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Zhou R, Liu R, Kang KB, Kim W, Hur JS, Kim H. The Depside Derivative Pericodepside Inhibits Cancer Cell Metastasis and Proliferation by Suppressing Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:6828-6836. [PMID: 38371795 PMCID: PMC10870356 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
A depside derivative, named pericodepside (2), along with the known depside proatranorin III (1), was isolated from the solid cultivation of an Ascochyta rabiei strain that heterologously expresses atr1 and atr2 that are involved in the biosynthesis of atranorin in a fruticose lichen, Stereocaulon alpinum. The structure of 2 was determined by 1D and 2D NMR and MS spectroscopic data. The structure of 2 consisted of a depside-pericosine conjugate, with the depside moiety being identical to that found in 1, suggesting that 1 acted as an intermediate during the formation of 2 through the esterification process. Pericodepside (2) strongly suppressed cell invasion and proliferation by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the transcriptional activities of β-catenin, STAT, and NF-κB in U87 (glioma cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer), and PC3 (prostate cancer) cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhou
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Rundong Liu
- Korean
Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National
University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo Bin Kang
- Research
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonyong Kim
- Korean
Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National
University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seoun Hur
- Korean
Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National
University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangun Kim
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea
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2
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Ding G, Yu H, Jin J, Qiao X, Ma J, Zhang T, Cheng X. Reciprocal relationship between cancer stem cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells: implications for tumor progression and therapeutic strategies. Future Oncol 2024; 20:215-228. [PMID: 38390682 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2023-0907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been an increased focus on cancer stem cells (CSCs) due to their resilience, making them difficult to eradicate. This resilience often leads to tumor recurrence and metastasis. CSCs adeptly manipulate their surroundings to create an environment conducive to their survival. In this environment, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a crucial role in promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and bolstering CSCs' stemness. In response, CSCs attract MDSCs, enhancing their infiltration, expansion and immunosuppressive capabilities. This interaction between CSCs and MDSCs increases the difficulty of antitumor therapy. In this paper, we discuss the interplay between CSCs and MDSCs based on current research and highlight recent therapeutic strategies targeting either CSCs or MDSCs that show promise in achieving effective antitumor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqing Ding
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Yue-yang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Yue-yang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Jason Jin
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Yue-yang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Xi Qiao
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Yue-yang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Jinyun Ma
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Yue-yang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Yue-yang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Yue-yang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
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Guefack MGF, Talukdar D, Mukherjee R, Guha S, Mitra D, Saha D, Das G, Damen F, Kuete V, Murmu N. Hypericum roeperianum bark extract suppresses breast cancer proliferation via induction of apoptosis, downregulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling cascade and reversal of EMT. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117093. [PMID: 37634746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hypericum roeperianum is a medicinal spice traditionally used in West Africa to treat female sterility, fungal infections, and cancer. It has previously been reported that H. roeperianum exhibits cytotoxic potential by reducing the viability of cancer cells involving multidrug-resistant phenotypes, but its underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY The mechanistic involvement of H. roeperianum methanolic crude extract (HRC) in attenuating breast cancer progression by exploring the effects on mitochondrial apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, we examined the anticancer properties of HRC through MTT assay, colony formation, wound healing assay, spheroid formation, DNA fragmentation and flow cytometry for cell cycle arrest, apoptosis (Annexin V/PI staining) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) (JC-1) detection. In addition, western blot analysis of various proteins and quantitative real time PCR of various genes involved in apoptosis, EMT and the PI3K/Akt/mToR signal transduction pathway were performed. RESULTS This study revealed that HRC treatment significantly decreased breast cancer cell viability, colony forming efficiency and reduced the ability of cell migration and spheroid formation. HRC also induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 via promoting G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and induction of DNA damage. The crude extract induced apoptosis by activating the intrinsic pathway with a stronger effect that relies on the combined potency of associated molecular markers including Bax, Bad, Bcl-2, cytochrome C, caspase-9, and cleaved-PARP. It was also found that HRC regulates the PI3K/Akt/mToR pathway. In addition, HRC inhibited EMT by expressional alteration of Vimentin and E-cadherin, as well as the regulatory transcription factors such as Snail and Slug. The in vitro findings reflected similar mechanistic approach in 4T1 cell induced syngeneic mice model, indicating the reduction of tumor volume along with the significant expressional alteration of EMT and apoptotic markers. CONCLUSION Taken together the findings concluded that H. roeperianum is a potential source of cytotoxic phytochemicals that exhibit abortifacient effect on breast cancer, both in vitro and in vivo, thus could further be utilized in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel-Gael F Guefack
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), Kolkata, 700026, India; Department of Biochemistry, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Debojit Talukdar
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), Kolkata, 700026, India.
| | - Rimi Mukherjee
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), Kolkata, 700026, India.
| | - Subhabrata Guha
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), Kolkata, 700026, India.
| | - Debarpan Mitra
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), Kolkata, 700026, India.
| | - Depanwita Saha
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), Kolkata, 700026, India.
| | - Gaurav Das
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), Kolkata, 700026, India.
| | - François Damen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Nabendu Murmu
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), Kolkata, 700026, India.
