1
|
Gil Alabarse P, Chen LY, Oliveira P, Qin H, Liu-Bryan R. Targeting CD38 to Suppress Osteoarthritis Development and Associated Pain After Joint Injury in Mice. Arthritis Rheumatol 2023; 75:364-374. [PMID: 36103412 PMCID: PMC9998345 DOI: 10.1002/art.42351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to determine the role of CD38, which can function as an enzyme to degrade NAD+ , in osteoarthritis (OA) development. METHODS Human knee cartilage from normal donors and OA donors were examined for CD38 expression. "Gain-of-function," through overexpression of CD38 via transient transfection, and "loss-of-function," through pharmacologic inhibition of CD38, approaches were used to assess the effects of CD38 on intracellular NAD+ :NADH ratio and catabolic activity in chondrocytes. We also initiated joint injury-induced OA by surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) in CD38 knockout mice and wild-type (WT; C57BL/6) mice and in WT male mice in the presence or absence of apigenin treatment. Cartilage degradation, synovial inflammation, subchondral bone changes, and pain behavior were evaluated after DMM surgery. We also examined expression of CD38 and the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in knee sections from these mice. RESULTS CD38 expression was up-regulated in human knee OA cartilage and in chondrocytes stimulated with the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Overexpression of CD38 in chondrocytes resulted in reduced cellular NAD+ :NADH ratio and augmented catabolic responses to IL-1β. These effects were reversed by pharmacologic inhibition of CD38. Cartilage degradation and synovial inflammation, associated with increased CD38 expression in cartilage and synovium, osteophyte formation and subchondral bone sclerosis, and pain-like behavior linked to increased CGRP expression in the synovium were observed in WT mice after joint injury. Such effects were significantly reduced in mice deficient in CD38 through either genetic knockout or pharmacologic inhibition. CONCLUSION CD38 deficiency exerts OA disease-modifying effects. Inhibition of CD38 has the potential to be a novel therapeutic approach for OA treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Liang-Yu Chen
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and University of California San Diego
| | - Patricia Oliveira
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and University of California San Diego
| | | | - Ru Liu-Bryan
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and University of California San Diego
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moslehi M, Rezaei S, Talebzadeh P, Ansari MJ, Jawad MA, Jalil AT, Rastegar-Pouyani N, Jafarzadeh E, Taeb S, Najafi M. Apigenin in cancer therapy: Prevention of genomic instability and anticancer mechanisms. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2023; 50:3-18. [PMID: 36111951 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of cancer has been growing worldwide. Better survival rates following the administration of novel drugs and new combination therapies may concomitantly cause concern regarding the long-term adverse effects of cancer therapy, for example, second primary malignancies. Moreover, overcoming tumour resistance to anticancer agents has been long considered as a critical challenge in cancer research. Some low toxic adjuvants such as herb-derived molecules may be of interest for chemoprevention and overcoming the resistance of malignancies to cancer therapy. Apigenin is a plant-derived molecule with attractive properties for chemoprevention, for instance, promising anti-tumour effects, which may make it a desirable adjuvant to reduce genomic instability and the risks of second malignancies among normal tissues. Moreover, it may improve the efficiency of anticancer modalities. This paper aims to review various effects of apigenin in both normal tissues and malignancies. In addition, we explain how apigenin may have the ability to protect usual cells against the genotoxic repercussions following radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of apigenin on tumours will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Moslehi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sepideh Rezaei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pourya Talebzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tehran Medical Faculty, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
| | - Nima Rastegar-Pouyani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Emad Jafarzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Taeb
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Medical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Meng M, Li X, Wang Z, Huo R, Ma N, Chang G, Shen X. A high-concentrate diet induces inflammatory injury via regulating Ca 2+/CaMKKβ-mediated autophagy in mammary gland tissue of dairy cows. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1186170. [PMID: 37197665 PMCID: PMC10183583 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1186170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase β (CaMKKβ) is closely related to Ca2+ concentration. An increase in Ca2+ concentration in the cytoplasm activates CaMKKβ, and activated CaMKKβ affects the activities of AMPK and mTOR and induces autophagy. A high-concentrate diet leads to Ca2+ disorder in mammary gland tissue. Objectives Therefore, this study mainly investigated the induction of mammary gland tissue autophagy by a high-concentrate diet and the specific mechanism of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced autophagy in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). Material and Methods Twelve mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows were fed with a 40% concentrate diet (LC) and a 60% concentrate diet (HC) for 3 weeks. At the end of the trial, rumen fluid, lacteal vein blood, and mammary gland tissue were collected. The results showed that the HC diet significantly decreased rumen fluid pH, with a pH lower than 5.6 for more than 3 h, indicating successfully induction of subacute rumen acidosis (SARA). The mechanism of LPS-induced autophagy in BMECs was studied in vitro. First, the cells were divided into a Ctrl group and LPS group to study the effects of LPS on the concentration of Ca2+ and autophagy in BMECs. Then, cells were pretreated with an AMPK inhibitor (compound C) or CaMKKβ inhibitor (STO-609) to investigate whether the CaMKKβ-AMPK signaling pathway is involved in LPS-induced BMEC autophagy. Results The HC diet increased the concentration of Ca2+ in mammary gland tissue and pro-inflammatory factors in plasma. The HC diet also significantly increased the expression of CaMKKβ, AMPK, and autophagy-related proteins, resulting in mammary gland tissue injury. In vitro cell experiments showed that LPS increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration and upregulated protein expression of CaMKKβ, AMPK, and autophagy-related proteins. Compound C pretreatment decreased the expression of proteins related to autophagy and inflammation. In addition, STO-609 pretreatment not only reversed LPS-induced BMECs autophagy but also inhibited the protein expression of AMPK, thereby alleviating the inflammatory response in BMECs. These results suggest that inhibition of the Ca2+/CaMKKβ-AMPK signaling pathway reduces LPS-induced autophagy, thereby alleviating inflammatory injury of BMECs. Conclusion Therefore, SARA may increase the expression of CaMKKβ by increasing Ca2+ levels and activate autophagy through the AMPK signaling pathway, thereby inducing inflammatory injury in mammary gland tissue of dairy cows.
Collapse
|
4
|
Hashem S, Ali TA, Akhtar S, Nisar S, Sageena G, Ali S, Al-Mannai S, Therachiyil L, Mir R, Elfaki I, Mir MM, Jamal F, Masoodi T, Uddin S, Singh M, Haris M, Macha M, Bhat AA. Targeting cancer signaling pathways by natural products: Exploring promising anti-cancer agents. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113054. [PMID: 35658225 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death and significantly burdens the healthcare system. Due to its prevalence, there is undoubtedly an unmet need to discover novel anticancer drugs. The use of natural products as anticancer agents is an acceptable therapeutic approach due to accessibility, applicability, and reduced cytotoxicity. Natural products have been an incomparable source of anticancer drugs in the modern era of drug discovery. Along with their derivatives and analogs, natural products play a major role in cancer treatment by modulating the cancer microenvironment and different signaling pathways. These compounds are effective against several signaling pathways, mainly cell death pathways (apoptosis and autophagy) and embryonic developmental pathways (Notch pathway, Wnt pathway, and Hedgehog pathway). The historical record of natural products is strong, but there is a need to investigate the current role of natural products in the discovery and development of cancer drugs and determine the possibility of natural products being an important source of future therapeutic agents. Many target-specific anticancer drugs failed to provide successful results, which accounts for a need to investigate natural products with multi-target characteristics to achieve better outcomes. The potential of natural products to be promising novel compounds for cancer treatment makes them an important area of research. This review explores the significance of natural products in inhibiting the various signaling pathways that serve as drivers of carcinogenesis and thus pave the way for developing and discovering anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheema Hashem
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tayyiba Akbar Ali
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sabah Akhtar
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sabah Nisar
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Shahid Ali
- International Potato Center (CIP), Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Sharefa Al-Mannai
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar
| | - Lubna Therachiyil
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rashid Mir
- Prince Fahd Bin Sultan Research chair, Department Of Medical Lab Technology, FAMS, University of Tabuk,Saudi Arabia
| | - Imadeldin Elfaki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Muzaffar Mir
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farrukh Jamal
- Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, India
| | - Tariq Masoodi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mayank Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar; Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Muzafar Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Kashmir, India.
