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Promsuk J, Manissorn J, Laomeephol C, Luckanagul JA, Methachittipan A, Tonsomboon K, Jenjob R, Yang SG, Thongnuek P, Wangkanont K. Optimizing protein delivery rate from silk fibroin hydrogel using silk fibroin-mimetic peptides conjugation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4428. [PMID: 38395958 PMCID: PMC10891107 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53689-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Controlled release of proteins, such as growth factors, from biocompatible silk fibroin (SF) hydrogel is valuable for its use in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and other biological systems. To achieve this, we introduced silk fibroin-mimetic peptides (SFMPs) with the repeating unit (GAGAGS)n. Using green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a model protein, our results showed that SFMPs did not affect the GFP function when conjugated to it. The SFMP-GFP conjugates incorporated into SF hydrogel did not change the gelation time and allowed for controlled release of the GFP. By varying the length of SFMPs, we were able to modulate the release rate, with longer SFMPs resulting in a slower release, both in water at room temperature and PBS at 37 °C. Furthermore, the SF hydrogel with the SFMPs showed greater strength and stiffness. The increased β-sheet fraction of the SF hydrogel, as revealed by FTIR analysis, explained the gel properties and protein release behavior. Our results suggest that the SFMPs effectively control protein release from SF hydrogel, with the potential to enhance its mechanical stability. The ability to modulate release rates by varying the SFMP length will benefit personalized and controlled protein delivery in various systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaturong Promsuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Molecular Crop, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Juthatip Manissorn
- Biomedical Materials and Devices for Revolutionary Integrative Systems Engineering Research Unit (BMD-RISE), Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Chavee Laomeephol
- Biomedical Materials and Devices for Revolutionary Integrative Systems Engineering Research Unit (BMD-RISE), Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Jittima Amie Luckanagul
- Biomedical Materials and Devices for Revolutionary Integrative Systems Engineering Research Unit (BMD-RISE), Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Apipon Methachittipan
- Nano Engineering Program, International School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Khaow Tonsomboon
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Ratchapol Jenjob
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 FOUR Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Geun Yang
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 FOUR Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Peerapat Thongnuek
- Biomedical Materials and Devices for Revolutionary Integrative Systems Engineering Research Unit (BMD-RISE), Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Kittikhun Wangkanont
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Molecular Crop, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Wang HY, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Zhang YQ. Functional modification of silk fibroin from silkworms and its application to medical biomaterials: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129099. [PMID: 38176506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF) from the silkworm Bombyx mori is a fibrous protein identified as a widely suitable biomaterial due to its biocompatibility, tunable degradation, and mechanical strength. Various modifications of SF protein can give SF fibers new properties and functions, broadening their applications in textile and biomedical industries. A diverse array of functional modifications on various forms of SF has been reported. In order to provide researchers with a more systematic understanding of the types of functional modifications of SF protein, as well as the corresponding applications, we comprehensively review the different types of functional modifications, including transgenic modification, modifications with chemical groups or biologically active substance, cross-linking and copolymerization without chemical reactions, their specific modification methods and applications. Furthermore, recent applications of SF in various medical biomaterials are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Wang
- Obstetrical department, The People's Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Obstetrical department, The People's Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Innovation of Silkworm and Bee Resources, Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- Silk Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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3
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Castro Mora MP, Palacio Varona J, Perez Riaño B, Laverde Cubides C, Rey-Rodriguez DV. Effectiveness of topical insulin for the treatment of surface corneal pathologies. ARCHIVOS DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE OFTALMOLOGIA 2023; 98:220-232. [PMID: 36871851 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftale.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The Purpose is to identify, through a systematic literature review, the current evidence regarding the effectiveness of topical insulin treatment in ocular surface pathologies. A literature search was implemented in Medline (Pubmed), Embase and Web Of Science medical indexing databases by using keywords such as "insulin" AND "cornea" OR "corneal" OR "dry eye" in published papers in English or Spanish within the last eleven years (2011-2022). Nine papers were identified with 180 participants from the United States, Spain, Ireland, Canada, Portugal and Malaysia, with persistent refractory epithelial defects and secondary to vitrectomy, whose extension of the lesion was from 3,75mm2 to 65.47mm2. The preparation was dissolved with artificial tears and the insulin concentration ranged from 1 IU/ml to 100 IU/ml. In all cases, the resolution of the clinical picture was complete with a healing time from 2.5 days to 60.9 days, the latter being a secondary case to a difficult-to-control caustic burn. Topical insulin has been effective for the treatment of persistent epithelial defects. The intermediate action and low concentrations showed a shorter resolution time in neurotrophic ulcers and induced during vitreoretinal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - B Perez Riaño
- Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
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Hanif S, Javed R, Khan A, Sajjad A, Zia M. IAA-decorated CuO nanocarriers significantly improve Chickpea growth by increasing antioxidative activities. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:104. [PMID: 36875960 PMCID: PMC9975142 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03516-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant growth regulators tagged on metallic oxide nanoparticles (NPs) may function as nanofertilizers with reduced toxicity of NPs. CuO NPs were synthesized to function as nanocarriers of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed 30.4 nm size of NPs and sheet-like structure, respectively, of CuO-IAA NPs. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed CuO-IAA formation. IAA-decorated CuO NPs enhanced the physiological parameters of Chickpea plants, i.e., root length, shoot length, and biomass compared to naked CuO NPs. The variation in physiological response was due to change of phytochemical contents in plants. Phenolic content increased up to 17.98 and 18.13 µgGAE/mg DW at 20 and 40 mg/L of CuO-IAA NPs, respectively. However, significant decrease in antioxidant enzymes' activity was recorded compared to control. Presence of CuO-IAA NPs increased the reducing potential of plants at higher concentration of NPs, while decrease in total antioxidant response was observed. This study concludes that IAA conjugation to CuO NPs reduces toxicity of NPs. Furthermore, NPs can be explored as nanocarriers for plant modulators and slow release in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Hanif
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320 Pakistan
| | - Rabia Javed
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, Corner Brook, NF A2H 5G4 Canada
| | - Aisha Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320 Pakistan
| | - Anila Sajjad
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320 Pakistan
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5
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Qi Z, Yan Z, Tan G, Jia T, Geng Y, Shao H, Kundu SC, Lu S. Silk Fibroin Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery: Where Do We Stand and How Far Can We Proceed? Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020355. [PMID: 36839676 PMCID: PMC9964088 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Microneedles are a patient-friendly technique for delivering drugs to the site of action in place of traditional oral and injectable administration. Silk fibroin represents an interesting polymeric biomaterial because of its mechanical properties, thermal stability, biocompatibility and possibility of control via genetic engineering. This review focuses on the critical research progress of silk fibroin microneedles since their inception, analyzes in detail the structure and properties of silk fibroin, the types of silk fibroin microneedles, drug delivery applications and clinical trials, and summarizes the future development trend in this field. It also proposes the future research direction of silk fibroin microneedles, including increasing drug loading doses and enriching drug loading types as well as exploring silk fibroin microneedles with stimulation-responsive drug release functions. The safety and effectiveness of silk fibroin microneedles should be further verified in clinical trials at different stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Qi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zheng Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Guohongfang Tan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tianshuo Jia
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yiyu Geng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Huiyan Shao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Subhas C. Kundu
- 3Bs Research Group, I3Bs Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegrabilities, and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Guimaraes, 4805-017 Barco, Portugal
| | - Shenzhou Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-512-67061152
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6
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Khan RS, Rather AH, Wani TU, Rather SU, Amna T, Hassan MS, Sheikh FA. Recent trends using natural polymeric nanofibers as supports for enzyme immobilization and catalysis. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:22-40. [PMID: 36169115 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
All the disciplines of science, especially biotechnology, have given continuous attention to the area of enzyme immobilization. However, the structural support made by material science intervention determines the performance of immobilized enzymes. Studies have proven that nanostructured supports can maintain better catalytic performance and improve immobilization efficiency. The recent trends in the application of nanofibers using natural polymers for enzyme immobilization have been addressed in this review article. A comprehensive survey about the immobilization strategies and their characteristics are highlighted. The natural polymers, e.g., chitin, chitosan, silk fibroin, gelatin, cellulose, and their blends with other synthetic polymers capable of immobilizing enzymes in their 1D nanofibrous form, are discussed. The multiple applications of enzymes immobilized on nanofibers in biocatalysis, biosensors, biofuels, antifouling, regenerative medicine, biomolecule degradation, etc.; some of these are discussed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumysa S Khan
- Nanostructured and Biomimetic Lab, Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Anjum H Rather
- Nanostructured and Biomimetic Lab, Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Taha U Wani
- Nanostructured and Biomimetic Lab, Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sami-Ullah Rather
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Touseef Amna
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Shamshi Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faheem A Sheikh
- Nanostructured and Biomimetic Lab, Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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7
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Gonzalez-Obeso C, Jane Hartzell E, Albert Scheel R, Kaplan DL. Delivering on the promise of recombinant silk-inspired proteins for drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 192:114622. [PMID: 36414094 PMCID: PMC9812964 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Effective drug delivery is essential for the success of a medical treatment. Polymeric drug delivery systems (DDSs) are preferred over systemic administration of drugs due to their protection capacity, directed release, and reduced side effects. Among the numerous polymer sources, silks and recombinant silks have drawn significant attention over the past decade as DDSs. Native silk is produced from a variety of organisms, which are then used as sources or guides of genetic material for heterologous expression or engineered designs. Recombinant silks bear the outstanding properties of natural silk, such as processability in aqueous solution, self-assembly, drug loading capacity, drug stabilization/protection, and degradability, while incorporating specific properties beneficial for their success as DDS, such as monodispersity and tailored physicochemical properties. Moreover, the on-demand inclusion of sequences that customize the DDS for the specific application enhances efficiency. Often, inclusion of a drug into a DDS is achieved by simple mixing or diffusion and stabilized by non-specific molecular interactions; however, these interactions can be improved by the incorporation of drug-binding peptide sequences. In this review we provide an overview of native sources for silks and silk sequences, as well as the design and formulation of recombinant silk biomaterials as drug delivery systems in a variety of formats, such as films, hydrogels, porous sponges, or particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constancio Gonzalez-Obeso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Emily Jane Hartzell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Ryan Albert Scheel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA.