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Pierfelice TV, D'Amico E, Petrini M, Romano M, D'Arcangelo C, Sbordone L, Barone A, Plebani R, Iezzi G. A Systematic Review on Organ-on-a-Chip in PDMS or Hydrogel in Dentistry: An Update of the Literature. Gels 2024; 10:102. [PMID: 38391432 PMCID: PMC10887950 DOI: 10.3390/gels10020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Organs-on-a-chip (OoCs) are microfluidic devices constituted by PDMS or hydrogel in which different layers of cells are separated by a semipermeable membrane. This technology can set many parameters, like fluid shear stress, chemical concentration gradient, tissue-organ interface, and cell interaction. The use of these devices in medical research permits the investigation of cell patterning, tissue-material interface, and organ-organ interaction, mimicking the complex structures and microenvironment of human and animal bodies. This technology allows us to reconstitute in vitro complex conditions that recapitulate in vivo environments. One of the main advantages of these systems is that they represent a very realistic model that, in many cases, can replace animal experimentation, eliminating costs and related ethical issues. Organ-on-a-chip can also contain bacteria or cancer cells. This technology could be beneficial in dentistry for testing novel antibacterial substances and biomaterials, performing studies on inflammatory disease, or planning preclinical studies. A significant number of publications and reviews have been published on this topic. Still, to our knowledge, they mainly focus on the materials used for fabrication and the different patterns of the chip applied to the experimentations. This review presents the most recent applications of organ-on-a-chip models in dentistry, starting from the reconstituted dental tissues to their clinical applications and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Vanessa Pierfelice
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Emira D'Amico
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Morena Petrini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mario Romano
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Camillo D'Arcangelo
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ludovico Sbordone
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Antonio Barone
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathologies and of the Critical Needs, School of Dentistry, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Complex Unit of Stomatology and Oral Surgery, University Hospital of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Plebani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovanna Iezzi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Chen Q, Jia G, Zhang X, Ma W. Targeting HER3 to overcome EGFR TKI resistance in NSCLC. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1332057. [PMID: 38239350 PMCID: PMC10794487 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1332057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play a crucial role in cellular signaling and oncogenic progression. Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKIs) have become the standard treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR-sensitizing mutations, but resistance frequently emerges between 10 to 14 months. A significant factor in this resistance is the role of human EGFR 3 (HER3), an EGFR family member. Despite its significance, effective targeting of HER3 is still developing. This review aims to bridge this gap by deeply examining HER3's pivotal contribution to EGFR TKI resistance and spotlighting emerging HER3-centered therapeutic avenues, including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), TKIs, and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Preliminary results indicate combining HER3-specific treatments with EGFR TKIs enhances antitumor effects, leading to an increased objective response rate (ORR) and prolonged overall survival (OS) in resistant cases. Embracing HER3-targeting therapies represents a transformative approach against EGFR TKI resistance and emphasizes the importance of further research to optimize patient stratification and understand resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xilin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenxue Ma
- Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, and Sanford Stem Cell Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Liu M, Hu W, Meng X, Wang B. TEAD4: A key regulator of tumor metastasis and chemoresistance - Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189050. [PMID: 38072284 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is a complex process influenced by various factors, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), tumor cell proliferation, tumor microenvironment, and cellular metabolic status, which remains a significant challenge in clinical oncology, accounting for a majority of cancer-related deaths. TEAD4, a key mediator of the Hippo signaling pathway, has been implicated in regulating these factors that are all critical in the metastatic cascade. TEAD4 drives tumor metastasis and chemoresistance, and its upregulation is associated with poor prognosis in many types of cancers, making it an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. TEAD4 promotes EMT by interacting with coactivators and activating the transcription of genes involved in mesenchymal cell characteristics and extracellular matrix remodeling. Additionally, TEAD4 enhances the stemness of cancer stem cells (CSCs) by regulating the expression of genes associated with CSC maintenance. TEAD4 contributes to metastasis by modulating the secretion of paracrine factors and promoting heterotypic cellular communication. In this paper, we highlight the central role of TEAD4 in cancer metastasis and chemoresistance and its impact on various aspects of tumor biology. Understanding the mechanistic basis of TEAD4-mediated processes can facilitate the development of targeted therapies and combination approaches to combat cancer metastasis and improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Weina Hu
- Department of General Practice, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Xiaona Meng
- Teaching Center for Basic Medical Experiment of China Medical University, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Biao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
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Zeng C, Li H, Liang W, Chen J, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Xiao H, Li Y, Guan H. Loss of STARD13 contributes to aggressive phenotype transformation and poor prognosis in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Endocrine 2024; 83:127-141. [PMID: 37541962 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03468-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE StAR Related Lipid Transfer Domain Containing 13 (STARD13) serves as a tumor suppressor and has been characterized in several types of malignancies. However, the role and the molecular mechanism of STARD13 in regulating the progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remain underexplored. METHODS The gene expression and clinical information of thyroid cancer were downloaded using "TCGAbiolinks" R package. Quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical staining were conducted to detect the expression of STARD13 in clinical tumor and adjacent non-tumor samples. Wound-healing assay, Transwell assay and 3D spheroid invasion assay were performed to evaluate the migratory and invasive capacities of PTC cells. Cell proliferation ability was determined by CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assay. The alterations of indicated proteins were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS In the present study, we found that STARD13 was significantly underexpressed in PTC, which was correlated with poor prognosis. Downregulation of STARD13 might be due to methylation of promoter region. Loss-and gain-of-function experiments demonstrated that STARD13 impeded migratory and invasive capacities of PTC cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we found that STARD13 regulated the morphology of PTC cells and inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that STARD13 acts as a metastasis suppressor and might be a potential therapeutic target in PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuimian Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Liang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junxin Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanrong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haipeng Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hongyu Guan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Zhan Q, Liu B, Situ X, Luo Y, Fu T, Wang Y, Xie Z, Ren L, Zhu Y, He W, Ke Z. New insights into the correlations between circulating tumor cells and target organ metastasis. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:465. [PMID: 38129401 PMCID: PMC10739776 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01725-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ-specific metastasis is the primary cause of cancer patient death. The distant metastasis of tumor cells to specific organs depends on both the intrinsic characteristics of the tumor cells and extrinsic factors in their microenvironment. During an intermediate stage of metastasis, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are released into the bloodstream from primary and metastatic tumors. CTCs harboring aggressive or metastatic features can extravasate to remote sites for continuous colonizing growth, leading to further lesions. In the past decade, numerous studies demonstrated that CTCs exhibited huge clinical value including predicting distant metastasis, assessing prognosis and monitoring treatment response et al. Furthermore, increasingly numerous experiments are dedicated to identifying the key molecules on or inside CTCs and exploring how they mediate CTC-related organ-specific metastasis. Based on the above molecules, more and more inhibitors are being developed to target CTCs and being utilized to completely clean CTCs, which should provide promising prospects to administer advanced tumor. Recently, the application of various nanomaterials and microfluidic technologies in CTCs enrichment technology has assisted to improve our deep insights into the phenotypic characteristics and biological functions of CTCs as a potential therapy target, which may pave the way for us to make practical clinical strategies. In the present review, we mainly focus on the role of CTCs being involved in targeted organ metastasis, especially the latest molecular mechanism research and clinical intervention strategies related to CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinru Zhan
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510000, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Bixia Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510000, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Situ
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510000, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Luo
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510000, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Tongze Fu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510000, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510000, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yanxia Wang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510000, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zhongpeng Xie
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510000, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Ren
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510000, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510000, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Weiling He
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- School of Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, 361000, Xiamen, Fujian, P.R. China.
| | - Zunfu Ke
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510000, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510000, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.