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Barone E, Di Domenico F, Perluigi M, Butterfield DA. The interplay among oxidative stress, brain insulin resistance and AMPK dysfunction contribute to neurodegeneration in type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 176:16-33. [PMID: 34530075 PMCID: PMC8595768 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly followed by vascular dementia. In addition to clinically diagnosed dementia, cognitive dysfunction has been reported in diabetic patients. Recent studies are now beginning to recognize type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, as a risk factor for AD and other cognitive disorders. While studies on insulin action have remained traditionally in the domain of peripheral tissues, the detrimental effects of insulin resistance in the central nervous system on cognitive dysfunction are increasingly being reported in recent clinical and preclinical studies. Brain functions require continuous supply of glucose and oxygen and a tight regulation of metabolic processes. Loss of this metabolic regulation has been proposed to be a contributor to memory dysfunction associated with neurodegeneration. Within the above scenario, this review will focus on the interplay among oxidative stress (OS), insulin resistance and AMPK dysfunctions in the brain by highlighting how these neurotoxic events contribute to neurodegeneration. We provide an overview on the detrimental effects of OS on proteins regulating insulin signaling and how these alterations impact cell metabolic dysfunctions through AMPK dysregulation. Such processes, we assert, are critically involved in the molecular pathways that underlie AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0055, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hou L, Jiang F, Huang B, Zheng W, Jiang Y, Cai G, Liu D, Hu CY, Wang C. Dihydromyricetin Ameliorates Inflammation-Induced Insulin Resistance via Phospholipase C-CaMKK-AMPK Signal Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8542809. [PMID: 34650665 PMCID: PMC8510796 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8542809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Patients with metabolic syndrome have a higher risk of type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The metabolic syndrome has become an urgent public health problem. Insulin resistance is the common pathophysiological basis of metabolic syndrome. The higher incidence of insulin resistance in obese groups is due to increased levels of inflammatory factors during obesity. Therefore, developing a therapeutic strategy for insulin resistance has great significance for the treatment of the metabolic syndrome. Dihydromyricetin, as a bioactive polyphenol, has been used for anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and improving insulin sensitivity. However, the target of DHM and molecular mechanism of DHM for preventing inflammation-induced insulin resistance is still unclear. In this study, we first confirmed the role of dihydromyricetin in inflammation-induced insulin resistance in vivo and in vitro. Then, we demonstrated that dihydromyricetin resisted inflammation-induced insulin resistance by activating Ca2+-CaMKK-AMPK using signal pathway blockers, Ca2+ probes, and immunofluorescence. Finally, we clarified that dihydromyricetin activated Ca2+-CaMKK-AMPK signaling pathway by interacting with the phospholipase C (PLC), its target protein, using drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) assay. Our results not only demonstrated that dihydromyricetin resisted inflammation-induced insulin resistance via the PLC-CaMKK-AMPK signal pathway but also discovered that the target protein of dihydromyricetin is the PLC. Our results provided experimental data for the development of dihydromyricetin as a functional food and new therapeutic strategies for treating or preventing PLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianjie Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, China
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518 Guangdong, China
| | - Fangyi Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, China
| | - Weijie Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, China
| | - Yufei Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, China
| | - Gengyuan Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, China
| | - Dewu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, China
| | - Ching Yuan Hu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA
| | - Chong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dang CP, Issara-Amphorn J, Charoensappakit A, Udompornpitak K, Bhunyakarnjanarat T, Saisorn W, Sae-Khow K, Leelahavanichkul A. BAM15, a Mitochondrial Uncoupling Agent, Attenuates Inflammation in the LPS Injection Mouse Model: An Adjunctive Anti-Inflammation on Macrophages and Hepatocytes. J Innate Immun 2021; 13:359-375. [PMID: 34062536 PMCID: PMC8613553 DOI: 10.1159/000516348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlof immune responses through the immunometabolism interference is interesting for sepsis treatment. Then, expression of immunometabolism-associated genes and BAM15, a mitochondrial uncoupling agent, was explored in a proinflammatory model using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Accordingly, the decreased expression of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins was demonstrated by transcriptomic analysis on metabolism-associated genes in macrophages (RAW246.7) and by polymerase chain reaction in LPS-stimulated RAW246.7 and hepatocytes (Hepa 1-6). Pretreatment with BAM15 at 24 h prior to LPS in macrophages attenuated supernatant inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10), downregulated genes of proinflammatory M1 polarization (iNOS and IL-1β), upregulated anti-inflammatory M2 polarization (Arg1 and FIZZ), and decreased cell energy status (extracellular flux analysis and ATP production). Likewise, BAM15 decreased expression of proinflammatory genes (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, and iNOS) and reduced cell energy in hepatocytes. In LPS-administered mice, BAM15 attenuated serum cytokines, organ injury (liver enzymes and serum creatinine), and tissue cytokines (livers and kidneys), in part, through the enhanced phosphorylated αAMPK, a sensor of ATP depletion with anti-inflammatory property, in the liver, and reduced inflammatory monocytes/macrophages (Ly6C +ve, CD11b +ve) in the liver as detected by Western blot and flow cytometry, respectively. In conclusion, a proof of concept for inflammation attenuation of BAM15 through metabolic interference-induced anti-inflammation on macrophages and hepatocytes was demonstrated as a new strategy of anti-inflammation in sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Phi Dang
- Medical Microbiology, Interdisciplinary and International Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand,
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand,
| | | | - Awirut Charoensappakit
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanyarat Udompornpitak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Wilasinee Saisorn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kritsanawan Sae-Khow
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (TRIRU), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ponte LGS, Pavan ICB, Mancini MCS, da Silva LGS, Morelli AP, Severino MB, Bezerra RMN, Simabuco FM. The Hallmarks of Flavonoids in Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:2029. [PMID: 33918290 PMCID: PMC8038160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids represent an important group of bioactive compounds derived from plant-based foods and beverages with known biological activity in cells. From the modulation of inflammation to the inhibition of cell proliferation, flavonoids have been described as important therapeutic adjuvants against several diseases, including diabetes, arteriosclerosis, neurological disorders, and cancer. Cancer is a complex and multifactor disease that has been studied for years however, its prevention is still one of the best known and efficient factors impacting the epidemiology of the disease. In the molecular and cellular context, some of the mechanisms underlying the oncogenesis and the progression of the disease are understood, known as the hallmarks of cancer. In this text, we review important molecular signaling pathways, including inflammation, immunity, redox metabolism, cell growth, autophagy, apoptosis, and cell cycle, and analyze the known mechanisms of action of flavonoids in cancer. The current literature provides enough evidence supporting that flavonoids may be important adjuvants in cancer therapy, highlighting the importance of healthy and balanced diets to prevent the onset and progression of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Gustavo Saboia Ponte
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Isadora Carolina Betim Pavan
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
- Laboratory of Signal Mechanisms (LMS), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCF), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-871, Brazil
| | - Mariana Camargo Silva Mancini
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Luiz Guilherme Salvino da Silva
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Ana Paula Morelli
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Matheus Brandemarte Severino
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Rosangela Maria Neves Bezerra
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Fernando Moreira Simabuco
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Musial C, Siedlecka-Kroplewska K, Kmiec Z, Gorska-Ponikowska M. Modulation of Autophagy in Cancer Cells by Dietary Polyphenols. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010123. [PMID: 33467015 PMCID: PMC7830598 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of autophagy is to degrade damaged or unnecessary cellular structures. Both in vivo and in vitro studies suggest a dual role of autophagy in cancer—it may promote the development of neoplasms, but it may also play a tumor protective function. The mechanism of autophagy depends on the genetic context, tumor stage and type, tumor microenvironment, or clinical therapy used. Autophagy also plays an important role in cell death as well as in the induction of chemoresistance of cancer cells. The following review describes the extensive autophagic cell death in relation to dietary polyphenols and cancer disease. The review documents increasing use of polyphenolic compounds in cancer prevention, or as agents supporting oncological treatment. Polyphenols are organic chemicals that exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and immunomodulating properties, and can also initiate the process of apoptosis. In addition, polyphenols reduce oxidative stress and protect against reactive oxygen species. This review presents in vitro and in vivo studies in animal models with the use of polyphenolic compounds such as epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), oleuropein, punicalgin, apigenin, resveratrol, pterostilbene, or curcumin and their importance in the modulation of autophagy-induced death of cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Musial
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | | | - Zbigniew Kmiec
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (K.S.-K.); (Z.K.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activity of The Ethanolic Extract of Equisetum Myriochaetum and Molecular Docking of Its Main Metabolites (Apigenin, Kaempferol, and Quercetin) on β-Tubulin. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020443. [PMID: 33466999 PMCID: PMC7831036 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Equisetum myriochaetum is a semi-aquatic plant found on riverbanks that is commonly used in traditional medicine as a diuretic agent. Additionally, the genus Equisetum stands out for its content of the flavonoid kaempferol, a well-known antiproliferative agent. Therefore, in this study, E. myriochaetum ethanolic extract was tested in vitro against a cervical cancer cell line (SiHa). Additionally, the antioxidative activity was evaluated through a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH) assay. Finally, a molecular docking analysis of apigenin, kaempferol, and quercetin on the active site of β-tubulin was performed to investigate their potential mechanism of action. All fractions of E. myriochaetum ethanolic extract showed antioxidative activity. Fraction 14 displayed an antiproliferative capacity with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 6.78 μg/mL against SiHa cells.
