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Samayoa-Oviedo HY, Knorke H, Warneke J, Laskin J. Spontaneous ligand loss by soft landed [Ni(bpy) 3] 2+ ions on perfluorinated self-assembled monolayer surfaces. Chem Sci 2024; 15:10770-10783. [PMID: 39027285 PMCID: PMC11253159 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02527j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Transition metal (TM) complexes are widely used in catalysis, photochemical energy conversion, and sensing. Understanding factors that affect ligand loss from TM complexes at interfaces is important both for generating catalytically-active undercoordinated TM complexes and for controlling the degradation pathways of photosensitizers and photoredox catalysts. Herein, we demonstrate that well-defined TM complexes prepared on surfaces using ion soft landing undergo substantial structural rearrangements resulting in ligand loss and formation of both stable and reactive undercoordinated species. We employ nickel bipyridine (Ni-bpy) cations as a model system and explore their structural reorganization on surfaces using a combination of experimental and computational approaches. The controlled preparation of surface layers by mass-selected deposition of [Ni(bpy)3]2+ cations provides insights into the chemical reactivity of these species on surfaces. Both surface characterization using mass spectrometry and electronic structure calculations using density functional theory (DFT) indicate that [Ni(bpy)3]2+ undergoes a substantial geometry distortion on surfaces in comparison with its gas-phase structure. This distortion reduces the ligand binding energy and facilitates the formation of the undercoordinated [Ni(bpy)2]2+. Additionally, charge reduction by the soft landed [Ni(bpy)3]2+ facilitates ligand loss. We observe that ligand loss is inhibited by co-depositing [Ni(bpy)3]2+ with a stable anion such as closo-dodecaborate dianion, [B12F12]2-. The strong electrostatic interaction between [Ni(bpy)3]2+ and [B12F12]2- diminishes the distortion of the cation due to interactions with the surface. This interaction stabilizes the soft landed cation by reducing the extent of charge reduction and its structural reorganization. Overall, this study shows the intricate interplay of charge state, ion surface interactions, and stabilization by counterions on the structure and reactivity of metal complexes on surfaces. The combined experimental and computational approach used in this study offers detailed insights into factors that affect the integrity and stability of active species relevant to energy production and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Y Samayoa-Oviedo
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA +1-765-494-5434
| | - Harald Knorke
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Jonas Warneke
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig 04103 Leipzig Germany
- Leibniz Institut für Oberflächenmodifizierung (IOM) Permoserstraße 15 04318 Leipzig Germany
| | - Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA +1-765-494-5434
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2
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Luo Z, Shehzad A. Advances in Naked Metal Clusters for Catalysis. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300715. [PMID: 38450926 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The properties of sub-nano metal clusters are governed by quantum confinement and their large surface-to-bulk ratios, atomically precise compositions and geometric/electronic structures. Advances in metal clusters lead to new opportunities in diverse aspects of sciences including chemo-sensing, bio-imaging, photochemistry, and catalysis. Naked metal clusters having synergic multiple active sites and coordinative unsaturation and tunable stability/activity enable researchers to design atomically precise metal catalysts with tailored catalysis for different reactions. Here we summarize the progress of ligand-free naked metal clusters for catalytic applications. It is anticipated that this review helps to better understand the chemistry of small metal clusters and facilitates the design and development of new catalysts for potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixun Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Aamir Shehzad
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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3
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Kawa S, Kaur J, Knorke H, Warneke Z, Wadsack M, Rohdenburg M, Nierstenhöfer M, Jenne C, Kenttämaa H, Warneke J. Generation and reactivity of the fragment ion [B 12I 8S(CN)] - in the gas phase and on surfaces. Analyst 2024; 149:2573-2585. [PMID: 38469706 DOI: 10.1039/d3an02175k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Gaseous fragment ions generated in mass spectrometers may be employed as "building blocks" for the synthesis of novel molecules on surfaces using ion soft-landing. A fundamental understanding of the reactivity of the fragment ions is required to control bond formation of deposited fragments in surface layers. The fragment ion [B12X11]- (X = halogen) is formed by collision-induced dissociation (CID) from the precursor [B12X12]2- dianion. [B12X11]- is highly reactive and ion soft-landing experiments have shown that this ion binds to the alkyl chains of organic molecules on surfaces. In this work we investigate whether specific modifications of the precursor ion affect the chemical properties of the fragment ions to such an extent that attachment to functional groups of organic molecules on surfaces occurs and binding of alkyl chains is prevented. Therefore, a halogen substituent was replaced by a thiocyanate substituent. CID of the precursor [B12I11(SCN)]2- ion preferentially yields the fragment ion [B12I8S(CN)]-, which shows significantly altered reactivity compared to the fragment ions of [B12I12]2-. [B12I8S(CN)]- has a previously unknown structural element, wherein a sulfur atom bridges three boron atoms. Gas-phase reactions with different neutral reactants (cyclohexane, dimethyl sulfide, and dimethyl amine) accompanied by theoretical studies indicate that [B12I8S(CN)]- binds with higher selectivity to functional groups of organic molecules than fragment ions of [B12I12]2- (e.g., [B12I11]- and [B12I9]-). These findings were further confirmed by ion soft-landing experiments, which showed that [B12I8S(CN)]- ions attacked ester groups of adipates and phthalates, whereas [B12I11]- ions only bound to alkyl chains of the same reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kawa
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Jaskiran Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Harald Knorke
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Ziyan Warneke
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Myriam Wadsack
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Markus Rohdenburg
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Marc Nierstenhöfer
- Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Carsten Jenne
- Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Hilkka Kenttämaa
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jonas Warneke
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
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Das A, Samayoa-Oviedo HY, Mohapatra M, Basu S, Laskin J. Enhancing Energy Storage Capacity of 3D Carbon Electrodes Using Soft Landing of Molecular Redox Mediators. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2311585. [PMID: 38576110 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The incorporation of redox-active species into the electric double layer is a powerful strategy for enhancing the energy density of supercapacitors. Polyoxometalates (POM) are a class of stable, redox-active species with multielectron activity, which is often used to tailor the properties of electrochemical interfaces. Traditional synthetic methods often result in interfaces containing a mixture of POM anions, unreactive counter ions, and neutral species. This leads to degradation in electrochemical performance due to aggregation and increased interfacial resistance. Another significant challenge is achieving the uniform and stable anchoring of POM anions on substrates to ensure the long-term stability of the electrochemical interface. These challenges are addressed by developing a mass spectrometry-based subambient deposition strategy for the selective deposition of POM anions onto engineered 3D porous carbon electrodes. Furthermore, positively charged functional groups are introduced on the electrode surface for efficient trapping of POM anions. This approach enables the deposition of purified POM anions uniformly through the pores of the 3D porous carbon electrode, resulting in unprecedented increase in the energy storage capacity of the electrodes. The study highlights the critical role of well-defined electrochemical interfaces in energy storage applications and offers a powerful method to achieve this through selective ion deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Das
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751013, India
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | | | - Mamata Mohapatra
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751013, India
| | - Suddhasatwa Basu
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751013, India
| | - Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
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5
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Geng L, Luo Z. Magnetic Metal Clusters and Superatoms. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1856-1865. [PMID: 38335129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Metal clusters with tunable magnetism and chemical activity are ideal models to study magnetic order changes from microstructures to macroscopic substances, to understand the spin effect in diverse catalytic reactions, and to create information carriers of qubits in quantum computation. Precise preparation, reaction, and characterization of magnetic clusters provide a platform to understand spin-exchange interactions and geometrical/electronic structure-property relationships; thus, they are beneficial for the rational design and development of new cluster-genetic materials and spintronics microdevices. Advances in this field have discovered some high-spin magnetic clusters and superatoms, expanding the understanding of magnetism, aromaticity, cluster stability, and electron delocalization. Herein we present a perspective of the experimental and theoretical progress regarding magnetic clusters and superatoms, with the expectation of stimulating more research interest in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Geng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhixun Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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6
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Castel J, Delaux S, Hernandez-Alba O, Cianférani S. Recent advances in structural mass spectrometry methods in the context of biosimilarity assessment: from sequence heterogeneities to higher order structures. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 236:115696. [PMID: 37713983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Biotherapeutics and their biosimilar versions have been flourishing in the biopharmaceutical market for several years. Structural and functional characterization is needed to achieve analytical biosimilarity through the assessment of critical quality attributes as required by regulatory authorities. The role of analytical strategies, particularly mass spectrometry-based methods, is pivotal to gathering valuable information for the in-depth characterization of biotherapeutics and biosimilarity assessment. Structural mass spectrometry methods (native MS, HDX-MS, top-down MS, etc.) provide information ranging from primary sequence assessment to higher order structure evaluation. This review focuses on recent developments and applications in structural mass spectrometry for biotherapeutic and biosimilar characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Castel
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg 67087, France; Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI, FR2048 CNRS CEA, Strasbourg 67087, France
| | - Sarah Delaux
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg 67087, France; Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI, FR2048 CNRS CEA, Strasbourg 67087, France
| | - Oscar Hernandez-Alba
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg 67087, France; Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI, FR2048 CNRS CEA, Strasbourg 67087, France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg 67087, France; Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI, FR2048 CNRS CEA, Strasbourg 67087, France.