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8
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d'Amone L, Trivedi VD, Nair NU, Omenetto FG. A Silk-Based Platform to Stabilize Phenylalanine Ammonia-lyase for Orally Administered Enzyme Replacement Therapy. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:4625-4630. [PMID: 35862031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) has gained attention in recent years for the treatment of phenylketonuria (PKU), a genetic disorder that affects ∼1 in 15 000 individuals globally. However, the enzyme is easily degraded by proteases, unstable at room temperature, and currently administered in PKU patients as daily subcutaneous injections. We report here the stabilization of the PAL from Anabaena variabilis, which is currently used to formulate pegvaliase, through incorporation in a silk fibroin matrix. The combination with silk stabilizes PAL at 37 °C. In addition, in vitro studies showed that inclusion in a silk matrix preserves the biological activity of the enzyme in simulated intestinal fluid, which will enable oral administration of PAL to treat PKU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana d'Amone
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Vikas D Trivedi
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States.,Department of Structural Biology and Center for Data Driven Discovery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678, United States
| | - Nikhil U Nair
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Fiorenzo G Omenetto
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States.,Department of Physics, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States.,Laboratory for Living Devices, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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9
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Masoumi B, Tabibiazar M, Golchinfar Z, Mohammadifar M, Hamishehkar H. A review of protein-phenolic acid interaction: reaction mechanisms and applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3539-3555. [PMID: 36222353 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2132376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic acids (PA) are types of phytochemicals with health benefits. The interaction between proteins and PAs can cause minor or extensive changes in the structure of proteins and subsequently affect various protein properties. This study investigates the protein/PA (PPA) interaction and its effects on the structural, physicochemical, and functional properties of the system. This work particularly focused on the ability of PAs as a subgroup of phenolic compounds (PC) on the modification of proteins. Different aspects including the influence of structure affinity relationship and molecular weight of PA on the protein interaction have been discussed in this review. The physicochemical properties of PPA change mainly due to the change of hydrophilic/hydrophobic parts and/or the formation of some covalent and non-covalent interactions. Furthermore, PPA interactions affecting functional properties were discussed in separate sections. Due to insufficient studies on the interaction of PPAs, understanding the mechanism and also the type of binding between protein and PA can help to develop a new generation of PPA. These systems seem to have good capabilities in the formulation of low-fat foods like high internal Phase Emulsions, drug delivery systems, hydrogel structures, multifunctional fibers or packaging films, and 3 D printing in the meat processing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Masoumi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Tabibiazar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Golchinfar
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadamin Mohammadifar
- Research Group for Food Production Engineering, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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10
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Wang H, Duan S, Chen Y, Liu H, Tian J, Wu F, Du Z, Tang L, Li Y, Ding S. Study on a Natural Silk Cocoon Membrane-Based Versatile and Stable Immunosensing Platform via Directional Immunoaffinity Recognition. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:35297-35304. [PMID: 36211073 PMCID: PMC9535715 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of immunosensing assays for in vitro diagnostics has attracted great attention in recent years. Various substrate materials and immobilization methods of biomolecules were exploited for immunosensors, but their bioactivity and longevity have been facing serious challenges. To address this limitation, we investigated a natural silk cocoon membrane as immunosensing substrate material. By using its intrinsic properties, the target biomolecules were immobilized on the membrane through directional immunoaffinity recognition. The silk cocoon membrane-based immunosensor showed great potential for both qualitative and quantitative immunoassays, through naked-eye observation or analyzing the change in red color intensity, respectively. The immunosensor exhibited significant detection capability for anti-D (titer 1:1024) sensitized red blood cells. The colorimetric responses of concentrations ranged from 1 μg/mL to 1 ng/mL, and the detection limit for anti-D was 3.4 ng/mL. The immunosensor also showed excellent stability for the immobilized antibodies when stored at 4 and 25 °C; the bioactivity remained unchanged or slightly declined within 40 weeks. Even at 37 °C, the bioactivity began to decline after 12 weeks. This current work highlights the potential of using the natural silk cocoon membrane as a substrate for a versatile and thermally stable immunosensing platform for application in immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Wang
- CAS
Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou
Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences. No. 88,
Keling Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu
Province 215163, China
- Jihua
Laboratory, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Shengbao Duan
- CAS
Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou
Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences. No. 88,
Keling Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu
Province 215163, China
- Jihua
Laboratory, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Yezhou Chen
- CAS
Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou
Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences. No. 88,
Keling Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu
Province 215163, China
- Jihua
Laboratory, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Suzhou
Guoke Sibeta Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Jingjing Tian
- CAS
Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou
Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences. No. 88,
Keling Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu
Province 215163, China
| | - Feiran Wu
- Jihua
Laboratory, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Ziqian Du
- Jihua
Laboratory, Foshan 528200, China
| | | | - Yong Li
- CAS
Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou
Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences. No. 88,
Keling Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu
Province 215163, China
- Jihua
Laboratory, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Shaohua Ding
- CAS
Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou
Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences. No. 88,
Keling Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu
Province 215163, China
- Jihua
Laboratory, Foshan 528200, China
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11
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Sideratou Z, Biagiotti M, Tsiourvas D, Panagiotaki KN, Zucca MV, Freddi G, Lovati AB, Bottagisio M. Antibiotic-Loaded Hyperbranched Polyester Embedded into Peptide-Enriched Silk Fibroin for the Treatment of Orthopedic or Dental Infections. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3182. [PMID: 36144970 PMCID: PMC9503932 DOI: 10.3390/nano12183182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of innovative osteoconductive matrices, which are enriched with antibiotic delivery nanosystems, has the invaluable potential to achieve both local contaminant eradication and the osseointegration of implanted devices. With the aim of producing safe, bioactive materials that have osteoconductive and antibacterial properties, novel, antibiotic-loaded, functionalized nanoparticles (AFN)-based on carboxylic acid functionalized hyperbranched aliphatic polyester (CHAP) that can be integrated into peptide-enriched silk fibroin (PSF) matrices with osteoconductive properties-were successfully synthesized. The obtained AFNPSF sponges were first physico-chemically characterized and then tested in vitro against eukaryotic cells and bacteria involved in orthopedic or oral infections. The biocompatibility and microbiological tests confirmed the promising characteristics of the AFN-PSF products for both orthopedic and dental applications. These preliminary results encourage the establishment of AFN-PSF-based preventative strategies in the fight against implant-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Sideratou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | | | - Dimitris Tsiourvas
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Katerina N. Panagiotaki
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Marta V. Zucca
- Silk Biomaterials SRL, Via Cavour 2, 22074 Lomazzo, Italy
| | | | - Arianna B. Lovati
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Bottagisio
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy
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12
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Wang Y, Boero G, Zhang X, Brugger J. Nanopore Generation in Biodegradable Silk/Magnetic Nanoparticle Membranes by an External Magnetic Field for Implantable Drug Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:40418-40426. [PMID: 36036484 PMCID: PMC9460430 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Implantable devices for localized and controlled drug release are important, e.g., for therapies of cancer and chronic pain. However, most of the existing active implants are limited by the usage of nonbiodegradable materials; thus, surgery is needed to extract them after the treatment, which leads to secondary damage. Here, we show a fully biodegradable composite membrane made from silk fibroin and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The membrane porosity can be remotely modified by an alternating magnetic field, which opens nanopores by local heating of MNPs in the composite allowing a liquid to diffuse through them. The stability of the silk membrane in water can be prolonged up to several months by increasing its β-sheet content through ethanol annealing. We present the following original findings. (a) Nanopores can be generated inside the silk/MNP composite membrane by exposing it to an external alternating magnetic field. (b) A longer exposure time results in more nanopore sites. (c) The controllable release of rhodamine B dye is achieved by tuning the period of exposure to the magnetic field. The obtained results demonstrate the suitability of the investigated silk/MNP composite membrane as a potential functional material for implantable drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Food