Collapse
|
11
|
Ahmed SA, Parama D, Daimari E, Girisa S, Banik K, Harsha C, Dutta U, Kunnumakkara AB. Rationalizing the therapeutic potential of apigenin against cancer. Life Sci 2020; 267:118814. [PMID: 33333052 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the remarkable advances made in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer during the past couple of decades, it remains the second largest cause of mortality in the world, killing approximately 9.6 million people annually. The major challenges in the treatment of the advanced stage of this disease are the development of chemoresistance, severe adverse effects of the drugs, and high treatment cost. Therefore, the development of drugs that are safe, efficacious, and cost-effective remains a 'Holy Grail' in cancer research. However, the research over the past four decades shed light on the cancer-preventive and therapeutic potential of natural products and their underlying mechanism of action. Apigenin is one such compound, which is known to be safe and has significant potential in the prevention and therapy of this disease. AIM To assess the literature available on the potential of apigenin and its analogs in modulating the key molecular targets leading to the prevention and treatment of different types of cancer. METHOD A comprehensive literature search has been carried out on PubMed for obtaining information related to the sources and analogs, chemistry and biosynthesis, physicochemical properties, biological activities, bioavailability and toxicity of apigenin. KEY FINDINGS The literature search resulted in many in vitro, in vivo and a few cohort studies that evidenced the effectiveness of apigenin and its analogs in modulating important molecular targets and signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT, NF-κB, MAPK/ERK, Wnt/β-catenin, etc., which play a crucial role in the development and progression of cancer. In addition, apigenin was also shown to inhibit chemoresistance and radioresistance and make cancer cells sensitive to these agents. Reports have further revealed the safety of the compound and the adaptation of nanotechnological approaches for improving its bioavailability. SIGNIFICANCE Hence, the present review recapitulates the properties of apigenin and its pharmacological activities against different types of cancer, which warrant further investigation in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Semim Akhtar Ahmed
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Pan Bazar, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India
| | - Dey Parama
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Enush Daimari
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Pan Bazar, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Choudhary Harsha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Uma Dutta
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Pan Bazar, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ashrafizadeh M, Bakhoda MR, Bahmanpour Z, Ilkhani K, Zarrabi A, Makvandi P, Khan H, Mazaheri S, Darvish M, Mirzaei H. Apigenin as Tumor Suppressor in Cancers: Biotherapeutic Activity, Nanodelivery, and Mechanisms With Emphasis on Pancreatic Cancer. Front Chem 2020; 8:829. [PMID: 33195038 PMCID: PMC7593821 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the most lethal malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract. Due to its propensity for early local and distant spread, affected patients possess extremely poor prognosis. Currently applied treatments are not effective enough to eradicate all cancer cells, and minimize their migration. Besides, these treatments are associated with adverse effects on normal cells and organs. These therapies are not able to increase the overall survival rate of patients; hence, finding novel adjuvants or alternatives is so essential. Up to now, medicinal herbs were utilized for therapeutic goals. Herbal-based medicine, as traditional biotherapeutics, were employed for cancer treatment. Of them, apigenin, as a bioactive flavonoid that possesses numerous biological properties (e.g., anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects), has shown substantial anticancer activity. It seems that apigenin is capable of suppressing the proliferation of cancer cells via the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Besides, apigenin inhibits metastasis via down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases and the Akt signaling pathway. In pancreatic cancer cells, apigenin sensitizes cells in chemotherapy, and affects molecular pathways such as the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1). Herein, the biotherapeutic activity of apigenin and its mechanisms toward cancer cells are presented in the current review to shed some light on anti-tumor activity of apigenin in different cancers, with an emphasis on pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Bakhoda
- Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Bahmanpour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khandan Ilkhani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Centre for Micro-BioRobotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Samaneh Mazaheri
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Maryam Darvish
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li N, Wang Z, Sun T, Lei Y, Liu X, Li Z. Apigenin Alleviates Renal Fibroblast Activation through AMPK and ERK Signaling Pathways In Vitro. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:1107-1118. [PMID: 32196447 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200320140908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Renal fibrosis is a common pathway leading to the progression of chronic kidney disease. Activated fibroblasts contribute remarkably to the development of renal fibrosis. Although apigenin has been demonstrated to play a protective role from fibrotic diseases, its pharmacological effect on renal fibroblast activation remains largely unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, we examined the functional role of apigenin in the activation of renal fibroblasts response to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and its potential mechanisms. Cultured renal fibroblasts (NRK-49F) were exposed to apigenin (1, 5, 10 and 20 μM), followed by the stimulation of TGF-β1 (2 ng/mL) for 24 h. The markers of fibroblast activation were determined. In order to confirm the anti-fibrosis effect of apigenin, the expression of fibrosis-associated genes in renal fibroblasts was assessed. As a consequence, apigenin alleviated fibroblast proliferation and fibroblastmyofibroblast differentiation induced by TGF-β1. RESULTS Notably, apigenin significantly inhibited the fibrosis-associated genes expression in renal fibroblasts. Moreover, apigenin treatment significantly increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Apigenin treatment also obviously reduced TGF-β1 induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 but not Smad2/3, p38 and JNK MAPK in renal fibroblasts. CONCLUSION In a summary, these results indicate that apigenin inhibits renal fibroblast proliferation, differentiation and function by AMPK activation and reduced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, suggesting it could be an attractive therapeutic potential for the treatment of renal fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Li
- Department of Pathology, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Surgery, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanfei Lei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xianghua Liu
- Scientific Research and Experiment Center, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hernández-Guzmán C, Prado-Barragán A, Gimeno M, Román-Guerrero A, Rutiaga-Quiñones OM, Rocha Guzmán NE, Huerta-Ochoa S. Whole-cell bioconversion of naringenin to high added value hydroxylated compounds using Yarrowia lipolytica 2.2ab in surface and liquid cultures. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:1219-1230. [PMID: 32144595 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02316-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The bioconversion process of bioactive naringenin by whole-cells of Yarrowia lipolytica 2.2ab for the production of increased value-added compounds is successfully achieved in surface and liquid cultures. This approach is an alternative to the commercial production of these bioactive compounds from vegetable sources, which are limited due to their low concentrations and the complexity of the purification processes. The experimentation rendered seven value-added compounds in both surface and liquid bioconversion cultures. Some of the compounds produced have not been previously reported as products from the bioconversion processes, such as the case of ampelopsin. Biosynthetic pathways were suggested for the naringenin bioconversion using whole-cells of Y. lipolytica 2.2ab. Finally, the extracts obtained from the naringenin bioconversion in liquid cultures showed higher percentage of inhibition of DPPH· and ABTS· radicals up to 32.88 and 2.08 times, respectively, compared to commercial naringenin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hernández-Guzmán
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, P.A. 55-535, 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arely Prado-Barragán
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, P.A. 55-535, 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miquel Gimeno
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angélica Román-Guerrero
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, P.A. 55-535, 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Olga Miriam Rutiaga-Quiñones
- Departamento de Química-Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | - Nuria Elizabeth Rocha Guzmán
- Departamento de Química-Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | - Sergio Huerta-Ochoa
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, P.A. 55-535, 09340, Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Singh D, Khan MA, Siddique HR. Apigenin, A Plant Flavone Playing Noble Roles in Cancer Prevention Via Modulation of Key Cell Signaling Networks. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2020; 14:298-311. [DOI: 10.2174/1574892814666191026095728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Cancer is a global health problem and the continuous rise in incidence and
mortality due to cancer carries a real economic burden to all countries. Accumulation of genetic mutation,
exposure of environmental carcinogens and food habits due to change in lifestyles are the key
reasons for cancer. Targeting cancer cells, we need a multitargeting molecule with low/no toxicity.
