmer
- Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, U.K
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lönnroth P, Appell KC, Wesslau C, Cushman SW, Simpson IA, Smith U. Insulin-induced subcellular redistribution of insulin-like growth factor II receptors in the rat adipose cell. Counterregulatory effects of isoproterenol, adenosine, and cAMP analogues. J Biol Chem 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)37600-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
12
|
|
13
|
Mulholland MW, Debas HT. Central nervous system inhibition of pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion by insulin-like growth factor II. Life Sci 1988; 42:2091-6. [PMID: 3386394 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(88)90122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The ability of intracisternal insulin-like growth factor II (IGF II) to inhibit gastric acid secretion was studied in rats. Centrally-administered IGF II dose-dependently inhibited acid secretion stimulated by pentagastrin. The effect was abolished by vagotomy. IGF II did not inhibit acid secretion stimulated by histamine or PCP-GABA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M W Mulholland
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lönnroth P, Assmundsson K, Edén S, Enberg G, Gause I, Hall K, Smith U. Regulation of insulin-like growth factor II receptors by growth hormone and insulin in rat adipocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1987; 84:3619-22. [PMID: 2954159 PMCID: PMC304926 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.84.11.3619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The acute and long-term effects of growth hormone (GH) on the binding of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) were evaluated in adipose cells from hypophysectomized rats given replacement therapy with thyroxine and hydrocortisone and in cells from their sham-operated littermates. After the cells were incubated with insulin and/or GH, the recycling of IGF-II receptors was metabolically inhibited by treating the cells with KCN. IGF-II binding was 100 +/- 20% higher in cells from GH-deficient animals when compared with sham-operated controls. These GH-deficient cells also showed an increased sensitivity for insulin as compared with control cells (the EC50 for insulin was 0.06 ng/ml in GH-deficient cells and 0.3 ng/ml in control cells). However, the maximal incremental effect of insulin on IGF-II binding was reduced approximately 27% by hypophysectomy. GH added to the incubation medium increased the number of IGF-II binding sites by 100 +/- 18% in cells from hypophysectomized animals. This increase was rapidly induced (t1/2, approximately 10 min), but the time course was slower than that for the stimulatory effect of insulin. Half-maximal effect of GH on IGF-II binding was obtained at approximately equal to 10 ng/ml. Thus, GH added in vitro exerted a rapid insulin-like effect on the number of IGF-II receptors. GH also appears to play a regulating role for maintaining the cellular number of IGF-II receptors and, in addition, modulates the stimulatory effect of insulin on IGF-II binding.
Collapse
|
15
|
Mottola C, MacDonald RG, Brackett JL, Mole JE, Anderson JK, Czech MP. Purification and amino-terminal sequence of an insulin-like growth factor-binding protein secreted by rat liver BRL-3A cells. J Biol Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)67365-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
16
|
Bar RS, Boes M, Sandra A. Receptors for insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in myocardial capillary endothelium of the intact perfused heart. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1985; 133:724-30. [PMID: 3002356 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(85)90964-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Isolated intact, beating hearts were perfused with HPLC-pure [125]-IGF-I (1 ng/ml) alone or [125]-IGF-I (1 ng/ml) plus varying concentrations of unlabeled IGF-I (10-3,000 ng/ml) or unlabeled insulin (1,000-100,000 ng/ml). After 1 min of perfusion with peptides, the hearts were rapidly fixed, sectioned and analyzed for radioautographic [125I] grain counts. Greater than 90% of [125I] grains were shown to represent intact [125I]-IGF. Maximal grain counts over capillaries occurred after perfusion with [125I]-IGF-I alone and decreased in a dose-dependent manner when unlabeled IGF-I was coperfused. Coperfusion of [125I]-IGF-I with unlabeled insulin also decreased 125I grains over capillaries but less potently than unlabeled IGF-I. EM radioautography demonstrated that [125I]-IGF-I grains were localized over capillary endothelial cells. Thus, specific IGF-I receptors are present in the capillary endothelium of the intact heart and have properties similar to IGF-I receptors in cultured capillary endothelial cells.