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Chen L, Zhu S, Liu T, Zhao X, Xiang T, Hu X, Wu C, Lin D. Aberrant epithelial cell interaction promotes esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma development and progression. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:453. [PMID: 38097539 PMCID: PMC10721848 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01710-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and proliferation play important roles in epithelial cancer formation and progression, but what molecules and how they trigger EMT is largely unknown. Here we performed spatial transcriptomic and functional analyses on samples of multistage esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) from mice and humans to decipher these critical issues. By investigating spatiotemporal gene expression patterns and cell-cell interactions, we demonstrated that the aberrant epithelial cell interaction via EFNB1-EPHB4 triggers EMT and cell cycle mediated by downstream SRC/ERK/AKT signaling. The aberrant epithelial cell interaction occurs within the basal layer at early precancerous lesions, which expands to the whole epithelial layer and strengthens along the cancer development and progression. Functional analysis revealed that the aberrant EFNB1-EPHB4 interaction is caused by overexpressed ΔNP63 due to TP53 mutation, the culprit in human ESCC tumorigenesis. Our results shed new light on the role of TP53-TP63/ΔNP63-EFNB1-EPHB4 axis in EMT and cell proliferation in epithelial cancer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Chen
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shihao Zhu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Tianyuan Liu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Tao Xiang
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Genomic Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- CAMS Oxford Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100006, China.
| | - Dongxin Lin
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Genomic Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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Manousakis E, Miralles CM, Esquerda MG, Wright RHG. CDKN1A/p21 in Breast Cancer: Part of the Problem, or Part of the Solution? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17488. [PMID: 38139316 PMCID: PMC10743848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (Cip1/Waf1/CDKN1A/p21) is a well-established protein, primarily recognised for its pivotal role in the cell cycle, where it induces cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Over the years, extensive research has shed light on various additional mechanisms involving CDKN1A/p21, implicating it in processes such as apoptosis, DNA damage response (DDR), and the regulation of stem cell fate. Interestingly, p21 can function either as an oncogene or as a tumour suppressor in these contexts. Complicating matters further, the expression of CDKN1A/p21 is elevated in certain tumour types while downregulated in others. In this comprehensive review, we provide an overview of the multifaceted functions of CDKN1A/p21, present clinical data pertaining to cancer patients, and delve into potential strategies for targeting CDKN1A/p21 as a therapeutic approach to cancer. Manipulating CDKN1A/p21 shows great promise for therapy given its involvement in multiple cancer hallmarks, such as sustained cell proliferation, the renewal of cancer stem cells (CSCs), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell migration, and resistance to chemotherapy. Given the dual role of CDKN1A/p21 in these processes, a more in-depth understanding of its specific mechanisms of action and its regulatory network is imperative to establishing successful therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roni H. G. Wright
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Nurmagambetova A, Mustyatsa V, Saidova A, Vorobjev I. Morphological and cytoskeleton changes in cells after EMT. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22164. [PMID: 38092761 PMCID: PMC10719275 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48279-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells undergoing EMT experience significant alterations at transcriptional and morphological levels. However, changes in the cytoskeleton, especially cytoskeleton dynamics are poorly described. Addressing the question we induced EMT in three cell lines (MCF-7, HaCaT and A-549) and analyzed morphological and cytoskeletal changes there using immunostaining and life cell imaging of cells transfected with microtubule and focal adhesion markers. In all studied cell lines, cell area after EMT increased, MCF-7 and A-549 cells became elongated, while HaCaT cells kept the aspect ratio the same. We next analyzed three components of the cytoskeleton: microtubules, stress fibers and focal adhesions. The following changes were observed after EMT in cultured cells: (i) Organization of microtubules becomes more radial; and the growth rate of microtubule plus ends was accelerated; (ii) Actin stress fibers become co-aligned forming the longitudinal cell axis; and (iii) Focal adhesions had decreased area in all cancer cell lines studied and became more numerous in HaCaT cells. We conclude that among dynamic components of the cytoskeleton, the most significant changes during EMT happen in the regulation of microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assel Nurmagambetova
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, 53, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan.
- School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, 53, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Vadim Mustyatsa
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, 53, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Aleena Saidova
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, 53, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Ivan Vorobjev
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, 53, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan.
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, 53, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan.
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12
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Lv Y, Xie X, Zou G, Kong M, Yang J, Chen J, Xiang B. SOCS2 inhibits hepatoblastoma metastasis via downregulation of the JAK2/STAT5 signal pathway. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21814. [PMID: 38071211 PMCID: PMC10710468 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48591-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis of hepatoblastoma (HB) is a key factor that impairs the prognosis and treatment of children. The suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) is a classical negative feedback protein that regulates cytokine signal transduction and has been known to be downregulated in several tumor, but the molecular mechanisms of its involvement in HB metastasis are unknown. We found that SOCS2 was a gene down-regulated in hepatoblastoma and associated with HB metastasis through bioinformatics. The qRT-PCR, Western blot and IHC showed that SOCS2 was significantly lower in HB tissues. Clinicopathological correlation analysis revealed that low expression of SOCS2 was significantly correlated with tumor metastasis (P = 0.046) and vascular invasion (P = 0.028), associated with poor prognosis. Overexpression of SOCS2 inhibited the migration and invasion of hepatoblastoma cells, while knockdown of SOCS2 expression promoted these malignant phenotypes. In vivo studies revealed overexpression of SOCS2 inhibited the formation of lung metastasis. Up-regulation of SOCS2 in HB cell inhibited EMT and JAK2/STAT5. Conversely, down-regulation of SOCS2 promoted EMT and JAK2/STAT5. The addition of the JAK2 inhibitor Fedratinib partially reversed the effects of si-SOCS2 on HB cells. SOCS2 may inhibit the migration and invasion of HB cells by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT5 signaling pathway. These results may provide guiding significance for the clinical treatment of HB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Lv
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Laboratory of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaolong Xie
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Laboratory of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guoyou Zou
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Tibet, 850000, China
| | - Meng Kong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Jiayin Yang
- Liver Transplantation Center, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Laboratory of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Laboratory of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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13