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7
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Bertolini S, Delcorte A. Unraveling the Molecular Dynamics of Glucose Oxidase Desorption Induced by Argon Cluster Collision. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:9074-9081. [PMID: 37820349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c04857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The bombardment of a protein multilayer target by an energetic argon cluster ion beam enables protein transfer onto a collector in the vacuum while preserving their bioactivity (iBEAM method). In parallel to this new soft-landing variant, protein transfer in the gas phase is a prerequisite for their characterization by mass spectrometry. The successful transfer of bioactive lysozymes (14 kDa) by cluster-induced soft landing and its mechanistic explanation by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have sparked an important inquiry: Can heavier biomolecules be desorbed while maintaining their tridimensional structure and hence their bioactivity? To address this question, we employed MD simulations using a reactive force field (ReaxFF). Specifically, the Ar cluster-induced desorption of glucose oxidase from either a gold substrate or a lysozyme underlayer was modeled using the LAMMPS code. First, the force field parameters were trained by computing the dissociation energetics of a series of organic molecules with ReaxFF and DFT, in order to realistically describe N-S and O-S interactions in the bombarded glucose oxidase molecule. Second, bombardment simulations investigated the effects of cluster size (ranging from 1000 to 10000 Ar atoms) and kinetic energy (1.5 and 3.0 eV/atom) on the structural features and energetics of the desorbing glucose oxidase. Our results show that large argon clusters (≥7000) are needed to desorb glucose oxidase from a gold surface, yet protein fragmentation and/or pronounced denaturation occur. However, the transfer of structurally preserved glucose oxidase in the gas phase is predicted by the simulations when an organic layer is used as a substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Bertolini
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience, Université catholique de Louvain, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Delcorte
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience, Université catholique de Louvain, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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8
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Primera-Pedrozo OM, Tan S, Zhang D, O'Callahan BT, Cao W, Baxter ET, Wang XB, El-Khoury PZ, Prabhakaran V, Glezakou VA, Johnson GE. Influence of surface and intermolecular interactions on the properties of supported polyoxometalates. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:5786-5797. [PMID: 36857667 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06148a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Polyoxometalates (POMs) with localized radical or open-shell metal sites have the potential to be used as transformative electronic spin based molecular qubits (MQs) for quantum computing (QC). For practical applications, MQs have to be immobilized in electronically or optically addressable arrays which introduces interactions with supports as well as neighboring POMs. Herein, we synthesized Keggin POMs with both tungsten (W) and vanadium (V) addenda atoms. Ion soft landing, a highly-controlled surface modification technique, was used to deliver mass-selected V-doped POMs to different self-assembled monolayer surfaces on gold (SAMs) without the solvent, counterions, and contaminants that normally accompany deposition from solution. Alkylthiol, perfluorinated, and carboxylic-acid terminated monolayers were employed as representative model supports on which different POM-surface and POM-POM interactions were characterized. We obtained insights into the vibrational properties of supported V-doped POMs and how they are perturbed by interactions with specific surface functional groups using infrared reflection absorption and scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy, as well as tip enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Different functional groups on SAMs and nanoscale heterogeneity are both shown to modulate the observed spectroscopic signatures. Spectral shifts are also found to be dependent on POM-POM interactions. The electronic structure of the V-doped POMs was determined in the gas phase using negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy and on surfaces with scanning Kelvin probe microscopy. The chemical functionality and charge transfer properties of the SAMs are demonstrated to exert an influence on the charge state and electronic configuration of supported V-doped POMs. The geometric and electronic structure of the POMs were also calculated using density functional theory. Our joint experimental and theoretical findings provide insight into how V substitution as well as POM-surface and POM-POM interactions influence the vibrational properties of POMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliva M Primera-Pedrozo
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, P.O. Box 999, MSIN J7-10, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
| | - Shuai Tan
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, P.O. Box 999, MSIN J7-10, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
| | - Difan Zhang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, P.O. Box 999, MSIN J7-10, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
| | - Brian T O'Callahan
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Earth and Biological Sciences Division, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Wenjin Cao
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, P.O. Box 999, MSIN J7-10, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
| | - Eric T Baxter
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, P.O. Box 999, MSIN J7-10, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, P.O. Box 999, MSIN J7-10, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
| | - Patrick Z El-Khoury
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, P.O. Box 999, MSIN J7-10, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
| | - Venkateshkumar Prabhakaran
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, P.O. Box 999, MSIN J7-10, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
| | | | - Grant E Johnson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, P.O. Box 999, MSIN J7-10, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
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Gholipour-Ranjbar H, Hu H, Su P, Samayoa Oviedo HY, Gilpin C, Wang H, Zhang Y, Laskin J. Soft landing of polyatomic anions onto three-dimensional semiconductive and conductive substrates. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:1672-1680. [PMID: 36926574 PMCID: PMC10012853 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00632d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Soft landing of well-characterized polyoxometalate anions, PW12O40 3- (WPOM) and PMo12O40 3- (MoPOM), was carried out to explore the distribution of anions in the semiconducting 10 and 6 μm-long vertically aligned TiO2 nanotubes as well as 300 μm-long conductive vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs). The distribution of soft-landed anions on the surfaces and their penetration into the nanotubes were studied using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We observe that soft landed anions generate microaggregates on the TiO2 nanotubes and only reside in the top 1.5 μm of the nanotube height. Meanwhile, soft landed anions are uniformly distributed on top of VACNTs and penetrate into the top 40 μm of the sample. We propose that both the aggregation and limited penetration of POM anions into TiO2 nanotubes is attributed to the lower conductivity of this substrate as compared to VACNTs. This study provides first insights into the controlled modification of three dimensional (3D) semiconductive and conductive interfaces using soft landing of mass-selected polyatomic ions, which is of interest to the rational design of 3D interfaces for electronics and energy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hang Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47906 USA
| | - Pei Su
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47906 USA
| | | | - Christopher Gilpin
- Life Science Microscopy Facility, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Haomin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47906 USA
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10
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Lipton-Duffin J, MacLeod J. Innovations in nanosynthesis: emerging techniques for precision, scalability, and spatial control in reactions of organic molecules on solid surfaces. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2023; 35:183001. [PMID: 36876935 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acbc01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The surface science-based approach to synthesising new organic materials on surfaces has gained considerable attention in recent years, owing to its success in facilitating the formation of novel 0D, 1D and 2D architectures. The primary mechanism used to date has been the catalytic transformation of small organic molecules through substrate-enabled reactions. In this Topical Review, we provide an overview of alternate approaches to controlling molecular reactions on surfaces. These approaches include light, electron and ion-initiated reactions, electrospray ionisation deposition-based techniques, collisions of neutral atoms and molecules, and superhydrogenation. We focus on the opportunities afforded by these alternative approaches, in particular where they may offer advantages in terms of selectivity, spatial control or scalability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Lipton-Duffin
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jennifer MacLeod
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
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11
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Mass spectrometry in materials synthesis. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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12
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Esser TK, Böhning J, Fremdling P, Bharat T, Gault J, Rauschenbach S. Cryo-EM samples of gas-phase purified protein assemblies using native electrospray ion-beam deposition. Faraday Discuss 2022; 240:67-80. [PMID: 36065984 PMCID: PMC9641999 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00065b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies on biomolecular function indirectly combine mass spectrometry (MS) with imaging techniques such as cryo electron microscopy (cryo-EM). This approach allows information on the homogeneity, stoichiometry, shape, and interactions of native protein complexes to be obtained, complementary to high-resolution protein structures. We have recently demonstrated TEM sample preparation via native electrospray ion-beam deposition (ES-IBD) as a direct link between native MS and cryo-EM. This workflow forms a potential new route to the reliable preparation of homogeneous cryo-EM samples and a better understanding of the relation between native solution-phase and native-like gas-phase structures. However, many aspects of the workflow need to be understood and optimized to obtain performance comparable to that of state-of-the-art cryo-EM. Here, we expand on the previous discussion of key factors by probing the effects of substrate type and deposition energy. We present and discuss micrographs from native ES-IBD samples with amorphous carbon, graphene, and graphene oxide, as well as landing energies in the range between 2 and 150 eV per charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim K. Esser