Collapse
|
17
|
Beguinot F, Kahn CR, Moses AC, Smith RJ. Distinct biologically active receptors for insulin, insulin-like growth factor I, and insulin-like growth factor II in cultured skeletal muscle cells. J Biol Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)36342-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
18
|
Cynober L, Aussel C, Chatelain P, Vaubourdolle M, Agneray J, Ekindjian OG. Insulin-like growth factor I/somatomedin C action on 2-deoxyglucose and alpha-amino isobutyrate uptake in chick embryo fibroblasts. Biochimie 1985; 67:1185-90. [PMID: 3907720 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(85)80118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Maximum 125I-IGF-I/Sm-C total binding to chick embryo fibroblasts was 3% at +37 degrees C and decreased to less than 1% in presence of 2.8 X 10(-9) M unlabelled IGF-I/Sm-C. Insulin did not compete with IGF-I/Sm-C for the binding to cells. Biological action of IGF-I/Sm-C was evaluated on 2-deoxyglucose and alpha-aminoisobutyrate uptake. Results are compared with those obtained with insulin. Maximal peptide effects on the two transport processes were obtained at a 0.65 X 10(-7) M concentration and for a 120 minute association time, whereas cells were markedly less sensitive to insulin and time response curves were different. These results suggest that insulin action on nutrient uptake in chick embryo fibroblasts is not mediated by the binding of the hormone to IGF-I/Sm-C receptors.
Collapse
|
19
|
Castor CW, Cabral AR. Growth factors in human disease: the realities, pitfalls, and promise. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1985; 15:33-44. [PMID: 3898375 DOI: 10.1016/0049-0172(85)90008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
20
|
Florini JR, Ewton DZ, Evinger-Hodges MJ, Falen SL, Lau RL, Regan JF, Vertel BM. Stimulation and inhibition of myoblast differentiation by hormones. IN VITRO 1984; 20:942-58. [PMID: 6397421 DOI: 10.1007/bf02619668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The growth and differentiation of L6 myoblasts are subject to control by two proteins secreted by cells of the Buffalo rat liver line. The first of these, rat insulinlike growth factor-II (formerly designated multiplication stimulating activity) is a potent stimulator of myoblast proliferation and differentiation, as well as associated processes such as amino acid uptake and incorporation into protein, RNA synthesis, and thymidine incorporation into DNA. In addition, this hormone causes a significant decrease in the rate of protein degradation. All of these actions seem to be attributable to a single molecular species, although their time courses and sensitivity to the hormone differ substantially. The second protein, the differentiation inhibitor (DI), is a nonmitogenic inhibitor of all tested aspects of myoblast differentiation, including fusion and the elevation of creatine kinase. Indirect immunofluorescence experiments demonstrated that DI also blocks accumulation of myosin heavy chain and myomesin. Upon removal of DI after 72 h incubation, all of these effects were reversed and normal myotubes containing the usual complement of muscle-specific proteins were formed. Thus, this system makes it possible to achieve specific stimulation or inhibition of muscle cell differentiation by addition of purified proteins to cloned cells in serum-free medium.
Collapse
|
21
|
Benya PD, Jaffe S, Raffo A. The capacity of chondrocytes to respond to serum is enhanced by organ culture in the absence of serum, stimulated by serum, and modified by ascorbate. Arch Biochem Biophys 1984; 232:323-36. [PMID: 6742856 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(84)90548-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage slices maintained in organ culture have been shown to develop an enhanced capacity to respond to serum. The response was measured at the initiation of culture and after 3 and 7 days of culture in medium containing an inhibitor of DNA synthesis and 0, 1, or 16% serum. At these times, cartilage slices were washed to remove serum and inhibitor, and then exposed to various concentrations of serum for evaluation of DNA and proteoglycan synthesis. The range of the derived dose-response curves and the indicated sensitivity to low serum concentrations were the parameters used to evaluate the response capacity. Response capacity increased gradually, reaching a maximum after 8 days of culture. Considerable enhancement was obtained after maintenance in the absence of serum using both DNA and proteoglycan synthesis as markers. Additional, graded enhancement of response capacity was obtained when the cartilage slices were maintained in 1 or 16% serum. The effects of maintenance in serum were much greater when DNA synthesis rather than proteoglycan synthesis was used to measure the response. However, this serum-dependent enhancement was only prominent when ascorbate was present during the dose-response assay. Ascorbate caused a similar but less-marked increase in sensitivity to serum when proteoglycan synthesis was measured. The possibility that ascorbate may function as a cofactor during the progression phase of cell proliferation is discussed.
