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Ji W, Ma J, Zheng Z, Al-Herrawy AZ, Xie B, Wu D. Algae blooms with resistance in fresh water: Potential interplay between Microcystis and antibiotic resistance genes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 940:173528. [PMID: 38802023 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Microcystis, a type of cyanobacteria known for producing microcystins (MCs), is experiencing a global increase in blooms. They have been recently recognized as potential contributors to the widespread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). By reviewing approximately 150 pieces of recent studies, a hypothesis has been formulated suggesting that significant fluctuations in MCs concentrations and microbial community structure during Microcystis blooms could influence the dynamics of waterborne ARGs. Among all MCs, microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is the most widely distributed worldwide, notably abundant in reservoirs during summer. MCs inhibit protein phosphatases or increase reactive oxygen species (ROS), inducing oxidative stresses, enhancing membrane permeability, and causing DNA damage. This further enhances selective pressures and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) chances of ARGs. The mechanisms by which Microcystis regulates ARG dissemination have been systematically organized for the first time, focusing on the secretion of MCs and the alterations of bacterial community structure. However, several knowledge gaps remain, particularly concerning how MCs interfere with the electron transport chain and how Microcystis facilitates HGT of ARGs. Concurrently, the predominance of Microcystis forming the algal microbial aggregates is considered a hotspot for preserving and transferring ARGs. Yet, Microcystis can deplete the nutrients from other taxa within these aggregates, thereby reducing the density of ARG-carrying bacteria. Therefore, further studies are needed to explore the 'symbiotic - competitive' relationships between Microcystis and ARG-hosting bacteria under varied nutrient conditions. Addressing these knowledge gaps is crucial to understand the impacts of the algal aggregates on dynamics of waterborne antibiotic resistome, and underscores the need for effective control of Microcystis to curb the spread of antibiotic resistance. Constructed wetlands and photocatalysis represent advantageous strategies for halting the spread of ARGs from the perspective of Microcystis blooms, as they can effectively control Microcystis and MCs while maintaining the stability of aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Ji
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Jingkai Ma
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Zhipeng Zheng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Ahmad Z Al-Herrawy
- Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Bing Xie
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing 401120, China.
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Krausfeldt LE, Shmakova E, Lee HW, Mazzei V, Loftin KA, Smith RP, Karwacki E, Fortman PE, Rosen BH, Urakawa H, Dadlani M, Colwell RR, Lopez JV. Microbial diversity, genomics, and phage-host interactions of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms. mSystems 2024; 9:e0070923. [PMID: 38856205 PMCID: PMC11265339 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00709-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) is related to their physical and chemical environment. However, less is known about their associated microbial interactions and processes. In this study, cyanoHABs were analyzed as a microbial ecosystem, using 1 year of 16S rRNA sequencing and 70 metagenomes collected during the bloom season from Lake Okeechobee (Florida, USA). Biogeographical patterns observed in microbial community composition and function reflected ecological zones distinct in their physical and chemical parameters that resulted in bloom "hotspots" near major lake inflows. Changes in relative abundances of taxa within multiple phyla followed increasing bloom severity. Functional pathways that correlated with increasing bloom severity encoded organic nitrogen and phosphorus utilization, storage of nutrients, exchange of genetic material, phage defense, and protection against oxidative stress, suggesting that microbial interactions may promote cyanoHAB resilience. Cyanobacterial communities were highly diverse, with picocyanobacteria ubiquitous and oftentimes most abundant, especially in the absence of blooms. The identification of novel bloom-forming cyanobacteria and genomic comparisons indicated a functionally diverse cyanobacterial community with differences in its capability to store nitrogen using cyanophycin and to defend against phage using CRISPR and restriction-modification systems. Considering blooms in the context of a microbial ecosystem and their interactions in nature, physiologies and interactions supporting the proliferation and stability of cyanoHABs are proposed, including a role for phage infection of picocyanobacteria. This study displayed the power of "-omics" to reveal important biological processes that could support the effective management and prediction of cyanoHABs. IMPORTANCE Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms pose a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Although physical and chemical conditions in aquatic systems that facilitate bloom development are well studied, there are fundamental gaps in the biological understanding of the microbial ecosystem that makes a cyanobacterial bloom. High-throughput sequencing was used to determine the drivers of cyanobacteria blooms in nature. Multiple functions and interactions important to consider in cyanobacterial bloom ecology were identified. The microbial biodiversity of blooms revealed microbial functions, genomic characteristics, and interactions between cyanobacterial populations that could be involved in bloom stability and more coherently define cyanobacteria blooms. Our results highlight the importance of considering cyanobacterial blooms as a microbial ecosystem to predict, prevent, and mitigate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Krausfeldt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Guy Harvey Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, Florida, USA
| | - Elizaveta Shmakova
- Department of Biological Sciences, Guy Harvey Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, Florida, USA
| | - Hyo Won Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Guy Harvey Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, Florida, USA
| | - Viviana Mazzei
- U.S. Geological Survey, Caribbean–Florida Water Science Center, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Keith A. Loftin
- U.S. Geological Survey, Kansas Water Science Center, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Robert P. Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Guy Harvey Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, Florida, USA
- Cell Therapy Institute, Kiran Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Emily Karwacki
- U.S. Geological Survey, Caribbean–Florida Water Science Center, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - P. Eric Fortman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Guy Harvey Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, Florida, USA
| | - Barry H. Rosen
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
| | - Hidetoshi Urakawa
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
| | | | - Rita R. Colwell
- Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Jose V. Lopez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Guy Harvey Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, Florida, USA
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Le VV, Tran QG, Ko SR, Oh HM, Ahn CY. Insights into cyanobacterial blooms through the lens of omics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173028. [PMID: 38723963 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are oxygen-producing photosynthetic bacteria that convert carbon dioxide into biomass upon exposure to sunlight. However, favorable conditions cause harmful cyanobacterial blooms (HCBs), which are the dense accumulation of biomass at the water surface or subsurface, posing threats to freshwater ecosystems and human health. Understanding the mechanisms underlying cyanobacterial bloom formation is crucial for effective management. In this regard, recent advancements in omics technologies have provided valuable insights into HCBs, which have raised expectations to develop more effective control methods in the near future. This literature review aims to present the genomic architecture, adaptive mechanisms, microbial interactions, and ecological impacts of HCBs through the lens of omics. Genomic analysis indicates that the genome plasticity of cyanobacteria has enabled their resilience and effective adaptation to environmental changes. Transcriptomic investigations have revealed that cyanobacteria use various strategies for adapting to environmental stress. Additionally, metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses have emphasized the significant role of the microbial community in regulating HCBs. Finally, we offer perspectives on potential opportunities for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ve Van Le
- Cell factory Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | | | - So-Ra Ko
- Cell factory Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Mock Oh
- Cell factory Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Yong Ahn
- Cell factory Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Yang C, Ding M, Hou K, Feng J, Li X, Pan X, Yang C, Zhang X, Guo J, Dai X. Dissolved organic matter, calcium ion and extracellular polymeric substances on living associated bacteria of Microcystis colony are crucial for unicellular Microcystis to efficiently form colonies. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134352. [PMID: 38677120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Microcystis typically forms colonies under natural conditions, which contributes to occurrence and prevalence of algal blooms. The colonies consist of Microcystis and associated bacteria (AB), embedded in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Previous studies indicate that AB can induce Microcystis to form colonies, however the efficiency is generally low and results in a uniform morphotype. In this study, by using filtrated natural water, several AB strains induced unicellular M. aeruginosa to form colonies resembling several Microcystis morphotypes. The mechanisms were investigated with Methylobacterium sp. Z5. Ca2+ was necessary for Z5 to induce Microcystis to form colonies, while dissolved organic matters (DOM) facilitated AB to agglomerate Microcystis to form large colonies. EPS of living Z5, mainly the aromatic protein components, played a key role in colony induction. Z5 initially aggregated Microcystis via the bridging effects of Ca2+ and DOM, followed by the induction of EPS synthesis and secretion in Microcystis. In this process, the colony forming mode shifted from cell adhesion to a combination of cell adhesion and cell division. Intriguingly, Z5 drove the genomic rearrangement of Microcystis by upregulating some transposase genes. This study unveiled a novel mechanism about Microcystis colony formation and identified a new driver of Microcystis genomic evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource Development for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mengyue Ding
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource Development for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Kaiyu Hou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource Development for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Junzhou Feng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource Development for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xu Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource Development for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaoyi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou 313001, China
| | - Caiyun Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource Development for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource Development for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jianlin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou 313001, China
| | - Xianzhu Dai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource Development for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; National Base of International S&T Collaboration on Water Environmental Monitoring and Simulation in TGR Region (WEMST), 400716 Chongqing, China.
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Cai H, McLimans CJ, Jiang H, Chen F, Krumholz LR, Hambright KD. Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs play important roles in nutrient cycling within cyanobacterial Microcystis bloom microbiomes. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:88. [PMID: 38741135 PMCID: PMC11089705 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01801-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the bloom season, the colonial cyanobacterium Microcystis forms complex aggregates which include a diverse microbiome within an exopolymer matrix. Early research postulated a simple mutualism existing with bacteria benefitting from the rich source of fixed carbon and Microcystis receiving recycled nutrients. Researchers have since hypothesized that Microcystis aggregates represent a community of synergistic and interacting species, an interactome, each with unique metabolic capabilities that are critical to the growth, maintenance, and demise of Microcystis blooms. Research has also shown that aggregate-associated bacteria are taxonomically different from free-living bacteria in the surrounding water. Moreover, research has identified little overlap in functional potential between Microcystis and members of its microbiome, further supporting the interactome concept. However, we still lack verification of general interaction and know little about the taxa and metabolic pathways supporting nutrient and metabolite cycling within Microcystis aggregates. RESULTS During a 7-month study of bacterial communities comparing free-living and aggregate-associated bacteria in Lake Taihu, China, we found that aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic (AAP) bacteria were significantly more abundant within Microcystis aggregates than in free-living samples, suggesting a possible functional role for AAP bacteria in overall aggregate community function. We then analyzed gene composition in 102 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of bloom-microbiome bacteria from 10 lakes spanning four continents, compared with 12 complete Microcystis genomes which revealed that microbiome bacteria and Microcystis possessed complementary biochemical pathways that could serve in C, N, S, and P cycling. Mapping published transcripts from Microcystis blooms onto a comprehensive AAP and non-AAP bacteria MAG database (226 MAGs) indicated that observed high levels of expression of genes involved in nutrient cycling pathways were in AAP bacteria. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide strong corroboration of the hypothesized Microcystis interactome and the first evidence that AAP bacteria may play an important role in nutrient cycling within Microcystis aggregate microbiomes. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyuan Cai
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, USA
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Helong Jiang
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, USA
| | - Lee R Krumholz
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, USA