- Department of Chemistry, University of OxfordOxfordOX1 3TFUK
| | - Jan Böhning
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3REUK
| | - Paul Fremdling
- Department of Chemistry, University of OxfordOxfordOX1 3TFUK
| | - Tanmay Bharat
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3REUK,Structural Studies Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyFrancis Crick AvenueCambridgeCB2 0QHUK
| | - Joseph Gault
- Department of Chemistry, University of OxfordOxfordOX1 3TFUK
| | - Stephan Rauschenbach
- Department of Chemistry, University of OxfordOxfordOX1 3TFUK,Max Planck Institute for Solid State ResearchHeisenbergstrasse 1StuttgartDE-70569Germany
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13
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Huang B, Wu H, Yang M, Luo Z. An integrated instrument of a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer for cluster reaction and soft-landing deposition. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:113307. [PMID: 36461460 DOI: 10.1063/5.0112401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We have developed an integrated instrument system of a multiple-ion laminar flow tube (MIFT) reactor combined with a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer (TQMS) and soft-landing deposition (SD) apparatus. A customized water-cooling magnetron sputtering (MagS) source is designed, by which we are able to attain a highly efficient preparation of metal clusters of 1-30 atoms with tunable size distributions. Following the MagS source, a laminar flow tube reactor is designed, allowing for sufficient gas-collision reactions of the as-prepared metal clusters, which is advantageous for probing magic clusters and minimizing wall effects when probing the reaction dynamics of such clusters. The customized TQMS analyzer involves a conical octupole, two linear octupoles, a quadruple ion deflector, and a 19 mm quadruple mass analyzer, allowing to decrease the pressure stepwise (from ∼5 to ∼10-9 Torr), thus ensuring high sensitivity and high resolution of the mass spectrometry analysis. In addition, we have designed a dual SD apparatus for the mass-selected deposition of clusters and their reaction products. For the whole system, abbreviated as MagS-MIFT-TQMS-SD, we have performed a detailed ions-fly simulation and quantitatively estimated the ions transfer efficiency under vacuum conditions determined by real experiments. Taking these advantages, well-resolved Pbn +, Agn +, and Nbn + clusters have been produced, allowing for meticulous studies of cluster reactions under sufficient gas-phase collisions free of electric field trapping. Also, we have tested the efficiency of the dual SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benben Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haiming Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Mengzhou Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhixun Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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14
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Fremdling P, Esser TK, Saha B, Makarov AA, Fort KL, Reinhardt-Szyba M, Gault J, Rauschenbach S. A Preparative Mass Spectrometer to Deposit Intact Large Native Protein Complexes. ACS NANO 2022; 16:14443-14455. [PMID: 36037396 PMCID: PMC9527803 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray ion-beam deposition (ES-IBD) is a versatile tool to study the structure and reactivity of molecules from small metal clusters to large protein assemblies. It brings molecules gently into the gas phase, where they can be accurately manipulated and purified, followed by controlled deposition onto various substrates. In combination with imaging techniques, direct structural information on well-defined molecules can be obtained, which is essential to test and interpret results from indirect mass spectrometry techniques. To date, ion-beam deposition experiments are limited to a small number of custom instruments worldwide, and there are no commercial alternatives. Here we present a module that adds ion-beam deposition capabilities to a popular commercial MS platform (Thermo Scientific Q Exactive UHMR mass spectrometer). This combination significantly reduces the overhead associated with custom instruments, while benefiting from established high performance and reliability. We present current performance characteristics including beam intensity, landing-energy control, and deposition spot size for a broad range of molecules. In combination with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we distinguish near-native from unfolded proteins and show retention of the native shape of protein assemblies after dehydration and deposition. Further, we use an enzymatic assay to quantify the activity of a noncovalent protein complex after deposition on a dry surface. Together, these results not only indicate a great potential of ES-IBD for applications in structural biology, but also outline the challenges that need to be solved for it to reach its full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Fremdling
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Tim K. Esser
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Bodhisattwa Saha
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander A. Makarov
- Thermo
Fisher Scientific, Bremen 28199, Germany
- Biomolecular
Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular
Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584
CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Joseph Gault
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan Rauschenbach
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
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15
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Esser TK, Böhning J, Fremdling P, Agasid MT, Costin A, Fort K, Konijnenberg A, Gilbert JD, Bahm A, Makarov A, Robinson CV, Benesch JLP, Baker L, Bharat TAM, Gault J, Rauschenbach S. Mass-selective and ice-free electron cryomicroscopy protein sample preparation via native electrospray ion-beam deposition. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac153. [PMID: 36714824 PMCID: PMC9802471 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite tremendous advances in sample preparation and classification algorithms for electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM) and single-particle analysis (SPA), sample heterogeneity remains a major challenge and can prevent access to high-resolution structures. In addition, optimization of preparation conditions for a given sample can be time-consuming. In the current work, it is demonstrated that native electrospray ion-beam deposition (native ES-IBD) is an alternative, reliable approach for the preparation of extremely high-purity samples, based on mass selection in vacuum. Folded protein ions are generated by native electrospray ionization, separated from other proteins, contaminants, aggregates, and fragments, gently deposited on cryo-EM grids, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and subsequently imaged by cryo-EM. We demonstrate homogeneous coverage of ice-free cryo-EM grids with mass-selected protein complexes. SPA reveals that the complexes remain folded and assembled, but variations in secondary and tertiary structures are currently limiting information in 2D classes and 3D EM density maps. We identify and discuss challenges that need to be addressed to obtain a resolution comparable to that of the established cryo-EM workflow. Our results show the potential of native ES-IBD to increase the scope and throughput of cryo-EM for protein structure determination and provide an essential link between gas-phase and solution-phase protein structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Böhning
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Paul Fremdling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | | | | | - Kyle Fort
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Hanna-Kunath-Straße 11, 28199 Bremen, Germany
| | - Albert Konijnenberg
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Zwaanstraat 31G/H, 5651 CA Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Joshua D Gilbert
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 5350 NE Dawson Creek Drive, Hillsboro, OR 97124, USA
| | - Alan Bahm
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 5350 NE Dawson Creek Drive, Hillsboro, OR 97124, USA
| | - Alexander Makarov
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Hanna-Kunath-Straße 11, 28199 Bremen, Germany,Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carol V Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Justin L P Benesch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | | | - Tanmay A M Bharat
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK,Structural Studies Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
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16
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Prabhakaran V, Romo J, Bhattarai A, George K, Norberg ZM, Kalb D, Aprà E, Kottke PA, Fedorov AG, El-Khoury PZ, Johnson GE, Laskin J. Integrated photoelectrochemical energy storage cells prepared by benchtop ion soft landing. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9060-9063. [PMID: 35899861 PMCID: PMC9367248 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02595g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The exceptional photochromic and redox properties of polyoxometalate anions, PW12O403−, have been exploited to develop an integrated photoelectrochemical energy storage cell for conversion and storage of solar energy. Elimination of strongly coordinating cations using benchtop ion soft landing leads to a ∼370% increase in the maximum power output of the device. Additionally, the photocathode displayed a pronounced color change from clear to blue upon irradiation, which warrants the potential application of the IPES cell in advanced smart windows and photochromic lenses. Soft landing eliminates counter cations from Keggin polyoxometalate-based photocathodes, resulting in a ∼370% increase in maximum power output from a novel device that simultaneously harvests and stores solar energy.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joelle Romo
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Ashish Bhattarai
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Kyle George
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Zachary M Norberg
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - David Kalb
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Edoardo Aprà
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Peter A Kottke
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Andrei G Fedorov
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Patrick Z El-Khoury
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Grant E Johnson
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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17
