1
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Müller V, Matthes R, Wagner M, Bros M, Dreier P, Frey H. Tailoring thermoresponsiveness of biocompatible polyethers: copolymers of linear glycerol and ethyl glycidyl ether. Polym Chem 2023; 14:2599-2609. [PMID: 37261292 PMCID: PMC10228176 DOI: 10.1039/d3py00064h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Linear polyglycerol is known as a highly hydrophilic and biocompatible polymer that is currently considered for numerous medical applications. Derived from this well-known structure, the synthesis of highly biocompatible, thermoresponsive polyether copolymers via statistical anionic ring-opening copolymerization of ethyl glycidyl ether (EGE) and ethoxy ethyl glycidyl ether (EEGE) is described. Subsequent deprotection of the acetal groups of EEGE yields copolymers of linear glycerol (linG) and EGE, P(linG-co-EGE). These copolymers showed monomodal and narrow molecular weight distributions with dispersities Đ ≤ 1.07. The microstructure was investigated via in situ1H NMR kinetics experiments, revealing reactivity ratios of rEEGE = 1.787 ± 0.007 and rEGE = 0.560 ± 0.002, showing a slightly favored incorporation of EEGE over EGE. Due to the deliberate incorporation of rather hydrophobic EGE units into the water soluble linPG, tunable thermoresponsive behavior is achieved with cloud point temperatures Tcp between 9.0-71.4 °C. Besides the commonly utilized method turbidimetry, temperature-dependent 1H NMR measurements were used for more accurate and reproducible results. The change of the hydrodynamic radii rH of the copolymers and their aggregates upon reaching Tcp was investigated via DOSY NMR spectroscopy. To explore possible biomedical applications, as an example, the cell viability and immunology of an exemplary P(linG-co-EGE) copolymer sample was investigated. Since both, cell viability and immunology are comparable to the gold standard PEG, the herein presented copolymers show high potential as biocompatible and thermoresponsive alternatives to PEG for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Müller
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Duesbergweg 10-14 D-55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Rebecca Matthes
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Duesbergweg 10-14 D-55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Chemistry Ackermannweg 10 D-55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Matthias Bros
- University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Langenbeckstraße 1 D-55101 Mainz Germany
| | - Philip Dreier
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Duesbergweg 10-14 D-55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Duesbergweg 10-14 D-55128 Mainz Germany
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2
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Borysenko IO, Okovytyy SI, Leszczynski J. Probability of reaction pathways of amine with epoxides in the reagent ratio of 1:1 and 1:2. Struct Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-01979-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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3
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Matthes R, Frey H. Polyethers Based on Short-Chain Alkyl Glycidyl Ethers: Thermoresponsive and Highly Biocompatible Materials. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2219-2235. [PMID: 35622963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The polymerization of short-chain alkyl glycidyl ethers (SCAGEs) enables the synthesis of biocompatible polyethers with finely tunable hydrophilicity. Aliphatic polyethers, most prominently poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), are utilized in manifold biomedical applications due to their excellent biocompatibility and aqueous solubility. By incorporation of short hydrophobic side-chains at linear polyglycerol, control of aqueous solubility and the respective lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in aqueous solution is feasible. Concurrently, the chemically inert character in analogy to PEG is maintained, as no further functional groups are introduced at the polyether structure. Adjustment of the hydrophilicity and the thermoresponsive behavior of the resulting poly(glycidyl ether)s in a broad temperature range is achieved either by the combination of the different SCAGEs or with PEG as a hydrophilic block. Homopolymers of methyl and ethyl glycidyl ether (PGME, PEGE) are soluble in aqueous solution at room temperature. In contrast, n-propyl glycidyl ether and iso-propyl glycidyl ether lead to hydrophobic polyethers. The use of a variety of ring-opening polymerization techniques allows for controlled polymerization, while simultaneously determining the resulting microstructures. Atactic as well as isotactic polymers are accessible by utilization of the respective racemic or enantiomerically pure monomers. Polymer architectures varying from statistical copolymers, di- and triblock structures to star-shaped architectures, in combination with PEG, have been applied in various thermoresponsive hydrogel formulations or polymeric surface coatings for cell sheet engineering. Materials responding to stimuli are of increasing importance for "smart" biomedical systems, making thermoresponsive polyethers with short-alkyl ether side chains promising candidates for future biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Matthes
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz 55128, Germany
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4
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Kostyurina E, De Mel JU, Vasilyeva A, Kruteva M, Frielinghaus H, Dulle M, Barnsley L, Förster S, Schneider GJ, Biehl R, Allgaier J. Controlled LCST Behavior and Structure Formation of Alternating Amphiphilic Copolymers in Water. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Kostyurina
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-1) and Institute for Biological Information processing (IBI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Judith U. De Mel
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Alexandra Vasilyeva
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-1) and Institute for Biological Information processing (IBI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Margarita Kruteva
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-1) and Institute for Biological Information processing (IBI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Henrich Frielinghaus
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at MLZ, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Garching 85747, Germany
| | - Martin Dulle
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-1) and Institute for Biological Information processing (IBI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Lester Barnsley