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Yang S, Zuo J, Grossart HP, Dai G, Liu J, Song L, Gan N. Evaluating microcystinase A-based approach on microcystins degradation during harvested cyanobacterial blooms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 348:123878. [PMID: 38548158 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Addressing notorious and worldwide Microcystis blooms, mechanical algae harvesting is an effective emergency technology for bloom mitigation and removal of nutrient loads in waterbodies. However, the absence of effective methods for removal of cyanobacterial toxins, e.g., microcystins (MCs), poses a challenge to recycle the harvested Microcystis biomass. In this study, we therefore introduced a novel approach, the "captured biomass-MlrA enzymatic MC degradation", by enriching microcystinase A (MlrA) via fermentation and spraying it onto salvaged Microcystis slurry to degrade all MCs. After storing the harvested Microcystis slurry, a rapid release of extracellular MCs occurred within the initial 8 h, reaching a peak concentration of 5.33 μg/mL at 48 h during the composting process. Upon spraying the recombinant MlrA crude extract (about 3.36 U) onto the Microcystis slurry in a ratio of 0.1% (v/v), over 95% of total MCs were degraded within a 24-h period. Importantly, we evaluated the reliability and safety of using MlrA extracts to degrade MCs. Results showed that organic matter/nutrient contents, e.g. soluble proteins, polysaccharides, phycocyanin and carotenoids, were not significantly altered. Furthermore, the addition of MlrA extracts did not significantly change the bacterial community composition and diversity in the Microcystis slurry, indicating that the MlrA extracts did not increase the risk of pathogenic bacteria. Our study provides an effective and promising method for the pre-treatment of harvested Microcystis biomass, highlighting an ecologically sustainable framework for addressing Microcystis blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Yang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jun Zuo
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Institute for Eco-Environmental Research of Sanyang Wetland, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Hans-Peter Grossart
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries IGB, Stechlin, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Guofei Dai
- Jiangxi Academy of Water Science and Engineering, Nanchang, 330029, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lirong Song
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Nanqin Gan
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Liu F, Gaul L, Giometto A, Wu M. A high throughput array microhabitat platform reveals how light and nitrogen colimit the growth of algal cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9860. [PMID: 38684720 PMCID: PMC11058252 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59041-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
A mechanistic understanding of algal growth is essential for maintaining a sustainable environment in an era of climate change and population expansion. It is known that algal growth is tightly controlled by complex interactive physical and chemical conditions. Many mathematical models have been proposed to describe the relation of algal growth and environmental parameters, but experimental verification has been difficult due to the lack of tools to measure cell growth under precise physical and chemical conditions. As such, current models depend on the specific testing systems, and the fitted growth kinetic constants vary widely for the same organisms in the existing literature. Here, we present a microfluidic platform where both light intensity and nutrient gradients can be well controlled for algal cell growth studies. In particular, light shading is avoided, a common problem in macroscale assays. Our results revealed that light and nitrogen colimit the growth of algal cells, with each contributing a Monod growth kinetic term in a multiplicative model. We argue that the microfluidic platform can lead towards a general culture system independent algal growth model with systematic screening of many environmental parameters. Our work advances technology for algal cell growth studies and provides essential information for future bioreactor designs and ecological predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangchen Liu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Larissa Gaul
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Giometto
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Mingming Wu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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Reignier O, Bormans M, Hervé F, Robert E, Savar V, Tanniou S, Amzil Z, Noël C, Briand E. Spatio-temporal connectivity of a toxic cyanobacterial community and its associated microbiome along a freshwater-marine continuum. HARMFUL ALGAE 2024; 134:102627. [PMID: 38705620 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2024.102627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Due to climate changes and eutrophication, blooms of predominantly toxic freshwater cyanobacteria are intensifying and are likely to colonize estuaries, thus impacting benthic organisms and shellfish farming representing a major ecological, health and economic risk. In the natural environment, Microcystis form large mucilaginous colonies that influence the development of both cyanobacterial and embedded bacterial communities. However, little is known about the fate of natural colonies of Microcystis by salinity increase. In this study, we monitored the fate of a Microcystis dominated bloom and its microbiome along a French freshwater-marine gradient at different phases of a bloom. We demonstrated changes in the cyanobacterial genotypic composition, in the production of specific metabolites (toxins and compatible solutes) and in the heterotrophic bacteria structure in response to the salinity increase. In particular M. aeruginosa and M. wesenbergii survived salinities up to 20. Based on microcystin gene abundance, the cyanobacteria became more toxic during their estuarine transfer but with no selection of specific microcystin variants. An increase in compatible solutes occurred along the continuum with extensive trehalose and betaine accumulations. Salinity structured most the heterotrophic bacteria community, with an increased in the richness and diversity along the continuum. A core microbiome in the mucilage-associated attached fraction was highly abundant suggesting a strong interaction between Microcystis and its microbiome and a likely protecting role of the mucilage against an osmotic shock. These results underline the need to better determine the interactions between the Microcystis colonies and their microbiome as a likely key to their widespread success and adaptation to various environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Myriam Bormans
- UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, University of Rennes 1, Rennes F-35042, France
| | - Fabienne Hervé
- IFREMER, PHYTOX, Laboratoire METALG, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Elise Robert
- IFREMER, PHYTOX, Laboratoire GENALG, Nantes F-44000, France
| | | | - Simon Tanniou
- IFREMER, PHYTOX, Laboratoire METALG, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Zouher Amzil
- IFREMER, PHYTOX, Laboratoire METALG, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Cyril Noël
- IFREMER, IRSI - Service de Bioinformatique (SeBiMER), Plouzané, France
| | - Enora Briand
- IFREMER, PHYTOX, Laboratoire GENALG, Nantes F-44000, France.
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Piccini C, Martínez de la Escalera G, Segura AM, Croci C, Kruk C. The Microcystis-microbiome interactions: origins of the colonial lifestyle. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiae035. [PMID: 38499447 PMCID: PMC10996927 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Species of the Microcystis genus are the most common bloom-forming toxic cyanobacteria worldwide. They belong to a clade of unicellular cyanobacteria whose ability to reach high biomasses during blooms is linked to the formation of colonies. Colonial lifestyle provides several advantages under stressing conditions of light intensity, ultraviolet light, toxic substances and grazing. The progression from a single-celled organism to multicellularity in Microcystis has usually been interpreted as individual phenotypic responses of the cyanobacterial cells to the environment. Here, we synthesize current knowledge about Microcystis colonial lifestyle and its role in the organism ecology. We then briefly review the available information on Microcystis microbiome and propose that changes leading from single cells to colonies are the consequence of specific and tightly regulated signals between the cyanobacterium and its microbiome through a biofilm-like mechanism. The resulting colony is a multi-specific community of interdependent microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Piccini
- Departamento de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable. Av. Italia 3318, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Gabriela Martínez de la Escalera
- Departamento de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable. Av. Italia 3318, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Angel M Segura
- Modelización Estadística de Datos e Inteligencia Artificial, Centro Universitario Regional del Este, Universidad de la República. Ruta nacional Nº9 intersección con ruta Nº15, Uruguay
| | - Carolina Croci
- Departamento de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable. Av. Italia 3318, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Carla Kruk
- Modelización Estadística de Datos e Inteligencia Artificial, Centro Universitario Regional del Este, Universidad de la República. Ruta nacional Nº9 intersección con ruta Nº15, Uruguay
- Sección Limnología, Instituto de Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República. Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
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Baylous HR, Gladfelter MF, Gardner MI, Foley M, Wilson AE, Steffen MM. Indole-3-acetic acid promotes growth in bloom-forming Microcystis via an antioxidant response. HARMFUL ALGAE 2024; 133:102575. [PMID: 38485434 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2024.102575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Interactions between bacteria and phytoplankton in the phycosphere facilitate and constrain biogeochemical cycling in aquatic ecosystems. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is a bacterially produced chemical signal that promotes growth of phytoplankton and plants. Here, we explored the impact of IAA on bloom-forming cyanobacteria and their associated bacteria. Exposure to IAA and its precursor, tryptophan, resulted in a strong growth response in a bloom of the freshwater cyanobacterium, Microcystis. Metatranscriptome analysis revealed the induction of an antioxidant response in Microcystis upon exposure to IAA, potentially allowing populations to increase photosynthetic rate and overcome internally generated reactive oxygen. Our data reveal that co-occurring bacteria within the phycosphere microbiome exhibit a division of labor for supportive functions, such as nutrient mineralization and transport, vitamin synthesis, and reactive oxygen neutralization. These complex dynamics within the Microcystis phycosphere microbiome are an example of interactions within a microenvironment that can have ecosystem-scale consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter R Baylous
- Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22801, USA
| | - Matthew F Gladfelter
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Malia I Gardner
- Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22801, USA
| | - Madalynn Foley
- Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22801, USA
| | - Alan E Wilson
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Morgan M Steffen
- Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22801, USA.
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11
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Kim W, Park Y, Jung J, Jeon CO, Toyofuku M, Lee J, Park W. Biological and Chemical Approaches for Controlling Harmful Microcystis Blooms. J Microbiol 2024; 62:249-260. [PMID: 38587591 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-024-00115-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The proliferation of harmful cyanobacterial blooms dominated by Microcystis aeruginosa has become an increasingly serious problem in freshwater ecosystems due to climate change and eutrophication. Microcystis-blooms in freshwater generate compounds with unpleasant odors, reduce the levels of dissolved O2, and excrete microcystins into aquatic ecosystems, potentially harming various organisms, including humans. Various chemical and biological approaches have thus been developed to mitigate the impact of the blooms, though issues such as secondary pollution and high economic costs have not been adequately addressed. Red clays and H2O2 are conventional treatment methods that have been employed worldwide for the mitigation of the blooms, while novel approaches, such as the use of plant or microbial metabolites and antagonistic bacteria, have also recently been proposed. Many of these methods rely on the generation of reactive oxygen species, the inhibition of photosynthesis, and/or the disruption of cellular membranes as their mechanisms of action, which may also negatively impact other freshwater microbiota. Nevertheless, the underlying molecular mechanisms of anticyanobacterial chemicals and antagonistic bacteria remain unclear. This review thus discusses both conventional and innovative approaches for the management of M. aeruginosa in freshwater bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjae Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yerim Park
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaejoon Jung
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Che Ok Jeon
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Masanori Toyofuku
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-0006, Japan
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Woojun Park
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Foysal MJ, Timms V, Neilan BA. Dynamics of the benthic and planktic microbiomes in a Planktothrix-dominated toxic cyanobacterial bloom in Australia. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 249:120980. [PMID: 38101053 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms are a concerning issue that threaten ecosystems, ecology and animal health. Bloom frequency has increased tremendously in recent times due to pollution, eutrophication of waterways, climate change, and changes in microbial community dynamics within the aquatic environment. Information about the spatiotemporal variation in microbial communities that drive a cyanobacterial bloom is very limited. Here, we analysed the spatiotemporal diversity and composition of bacterial communities, with a focus on cyanobacteria, during the bloom phase in a natural reservoir in Eastern Australia using high throughput amplicon sequencing. Sampling points and season had no influence on the richness and evenness of microbial communities during the bloom period, however some compositional differences were apparent across the seasons. Cyanobacteria were highly abundant during summer and autumn compared to winter and spring. The dominant cyanobacterial taxa were Planktothrix, Cyanobium and Microcystis and were found to be significantly abundant during summer and autumn. While cyanobacterial abundance soared in summer (25.4 %), dominated by Planktothrix (12.2 %) and Cyanobium (8.0 %), the diversity was highest in autumn (24.9 %) and consisted of Planktothrix (7.8 %), Nodularia (5.3 %), Planktothricoides (4.6 %), Microcystis (3.5 %), and Cyanobium (2.3 %). The strongly correlated non-photosynthetic Gastranaerophilales found in the sediment and water, suggested vertical transmission from the animal gut through faeces. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Planktothrix-driven toxic cyanobacterial bloom in Australia. Our study expands current understanding of the spatiotemporal variation in bacterial communities during a cyanobacterial bloom and sheds light on setting future management strategies for its control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Javed Foysal
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Verlaine Timms
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Brett A Neilan
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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13