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Delmez V, Tomasetti B, Daphnis T, Poleunis C, Lauzin C, Dupont-Gillain C, Delcorte A. Gas Cluster Ion Beams as a Versatile Soft-Landing Tool for the Controlled Construction of Thin (Bio)Films. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:3180-3192. [PMID: 35801397 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Surface biofunctionalization with proteins is the key to many biomedical applications. In this study, a solvent-free method for the controlled construction of protein thin films is reported. Using large argon gas cluster ion beams, proteins are sputtered from a target (a pool of pure proteins), and collected on a chosen substrate, being nearly any solid material. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) revealed the presence of intact protein molecules on the collectors. Furthermore, lowering the energy per atom in the cluster projectiles down to 1 eV/atom allowed more than 60% of bradykinin molecules to be transferred intact. This protein deposition method offers a precise control of the film thickness as the transferred protein quantity is proportional to the argon clusters ion dose reached for the transfer. This major feature enables building protein films from (sub)mono- to multilayers, without upper limitation of the thickness. A procedure was developed to measure the film thickness in situ the ToF-SIMS instrument. The versatility and potential of this soft-landing alternative for further applications is demonstrated on the one hand by building a protein thin film at the surface of paper, a substrate hardly compatible with solution-based adsorption methods. On the other hand, the possibility to achieve alternated multilayer buildup is demonstrated with the construction of a bilayer composed of bradykinin and Irganox, with the two layers well separated. These results lay the first stone toward original and complex multilayers that could previously not be considered with solution-based adsorption methods, and this regardless of the substrate nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Delmez
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences - Bio & Soft Matter, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur, 1 bte L4.01.10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Tomasetti
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences - Bio & Soft Matter, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur, 1 bte L4.01.10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Thomas Daphnis
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences - Bio & Soft Matter, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur, 1 bte L4.01.10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Claude Poleunis
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences - Bio & Soft Matter, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur, 1 bte L4.01.10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Clément Lauzin
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences - Bio & Soft Matter, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur, 1 bte L4.01.10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Christine Dupont-Gillain
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences - Bio & Soft Matter, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur, 1 bte L4.01.10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Delcorte
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences - Bio & Soft Matter, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur, 1 bte L4.01.10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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18
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Walz A, Stoiber K, Huettig A, Schlichting H, Barth JV. Navigate Flying Molecular Elephants Safely to the Ground: Mass-Selective Soft Landing up to the Mega-Dalton Range by Electrospray Controlled Ion-Beam Deposition. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7767-7778. [PMID: 35609119 PMCID: PMC9178560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The prototype of a highly versatile and efficient preparative mass spectrometry system used for the deposition of molecules in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) is presented, along with encouraging performance data obtained using four model species that are thermolabile or not sublimable. The test panel comprises two small organic compounds, a small and very large protein, and a large DNA species covering a 4-log mass range up to 1.7 MDa as part of a broad spectrum of analyte species evaluated to date. Three designs of innovative ion guides, a novel digital mass-selective quadrupole (dQMF), and a standard electrospray ionization (ESI) source are combined to an integrated device, abbreviated electrospray controlled ion-beam deposition (ES-CIBD). Full control is achieved by (i) the square-wave-driven radiofrequency (RF) ion guides with steadily tunable frequencies, including a dQMF allowing for investigation, purification, and deposition of a virtually unlimited m/z range, (ii) the adjustable landing energy of ions down to ∼2 eV/z enabling integrity-preserving soft landing, (iii) the deposition in UHV with high ion beam intensity (up to 3 nA) limiting contaminations and deposition time, and (iv) direct coverage control via the deposited charge. The maximum resolution of R = 650 and overall efficiency up to Ttotal = 4.4% calculated from the solution to UHV deposition are advantageous, whereby the latter can be further enhanced by optimizing ionization performance. In the setup presented, a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is attached for in situ UHV investigations of deposited species, demonstrating a selective, structure-preserving process and atomically clean layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Walz
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Karolina Stoiber
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Annette Huettig
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schlichting
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
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19
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Tseplin EE, Tseplina SN, Lukin VG, Khvostenko OG. Resonant charge transfer in the interaction of hyperthermal anions with a technical graphite-like conducting surface. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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20
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Introducing Ultra-Low Energy Ion Implantation of Radioactive Isotopes at ISOLDE, CERN for (Near-)Surface Characterization: The ASPIC and ASCII Vacuum Chambers. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12050626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state physics research has long employed radioactive isotopes to investigate the crystallographic, electric and magnetic properties of nanostructures. Ion implantation (1–100 keV) is the method of choice for incorporating radioactive nuclei into the crystal structure. However, the enormous scientific interest in 2D materials, multiferroics and their interfaces of the last decades has lead to more stringent demands for isotope incorporation. Ultra-low energy (ULE) ion implantation (10–100 eV) provides the ability to precisely tune the depth of the implanted radioactive probes, even in the case of atomically thin 2D materials. To unlock this potential and expand the experimental capabilities of the ISOLDE collaboration in CERN, the apparatus for surface physics and interfaces at CERN (ASPIC), an experienced ultra-high vacuum chamber dedicated to surface characterization and modification, is refurbished and upgraded with a new component: the ASPIC’s ion implantation (ASCII) chamber, designed for ULE ion implantation of radioactive probes. This paper describes the scientific context, design and application of these vacuum chambers.
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21
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Shibuta M, Inoue T, Kamoshida T, Eguchi T, Nakajima A. Al13− and B@Al12− superatoms on a molecularly decorated substrate. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1336. [PMID: 35288553 PMCID: PMC8921336 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29034-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminum nanoclusters (Aln NCs), particularly Al13− (n = 13), exhibit superatomic behavior with interplay between electron shell closure and geometrical packing in an anionic state. To fabricate superatom (SA) assemblies, substrates decorated with organic molecules can facilitate the optimization of cluster–surface interactions, because the molecularly local interactions for SAs govern the electronic properties via molecular complexation. In this study, Aln NCs are soft-landed on organic substrates pre-deposited with n-type fullerene (C60) and p-type hexa-tert-butyl-hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HB-HBC, C66H66), and the electronic states of Aln are characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and chemical oxidative measurements. On the C60 substrate, Aln is fixed to be cationic but highly oxidative; however, on the HB-HBC substrate, they are stably fixed as anionic Aln− without any oxidations. The results reveal that the careful selection of organic molecules controls the design of assembled materials containing both Al13− and boron-doped B@Al12− SAs through optimizing the cluster–surface interactions. Anionic aluminium clusters are promising candidates for the fabrication of superatom-assembled nanomaterials. Here, the authors report enhanced stability for Al13− and boron-doped B@Al12− on a molecularly decorated p-type organic substrate.
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22
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Low-energy electron holography imaging of conformational variability of single-antibody molecules from electrospray ion beam deposition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2112651118. [PMID: 34911762 PMCID: PMC8713884 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2112651118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging at the single-molecule level of large and flexible proteins such as monoclonal IgG antibodies is possible by low-energy electron holography after chemically selective sample preparation by native electrospray ion beam deposition (ES-IBD) from native solution conditions. The single-molecule nature of the measurement allows the mapping of the structural variability of the molecules that originates from their intrinsic flexibility and from different adsorption geometries. Additionally, we can distinguish gas-phase–related conformations and conformations induced by the landing of the molecules on the surface. Our results underpin the relation between the gas-phase structure of protein ions created by native electrospray ionization (ESI) and the native protein structure and are of relevance for structural biology applications in the gas phase. Imaging of proteins at the single-molecule level can reveal conformational variability, which is essential for the understanding of biomolecules. To this end, a biologically relevant state of the sample must be retained during both sample preparation and imaging. Native electrospray ionization (ESI) can transfer even the largest protein complexes into the gas phase while preserving their stoichiometry and overall shape. High-resolution imaging of protein structures following native ESI is thus of fundamental interest for establishing the relation between gas phase and solution structure. Taking advantage of low-energy electron holography’s (LEEH) unique capability of imaging individual proteins with subnanometer resolution, we investigate the conformational flexibility of Herceptin, a monoclonal IgG antibody, deposited by native electrospray mass-selected ion beam deposition (ES-IBD) on graphene. Images reconstructed from holograms reveal a large variety of conformers. Some of these conformations can be mapped to the crystallographic structure of IgG, while others suggest that a compact, gas-phase–related conformation, adopted by the molecules during ES-IBD, is retained. We can steer the ratio of those two types of conformations by changing the landing energy of the protein on the single-layer graphene surface. Overall, we show that LEEH can elucidate the conformational heterogeneity of inherently flexible proteins, exemplified here by IgG antibodies, and thereby distinguish gas-phase collapse from rearrangement on surfaces.