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at MLZ, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Garching 85747, Germany
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Stephan Förster
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-1) and Institute for Biological Information processing (IBI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52425, Germany
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at MLZ, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Garching 85747, Germany
| | - Gerald J. Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Ralf Biehl
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-1) and Institute for Biological Information processing (IBI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Jürgen Allgaier
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-1) and Institute for Biological Information processing (IBI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52425, Germany
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5
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Matthes R, Bapp C, Wagner M, Zarbakhsh S, Frey H. Unexpected Random Copolymerization of Propylene Oxide with Glycidyl Methyl Ether via Double Metal Cyanide Catalysis: Introducing Polarity in Polypropylene Oxide. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Matthes
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Carolin Bapp
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sirus Zarbakhsh
- BASF SE, RAP/LO, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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6
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Prusty K, Swain SK. Polypropylene oxide/polyethylene oxide‐cellulose hybrid nanocomposite hydrogels as drug delivery vehicle. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Prusty
- Department of Chemistry Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology Sambalpur Odisha India
| | - Sarat K. Swain
- Department of Chemistry Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology Sambalpur Odisha India
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7
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Geng Z, Schauser NS, Lee J, Schmeller RP, Barbon SM, Segalman RA, Lynd NA, Hawker CJ. Role of Side-Chain Architecture in Poly(ethylene oxide)-Based Copolymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhishuai Geng
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Nicole S. Schauser
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Jongbok Lee
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, 2639, Sejong-ro, Jochiwon-eup, Sejong-si 30016, Republic of Korea
| | - Rayco Perez Schmeller
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Stephanie M. Barbon
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Rachel A. Segalman
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Nathaniel A. Lynd
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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8
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Abstract
Amino-functional polyethers have emerged as a new class of “smart”, i.e. pH- and thermoresponsive materials. This review article summarizes the synthesis and applications of these materials, obtained from ring-opening of suitable epoxide monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Verkoyen
- Department of Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Department of Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
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9
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Dunshee LC, Sullivan MO, Kiick KL. Manipulation of the dually thermoresponsive behavior of peptide-based vesicles through modification of collagen-like peptide domains. Bioeng Transl Med 2020; 5:e10145. [PMID: 31989034 PMCID: PMC6971430 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Materials that respond to temporally defined exogenous cues continue to be an active pursuit of research toward on-demand nanoparticle drug delivery applications, and using one or more exogenous temperature stimuli could significantly expand the application of nanoparticle-based drug delivery formulations under both hyperthermal and hypothermal conditions. Previously we have reported the development of a biocompatible and thermoresponsive elastin-b-collagen-like polypeptide (ELP-CLP) conjugate that is capable of self-assembling into vesicles and encapsulating small molecule therapeutics that can be delivered at different rates via a single temperature stimulus. Herein we report the evaluation of multiple ELP-CLP conjugates, demonstrating that the inverse transition temperature (T t) of the ELP-CLPs can be manipulated by modifying the melting temperature (T m) of the CLP domain, and that the overall hydrophilicity of the ELP-CLP conjugate also may alter the T t. Based on these design parameters, we demonstrate that the ELP-CLP sequence (VPGFG)6-(GPO)7GG can self-assemble into stable vesicles at 25°C and dissociate at elevated temperatures by means of the unfolding of the CLP domain above its T m. We also demonstrate here for the first time the ability of this ELP-CLP vesicle to dissociate via a hypothermic temperature stimulus by means of exploiting the inverse transition temperature (T t) phenomena found in ELPs. The development of design rules for manipulating the thermal properties of these bioconjugates will enable future modifications to either the ELP or CLP sequences to more finely tune the transitions of the conjugates for specific biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas C Dunshee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Delaware Newark Delaware
| | - Millicent O Sullivan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Delaware Newark Delaware
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Delaware Newark Delaware
| | - Kristi L Kiick
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Delaware Newark Delaware
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10
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Lee CH, Yang HE, Bae YC, Oh JS. Phase equilibria and the surface tension of polypropylene polyol series in water/methanol mixtures: A consideration of structural effects. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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11
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Huang D, Zhang Q, Deng Y, Luo Z, Li B, Shen X, Qi Z, Dong S, Ge Y, Chen W. Polymeric crown ethers: LCST behavior in water and stimuli-responsiveness. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00412a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A crown ether-functionalized poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) system shows lower critical solution temperature (LCST) phase separation behavior in water.
