1
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Tamo AK. Nanocellulose-based hydrogels as versatile materials with interesting functional properties for tissue engineering applications. J Mater Chem B 2024. [PMID: 38805188 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00397g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Tissue engineering has emerged as a remarkable field aiming to restore or replace damaged tissues through the use of biomimetic constructs. Among the diverse materials investigated for this purpose, nanocellulose-based hydrogels have garnered attention due to their intriguing biocompatibility, tunable mechanical properties, and sustainability. Over the past few years, numerous research works have been published focusing on the successful use of nanocellulose-based hydrogels as artificial extracellular matrices for regenerating various types of tissues. The review emphasizes the importance of tissue engineering, highlighting hydrogels as biomimetic scaffolds, and specifically focuses on the role of nanocellulose in composites that mimic the structures, properties, and functions of the native extracellular matrix for regenerating damaged tissues. It also summarizes the types of nanocellulose, as well as their structural, mechanical, and biological properties, and their contributions to enhancing the properties and characteristics of functional hydrogels for tissue engineering of skin, bone, cartilage, heart, nerves and blood vessels. Additionally, recent advancements in the application of nanocellulose-based hydrogels for tissue engineering have been evaluated and documented. The review also addresses the challenges encountered in their fabrication while exploring the potential future prospects of these hydrogel matrices for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Kamdem Tamo
- Institute of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies FIT, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, CNRS, UMR 5223, 69622 Villeurbanne CEDEX, France
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2
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Qi Y, Wang S, Liza AA, Li J, Yang G, Zhu W, Song J, Xiao H, Li H, Guo J. Controlling the nanocellulose morphology by preparation conditions. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 319:121146. [PMID: 37567702 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose (NC) is the desired building block for novel biomaterials. The morphology of NC is one of the core parameters impacting the functionality and property of engineered functional materials. This work aims to reveal the relationship between the product morphology and sulfuric acid hydrolysis conditions (including acid concentration, temperature and time), and to realize morphological regulation of obtained NC. Three representative products were obtained from microcrystalline cellulose via sulfuric acid hydrolysis, which are cellulose nanocrystals with broad size distribution (W-CNC, 383.9 ± 131.7 nm in length, 6 ± 2.1 nm in height) obtained by 61 % H2SO4, 55 °C and 90 min, cellulose nanospheres (CNS, 61.3 ± 15.9 nm in diameter) obtained by 64 % H2SO4, 35 °C and 75 min, and CNC with narrow size distribution (N-CNC, 276.1 ± 28.7 nm in length, 4.1 ± 0.6 nm in height), obtained by 64 % H2SO4, 45 °C and 45 min. The results showed that the crystallographic form of W-CNC and N-CNC are cellulose I, while cellulose I and II coexist in CNS. Only W-CNC and N-CNC can form chiral nematic structures through evaporation-induced self-assembly strategy and reflected light with specific wavelengths. In addition, the formation mechanism of CNS with cellulose I/II was proposed, which provided a better understanding of NC morphology regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yungeng Qi
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shihao Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Afroza Akter Liza
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jimin Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Guihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Junlong Song
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Haiming Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China.
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3
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Yadav C, Lee JM, Mohanty P, Li X, Jang WD. Graft onto approaches for nanocellulose-based advanced functional materials. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:15108-15145. [PMID: 37712254 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03087c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The resurgence of cellulose as nano-dimensional 'nanocellulose' has unlocked a sustainable bioeconomy for the development of advanced functional biomaterials. Bestowed with multifunctional attributes, such as renewability and abundance of its source, biodegradability, biocompatibility, superior mechanical, optical, and rheological properties, tunable self-assembly and surface chemistry, nanocellulose presents exclusive opportunities for a wide range of novel applications. However, to alleviate its intrinsic hydrophilicity-related constraints surface functionalization is inevitably needed to foster various targeted applications. The abundant surface hydroxyl groups on nanocellulose offer opportunities for grafting small molecules or macromolecular entities using either a 'graft onto' or 'graft from' approach, resulting in materials with distinctive functionalities. Most of the reviews published to date extensively discussed 'graft from' modification approaches, however 'graft onto' approaches are not well discussed. Hence, this review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of 'graft onto' approaches. Furthermore, insight into some of the recently emerging applications of this grafted nanocellulose including advanced nanocomposite formulation, stimuli-responsive materials, bioimaging, sensing, biomedicine, packaging, and wastewater treatment has also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandravati Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Paritosh Mohanty
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Xinping Li
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, PR China
| | - Woo-Dong Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Truong VX, Holloway JO, Barner-Kowollik C. Fluorescence turn-on by photoligation - bright opportunities for soft matter materials. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13280-13290. [PMID: 36507164 PMCID: PMC9682895 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05403e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Photochemical ligation has become an indispensable tool for applications that require spatially addressable functionalisation, both in biology and materials science. Interestingly, a number of photochemical ligations result in fluorescent products, enabling a self-reporting function that provides almost instantaneous visual feedback of the reaction's progress and efficiency. Perhaps no other chemical reaction system allows control in space and time to the same extent, while concomitantly providing inherent feedback with regard to reaction success and location. While photoactivable fluorescent properties have been widely used in biology for imaging purposes, the expansion of the array of photochemical reactions has further enabled its utility in soft matter materials. Herein, we concisely summarise the key developments of fluorogenic-forming photoligation systems and their emerging applications in both biology and materials science. We further summarise the current challenges and future opportunities of exploiting fluorescent self-reporting reactions in a wide array of chemical disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinh X. Truong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)2 Fusionopolis WaySingapore 138 634Singapore,School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQLD 4000Australia