Science and Technology Program, Beijing
Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International
College, 519087 Zhuhai, China
- Microsystems
Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Boero
- Microsystems
Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xiaosheng Zhang
- School
of Electronic Science and Engineering, University
of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731 Chengdu, China
| | - Juergen Brugger
- Microsystems
Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Lin M, Xie W, Cheng X, Yang Y, Sonamuthu J, Zhou Y, Yang X, Cai Y. Fabrication of silk fibroin film enhanced by acid hydrolyzed silk fibroin nanowhiskers to improve bacterial inhibition and biocompatibility efficacy. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2022; 33:1308-1323. [PMID: 35260043 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2022.2051694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, silk fibroin nanowhiskers (SNWs) were extracted from natural silk fiber by sulfuric acid hydrolysis with the assistance of ultrasonic wave treatment. The obtained SNWs were mixed with regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) solution to fabricate the SNWs/RSF films. The fabricating SNWs were systematically characterized by using SEM, FTIR, and the SNWs/RSF films were observed by digital camera, PM, etc. The results show that the monodisperse SNWs are evenly distributed in the RSF film. The presence of SNWs in RSF film significantly improves the performances of the film, including the swelling ability, mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, antibacterial efficacy, cytocompatibility. Meanwhile, the SNWs/RSF film can endorse the wound healing efficiency in vivo mice wound site. The proposed techniques for extracting SNWs and fabricating silk fibroin composite film may provide a valuable method for creating an ideal silk-based material for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjiao Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuwen Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuncong Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Ying Zhou
- College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Yang
- Academy of Science and Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yurong Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Abstract
The use of saliva as a diagnostic biofluid has been increasing in recent years, thanks to the identification and validation of new biomarkers and improvements in test accuracy, sensitivity, and precision that enable the development of new noninvasive and cost-effective devices. However, the lack of standardized methods for sample collection, treatment, and storage contribute to the overall variability and lack of reproducibility across analytical evaluations. Furthermore, the instability of salivary biomarkers after sample collection hinders their translation into commercially available technologies for noninvasive monitoring of saliva in home settings. The present review aims to highlight the status of research on the challenges of collecting and using diagnostic salivary samples, emphasizing the methodologies used to preserve relevant proteins, hormones, genomic, and transcriptomic biomarkers during sample handling and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana d'Amone
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Giusy Matzeu
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Fiorenzo G Omenetto
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States.,Department of Physics, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States.,Laboratory for Living Devices, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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15
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Xu X, Ren Z, Zhang M, Ma L. Enzymatic degradability and release properties of graphene oxide/silk fibroin nanocomposite films. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiafan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University Nanning P. R. China
| | - Zilong Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University Nanning P. R. China
| | - Meiqi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University Nanning P. R. China
| | - Lin Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University Nanning P. R. China
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16
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Fitzpatrick V, Martín-Moldes Z, Deck A, Torres-Sanchez R, Valat A, Cairns D, Li C, Kaplan DL. Functionalized 3D-printed silk-hydroxyapatite scaffolds for enhanced bone regeneration with innervation and vascularization. Biomaterials 2021; 276:120995. [PMID: 34256231 PMCID: PMC8408341 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Our goal was to generate functionalized 3D-printed scaffolds for bone regeneration using silk-hydroxyapatite bone cements and osteoinductive, proangiogenic and neurotrophic growth factors or morphogens for accelerated bone formation. 3D printing was utilized to generate macroporous scaffolds with controlled geometries and architectures that promote osseointegration. We build on the knowledge that the osteoinductive factor Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP2) can also positively impact vascularization, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) can impact osteoblastic differentiation, and that Neural Growth Factor (NGF)-mediated signaling can influence bone regeneration. We assessed functions on the 3D printed construct via the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells; migration and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells; and proliferation of human induced neural stem cells. The scaffolds provided mechanical properties suitable for bone and the materials were cytocompatible, osteoconductive and maintained the activity of the morphogens and cytokines. Synergistic outcomes between BMP-2, VEGF and NGF in terms of osteoblastic differentiation in vitro were identified, based on the upregulation of genes associated with osteoblastic differentiation (Runt-related transcription factor-2, Osteopontin, Bone Sialoprotein). Additional studies will be required to assess these scaffold designs in vivo. These results are expected to have a strong impact in bone regeneration in dental, oral and maxillofacial surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Fitzpatrick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Zaira Martín-Moldes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Anna Deck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | | | - Anne Valat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Dana Cairns
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Chunmei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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17
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Stinson JA, Boopathy AV, Cieslewicz BM, Zhang Y, Hartman NW, Miller DP, Dirckx M, Hurst BL, Tarbet EB, Kluge JA, Kosuda KM. Enhancing influenza vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy through infection mimicry using silk microneedles. Vaccine 2021; 39:5410-5421. [PMID: 34391593 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Traditional bolus vaccine administration leads to rapid clearance of vaccine from lymphoid tissue. However, there is increasing evidence suggesting that the kinetics of antigen delivery can impact immune responses to vaccines, particularly when tailored to mimic natural infections. Here, we present the specific enhancements sustained release immunization confers to seasonal influenza vaccine, including the magnitude, durability, and breadth of humoral responses. To achieve sustained vaccine delivery kinetics, we have developed a microneedle array patch (MIMIX), with silk fibroin-formulated vaccine tips designed to embed in the dermis after a short application to the skin and release antigen over 1-2 weeks, mimicking the time course of a natural influenza infection. In a preclinical murine model, a single influenza vaccine administration via MIMIX led to faster seroconversion, response-equivalence to prime-boost bolus immunization, higher HAI titers against drifted influenza strains, and improved protective efficacy upon lethal influenza challenge when compared with intramuscular injection. These results highlight infection mimicry, achieved through sustained release silk microneedles, as a powerful approach to improve existing seasonal influenza vaccines, while also suggesting the broader potential of this platform technology to enable more efficacious next-generation vaccines and vaccine combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Stinson
- Vaxess Technologies, Inc., 790 Memorial Drive, Suite 200, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Archana V Boopathy
- Vaxess Technologies, Inc., 790 Memorial Drive, Suite 200, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Brian M Cieslewicz
- Vaxess Technologies, Inc., 790 Memorial Drive, Suite 200, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yichen Zhang
- Vaxess Technologies, Inc., 790 Memorial Drive, Suite 200, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nickolas W Hartman
- Vaxess Technologies, Inc., 790 Memorial Drive, Suite 200, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David P Miller
- Vaxess Technologies, Inc., 790 Memorial Drive, Suite 200, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matthew Dirckx
- Vaxess Technologies, Inc., 790 Memorial Drive, Suite 200, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Brett L Hurst
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, 5600 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - E Bart Tarbet
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, 5600 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Jonathan A Kluge
- Vaxess Technologies, Inc., 790 Memorial Drive, Suite 200, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kathryn M Kosuda
- Vaxess Technologies, Inc., 790 Memorial Drive, Suite 200, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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18
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Abstract