Objective :
To review the current update of the research status of chemopreventive/therapeutic molecule,
Apigenin.
Methods:
Compare the results of the published articles and granted patents on this compound. We also
discuss the pros and cons of the present research and future direction.
Results:
Cancer cells have characteristic alterations and dysregulation of various cell signaling pathways
that control cell homeostasis, proliferation, motility, and survival in normal cells. Natural flavonoids
are the compounds well known for their anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancerous
properties. Apigenin, along with several other physiological effects, has a very low intrinsic toxicity
and striking effects on the proliferation of cancer cells. Interestingly, this multitargeting molecule is
getting wide acceptance among researchers. It is evident from the recent patents filed in this compound.
At present, three patents have been granted only on the anticancer properties of apigenin.
Conclusion:
This mini-review will explain the present research status of apigenin and will further
shine some light on how apigenin performs its anti-cancerous actions by interfering with the key cellsignaling
pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Singh
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India
| | - Mohammad A. Khan
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India
| | - Hifzur R. Siddique
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sen K, Banerjee S, Mandal M. Dual drug loaded liposome bearing apigenin and 5-Fluorouracil for synergistic therapeutic efficacy in colorectal cancer. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 180:9-22. [PMID: 31015105 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-based combinatorial therapeutic regiments which target multiple pathways simultaneously are being utilized as a therapeutic strategy of choice due to reduction in toxicity profile and enhancement of therapeutic index of the individual drugs. 5-Fluorouracil is a clinically approved drug which has limited response rate in the realm of colorectal cancer amelioration, hence our study aims to improve its efficacy by aiming the simultaneous delivery of 5-Flurouracil and apigenin which is naturally occurring flavone abundantly present in fruit and vegetables through a single liposome to combat and control colorectal cancer effectively in-vitro and in-vivo. The liposomal nanocarrier bearing the anti-tumorigenic agent apigenin was designed in this study in order to improve the bioavailability of the flavone while at the same time achieve combinatorial drug regime with 5- Fluorouracil. This study reports the synthesis and production of a relatively robust dual drug-loaded liposomal formulation by modified thin film hydration method which substantially entraps both the drugs. Even though there have been reports of the combinatorial regimen involving apigenin and 5-Flurouracil our study reports the optimal molar ratio for effective synergistic therapeutic application of this drug combination to alleviate colorectal cancer. The cytotoxicity and cellular effects of individual, combinatorial free drugs and their liposomal counterparts tested against two human colon cancer cell lines revealed significantly higher cytotoxicity of the dual-drug liposomes. The dual-drug liposomes demonstrated enhanced inhibition of angiogenesis, better reduction in cell proliferation and increased apoptotic potential. Cell signaling studies indicating a significant upregulation of pAMPK and activity against downstream targets by dual drug liposomes suggested its role in the reversal of Warburg effect. The formulation was tested in a preclinical setting in nude mice tumor xenograft model and was found to have greater anti-neoplastic and anti-tumorigenic effect. The study indicated that the increased chemotherapeutic potential in vivo was due to the passive targeting achieved by the liposomal drug loaded nano-carrier and the synergistic effect of apigenin in 5-Fluorouracil treatment offers a new attractive alternative to enhance the therapeutic potency of drugs and paves way for potential clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kacoli Sen
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Shubhadeep Banerjee
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Apigenin restores impairment of autophagy and downregulation of unfolded protein response regulatory proteins in keratinocytes exposed to ultraviolet B radiation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 194:84-95. [PMID: 30933875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation is a major environmental risk factor that is responsible for the development and progression of many skin cancers. Apigenin, a type of bioflavonoid, has been reported to inhibit UVB-induced skin cancer. However, how apigenin functions in keratinocytes with UV damage remains unclear. In this study, by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, we found that apigenin treatment increased cell death in the primary human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) and the cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cell line COLO-16. Apigenin treatment reduced microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II turnover, acridine orange staining and GFP-LC3 puncta in both cell types, suggesting autophagy inhibition. However, apigenin treatment restored the inhibition of autophagy in UVB-challenged HEKs. Moreover, apigenin treatment restored the UVB-induced downregulation of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM), ataxia-telangiectasia, Rad3-related (ATR) and the unfolded protein response (UPR) regulatory proteins, BiP, IRE1α and PERK in HEKs. Apigenin treatment also inhibited UVB-induced apoptosis and cell death in HEKs. In addition, autophagy inhibition by autophagy-related gene (ATG) 5 RNA interference interrupted apigenin-induced restoration of ATR, ATM and BiP, which were downregulated in HEKs exposed to UVB radiation. Our findings indicate that apigenin exhibits a novel protective effect in keratinocytes with UVB damage, suggesting potential application as a photoprotective agent.
Collapse
|
18
|
Aster glehni Extract Containing Caffeoylquinic Compounds Protects Human Keratinocytes through the TRPV4-PPAR δ-AMPK Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2018:9616574. [PMID: 30622619 PMCID: PMC6304624 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9616574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aster glehni (AG) has been used in cooking and as a medicine to treat various diseases for over hundreds of years in Korea. To speculate the protective effects of AG on skin barrier, we estimated the protein levels of biomarkers related to skin barrier protection in human keratinocytes, HaCaT cells treated with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), or 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). The protein levels for keratin, involucrin, defensin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ), 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 2 (SPTLC2), and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4) were evaluated using western blotting or immunocytochemistry in HaCaT cells. AG extract increased the protein levels of PPARδ, phosphorylated AMPK, SPTLC2, keratin, involucrin, and defensin compared to the SDS or DNCB control group. However, TNFα expression increased by SDS or DNCB was decreased with AG extract. The order of action of each regulatory biomarker in AG pathway was identified TRPV4→PPARδ→AMPK from antagonist and siRNA treatment studies. AG can ameliorate the injury of keratinocytes caused by SDS or DNCB through the sequential regulation of TRPV4→PPARδ→AMPK pathway.
Collapse
|
19
|
Park HJ, Kim MM. Amentoflavone Induces Autophagy and Modulates p53. CELL JOURNAL 2018; 21:27-34. [PMID: 30507085 PMCID: PMC6275431 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2019.5717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective Amentoflavone is the main component of Selaginella tamariscina widely known as an oriental traditional
medicinal stuff that has been known to have a variety of medicinal effects such as the induction of apoptosis, anti-
metastasis, and anti-inflammation. However, the effect of amentoflavone on autophagy has not been reported until now.
The aim of this study was to investigate whether amentoflavone has a positive effect on the induction of autophagy
related to cell aging.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, the aging of young cells was induced by the treatment with insulin-
like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) at 50 ng/mL three times every two days. The effect of amentoflavone on the cell viability
was evaluated in A549 and WI-38 cells using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The
induction of autophagy was detected using autophagy detection kit. The expression of proteins related to autophagy
and IGF-1 signaling pathway was examined by western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assay.
Results First of all, it was found that amentoflavone induces the formation of autophagosome. In addition, it enhanced
the expression level of Atg7 and increased the expression levels of Beclin1, Atg3, and LC3 associated with the induction
of autophagy in immunofluorescence staining and western blot analyses. Moreover, amentoflavone inhibited the cell
aging induced by IGF-1 and hydrogen peroxide. In particular, the levels of p53 and p-p21 proteins were increased in the
presence of amentoflavone. Furthermore, amentoflavone increased the level of SIRT1 deacetylating p53.