Collapse
|
22
|
Oka Y, Mottola C, Oppenheimer CL, Czech MP. Insulin activates the appearance of insulin-like growth factor II receptors on the adipocyte cell surface. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1984; 81:4028-32. [PMID: 6330732 PMCID: PMC345361 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.81.13.4028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the mechanism of insulin action to increase rat 125I-labeled insulin-like growth factor II (125I-IGF-II) binding to rat adipocytes, we raised a potent rabbit antiserum against purified IGF-II receptors from rat placental membranes. The antiserum elicited a positive reaction at a 1:5000 dilution against purified IGF-II receptor in an ELISA and markedly inhibited 125I-IGF-II binding to adipocyte plasma membranes when added prior to the growth factor. Immunoprecipitation lines formed between agar plate wells containing antiserum versus IGF-II receptor, both in the presence and absence of 1 microM IGF-II, indicating that binding of anti-receptor Ig to the IGF-II receptor is not affected by occupancy of the IGF-II binding site. Intact adipocytes treated with or without insulin were incubated with anti-IGF-II receptor Ig, washed, and further incubated with 125I-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG to monitor the amount of anti-receptor Ig bound. Insulin induced parallel increases in anti-IGF-II receptor Ig binding (2.4-fold) and 125I-IGF-II binding (3-fold) to the isolated cells. The dose-response relationship of insulin action on 125I-IGF-II binding and anti-receptor Ig binding was essentially identical with a half-maximal effect at approximately 0.07 nM insulin. That insulin does not act to expose new types of antigenic sites on IGF-II receptors was indicated by the demonstration that control adipocytes could readily adsorb the anti-receptor Ig. These data demonstrate that increased numbers of IGF-II receptors are displayed in an exposed position on the adipocyte cell surface in response to insulin.
Collapse
|
23
|
Kohtz DS, Waksal SD. Growth factors and leukemogenesis. A role for biological mimicry in biological transformation. SURVEY OF IMMUNOLOGIC RESEARCH 1984; 3:34-8. [PMID: 6326235 DOI: 10.1007/bf02918595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
24
|
Nissley SP, Rechler MM. Somatomedin/insulin-like growth factor tissue receptors. CLINICS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 1984; 13:43-67. [PMID: 6202447 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-595x(84)80008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
There are two types of Sm/IGF receptors based on results of competitive binding experiments and investigations of receptor structure. The type I receptor preferentially interacts with IGF I rather than IGF II and interacts weakly with insulin. This receptor has a binding subunit of Mr = 130 000 which is disulphide bonded to form larger structures of Mr greater than 300 000. The type II receptor prefers IGF II to IGF I and does not interact with insulin. Its binding subunit is not linked by disulphide bonds to other membrane components (Mr = 260 000 with reduction, 220 000 without reduction). Subunit organization of the type I receptor appears to be similar to that of the insulin receptor but it is unlikely that the insulin and Sm/IGF binding sites are on a common alpha subunit. The type I receptor is down-regulated by IGFs and insulin. A rapid increase in ligand binding to the type II receptor by insulin has been described in intact rat adipocytes. The original idea that an IGF receptor mediates the growth-promoting action of both IGFs and insulin while acute metabolic effects of insulin and IGFs are mediated by the insulin receptor is an oversimplification . There now are clear examples of insulin stimulating growth by acting through the insulin receptor and, conversely, instances of IGF stimulating glucose transport by acting through an IGF receptor. Radioreceptor assays which measure IGF I in preference to IGF II (human placental membrane) and which measure IGF II in preference to IGF I (rat liver and rat placental membranes) have been utilized for clinical measurements of Sm/IGF levels, but are less specific than the respective radioimmunoassays. With the demonstration of Sm/IGF receptors on circulating human mononuclear cells and human skin fibroblasts, it is expected that these systems will be useful for investigations of patients with possible end-organ resistance to Sm/IGF.