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Wang P, Yang B, Huang H, Liang P, Long B, Chen L, Yang L, Tang L, Huang L, Liang H. HIV gp120/Tat protein-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition promotes the progression of cervical lesions. AIDS Res Ther 2023; 20:82. [PMID: 37981694 PMCID: PMC10657494 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-023-00577-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with an elevated incidence of cervical cancer, and accelerated disease progression, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between HIV infection and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cervical cancer. METHODS Tissue samples from HIV-positive and negative patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer were analyzed for EMT-related proteins. Human cervical cancer SiHa cells were treated with HIV Tat and gp120 proteins to test their effects on EMT, migration, and invasion. RESULTS HIV-positive patients had lower E-cadherin and cytokeratin, and higher N-cadherin and vimentin levels than HIV-negative patients. HIV Tat and gp120 proteins induced EMT, migration, and invasion in SiHa cells. Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that, compared to the control group, the protein-treated group showed upregulation of 22 genes and downregulation of 77 genes. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses revealed the involvement of the Wnt signaling pathway in EMT. Further analysis of gene expression related to this pathway revealed upregulation of DVL1, TCF7, KRT17, and VMAC, while GSK3β, SFRP2, and CDH1 were downregulated. Immunofluorescence assay demonstrated that HIVgp120 and Tat proteins treatment induced elevated β-catenin expression with nuclear accumulation in SiHa cells. CONCLUSIONS The treatment of SiHa cells with HIV Tat and gp120 proteins induces EMT and activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, suggesting that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway may play a crucial role in promoting EMT progression in cervical lesion tissues of HIV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Gynecology, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Baojun Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Huang Huang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Peiyi Liang
- Department of Gynecology, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Bin Long
- Department of Gynecology, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Lijie Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Lianhua Tang
- Department of Gynecology, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Liping Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Huichao Liang
- Department of Gynecology, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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14
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Zefferino R, Conese M. A Vaccine against Cancer: Can There Be a Possible Strategy to Face the Challenge? Possible Targets and Paradoxical Effects. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1701. [PMID: 38006033 PMCID: PMC10674257 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Is it possible to have an available vaccine that eradicates cancer? Starting from this question, this article tries to verify the state of the art, proposing a different approach to the issue. The variety of cancers and different and often unknown causes of cancer impede, except in some cited cases, the creation of a classical vaccine directed at the causative agent. The efforts of the scientific community are oriented toward stimulating the immune systems of patients, thereby preventing immune evasion, and heightening chemotherapeutic agents effects against cancer. However, the results are not decisive, because without any warning signs, metastasis often occurs. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate on a vaccine that must be administered to a patient in order to prevent metastasis; metastasis is an event that leads to death, and thus, preventing it could transform cancer into a chronic disease. We underline the fact that the field has not been studied in depth, and that the complexity of metastatic processes should not be underestimated. Then, with the aim of identifying the target of a cancer vaccine, we draw attention to the presence of the paradoxical actions of different mechanisms, pathways, molecules, and immune and non-immune cells characteristic of the tumor microenvironment at the primary site and pre-metastatic niche in order to exclude possible vaccine candidates that have opposite effects/behaviors; after a meticulous evaluation, we propose possible targets to develop a metastasis-targeting vaccine. We conclude that a change in the current concept of a cancer vaccine is needed, and the efforts of the scientific community should be redirected toward a metastasis-targeting vaccine, with the increasing hope of eradicating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Zefferino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
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15
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Hamza A, Cho JY, Cap KC, Hossain AJ, Kim JG, Park JB. Extracellular pyruvate kinase M2 induces cell migration through p-Tyr42 RhoA-mediated superoxide generation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:614-629. [PMID: 37722568 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment (TME), communication between cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) through secreted extracellular proteins promotes cancer progression. Here, we observed that co-culturing cancer cells (4T1) and macrophage cells (Raw264.7) significantly enhanced superoxide production in both cell types. Using MALDI-TOF, we identified PKM2 as a highly secreted protein by Raw264.7 cells and bone marrow-derived monocytes. The extracellular recombinant PKM2 protein not only enhanced cancer cell migration and invasion but also increased superoxide production. Additionally, PKM2 was found to associate with the cell surface, and its binding to integrin α5/β1 receptor was inhibited by antibodies specifically targeting it. Furthermore, we investigated downstream signaling pathways involved in PKM2-induced superoxide production. We found that knock-down of RhoA and p47phox using siRNAs effectively abolished superoxide generation in response to extracellular PKM2. Notably, extracellular PKM2 triggered the phosphorylation of p47phox at Ser345 residue and RhoA at Tyr42 residue (p-Tyr42 RhoA). Moreover, extracellular PKM2 exerted regulatory control over the expression of key epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, including ZEB1, Snail1, vimentin, and E-cadherin. Interestingly, p-Tyr42 RhoA translocated to the nucleus, where it bound to the ZEB1 promoter region. In light of these findings, we propose that extracellular PKM2 within the TME plays a critical role in tumorigenesis by promoting cancer cell migration and invasion through RhoA/p47phox signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hamza
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yoon Cho
- Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Kim Cuong Cap
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea; Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Abu Jubayer Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea; Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea; Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Bong Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea; Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Ning J, Luo Y, Chen L, Xiao G, Tanzhu G, Zhou R. CircRNAs and lung cancer: Insight into their roles in metastasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115260. [PMID: 37633056 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. A major contributing factor to the poor survival rates in lung cancer is the high prevalence of metastasis at the time of diagnosis. To address this critical issue, it is imperative to investigate the mechanisms underlying lung cancer metastasis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a distinct type of ribonucleic acid characterized by their unique circular structure, have been implicated in the progression of various diseases. Recent studies have highlighted the close association between circRNAs and the occurrence and development of lung cancer, particularly in relation to metastasis. In this review, we provide a concise overview of the expression patterns and prognostic significance of circRNAs in lung cancer. Additionally, we summarized the current understanding of the clinical relevance of circRNAs in lung cancer metastasis. Furthermore, we systematically focused on the roles of circRNAs in each step of lung cancer metastasis, reflecting the sequential progression of this process. Notably, circRNAs exhibit dual functionality in lung cancer metastasis, acting both as facilitators and inhibitors of metastatic processes. Given their potential, circRNAs hold promise as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for lung cancer metastasis, warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyang Ning
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Center of Coronary Circulation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Liu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Gang Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Guilong Tanzhu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China.