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23
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Samayoa-Oviedo HY, Behrend KA, Kawa S, Knorke H, Su P, Belov ME, Anderson G, Warneke J, Laskin J. Design and Performance of a Soft-Landing Instrument for Fragment Ion Deposition. Anal Chem 2021; 93:14489-14496. [PMID: 34672519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the development of a new high-flux electrospray ionization-based instrument for soft landing of mass-selected fragment ions onto surfaces. Collision-induced dissociation is performed in a collision cell positioned after the dual electrodynamic ion funnel assembly. The high duty cycle of the instrument enables high-coverage deposition of mass-selected fragment ions onto surfaces at a defined kinetic energy. This capability facilitates the investigation of the reactivity of gaseous fragment ions in the condensed phase. We demonstrate that the observed reactions of deposited fragment ions are dependent on the structure of the ion and the composition of either ionic or neutral species codeposited onto a surface. The newly developed instrument provides access to high-purity ion fragments as building blocks for the preparation of unique ionic layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Y Samayoa-Oviedo
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kay-Antonio Behrend
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kawa
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Harald Knorke
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pei Su
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mikhail E Belov
- Spectroglyph, LLC, Kennewick, Washington 99338, United States
| | - Gordon Anderson
- GAA Custom Electronics, LLC, POB 335, Benton City, Washington 99338, United States
| | - Jonas Warneke
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Sensoric Surfaces and Functional Interfaces, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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24
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Su P, Chen X, Smith AJ, Espenship MF, Samayoa Oviedo HY, Wilson SM, Gholipour-Ranjbar H, Larriba-Andaluz C, Laskin J. Multiplexing of Electrospray Ionization Sources Using Orthogonal Injection into an Electrodynamic Ion Funnel. Anal Chem 2021; 93:11576-11584. [PMID: 34378383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this contribution, we report an efficient approach to multiplex electrospray ionization (ESI) sources for applications in analytical and preparative mass spectrometry. This is achieved using up to four orthogonal injection inlets implemented on the opposite sides of an electrodynamic ion funnel interface. We demonstrate that both the total ion current transmitted through the mass spectrometer and the signal-to-noise ratio increase by 3.8-fold using four inlets compared to one inlet. The performance of the new multiplexing approach was examined using different classes of analytes covering a broad range of mass and ionic charge. A deposition rate of >10 μg of mass-selected ions per day may be achieved by using the multiplexed sources coupled to preparative mass spectrometry. The almost proportional increase in the ion current with the number of ESI inlets observed experimentally is confirmed using gas flow and ion trajectory simulations. The simulations demonstrate a pronounced effect of gas dynamics on the ion trajectories in the ion funnel, indicating that the efficiency of multiplexing strongly depends on gas velocity field. The study presented herein opens up exciting opportunities for the development of bright ion sources, which will advance both analytical and preparative mass spectrometry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Su
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Andrew J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Michael F Espenship
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hugo Y Samayoa Oviedo
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Solita M Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Habib Gholipour-Ranjbar
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Carlos Larriba-Andaluz
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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25
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Delmez V, Degand H, Poleunis C, Moshkunov K, Chundak M, Dupont-Gillain C, Delcorte A. Deposition of Intact and Active Proteins In Vacuo Using Large Argon Cluster Ion Beams. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:952-957. [PMID: 33443416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Providing inert materials with a biochemical function, for example using proteins, is a cornerstone technology underlying many applications. However, the controlled construction of protein thin films remains a major challenge. Here, an innovative solvent-free approach for protein deposition is reported, using lysozyme as a model. By diverting a time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer (ToF-SIMS) from its standard analytical function, large argon clusters were used to achieve protein transfer. A target consisting of a pool of proteins was bombarded with 10 keV Ar5000+ ions, and the ejected proteins were collected on a silicon wafer. The ellipsoidal deposition pattern was evidenced by ToF-SIMS analysis, while SDS-PAGE electrophoresis confirmed the presence of intact lysozyme on the collector. Finally, enzymatic activity assays demonstrated the preservation of the three-dimensional structure of the transferred proteins. These results pave the way to well-controlled protein deposition using ion beams and to the investigation of more complex multilayer architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Delmez
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences-Bio & Soft Matter, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur, 1 bte L4.01.10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Hervé Degand
- Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Group of Molecular Physiology, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-5, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Claude Poleunis
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences-Bio & Soft Matter, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur, 1 bte L4.01.10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Konstantin Moshkunov
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences-Bio & Soft Matter, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur, 1 bte L4.01.10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Mykhailo Chundak
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences-Bio & Soft Matter, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur, 1 bte L4.01.10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Christine Dupont-Gillain
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences-Bio & Soft Matter, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur, 1 bte L4.01.10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Delcorte
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences-Bio & Soft Matter, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur, 1 bte L4.01.10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Su P, Espenship MF, Laskin J. Principles of Operation of a Rotating Wall Mass Analyzer for Preparative Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:1875-1884. [PMID: 32809825 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution, we describe the principles of operation of a rotating wall mass analyzer (RWMA), a mass-dispersive device for preparative mass spectrometry. Ions of different m/z are spatially separated by RWMA and deposited onto ring-shaped areas of distinct radii on a surface. We use a combination of an analytical equation for predicting the radius of the deposition ring and SIMION simulations to understand how to optimize the experimental conditions for the separation of multicomponent mixtures. The results of these simulations are compared with the experimental data. We introduce a universal mass calibration procedure, based on a series of polyacrylamide ions, which is subsequently used to predict the deposition radii of unknown analytes. The calibration is independent of the polarity, kinetic energy, and charge state of the ion as demonstrated by assigning m/z values of different analytes including multiply charged ubiquitin ions. We demonstrate that mass resolution of the RWMA is affected by the width and kinetic energy distribution of the ion beam. The best mass resolution obtained in this study is m/Δm = ∼20. Preparative mass spectrometry using RWMA provides the advantages of simplicity, compactness, and low fabrication cost, which are particularly promising for the development of miniaturized instrumentation. The results presented in this work can be readily adapted to preparative separation of a variety of charged species of interest to the broad scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Su
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Michael F Espenship
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Nayek S, Aguilar R, Juel LA, Verbeck GF. Metallic nanoparticle production and exposure/deposition system for toxicological research applications using zebrafish. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:094101. [PMID: 33003788 DOI: 10.1063/5.0013428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) have been accepted for various applications ranging from cosmetics to medicine. However, no method has been established in the scientific community that is capable of analyzing various metals, sizes, and levels of exposures without the concern of background chemical contaminations. We present here a system utilizing soft-landing ion mobility (SLIM) exposures of laser ablated metallic clusters capable of operating pressures of reduced vacuum (1 Torr) up to ambient (760 Torr) in the presence of a buffer gas. Clusters experience kinetic energies of less than 1 eV upon exiting the SLIM, allowing for the exposure of NPs to take place in a passive manner. While there is no mass-selection of cluster sizes in this work, it does show for the first time the creation and soft-landing of nanoclusters at ambient pressures. Factors such as area coverage and percentage distribution were studied, as well as the different effects that varying surfaces may cause in the agglomeration of the clusters. Furthermore, the system was successfully used to study the effects of silver nanoparticle exposure and determine the specific organs the NPs accumulate in using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism. This method provides a novel way to synthesize NPs and expose biological organisms for various toxicological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhayu Nayek
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76201, USA
| | - Roberto Aguilar
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76201, USA
| | - Lauren A Juel
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76201, USA
| | - Guido F Verbeck
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76201, USA
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Delcorte A, Delmez V, Dupont-Gillain C, Lauzin C, Jefford H, Chundak M, Poleunis C, Moshkunov K. Large cluster ions: soft local probes and tools for organic and bio surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:17427-17447. [PMID: 32568320 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02398a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ionised cluster beams have been produced and employed for thin film deposition and surface processing for half a century. In the last two decades, kiloelectronvolt cluster ions have also proved to be outstanding for surface characterisation by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), because their sputter and ion yields are enhanced in a non-linear fashion with respect to monoatomic projectiles, with a resulting step change of sensitivity for analysis and imaging. In particular, large gas cluster ion beams, or GCIB, have now become a reference in organic surface and thin film analysis using SIMS and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The reason is that they induce soft molecular desorption and offer the opportunity to conduct damageless depth-profiling and 3D molecular imaging of the most sensitive organic electronics and biological samples, with a nanoscale depth resolution. In line with these recent developments, the present review focuses on rather weakly-bound, light-element cluster ions, such as noble or other gas clusters, and water or alcohol nanodroplets (excluding clusters made of metals, inorganic salts or ionic liquids) and their interaction with surfaces (essentially, but not exclusively, organic). The scope of this article encompasses three aspects. The first one is the fundamentals of large cluster impacts with surfaces, using the wealth of information provided by molecular dynamics simulations and experimental observations. The second focus is on recent applications of large cluster ion beams in surface characterisation, including mass spectrometric analysis and 2D localisation of large molecules, molecular depth-profiling and 3D molecular imaging. Finally, the perspective explores cutting edge developments, involving (i) new types of clusters with a chemistry designed to enhance performance for mass spectrometry imaging, (ii) the use of cluster fragment ion backscattering to locally retrieve physical surface properties and (iii) the fabrication of new biosurface and thin film architectures, where large cluster ion beams are used as tools to transfer biomolecules in vacuo from a target reservoir to any collector substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Delcorte