Silk fibroin has been explored as a suitable biomaterial due to its biocompatibility, tunable degradability, low toxicity, and mechanical properties. To harness silk fibroin's innate properties, it is purified from native silkworm cocoons by removing proteins and debris that have the potential to cause inflammatory responses. Typically, within the purification and fabrication steps, chemical solvents, energy-intensive equipment, and large quantities of water are used to reverse engineer silk fibroin into an aqueous solution and then process into the final material format. Gentler, green methods for extraction and fabrication have been developed that reduce or remove the need for harmful chemical additives and energy-inefficient equipment while still producing mechanically robust biomaterials. This review will focus on the alternative green processing and fabrication methods that have proven useful in creating silk fibroin materials for a range of applications including consumer and medical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K DeBari
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Claude I King
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Tahlia A Altgold
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,Biomedical Engineering Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rosalyn D Abbott
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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19
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Seib FP. Emerging Silk Material Trends: Repurposing, Phase Separation and Solution-Based Designs. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:1160. [PMID: 33804578 PMCID: PMC7957590 DOI: 10.3390/ma14051160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Silk continues to amaze. This review unravels the most recent progress in silk science, spanning from fundamental insights to medical silks. Key advances in silk flow are examined, with specific reference to the role of metal ions in switching silk from a storage to a spinning state. Orthogonal thermoplastic silk molding is described, as is the transfer of silk flow principles for the triggering of flow-induced crystallization in other non-silk polymers. Other exciting new developments include silk-inspired liquid-liquid phase separation for non-canonical fiber formation and the creation of "silk organelles" in live cells. This review closes by examining the role of silk fabrics in fashioning facemasks in response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Philipp Seib
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
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20
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Long Y, Cheng X, Jansen JA, Leeuwenburgh SGC, Mao J, Yang F, Chen L. The molecular conformation of silk fibroin regulates osteogenic cell behavior by modulating the stability of the adsorbed protein-material interface. Bone Res 2021; 9:13. [PMID: 33574222 PMCID: PMC7878842 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-020-00130-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF) can be used to construct various stiff material interfaces to support bone formation. An essential preparatory step is to partially transform SF molecules from random coils to β-sheets to render the material water insoluble. However, the influence of the SF conformation on osteogenic cell behavior at the material interface remains unknown. Herein, three stiff SF substrates were prepared by varying the β-sheet content (high, medium, and low). The substrates had a comparable chemical composition, surface topography, and wettability. When adsorbed fibronectin was used as a model cellular adhesive protein, the stability of the adsorbed protein-material interface, in terms of the surface stability of the SF substrates and the accompanying fibronectin detachment resistance, increased with the increasing β-sheet content of the SF substrates. Furthermore, (i) larger areas of cytoskeleton-associated focal adhesions, (ii) higher orders of cytoskeletal organization and (iii) more elongated cell spreading were observed for bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) cultured on SF substrates with high vs. low β-sheet contents, along with enhanced nuclear translocation and activation of YAP/TAZ and RUNX2. Consequently, osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs was stimulated on high β-sheet substrates. These results indicated that the β-sheet content influences osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs on SF materials in vitro by modulating the stability of the adsorbed protein-material interface, which proceeds via protein-focal adhesion-cytoskeleton links and subsequent intracellular mechanotransduction. Our findings emphasize the role of the stability of the adsorbed protein-material interface in cellular mechanotransduction and the perception of stiff SF substrates with different β-sheet contents, which should not be overlooked when engineering stiff biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Long
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China ,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Xian Cheng
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Dentistry–Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - John A. Jansen
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Dentistry–Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander G. C. Leeuwenburgh
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Dentistry–Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jing Mao
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Fang Yang
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Dentistry–Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lili Chen
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China ,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022 China
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21
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Lv S. Silk Fibroin-Based Materials for Catalyst Immobilization. Molecules 2020; 25:E4929. [PMID: 33114465 PMCID: PMC7663501 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Silk fibroin is a widely and commercially available natural protein derived from silkworm cocoons. Thanks to its unique amino acid composition and structure, which lead to localized nanoscale pockets with limited but sufficient hydration for protein interaction and stabilization, silk fibroin has been studied in the field of enzyme immobilization. Results of these studies have demonstrated that silk fibroin offers an important platform for covalent and noncovalent immobilization of enzymes through serving as a stabilization matrix/support with high retention of the biological activity of the enzymes of interest. In the hope of providing suggestions for potential future research directions, this review has been written to briefly introduce and summarize key advances in silk fibroin-based materials for immobilization of both enzymes/biocatalysts (including alkaline phosphatase, β-glucosidase, glucose oxidase, lipase, urease, uricase, horseradish peroxidase, catalase, xanthine oxidase, tyrosinase, acetylcholinesterase, neutral protease, α-chymotrypsin, amylase, organophosphorus hydrolase, β-galactosidase, carbonic anhydrase, laccase, zymolyase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, thymidine kinase, and several others) and non-enzymatic catalysts (such as Au, Pd, Fe, α-Fe2O3, Fe3O4, TiO2, Pt, ZnO, CuO, Cu2O, Mn3O4, and MnO2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composite Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 BeisanhuanDong Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
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22
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Fu Y, Jiang Z, Feng W. A peroxidase coordinating to Zn (II) preventing heme bleaching and resistant to the interference of H 2 O 2. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 37:e3075. [PMID: 32869526 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Dehaloperoxidase (DHP) catalyzes detoxifying halophenols. It is a heme-containing enzyme using H2 O2 as the oxidant. Heme bleaching from the active site is of great concern. In addition, the interference of DHP by H2 O2 leads to the inactivation of the enzyme. To solve these two problems, DHP is coordinated to Zn (II) in PBS buffer to form a biomineralized composite (DHP&Zn-CP). DHP&Zn-CP was characterized by measuring SEM and confocal images, as well as energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry mapping. Fluorescence spectra demonstrated that DHP&Zn-CP can prevent heme bleaching. Two-dimensional FTIR spectra were measured, dynamically providing insight into the structural change of DHP along the coordination process. Raman spectra were performed to analyze the structural change. The optical spectra confirmed that the forming of DHP&Zn-CP had a little effect on the structures of DHP. For the dehalogenation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, DHP&Zn-CP can tolerate the presence of H2 O2 and is resistant to the interference by H2 O2 . The catalytic efficiency of DHP&Zn-CP is much higher than that of free DHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Fu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengfeng Jiang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Biological Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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23
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Lee MS, Hung CS, Phillips DA, Buck CC, Gupta MK, Lux MW. Silk fibroin as an additive for cell-free protein synthesis. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2020; 5:145-154. [PMID: 32637668 PMCID: PMC7320238 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-free systems contain many proteins and metabolites required for complex functions such as transcription and translation or multi-step metabolic conversions. Research into expanding the delivery of these systems by drying or by embedding into other materials is enabling new applications in sensing, point-of-need manufacturing, and responsive materials. Meanwhile, silk fibroin from the silk worm, Bombyx mori, has received attention as a protective additive for dried enzyme formulations and as a material to build biocompatible hydrogels for controlled localization or delivery of biomolecular cargoes. In this work, we explore the effects of silk fibroin as an additive in cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) reactions. Impacts of silk fibroin on CFPS activity and stability after drying, as well as the potential for incorporation of CFPS into hydrogels of crosslinked silk fibroin are assessed. We find that simple addition of silk fibroin increased productivity of the CFPS reactions by up to 42%, which we attribute to macromolecular crowding effects. However, we did not find evidence that silk fibroin provides a protective effects after drying as previously described for purified enzymes. Further, the enzymatic crosslinking transformations of silk fibroin typically used to form hydrogels are inhibited in the presence of the CFPS reaction mixture. Crosslinking attempts did not impact CFPS activity, but did yield localized protein aggregates rather than a hydrogel. We discuss the mechanisms at play in these results and how the silk fibroin-CFPS system might be improved for the design of cell-free devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn S. Lee