Conclusion Our results suggest that amentoflavone could play a positive role in the inhibition of various diseases
associated with autophagy and the modulation of p53.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jung Park
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Moo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea. Electronic Address:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Moosavi MA, Haghi A, Rahmati M, Taniguchi H, Mocan A, Echeverría J, Gupta VK, Tzvetkov NT, Atanasov AG. Phytochemicals as potent modulators of autophagy for cancer therapy. Cancer Lett 2018; 424:46-69. [PMID: 29474859 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The dysregulation of autophagy is involved in the pathogenesis of a broad range of diseases, and accordingly universal research efforts have focused on exploring novel compounds with autophagy-modulating properties. While a number of synthetic autophagy modulators have been identified as promising cancer therapy candidates, autophagy-modulating phytochemicals have also attracted attention as potential treatments with minimal side effects. In this review, we firstly highlight the importance of autophagy and its relevance in the pathogenesis and treatment of cancer. Subsequently, we present the data on common phytochemicals and their mechanism of action as autophagy modulators. Finally, we discuss the challenges associated with harnessing the autophagic potential of phytochemicals for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Moosavi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O Box:14965/161, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Atousa Haghi
- Young Researchers & Elite Club, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marveh Rahmati
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hiroaki Taniguchi
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Gheorghe Marinescu 23 Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago 9170022, Chile
| | - Vijai K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, ERA Chair of Green Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Nikolay T Tzvetkov
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany; NTZ Lab Ltd., Krasno Selo 198, Sofia 1618, Bulgaria
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland; Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li L, Chen X, Gu H. The signaling involved in autophagy machinery in keratinocytes and therapeutic approaches for skin diseases. Oncotarget 2018; 7:50682-50697. [PMID: 27191982 PMCID: PMC5226613 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is responsible for the lysosomal degradation of proteins, organelles, microorganisms and exogenous particles. Epidermis primarily consists of keratinocytes which functions as an extremely important barrier. Investigation on autophagy in keratinocytes has been continuously renewing, but is not so systematic due to the complexity of the autophagy machinery. Here we reviewed recent studies on the autophagy in keratinocyte with a focus on interplay between autophagy machinery and keratinocytes biology, and novel autophagy regulators identified in keratinocytes. In this review, we discussed the roles of autophagy in apoptosis, differentiation, immune response, survival and melanin metabolism, trying to reveal the possible involvement of autophagy in skin aging, skin disorders and skin color formation. Since autophagy routinely plays a double-edged sword role in various conditions, its functions in skin homeostasis and potential application as a therapeutic target for skin diseases remains to be clarified. Furthermore, more investigations are needed on optimizing designed strategies to inhibit or enhance autophagy for clinical efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
| | - Heng Gu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yan X, Qi M, Li P, Zhan Y, Shao H. Apigenin in cancer therapy: anti-cancer effects and mechanisms of action. Cell Biosci 2017; 7:50. [PMID: 29034071 PMCID: PMC5629766 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-017-0179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigenin is a common dietary flavonoid that is abundantly present in many fruits, vegetables and Chinese medicinal herbs and serves multiple physiological functions, such as strong anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial and antiviral activities and blood pressure reduction. Therefore, apigenin has been used as a traditional medicine for centuries. Recently, apigenin has been widely investigated for its anti-cancer activities and low toxicity. Apigenin was reported to suppress various human cancers in vitro and in vivo by multiple biological effects, such as triggering cell apoptosis and autophagy, inducing cell cycle arrest, suppressing cell migration and invasion, and stimulating an immune response. In this review, we focus on the most recent advances in the anti-cancer effects of apigenin and their underlying mechanisms, and we summarize the signaling pathways modulated by apigenin, including the PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK, JAK/STAT, NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. We also discuss combinatorial strategies to enhance the anti-cancer effect of apigenin on various cancers and its use as an adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent to overcome cancer drug resistance or to alleviate other adverse effects of chemotherapy. The functions of apigenin against cancer stem cells are also summarized and discussed. These data demonstrate that apigenin is a promising reagent for cancer therapy. Apigenin appears to have the potential to be developed either as a dietary supplement or as an adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Yan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119 China
| | - Miao Qi
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119 China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119 China
| | - Yihong Zhan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119 China
| | - Huanjie Shao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119 China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Byun S, Lee E, Lee KW. Therapeutic Implications of Autophagy Inducers in Immunological Disorders, Infection, and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091959. [PMID: 28895911 PMCID: PMC5618608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential catabolic program that forms part of the stress response and enables cells to break down their own intracellular components within lysosomes for recycling. Accumulating evidence suggests that autophagy plays vital roles in determining pathological outcomes of immune responses and tumorigenesis. Autophagy regulates innate and adaptive immunity affecting the pathologies of infectious, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. In cancer, autophagy appears to play distinct roles depending on the context of the malignancy by either promoting or suppressing key determinants of cancer cell survival. This review covers recent developments in the understanding of autophagy and discusses potential therapeutic interventions that may alter the outcomes of certain diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanguine Byun
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea.
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Traditional Alcoholic Beverage Research Team, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 13539, Korea.
| | - Ki Won Lee
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16495, Korea.
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Perez-Leal O, Barrero CA, Merali S. Pharmacological stimulation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 translation activates antioxidant responses. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14108-14121. [PMID: 28684421 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.770925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the master regulator of the antioxidant response, and its function is tightly regulated at the transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels. It is well-known that Nrf2 is regulated at the protein level by proteasomal degradation via Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), but how Nrf2 is regulated at the translational level is less clear. Here, we show that pharmacological stimulation increases Nrf2 levels by overcoming basal translational repression. We developed a novel reporter assay that enabled identification of natural compounds that induce Nrf2 translation by a mechanism independent of Keap1-mediated degradation. Apigenin, resveratrol, and piceatannol all induced Nrf2 translation. More importantly, the pharmacologically induced Nrf2 overcomes Keap1 regulation, translocates to the nucleus, and activates the antioxidant response. We conclude that translational regulation controls physiological levels of Nrf2, and this can be modulated by apigenin, resveratrol, and piceatannol. Also, targeting this mechanism with novel compounds could provide new insights into prevention and treatment of multiple diseases in which oxidative stress plays a significant role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Perez-Leal
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140.
| | - Carlos Alberto Barrero
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Salim Merali
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hu S, Zhang X, Chen F, Wang M. Dietary polyphenols as photoprotective agents against UV radiation. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
|
26
|
Sung B, Chung HY, Kim ND. Role of Apigenin in Cancer Prevention via the Induction of Apoptosis and Autophagy. J Cancer Prev 2016; 21:216-226. [PMID: 28053955 PMCID: PMC5207605 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2016.21.4.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigenin (4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid commonly found in many fruits and vegetables such as parsley, chamomile, celery, and kumquats. In the last few decades, recognition of apigenin as a cancer chemopreventive agent has increased. Significant progress has been made in studying the chemopreventive aspects of apigenin both in vitro and in vivo. Several studies have demonstrated that the anticarcinogenic properties of apigenin occur through regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress and DNA damage, suppression of inflammation and angiogenesis, retardation of cell proliferation, and induction of autophagy and apoptosis. One of the most well-recognized mechanisms of apigenin is the capability to promote cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis through the p53-related pathway. A further role of apigenin in chemoprevention is the induction of autophagy in several human cancer cell lines. In this review, we discuss the details of apigenin, apoptosis, autophagy, and the role of apigenin in cancer chemoprevention via the induction of apoptosis and autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bokyung Sung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
AbstractThree areas in the brain continuously generate new neurons throughout life: the subventricular zone lining the lateral ventricles, the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus and the median eminence in the hypothalamus. These areas harbour neural stem cells, which contribute to neural repair by generating daughter cells that then become functional neurons or glia. Impaired neurogenesis leads to detrimental consequences, such as depression, decline of cognitive abilities and obesity. Adult neurogenesis is a versatile process that can be modulated either positively or negatively by many effectors, external or endogenous. Diet can modify neurogenesis both ways, either directly by ways of food-borne molecules, or possibly by the modifications induced on gut microbiota composition. It is therefore critical to define dietary strategies optimal for the maintenance of the stem cell pools.