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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Su P, Hu H, Unsihuay D, Zhang D, Dainese T, Diaz RE, Lee J, Gunaratne DK, Wang H, Maran F, Mei J, Laskin J. Preparative Mass Spectrometry Using a Rotating‐Wall Mass Analyzer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Su
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Hang Hu
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Daisy Unsihuay
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Materials Engineering Purdue University 701 W. Stadium Avenue West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Tiziano Dainese
- Department of Chemistry University of Padova 1, Via Marzolo Padova 35131 Italy
| | - Rosa E. Diaz
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Discovery Park Purdue University 1205 W. State St. West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Jongsu Lee
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Don K. Gunaratne
- Physical Science Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88 Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Haiyan Wang
- School of Materials Engineering Purdue University 701 W. Stadium Avenue West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University 465 Northwestern Avenue West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Flavio Maran
- Department of Chemistry University of Padova 1, Via Marzolo Padova 35131 Italy
| | - Jianguo Mei
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
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Su P, Hu H, Unsihuay D, Zhang D, Dainese T, Diaz RE, Lee J, Gunaratne DK, Wang H, Maran F, Mei J, Laskin J. Preparative Mass Spectrometry Using a Rotating‐Wall Mass Analyzer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7711-7716. [PMID: 32109333 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Su
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Hang Hu
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Daisy Unsihuay
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Materials Engineering Purdue University 701 W. Stadium Avenue West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Tiziano Dainese
- Department of Chemistry University of Padova 1, Via Marzolo Padova 35131 Italy
| | - Rosa E. Diaz
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Discovery Park Purdue University 1205 W. State St. West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Jongsu Lee
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Don K. Gunaratne
- Physical Science Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88 Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Haiyan Wang
- School of Materials Engineering Purdue University 701 W. Stadium Avenue West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University 465 Northwestern Avenue West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Flavio Maran
- Department of Chemistry University of Padova 1, Via Marzolo Padova 35131 Italy
| | - Jianguo Mei
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
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Yilmaz G, Peh SB, Zhao D, Ho GW. Atomic- and Molecular-Level Design of Functional Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) and Derivatives for Energy and Environmental Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1901129. [PMID: 31728281 PMCID: PMC6839644 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Continuing population growth and accelerated fossil-fuel consumption with recent technological advancements have engendered energy and environmental concerns, urging researchers to develop advanced functional materials to overcome the associated problems. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as frontier materials due to their unique porous organic-inorganic hybrid periodic assembly and exceptional diversity in structural properties and chemical functionalities. In particular, the modular nature and modularity-dependent activity of MOFs and MOF derivatives have accentuated the delicate atomic- and molecular design and synthesis of MOFs, and their meticulous conversion into carbons and transition-metal-based materials. Synthetic control over framework architecture, content, and reactivity has led to unprecedented merits relevant to various energy and environmental applications. Herein, an overview of the atomic- and molecular-design strategies of MOFs to realize application-targeted properties is provided. Recent progress on the development of MOFs and MOF derivatives based on these strategies, along with their performance, is summarized with a special emphasis on design-structure and functionality-activity relationships. Next, the respective energy- and environmental-related applications of catalysis and energy storage, as well as gas storage-separation and water harvesting with close association to the energy-water-environment nexus are highlighted. Last, perspectives on current challenges and recommendations for further development of MOF-based materials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Yilmaz
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringNational University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore117583Singapore
| | - Shing Bo Peh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering4 Engineering Drive 4Singapore117585Singapore
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering4 Engineering Drive 4Singapore117585Singapore
| | - Ghim Wei Ho
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringNational University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore117583Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and EngineeringA*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research)3 Research LinkSingapore117602Singapore
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Su P, Hu H, Warneke J, Belov ME, Anderson GA, Laskin J. Design and Performance of a Dual-Polarity Instrument for Ion Soft Landing. Anal Chem 2019; 91:5904-5912. [PMID: 30999743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Su
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hang Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jonas Warneke
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnestr. 2, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Gordon A. Anderson
- GAA Custom Engineering, LLC, POB 335, Benton City, Washington 99320, United States
| | - Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Daru J, Gupta PK, Marx D. Restricting Solvation to Two Dimensions: Soft Landing of Microsolvated Ions on Inert Surfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:831-835. [PMID: 30707837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to scrutinize dimensional restriction effects on finite hydrogen-bonded networks, we deposit ion-doped water clusters by computational soft landing on a chemically inert supported xenon surface. In stark contrast to the much studied metal or metal oxide surfaces, the rare gas surface interacts only rather weakly and nondirectionally with these networks. Surprisingly, the strongly bound Na+-doped networks undergo very significant plastic deformations, whereas the weakly bound Cl- counterparts barely change upon surface deposition. This counterintuitive finding is traced back to the significantly less favorable water-water interactions enforced by the cation, which results in an easier adaption to geometric restrictions, whereas H-bonding stabilizes the anionic clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Daru
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , 44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - Prashant Kumar Gupta
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , 44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - Dominik Marx
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , 44780 Bochum , Germany
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Gu M, Yang L, Hase WL, Sun J, Zhang J. Energy Transfer of Peptide Ions Colliding with a Self‐Assembled Monolayer Surface. The Influence of Peptide Ion Size. CHINESE J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201800544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Gu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150001 China
| | - Li Yang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150001 China
| | - William L Hase
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryTexas Tech University Lubbock TX 79401 USA
| | - Jianmin Sun
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150001 China
| | - Jiaxu Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150001 China
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Prabhakaran V, Lang Z, Clotet A, Poblet JM, Johnson GE, Laskin J. Controlling the Activity and Stability of Electrochemical Interfaces Using Atom-by-Atom Metal Substitution of Redox Species. ACS NANO 2019; 13:458-466. [PMID: 30521751 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular-level properties of electrochemically active ions at operating electrode-electrolyte interfaces (EEI) is key to the rational development of high-performance nanostructured surfaces for applications in energy technology. Herein, an electrochemical cell coupled with ion soft landing is employed to examine the effect of "atom-by-atom" metal substitution on the activity and stability of well-defined redox-active anions, PMo xW12- xO403- ( x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, or 12) at nanostructured ionic liquid EEI. A striking observation made by in situ electrochemical measurements and further supported by theoretical calculations is that the substitution of only one to three tungsten atoms by molybdenum atoms in the PW12O403- anions results in a substantial spike in their first reduction potential. Specifically, PMo3W9O403- showed the highest redox activity in both in situ electrochemical measurements and as part of a functional redox supercapacitor device, making it a "super-active redox anion" compared with all other PMo xW12- xO403- species. Electronic structure calculations showed that metal substitution in PMo xW12- xO403- causes the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) to protrude locally, making it the "active site" for reduction of the anion. Several critical factors contribute to the observed trend in redox activity including (i) multiple isomeric structures populated at room temperature, which affect the experimentally determined reduction potential; (ii) substantial decrease of the LUMO energy upon replacement of W atoms with more-electronegative Mo atoms; and (iii) structural relaxation of the reduced species produced after the first reduction step. Our results illustrate a path to achieving superior performance of technologically relevant EEIs in functional nanoscale devices through understanding of the molecular-level electronic properties of specific electroactive species with "atom-by-atom" precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateshkumar Prabhakaran
- Physical Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Zhongling Lang
- Department de Quı́mica Fı́sica Inorgànica , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Marcel·lí Domingo 1 , Tarragona 43007 , Spain