Collapse
|
25
|
Zapf J, Schmid C, Froesch ER. Biological and immunological properties of insulin-like growth factors (IGF) I and II. CLINICS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 1984; 13:3-30. [PMID: 6202445 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-595x(84)80006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
26
|
The type I insulin-like growth factor receptor mediates the rapid effects of multiplication-stimulating activity on membrane transport systems in rat soleus muscle. J Biol Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)43264-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
27
|
|
28
|
Barbieri RL, Makris A, Ryan KJ. Effects of insulin on steroidogenesis in cultured porcine ovarian theca**Supported in part by Biomedical Research Support grant 2-S07-RR05481-10 and United States Public Health Service grant HD07923. Fertil Steril 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)47243-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
29
|
August GP, Nissley SP, Kasuga M, Lee L, Greenstein L, Rechler MM. Purification of an insulin-like growth factor II receptor from rat chondrosarcoma cells. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)44625-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
30
|
Blackshear PJ, Nemenoff RA, Avruch J. Insulin and growth factors stimulate the phosphorylation of a Mr-22000 protein in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biochem J 1983; 214:11-9. [PMID: 6311174 PMCID: PMC1152204 DOI: 10.1042/bj2140011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Insulin, epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor, multiplication-stimulating activity and 10% foetal-calf serum each stimulated the phosphorylation of a cytosolic Mr-22000 acidic heat-stable protein in Swiss mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Phosphorylation of this protein was not stimulated by isoprenaline or dibutyryl cyclic AMP. The effect of insulin was maximal (3-fold increase) by 10 min; half-maximal stimulation was observed at 70 pM-insulin. Both [32P]phosphoserine and [32P]phosphothreonine residues were present in the Mr-22000 protein after insulin- and growth-factor-stimulated phosphorylation, but no [32P]phosphotyrosine. The major site of insulin- and EGF-stimulated phosphorylation appeared to be a threonine residue, in contrast with previously studied insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of serine residues. Insulin treatment appeared to result in a shift of the protein toward the anode on isoelectric focusing. Insulin and EGF present simultaneously did not lead to phosphorylation beyond that seen with each hormone singly. We surmise that insulin, EGF and perhaps other growth factors may activate a common protein kinase or inhibit a common protein phosphatase in 3T3-L1 adipocytes which acts on the Mr-22000 protein.
Collapse
|
31
|
DiCorleto PE, Gajdusek CM, Schwartz SM, Ross R. Biochemical properties of the endothelium-derived growth factor: comparison to other growth factors. J Cell Physiol 1983; 114:339-45. [PMID: 6601108 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041140313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
32
|
|
33
|
Herington AC, Cornell HJ, Kuffer AD. Recent advances in the biochemistry and physiology of the insulin-like growth factor/somatomedin family. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1983; 15:1201-10. [PMID: 6313443 DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(83)90208-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factors (IGF) or somatomedins (Sm) are a family of low molecular weight circulating growth factors which have a major, but not absolute, dependence on GH, and have been shown to stimulate body growth and skeletal metabolism in vivo. They are thus considered to mediate the effects of GH on skeletal growth. In humans, the family consists of two well-characterized forms--IGF-I or SmC (a basic peptide) and IGF-II (a "neutral" peptide)--as well as perhaps two less well characterized forms--SmA (a neutral peptide) and an acidic insulin-like activity (ILA pI 4.8). Similar IGF/Sm species have been found and well-characterized in rat serum. Some higher mol wt forms also exist in tissues and body fluids and may represent possible precursor forms. On the basis of in vitro, clinical and in vivo evidence it has been postulated that IGF-I is the primary growth factor in the adult, whilst IGF-II is probably a major foetal growth factor. In vitro the IGF/Sms have a variety of effects including (1) acute insulin-like metabolic actions, which are observed primarily in insulin target tissues and are initiated largely at insulin receptors, and (2) longer term effects, associated with cell growth and skeletal tissue metabolism, and which occur in traditionally non-insulin target tissues, primarily via IGF/Sm receptors. These observations, together with the circumstantial clinical evidence favouring a close association between IGF levels and growth status, clearly indicate a role for IGF/Sms in growth regulation. This concept is now fully supported by the demonstration that IGF-I infused into hypophysectomized (GH-deficient) rats results in increased growth and skeletal metabolism. The physiological regulation of the expression of net IGF activity in vivo is complex and is controlled by the following three determinants: the levels of IGFs, the levels of the specific carrier-proteins and the levels of IGF inhibitors. Both IGFs and their carrier-proteins are influenced by the GH status of the animal as well as by other hormones, nutritional status and chronic illness. Little is known yet about the control of the various IGF inhibitors that have been described. Of importance, however, is the general concept that normal growth is dependent on an adequate balance between all three determinants and that some regard must be had for the contribution of each in determining the overall potential for growth under given circumstances.
Collapse
|
34
|
|
35
|
Giss B, Antoniou J, Smith G, Brumbaugh J. A method for culturing chick melanocytes: the effect of BRL-3A cell conditioning and related additives. IN VITRO 1982; 18:817-26. [PMID: 6757108 DOI: 10.1007/bf02796322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A method for growing chick embryo melanocytes is described that utilizes medium conditioned by Buffalo Rat liver (BRL-3A) cells. The dissected trunk region of each 72 h (Stages 14 to 19) embryo produces approximately 200,000 melanocytes (purity, 80%) when processed and cultured for 8 d. Thus, a typical experiment involving 20 embryos would produce a total of 4 x 10(6) melanocytes. Choice of serum, serum concentration, and cell density were determined experimentally. Partially purified multiplication stimulating activity (MSA) from BRL-3A cells and insulin were also tested as medium additives. MSA was not stimulatory, whereas insulin gave a positive response in 2% but not 10 or 0% serum. The final protocol used a modified F12 medium with 10% bovine calf serum conditioned by BRL-3A cells. Cultures were fed every other day. Small colonies of cells became evident by culture Day 3 and increased rapidly to Day 5 when pigmentation became obvious. Colony size continued to increase but more slowly from Days 5 to 8, whereas pigmentation increased rapidly and maximized on Day 8. There is a factor, or factors, present in BRL-3A conditioned medium that stimulates embryonic chick melanocytes to divide preferentially over contaminating cell types. This results in cultures that can provide adequate numbers and purity for biochemical studies.