Collapse
|
28
|
Trehalose, sucrose and raffinose are novel activators of autophagy in human keratinocytes through an mTOR-independent pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28423. [PMID: 27328819 PMCID: PMC4916512 DOI: 10.1038/srep28423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Trehalose is a natural disaccharide that is found in a diverse range of organisms but not in mammals. Autophagy is a process which mediates the sequestration, lysosomal delivery and degradation of proteins and organelles. Studies have shown that trehalose exerts beneficial effects through inducing autophagy in mammalian cells. However, whether trehalose or other saccharides can activate autophagy in keratinocytes is unknown. Here, we found that trehalose treatment increased the LC3-I to LC3-II conversion, acridine orange-stained vacuoles and GFP-LC3B (LC3B protein tagged with green fluorescent protein) puncta in the HaCaT human keratinocyte cell line, indicating autophagy induction. Trehalose-induced autophagy was also observed in primary keratinocytes and the A431 epidermal cancer cell line. mTOR signalling was not affected by trehalose treatment, suggesting that trehalose induced autophagy through an mTOR-independent pathway. mTOR-independent autophagy induction was also observed in HaCaT and HeLa cells treated with sucrose or raffinose but not in glucose, maltose or sorbitol treated HaCaT cells, indicating that autophagy induction was not a general property of saccharides. Finally, although trehalose treatment had an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation, it had a cytoprotective effect on cells exposed to UVB radiation. Our study provides new insight into the saccharide-mediated regulation of autophagy in keratinocytes.
Collapse
|
29
|
A Citrus bergamia Extract Decreases Adipogenesis and Increases Lipolysis by Modulating PPAR Levels in Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Adipose Tissue. PPAR Res 2016; 2016:4563815. [PMID: 27403151 PMCID: PMC4926019 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4563815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to assess the impact of a well-characterized extract from Citrus bergamia juice on adipogenesis and/or lipolysis using mesenchymal stem cells from human adipose tissue as a cell model. To evaluate the effects on adipogenesis, some cell cultures were treated with adipogenic medium plus 10 or 100 μg/mL of extract. To determine the properties on lipolysis, additional mesenchymal stem cells were cultured with adipogenic medium for 14 days and after this time added with Citrus bergamia for further 14 days. To verify adipogenic differentiation, oil red O staining at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days was performed. Moreover, the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), adipocytes fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), monoglyceride lipase (MGL), 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)α1/2, and pAMPKα1/2 was evaluated by Western blot analysis and the release of glycerol by colorimetric assay. Citrus bergamia extract suppressed the accumulation of intracellular lipids in mesenchymal stem cells during adipogenic differentiation and promoted lipolysis by repressing the expression of adipogenic genes and activating lipolytic genes. Citrus bergamia extract could be a useful natural product for improving adipose mobilization in obesity-related disorders.
Collapse
|
30
|
Bridgeman BB, Wang P, Ye B, Pelling JC, Volpert OV, Tong X. Inhibition of mTOR by apigenin in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes: A new implication of skin cancer prevention. Cell Signal 2016; 28:460-468. [PMID: 26876613 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is the major environmental risk factor for developing skin cancer, the most common cancer worldwide, which is characterized by aberrant activation of Akt/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin). Importantly, the link between UV irradiation and mTOR signaling has not been fully established. Apigenin is a naturally occurring flavonoid that has been shown to inhibit UV-induced skin cancer. Previously, we have demonstrated that apigenin activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which leads to suppression of basal mTOR activity in cultured keratinocytes. Here, we demonstrated that apigenin inhibited UVB-induced mTOR activation, cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in mouse skin and in mouse epidermal keratinocytes. Interestingly, UVB induced mTOR signaling via PI3K/Akt pathway, however, the inhibition of UVB-induced mTOR signaling by apigenin was not Akt-dependent. Instead, it was driven by AMPK activation. In addition, mTOR inhibition by apigenin in keratinocytes enhanced autophagy, which was responsible, at least in part, for the decreased proliferation in keratinocytes. In contrast, apigenin did not alter UVB-induced apoptosis. Taken together, our results indicate the important role of mTOR inhibition in UVB protection by apigenin, and provide a new target and strategy for better prevention of UV-induced skin cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan B Bridgeman
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Pu Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Boping Ye
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jill C Pelling
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Olga V Volpert
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Antonioli L, Colucci R, Pellegrini C, Giustarini G, Sacco D, Tirotta E, Caputi V, Marsilio I, Giron MC, Németh ZH, Blandizzi C, Fornai M. The AMPK enzyme-complex: from the regulation of cellular energy homeostasis to a possible new molecular target in the management of chronic inflammatory disorders. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 20:179-91. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1086752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
32
|
Singh P, Tomar RS, Rath SK. Anticancer potential of the histone deacetylase inhibitor-like effects of flavones, a subclass of polyphenolic compounds: a review. Mol Biol Rep 2015; 42:1515-31. [PMID: 26033434 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-015-3881-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by the uncontrolled division of cells, followed by their invasion to other tissues. These kinds of cellular abnormalities arise as a result of the accumulation of genetic mutations or epigenetic alterations. Targeting genetic mutations by drugs is a conventional treatment approach. Nowadays, the development and use of epigenetic drugs are burgeoning, owing to the advancements in epigenetic research. The therapeutic intervention of cancer development by histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) holds promise for helping to control the disease, but their nonspecific functions impose certain side effects. Therefore, the search for more HDACIs becomes essential. Plentiful literature on the versatility of dietary components including flavones, a class of the flavonoid group, has already established these compounds to be better anticancer agents. The present review focuses on the significance of flavones with regard to their HDACI-mimicking effects as suggested by the recent evidences. The review also proposes an in-depth screening of flavones in future studies, in the hope that flavones may provide a better alternative to synthetic HDACIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research Bhopal (IISER Bhopal), I.T.I. Transit Campus, Govindpura, Bhopal, 462023, M.P., India.
| | - Raghuvir Singh Tomar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research Bhopal (IISER Bhopal), I.T.I. Transit Campus, Govindpura, Bhopal, 462023, M.P., India
| | - Srikanta Kumar Rath
- Division of Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang Q, Zeng P, Liu Y, Wen G, Fu X, Sun X. Inhibition of autophagy ameliorates atherogenic inflammation by augmenting apigenin-induced macrophage apoptosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 27:24-31. [PMID: 25899084 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidences showed that the survival of macrophages promotes atherogenesis. Macrophage apoptosis in the early phase of atherosclerotic process negatively regulates the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. We demonstrated that a natural anti-oxidant apigenin could ameliorate atherogenesis in ApoE(-/-) mice. It reduced the number of foam cells and decreased the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and IL-6. Our results showed that oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) led to the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Apigenin-induced apoptosis and downregulated the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. It is further supported by the use of zVAD, a pan-caspase inhibitor, demonstrating that apigenin lowered cytokine profile through induction of macrophage apoptosis. Moreover, apigenin-induced Atg5/Atg7-dependent autophagy in macrophages pretreated with oxLDL. Results illustrated that autophagy inhibition increased apigenin-induced apoptosis through activation of Bax. The present findings suggest that oxLDL maintained the survival of macrophages and activated the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines to initiate atherosclerosis. Apigenin-induced apoptosis of lipid-laden macrophages and resolved inflammation to ameliorate atherosclerosis. In conclusion, combination of apigenin with autophagy inhibition may be a promising strategy to induce foam cell apoptosis and subdue atherogenic cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanliang Liu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge Wen
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuqiong Fu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xuegang Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Activity of the dietary flavonoid, apigenin, against multidrug-resistant tumor cells as determined by pharmacogenomics and molecular docking. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:44-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
35
|
Martin H, Burgess EJ, Smith WA, McGhie TK, Cooney JM, Lunken RCM, de Guzman E, Trower T, Perry NB. JAK2 and AMP-kinase inhibition in vitro by food extracts, fractions and purified phytochemicals. Food Funct 2015; 6:305-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00626g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A study of 49 foods shows that ellagitannin containing foods inhibit JAK2 and AMPK kinases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harry Martin
- Food Innovation
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd
- Palmerston North 4442
- New Zealand
- Nutrigenomics New Zealand is a collaboration between The University of Auckland