| | - Anna Clotet
- Department de Quı́mica Fı́sica Inorgànica , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Marcel·lí Domingo 1 , Tarragona 43007 , Spain
| | - Josep M Poblet
- Department de Quı́mica Fı́sica Inorgànica , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Marcel·lí Domingo 1 , Tarragona 43007 , Spain
| | - Grant E Johnson
- Physical Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
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Laskin J, Johnson GE, Warneke J, Prabhakaran V. Von isolierten Ionen zu mehrschichtigen funktionellen Materialien durch sanfte Landung von Ionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201712296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Grant E. Johnson
- Physical Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Jonas Warneke
- Physical Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
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Laskin J, Johnson GE, Warneke J, Prabhakaran V. From Isolated Ions to Multilayer Functional Materials Using Ion Soft Landing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16270-16284. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Grant E. Johnson
- Physical Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Jonas Warneke
- Physical Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
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Su P, Prabhakaran V, Johnson GE, Laskin J. In Situ Infrared Spectroelectrochemistry for Understanding Structural Transformations of Precisely Defined Ions at Electrochemical Interfaces. Anal Chem 2018; 90:10935-10942. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Su
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | | | - Grant E. Johnson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Warneke J, McBriarty ME, Riechers SL, China S, Engelhard MH, Aprà E, Young RP, Washton NM, Jenne C, Johnson GE, Laskin J. Self-organizing layers from complex molecular anions. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1889. [PMID: 29760476 PMCID: PMC5951818 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04228-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of traditional ionic materials occurs principally via joint accumulation of both anions and cations. Herein, we describe a previously unreported phenomenon by which macroscopic liquid-like thin layers with tunable self-organization properties form through accumulation of stable complex ions of one polarity on surfaces. Using a series of highly stable molecular anions we demonstrate a strong influence of the internal charge distribution of the molecular ions, which is usually shielded by counterions, on the properties of the layers. Detailed characterization reveals that the intrinsically unstable layers of anions on surfaces are stabilized by simultaneous accumulation of neutral molecules from the background environment. Different phases, self-organization mechanisms and optical properties are observed depending on the molecular properties of the deposited anions, the underlying surface and the coadsorbed neutral molecules. This demonstrates rational control of the macroscopic properties (morphology and size of the formed structures) of the newly discovered anion-based layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Warneke
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Martin E McBriarty
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Shawn L Riechers
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Swarup China
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Mark H Engelhard
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Edoardo Aprà
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Robert P Young
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Nancy M Washton
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Carsten Jenne
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Anorganische Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, Wuppertal, 42119, Germany
| | - Grant E Johnson
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Julia Laskin
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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40
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Vats N, Rauschenbach S, Sigle W, Sen S, Abb S, Portz A, Dürr M, Burghard M, van Aken PA, Kern K. Electron microscopy of polyoxometalate ions on graphene by electrospray ion beam deposition. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:4952-4961. [PMID: 29485651 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr00402a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (AC-HRTEM) has enabled atomically resolved imaging of molecules adsorbed on low-dimensional materials like carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide and few-layer-graphene. However, conventional methods for depositing molecules onto such supports lack selectivity and specificity. Here, we describe the chemically selective preparation and deposition of molecules-like polyoxometalate (POM) anions [PW12O40]3- using electrospray ion-beam deposition (ES-IBD) along with high-resolution TEM imaging. This approach provides access to sub-monolayer coatings of intact molecules on freestanding graphene, which enables their atomically resolved ex situ characterization by low-voltage AC-HRTEM. The capability to tune the deposition parameters in either soft or reactive landing mode, combined with the well-defined high-vacuum deposition conditions, renders the ES-IBD based method advantageous over alternative methods such as drop-casting. Furthermore, it might be expanded towards depositing and imaging large and nonvolatile molecules with complex structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vats
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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41
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Laskin J, Hu Q. Reactive Landing of Gramicidin S and Ubiquitin Ions onto Activated Self-Assembled Monolayer Surfaces. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:1304-1312. [PMID: 28290125 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1614-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using mass-selected ion deposition combined with in situ infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), we examined the reactive landing of gramicidin S and ubiquitin ions onto activated self-assembled monolayer (SAM) surfaces terminated with N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester (NHS-SAM) and acyl fluoride (COF-SAM) groups. Doubly protonated gramicidin S, [GS + 2H]2+, and two charge states of ubiquitin, [U + 5H]5+ and [U + 13H]13+, were used as model systems, allowing us to explore the effect of the number of free amino groups and the secondary structure on the efficiency of covalent bond formation between the projectile ion and the surface. For all projectile ions, ion deposition resulted in the depletion of IRRAS bands corresponding to the terminal groups on the SAM and the appearance of several new bands not associated with the deposited species. These new bands were assigned to the C=O stretching vibrations of COOH and COO- groups formed on the surface as a result of ion deposition. The presence of these bands was attributed to an alternative reactive landing pathway that competes with covalent bond formation. This pathway with similar yields for both gramicidin S and ubiquitin ions is analogous to the hydrolysis of the NHS ester bond in solution. The covalent bond formation efficiency increased linearly with the number of free amino groups and was found to be lower for the more compact conformation of ubiquitin compared with the fully unfolded conformation. This observation was attributed to the limited availability of amino groups on the surface of the folded conformation. Our results have provided new insights on the efficiency and mechanism of reactive landing of peptides and proteins onto activated SAMs. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Laskin
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Qichi Hu
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
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42
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Gerlach JW, Schumacher P, Mensing M, Rauschenbach S, Cermak I, Rauschenbach B. Ion mass and energy selective hyperthermal ion-beam assisted deposition setup. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:063306. [PMID: 28667984 DOI: 10.1063/1.4985547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
For the synthesis of high-quality thin films, ion-beam assisted deposition (IBAD) is a frequently used technique providing precise control over several substantial film properties. IBAD typically relies on the use of a broad-beam ion source. Such ion sources suffer from the limitation that they deliver a blend of ions with different ion masses, each of them possessing a certain distribution of kinetic energy. In this paper, a compact experimental setup is presented that enables the separate control of ion mass and ion kinetic energy in the region of hyperthermal energies (few 1 eV - few 100 eV). This ion energy region is of increasing interest not only for ion-assisted film growth but also for the wide field of preparative mass spectrometry. The setup consists of a constricted glow-discharge plasma beam source and a tailor-made, compact quadrupole system equipped with entry and exit ion optics. It is demonstrated that the separation of monoatomic and polyatomic nitrogen ions (N+ and N2+) is accomplished. For both ion species, the kinetic energy is shown to be selectable in the region of hyperthermal energies. At the sample position, ion current densities are found to be in the order of 1 μA/cm2 and the full width at half maximum of the ion beam profile is in the order of 10 mm. Thus, the requirements for homogeneous deposition processes in sufficiently short periods of time are fulfilled. Finally, employing the described setup, for the first time in practice epitaxial GaN films were deposited. This opens up the opportunity to fundamentally study the influence of the simultaneous irradiation with hyperthermal ions on the thin film growth in IBAD processes and to increase the flexibility of the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Gerlach
- Leibniz-Institut für Oberflächenmodifizierung (IOM), D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - P Schumacher
- Leibniz-Institut für Oberflächenmodifizierung (IOM), D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Mensing
- Leibniz-Institut für Oberflächenmodifizierung (IOM), D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Rauschenbach
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - I Cermak
- CGC Instruments, D-09112 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - B Rauschenbach
- Leibniz-Institut für Oberflächenmodifizierung (IOM), D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
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Rohdenburg M, Mayer M, Grellmann M, Jenne C, Borrmann T, Kleemiss F, Azov VA, Asmis KR, Grabowsky S, Warneke J. Superelectrophilic Behavior of an Anion Demonstrated by the Spontaneous Binding of Noble Gases to [B 12 Cl 11 ]<sup/>. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7980-7985. [PMID: 28560843 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
It is common and chemically intuitive to assign cations electrophilic and anions nucleophilic reactivity, respectively. Herein, we demonstrate a striking violation of this concept: The anion [B12 Cl11 ]- spontaneously binds to the noble gases (Ngs) xenon and krypton at room temperature in a reaction that is typical of "superelectrophilic" dications. [B12 Cl11 Ng]- adducts, with Ng binding energies of 80 to 100 kJ mol-1 , contain B-Ng bonds with a substantial degree of covalent interaction. The electrophilic nature of the [B12 Cl11 ]- anion is confirmed spectroscopically by the observation of a blue shift of the CO stretching mode in the IR spectrum of [B12 Cl11 CO]- and theoretically by investigation of its electronic structure. The orientation of the electric field at the reactive site of [B12 Cl11 ]- results in an energy barrier for the approach of polar molecules and facilitates the formation of Ng adducts that are not detected with reactive cations such as [C6 H5 ]+ . This introduces the new chemical concept of "dipole-discriminating electrophilic anions."