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Le VV, Kang M, Ko SR, Jeong S, Park CY, Lee JJ, Choi IC, Oh HM, Ahn CY. Dynamic response of bacterial communities to Microcystis blooms: A three-year study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:165888. [PMID: 37544456 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Although nutrient availability is widely recognized as the driving force behind Microcystis blooms, identifying the microorganisms that play a pivotal role in their formation is a challenging task. Our understanding of the contribution of bacterial communities to the development of Microcystis blooms remains incomplete, despite the fact that the relationship between Microcystis and bacterial communities has been extensively investigated. Most studies have focused on their interaction for a single year rather than for multiple years. To determine key bacteria crucial for the formation of Microcystis blooms, we collected samples from three sites in the Daechung Reservoir (Chuso, Hoenam, and Janggye) over three years (2017, 2019, and 2020). Our results indicated that Microcystis bloom-associated bacterial communities were more conserved across stations than across years. Bacterial communities could be separated into modules corresponding to the different phases of Microcystis blooms. Dolichospermum and Aphanizomenon belonged to the same module, whereas the module of Microcystis was distinct. The microbial recurrent association network (MRAN) showed that amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) directly linked to Microcystis belonged to Pseudanabaena, Microscillaceae, Sutterellaceae, Flavobacterium, Candidatus Aquiluna, Bryobacter, and DSSD61. These ASVs were also identified as key indicators of the bloom stage, indicating that they were fundamental biological elements in the development of Microcystis blooms. Overall, our study highlights that, although bacterial communities change annually, they continue to share core ASVs that may be crucial for the formation and maintenance of Microcystis blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ve Van Le
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingyeong Kang
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Ra Ko
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonah Jeong
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Yeong Park
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jay Jung Lee
- Geum River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Chungbuk 29027, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Chan Choi
- Geum River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Chungbuk 29027, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Mock Oh
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Yong Ahn
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Baker D, Godwin CM, Khanam M, Burtner AM, Dick GJ, Denef VJ. Variation in resource competition traits among Microcystis strains is affected by their microbiomes. MLIFE 2023; 2:401-415. [PMID: 38818269 PMCID: PMC10989160 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Freshwater harmful algal blooms are often dominated by Microcystis, a phylogenetically cohesive group of cyanobacteria marked by extensive genetic and physiological diversity. We have previously shown that this genetic diversity and the presence of a microbiome of heterotrophic bacteria influences competitive interactions with eukaryotic phytoplankton. In this study, we sought to explain these observations by characterizing Monod equation parameters for resource usage (maximum growth rate μ max, half-saturation value for growth K s, and quota) as a function of N and P levels for four strains (NIES-843, PCC 9701, PCC 7806 [WT], and PCC 7806 ΔmcyB) in presence and absence of a microbiome derived from Microcystis isolated from Lake Erie. Results indicated limited differences in maximum growth rates but more pronounced differences in half-saturation values among Microcystis strains. The largest impact of the microbiome was reducing the minimal nitrogen concentration sustaining growth and reducing half saturation values, with variable results depending on the Microcystis strain. Microcystis strains also differed from each other in their N and P quotas and the extent to which microbiome presence affected them. Our data highlight the importance of the microbiome in altering Microcystis-intrinsic traits, strain competitive hierarchies, and thus bloom dynamics. As quota, μ max, and K s are commonly used in models for harmful algal blooms, our data suggest that model improvement may be possible by incorporating genotype dependencies of resource-use parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Baker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Casey M. Godwin
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, School for Environment and SustainabilityUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Muhtamim Khanam
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Ashley M. Burtner
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, School for Environment and SustainabilityUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Gregory J. Dick
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, School for Environment and SustainabilityUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Vincent J. Denef
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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15
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Tytgat B, Verleyen E, Sweetlove M, Van den Berge K, Pinseel E, Hodgson DA, Chown SL, Sabbe K, Wilmotte A, Willems A, Vyverman W. Polar lake microbiomes have distinct evolutionary histories. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade7130. [PMID: 37976353 PMCID: PMC10656066 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade7130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Toward the poles, life on land is increasingly dominated by microorganisms, yet the evolutionary origin of polar microbiomes remains poorly understood. Here, we use metabarcoding of Arctic, sub-Antarctic, and Antarctic lacustrine benthic microbial communities to test the hypothesis that high-latitude microbiomes are recruited from a globally dispersing species pool through environmental selection. We demonstrate that taxonomic overlap between the regions is limited within most phyla, even at higher-order taxonomic levels, with unique deep-branching phylogenetic clades being present in each region. We show that local and regional taxon richness and net diversification rate of regionally restricted taxa differ substantially between polar regions in both microeukaryotic and bacterial biota. This suggests that long-term evolutionary divergence resulting from low interhemispheric dispersal and diversification in isolation has been a prominent process shaping present-day polar lake microbiomes. Our findings illuminate the distinctive biogeography of polar lake ecosystems and underscore that conservation efforts should include their unique microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjorn Tytgat
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Elie Verleyen
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Maxime Sweetlove
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Koen Van den Berge
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Eveline Pinseel
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Meise Botanic Garden, Meise, Belgium
| | - Dominic A. Hodgson
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Steven L. Chown
- Securing Antarctica’s Environmental Future, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Koen Sabbe
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Annick Wilmotte
- InBio-Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Anne Willems
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Wim Vyverman
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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16
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Lefler FW, Barbosa M, Zimba PV, Smyth AR, Berthold DE, Laughinghouse HD. Spatiotemporal diversity and community structure of cyanobacteria and associated bacteria in the large shallow subtropical Lake Okeechobee (Florida, United States). Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1219261. [PMID: 37711696 PMCID: PMC10499181 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1219261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lake Okeechobee is a large eutrophic, shallow, subtropical lake in south Florida, United States. Due to decades of nutrient loading and phosphorus rich sediments, the lake is eutrophic and frequently experiences cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs). In the past, surveys of the phytoplankton community structure in the lake have been conducted by morphological studies, whereas molecular based studies have been seldom employed. With increased frequency of cyanoHABs in Lake Okeechobee (e.g., 2016 and 2018 Microcystis-dominated blooms), it is imperative to determine the diversity of cyanobacterial taxa that exist within the lake and the limnological parameters that drive bloom-forming genera. A spatiotemporal study of the lake was conducted over the course of 1 year to characterize the (cyano)bacterial community structure, using 16S rRNA metabarcoding, with coincident collection of limnological parameters (e.g., nutrients, water temperature, major ions), and cyanotoxins. The objectives of this study were to elucidate spatiotemporal trends of community structure, identify drivers of community structure, and examine cyanobacteria-bacterial relationships within the lake. Results indicated that cyanobacterial communities within the lake were significantly different between the wet and dry season, but not between periods of nitrogen limitation and co-nutrient limitation. Throughout the year, the lake was primarily dominated by the picocyanobacterium Cyanobium. The bloom-forming genera Cuspidothrix, Dolichospermum, Microcystis, and Raphidiopsis were highly abundant throughout the lake and had disparate nutrient requirements and niches within the lake. Anatoxin-a, microcystins, and nodularins were detected throughout the lake across both seasons. There were no correlated (cyano)bacteria shared between the common bloom-forming cyanobacteria Dolichospermum, Microcystis, and Raphidiopsis. This study is the first of its kind to use molecular based methods to assess the cyanobacterial community structure within the lake. These data greatly improve our understanding of the cyanobacterial community structure within the lake and the physiochemical parameters which may drive the bloom-forming taxa within Lake Okeechobee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forrest W. Lefler
- Agronomy Department, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida—IFAS, Davie, FL, United States
| | - Maximiliano Barbosa
- Agronomy Department, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida—IFAS, Davie, FL, United States
| | - Paul V. Zimba
- Rice Rivers Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Charles City, VA, United States
| | - Ashley R. Smyth
- Soil, Water and Ecosystem Sciences Department, Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida—IFAS, Homestead, FL, United States
| | - David E. Berthold
- Agronomy Department, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida—IFAS, Davie, FL, United States
| | - H. Dail Laughinghouse
- Agronomy Department, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida—IFAS, Davie, FL, United States
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17
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Louati I, Nunan N, Tambosco K, Bernard C, Humbert JF, Leloup J. The phyto-bacterioplankton couple in a shallow freshwater ecosystem: Who leads the dance? HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 126:102436. [PMID: 37290884 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bloom-forming phytoplankton dynamics are still unpredictable, even though it is known that several abiotic factors, such as nutrient availability and temperature, are key factors for bloom development. We investigated whether biotic factors, i.e. the bacterioplankton composition (via 16SrDNA metabarcoding), were correlated with phytoplankton dynamics, through a weekly monitoring of a shallow lake known to host recurrent cyanobacterial blooms. We detected concomitant changes in both bacterial and phytoplankton community biomass and diversity. During the bloom event, a significant decrease in phytoplankton diversity, was detected, with a first co-dominance of Ceratium, Microcystis and Aphanizomenon, followed by a co-dominance of the two cyanobacterial genera. In the same time, we observed a decrease of the particle-associated (PA) bacterial richness and the emergence of a specific bacterial consortium that was potentially better adapted to the new nutritional niche. Unexpectedly, changes in PA bacterial communities occurred just before the development the emergence of the phytoplanktonic bloom and the associated modification of the phytoplanktonic community composition, suggesting that changes in environmental conditions leading to the bloom, were first sensed by the bacterial PA community. This last was quite stable throughout the bloom event, even though there were changes in the blooming species, suggesting that the association between cyanobacterial species and bacterial communities may not be as tight as previously described for monospecific blooming communities. Finally, the dynamics of the free-living (FL) bacterial communities displayed a different trajectory from those of the PA and phytoplankton communities. This FL communities can be viewed as a reservoir for bacterial recruitment for the PA fraction. Altogether, these data also highlight s that the spatial organization within these different microenvironments in the water column is a relevant factor in the structuring of these communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Louati
- Sorbonne Université, UMR 7618 CNRS-INRA- RD-Paris Cité-UPEC, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), 4 place Jussieu, Paris cedex 05 75252, France
| | - Naoise Nunan
- Sorbonne Université, UMR 7618 CNRS-INRA- RD-Paris Cité-UPEC, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), 4 place Jussieu, Paris cedex 05 75252, France; Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7014, Uppsala 75007, Sweden
| | - Kevin Tambosco
- Sorbonne Université, UMR 7618 CNRS-INRA- RD-Paris Cité-UPEC, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), 4 place Jussieu, Paris cedex 05 75252, France
| | - Cécile Bernard
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7245 CNRS-MNHN, Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Humbert
- Sorbonne Université, UMR 7618 CNRS-INRA- RD-Paris Cité-UPEC, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), 4 place Jussieu, Paris cedex 05 75252, France
| | - Julie Leloup
- Sorbonne Université, UMR 7618 CNRS-INRA- RD-Paris Cité-UPEC, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), 4 place Jussieu, Paris cedex 05 75252, France.
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18
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Zhang Y, Whalen JK, Cai C, Shan K, Zhou H. Harmful cyanobacteria-diatom/dinoflagellate blooms and their cyanotoxins in freshwaters: A nonnegligible chronic health and ecological hazard. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 233:119807. [PMID: 36871382 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Human and ecological health depends on the vitality of freshwater systems, but these are increasingly threatened by cyanotoxins released from harmful algal blooms (HABs). Periodic cyanotoxin production, although undesirable, may be tolerable when there is enough time for cyanotoxins to degrade and dissipate in the environment, but the year-round presence of these toxins will be a chronic health for humans and ecosystems. The purpose of this critical review is to document the seasonal shifts of algal species and their ecophysiological acclimatation to dynamic environmental conditions. We discuss how these conditions will create successive occurrences of algal blooms and the release of cyanotoxins into freshwater. We first review the most common cyanotoxins, and evaluate the multiple ecological roles and physiological functions of these toxins for algae. Then, the annual recurring patterns HABs are considered in the context of global change, which demonstrates the capacity for algal blooms to shift from seasonal to year-round growth regimes that are driven by abiotic and biotic factors, leading to chronic loading of freshwaters with cyanotoxins. At last, we illustrate the impacts of HABs on the environment by compiling four health issues and four ecology issues emanating from their presence in the that covers atmosphere, aquatic ecosystems and terrestrial ecosystems. Our study highlights the annual patterns of algal blooms, and proposes that a "perfect storm" of events is lurking that will cause the 'seasonal toxicity' to become a full-blown, 'chronic toxicity' in the context of the deterioration of HABs, highlighting a non-negligible chronic health and ecological hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Department of Natural Resource Science, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de Bellevue, QC H9×3V9, Canada; Key Laboratory of Investigation and Monitoring, Protection and Utilization for Cultivated Land Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, China.