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17
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Abdel-Sattar OE, Allam RM, Al-Abd AM, El-Halawany AM, EL-Desoky AM, Mohamed SO, Sweilam SH, Khalid M, Abdel-Sattar E, Meselhy MR. Hypophyllanthin and Phyllanthin from Phyllanthus niruri Synergize Doxorubicin Anticancer Properties against Resistant Breast Cancer Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:28563-28576. [PMID: 37576627 PMCID: PMC10413485 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a cornerstone chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of several malignancies such as breast cancer; however, its activity is ameliorated by the development of a resistant phenotype. Phyllanthus species have been studied previously for their potential anticancer properties. The current work is aimed to study the potential cytotoxicity and chemomodulatory effects of hypophyllanthin (PN4) and phyllanthin (PN5) isolated from Phyllanthus niruri to DOX against the adriamycin multidrug-resistant breast cancer cells (MCF-7ADR) and elucidate their mechanism of action. The major compounds of the active methylene chloride fraction were isolated and assessed for their potential cytotoxicity and chemomodulatory effects on DOX against naïve (MCF-7) and resistant breast (MCF-7ADR) cancer cells. The mechanism of action of both compounds in terms of their impacts on programmed/non-programmed cell death (apoptosis and autophagy/necrosis), cell cycle progression/arrest, and tumor cell migration/invasion was investigated. Both compounds PN4 and PN5 showed a moderate but similar potency against MCF-7 as well as MCF-7ADR and significantly synergized DOX-induced anticancer properties against MCF-7ADR. The chemomodulatory effect of both compounds to DOX was found to be via potentiating DOX-induced cell cycle interference and apoptosis induction. It was found that PN4 and PN5 blocked the apoptosis-escape autophagy pathway in MCF-7ADR. On the molecular level, both compounds interfered with SIRT1 expression and consequently suppressed Akt phosphorylation, and PN5 blocked apoptosis escape. Furthermore, PN4 and PN5 showed promising antimigratory and anti-invasive effects against MCF-7ADR, as confirmed by suppression of N-cadherin/β-catenin expression. In conclusion, for the first time, hypophyllanthin and phyllanthin isolated from P. niruri showed promising chemomodulatory effects to the DOX-induced chemotherapeutic activity against MCF-7ADR. Both compounds significantly synergized DOX-induced anticancer properties against MCF-7ADR. This enhanced activity was explained by further promoting DOX-induced apoptosis and suppressing the apoptosis-escape autophagy feature of the resistant breast cancer cells. Both compounds (hypophyllanthin and phyllanthin) interfered with the SIRT1/Akt pathway and suppressed the N-cadherin/β-catenin axis, confirming the observed antiproliferative, cytotoxic, and anti-invasive effects of hypophyllanthin and phyllanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola E. Abdel-Sattar
- Pharmacognosy Department,
Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Rasha M. Allam
- Pharmacology
Department, Medical Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Al-Abd
- Pharmacology
Department, Medical Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Ali M. El-Halawany
- Pharmacognosy Department,
Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. EL-Desoky
- Department of Molecular Biology,
Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City (USC), Sadat City 32958, Egypt
| | - Shanaz O. Mohamed
- School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang 11700, Malaysia
| | - Sherouk Hussein Sweilam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of
Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo-Suez Road, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam Abdel-Sattar
- Pharmacognosy Department,
Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Meselhy R. Meselhy
- Pharmacognosy Department,
Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
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18
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Géci I, Bober P, Filová E, Amler E, Sabo J. The Role of ARHGAP1 in Rho GTPase Inactivation during Metastasizing of Breast Cancer Cell Line MCF-7 after Treatment with Doxorubicin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11352. [PMID: 37511111 PMCID: PMC10379778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer type in women worldwide. It proliferates rapidly and can metastasize into farther tissues at any stage due to the gradual invasiveness and motility of the tumor cells. These crucial properties are the outcome of the weakened intercellular adhesion, regulated by small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases), which hydrolyze to the guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-bound conformation. We investigated the inactivating effect of ARHGAP1 on Rho GTPases involved signaling pathways after treatment with a high dose of doxorubicin. Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of the proteome isolated from the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, treated with 1 μM of doxorubicin, identified RAC1, CDC42, and RHOA GTPases that were inactivated by the ARHGAP1 protein. Upregulation of the GTPases involved in the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling pathway initiated epithelial-mesenchymal transitions. These findings demonstrate a key role of the ARHGAP1 protein in the disruption of the cell adhesion and simultaneously allow for a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of the reduced cell adhesion leading to the subsequent metastasis. The conclusions of this study corroborate the hypothesis that chemotherapy with doxorubicin may increase the risk of metastases in drug-resistant breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imrich Géci
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Peter Bober
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Eva Filová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Evžen Amler
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Sabo
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovakia
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19
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Tiwari PK, Ko TH, Dubey R, Chouhan M, Tsai LW, Singh HN, Chaubey KK, Dayal D, Chiang CW, Kumar S. CRISPR/Cas9 as a therapeutic tool for triple negative breast cancer: from bench to clinics. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1214489. [PMID: 37469704 PMCID: PMC10352522 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1214489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) is a third-generation genome editing method that has revolutionized the world with its high throughput results. It has been used in the treatment of various biological diseases and infections. Various bacteria and other prokaryotes such as archaea also have CRISPR/Cas9 systems to guard themselves against bacteriophage. Reportedly, CRISPR/Cas9-based strategy may inhibit the growth and development of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) via targeting the potentially altered resistance genes, transcription, and epigenetic regulation. These therapeutic activities could help with the complex issues such as drug resistance which is observed even in TNBC. Currently, various methods have been utilized for the delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 into the targeted cell such as physical (microinjection, electroporation, and hydrodynamic mode), viral (adeno-associated virus and lentivirus), and non-viral (liposomes and lipid nano-particles). Although different models have been developed to investigate the molecular causes of TNBC, but the lack of sensitive and targeted delivery methods for in-vivo genome editing tools limits their clinical application. Therefore, based on the available evidences, this review comprehensively highlighted the advancement, challenges limitations, and prospects of CRISPR/Cas9 for the treatment of TNBC. We also underscored how integrating artificial intelligence and machine learning could improve CRISPR/Cas9 strategies in TNBC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar Tiwari
- Biological and Bio-Computational Lab, Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tin-Hsien Ko
- Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Rajni Dubey
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Mandeep Chouhan
- Biological and Bio-Computational Lab, Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Lung-Wen Tsai
- Department of Medicine Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Information Technology Office, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Data Science, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Himanshu Narayan Singh
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Centre, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kundan Kumar Chaubey
- Division of Research and Innovation, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Deen Dayal
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chih-Wei Chiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Biological and Bio-Computational Lab, Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Chen J, Liu Z, Wu Z, Li W, Tan X. Identification of a chemoresistance-related prognostic gene signature by comprehensive analysis and experimental validation in pancreatic cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1132424. [PMID: 37251940 PMCID: PMC10213255 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1132424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chemoresistance is a major hurdle to improving the prognosis of pancreatic cancer (PC). This study aimed to identify key genes regulating chemoresistance and develop a chemoresistance-related gene signature for prognosis prediction. Methods A total of 30 PC cell lines were subtyped according to gemcitabine sensitivity data from the Cancer Therapeutics Response Portal (CTRP v2). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between gemcitabine-resistant and gemcitabine-sensitive cells were subsequently identified. These upregulated DEGs associated with prognostic values were incorporated to build a LASSO Cox risk model for The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. Four datasets (GSE28735, GSE62452, GSE85916, and GSE102238) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were used as an external validation cohort. Then, a nomogram was developed based on independent prognostic factors. The responses to multiple anti-PC chemotherapeutics were estimated by the "oncoPredict" method. Tumor mutation burden (TMB) was calculated using the "TCGAbiolinks" package. Analysis of the tumor microenvironment (TME) was performed using the "IOBR" package, while the TIDE and "easier" algorithms were employed to estimate immunotherapy efficacy. Finally, RT-qPCR, Western blot and CCK-8 assays were conducted to validate the expression and functions of ALDH3B1 and NCEH1. Results A five-gene signature and a predictive nomogram were developed from six prognostic DEGs, including EGFR, MSLN, ERAP2, ALDH3B1, and NCEH1. Bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing analyses indicated that all five genes were highly expressed in tumor samples. This gene signature was not only an independent prognostic factor but also a biomarker forecasting chemoresistance, TMB, and immune cells. In vitro experiments suggested that ALDH3B1 and NCEH1 were involved in PC progression and gemcitabine chemoresistance. Conclusion This chemoresistance-related gene signature links prognosis with chemoresistance, TMB, and immune features. ALDH3B1 and NCEH1 are two promising targets for treating PC.