- US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical and Biological Center, 8567 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21010, USA
| | - Chia-Suei Hung
- US Air Force Research Laboratory, 2179 12th St., B652/R122 Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Daniel A. Phillips
- US Naval Research Laboratory Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Bldg. 42, Room 303 4555 Overlook Ave. Washington, DC 20375, UES Inc., 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd., Beavercreek, OH 45432, USA
| | - Chelsea C. Buck
- US Air Force Research Laboratory, 2179 12th St., B652/R122 Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, 45433, USA
- US Naval Research Laboratory Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Bldg. 42, Room 303 4555 Overlook Ave. Washington, DC 20375, UES Inc., 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd., Beavercreek, OH 45432, USA
| | - Maneesh K. Gupta
- US Air Force Research Laboratory, 2179 12th St., B652/R122 Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Matthew W. Lux
- US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical and Biological Center, 8567 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21010, USA
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24
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Kaushik S, Thungon PD, Goswami P. Silk Fibroin: An Emerging Biocompatible Material for Application of Enzymes and Whole Cells in Bioelectronics and Bioanalytical Sciences. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4337-4355. [PMID: 33455178 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes and whole cells serve as the active biological entities in a myriad of applications including bioprocesses, bioanalytics, and bioelectronics. Conserving the natural activity of these functional biological entities during their prolonged use is one of the major goals for validating their practical applications. Silk fibroin (SF) has emerged as a biocompatible material to interface with enzymes as well as whole cells. These biomaterials can be tailored both physically and chemically to create excellent scaffolds of different forms such as fibers, films, and powder for immobilization and stabilization of enzymes. The secondary structures of the SF-protein can be attuned to generate hydrophobic/hydrophilic pockets suitable to create the biocompatible microenvironments. The fibrous nature of the SF protein with a dominant hydrophobic property may also serve as an excellent support for promoting cellular adhesion and growth. This review compiles and discusses the recent literature on the application of SF as a biocompatible material at the interface of enzymes and cells in various fields, including the emerging area of bioelectronics and bioanalytical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharbani Kaushik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43201, United States
| | - Phurpa Dema Thungon
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Pranab Goswami
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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25
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Xiong R, Luan J, Kang S, Ye C, Singamaneni S, Tsukruk VV. Biopolymeric photonic structures: design, fabrication, and emerging applications. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:983-1031. [PMID: 31960001 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs01007b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Biological photonic structures can precisely control light propagation, scattering, and emission via hierarchical structures and diverse chemistry, enabling biophotonic applications for transparency, camouflaging, protection, mimicking and signaling. Corresponding natural polymers are promising building blocks for constructing synthetic multifunctional photonic structures owing to their renewability, biocompatibility, mechanical robustness, ambient processing conditions, and diverse surface chemistry. In this review, we provide a summary of the light phenomena in biophotonic structures found in nature, the selection of corresponding biopolymers for synthetic photonic structures, the fabrication strategies for flexible photonics, and corresponding emerging photonic-related applications. We introduce various photonic structures, including multi-layered, opal, and chiral structures, as well as photonic networks in contrast to traditionally considered light absorption and structural photonics. Next, we summarize the bottom-up and top-down fabrication approaches and physical properties of organized biopolymers and highlight the advantages of biopolymers as building blocks for realizing unique bioenabled photonic structures. Furthermore, we consider the integration of synthetic optically active nanocomponents into organized hierarchical biopolymer frameworks for added optical functionalities, such as enhanced iridescence and chiral photoluminescence. Finally, we present an outlook on current trends in biophotonic materials design and fabrication, including current issues, critical needs, as well as promising emerging photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0245, USA.
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Stinson JA, Palmer CR, Miller DP, Li AB, Lightner K, Jost H, Weldon WC, Oberste MS, Kluge JA, Kosuda KM. Thin silk fibroin films as a dried format for temperature stabilization of inactivated polio vaccine. Vaccine 2020; 38:1652-1660. [PMID: 31959422 PMCID: PMC7176408 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Current inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) products are sensitive to both freezing and elevated temperatures and therefore must be shipped and stored between 2 °C and 8 °C, a requirement that imposes financial and logistical challenges for global distribution. As such, there is a critical need for a robust, thermally stable IPV to support global polio eradication and post-eradication immunization needs. Here, we present the development of air-dried thin films for temperature stabilization of IPV using the biomaterial silk fibroin. Thin-film product compositions were optimized for physical properties as well as poliovirus D-antigen recovery and were tested under accelerated and real-time stability storage conditions. Silk fibroin IPV films maintained 70% D-antigen potency after storage for nearly three years at room temperature, and greater than 50% potency for IPV-2 and IPV-3 serotypes at 45 °C for one year. The immunogenicity of silk fibroin IPV films after 2-week storage at 45 °C was assessed in Wistar rats and the stressed films generated equivalent neutralizing antibody responses to commercial vaccine for IPV-1 and IPV-2. However, the absence of IPV-3 responses warrants further investigation into the specificity of ELISA for intact IPV-3 D-antigen. By demonstrating immunogenicity post-storage, we offer the air-dried silk film format as a means to increase IPV vaccine access through innovative delivery systems such as microneedles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Stinson
- Vaxess Technologies, Inc., 790 Memorial Drive, Suite 200, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Carter R Palmer
- Vaxess Technologies, Inc., 790 Memorial Drive, Suite 200, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David P Miller
- Vaxess Technologies, Inc., 790 Memorial Drive, Suite 200, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Adrian B Li
- Vaxess Technologies, Inc., 790 Memorial Drive, Suite 200, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kandice Lightner
- IHRC, 2 Ravinia Drive, Suite 1200, Atlanta, GA 30346, USA, contracted to CDC
| | - Heather Jost
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Division of Viral Diseases, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop H17-6, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - William C Weldon
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Division of Viral Diseases, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop H17-6, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - M Steven Oberste
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Division of Viral Diseases, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop H17-6, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jonathan A Kluge
- Vaxess Technologies, Inc., 790 Memorial Drive, Suite 200, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kathryn M Kosuda
- Vaxess Technologies, Inc., 790 Memorial Drive, Suite 200, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Rastogi S, Kandasubramanian B. Progressive trends in heavy metal ions and dyes adsorption using silk fibroin composites. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:210-237. [PMID: 31836992 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07280-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thriving industrialization for human lifestyle headway has seeded the roots of water intoxication with harmful and hazardous toxic metal ions and dyes, which may ingress into food chains and become homicidal or mutation causing for creatures. The degummed functionalized silk fibroin composites with different biomaterials and synthetic materials are able to show adsorption efficiencies equivalent to 52.5%, 90%, 81.1%, 93.75%, 84.2%, and 98.9% for chromium, copper, cadmium, lead, thorium, and uranium ions, respectively, and adsorption capacity of 88.5 mg/g, 74.63 mg/g, 76.34 mg/g, and 72 mg/L for acid yellow 11, naphthol orange, direct orange S, and methylene blue, respectively, which make them desirable solution for water toxicants removal. This review is intended to describe the ability of silk fibroins to adsorb and abolish toxic heavy metal ions and dyes from water reservoirs, thus, providing a way to step toward water sanitation and wholesome living. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Rastogi
- Nanomaterials Characterization Lab, Center for Converging Technologies, University of Rajasthan, JLN Marg, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017, India
| | - Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
- Nano Surface Texturing Lab, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU), Girinagar, Pune, 411025, India.