| | - Joann K Whalen
- Department of Natural Resource Science, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de Bellevue, QC H9×3V9, Canada
| | - Chen Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Kun Shan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data and Intelligent Computing, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China, CAS Key Lab on Reservoir Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Hongxu Zhou
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
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19
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Cheng W, Hwang S, Guo Q, Qian L, Liu W, Yu Y, Liu L, Tao Y, Cao H. The Special and General Mechanism of Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040987. [PMID: 37110410 PMCID: PMC10144548 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) are longstanding aquatic hazards worldwide, of which the mechanism is not yet fully understood, i.e., the process in which cyanobacteria establish dominance over coexisting algae in the same eutrophic waters. The dominance of CyanoHABs represents a deviation from their low abundance under conventional evolution in the oligotrophic state, which has been the case since the origin of cyanobacteria on early Earth. To piece together a comprehensive mechanism of CyanoHABs, we revisit the origin and adaptive radiation of cyanobacteria in oligotrophic Earth, demonstrating ubiquitous adaptive radiation enabled by corresponding biological functions under various oligotrophic conditions. Next, we summarize the biological functions (ecophysiology) which drive CyanoHABs and ecological evidence to synthesize a working mechanism at the population level (the special mechanism) for CyanoHABs: CyanoHABs are the consequence of the synergistic interaction between superior cyanobacterial ecophysiology and elevated nutrients. Interestingly, these biological functions are not a result of positive selection by water eutrophication, but an adaptation to a longstanding oligotrophic state as all the genes in cyanobacteria are under strong negative selection. Last, to address the relative dominance of cyanobacteria over coexisting algae, we postulate a "general" mechanism of CyanoHABs at the community level from an energy and matter perspective: cyanobacteria are simpler life forms and thus have lower per capita nutrient demand for growth than coexisting eukaryotic algae. We prove this by comparing cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae in cell size and structure, genome size, size of genome-scale metabolic networks, cell content, and finally the golden standard-field studies with nutrient supplementation in the same waters. To sum up, the comprehensive mechanism of CyanoHABs comprises a necessary condition, which is the general mechanism, and a sufficient condition, which is the special mechanism. One prominent prediction based on this tentative comprehensive mechanism is that eukaryotic algal blooms will coexist with or replace CyanoHABs if eutrophication continues and goes over the threshold nutrient levels for eukaryotic algae. This two-fold comprehensive mechanism awaits further theoretic and experimental testing and provides an important guide to control blooms of all algal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenduo Cheng
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, 8 Duke Ave, Kunshan 215316, China
| | - Somin Hwang
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, 8 Duke Ave, Kunshan 215316, China
| | - Qisen Guo
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, 8 Duke Ave, Kunshan 215316, China
| | - Leyuan Qian
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, 8 Duke Ave, Kunshan 215316, China
| | - Weile Liu
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, 8 Duke Ave, Kunshan 215316, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, 8 Duke Ave, Kunshan 215316, China
| | - Li Liu
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, 8 Duke Ave, Kunshan 215316, China
| | - Yi Tao
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huansheng Cao
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, 8 Duke Ave, Kunshan 215316, China
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20
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Tanabe Y, Yamaguchi H, Yoshida M, Kai A, Okazaki Y. Characterization of a bloom-associated alphaproteobacterial lineage, 'Candidatus Phycosocius': insights into freshwater algal-bacterial interactions. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:20. [PMID: 36906708 PMCID: PMC10008586 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-023-00228-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Marine bacterial lineages associated with algal blooms, such as the Roseobacter clade, have been well characterized in ecological and genomic contexts, yet such lineages have rarely been explored in freshwater blooms. This study performed phenotypic and genomic analyses of an alphaproteobacterial lineage 'Candidatus Phycosocius' (denoted the CaP clade), one of the few lineages ubiquitously associated with freshwater algal blooms, and described a novel species: 'Ca. Phycosocius spiralis.' Phylogenomic analyses indicated that the CaP clade is a deeply branching lineage in the Caulobacterales. Pangenome analyses revealed characteristic features of the CaP clade: aerobic anoxygenic photosynthesis and essential vitamin B auxotrophy. Genome size varies widely among members of the CaP clade (2.5-3.7 Mb), likely a result of independent genome reductions at each lineage. This includes a loss of tight adherence pilus genes (tad) in 'Ca. P. spiralis' that may reflect its adoption of a unique spiral cell shape and corkscrew-like burrowing activity at the algal surface. Notably, quorum sensing (QS) proteins showed incongruent phylogenies, suggesting that horizontal transfers of QS genes and QS-involved interactions with specific algal partners might drive CaP clade diversification. This study elucidates the ecophysiology and evolution of proteobacteria associated with freshwater algal blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuhiko Tanabe
- Biodiversity Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan.
- Algae Biomass and Energy System R&D Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Haruyo Yamaguchi
- Biodiversity Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Masaki Yoshida
- Algae Biomass and Energy System R&D Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kai
- Algae Biomass and Energy System R&D Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okazaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
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21
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Te SH, Kok JWK, Luo R, You L, Sukarji NH, Goh KC, Sim ZY, Zhang D, He Y, Gin KYH. Coexistence of Synechococcus and Microcystis Blooms in a Tropical Urban Reservoir and Their Links with Microbiomes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:1613-1624. [PMID: 36653016 PMCID: PMC9894078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria play a crucial role in driving ecological processes in aquatic ecosystems. Studies have shown that bacteria-cyanobacteria interactions contributed significantly to phytoplankton dynamics. However, information on the contribution of bacterial communities to blooms remains scarce. Here, we tracked changes in the bacterial community during the development of a cyanobacterial bloom in an equatorial estuarine reservoir. Two forms of blooms were observed simultaneously corresponding to the lotic and lentic characteristics of the sampling sites where significant spatial variabilities in physicochemical water quality, cyanobacterial biomass, secondary metabolites, and cyanobacterial/bacterial compositions were detected. Microcystis dominated the upstream sites during peak periods and were succeeded by Synechococcus when the bloom subsided. For the main body of the reservoir, a mixed bloom featuring coccoid and filamentous cyanobacteria (Microcystis, Synechococcus, Planktothricoides, Nodosilinea, Raphidiopsis, and Prochlorothrix) was observed. Concentrations of the picocyanobacteria Synechococcus remained high throughout the study, and their positive correlations with cylindrospermopsin and anatoxin-a suggested that they could produce cyanotoxins, which pose more damaging impacts than previously supposed. Succession of different cyanobacteria (Synechococcus and Microcystis) following changes in nutrient composition and ionic strength was demonstrated. The microbiomes associated with blooms were unique to the dominant cyanobacteria. Generic and specialized bloom biomarkers for the Microcystis and downstream mixed blooms were also identified. Microscillaceae, Chthoniobacteraceae, and Roseomonas were the major heterotrophic bacteria associated with Microcystis bloom, whereas Phycisphaeraceae and Methylacidiphilaceae were the most prominent groups for the Synechococcus bloom. Collectively, bacterial community can be greatly deviated by the geological condition, monsoon season, cyanobacterial density, and dominant cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Harn Te
- National
University of Singapore Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, #15-02, 138602 Singapore
| | - Jerome Wai Kit Kok
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Blk E1A-07-03, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576 Singapore
| | - Rong Luo
- National
University of Singapore Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, #15-02, 138602 Singapore
| | - Luhua You
- National
University of Singapore Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, #15-02, 138602 Singapore
| | - Nur Hanisah Sukarji
- National
University of Singapore Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, #15-02, 138602 Singapore
| | - Kwan Chien Goh
- National
University of Singapore Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, #15-02, 138602 Singapore
| | - Zhi Yang Sim
- National
University of Singapore Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, #15-02, 138602 Singapore
| | - Dong Zhang
- National
University of Singapore Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, #15-02, 138602 Singapore
| | - Yiliang He
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Karina Yew-Hoong Gin
- National
University of Singapore Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, #15-02, 138602 Singapore
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Blk E1A-07-03, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576 Singapore
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22
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Duan Z, Tan X, Shi L, Zeng Q, Ali I, Zhu R, Chen H, Parajuli K. Phosphorus Accumulation in Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) of Colony-Forming Cyanobacteria Challenges Imbalanced Nutrient Reduction Strategies in Eutrophic Lakes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:1600-1612. [PMID: 36642923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are crucial for cyanobacterial proliferation; however, certain queries, including how EPS affects cellular nutrient processes and what are the implications for nutrient management in lakes, are not well documented. Here, the dynamics of cyanobacterial EPS-associated phosphorus (EPS-P) were examined both in a shallow eutrophic lake (Lake Taihu, China) and in laboratory experiments with respect to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability. Results indicated that 40-65% of the total cyanobacterial aggregate/particulate P presented as EPS-P (mainly labile P and Fe/Al-P). Phosphorus-starved cyanobacteria rapidly replenished their EPS-P pools after the P was resupplied, and the P concentration in this pool was stable for long afterward, although the environmental P concentration decreased dramatically. A low-N treatment enhanced the EPS production alongside two-fold EPS-P accumulation (particularly labile P) higher than the control. Such patterns occurred in the lake where EPS and EPS-P contents were high under N limitation. EPS-P enrichment increased the P content in cyanobacteria; subsequently, it could hold the total P concentration higher for longer and make bloom mitigation harder. The findings outline a new insight into EPS functions in the P process of cyanobacterial aggregates and encourage consideration of both N and P reductions in nutrient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Duan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Qingfei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Imran Ali
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Huaimin Chen
- School of Environmental Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Industry Technology, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Keshab Parajuli
- School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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23
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Nathane Nunes de Freitas P, Kinoshita Teramoto K, Ossanes de Souza A, Pinto E. Evaluation of the Toxicity of Microcyclamide Produced by Microcystis aeruginosa in Danio rerio Embryos. TOXICS 2023; 11:128. [PMID: 36851003 PMCID: PMC9967757 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The genus of cyanobacteria Microcystis is one of the most recurrent in blooms and is associated with the hepatotoxin microcystin production. In addition to cyanotoxins, these bacteria produce a wide range of secondary metabolites with a wide repertoire of activities. The co-occurrence of cyanotoxins and other cyanopeptides during blooming is quite common, and the negative effects are not always limited to one class of toxins, which makes it essential to investigate the toxicity of the other compounds individually. The objective of this study was to isolate the cyanopeptide microcyclamide produced by the strain Microcystis aeruginosa LTPNA 08 by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry with a quadrupole-time-of-flight analyzer (LC-HR-QTOF-MS/MS) and to evaluate its acute toxicity in embryos of Danio rerio through the Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity (FET) assay. The fraction containing microcyclamide (95% purity) caused lethality in 62% of the embryos after 96 h exposure (50 µg mL-1), with evidence of cardiotoxicity (cardiac edema). The calculated LC50 value was 42.98 µg mL-1 (with a concentration range of 37.79-48.89 µg mL-1). The characterization of the secondary metabolites produced by cyanobacteria and the investigation of the toxicity of these compounds individually are essential for the identification of the substances responsible for negative effects on living organisms and on the ecosystem, in addition to assisting in the development of risk management policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Nathane Nunes de Freitas
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil
- Nuclear Energy in Agriculture Center, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13416-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ernani Pinto
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil
- Nuclear Energy in Agriculture Center, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13416-000, Brazil
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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24
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Cai H, McLimans CJ, Beyer JE, Krumholz LR, Hambright KD. Microcystis pangenome reveals cryptic diversity within and across morphospecies. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd3783. [PMID: 36638170 PMCID: PMC9839332 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add3783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microcystis, a common harmful algal bloom (HAB) taxon, threatens water supplies and human health, yet species delimitation is contentious in this taxon, leading to challenges in research and management of this threat. Historical and common morphology-based classifications recognize multiple morphospecies, most with variable and diverse ecologies, while DNA sequence-based classifications indicate a single species with multiple ecotypes. To better delimit Microcystis species, we conducted a pangenome analysis of 122 genomes. Core- and non-core gene phylogenetic analyses placed 113 genomes into 23 monophyletic clusters containing at least two genomes. Overall, genome-related indices revealed that Microcystis contains at least 16 putative genospecies. Fifteen genospecies included at least one Microcystis aeruginosa morphospecies, and 10 genospecies included two or more morphospecies. This classification system will enable consistent taxonomic identification of Microcystis and thereby aid in resolving some of the complexities and controversies that have long characterized eco-evolutionary research and management of this important HAB taxon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyuan Cai
- Plankton Ecology and Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Christopher J. McLimans
- Plankton Ecology and Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
- Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Jessica E. Beyer
- Plankton Ecology and Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
- Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Lee R. Krumholz
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology and Institute for Energy and the Environment, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - K. David Hambright
- Plankton Ecology and Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
- Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
- Geographical Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
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25
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Zuo J, Tan F, Zhang H, Xue Y, Grossart HP, Jeppesen E, Xiao P, Chen H, Yang J. Interaction between Raphidiopsis raciborskii and rare bacterial species revealed by dilution-to-extinction experiments. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 120:102350. [PMID: 36470605 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between heterotrophic bacteria and cyanobacteria regulate the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems and are thus crucial for the prediction and management of cyanobacterial blooms in relation to water security. Currently, abundant bacterial species are of primary concern, while the role of more diverse and copious rare species remains largely unknown. Using a dilution-to-extinction approach, rare bacterial species from reservoir water were co-cultured with the bloom-forming cyanobacterium Raphidiopsis raciborskii in the lab to explore their interactions by using Phyto-PAM and 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing. We found that a ≤1000-fold bacterial dilution led to bacteria control of the growth and photosynthesis of R. raciborskii. Moreover, the bacterial community compositions in the low-dilution groups were clearly diverged from the high-dilution groups. Importantly, rare species changed dramatically in the low-dilution groups, resulting in lower phylogenetic diversity and narrower niche width. The network complexity and compositional stability of bacterial communities decreased in the low-dilution groups. Collectively, our results suggest that rare bacterial species inhibit R. raciborskii growth and photosynthesis through microbial interactions mediated by species coexistence and interaction mechanisms. Our study provides new knowledge of the ecological role of rare bacteria and offers new perspectives for understanding the outbreak and regression of R. raciborskii blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zuo
- Aquatic EcoHealth Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Fengjiao Tan
- Aquatic EcoHealth Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongteng Zhang
- Aquatic EcoHealth Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xue
- Aquatic EcoHealth Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hans-Peter Grossart
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Stechlin 16775, Germany; University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam 14469, Germany
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing 100049, China; Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Mersin 33731, Turkey
| | - Peng Xiao
- Aquatic EcoHealth Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Huihuang Chen
- Aquatic EcoHealth Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Aquatic EcoHealth Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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26
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Mankiewicz-Boczek J, Morón-López J, Serwecińska L, Font-Nájera A, Gałęzowska G, Jurczak T, Kokociński M, Wolska L. Algicidal activity of Morganella morganii against axenic and environmental strains of Microcystis aeruginosa: Compound combination effects. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136609. [PMID: 36195129 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) are a global problem with serious consequences for public health and many sectors of the economy. The use of algicidal bacteria as natural antagonists to control bloom-forming cyanobacteria is a topic of growing interest. However, there are still unresolved questions that need to be addressed to better understand their mode of action and to implement effective mitigation strategies. In this study, thirteen bacterial strains isolated from both scums and concentrated bloom samples exhibited algicidal activity on three Microcystis aeruginosa strains with different characteristics: the axenic microcystin (MC)-producing strain M. aeruginosa PCC7820 (MaPCC7820), and two environmental (non-axenic) M. aeruginosa strains isolated from two different water bodies in Poland, one MC-producer (MaSU) and another non-MC-producer (MaPN). The bacterial strain SU7S0818 exerted the highest average algicidal effect on the three cyanobacterial strains. This strain was identified as Morganella morganii (99.51% similarity) by the 16S rRNA gene analyses; hence, this is the first study that demonstrates the algicidal properties of these ubiquitous bacteria. Microscopic cell counting and qPCR analyses showed that M. morganii SU7S0818 removed 91%, 96%, and 98.5% of MaPCC7820, MaSU and MaPN cells after 6 days of co-culture, respectively. Interestingly, the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (UHPLC-MS/MS) analyses showed that this bacterium was involved on the release of several substances with algicidal potential. It was remarkable how the profile of some compounds evolved over time, as in the case of cadaverine, tyramine, cyclo[Pro-Gly] and cyclo[Pro-Val]. These dynamic changes could be attributed to the action of M. morganii SU7S0818 and the presence of associated bacteria with environmental cyanobacterial strains. Therefore, this study sheds light on how algicidal bacteria may adapt their action on cyanobacterial cells by releasing a combination of compounds, which is a crucial insight to exploit them as effective biological tools in the control of cyanoHABs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mankiewicz-Boczek
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Tylna, 90-364, Łódź, Poland.