| | - Joshua O. Holloway
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQLD 4000Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQLD 4000Australia,Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
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5
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Chinga-Carrasco G, Rosendahl J, Catalán J. Nanocelluloses - Nanotoxicology, Safety Aspects and 3D Bioprinting. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1357:155-177. [PMID: 35583644 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-88071-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanocelluloses have good rheological properties that facilitate the extrusion of nanocellulose gels in micro-extrusion systems. It is considered a highly relevant characteristic that makes it possible to use nanocellulose as an ink component for 3D bioprinting purposes. The nanocelluloses assessed in this book chapter include wood nanocellulose (WNC), bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), and tunicate nanocellulose (TNC), which are often assumed to be non-toxic. Depending on various chemical and mechanical processes, both cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) can be obtained from the three mentioned nanocelluloses (WNC, BNC, and TNC). Pre/post-treatment processes (chemical and mechanical) cause modifications regarding surface chemistry and nano-morphology. Hence, it is essential to understand whether physicochemical properties may affect the toxicological profile of nanocelluloses. In this book chapter, we provide an overview of nanotoxicology and safety aspects associated with nanocelluloses. Relevant regulatory requirements are considered. We also discuss hazard assessment strategies based on tiered approaches for safety testing, which can be applied in the early stages of the innovation process. Ensuring the safe development of nanocellulose-based 3D bioprinting products will enable full market use of these sustainable resources throughout their life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Rosendahl
- RISE, Division Materials and Production, Department Chemistry, Biomaterials and Textiles, Section Biological Function, Borås, Sweden
| | - Julia Catalán
- Occupational Safety, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Genetics, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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6
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Qin Y, Xu H, Zhou N, Chen X, Peng Z, Nie C, Tan J, Wu X. The first-principles study of BC 3 nanosheet as the delivery vehicle for 6-mercaptopurine drug. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2021.1992522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qin
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiting Xu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhou
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuekun Chen
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Peng
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changming Nie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Tan
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xijun Wu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Tardy BL, Mattos BD, Otoni CG, Beaumont M, Majoinen J, Kämäräinen T, Rojas OJ. Deconstruction and Reassembly of Renewable Polymers and Biocolloids into Next Generation Structured Materials. Chem Rev 2021; 121:14088-14188. [PMID: 34415732 PMCID: PMC8630709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review considers the most recent developments in supramolecular and supraparticle structures obtained from natural, renewable biopolymers as well as their disassembly and reassembly into engineered materials. We introduce the main interactions that control bottom-up synthesis and top-down design at different length scales, highlighting the promise of natural biopolymers and associated building blocks. The latter have become main actors in the recent surge of the scientific and patent literature related to the subject. Such developments make prominent use of multicomponent and hierarchical polymeric assemblies and structures that contain polysaccharides (cellulose, chitin, and others), polyphenols (lignins, tannins), and proteins (soy, whey, silk, and other proteins). We offer a comprehensive discussion about the interactions that exist in their native architectures (including multicomponent and composite forms), the chemical modification of polysaccharides and their deconstruction into high axial aspect nanofibers and nanorods. We reflect on the availability and suitability of the latter types of building blocks to enable superstructures and colloidal associations. As far as processing, we describe the most relevant transitions, from the solution to the gel state and the routes that can be used to arrive to consolidated materials with prescribed properties. We highlight the implementation of supramolecular and superstructures in different technological fields that exploit the synergies exhibited by renewable polymers and biocolloids integrated in structured materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaise L. Tardy
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Bruno D. Mattos
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Caio G. Otoni
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
- Department
of Materials Engineering, Federal University
of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235, São
Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Marco Beaumont
- School
of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University
of Technology, 2 George
Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Johanna Majoinen
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Tero Kämäräinen
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Bioproducts
Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department
of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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8
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Uniform and porous nacre-like cellulose nanofibrils/nanoclay composite membrane as separator for highly safe and advanced Li-ion battery. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Stenzel MH. The Trojan Horse Goes Wild: The Effect of Drug Loading on the Behavior of Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina H. Stenzel