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Monti N, Dinicola S, Querqui A, Fabrizi G, Fedeli V, Gesualdi L, Catizone A, Unfer V, Bizzarri M. Myo-Inositol Reverses TGF-β1-Induced EMT in MCF-10A Non-Tumorigenic Breast Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082317. [PMID: 37190245 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), triggered by external and internal cues in several physiological and pathological conditions, elicits the transformation of epithelial cells into a mesenchymal-like phenotype. During EMT, epithelial cells lose cell-to-cell contact and acquire unusual motility/invasive capabilities. The associated architectural and functional changes destabilize the epithelial layer consistency, allowing cells to migrate and invade the surrounding tissues. EMT is a critical step in the progression of inflammation and cancer, often sustained by a main driving factor as the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Antagonizing EMT has recently gained momentum as an attractive issue in cancer treatment and metastasis prevention. Herein, we demonstrate the capability of myo-inositol (myo-Ins) to revert the EMT process induced by TGF-β1 on MCF-10A breast cells. Upon TGF-β1 addition, cells underwent a dramatic phenotypic transformation, as witnessed by structural (disappearance of the E-cadherin-β-catenin complexes and the emergence of a mesenchymal shape) and molecular modifications (increase in N-cadherin, Snai1, and vimentin), including the release of increased collagen and fibronectin. However, following myo-Ins, those changes were almost completely reverted. Inositol promotes the reconstitution of E-cadherin-β-catenin complexes, decreasing the expression of genes involved in EMT, while promoting the re-expression of epithelial genes (keratin-18 and E-cadherin). Noticeably, myo-Ins efficiently inhibits the invasiveness and migrating capability of TGF-β1 treated cells, also reducing the release of metalloproteinase (MMP-9) altogether with collagen synthesis, allowing for the re-establishment of appropriate cell-to-cell junctions, ultimately leading the cell layer back towards a more compact state. Inositol effects were nullified by previous treatment with an siRNA construct to inhibit CDH1 transcripts and, hence, E-cadherin synthesis. This finding suggests that the reconstitution of E-cadherin complexes is an irreplaceable step in the inositol-induced reversion of EMT. Overall, such a result advocates for the useful role of myo-Ins in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Monti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Systems Biology Group Laboratory, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Dinicola
- Systems Biology Group Laboratory, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Querqui
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Systems Biology Group Laboratory, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Fabrizi
- Systems Biology Group Laboratory, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Fedeli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Systems Biology Group Laboratory, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Gesualdi
- Section of Histology and Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Catizone
- Section of Histology and Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Unfer
- Systems Biology Group Laboratory, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI), 00161 Rome, Italy
- Gynecology Department, UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariano Bizzarri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Systems Biology Group Laboratory, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI), 00161 Rome, Italy
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22
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Saliem SS, Bede SY, Abdulkareem AA, Abdullah BH, Milward MR, Cooper PR. Gingival tissue samples from periodontitis patients demonstrate epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:247-255. [PMID: 36575609 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the expression of key epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in gingival tissue samples collected from patients with periodontitis. BACKGROUND Epithelial-mesenchymal transition is a process responsible for shifting epithelial-phenotype to mesenchymal-phenotype leading to loss of epithelial-barrier function. Thus, EMT could be involved as a pathogenic mechanism in periodontitis as both conditions share common promoters and signalling pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gingival tissue samples were collected from patients with periodontitis (case) and healthy periodontium (control). Periodontal parameters including bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss were recorded. Paraffinized tissue samples were processed and immunohistochemically stained to determine the expression of key EMT markers which included E-cadherin, β-catenin, Snail1 and vimentin. RESULTS The majority of cases (n = 65, 72.2%) were diagnosed with periodontitis stage 3 or 4, grade b or c vs 25 (27.8%) subjects with intact healthy periodontium. Discontinuity of epithelium was detected in up to 80.9% of periodontitis cases associated with reduced number of epithelial layers as compared to controls. Immunohistochemical expression of epithelial markers (E-cadherin and β-catenin) was significantly downregulated in periodontitis patients as compared with controls. Periodontitis cases exhibited significant upregulation of Snail1 expression. Furthermore, cytoplasmic vimentin (66.2%) and nuclear β-catenin (27.7%) were solely expressed in periodontally diseased tissues compared with control. Epithelial markers, E-cadherin and β-catenin, were significantly negatively correlated with increasing PPD, while vimentin showed positive correlation with this parameter. CONCLUSION There were marked downregulation of epithelial molecules and upregulation of mesenchymal markers in gingival tissues derived from periodontitis patients, suggesting expression of the EMT phenotype in the pathological epithelial lining of periodontal pockets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif S Saliem
- College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Salwan Y Bede
- College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | | | | | - Paul R Cooper
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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23
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Ghosh A, Roy M. Black Tea Extract, via Modulation of TGF-β Pathway, Prevents Inorganic Arsenic-induced Development of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin in Swiss Albino Mice. J Cancer Prev 2023; 28:12-23. [PMID: 37033331 PMCID: PMC10080015 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2023.28.1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) elevates reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and up-regulates TGF-β signalling. This promotes induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and causes the development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of skin. Black tea is a popular beverage worldwide and an effective antioxidant. Chemopreventive potential of black tea extract (BTE) against iAs induced carcinogenicity has been explored here. The study aims to investigate the role of BTE in prevention of iAs-induced SCC of skin in Swiss albino mice via the modulation of TGF-β signalling and EMT. Mice were divided into (1) control, (2) iAs, (3) iAs+BTE, and (4) BTE groups and were administered iAs and BTE alone, or in combination for 330 days. Histological studies were performed to assess development of SCC. ROS generation was estimated by flowcytometry. Expression of TGF-β and downstream proteins belonging to suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad), phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways was assessed by immunoblotting. Expression of EMT markers was evaluated by immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR. After 330 days of iAs treatment, development of invasive SCC of skin probably due to excess ROS generation, elevation of TGF-β, downregulation of the Smad pathway, upregulation of PI3K-AKT and MAPK signalling molecules and induction of EMT was observed. All these modulations were found to be reversed by BTE, which inhibits iAs induced SCC of skin by quenching excess ROS, promoting Smad mediated TGF-β signalling, downregulating signalling intermediates of PI3K-AKT and MAPK pathways and inhibiting EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archismaan Ghosh
- Department of Environmental Carcinogenesis & Toxicology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Madhumita Roy
- Department of Environmental Carcinogenesis & Toxicology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