| | - J Morón-López
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Tylna, 90-364, Łódź, Poland.
| | - L Serwecińska
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Tylna, 90-364, Łódź, Poland.
| | - A Font-Nájera
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Tylna, 90-364, Łódź, Poland.
| | - G Gałęzowska
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Debowa Str. 23A, 80-204, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - T Jurczak
- UNESCO Chair on Ecohydrology and Applied Ecology, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha, 90-237, Łódź, Poland.
| | - M Kokociński
- Department of Hydrobiology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 6 Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
| | - L Wolska
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Debowa Str. 23A, 80-204, Gdańsk, Poland.
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27
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Shi L, Cai Y, Gao S, Zhang M, Chen F, Shi X, Yu Y, Lu Y, Wu QL. Gene expression pattern of microbes associated with large cyanobacterial colonies for a whole year in Lake Taihu. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 223:118958. [PMID: 35994786 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Large cyanobacterial colonies, which are unique niches for heterotrophic bacteria, are vital for blooming in eutrophic waters. However, the seasonal dynamics of molecular insights into microbes in these colonies remain unclear. Here, the community composition and metabolism pattern of microbes inhabiting large cyanobacterial colonies (> 120 µm, collected from Lake Taihu in China) were investigated monthly. The community structure of total microbes was mostly influenced by chlorophyll a (Chl a), total phosphorus (TP) concentration, dissolved oxygen, and temperature, whereas the colony-associated bacteria (excluding Cyanobacteria) were mostly influenced by total organic carbon, NO3-, and PO43- concentrations, indicating different response patterns of Cyanobacteria and the associated bacteria to water nutrient conditions. Metatranscriptomic data suggested that similar to that of Cyanobacteria, the gene expression patterns of the most active bacteria, such as Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, were not strictly dependent on season but separated by Chl a concentrations. Samples in July and September (high-bloom period) and February and March (non-bloom period) formed two distinct clusters, whereas those of other months (low-bloom period) clustered together. The accumulation of transcripts for pathways, such as phycobilisome from Cyanobacteria and bacterial chemotaxis and flagellum, phosphate metabolism, and sulfur oxidation from Proteobacteria, was enriched in high- and low-bloom periods than in non-bloom period. Network analyses revealed that Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria exhibited coordinated transcriptional patterns in almost all divided modules. Modules had Cyanobacteria-dominated hub gene were positively correlated with temperature, Chl a, total dissolved phosphorus, and NH4+ and NO2- concentrations, whereas modules had Proteobacteria-dominated hub gene were positively correlated with TP and PO43-. These results indicated labor division might exist in the colonies. This study provided metabolic insights into microbes in large cyanobacterial colonies and would support the understanding and management of the year-round cyanobacterial blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Yuanfeng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210008, China
| | - Shengling Gao
- Biological Experiment Teaching Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Feizhou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yaping Lu
- Biological Experiment Teaching Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qinglong L Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; Sino-Danish Center for Science and Education, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; The Fuxianhu Station of Plateau Deep Lake Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengjiang, Yunnan Province, China.
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28
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Le VV, Srivastava A, Ko SR, Ahn CY, Oh HM. Microcystis colony formation: Extracellular polymeric substance, associated microorganisms, and its application. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127610. [PMID: 35840029 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microcystis sp., amongst the most prevalent bloom-forming cyanobacteria, is typically found as a colonial form with multiple microorganisms embedded in the mucilage known as extracellular polymeric substance. The colony-forming ability of Microcystis has been thoroughly investigated, as has the connection between Microcystis and other microorganisms, which is crucial for colony development. The following are the key subjects to comprehend Microcystis bloom in depth: 1) key issues related to the Microcystis bloom, 2) features and functions of extracellular polymeric substance, as well as diversity of associated microorganisms, and 3) applications of Microcystis-microorganisms interaction including bloom control, polluted water bioremediation, and bioactive compound production. Future research possibilities and recommendations regarding Microcystis-microorganism interactions and their significance in Microcystis colony formation are also explored. More information on such interactions, as well as the mechanism of Microcystis colony formation, can bring new insights into cyanobacterial bloom regulation and a better understanding of the aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ve Van Le
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- Department of Botany, Siddharth University, Kapilvastu, Siddharth Nagar 272202, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - So-Ra Ko
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Yong Ahn
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Mock Oh
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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To Die or Not to Die—Regulated Cell Death and Survival in Cyanobacteria. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081657. [PMID: 36014075 PMCID: PMC9415839 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) is central to the development, integrity, and functionality of multicellular organisms. In the last decade, evidence has accumulated that RCD is a universal phenomenon in all life domains. Cyanobacteria are of specific interest due to their importance in aquatic and terrestrial habitats and their role as primary producers in global nutrient cycling. Current knowledge on cyanobacterial RCD is based mainly on biochemical and morphological observations, often by methods directly transferred from vertebrate research and with limited understanding of the molecular genetic basis. However, the metabolism of different cyanobacteria groups relies on photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation, whereas mitochondria are the central executioner of cell death in vertebrates. Moreover, cyanobacteria chosen as biological models in RCD studies are mainly colonial or filamentous multicellular organisms. On the other hand, unicellular cyanobacteria have regulated programs of cellular survival (RCS) such as chlorosis and post-chlorosis resuscitation. The co-existence of different genetically regulated programs in cyanobacterial populations may have been a top engine in life diversification. Development of cyanobacteria-specific methods for identification and characterization of RCD and wider use of single-cell analysis combined with intelligent image-based cell sorting and metagenomics would shed more light on the underlying molecular mechanisms and help us to address the complex colonial interactions during these events. In this review, we focus on the functional implications of RCD in cyanobacterial communities.
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30
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Uptake of Phytoplankton-Derived Carbon and Cobalamins by Novel Acidobacteria Genera in Microcystis Blooms Inferred from Metagenomic and Metatranscriptomic Evidence. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0180321. [PMID: 35862730 PMCID: PMC9317899 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01803-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between bacteria and phytoplankton can influence primary production, community composition, and algal bloom development. However, these interactions are poorly described for many consortia, particularly for freshwater bloom-forming cyanobacteria. Here, we assessed the gene content and expression of two uncultivated Acidobacteria from Lake Erie Microcystis blooms. These organisms were targeted because they were previously identified as important catalase producers in Microcystis blooms, suggesting that they protect Microcystis from H2O2. Metatranscriptomics revealed that both Acidobacteria transcribed genes for uptake of organic compounds that are known cyanobacterial products and exudates, including lactate, glycolate, amino acids, peptides, and cobalamins. Expressed genes for amino acid metabolism and peptide transport and degradation suggest that use of amino acids and peptides by Acidobacteria may regenerate nitrogen for cyanobacteria and other organisms. The Acidobacteria genomes lacked genes for biosynthesis of cobalamins but expressed genes for its transport and remodeling. This indicates that the Acidobacteria obtained cobalamins externally, potentially from Microcystis, which has a complete gene repertoire for pseudocobalamin biosynthesis; expressed them in field samples; and produced pseudocobalamin in axenic culture. Both Acidobacteria were detected in Microcystis blooms worldwide. Together, the data support the hypotheses that uncultured and previously unidentified Acidobacteria taxa exchange metabolites with phytoplankton during harmful cyanobacterial blooms and influence nitrogen available to phytoplankton. Thus, novel Acidobacteria may play a role in cyanobacterial physiology and bloom development. IMPORTANCE Interactions between heterotrophic bacteria and phytoplankton influence competition and successions between phytoplankton taxa, thereby influencing ecosystem-wide processes such as carbon cycling and algal bloom development. The cyanobacterium Microcystis forms harmful blooms in freshwaters worldwide and grows in buoyant colonies that harbor other bacteria in their phycospheres. Bacteria in the phycosphere and in the surrounding community likely influence Microcystis physiology and ecology and thus the development of freshwater harmful cyanobacterial blooms. However, the impacts and mechanisms of interaction between bacteria and Microcystis are not fully understood. This study explores the mechanisms of interaction between Microcystis and uncultured members of its phycosphere in situ with population genome resolution to investigate the cooccurrence of Microcystis and freshwater Acidobacteria in blooms worldwide.
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31
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Gao H, Zhao Z, Zhang L, Ju F. Cyanopeptides restriction and degradation co-mediate microbiota assembly during a freshwater cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom (CyanoHAB). WATER RESEARCH 2022; 220:118674. [PMID: 35661508 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) are globally intensifying and exacerbated by climate change and eutrophication. However, microbiota assembly mechanisms underlying CyanoHABs remain elusive. Especially, cyanopeptides, as a group of bioactive secondary metabolites of cyanobacteria, could affect microbiota assembly and ecosystem function. Here, the trajectory of cyanopeptides was followed and linked to microbiota during Microcystis-dominated CyanoHABs in Lake Taihu, China. The most abundant cyanopeptide classes detected included microginin, spumigin, microcystin, nodularin and cyanopeptolin with total MC-LR-equivalent concentrations between 0.23 and 2051.54 ppb, of which cyanotoxins beyond microcystins (e.g., cyanostatin B and nodularin_R) far exceeded reported organismal IC50 and negatively correlated with microbiota diversity, exerting potential collective eco-toxicities stronger than microcystins alone. The microbial communities were differentiated by size fraction and sampling date throughout CyanoHABs, and surprisingly, their variances were better explained by cyanopeptides (19-38%) than nutrients (0-16%). Cyanopeptides restriction (e.g., inhibition) and degradation were first quantitatively verified as the deterministic drivers governing community assembly, with stochastic processes being associated with the interplay between cyanopeptide dynamics and lake microbiota. This study presents an emerging paradigm in which cyanopeptides restriction and degradation co-mediate lake water microbiota assembly, unveiling new insights into the ecotoxicological significance of CyanoHABs to freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Ze Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Feng Ju
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China.