- School of Chemistry University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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10
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Heise K, Kontturi E, Allahverdiyeva Y, Tammelin T, Linder MB, Ikkala O. Nanocellulose: Recent Fundamental Advances and Emerging Biological and Biomimicking Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004349. [PMID: 33289188 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the effort toward sustainable advanced functional materials, nanocelluloses have attracted extensive recent attention. Nanocelluloses range from rod-like highly crystalline cellulose nanocrystals to longer and more entangled cellulose nanofibers, earlier denoted also as microfibrillated celluloses and bacterial cellulose. In recent years, they have spurred research toward a wide range of applications, ranging from nanocomposites, viscosity modifiers, films, barrier layers, fibers, structural color, gels, aerogels and foams, and energy applications, until filtering membranes, to name a few. Still, nanocelluloses continue to show surprisingly high challenges to master their interactions and tailorability to allow well-controlled assemblies for functional materials. Rather than trying to review the already extensive nanocellulose literature at large, here selected aspects of the recent progress are the focus. Water interactions, which are central for processing for the functional properties, are discussed first. Then advanced hybrid gels toward (multi)stimuli responses, shape-memory materials, self-healing, adhesion and gluing, biological scaffolding, and forensic applications are discussed. Finally, composite fibers are discussed, as well as nanocellulose as a strategy for improvement of photosynthesis-based chemicals production. In summary, selected perspectives toward new directions for sustainable high-tech functional materials science based on nanocelluloses are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Heise
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research, Aalto University, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Yagut Allahverdiyeva
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
| | - Tekla Tammelin
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, VTT, PO Box 1000, FIN-02044, Espoo, Finland
| | - Markus B Linder
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research, Aalto University, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Olli Ikkala
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research, Aalto University, FI-00076, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
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11
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Raja S, Hamouda AEI, de Toledo MAS, Hu C, Bernardo MP, Schalla C, Leite LSF, Buhl EM, Dreschers S, Pich A, Zenke M, Mattoso LHC, Sechi A. Functionalized Cellulose Nanocrystals for Cellular Labeling and Bioimaging. Biomacromolecules 2020; 22:454-466. [PMID: 33284004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are unique and promising natural nanomaterials that can be extracted from native cellulose fibers by acid hydrolysis. In this study, we developed chemically modified CNC derivatives by covalent tethering of PEGylated biotin and perylenediimide (PDI)-based near-infrared organic dye and evaluated their suitability for labeling and imaging of different cell lines including J774A.1 macrophages, NIH-3T3 fibroblasts, HeLa adenocarcinoma cells, and primary murine dendritic cells. PDI-labeled CNCs showed a superior photostability compared to similar commercially available dyes under long periods of constant and high-intensity illumination. All CNC derivatives displayed excellent cytocompatibility toward all cell types and efficiently labeled cells in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, CNCs were effectively internalized and localized in the cytoplasm around perinuclear areas. Thus, our findings demonstrate the suitability of these new CNC derivatives for labeling, imaging, and long-time tracking of a variety of cell lines and primary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Raja
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory for Agribusiness (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, São Carlos-SP 13560-970, Brazil.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Dept. of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße, 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany
| | - Ahmed E I Hamouda
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Dept. of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße, 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany
| | - Marcelo A S de Toledo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Dept. of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße, 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany
| | - Chaolei Hu
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen D-52074, Germany
| | - Marcela P Bernardo
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory for Agribusiness (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, São Carlos-SP 13560-970, Brazil.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Dept. of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße, 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany
| | - Carmen Schalla
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Dept. of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße, 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany
| | - Liliane S F Leite
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory for Agribusiness (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, São Carlos-SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Eva Miriam Buhl
- Institute for Pathology, Electron Microscopy Facility, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße, 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany
| | - Stephan Dreschers
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße, 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen D-52074, Germany
| | - Martin Zenke
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Dept. of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße, 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany
| | - Luiz H C Mattoso
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory for Agribusiness (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, São Carlos-SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Antonio Sechi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Dept. of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße, 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany
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12
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Stenzel MH. The Trojan Horse Goes Wild: The Effect of Drug Loading on the Behavior of Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:2202-2206. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina H. Stenzel
- School of Chemistry University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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