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Long S, Xiao Y, Zhang X. Progress in Preparation of Silk Fibroin Microspheres for Biomedical Applications. Pharm Nanotechnol 2020; 8:358-371. [PMID: 33038918 DOI: 10.2174/2211738508666201009123235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As a natural biomaterial, silk fibroin (SF) holds great potential in biomedical applications with its broad availability, good biocompatibility, high mechanical strength, ease of fabrication, and controlled degradation. With emerging fabrication methods, nanoand microspheres made from SF have brought about unique opportunities in drug delivery, cell culture, and tissue engineering. For these applications, the size and distribution of silk fibroin particles (SFPs) are critical and require precise control during fabrication. Herein, we review common and emerging SFPs fabrication methods and their biomedical applications, and also the challenges and opportunities for SFPs in the near future. Lay Summary: The application of silk in textile has an extraordinarily long history and new biomedical applications emerged owing to the good biocompatibility and versatile fabrication options of its major protein component, silk fibroin. With the development of nanotechnology and microfabrication, silk fibroin has been fabricated into nano- or microspheres with precisely controlled shape and distribution. In this review, we summarize common and emerging silk fibroin particle fabrication methods and their biomedical applications, and also discuss their challenges and opportunities in the nearest future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihe Long
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yun Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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Xiao M, Lv S. Self-Assembled Regenerated Silk Fibroin Microsphere-Embedded Fe 3O 4 Magnetic Nanoparticles for Immobilization of Zymolyase. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:21612-21619. [PMID: 31867558 PMCID: PMC6921612 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells contains a significant amount of desired intracellular products for both industrial utility and academic research. To recover intracellular compounds, it is necessary to break the yeast cells with high efficiency, which, under certain circumstances, requires the use of the lytic enzyme zymolyase to completely digest the cell walls. A promising strategy for zymolyase immobilization on silk fibroin (SF) was developed. SF/Fe3O4 magnetic microspheres (MMs) were constructed by solvent (ethanol)-induced self-assembly of SF surrounding Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNs), which were synthesized by a coprecipitation method. Zymolyase was covalently bonded on the surface of the SF/Fe3O4 MMs by a photochemical cross-linking method to produce robust biocatalysts of zymolyase/SF/Fe3O4. The chemical, magnetic, and morphological properties of the MM supports and the immobilized zymolyase were investigated. Enzymolysis results demonstrated that the immobilized zymolyase showed good activity and stability for digesting yeast cell walls, and the biocatalyst can be readily recycled through convenient magnetic separation for reuse. At the optimum pH = 7.5, the immobilized zymolyase maintained 84% of the activity of the free zymolyase and retained 41% of its initial activity after four times of reuse. At unfavorable acidic pH = 4, the immobilized zymolyase retained 81% of its initial activity, while the free zymolyase showed no significant activity. Consequently, the SF/Fe3O4 MMs exhibit superior performance in terms of immobilizing enzymes, which have a good prospect in the biological application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic
Composite Materials, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, 15 BeisanhuanDong Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shanshan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic
Composite Materials, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, 15 BeisanhuanDong Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
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Xue Y, Wang F, Torculas M, Lofland S, Hu X. Formic Acid Regenerated Mori, Tussah, Eri, Thai, and Muga Silk Materials: Mechanism of Self-Assembly. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:6361-6373. [PMID: 33417811 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Flexible and water-insoluble regenerated silk materials have caught considerable interest due to their mechanical properties and numerous potential applications in medical fields. In this study, regenerated Mori (China), Thai, Eri, Muga, and Tussah silk films were prepared by a formic acid-calcium chloride (FA) method, and their structures, morphologies, and other physical properties were comparatively studied through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). FTIR results demonstrated that the secondary structures of those five types of silk films are different from those of their respective natural silk fibers, whose structures are dominated by stacked rigid intermolecular β-sheet crystals. Instead, intramolecular β-sheet structures were found to dominate these silk films made by FA method, as confirmed by WAXS. We propose that silk I-like structures with intramolecular β-sheets lead to water insolubility and mechanical flexibility. This comparative study offers a new pathway to understanding the tunable properties of silk-based biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fang Wang
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Cubayachi C, Lemos CN, Pereira F, Dias K, Herculano RD, de Freitas O, Lopez RF. Silk fibroin films stabilizes and releases bioactive insulin for the treatment of corneal wounds. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Enhancing humoral immunity via sustained-release implantable microneedle patch vaccination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:16473-16478. [PMID: 31358641 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902179116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustained exposure of lymphoid tissues to vaccine antigens promotes humoral immunity, but traditional bolus immunizations lead to rapid antigen clearance. We describe a technology to tailor vaccine kinetics in a needle-free platform translatable to human immunization. Solid pyramidal microneedle (MN) arrays were fabricated with silk fibroin protein tips encapsulating a stabilized HIV envelope trimer immunogen and adjuvant, supported on a dissolving polymer base. Upon brief skin application, vaccine-loaded silk tips are implanted in the epidermis/upper dermis where they release vaccine over a time period determined by the crystallinity of the silk matrix. Following MN immunization in mice, Env trimer was released over 2 wk in the skin, correlating with increased germinal center (GC) B cell responses, a ∼1,300-fold increase in serum IgG titers and a 16-fold increase in bone marrow (BM) plasma cells compared with bolus immunization. Thus, implantable MNs provide a practical means to substantially enhance humoral immunity to subunit vaccines.
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Ageitos JM, Pulgar A, Csaba N, Garcia-Fuentes M. Study of nanostructured fibroin/dextran matrixes for controlled protein release. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Perotto G, Sandri G, Pignatelli C, Milanesi G, Athanassiou A. Water-based synthesis of keratin micro- and nanoparticles with tunable mucoadhesive properties for drug delivery. J Mater Chem B 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00443b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A water-based synthesis to produce micro and nano particles of keratin, that can be easily loaded with drugs and showed a sustained release, is reported. The particles interaction with mucin could be altered to favor or decrease their mucoadhesion.