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32
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Xiao M, Burford MA, Wood SA, Aubriot L, Ibelings BW, Prentice MJ, Galvanese EF, Harris TD, Hamilton DP. Schindler's legacy: from eutrophic lakes to the phosphorus utilization strategies of cyanobacteria. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2022; 46:6617595. [PMID: 35749580 PMCID: PMC9629505 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
David Schindler and his colleagues pioneered studies in the 1970s on the role of phosphorus in stimulating cyanobacterial blooms in North American lakes. Our understanding of the nuances of phosphorus utilization by cyanobacteria has evolved since that time. We review the phosphorus utilization strategies used by cyanobacteria, such as use of organic forms, alternation between passive and active uptake, and luxury storage. While many aspects of physiological responses to phosphorus of cyanobacteria have been measured, our understanding of the critical processes that drive species diversity, adaptation and competition remains limited. We identify persistent critical knowledge gaps, particularly on the adaptation of cyanobacteria to low nutrient concentrations. We propose that traditional discipline-specific studies be adapted and expanded to encompass innovative new methodologies and take advantage of interdisciplinary opportunities among physiologists, molecular biologists, and modellers, to advance our understanding and prediction of toxic cyanobacteria, and ultimately to mitigate the occurrence of blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xiao
- Corresponding author: Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. E-mail:
| | - Michele A Burford
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Susanna A Wood
- Coastal and Freshwater Group, Cawthron Institute, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
| | - Luis Aubriot
- Phytoplankton Physiology and Ecology Group, Sección Limnología, Instituto de Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay
| | - Bas W Ibelings
- Department F.-A. Forel for Aquatic and Environmental Sciences and Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1290, Switzerland
| | - Matthew J Prentice
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Elena F Galvanese
- Laboratório de Análise e Síntese em Biodiversidade, Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba-PR, 81531-998, Brazil,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba-PR, 80060-140, Brazil
| | - Ted D Harris
- Kansas Biological Survey and Center for Ecological Research, Lawrence, KS, 66047, United States
| | - David P Hamilton
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
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33
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Buley RP, Gladfelter MF, Fernandez-Figueroa EG, Wilson AE. Can correlational analyses help determine the drivers of microcystin occurrence in freshwater ecosystems? A meta-analysis of microcystin and associated water quality parameters. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:493. [PMID: 35690674 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10114-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin (MC) is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by select cyanobacteria that threatens aquatic and terrestrial organisms over a diverse range of freshwater systems. To assess the relationship between environmental parameters and MC, researchers frequently utilize correlational analyses. This statistical methodology has proved useful when summarizing complex water quality monitoring datasets, but the correlations between select parameters and MC have been documented to vary widely across studies and systems. Such variation within the peer-reviewed literature leaves uncertainty for resource managers when developing a MC monitoring program. The objective of this research is to determine if correlational analyses between environmental parameters and MC are helpful to resource managers desiring to understand the drivers of MC. Environmental (i.e., physical, chemical, and biological) and MC correlation data were retrieved from an estimated 2,643 waterbodies (largely from the north temperate region) and synthesized using a Fisher's z meta-analysis. Common water quality parameters, such as chlorophyll, temperature, and pH, were positively correlated with MC, while transparency was negatively correlated. Interestingly, 12 of the 15 studied nitrogen parameters, including total nitrogen, were not significantly correlated with MC. In contrast, three of the four studied phosphorus parameters, including total phosphorus, were positively related to MC. Results from this synthesis quantitatively reinforces the usefulness of commonly measured environmental parameters to monitor for conditions related to MC occurrence; however, correlational analyses by themselves are often ineffective and considering what role a parameter plays in the ecology of cyanobacterial blooms in addition to MC production is vital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley P Buley
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
| | - Matthew F Gladfelter
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | | | - Alan E Wilson
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
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34
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Pound HL, Martin RM, Zepernick BN, Christopher CJ, Howard SM, Castro HF, Campagna SR, Boyer GL, Bullerjahn GS, Chaffin JD, Wilhelm SW. Changes in Microbiome Activity and Sporadic Viral Infection Help Explain Observed Variability in Microcosm Studies. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:809989. [PMID: 35369463 PMCID: PMC8966487 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.809989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The environmental conditions experienced by microbial communities are rarely fully simulated in the laboratory. Researchers use experimental containers ("bottles"), where natural samples can be manipulated and evaluated. However, container-based methods are subject to "bottle effects": changes that occur when enclosing the plankton community that are often times unexplained by standard measures like pigment and nutrient concentrations. We noted variability in a short-term, nutrient amendment experiment during a 2019 Lake Erie, Microcystis spp. bloom. We observed changes in heterotrophic bacteria activity (transcription) on a time-frame consistent with a response to experimental changes in nutrient availability, demonstrating how the often overlooked microbiome of cyanobacterial blooms can be altered. Samples processed at the time of collection (T0) contained abundant transcripts from Bacteroidetes, which reduced in abundance during incubation in all bottles, including controls. Significant biological variability in the expression of Microcystis-infecting phage was observed between replicates, with phosphate-amended treatments showing a 10-fold variation. The expression patterns of Microcystis-infecting phage were significantly correlated with ∼35% of Microcystis-specific functional genes and ∼45% of the cellular-metabolites measured across the entire microbial community, suggesting phage activity not only influenced Microcystis dynamics, but the biochemistry of the microbiome. Our observations demonstrate how natural heterogeneity among replicates can be harnessed to provide further insight on virus and host ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena L Pound
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Robbie M Martin
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Brittany N Zepernick
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Courtney J Christopher
- Biological and Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry Core, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Sara M Howard
- Biological and Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry Core, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Hector F Castro
- Biological and Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry Core, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Shawn R Campagna
- Biological and Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry Core, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Gregory L Boyer
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - George S Bullerjahn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, United States
| | - Justin D Chaffin
- Stone Laboratory and Ohio Sea Grant, The Ohio State University, Put-In-Bay, OH, United States
| | - Steven W Wilhelm
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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35
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MacKeigan PW, Garner RE, Monchamp MÈ, Walsh DA, Onana VE, Kraemer SA, Pick FR, Beisner BE, Agbeti MD, da Costa NB, Shapiro BJ, Gregory-Eaves I. Comparing microscopy and DNA metabarcoding techniques for identifying cyanobacteria assemblages across hundreds of lakes. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 113:102187. [PMID: 35287928 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Accurately identifying the species present in an ecosystem is vital to lake managers and successful bioassessment programs. This is particularly important when monitoring cyanobacteria, as numerous taxa produce toxins and can have major negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Increasingly, DNA-based techniques such as metabarcoding are being used for measuring aquatic biodiversity, as they could accelerate processing time, decrease costs and reduce some of the biases associated with traditional light microscopy. Despite the continuing use of traditional microscopy and the growing use of DNA metabarcoding to identify cyanobacteria assemblages, methodological comparisons between the two approaches have rarely been reported from a wide suite of lake types. Here, we compare planktonic cyanobacteria assemblages generated by inverted light microscopy and DNA metabarcoding from a 379-lake dataset spanning a longitudinal and trophic gradient. We found moderate levels of congruence between methods at the broadest taxonomic levels (i.e., Order, RV=0.40, p < 0.0001). This comparison revealed distinct cyanobacteria communities from lakes of different trophic states, with Microcystis, Aphanizomenon and Dolichospermum dominating with both methods in eutrophic and hypereutrophic sites. This finding supports the use of either method when monitoring eutrophication in lake surface waters. The biggest difference between the two methods was the detection of picocyanobacteria, which are typically underestimated by light microscopy. This reveals that the communities generated by each method currently are complementary as opposed to identical and promotes a combined-method strategy when monitoring a range of trophic systems. For example, microscopy can provide measures of cyanobacteria biomass, which are critical data in managing lakes. Going forward, we believe that molecular genetic methods will be increasingly adopted as reference databases are routinely updated with more representative sequences and will improve as cyanobacteria taxonomy is resolved with the increase in available genetic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W MacKeigan
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Interuniversity Research Group in Limnology (GRIL), Quebec, Canada.
| | - Rebecca E Garner
- Interuniversity Research Group in Limnology (GRIL), Quebec, Canada; Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Monchamp
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Interuniversity Research Group in Limnology (GRIL), Quebec, Canada
| | - David A Walsh
- Interuniversity Research Group in Limnology (GRIL), Quebec, Canada; Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vera E Onana
- Interuniversity Research Group in Limnology (GRIL), Quebec, Canada; Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Susanne A Kraemer
- Interuniversity Research Group in Limnology (GRIL), Quebec, Canada; Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frances R Pick
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Beatrix E Beisner
- Interuniversity Research Group in Limnology (GRIL), Quebec, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Naíla Barbosa da Costa
- Interuniversity Research Group in Limnology (GRIL), Quebec, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - B Jesse Shapiro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Irene Gregory-Eaves
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Interuniversity Research Group in Limnology (GRIL), Quebec, Canada.
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36
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Gobler CJ, Jankowiak JG. Dynamic Responses of Endosymbiotic Microbial Communities Within Microcystis Colonies in North American Lakes to Altered Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Temperature Levels. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:781500. [PMID: 35222297 PMCID: PMC8867038 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.781500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxic cyanobacterium, Microcystis, is a pervasive cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom (CHAB) - forming genus that naturally occurs in colonies that harbor diverse microbiomes of heterotrophic bacteria. While the effects of nutrient loading and climatic warming on CHABs are well-known, little is known regarding how these environmental drivers alter the structural and functional potential of the microbial assemblages associated with blooms that, in turn, may impact cyanobacterial growth. Here, we used next-generation sequencing of 16S ribosomal rRNA genes to characterize the dynamics of the bacterial assemblages within Microcystis colonies in two temperate North American lakes: Lake Erie and Lake Agawam (NY, United States) and quantified their responses to experimentally increased levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and temperature. Across experiments, Microcystis populations were consistently and significantly promoted by N and, to a lesser extent, elevated temperature (p < 0.05). In contrast, bacterial assemblages within Microcystis colonies were more resilient to environmental perturbations, with the relative abundance of 7–16% of amplicon sequence variants changing and several individual taxa displaying significant (p < 0.05) increases and decreases in relative abundance, primarily in response to elevated temperature and to a lesser extent, N. In contrast to individual taxa, community diversity was not significantly altered by individual treatments during experiments but rather was inversely correlated with the intensity of Microcystis blooms (p < 0.001). While predicted metabolic function was even less impacted by environmental drivers than microbial diversity, the predicted abundance of nitrogenase (nifH), alkaline phosphatase (phoX), and urease (ure) genes significantly increased in response to N but decreased in response to increased temperature (p < 0.05). Collectively, the resilience of microbial community structure and function within colonies suggests they may support the ability of Microcystis to persist through short-term fluctuations in environmental conditions by supplying essential nutrients.