| | - Elaine J. Burgess
- Nutrigenomics New Zealand is a collaboration between The University of Auckland
- AgResearch Limited and Plant & Food Research
- and is funded by the Ministry of Business
- Innovation and Employment
- Brisbane
| | - Wendy A. Smith
- Nutrigenomics New Zealand is a collaboration between The University of Auckland
- AgResearch Limited and Plant & Food Research
- and is funded by the Ministry of Business
- Innovation and Employment
- Brisbane
| | - Tony K. McGhie
- Food Innovation
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd
- Palmerston North 4442
- New Zealand
| | - Janine M. Cooney
- Nutrigenomics New Zealand is a collaboration between The University of Auckland
- AgResearch Limited and Plant & Food Research
- and is funded by the Ministry of Business
- Innovation and Employment
- Brisbane
| | - Rona C. M. Lunken
- Food Innovation
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd
- Palmerston North 4442
- New Zealand
- Nutrigenomics New Zealand is a collaboration between The University of Auckland
| | - Erika de Guzman
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute
- Translational Research Institute
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Tania Trower
- Nutrigenomics New Zealand is a collaboration between The University of Auckland
- AgResearch Limited and Plant & Food Research
- and is funded by the Ministry of Business
- Innovation and Employment
- Brisbane
| | - Nigel B. Perry
- Nutrigenomics New Zealand is a collaboration between The University of Auckland
- AgResearch Limited and Plant & Food Research
- and is funded by the Ministry of Business
- Innovation and Employment
- Brisbane
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tong X, Mirzoeva S, Veliceasa D, Bridgeman BB, Fitchev P, Cornwell ML, Crawford SE, Pelling JC, Volpert OV. Chemopreventive apigenin controls UVB-induced cutaneous proliferation and angiogenesis through HuR and thrombospondin-1. Oncotarget 2014; 5:11413-27. [PMID: 25526033 PMCID: PMC4294383 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant flavonoid apigenin prevents and inhibits UVB-induced carcinogenesis in the skin and has strong anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic properties. Here we identify mechanisms, by which apigenin controls these oncogenic events. We show that apigenin acts, at least in part, via endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor, thrombospondin-1 (TSP1). TSP1 expression by the epidermal keratinocytes is potently inhibited by UVB. It inhibits cutaneous angiogenesis and UVB-induced carcinogenesis. We show that apigenin restores TSP1 in epidermal keratinocytes subjected to UVB and normalizes proliferation and angiogenesis in UVB-exposed skin. Importantly, reconstituting TSP1 anti-angiogenic function in UVB-irradiated skin with a short bioactive peptide mimetic representing exclusively its anti-angiogenic domain reproduced the anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic effects of apigenin. Cox-2 and HIF-1α are important mediators of angiogenesis. Both apigenin and TSP1 peptide mimetic attenuated their induction by UVB. Finally we identified the molecular mechanism, whereby apigenin did not affect TSP1 mRNA, but increased de novo protein synthesis. Knockdown studies implicated the RNA-binding protein HuR, which controls mRNA stability and translation. Apigenin increased HuR cytoplasmic localization and physical association with TSP1 mRNA causing de novo TSP1 synthesis. HuR cytoplasmic localization was, in turn, dependent on CHK2 kinase. Together, our data provide a new mechanism, by which apigenin controls UVB-induced carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tong
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Salida Mirzoeva
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dorina Veliceasa
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bryan B. Bridgeman
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Philip Fitchev
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mona L. Cornwell
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Susan E. Crawford
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jill C. Pelling
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Olga V. Volpert
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Shen S, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Tu X, Gong X. Ursolic acid induces autophagy in U87MG cells via ROS-dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 218:28-41. [PMID: 24802810 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors, and novel ways of treating gliomas are urgently needed. Ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid, has been reported to exhibit promising antitumor activity. Here, we evaluated the effects of UA on U87MG cells and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. The results demonstrated that both G1-phase arrest and autophagy were induced by UA in U87MG cells. Evidence of UA-induced autophagy included the formation of acidic vesicular organelles, increase of autophagolysosomes and LC3-II accumulation. UA was also found to induce ER stress and an increase in intracellular calcium accompanied by ROS production. The increase in free cytosolic calcium induced by UA activated the CaMKK-AMPK-mTOR kinase signaling cascade, which ultimately triggered autophagy. Western blot analysis showed that UA promoted the phosphorylation of PERK and eIF2α; this was followed by the upregulation of the downstream protein CHOP, implying the involvement of the ER stress-mediated PERK/eIF2α/CHOP pathway in glioma cells. Meanwhile, UA activated IRE1α and subsequently increased the levels of phosphorylated JNK and Bcl-2, resulting in the dissociation of Beclin1 from Bcl-2. Furthermore, TUDCA and the silencing of either PERK or IRE1α partially blocked the UA-induced accumulation of LC3-II, suggesting that ER stress precedes the process of autophagy. Additionally, NAC attenuated the UA-induced elevation in cytosolic calcium, ER stress markers and autophagy-related proteins, indicating that UA triggered ER stress and autophagy via a ROS-dependent pathway. Collectively, our findings revealed a novel cellular mechanism triggered by UA and provide a molecular basis for developing UA into a drug candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Shen
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Xintao Tu
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xingguo Gong
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
The adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway arose early during evolution of eukaryotic cells, when it appears to have been involved in the response to glucose starvation and perhaps also in monitoring the output of the newly acquired mitochondria. Due to the advent of hormonal regulation of glucose homeostasis, glucose starvation is a less frequent event for mammalian cells than for single-celled eukaryotes. Nevertheless, the AMPK system has been preserved in mammals where, by monitoring cellular AMP:adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP):ATP ratios and balancing the rates of catabolism and ATP consumption, it maintains energy homeostasis at a cell-autonomous level. In addition, hormones involved in maintaining energy balance at the whole-body level interact with AMPK in the hypothalamus. AMPK is activated by two widely used clinical drugs, metformin and aspirin, and also by many natural products of plants that are either derived from traditional medicines or are promoted as "nutraceuticals."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Grahame Hardie
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, United Kingdom;
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chikh A, Sanzà P, Raimondi C, Akinduro O, Warnes G, Chiorino G, Byrne C, Harwood CA, Bergamaschi D. iASPP is a novel autophagy inhibitor in keratinocytes. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:3079-93. [PMID: 24777476 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.144816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein iASPP (encoded by PPP1R13L) is an evolutionarily conserved p53 inhibitor, the expression of which is often upregulated in human cancers. We have recently shown that iASPP is a crucial regulator of epidermal homeostasis. Here, we report that iASPP also acts as autophagy inhibitor in keratinocytes. Our data show that depletion of iASPP protects keratinocytes from apoptosis by modulating the expression of Noxa (also known as PMAIP1). In our model, iASPP expression can affect the fission-fusion cycle, mass and shape of mitochondria. iASPP-silenced keratinocytes display disorganization of cytosolic compartments and increased metabolic stress caused by deregulation of mTORC1 signaling. Moreover, increased levels of lipidated LC3 protein confirmed the activation of autophagy in iASPP-depleted cells. We have identified a novel mechanism modulating autophagy in keratinocytes that relies upon iASPP expression specifically reducing the interaction of Atg5-Atg12 with Atg16L1, an interaction that is essential for autophagosome formation or maturation. Using organotypic culture, we further explored the link between autophagy and differentiation, and we showed that impairing autophagy affects epidermal terminal differentiation. Our data provide an alternative mechanism to explain how epithelial integrity is maintained against environmental stressors and might also improve the understanding of the etiology of skin diseases that are characterized by defects in differentiation and DNA damage responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Chikh
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Paolo Sanzà
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Claudio Raimondi
- Centre for Diabetes, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Olufolake Akinduro
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Gary Warnes
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Cancer Genomic Laboratory, Edo ed Elvo Tempia Foundation, 13900 Biella, Italy
| | - Carolyn Byrne
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Catherine A Harwood
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Daniele Bergamaschi