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12
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Blankenburg J, Wagner M, Frey H. Well-Defined Multi-Amino-Functional and Stimuli-Responsive Poly(propylene oxide) by Crown Ether Assisted Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Blankenburg
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung (MPI-P), Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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13
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Becker G, Marquetant TA, Wagner M, Wurm FR. Multifunctional Poly(phosphoester)s for Reversible Diels–Alder Postmodification To Tune the LCST in Water. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Greta Becker
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School
Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger
Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederik R. Wurm
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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14
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Lee J, McGrath AJ, Hawker CJ, Kim BS. pH-Tunable Thermoresponsive PEO-Based Functional Polymers with Pendant Amine Groups. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:1391-1396. [PMID: 35651215 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive polymers exhibiting lower critical solution temperatures (LCSTs) in aqueous solution have garnered considerable attention for the development of smart materials. Herein, we report the synthesis and properties of pH-tunable thermoresponsive poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based functional polymers bearing pendant amine groups with varying cloud points. Well-defined poly(ethylene oxide-co-allyl glycidyl ether) (P(EO-co-AGE)) copolymers were prepared via controlled anionic ring-opening copolymerization of ethylene oxide (EO) with 10 mol % of a functional allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) comonomer. Facile, modular thiol-ene click chemistry was then employed to introduce a library of different aminothiols as side chains to the initial P(EO-co-AGE) copolymer. Depending on the nature of the pendant amine groups (primary amine, dimethylamine, and diethylamine) and the hydrophobicity of the side chains (ethyl, propyl, and hexyl), the cloud points could be tuned from 44-100 °C under different pH conditions. This is the first systematic investigation into the effect of PEO copolymer side chains on cloud point, which opens up the opportunity to make new thermoresponsive polymers for a variety of smart material applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonhee Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Alaina J. McGrath
- Materials
Research Laboratory, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials
Research Laboratory, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Byeong-Su Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
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15
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Herzberger J, Fischer K, Leibig D, Bros M, Thiermann R, Frey H. Oxidation-Responsive and “Clickable” Poly(ethylene glycol) via Copolymerization of 2-(Methylthio)ethyl Glycidyl Ether. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:9212-23. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Herzberger
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Karl Fischer
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Leibig
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department
of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Holger Frey
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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16
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Allgaier J, Hövelmann CH, Wei Z, Staropoli M, Pyckhout-Hintzen W, Lühmann N, Willbold S. Synthesis and rheological behavior of poly(1,2-butylene oxide) based supramolecular architectures. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24547h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the synthesis, analysis and rheological behavior of differently functionalized poly(1,2-butylene oxide) based supramolecular polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Allgaier
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS
- Institute for Complex Systems ICS
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- 52425 Jülich
- Germany
| | - Claas H. Hövelmann
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS
- Institute for Complex Systems ICS
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- 52425 Jülich
- Germany
| | - Zhang Wei
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS
- Institute for Complex Systems ICS
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- 52425 Jülich
- Germany
| | - Mariapaola Staropoli
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS
- Institute for Complex Systems ICS
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- 52425 Jülich
- Germany
| | - Wim Pyckhout-Hintzen
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS
- Institute for Complex Systems ICS
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- 52425 Jülich
- Germany
| | - Nicole Lühmann
- Central Institute for Engineering
- Electronics and Analytics
- ZEA-3: Analytics
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- 52425 Jülich
| | - Sabine Willbold
- Central Institute for Engineering
- Electronics and Analytics
- ZEA-3: Analytics
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- 52425 Jülich
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17
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Herzberger J, Niederer K, Pohlit H, Seiwert J, Worm M, Wurm FR, Frey H. Polymerization of Ethylene Oxide, Propylene Oxide, and Other Alkylene Oxides: Synthesis, Novel Polymer Architectures, and Bioconjugation. Chem Rev 2015; 116:2170-243. [PMID: 26713458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The review summarizes current trends and developments in the polymerization of alkylene oxides in the last two decades since 1995, with a particular focus on the most important epoxide monomers ethylene oxide (EO), propylene oxide (PO), and butylene oxide (BO). Classical synthetic pathways, i.e., anionic polymerization, coordination polymerization, and cationic polymerization of epoxides (oxiranes), are briefly reviewed. The main focus of the review lies on more recent and in some cases metal-free methods for epoxide polymerization, i.e., the activated monomer strategy, the use of organocatalysts, such as N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and N-heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) as well as phosphazene bases. In addition, the commercially relevant double-metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst systems are discussed. Besides the synthetic progress, new types of multifunctional linear PEG (mf-PEG) and PPO structures accessible by copolymerization of EO or PO with functional epoxide comonomers are presented as well as complex branched, hyperbranched, and dendrimer like polyethers. Amphiphilic block copolymers based on PEO and PPO (Poloxamers and Pluronics) and advances in the area of PEGylation as the most important bioconjugation strategy are also summarized. With the ever growing toolbox for epoxide polymerization, a "polyether universe" may be envisaged that in its structural diversity parallels the immense variety of structural options available for polymers based on vinyl monomers with a purely carbon-based backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Herzberger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz , Staudingerweg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kerstin Niederer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hannah Pohlit