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35
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Silk fibroin-based hydrogels as a protective matrix for stabilization of enzymes against pH denaturation. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Xiao L, Zhu C, Ding Z, Liu S, Yao D, Lu Q, Kaplan DL. Growth factor-free salt-leached silk scaffolds for differentiating endothelial cells. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:4308-4313. [PMID: 30574331 PMCID: PMC6295658 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01001c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, controllable kinetic assembly was introduced into the salt-leaching process with silk proteins to form scaffolds, which achieved improvement in tuning the micro-structural and mechanical properties. Here, more control of the kinetic assembly of silk in the process was integrated into salt-leaching process, resulting in significant mechanical modification of the scaffolds generated. Both glycerol additions and treatment to concentrate the protein were used to tune hydrophilic interactions during aqueous solution processing and to reduce beta-sheet formation during the salt-leaching process. These new scaffolds showed gradient changes in elastic modulus in the range of 0.9 to 7.9 kPa. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells grew well and showed endothelial differentiation behavior on the scaffolds with optimized stiffness. These results indicated that the introduction of silk kinetic assembly provides an additional option for the control of porous silk scaffold properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Xiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Caihong Zhu
- Research Center of Robotics and Micro System, Soochow University, Suzhou 215021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaozhao Ding
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyu Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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Pignatelli C, Perotto G, Nardini M, Cancedda R, Mastrogiacomo M, Athanassiou A. Electrospun silk fibroin fibers for storage and controlled release of human platelet lysate. Acta Biomater 2018; 73:365-376. [PMID: 29673841 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Human platelet lysate (hPL) is a pool of growth factors and cytokines able to induce regeneration of different tissues. Despite its good potentiality as therapeutic tool for regenerative medicine applications, hPL has been only moderately exploited in this field. A more widespread adoption has been limited because of its rapid degradation at room temperature that decreases its functionality. Another limiting factor for its extensive use is the difficulty of handling the hPL gels. In this work, silk fibroin-based patches were developed to address several points: improving the handling of hPL, enabling their delivery in a controlled manner and facilitating their storage by creating a device ready to use with expanded shelf life. Patches of fibroin loaded with hPL were synthesized by electrospinning to take advantage of the fibrous morphology. The release kinetics of the material was characterized and tuned through the control of fibroin crystallinity. Cell viability assays, performed with primary human dermal fibroblasts, demonstrated that fibroin is able to preserve the hPL biological activity and prolong its shelf-life. The strategy of storing and preserving small active molecules within a naturally-derived, protein-based fibrous scaffold was successfully implemented, leading to the design of a biocompatible device, which can potentially simplify the storage and the application of the hPL on a human patient, undergoing medical procedures such as surgery and wound care. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Human platelets lysate (hPL) is a mixture of growth factors and cytokines able to induce the regeneration of damaged tissues. This study aims at enclosing hPL in a silk fibroin electrospun matrix to expand its utilization. Silk fibroin showed the ability to preserve the hPL activity at temperature up to 60 °C and the manipulation of fibroin's crystallinity provided a tool to modulate the hPL release kinetic. This entails the possibility to fabricate the hPL silk fibroin patches in advance and store them, resulting in an easy and fast accessibility and an expanded use of hPL for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cataldo Pignatelli
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy; DIBRIS, University of Genoa, via Opera Pia 13, 16145 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Perotto
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Marta Nardini
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy; IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Ranieri Cancedda
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy; IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Maddalena Mastrogiacomo
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy; IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
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Aigner TB, DeSimone E, Scheibel T. Biomedical Applications of Recombinant Silk-Based Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1704636. [PMID: 29436028 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Silk is mostly known as a luxurious textile, which originates from silkworms first cultivated in China. A deeper look into the variety of silk reveals that it can be used for much more, in nature and by humanity. For medical purposes, natural silks were recognized early as a potential biomaterial for surgical threads or wound dressings; however, as biomedical engineering advances, the demand for high-performance, naturally derived biomaterials becomes more pressing and stringent. A common problem of natural materials is their large batch-to-batch variation, the quantity available, their potentially high immunogenicity, and their fast biodegradation. Some of these common problems also apply to silk; therefore, recombinant approaches for producing silk proteins have been developed. There are several research groups which study and utilize various recombinantly produced silk proteins, and many of these have also investigated their products for biomedical applications. This review gives a critical overview over of the results for applications of recombinant silk proteins in biomedical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elise DeSimone
- University Bayreuth, Lehrstuhl Biomaterialien, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen (BZKG), Bayreuther Zentrum für Bio-Makromoleküle (bio-mac), Bayreuther Zentrum für Molekulare Biowissenschaften (BZMB), Bayreuther Materialzentrum (BayMAT), Bayerisches Polymerinstitut (BPI), University Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
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Qian Y, Li L, Song Y, Dong L, Chen P, Li X, Cai K, Germershaus O, Yang L, Fan Y. Surface modification of nanofibrous matrices via layer-by-layer functionalized silk assembly for mitigating the foreign body reaction. Biomaterials 2018; 164:22-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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40
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He J, Yavuz B, Kluge JA, Li AB, Omenetto FG, Kaplan DL. Stabilization of RNA Encapsulated in Silk. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:1708-1715. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyang He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Burcin Yavuz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Jonathan A. Kluge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
- Vaxess Technologies, c/o Pagliuca Harvard Life Lab, 127 Western Avenue, Allston, Massachusetts 02134, United States
| | - Adrian B. Li
- Vaxess Technologies, c/o Pagliuca Harvard Life Lab, 127 Western Avenue, Allston, Massachusetts 02134, United States
| | - Fiorenzo G. Omenetto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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41
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Liu Y, Zheng Z, Gong H, Liu M, Guo S, Li G, Wang X, Kaplan DL. DNA preservation in silk. Biomater Sci 2018; 5:1279-1292. [PMID: 28561097 DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00741d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The structure of DNA is susceptible to alterations at high temperature and on changing pH, irradiation and exposure to DNase. Options to protect and preserve DNA during storage are important for applications in genetic diagnosis, identity authentication, drug development and bioresearch. In the present study, the stability of total DNA purified from human dermal fibroblast cells, as well as that of plasmid DNA, was studied in silk protein materials. The DNA/silk mixtures were stabilized on filter paper (silk/DNA + filter) or filter paper pre-coated with silk and treated with methanol (silk/DNA + PT-filter) as a route to practical utility. After air-drying and water extraction, 50-70% of the DNA and silk could be retrieved and showed a single band on electrophoretic gels. 6% silk/DNA + PT-filter samples provided improved stability in comparison with 3% silk/DNA + filter samples and DNA + filter samples for DNA preservation, with ∼40% of the band intensity remaining at 37 °C after 40 days and ∼10% after exposure to UV light for 10 hours. Quantitative analysis using the PicoGreen assay confirmed the results. The use of Tris/borate/EDTA (TBE) buffer enhanced the preservation and/or extraction of the DNA. The DNA extracted after storage maintained integrity and function based on serving as a functional template for PCR amplification of the gene for zinc finger protein 750 (ZNF750) and for transgene expression of red fluorescence protein (dsRed) in HEK293 cells. The high molecular weight and high content of a crystalline beta-sheet structure formed on the coated surfaces likely accounted for the preservation effects observed for the silk/DNA + PT-filter samples. Although similar preservation effects were also obtained for lyophilized silk/DNA samples, the rapid and simple processing available with the silk-DNA-filter membrane system makes it appealing for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China.
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Di Buduo CA, Abbonante V, Tozzi L, Kaplan DL, Balduini A. Three-Dimensional Tissue Models for Studying Ex Vivo Megakaryocytopoiesis and Platelet Production. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1812:177-193. [PMID: 30171579 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8585-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) tissue cultures in vitro enable a more physiological reconstruction of native tissues and organs. The bone marrow environment, structure and composition regulate megakaryocyte function and platelet production. Here, we describe the use of silk fibroin protein biomaterials to assemble 3D scaffolds mimicking the bone marrow niche architecture and extracellular matrix composition to support platelet release from human megakaryocytes. Additionally, we also propose the use of hyaluronan hydrogels, functionalized with extracellular matrix components, to reproduce the 3D matrix structure of the bone marrow environment for studying human megakaryocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lorenzo Tozzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Alessandra Balduini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA.
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Di Buduo CA, Soprano PM, Tozzi L, Marconi S, Auricchio F, Kaplan DL, Balduini A. Modular flow chamber for engineering bone marrow architecture and function. Biomaterials 2017; 146:60-71. [PMID: 28898758 PMCID: PMC6056889 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow is a soft, spongy, gelatinous tissue found in the hollow cavities of flat and long bones that support hematopoiesis in order to maintain the physiologic turnover of all blood cells. Silk fibroin, derived from Bombyx mori silkworm cocoons, is a promising biomaterial for bone marrow engineering, because of its tunable architecture and mechanical properties, the capacity of incorporating labile compounds without loss of bioactivity and demonstrated ability to support blood cell formation. In this study, we developed a bone marrow scaffold consisting of a modular flow chamber made of polydimethylsiloxane, holding a silk sponge, prepared with salt leaching methods and functionalized with extracellular matrix components. The silk sponge was able to support efficient platelet formation when megakaryocytes were seeded in the system. Perfusion of the chamber allowed the recovery of functional platelets based on multiple activation tests. Further, inhibition of AKT signaling molecule, which has been shown to be crucial in regulating physiologic platelet formation, significantly reduced the number of collected platelets, suggesting the applicability of this tissue model for evaluation of the effects of bone marrow exposure to compounds that may affect platelet formation. In conclusion, we have bioengineered a novel modular system that, along with multi-porous silk sponges, can provide a useful technology for reproducing a simplified bone marrow scaffold for blood cell production ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Di Buduo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Biotechnology Research Laboratories, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo M Soprano
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Biotechnology Research Laboratories, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tozzi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Biotechnology Research Laboratories, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Stefania Marconi
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Auricchio
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Alessandra Balduini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Biotechnology Research Laboratories, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA.