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bao YY, Zhou SH, Fan J, Wang QY. Anticancer mechanism of apigenin and the implications of GLUT-1 expression in head and neck cancers. Future Oncol 2014; 9:1353-64. [PMID: 23980682 DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigenin, a natural phytoestrogen flavonoid, has potential biological effects, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. The mechanisms of anticancer activities of apigenin are unknown. Some studies have found that apigenin inhibits GLUT-1 mRNA and protein expression in cancer cells. Thus, we hypothesized that apigenin exerts similar effects on head and neck cancers through its inhibition of GLUT-1 expression. In this article, we review the anticancer mechanism of apigenin and the implications of GLUT-1 expression in head and neck cancers. In addition, we describe the current state of knowledge about the relationship between apigenin and GLUT-1 expression in head and neck cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Bao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kim I, He YY. Targeting the AMP-Activated Protein Kinase for Cancer Prevention and Therapy. Front Oncol 2013; 3:175. [PMID: 23875169 PMCID: PMC3711071 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the advances in biomedical research and clinical applications, cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Given the limitations of conventional chemotherapeutics, including serious toxicities and reduced quality of life for patients, the development of safe and efficacious alternatives with known mechanism of action is much needed. Prevention of cancer through dietary intervention may hold promise and has been investigated extensively in the recent years. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an energy sensor that plays a key role in the regulation of protein and lipid metabolism in response to changes in fuel availability. When activated, AMPK promotes energy-producing catabolic pathways while inhibiting anabolic pathways, such as cell growth and proliferation – thereby antagonizing carcinogenesis. Other anti-cancer effects of AMPK may include promoting autophagy and DNA repair upon UVB damage. In the last decade, interest in AMPK has grown extensively as it emerged as an attractive target molecule for cancer prevention and treatment. Among the latest developments is the activation of AMPK by naturally occurring dietary constituents and plant products – termed phytochemicals. Owing to their efficacy and safety, phytochemicals are considered as an alternative to the conventional harmful chemotherapy. The rising popularity of using phytochemicals for cancer prevention and therapy is supported by a substantial progress in identifying the molecular pathways involved, including AMPK. In this article, we review the recent progress in this budding field that suggests AMPK as a new molecular target in the prevention and treatment of cancer by phytochemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inyoung Kim
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL , USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ma Y, Yang F, Wang Y, Du Z, Liu D, Guo H, Shen J, Peng H. CaMKKβ is involved in AMP-activated protein kinase activation by baicalin in LKB1 deficient cell lines. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47900. [PMID: 23110126 PMCID: PMC3478266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays an important role in mediating energy metabolism and is controlled mainly by two upstream kinases, LKB1 or Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-β (CaMKKβ). Previously, we found that baicalin, one of the major flavonoids in a traditional Chinese herb medicine, Scutellaria baicalensis, protects against the development of hepatic steatosis in rats feeding with a high-fat diet by the activation of AMPK, but, the underlying mechanism for AMPK activation is unknown. Here we show that in two LKB1-deficient cells, HeLa and A549 cells, baicalin activates AMPK by α Thr-172 phosphorylation and subsequent phosphorylation of its downstream target, acetyl CoA carboxylase, at Ser-79, to a similar degree as does in HepG2 cells (that express LKB1). Pharmacologic inhibition of CaMKKβ by its selective inhibitor STO-609 markedly inhibits baicalin-induced AMPK activation in both HeLa and HepG2 cells, indicating that CaMKKβ is the responsible AMPK kinase. We also show that treatment of baicalin causes a larger increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), although the maximal level of [Ca2+]i is lower in HepG2 cells compared to HeLa cells. Chelation of intracellular free Ca2+ by EDTA and EGTA, or depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores by the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin abrogates baicalin-induced activation of AMPK in HeLa cells. Neither cellular ATP nor the production of reactive oxygen species is altered by baicalin. Finally, in HeLa cells, baicalin treatment no longer decreases intracellular lipid accumulation caused by oleic acid after inhibition of CaMKKβ by STO-609. These results demonstrate that a potential Ca2+/CaMKKβ dependent pathway is involved in the activation of AMPK by baicalin and suggest that CaMKKβ likely acts as an upstream kinase of AMPK in response to baicalin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Fuzhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhiyan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Daihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hongxia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jingkang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hongli Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Yang Y, Wang H, Wang S, Xu M, Liu M, Liao M, Frank JA, Adhikari S, Bower KA, Shi X, Ma C, Luo J. GSK3β signaling is involved in ultraviolet B-induced activation of autophagy in epidermal cells. Int J Oncol 2012; 41:1782-8. [PMID: 22961228 PMCID: PMC3583618 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure causes damage to skin and represents the primary etiological agent for skin cancer formation. UVB induces DNA damage and apoptosis in epidermal cells. In this study, we demonstrated that UVB activated autophagy in JB6 epidermal cells, which was evident by the formation of LC3 puncta, the induction of LC3 lipidation, the increase in beclin 1 expression, and the decrease in the levels of p62. Autophagy appeared to be a protective response to UVB-induced damage because inhibition of autophagy exacerbated UVB-induced cell death, and stimulation of autophagy offered protection. Furthermore, we demonstrated that glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) was involved in UVB-induced autophagy. UVB inhibited GSK3β activation by simultaneously enhancing phosphorylation at Ser9 and suppressing Tyr216 phosphorylation. GSK3β negatively regulated autophagy; overexpression of wild-type or S9A (constitutive-active) GSK3β mutant inhibited UVB-mediated autophagy, while overexpression of a dominant-negative K85R mutant enhanced UVB-mediated autophagy. Inhibition of GSK3β also offered protection against UVB-mediated damage. UVB activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an important regulator of autophagy through the inhibition of GSK3β. Taken together, our results suggest that UVB-stimulated autophagy is a protective response for epidermal cells and is mediated by the GSK3β/AMPK pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Cai Z, Yan LJ, Li K, Quazi SH, Zhao B. Roles of AMP-activated protein kinase in Alzheimer's disease. Neuromolecular Med 2012; 14:1-14. [PMID: 22367557 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-012-8173-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a master regulator of cellular energy homeostasis and a central player in glucose and lipid metabolism, is potentially implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). AMPK activity decreases in AD brain, indicating decreased mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Emerging evidence demonstrates that AMPK activation is a potential target for improving perturbed brain energy metabolism that is involved in the pathogenesis of AD. The roles of AMPK in the pathogenesis of AD include β-amyloid protein (Aβ) generation and tau phosphorylation. In particular, AMPK may regulate Aβ generation through modulating neuronal cholesterol and sphingomyelin levels and through regulating APP distribution in the lipid rafts. AMPK is activated by phosphorylation of Thr-172 by LKB1 complex in response to increase in the AMP/ATP ratio and by calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-beta in response to elevated Ca(2+) levels, which contributes to regulating Aβ generation. AMPK is a physiological tau kinase and can increase the phosphorylation of tau at Ser-262. AMPK can also directly phosphorylate tau at Thr-231 and Ser-396/404. Furthermore, AMPK activation decreases mTOR signaling activity to facilitate autophagy and promotes lysosomal degradation of Aβ. However, AMPK activation has non-neuroprotective property and may lead to detrimental outcomes, including Aβ generation and tau phosphorylation. Therefore, it is still unclear whether AMPK could serve a potential therapeutic target for AD, and hence, further studies will be needed to clarify the role of AMPK in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyou Cai
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, District of Xiashan, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ono M, Fujimori K. Antiadipogenic effect of dietary apigenin through activation of AMPK in 3T3-L1 cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:13346-13352. [PMID: 22098587 DOI: 10.1021/jf203490a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Adipocyte differentiation (adipogenesis) is a complex process including the coordinated changes in hormone sensitivity and gene expression in response to various stimuli. Natural compounds are known to be involved in the regulation of this process. Here we investigated the effects of dietary apigenin, a plant flavonoid, on adipogenesis. Apigenin suppressed adipocyte differentiation of mouse adipocytic 3T3-L1 cells and reduced the accumulation of intracellular lipids. Quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses revealed that apigenin decreased the levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and its target genes such as fatty acid binding protein 4 (aP2) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase. Apigenin decreased or had no effect on the expression of lipolytic genes such as adipose triglyceride lipase, hormone sensitive lipase, and monoacyl glyceride lipase, thereby reducing glycerol release from adipocytes. Noteworthily, apigenin activated 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in an apigenin dose-dependent manner, which activation is known to suppress adipogenesis. These results provide a novel insight into the molecular mechanism involved in the action of apigenin: the apigenin-induced activation of AMPK leads to decreased expression of adipogenic and lipolytic genes, thus suppressing adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Thus, dietary apigenin may contribute to lower body-fat content and body-weight gain through the activation of AMPK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mafuyu Ono
- Laboratory of Biodefense and Regulation, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|