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz , Staudingerweg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Max Planck Graduate Center , Staudingerweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center , Langenbeckstraße 1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Seiwert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Worm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Max Planck Graduate Center , Staudingerweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederik R Wurm
- Max Planck Graduate Center , Staudingerweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz , Staudingerweg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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18
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Alkan A, Steinmetz C, Landfester K, Wurm FR. Triple-Stimuli-Responsive Ferrocene-Containing PEGs in Water and on the Surface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:26137-26144. [PMID: 26539654 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Triple-stimuli-responsive PEG-based materials are prepared by living anionic ring-opening copolymerization of ethylene oxide and vinyl ferrocenyl glycidyl ether and subsequent thiol-ene postpolymerization modification with cysteamine. The hydrophilicity of these materials can be tuned by three stimuli: (i) temperature (depending on the comonomer ratio), (ii) oxidation state of iron centers in the ferrocene moieties, and (iii) pH-value (through amino groups), both in aqueous solution and at the interface after covalent attachment to a glass surface. In such materials, the cloud point temperatures are adjustable in solution by changing oxidation state and/or pH. On the surface, the contact angle increases with increasing pH and temperature and after oxidation, making these smart surfaces interesting for catalytic applications. Also, their redox response can be switched by temperature and pH, making this material useful for catalysis and electrochemistry applications. Exemplarily, the temperature-dependent catalysis of the chemiluminescence of luminol (a typical blood analysis tool in forensics) was investigated with these polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arda Alkan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research (MPIP) , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Steinmetz
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research (MPIP) , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research (MPIP) , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederik R Wurm
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research (MPIP) , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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19
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Klein R, Wurm FR. Aliphatic Polyethers: Classical Polymers for the 21st Century. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:1147-65. [PMID: 25967116 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyethers-polymers with the structural element (R'-O-R)n in their backbone--are an old class of polymers which were already used at the time of the ancient Egyptians. However, still today these materials are highly important with applications in all areas of our life, reaching from the automotive and paper industry to cosmetics and biomedical applications. In this Review, different aliphatic polyethers like poly(epoxide)s, poly(oxetane)s, and poly(tetrahydrofuran) are discussed. Special emphasis is placed on the history, the polymerization techniques (industrially and in academia), the properties, the applications as well as recent developments of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Klein
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099, Mainz, Germany.,Graduate School "Material Science in Mainz", Staudingerweg 9, D-55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederik R Wurm
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
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20
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Herzberger J, Kurzbach D, Werre M, Fischer K, Hinderberger D, Frey H. Stimuli-Responsive Tertiary Amine Functional PEGs Based on N,N-Dialkylglycidylamines. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501367b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Herzberger
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School
Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger
Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dennis Kurzbach
- Department
of Structural and Computational Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter Campus 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Werre
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School
Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger
Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Karl Fischer
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Jakob-Welder-Weg
11, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dariush Hinderberger
- Institute
of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz
4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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21
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Müller SS, Moers C, Frey H. A Challenging Comonomer Pair: Copolymerization of Ethylene Oxide and Glycidyl Methyl Ether to Thermoresponsive Polyethers. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501280k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie S. Müller
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg
10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School
Materials Science in Mainz, Staudingerweg
9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Moers
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg
10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School
Materials Science in Mainz, Staudingerweg
9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg
10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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22
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Alkan A, Natalello A, Wagner M, Frey H, Wurm FR. Ferrocene-Containing Multifunctional Polyethers: Monomer Sequence Monitoring via Quantitative 13C NMR Spectroscopy in Bulk. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500323m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arda Alkan