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37
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Feist SM, Lance RF. Genetic detection of freshwater harmful algal blooms: A review focused on the use of environmental DNA (eDNA) in Microcystis aeruginosa and Prymnesium parvum. HARMFUL ALGAE 2021; 110:102124. [PMID: 34887004 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recurrence and severity of harmful algal blooms (HABs) are increasing due to a number of factors, including human practices and climate change. Sensitive and robust methods that allow for early and expedited HAB detection across large landscape scales are needed. Among the suite of HAB detection tools available, a powerful option exists in genetics-based approaches utilizing environmental sampling, also termed environmental DNA (eDNA). Here we provide a detailed methodological review of three HAB eDNA approaches (quantitative PCR, high throughput sequencing, and isothermal amplification). We then summarize and synthesize recently published eDNA applications covering a variety of HAB surveillance and research objectives, all with a specific emphasis in the detection of two widely problematic freshwater species, Microcystis aeruginosa and Prymnesium parvum. In our summary and conclusion we build on this literature by discussing ways in which eDNA methods could be advanced to improve HAB detection. We also discuss ways in which eDNA data could be used to potentially provide novel insight into the ecology, mitigation, and prediction of HABs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena M Feist
- Environmental Lab, United States Army Corps of Engineers Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, 39180, United States.
| | - Richard F Lance
- Environmental Lab, United States Army Corps of Engineers Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, 39180, United States
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38
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Pound HL, Gann ER, Wilhelm SW. A comparative study of metatranscriptomic assessment methods to characterize Microcystis blooms. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY, METHODS 2021; 19:846-854. [PMID: 35528780 PMCID: PMC9075346 DOI: 10.1002/lom3.10465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms are increasing in duration and severity globally, resulting in increased research interest. The use of genetic sequencing technologies has provided a wealth of opportunity to advance knowledge, but also poses a risk to that knowledge if handled incorrectly. The vast numbers of sequence processing tools and protocols provide a method to test nearly every hypothesis, but each method has inherent strengths and weaknesses. Here, we tested six methods to classify and quantify metatranscriptomic activity from a harmful algal bloom dominated by Microcystis spp. Three online tools were evaluated (Kaiju, MG-RAST, and GhostKOALA) in addition to three local tools that included a command line BLASTx approach, recruitment of reads to individual Microcystis genomes, and recruitment to a combined Microcystis composite genome generated from sequenced isolates with complete, closed genomes. Based on the analysis of each tool presented in this study, two recommendations are made that are dependent on the hypothesis to be tested. For researchers only interested in the function and physiology of Microcystis spp., read recruitments to the composite genome, referred to as "Frankenstein's Microcystis", provided the highest total estimates of transcript expression. However, for researchers interested in the entire bloom microbiome, the online GhostKOALA annotation tool, followed by subsequent read recruitments, provided functional and taxonomic characterization, in addition to transcript expression estimates. This study highlights the critical need for careful evaluation of methods before data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena L. Pound
- Department of MicrobiologyUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Eric R. Gann
- Department of MicrobiologyUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Steven W. Wilhelm
- Department of MicrobiologyUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
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Vico P, Iriarte A, Bonilla S, Piccini C. Metagenomic analysis of Raphidiopsisraciborskii microbiome: beyond the individual. Biodivers Data J 2021; 9:e72514. [PMID: 34754266 PMCID: PMC8553701 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.9.e72514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Raphidiopsisraciborskii is a toxic, invasive bacteria with a defined biogeographic pattern attributed to the generation of ecotypes subjected to local environmental filters and to phenotypic plasticity. The interactions taking place between the cyanobacterium and the other bacteria inhabiting the external polysaccharide-rich matrix surrounding the cells, or phycosphere, may be ecotype-specific and would have different influence on the carbon and nutrient cycling in the ecosystem. Here, we describe the bacterial community or microbiome (assessed by 16S rRNA metagenomics) associated to two R.raciborskii strains that have been described as different ecotypes: the saxitoxin-producer MVCC19 and the non-toxic LB2897. Our results showed that both ecotypes share 50% of their microbiomes and differ in their dominant taxa. The taxon having the highest abundance in the microbiome of MVCC19 was Neorhizobium (22.5% relative abundance), while the dominant taxon in LB2897 was the PlanctomycetesSM1A02 (26.2% relative abundance). These groups exhibit different metabolic capabilities regarding nitrogen acquisition (symbiotic nitrogen-fixing in Neorhizobium vs. anammox in SM1A02), suggesting the existence of ecotype-specific microbiomes that play a relevant role in cyanobacterial niche-adaptation. In addition, as saxitoxin and analogues are nitrogen-rich (7 atoms per molecule), we hypothesise that saxitoxin-producing R.raciborskii benefits from external sources of nitrogen provided by the microbiome bacteria. Based on these findings, we propose that the mechanisms involved in the assembly of the cyanobacterial microbiome community are ecotype-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Vico
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Andrés Iriarte
- Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, UDELAR, Montevideo, Uruguay Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, UDELAR Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Sylvia Bonilla
- Sección Limnología. Facultad de Ciencias, UDELAR, Montevideo, Uruguay Sección Limnología. Facultad de Ciencias, UDELAR Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Claudia Piccini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable Montevideo Uruguay
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40
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Zhang Y, Wu D, Fan Z, Li J, Gao L, Wang Y, Wang L. Microcystin-LR induces ferroptosis in intestine of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 223:112610. [PMID: 34365207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies provide comprehensive evidence of the environmental hazards and intestinal toxicity of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) exposure. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the injury of intestine exposed to MC-LR. Juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were exposed to MC-LR (0 and 10 μg/L) for 15 days. The results suggest that organic anion-transporting polypeptides 3a1, 4a1, 2b1, and 1d1 mediate MC-LR entry into intestinal tissues. Lesion morphological features (vacuolization, deformation and dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum [ER], absence of mitochondrial cristae in mid-intestine), up-regulated mRNA expressions of ER stress (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3, endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1, activating transcription factor [ATF] 6, ATF4, DNA damage-inducible transcript 3), iron accumulation, and down-regulated activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione (GSH) content were all typical characteristics of ferroptosis in intestinal tissue following MC-LR exposure. GSH levels in intestinal tissue corroborated as the most influential GSH/GPx 4- related metabolic pathway in response to MC-LR exposure. Verrucomicrobiota, Planctomycetes, Bdellovibrionota, Firmicutes and Cyanobacteria were correlated with the ferroptosis-related GSH following MC-LR exposure. These findings provide new perspectives of the ferroptosis mechanism of MC-LR-induced intestinal injury in the common carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China.
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China.
| | - Ze Fan
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China.
| | - Jinnan Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China.
| | - Lei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China.
| | - Yu'e Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
| | - Liansheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China.
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41
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Pound HL, Martin RM, Sheik CS, Steffen MM, Newell SE, Dick GJ, McKay RML, Bullerjahn GS, Wilhelm SW. Environmental Studies of Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms Should Include Interactions with the Dynamic Microbiome. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:12776-12779. [PMID: 34529413 PMCID: PMC9017748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Helena L Pound
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-0845, United States
| | - Robbie M Martin
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-0845, United States
| | - Cody S Sheik
- Large Lakes Observatory and Department of Biology, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812-3000, United States
| | - Morgan M Steffen
- Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807-0001, United States
| | - Silvia E Newell
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435, United States
| | - Gregory J Dick
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- NIEHS/NSF Great Lakes Center for Fresh Waters and Human Health, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
| | - R Michael L McKay
- NIEHS/NSF Great Lakes Center for Fresh Waters and Human Health, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - George S Bullerjahn
- NIEHS/NSF Great Lakes Center for Fresh Waters and Human Health, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
| | - Steven W Wilhelm
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-0845, United States
- NIEHS/NSF Great Lakes Center for Fresh Waters and Human Health, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
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42
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Pérez-Carrascal OM, Tromas N, Terrat Y, Moreno E, Giani A, Corrêa Braga Marques L, Fortin N, Shapiro BJ. Single-colony sequencing reveals microbe-by-microbiome phylosymbiosis between the cyanobacterium Microcystis and its associated bacteria. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:194. [PMID: 34579777 PMCID: PMC8477515 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01140-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyanobacteria from the genus Microcystis can form large mucilaginous colonies with attached heterotrophic bacteria-their microbiome. However, the nature of the relationship between Microcystis and its microbiome remains unclear. Is it a long-term, evolutionarily stable association? Which partners benefit? Here we report the genomic diversity of 109 individual Microcystis colonies-including cyanobacteria and associated bacterial genomes-isolated in situ and without culture from Lake Champlain, Canada and Pampulha Reservoir, Brazil. RESULTS We identified 14 distinct Microcystis genotypes from Canada, of which only two have been previously reported, and four genotypes specific to Brazil. Microcystis genetic diversity was much greater between than within colonies, consistent with colony growth by clonal expansion rather than aggregation of Microcystis cells. We also identified 72 bacterial species in the microbiome. Each Microcystis genotype had a distinct microbiome composition, and more closely related genotypes had more similar microbiomes. This pattern of phylosymbiosis could be explained by co-phylogeny in only two out of the nine most prevalent associated bacterial genera, Roseomonas and Rhodobacter. These phylogenetically associated genera could enrich the metabolic repertoire of Microcystis, for example by encoding the biosynthesis of complementary carotenoid molecules. In contrast, other colony-associated bacteria showed weaker signals of co-phylogeny, but stronger evidence of horizontal gene transfer with Microcystis. These observations suggest that acquired genes are more likely to be retained in both partners (Microcystis and members of its microbiome) when they are loosely associated, whereas one gene copy is sufficient when the association is physically tight and evolutionarily long-lasting. CONCLUSIONS We have introduced a method for culture-free isolation of single colonies from nature followed by metagenomic sequencing, which could be applied to other types of microbes. Together, our results expand the known genetic diversity of both Microcystis and its microbiome in natural settings, and support their long-term, specific, and potentially beneficial associations. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Tromas
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université́ de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Yves Terrat
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université́ de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Elisa Moreno
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université́ de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alessandra Giani
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Nathalie Fortin
- National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - B Jesse Shapiro
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université́ de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
- McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
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43
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Hoke AK, Reynoso G, Smith MR, Gardner MI, Lockwood DJ, Gilbert NE, Wilhelm SW, Becker IR, Brennan GJ, Crider KE, Farnan SR, Mendoza V, Poole AC, Zimmerman ZP, Utz LK, Wurch LL, Steffen MM. Genomic signatures of Lake Erie bacteria suggest interaction in the Microcystis phycosphere. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257017. [PMID: 34550975 PMCID: PMC8457463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial interactions in harmful algal bloom (HAB) communities have been examined in marine systems, but are poorly studied in fresh waters. To investigate HAB-microbe interactions, we isolated bacteria with close associations to bloom-forming cyanobacteria, Microcystis spp., during a 2017 bloom in the western basin of Lake Erie. The genomes of five isolates (Exiguobacterium sp. JMULE1, Enterobacter sp. JMULE2, Deinococcus sp. JMULE3, Paenibacillus sp. JMULE4, and Acidovorax sp. JMULE5.) were sequenced on a PacBio Sequel system. These genomes ranged in size from 3.1 Mbp (Exiguobacterium sp. JMULE1) to 5.7 Mbp (Enterobacter sp. JMULE2). The genomes were analyzed for genes relating to critical metabolic functions, including nitrogen reduction and carbon utilization. All five of the sequenced genomes contained genes that could be used in potential signaling and nutrient exchange between the bacteria and cyanobacteria such as Microcystis. Gene expression signatures of algal-derived carbon utilization for two isolates were identified in Microcystis blooms in Lake Erie and Lake Tai (Taihu) at low levels, suggesting these organisms are active and may have a functional role during Microcystis blooms in aggregates, but were largely missing from whole water samples. These findings build on the growing evidence that the bacterial microbiome associated with bloom-forming algae have the functional potential to contribute to nutrient exchange within bloom communities and interact with important bloom formers like Microcystis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa K. Hoke
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Guadalupe Reynoso
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States of America
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Morgan R. Smith
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States of America
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Malia I. Gardner
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States of America
| | | | - Naomi E. Gilbert
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States of America
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | | | | | - Grant J. Brennan
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States of America
| | | | - Shannon R. Farnan
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Victoria Mendoza
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Alison C. Poole
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States of America
| | | | - Lucy K. Utz
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Louie L. Wurch
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Morgan M. Steffen
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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44
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Li C, Hambright KD, Bowen HG, Trammell MA, Grossart HP, Burford MA, Hamilton DP, Jiang H, Latour D, Meyer EI, Padisák J, Zamor RM, Krumholz LR. Global co-occurrence of methanogenic archaea and methanotrophic bacteria in Microcystis aggregates. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:6503-6519. [PMID: 34327792 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Global warming and eutrophication contribute to the worldwide increase in cyanobacterial blooms, and the level of cyanobacterial biomass is strongly associated with rises in methane emissions from surface lake waters. Hence, methane-metabolizing microorganisms may be important for modulating carbon flow in cyanobacterial blooms. Here, we surveyed methanogenic and methanotrophic communities associated with floating Microcystis aggregates in 10 lakes spanning four continents, through sequencing of 16S rRNA and functional marker genes. Methanogenic archaea (mainly Methanoregula and Methanosaeta) were detectable in 5 of the 10 lakes and constituted the majority (~50%-90%) of the archaeal community in these lakes. Three of the 10 lakes contained relatively more abundant methanotrophs than the other seven lakes, with the methanotrophic genera Methyloparacoccus, Crenothrix, and an uncultured species related to Methylobacter dominating and nearly exclusively found in each of those three lakes. These three are among the five lakes in which methanogens were observed. Operational taxonomic unit (OTU) richness and abundance of methanotrophs were strongly positively correlated with those of methanogens, suggesting that their activities may be coupled. These Microcystis-aggregate-associated methanotrophs may be responsible for a hitherto overlooked sink for methane in surface freshwaters, and their co-occurrence with methanogens sheds light on the methane cycle in cyanobacterial aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Li