- Correspondence to Madhumita Roy, E-mail: , https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3551-8534
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Kung H, Yu J. Targeted therapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Mechanisms and clinical study. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e216. [PMID: 36814688 PMCID: PMC9939368 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive and lethal malignancy with a high rate of recurrence and a dismal 5-year survival rate. Contributing to the poor prognosis of PDAC is the lack of early detection, a complex network of signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms, a dense and desmoplastic stroma, and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. A recent shift toward a neoadjuvant approach to treating PDAC has been sparked by the numerous benefits neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) has to offer compared with upfront surgery. However, certain aspects of NAT against PDAC, including the optimal regimen, the use of radiotherapy, and the selection of patients that would benefit from NAT, have yet to be fully elucidated. This review describes the major signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in PDAC initiation and progression in addition to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment of PDAC. We then review current guidelines, ongoing research, and future research directions on the use of NAT based on randomized clinical trials and other studies. Finally, the current use of and research regarding targeted therapy for PDAC are examined. This review bridges the molecular understanding of PDAC with its clinical significance, development of novel therapies, and shifting directions in treatment paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng‐Chung Kung
- Krieger School of Arts and SciencesJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jun Yu
- Departments of Medicine and OncologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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25
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Quan X, Xin Y, Wang HL, Sun Y, Chen C, Zhang J. Implications of altered sirtuins in metabolic regulation and oral cancer. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14752. [PMID: 36815979 PMCID: PMC9936870 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs 1-7) are a group of histone deacetylase enzymes with a wide range of enzyme activities that target a range of cellular proteins in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria for posttranslational modifications by acetylation (SIRT1, 2, 3, and 5) or ADP ribosylation (SIRT4, 6, and 7). A variety of cellular functions, including mitochondrial functions and functions in energy homeostasis, metabolism, cancer, longevity and ageing, are regulated by sirtuins. Compromised sirtuin functions and/or alterations in the expression levels of sirtuins may lead to several pathological conditions and contribute significantly to alterations in metabolic phenotypes as well as oral carcinogenesis. Here, we describe the basic characteristics of seven mammalian sirtuins. This review also emphasizes the key molecular mechanisms of sirtuins in metabolic regulation and discusses the possible relationships of sirtuins with oral cancers. This review will provide novel insight into new therapeutic approaches targeting sirtuins that may potentially lead to effective strategies for combating oral malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Quan
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,Department of Pathology, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - He-Ling Wang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chanchan Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiangying Zhang
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Stein RA, Thompson LM. Epigenetic changes induced by pathogenic Chlamydia spp. Pathog Dis 2023; 81:ftad034. [PMID: 38031337 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftad034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis, C. pneumoniae, and C. psittaci, the three Chlamydia species known to cause human disease, have been collectively linked to several pathologies, including conjunctivitis, trachoma, respiratory disease, acute and chronic urogenital infections and their complications, and psittacosis. In vitro, animal, and human studies also established additional correlations, such as between C. pneumoniae and atherosclerosis and between C. trachomatis and ovarian cancer. As part of their survival and pathogenesis strategies as obligate intracellular bacteria, Chlamydia spp. modulate all three major types of epigenetic changes, which include deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation, histone post-translational modifications, and microRNA-mediated gene silencing. Some of these epigenetic changes may be implicated in key aspects of pathogenesis, such as the ability of the Chlamydia spp. to induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, interfere with DNA damage repair, suppress cholesterol efflux from infected macrophages, act as a co-factor in human papillomavirus (HPV)-mediated cervical cancer, prevent apoptosis, and preserve the integrity of mitochondrial networks in infected host cells. A better understanding of the individual and collective contribution of epigenetic changes to pathogenesis will enhance our knowledge about the biology of Chlamydia spp. and facilitate the development of novel therapies and biomarkers. Pathogenic Chlamydia spp. contribute to epigenetically-mediated gene expression changes in host cells by multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Stein
- NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 6 MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States
| | - Lily M Thompson
- NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 6 MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States
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27
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Sun B, Ding B, Chen Y, Peng C, Chen X. AFAP1L1 promotes gastric cancer progression by interacting with VAV2 to facilitate CDC42-mediated activation of ITGA5 signaling pathway. J Transl Med 2023; 21:18. [PMID: 36631800 PMCID: PMC9835296 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03871-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The actin filament-associated protein (AFAP) family genes include AFAP1/AFAP-110, AFAP1L1 and AFAP1L2/XB130. Increasing evidence indicates these three AFAP family members participate in tumor progression, but their clinical significance and molecular mechanisms in gastric cancer (GC) remain unclear. METHODS We first analyzed expression of AFAP family genes using public datasets and verified the results. The clinical significance of AFAP family genes in GC patients was also analyzed. In vitro and in vivo experiments were applied to explore the function of AFAP1L1. Enrichment analysis was used to explore potential molecular mechanisms. We then performed additional experiments, such as cell adhesion assay, co-immunoprecipitation and so on to confirm the downstream molecular mechanisms of AFAP1L1. RESULTS Public data analyses and our verification both showed AFAP1L1 was the only AFAP family members that was significantly upregulated in GC compared with normal gastric tissues. Besides, only AFAP1L1 could predict poor prognosis and act as an independent risk factor for GC patients. In addition, AFAP1L1 promotes GC cells proliferation, migration, invasion in vitro and tumor growth, metastasis in vivo by inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In terms of mechanism, AFAP1L1 interacts with VAV guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 (VAV2) to activate Rho family GTPases CDC42, which finally promotes expression of integrin subunit alpha 5 (ITGA5) and activation of integrin signaling pathway. CONCLUSION AFAP1L1 promotes GC progression by inducing EMT through VAV2-mediated activation of CDC42 and ITGA5 signaling pathway, indicating AFAP1L1 may be a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- grid.477407.70000 0004 1806 9292Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No. 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410005 Hunan China
| | - Bai Ding
- grid.477407.70000 0004 1806 9292Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No. 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410005 Hunan China
| | - Yu Chen
- grid.477407.70000 0004 1806 9292Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No. 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410005 Hunan China
| | - Chuang Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No. 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China.
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No. 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China.