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz (JGU), Duesbergweg
10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research (MPIP), Ackermannweg
10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Adrian Natalello
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz (JGU), Duesbergweg
10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School
Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger
Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research (MPIP), Ackermannweg
10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz (JGU), Duesbergweg
10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederik R. Wurm
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research (MPIP), Ackermannweg
10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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23
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Kelley EG, Albert JNL, Sullivan MO, Epps TH. Stimuli-responsive copolymer solution and surface assemblies for biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:7057-71. [PMID: 23403471 PMCID: PMC3703495 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs35512h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive polymeric materials is one of the fastest growing fields of the 21st century, with the annual number of papers published more than quadrupling in the last ten years. The responsiveness of polymer solution assemblies and surfaces to biological stimuli (e.g. pH, reduction-oxidation, enzymes, glucose) and externally applied triggers (e.g. temperature, light, solvent quality) shows particular promise for various biomedical applications including drug delivery, tissue engineering, medical diagnostics, and bioseparations. Furthermore, the integration of copolymer architectures into stimuli-responsive materials design enables exquisite control over the locations of responsive sites within self-assembled nanostructures. The combination of new synthesis techniques and well-defined copolymer self-assembly has facilitated substantial developments in stimuli-responsive materials in recent years. In this tutorial review, we discuss several methods that have been employed to synthesize self-assembling and stimuli-responsive copolymers for biomedical applications, and we identify common themes in the response mechanisms among the targeted stimuli. Additionally, we highlight parallels between the chemistries used for generating solution assemblies and those employed for creating copolymer surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G. Kelley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA. Tel: +1 302 831 0215; Fax: +1 302 831 1048
| | - Julie N. L. Albert
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Millicent O. Sullivan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA. Tel: +1 302 831 0215; Fax: +1 302 831 1048
| | - Thomas H. Epps
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA. Tel: +1 302 831 0215; Fax: +1 302 831 1048
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24
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Wilms VS, Frey H. Aminofunctional polyethers: smart materials for applications in solution and on surfaces. POLYM INT 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S. Wilms
- Johannes-Gutenberg-University Mainz, Department of Organic Chemistry; Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, and Graduate School ‘Materials Science in Mainz’; Staudingerweg 9 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Johannes-Gutenberg-University Mainz, Department of Organic Chemistry; Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, and Graduate School ‘Materials Science in Mainz’; Staudingerweg 9 55128 Mainz Germany
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25
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Kurzbach D, Wilms VS, Frey H, Hinderberger D. Impact of Amino-Functionalization on the Response of Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to External Stimuli. ACS Macro Lett 2013; 2:128-131. [PMID: 35581772 DOI: 10.1021/mz300596r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It is shown that amino-functionalization of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with the comonomer N,N-diethyl glycidyl amine (DEGA) triggers the emergence of extraordinary stimuli responsiveness and phase behavior of PEG. In dependence of the solution pH, tapered PEG-co-PDEGA exhibits a highly cooperative two-step inverse phase transition with respect to temperature. The polymer forms dispersed metastable nanoglobules in the medically relevant temperature range around human body temperature. Independently, cloud points can be adjusted between 40 and 90 °C via the pH of the solution. Changing the polymer architecture to a block structure, in pronounced contrast, the polymer exhibits a gradual growth of micelles with temperature until macroscopic aggregation takes place. Thus, through amino-functionalization of PEG, one can precisely control the temperature range and the mechanism of the inverse phase transition of this promising polymer-therapeutics candidate by adjusting solution conditions and polymer topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Kurzbach
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz,
Germany
| | - Valerie S. Wilms
- Department
of Organic
Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Department
of Organic
Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dariush Hinderberger
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz,
Germany
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26
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Tonhauser C, Alkan A, Schömer M, Dingels C, Ritz S, Mailänder V, Frey H, Wurm FR. Ferrocenyl Glycidyl Ether: A Versatile Ferrocene Monomer for Copolymerization with Ethylene Oxide to Water-Soluble, Thermoresponsive Copolymers. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302241w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Tonhauser
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger Weg 9, D-55128
Mainz, Germany
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry,
Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz (JGU),
D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Arda Alkan
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry,
Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz (JGU),
D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research (MPI-P), Ackermannweg 10, D-55128
Mainz, Germany
| | - Martina Schömer
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry,
Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz (JGU),
D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Carsten Dingels
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry,
Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz (JGU),
D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sandra Ritz
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research (MPI-P), Ackermannweg 10, D-55128
Mainz, Germany
| | - Volker Mailänder