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Institute for Energy and the Environment, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Ok, USA
| | - K David Hambright
- Plankton Ecology and Limnology Laboratory, Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and the Geographical Ecology Group, Department of Biology, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Hannah G Bowen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Majoi A Trammell
- Biomedical Research Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Hans-Peter Grossart
- Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz Institute for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, and Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michele A Burford
- Australian Rivers Institute and School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld, Australia
| | - David P Hamilton
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld, Australia
| | - Helong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Delphine Latour
- Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS, LMGE, Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Elisabeth I Meyer
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Judit Padisák
- Research Group of Limnology, Centre of Natural Sciences, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | | | - Lee R Krumholz
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Institute for Energy and the Environment, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Ok, USA
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45
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Lehman PW, Kurobe T, Huynh K, Lesmeister S, Teh SJ. Covariance of Phytoplankton, Bacteria, and Zooplankton Communities Within Microcystis Blooms in San Francisco Estuary. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:632264. [PMID: 34163439 PMCID: PMC8215387 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.632264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcystis blooms have occurred in upper San Francisco Estuary (USFE) since 1999, but their potential impacts on plankton communities have not been fully quantified. Five years of field data collected from stations across the freshwater reaches of the estuary were used to identify the plankton communities that covaried with Microcystis blooms, including non-photosynthetic bacteria, cyanobacteria, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and benthic genera using a suite of analyses, including microscopy, quantitative PCR (qPCR), and shotgun metagenomic analysis. Coherence between the abundance of Microcystis and members of the plankton community was determined by hierarchal cluster analysis (CLUSTER) and type 3 similarity profile analysis (SIMPROF), as well as correlation analysis. Microcystis abundance varied with many cyanobacteria and phytoplankton genera and was most closely correlated with the non-toxic cyanobacterium Merismopoedia, the green algae Monoraphidium and Chlamydomonas, and the potentially toxic cyanobacteria Pseudoanabaena, Dolichospermum, Planktothrix, Sphaerospermopsis, and Aphanizomenon. Among non-photosynthetic bacteria, the xenobiotic bacterium Phenylobacterium was the most closely correlated with Microcystis abundance. The coherence of DNA sequences for phyla across trophic levels in the plankton community also demonstrated the decrease in large zooplankton and increase in small zooplankton during blooms. The breadth of correlations between Microcystis and plankton across trophic levels suggests Microcystis influences ecosystem production through bottom-up control during blooms. Importantly, the abundance of Microcystis and other members of the plankton community varied with wet and dry conditions, indicating climate was a significant driver of trophic structure during blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy W. Lehman
- Division of Environmental Services, California Department of Water Resources, West Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Tomofumi Kurobe
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Khiet Huynh
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sarah Lesmeister
- Division of Environmental Services, California Department of Water Resources, West Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Swee J. Teh
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Dick GJ, Duhaime MB, Evans JT, Errera RM, Godwin CM, Kharbush JJ, Nitschky HS, Powers MA, Vanderploeg HA, Schmidt KC, Smith DJ, Yancey CE, Zwiers CC, Denef VJ. The genetic and ecophysiological diversity of Microcystis. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:7278-7313. [PMID: 34056822 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Microcystis is a cyanobacterium that forms toxic blooms in freshwater ecosystems around the world. Biological variation among taxa within the genus is apparent through genetic and phenotypic differences between strains and via the spatial and temporal distribution of strains in the environment, and this fine-scale diversity exerts strong influence over bloom toxicity. Yet we do not know how varying traits of Microcystis strains govern their environmental distribution, the tradeoffs and links between these traits, or how they are encoded at the genomic level. Here we synthesize current knowledge on the importance of diversity within Microcystis and on the genes and traits that likely underpin ecological differentiation of taxa. We briefly review spatial and environmental patterns of Microcystis diversity in the field and genetic evidence for cohesive groups within Microcystis. We then compile data on strain-level diversity regarding growth responses to environmental conditions and explore evidence for variation of community interactions across Microcystis strains. Potential links and tradeoffs between traits are identified and discussed. The resulting picture, while incomplete, highlights key knowledge gaps that need to be filled to enable new models for predicting strain-level dynamics, which influence the development, toxicity and cosmopolitan nature of Microcystis blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Dick
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Melissa B Duhaime
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jacob T Evans
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Reagan M Errera
- National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Great Lakes Environmental Research Lab, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Casey M Godwin
- School for Environment and Sustainability, Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jenan J Kharbush
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Helena S Nitschky
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - McKenzie A Powers
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Henry A Vanderploeg
- National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Great Lakes Environmental Research Lab, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kathryn C Schmidt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Derek J Smith
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Colleen E Yancey
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Claire C Zwiers
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vincent J Denef
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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47
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Smith DJ, Tan JY, Powers MA, Lin XN, Davis TW, Dick GJ. Individual Microcystis colonies harbour distinct bacterial communities that differ by Microcystis oligotype and with time. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:3020-3036. [PMID: 33830633 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between bacteria and phytoplankton in the phycosphere have impacts at the scale of whole ecosystems, including the development of harmful algal blooms. The cyanobacterium Microcystis causes toxic blooms that threaten freshwater ecosystems and human health globally. Microcystis grows in colonies that harbour dense assemblages of other bacteria, yet the taxonomic composition of these phycosphere communities and the nature of their interactions with Microcystis are not well characterized. To identify the taxa and compositional variance within Microcystis phycosphere communities, we performed 16S rRNA V4 region amplicon sequencing on individual Microcystis colonies collected biweekly via high-throughput droplet encapsulation during a western Lake Erie cyanobacterial bloom. The Microcystis phycosphere communities were distinct from microbial communities in whole water and bulk phytoplankton seston in western Lake Erie but lacked 'core' taxa found across all colonies. However, dissimilarity in phycosphere community composition correlated with sampling date and the Microcystis 16S rRNA oligotype. Several taxa in the phycosphere were specific to and conserved with Microcystis of a single oligotype or sampling date. Together, this suggests that physiological differences between Microcystis strains, temporal changes in strain phenotypes, and the composition of seeding communities may impact community composition of the Microcystis phycosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Smith
- Department of Earth & Environmental Science, The University of Michigan, 1100 N. University Building, 1100 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - James Y Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Michigan, NCRC, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Abor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - McKenzie A Powers
- Department of Earth & Environmental Science, The University of Michigan, 1100 N. University Building, 1100 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xiaoxia N Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Michigan, NCRC, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Abor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Timothy W Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Life Sciences Building, Corner of N. College Dr and E. Merry Avenue, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA
| | - Gregory J Dick
- Department of Earth & Environmental Science, The University of Michigan, 1100 N. University Building, 1100 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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48
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Liu F, Giometto A, Wu M. Microfluidic and mathematical modeling of aquatic microbial communities. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:2331-2344. [PMID: 33244684 PMCID: PMC7990691 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-03085-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic microbial communities contribute fundamentally to biogeochemical transformations in natural ecosystems, and disruption of these communities can lead to ecological disasters such as harmful algal blooms. Microbial communities are highly dynamic, and their composition and function are tightly controlled by the biophysical (e.g., light, fluid flow, and temperature) and biochemical (e.g., chemical gradients and cell concentration) parameters of the surrounding environment. Due to the large number of environmental factors involved, a systematic understanding of the microbial community-environment interactions is lacking. In this article, we show that microfluidic platforms present a unique opportunity to recreate well-defined environmental factors in a laboratory setting in a high throughput way, enabling quantitative studies of microbial communities that are amenable to theoretical modeling. The focus of this article is on aquatic microbial communities, but the microfluidic and mathematical models discussed here can be readily applied to investigate other microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangchen Liu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Andrea Giometto
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Mingming Wu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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49
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Laureano-Rosario AE, McFarland M, Bradshaw DJ, Metz J, Brewton RA, Pitts T, Perricone C, Schreiber S, Stockley N, Wang G, Guzmán EA, Lapointe BE, Wright AE, Jacoby CA, Twardowski MS. Dynamics of microcystins and saxitoxin in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida. HARMFUL ALGAE 2021; 103:102012. [PMID: 33980451 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms that can produce toxins are common in the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), which covers ~250 km of Florida's east coast. The current study assessed the dynamics of microcystins and saxitoxin in six segments of the IRL: Banana River Lagoon (BRL), Mosquito Lagoon (ML), Northern IRL (NIRL), Central IRL (CIRL), Southern IRL (SIRL), and the St. Lucie Estuary (SLE). Surface water samples (n = 40) collected during the 2018 wet and 2019 dry season were analyzed to determine associations between toxins and temperature, salinity, pH, oxygen saturation, concentrations of dissolved nutrients and chlorophyll-a, presence of biosynthetic genes for toxins, relative abundance of planktonic species, and composition of the microbial community. The potential toxicity of samples was assessed using multiple mammalian cell lines. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays were used to determine concentrations of microcystins and saxitoxin. Overall, the microcystins concentration ranged between 0.01-85.70 µg/L, and saxitoxin concentrations ranged between 0.01-2.43 µg/L across the IRL. Microcystins concentrations were 65% below the limit of quantification (0.05 µg/L), and saxitoxin concentrations were 85% below the limit of detection (0.02 µg/L). Microcystins concentrations were higher in the SLE, while saxitoxin was elevated in the NIRL and BRL. Cytotoxicity related to the presence of microcystins was seen in the SLE during the wet season. No significant patterns between cytotoxicity and saxitoxin were identified. Dissolved nutrients were identified as the most highly related parameters, explaining 53% of microcystin and 47% of saxitoxin variability. Multivariate models suggested cyanobacteria, flagellates, ciliates, and diatoms as the subset of microorganisms whose abundances were maximally correlated with saxitoxin and microcystins concentrations. Lastly, biosynthetic genes for microcystins were detected in the SLE and for saxitoxin in the BRL and NIRL. These results highlight the synergistic roles environmental and biological parameters play in influencing the dynamics of toxin production by harmful algae in the IRL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdiel E Laureano-Rosario
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US 1 N, Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, USA.
| | - Malcolm McFarland
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US 1 N, Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, USA
| | - David J Bradshaw
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US 1 N, Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, USA
| | - Jackie Metz
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US 1 N, Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, USA
| | - Rachel A Brewton
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US 1 N, Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, USA
| | - Tara Pitts
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US 1 N, Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, USA
| | - Carlie Perricone
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US 1 N, Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, USA
| | - Stephanie Schreiber
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US 1 N, Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, USA
| | - Nicole Stockley
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US 1 N, Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, USA
| | - Guojun Wang
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US 1 N, Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, USA
| | - Esther A Guzmán
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US 1 N, Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, USA
| | - Brian E Lapointe
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US 1 N, Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, USA
| | - Amy E Wright
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US 1 N, Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, USA
| | - Charles A Jacoby
- St. Johns River Water Management District, PO Box 1429, Palatka, Florida 32178, USA
| | - Michael S Twardowski
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US 1 N, Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, USA
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50
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Ye T, Zhao Z, Bai L, Song N, Jiang H. Characteristics and bacterial community dynamics during extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) degradation of cyanobacterial blooms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 748:142309. [PMID: 33113670 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), which composed of different organic components, play an important role in the formation of mucilaginous cyanobacterial bloom. However, how the phylogeny of microbial community coupling with the degradation of EPS matrixes remains unclear. A better understanding of the dynamic process not only give insight into the carbon cycling in the phycosphere, but also provide a new approach for controlling the cyanobacteria bloom. In this study, fractionated EPSs were prepared as a carbon source to enrich different particle size microorganisms. Changes of organic components in EPSs and microbial communities in the degradation process were investigated using Fluorescence excitation and emission matrix (EEM) and Illumina sequencing. The results showed that it is the change of organic components in the degradation process that causes the microbial community to follow a certain succession law. Size-fractionated microorganisms exhibited different hydrolytic activities when interacting with macromolecules, but they did not present different phylogenetic compositions. The changes of humic-like C1 and tryptophan-like C3 in EPSs were significantly correlated to the variations of microbial community composition and diversity. Tightly-bound EPSs (TB-EPSs) contained more low molecular single carbon compounds and were more easily utilized by more diverse microorganisms. Betaproteobacteria, Firmicute, Alphaproteobacteria, Sphingobacteria and Actinobacter were significantly correlated with the changes of organic maters through the humification process. Meanwhile, loosely-bound EPSs (LB-EPSs), which composed of more macromolecules, were more affiliated to a functional organized microbial community. When Gammaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria were involved in LB-EPS degradation as indicators, the polysaccharide structures changed dramatically. And the content of some small molecules was briefly increased during the degradation process. Therefore, in order to prevent algal bloom from reducing cellular aggregation by decreasing viscous EPSs, specialized microbial communities should be considered in the phycosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianran Ye
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210007, China
| | - Leilei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Na Song
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Helong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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