Collapse
|
36
|
King GL, Kahn CR, Samuels B, Danho W, Bullesbach EE, Gattner HG. Synthesis and characterization of molecular hybrids of insulin and insulin-like growth factor I. The role of the A-chain extension peptide. J Biol Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)33905-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
37
|
Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 25-1982. Amenorrhea, virilization, and hyperpigmentation in a 15-year-old girl. N Engl J Med 1982; 306:1537-44. [PMID: 7078609 DOI: 10.1056/nejm198206243062507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
38
|
Kasuga M, Van Obberghen E, Nissley SP, Rechler MM. Structure of the insulin-like growth factor receptor in chicken embryo fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1982; 79:1864-8. [PMID: 6281789 PMCID: PMC346081 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.79.6.1864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and insulin stimulate DNA synthesis and cell multiplication in chicken embryo fibroblasts in culture. This response appears to be mediated by interaction with a single type of IGF receptor. The present study examines the subunit structure of this receptor by covalently crosslinking two 125I-labeled IGFs, IGF-I and multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA), to chicken embryo fibroblasts by using disuccinimidyl suberate. After solubilization, NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and autoradiography, IGF receptor complexes of appropriate specificity were identified; they had Mr approximately 130,000 (major band) and approximately 260,000 (minor band) under reducing conditions and Mr greater than 300,000 without disulfide reduction. The proportion of the Mr 260,000 component increased with increasing concentration of crosslinking agent, suggesting that it was formed from smaller proteins during the crosslinking procedure. The IGF receptor in chicken embryo fibroblasts resembles the insulin receptor in size and structure but can be distinguished by a higher affinity for IGF-I and MSA than for insulin. Although IGF receptors with different structure and specificity have been recognized in other tissues, the function of these binding sites is unknown. The present study demonstrates that the IGF receptor of chicken embryo fibroblasts that appears to mediate the growth-promoting effects of the IGFs contains a Mr approximately 130,000 binding subunit and exists as a native receptor complex of Mr greater than 300,000.
Collapse
|
39
|
Van Obberghen-Schilling EE, Rechler MM, Romanus JA, Knight AB, Nissley SP, Humbel RE. Receptors for insulinlike growth factor I are defective in fibroblasts cultured from a patient with leprechaunism. J Clin Invest 1981; 68:1356-65. [PMID: 6271812 PMCID: PMC370932 DOI: 10.1172/jci110383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously have demonstrated that fibroblasts from a patient with leprechaunism exhibited markedly decreased insulin binding to insulin receptors and that the ability of insulin to stimulate glucose incorporation in the patient's cells was greatly impaired. In addition, the insulinlike growth factor, multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA), also exhibited an impaired ability to stimulate glucose incorporation in the patient's fibroblasts, although in normal fibroblasts this response appears to be mediated by an insulinlike growth factor receptor. The present study examines 125I-labeled insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-I) binding to patient's and control fibroblasts. 125I-labeled IGF-I binds to a specific IGF-I receptor in normal fibroblasts. At steady state, binding was inhibited by unlabeled IGF-I, IGF-II, MSA III-2, MSA II, insulin, and proinsulin, in order of potency, but not by high concentrations of epidermal growth factor and human growth hormone, chemically unrelated polypeptides 125I-labeled IGF-I binding to patient's cells was decreased by approximately 75%, whereas binding of epidermal growth factor to its cell surface receptors was unaffected. Computer curve-fitting of untransformed equilibrium binding data suggests that the decreased binding resulted from a decreased Ka for IGF-I. The ability of the patient's IGF-I receptor to recognize insulin also appears to be altered. Impaired IGF-I binding by the leprechaun patient's fibroblasts may contribute to the abnormal biological response to insulinlike growth factors observed in vitro and to the in utero growth retardation.
Collapse
|