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Agostini E, Winter G, Engert J. Scale-up of water-based spider silk film casting using a film applicator. Int J Pharm 2017; 532:13-20. [PMID: 28844898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.08.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Spider silk proteins for applications in drug delivery have attracted an increased interest during the past years. Some possible future medical applications for this biocompatible and biodegradable material are scaffolds for tissue engineering, implantable drug delivery systems and coatings for implants. Recently, we reported on the preparation of water-based spider silk films for drug delivery applications. In the current study, we describe the development of a manufacturing technique for casting larger spider silk films from aqueous solution employing a film applicator. Films were characterized in terms of morphology, water solubility, protein secondary structure, thermal stability, and mechanical properties. Different post-treatments were evaluated (phosphate ions, ethanol, steam sterilization and water vapor) to increase the content of β-sheets thereby achieving water insolubility of the films. Finally, the mechanical properties of the spider silk films were improved by incorporating 2-pyrrolidone as plasticizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Agostini
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology & Biopharmaceutics, Butenandtstr. 5, D-81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerhard Winter
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology & Biopharmaceutics, Butenandtstr. 5, D-81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Engert
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology & Biopharmaceutics, Butenandtstr. 5, D-81377, Munich, Germany.
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Li AB, Kluge JA, Zhi M, Cicerone MT, Omenetto FG, Kaplan DL. Enhanced Stabilization in Dried Silk Fibroin Matrices. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:2900-2905. [PMID: 28777562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Preliminary studies have shown that silk fibroin can protect biomacromolecules from thermal degradation, but a deeper understanding of underlying mechanisms needed to fully leverage the stabilizing potential of this matrix has not been realized. In this study, we investigate stabilization of plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), a diagnostic indicator of infection or inflammation, to gain insight into stabilizing mechanisms of silk. We observed that the addition of antiplasticizing excipients that suppress β-relaxation amplitudes in silk matrices resulted in enhanced stability of plasma CRP. These observations are consistent with those made in sugar-glass-based protein-stabilizing matrices and suggest fundamental insight into mechanisms as well as practical strategies to employ with silk protein matrices for enhanced stabilization utility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miaochan Zhi
- Materials Measurement Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology , 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Marcus T Cicerone
- Materials Measurement Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology , 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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Huang Y, Bailey K, Wang S, Feng X. Silk fibroin films for potential applications in controlled release. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Tseng P, Zhao S, Golding A, Applegate MB, Mitropoulos AN, Kaplan DL, Omenetto FG. Evaluation of Silk Inverse Opals for "Smart" Tissue Culture. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:470-477. [PMID: 30023608 PMCID: PMC6044746 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Visually tracking the subtle aspects of biological systems in real time during tissue culture remains challenging. Herein, we demonstrate the use of bioactive, cytocompatible, and biodegradable inverse opals from silk as a multifunctional substrate to transduce both the optical information and cells during tissue culture. We show that these substrates can visually track substrate degradation in various proteases during tissue digestion and protein deposition during the growth of mesenchymal stem cells. Uniquely, these substrates can be integrated in multiple steps of tissue culture for simple-to-use, visual, and quantitative detectors of bioactivity. These substrates can also be doped, demonstrated here with gold nanoparticles, to allow additional control of cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Tseng
- Silklab, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4875, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Siwei Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Department of Physics, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Annie Golding
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Department of Physics, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Matthew B. Applegate
- Silklab, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4875, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Alexander N. Mitropoulos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Department of Physics, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Silklab, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4875, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Department of Physics, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Fiorenzo G. Omenetto
- Silklab, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4875, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Department of Physics, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Resorbable osteosynthesis systems are used to treat craniofacial fractures. However, conventional synthetic polyester materials are potentially associated with inflammatory reaction and negative host response and may result in incomplete bone remodeling. The authors have developed a resorbable silk fibroin-based osteosynthesis system and propose that silk screws loaded with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) may exhibit biocompatibility and promote bone remodeling. METHODS Resorbable silk screws were prepared and loaded with BMP-2. The BMP-2-loaded and nonloaded silk screws were inserted into the distal femora in 15 Sprague-Dawley rats by self-tapping, similar to conventional metal systems. Animals were euthanized after 1, 3, and 6 months. The femora were explanted at the designated time points, dissected for histologic evaluation, and compared regarding osteoid formation and inflammatory response. RESULTS Increasing organization of newly formed bone tissue was observed over time in both groups. No appreciable difference in inflammation was noted between the BMP-2-loaded and nonloaded silk screws. Notably, mineralized collagen around the periphery of the screw appears to be greatest and more organized in the BMP-2-loaded samples. There was greater recruitment of osteoclasts and osteoblasts around the perimeter of the BMP-2-loaded screws at 3 and 6 months. CONCLUSIONS The BMP-2-loaded silk-based fixation device in this study exhibited characteristics comparable to the current nonloaded silk screws with regard to integration and biocompatibility. However, functionalization of silk screws with BMP-2 appeared to allow for more organized collagen and osteoid deposition after 3 and 6 months and may increase the potential of successful remodeling.
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Wang C, Luan J, Tadepalli S, Liu KK, Morrissey JJ, Kharasch ED, Naik RR, Singamaneni S. Silk-Encapsulated Plasmonic Biochips with Enhanced Thermal Stability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:26493-26500. [PMID: 27438127 PMCID: PMC5371827 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Because of their high sensitivity, cost-efficiency, and great potential as point-of-care biodiagnostic devices, plasmonic biosensors based on localized surface plasmon resonance have gained immense attention. However, most plasmonic biosensors and conventional bioassays rely on natural antibodies, which are susceptible to elevated temperatures and nonaqueous media. Hence, an expensive and cumbersome "cold chain" system is necessary to preserve the labile antibodies by maintaining optimal cold temperatures during transport, storage, and handling. Herein, we introduce a facile approach to preserve the antibody activity on a biosensor surface even at elevated temperatures. We show that silk fibroin film could be used as a protective layer to preserve the activity of a model antibody (Rabbit IgG) and cardiac troponin antibody at both room temperature and 40 °C over several days. Furthermore, a simple aqueous rinsing process restores the biofunctionality of the biosensor. This energy-efficient and environmentally friendly method represents a novel approach to eliminate the cold chain and temperature-controlled packing of diagnostic reagents and materials, thereby extending the capability of antibody-based biosensors to different resource-limited circumstances such as developing countries, an ambulance, an intensive care unit emergency room, and battlefield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congzhou Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Jingyi Luan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Sirimuvva Tadepalli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Keng-Ku Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Jeremiah J. Morrissey
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Evan D. Kharasch
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- The Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St. Louis College of Pharmacy and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Rajesh R. Naik
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Srikanth Singamaneni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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Luo T, Yang L, Wu J, Zheng Z, Li G, Wang X, Kaplan DL. Stabilization of Natural Antioxidants by Silk Biomaterials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:13573-13582. [PMID: 27139741 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The stabilities of three natural antioxidants, vitamin C (VC), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and curcumin, in silk films were examined and mechanisms of stabilization were elucidated. The antioxidants were physically incorporated into three types of silk films: as-cast, dried from hydrogels, and methanol-treated. Films were stored at 4, 37, and 45 °C for 30 days in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.4, along with controls consisting of free antioxidants. Incorporation of antioxidants did not significantly change film morphology or secondary structure. When stored at 4 °C, all samples showed similar antioxidant activities (percent scavenging) at different time points, determined by the colorimetric 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. At higher temperatures, VC in the as-cast film, EGCG in the as-cast and dried hydrogel films, and curcumin in the methanol-treated films retained more than 50% scavenging activity after 14 days of storage, significantly higher than the other samples. Interaction between antioxidants and silk, as well as degradation of the antioxidants, was investigated by fast-performance liquid chromatography (FPLC) and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), with an aim of understanding the mechanisms of silk-based stabilization. Binding of antioxidant molecules to hydrophobic or to hydrophilic/hydrophilic boundary regions of silk, depending on the chemical properties of the antioxidant, may account for the observed stabilization effects. The data can help guide further engineering of antioxidant-functionalized silk biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Luo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lei Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jianbing Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhaozhu Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Gang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University , Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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