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research (MPI-P), Ackermannweg 10, D-55128
Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry,
Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz (JGU),
D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederik R. Wurm
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research (MPI-P), Ackermannweg 10, D-55128
Mainz, Germany
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27
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Steinbach T, Schröder R, Ritz S, Wurm FR. Microstructure analysis of biocompatible phosphoester copolymers. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00563a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Wilms VS, Bauer H, Tonhauser C, Schilmann AM, Müller MC, Tremel W, Frey H. Catechol-Initiated Polyethers: Multifunctional Hydrophilic Ligands for PEGylation and Functionalization of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles. Biomacromolecules 2012; 14:193-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bm3015889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S. Wilms
- Graduate School “Materials Science in Mainz”, Staudingerweg
9, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Christine Tonhauser
- Graduate School “Materials Science in Mainz”, Staudingerweg
9, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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29
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Kurzbach D, Junk MJN, Hinderberger D. Nanoscale Inhomogeneities in Thermoresponsive Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 34:119-34. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201200617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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30
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Konradi R, Acikgoz C, Textor M. Polyoxazolines for Nonfouling Surface Coatings - A Direct Comparison to the Gold Standard PEG. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 33:1663-76. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201200422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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31
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Kurzbach D, Schömer M, Wilms VS, Frey H, Hinderberger D. How Structure-Related Collapse Mechanisms Determine Nanoscale Inhomogeneities in Thermoresponsive Polymers. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3014299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Kurzbach
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz,
Germany
| | - Martina Schömer
- Department of Organic
Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14,
55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Valerie S. Wilms
- Department of Organic
Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14,
55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School “Materials Science in Mainz”, Staudingerweg 9, 55099 Mainz,
Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Department of Organic
Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14,
55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dariush Hinderberger
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz,
Germany
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32
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Schömer M, Seiwert J, Frey H. Hyperbranched Poly(propylene oxide): A Multifunctional Backbone-Thermoresponsive Polyether Polyol Copolymer. ACS Macro Lett 2012; 1:888-891. [PMID: 35607138 DOI: 10.1021/mz300256y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Backbone-thermoresponsive hyperbranched poly(propylene oxide)-based polyether polyols have been synthesized by anionic ring-opening copolymerization of glycidol and propylene oxide. The number of functional hydroxyl end groups and the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) can be readily adjusted by varying the comonomer ratio. Molecular weights in the range of 1200-2000 g/mol were achieved. Hyperbranched polyether polyols with LCST values between 24 and 83 °C can be obtained in a convenient one-step reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Schömer
- Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg
10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Seiwert
- Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg
10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg
10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
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33
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Reuss VS, Werre M, Frey H. Thermoresponsive Copolymers of Ethylene Oxide andN,N-Diethyl Glycidyl Amine: Polyether Polyelectrolytes and PEGylated Gold Nanoparticle Formation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 33:1556-61. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201200307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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34
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Reuss VS, Obermeier B, Dingels C, Frey H. N,N-Diallylglycidylamine: A Key Monomer for Amino-Functional Poly(ethylene glycol) Architectures. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300292m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S. Reuss
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg
10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School “Materials Science in Mainz”, Staudingerweg
9, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Boris Obermeier
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg
10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Carsten Dingels
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg
10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg
10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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35
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Schömer M, Frey H. Water-Soluble “Poly(propylene oxide)” by Random Copolymerization of Propylene Oxide with a Protected Glycidol Monomer. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300249c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Schömer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz,
Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz,
Germany
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36
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Moon HJ, Ko DY, Park MH, Joo MK, Jeong B. Temperature-responsive compounds as in situ gelling biomedical materials. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:4860-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35078e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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37
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Mangold C, Wurm F, Frey H. Functional PEG-based polymers with reactive groups via anionic ROP of tailor-made epoxides. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py00489e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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