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Rohdenburg
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Angewandte und Physikalische Chemie, Fachbereich 2-Biologie/Chemie, Leobener Str. NW2, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Martin Mayer
- Universität Leipzig, Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Max Grellmann
- Universität Leipzig, Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carsten Jenne
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Tobias Borrmann
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Angewandte und Physikalische Chemie, Fachbereich 2-Biologie/Chemie, Leobener Str. NW2, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Florian Kleemiss
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Fachbereich 2-Biologie/Chemie, Leobener Str. NW2, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Vladimir A Azov
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Angewandte und Physikalische Chemie, Fachbereich 2-Biologie/Chemie, Leobener Str. NW2, 28359, Bremen, Germany.,N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Knut R Asmis
- Universität Leipzig, Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Simon Grabowsky
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Fachbereich 2-Biologie/Chemie, Leobener Str. NW2, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jonas Warneke
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Physical Science Division, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
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Rohdenburg M, Mayer M, Grellmann M, Jenne C, Borrmann T, Kleemiss F, Azov VA, Asmis KR, Grabowsky S, Warneke J. Superelektrophiles Verhalten eines Anions demonstriert durch spontane Bindung von Edelgasen an [B12
Cl11
]−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Rohdenburg
- Universität Bremen; Institut für Angewandte und Physikalische Chemie; Fachbereich 2 - Biologie/Chemie; Leobener Str. NW2 28359 Bremen Deutschland
| | - Martin Mayer
- Universität Leipzig; Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Linnéstr. 2 04103 Leipzig Deutschland
| | - Max Grellmann
- Universität Leipzig; Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Linnéstr. 2 04103 Leipzig Deutschland
| | - Carsten Jenne
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Anorganische Chemie; Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Gaußstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Deutschland
| | - Tobias Borrmann
- Universität Bremen; Institut für Angewandte und Physikalische Chemie; Fachbereich 2 - Biologie/Chemie; Leobener Str. NW2 28359 Bremen Deutschland
| | - Florian Kleemiss
- Universität Bremen; Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie; Fachbereich 2 - Biologie/Chemie; Leobener Str. NW2 28359 Bremen Deutschland
| | - Vladimir A. Azov
- Universität Bremen; Institut für Angewandte und Physikalische Chemie; Fachbereich 2 - Biologie/Chemie; Leobener Str. NW2 28359 Bremen Deutschland
- N. D. Zelinsky Institut für Organische Chemie; Russische Akademie der Wissenschaften; Leninsky prospect 47 Moskau 119991 Russland
| | - Knut R. Asmis
- Universität Leipzig; Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Linnéstr. 2 04103 Leipzig Deutschland
| | - Simon Grabowsky
- Universität Bremen; Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie; Fachbereich 2 - Biologie/Chemie; Leobener Str. NW2 28359 Bremen Deutschland
| | - Jonas Warneke
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Physical Science Division; Richland WA 99352 USA
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45
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Rauschenbach S, Rinke G, Gutzler R, Abb S, Albarghash A, Le D, Rahman TS, Dürr M, Harnau L, Kern K. Two-Dimensional Folding of Polypeptides into Molecular Nanostructures at Surfaces. ACS NANO 2017; 11:2420-2427. [PMID: 28122181 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b06145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the fabrication of molecular nanostructures on surfaces via two-dimensional (2D) folding of the nine amino acid peptide bradykinin. Soft-landing electrospray ion beam deposition in conjunction with high-resolution imaging by scanning tunneling microscopy is used to fabricate and investigate the molecular nanostructures. Subnanometer resolved images evidence the large conformational freedom of the molecules if thermal motion is inhibited and the formation of stable uniform dimers of only one specific conformation when diffusion can take place. Molecular dynamics modeling supported by density functional theory calculations give atomically precise insight into the induced-fit binding scheme when the folded dimer is formed. In the absence of solvent, we find a hierarchy of binding strength from polar to nonpolar, manifested in an inverted polar-nonpolar segregation which suppresses unspecific interactions at the rim of the nanostructure. The demonstrated 2D-folding scheme resembles many key properties of its native 3D counterpart and shows that functional, molecular nanostructures on surfaces fabricated by folding could be just as versatile and specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Rauschenbach
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstr. 1, Stuttgart DE-70569, Germany
| | - Gordon Rinke
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstr. 1, Stuttgart DE-70569, Germany
| | - Rico Gutzler
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstr. 1, Stuttgart DE-70569, Germany
| | - Sabine Abb
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstr. 1, Stuttgart DE-70569, Germany
| | - Alyazan Albarghash
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstr. 1, Stuttgart DE-70569, Germany
| | - Duy Le
- University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Talat S Rahman
- University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Michael Dürr
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Institute of Applied Physics , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, Giessen DE-35392, Germany
| | - Ludger Harnau
- University of Stuttgart , Bernhäuserstr. 75, Leinfelden-Echterdingen DE-70771, Germany
| | - Klaus Kern
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstr. 1, Stuttgart DE-70569, Germany
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institut de Physique , Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
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46
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Sethi S, Das PK, Behera N. The chemistry of aminoferrocene, Fe{(η5-C5H4NH2)(η5-Cp)}: Synthesis, reactivity and applications. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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47
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In situ solid-state electrochemistry of mass-selected ions at well-defined electrode-electrolyte interfaces. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:13324-13329. [PMID: 27821731 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1608730113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular-level understanding of electrochemical processes occurring at electrode-electrolyte interfaces (EEIs) is key to the rational development of high-performance and sustainable electrochemical technologies. This article reports the development and application of solid-state in situ thin-film electrochemical cells to explore redox and catalytic processes occurring at well-defined EEIs generated using soft-landing (SL) of mass- and charge-selected cluster ions. In situ cells with excellent mass-transfer properties are fabricated using carefully designed nanoporous ionic liquid membranes. SL enables deposition of pure active species that are not obtainable with other techniques onto electrode surfaces with precise control over charge state, composition, and kinetic energy. SL is, therefore, demonstrated to be a unique tool for studying fundamental processes occurring at EEIs. Using an aprotic cell, the effect of charge state ([Formula: see text]) and the contribution of building blocks of Keggin polyoxometalate (POM) clusters to redox processes are characterized by populating EEIs with POM anions generated by electrospray ionization and gas-phase dissociation. Additionally, a proton-conducting cell has been developed to characterize the oxygen reduction activity of bare Pt clusters (Pt30 ∼1 nm diameter), thus demonstrating the capability of the cell for probing catalytic reactions in controlled gaseous environments. By combining the developed in situ electrochemical cell with ion SL we established a versatile method to characterize the EEI in solid-state redox systems and reactive electrochemistry at precisely defined conditions. This capability will advance the molecular-level understanding of processes occurring at EEIs that are critical to many energy-related technologies.
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48
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Johnson GE, Moser T, Engelhard M, Browning ND, Laskin J. Fabrication of electrocatalytic Ta nanoparticles by reactive sputtering and ion soft landing. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:174701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4966199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Grant E. Johnson
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Trevor Moser
- Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931, USA
| | - Mark Engelhard
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Nigel D. Browning
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Julia Laskin
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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49
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Pratihar S, Barnes GL, Laskin J, Hase WL. Dynamics of Protonated Peptide Ion Collisions with Organic Surfaces: Consonance of Simulation and Experiment. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:3142-3150. [PMID: 27467857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this Perspective, mass spectrometry experiments and chemical dynamics simulations are described that have explored the atomistic dynamics of protonated peptide ions, peptide-H(+), colliding with organic surfaces. These studies have investigated the energy transfer and fragmentation dynamics for peptide-H(+) surface-induced dissociation (SID), peptide-H(+) physisorption on the surface, soft landing (SL), and peptide-H(+) reaction with the surface, reactive landing (RL). SID provides primary structures of biological ions and information regarding their fragmentation pathways and energetics. Two SID mechanisms are found for peptide-H(+) fragmentation. A traditional mechanism in which peptide-H(+) is vibrationally excited by its collision with the surface, rebounds off the surface and then dissociates in accord with the statistical, RRKM unimolecular rate theory. The other, shattering, is a nonstatistical mechanism in which peptide-H(+) fragments as it collides with the surface, dissociating via many pathways and forming many product ions. Shattering is important for collisions with diamond and perfluorinated self-assembled monolayer (F-SAM) surfaces, increasing in importance with the peptide-H(+) collision energy. Chemical dynamics simulations also provide important mechanistic insights on SL and RL of biological ions on surfaces. The simulations indicate that SL occurs via multiple mechanisms consisting of sequences of peptide-H(+) physisorption on and penetration in the surface. SL and RL have a broad range of important applications including preparation of protein or peptide microarrays, development of biocompatible substrates and biosensors, and preparation of novel synthetic materials, including nanomaterials. An important RL mechanism is intact deposition of peptide-H(+) on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subha Pratihar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - George L Barnes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Siena College , Loudonville, New York 12211, United States
| | - Julia Laskin
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Physical Sciences Division, P.O. Box 999 K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - William L Hase
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
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50
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Johnson GE, Laskin J. Understanding ligand effects in gold clusters using mass spectrometry. Analyst 2016; 141:3573-89. [PMID: 27221357 DOI: 10.1039/c6an00263c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent research on the influence of phosphine ligands on the size, stability, and reactivity of gold clusters synthesized in solution. Sub-nanometer clusters exhibit size- and composition-dependent properties that are unique from those of larger nanoparticles. The highly tunable properties of clusters and their high surface-to-volume ratio make them promising candidates for a variety of technological applications. However, because "each-atom-counts" toward defining cluster properties it is critically important to develop robust synthesis methods to efficiently prepare clusters of predetermined size. For decades phosphines have been known to direct the size-selected synthesis of gold clusters. Despite the preparation of numerous species it is still not understood how different functional groups at phosphine centers affect the size and properties of gold clusters. Using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) it is possible to characterize the effect of ligand substitution on the distribution of clusters formed in solution at defined reaction conditions. In addition, ligand exchange reactions on preformed clusters may be monitored using ESI-MS. Collision induced dissociation (CID) may also be employed to obtain qualitative insight into the fragmentation of mixed ligand clusters and the relative binding energies of differently substituted phosphines. Quantitative ligand binding energies and cluster stability may be determined employing surface induced dissociation (SID) in a custom-built Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR-MS). Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) based modeling of the SID data allows dissociation energies and entropy values to be extracted. The charge reduction and reactivity of atomically precise gold clusters, including partially ligated species generated in the gas-phase by in source CID, on well-defined surfaces may be explored using ion soft landing (SL) in a custom-built instrument combined with in situ time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). Jointly, this multipronged experimental approach allows characterization of the full spectrum of relevant phenomena including cluster synthesis, ligand exchange, thermochemistry, surface immobilization, and reactivity. The fundamental insights obtained from this work will facilitate the directed synthesis of gold clusters with predetermined size and properties for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant E Johnson
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
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