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Liu DX, Hao SL, Yang WX. Crosstalk Between β-CATENIN-Mediated Cell Adhesion and the WNT Signaling Pathway. DNA Cell Biol 2023; 42:1-13. [PMID: 36399409 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2022.0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion and stable signaling regulation are fundamental ways of maintaining homeostasis. Among them, the Wnt/β-CATENIN signaling plays a key role in embryonic development and maintenance of body dynamic homeostasis. At the same time, the key signaling molecule β-CATENIN in the Wnt signaling can also function as a cytoskeletal linker protein to regulate tissue barriers, cell migration, and morphogenesis. Dysregulation of the balance between Wnt signaling and adherens junctions can lead to disease. How β-CATENIN maintains the independence of these two functions, or mediates the interaction and balance of these two functions, has been explored and debated for a long time. In this study, we will focus on five aspects of β-CATENIN chaperone molecules, phosphorylation of β-CATENIN and related proteins, epithelial mesenchymal transition, β-CATENIN homolog protein γ-CATENIN and disease, thus deepening the understanding of the Wnt/β-CATENIN signaling and the homeostasis between cell adhesion and further addressing related disease problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Xi Liu
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuang-Li Hao
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Xi Yang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Salewski I, Henne J, Engster L, Krone P, Schneider B, Redwanz C, Lemcke H, Henze L, Junghanss C, Maletzki C. CDK4/6 blockade provides an alternative approach for treatment of mismatch-repair deficient tumors. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2094583. [PMID: 35845723 PMCID: PMC9278458 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2094583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) tumors show a good response toward immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), but developing resistance impairs patients’ outcomes. Here, we compared the therapeutic potential of an α-PD-L1 antibody with the CDK4/6 inhibitor abemaciclib in two preclinical mouse models of dMMR cancer, focusing on immune-modulatory effects of either treatment. Abemaciclib monotherapy significantly prolonged overall survival of Mlh1−/− and Msh2loxP/loxP;TgTg(Vil1-cre) mice (Mlh1−/−: 14.5 wks vs. 9.0 wks (α-PD-L1), and 3.5 wks (control); Msh2loxP/loxP;TgTg(Vil1-cre): 11.7 wks vs. 9.6 wks (α-PD-L1), and 2.0 wks (control)). The combination was not superior to either monotherapy. PET/CT imaging revealed individual response profiles, with best clinical responses seen with abemaciclib mono- and combination therapy. Therapeutic effects were accompanied by increasing numbers of tumor-infiltrating CD4+/CD8+ T-cells and lower numbers of M2-macrophages. Levels of T cell exhaustion markers and regulatory T cell counts declined. Expression analysis identified higher numbers of dendritic cells and neutrophils within tumors together with high expression of DNA damage repair genes as part of the global stress response. In Mlh1−/− tumors, abemaciclib suppressed the PI3K/Akt pathway and led to induction of Mxd4/Myc. The immune-modulatory potential of abemaciclib renders this compound ideal for dMMR patients not eligible for ICI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inken Salewski
- –Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, University of RostockDepartment of Medicine, Clinic III , Rostock, Germany
| | - Julia Henne
- –Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, University of RostockDepartment of Medicine, Clinic III , Rostock, Germany
| | - Leonie Engster
- –Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, University of RostockDepartment of Medicine, Clinic III , Rostock, Germany
| | - Paula Krone
- –Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, University of RostockDepartment of Medicine, Clinic III , Rostock, Germany
| | - Bjoern Schneider
- Institute of Pathology, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Caterina Redwanz
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany
| | - Heiko Lemcke
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC), Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, Department Life, Light & Matter, Department of Cardiology, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Larissa Henze
- –Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, University of RostockDepartment of Medicine, Clinic III , Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Junghanss
- –Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, University of RostockDepartment of Medicine, Clinic III , Rostock, Germany
| | - Claudia Maletzki
- –Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, University of RostockDepartment of Medicine, Clinic III , Rostock, Germany
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Lee JH, Lee SB, Kim H, Shin JM, Yoon M, An HS, Han JW. Anticancer Activity of Mannose-Specific Lectin, BPL2, from Marine Green Alga Bryopsis plumosa. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20120776. [PMID: 36547923 PMCID: PMC9788543 DOI: 10.3390/md20120776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectin is a carbohydrate-binding protein that recognizes specific cells by binding to cell-surface polysaccharides. Tumor cells generally show various glycosylation patterns, making them distinguishable from non-cancerous cells. Consequently, lectin has been suggested as a good anticancer agent. Herein, the anticancer activity of Bryopsis plumosa lectins (BPL1, BPL2, and BPL3) was screened and tested against lung cancer cell lines (A549, H460, and H1299). BPL2 showed high anticancer activity compared to BPL1 and BPL3. Cell viability was dependent on BPL2 concentration and incubation time. The IC50 value for lung cancer cells was 50 μg/mL after 24 h of incubation in BPL2 containing medium; however, BPL2 (50 μg/mL) showed weak toxicity in non-cancerous cells (MRC5). BPL2 affected cancer cell growth while non-cancerous cells were less affected. Further, BPL2 (20 μg/mL) inhibited cancer cell invasion and migration (rates were ˂20%). BPL2 induced the downregulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-related genes (Zeb1, vimentin, and Twist). Co-treatment with BPL2 and gefitinib (10 μg/mL and 10 μM, respectively) showed a synergistic effect compared with monotherapy. BPL2 or gefitinib monotherapy resulted in approximately 90% and 70% cell viability, respectively, with concomitant treatment showing 40% cell viability. Overall, BPL2 can be considered a good candidate for development into an anticancer agent.
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Gresseau L, Roy ME, Duhamel S, Annabi B. A Signaling Crosstalk Links SNAIL to the 37/67 kDa Laminin-1 Receptor Ribosomal Protein SA and Regulates the Acquisition of a Cancer Stem Cell Molecular Signature in U87 Glioblastoma Neurospheres. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5944. [PMID: 36497426 PMCID: PMC9738384 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Three-dimensional in vitro neurospheres cultures recapitulate stemness features associated with poor clinical outcome in glioblastoma patients. They are commonly used to address brain cancer stem cell (CSC) signal transducing biology that regulates spheroids formation and stemness phenotype, and to assess the in vitro pharmacological impact of chemotherapeutic drugs. Objective: Here, we addressed the role of a new signaling axis involved in the regulation of in vitro spheroids formation and assessed the chemopreventive ability of diet-derived epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) to impact the processes that govern the acquisition of spheroids CSC stemness traits. Methods: Neurospheres were generated from adherent human U87 glioblastoma cancer cell cultures under conditions that recapitulate stemness features. Total RNA and protein lysates were isolated for gene expression by RT-qPCR and protein expression by immunoblot. Transcriptomic analysis was performed through RNA-Seq. Results: Compared to their parental adherent cells, tumorspheres expressed increased levels of the CSC markers NANOG, SOX2, PROM1 (CD133), as well as of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers Fibronectin, SNAI1, and 37/67 kDa laminin-1 receptor ribosomal protein SA (RPSA). Increased PROM1, SOX2, Fibronectin, and RPSA transcripts level were also observed in clinical grade IV glioblastoma tissues compared to normal tissue. EGCG treatment reduced dose-dependently tumorspheres size and inhibited the transcriptional regulation of those genes. An apoptotic signature was also found in spheroids with increased signal transducing events involving GSK3α/β, RSK, and CREB. These were repressed upon RPSA gene silencing and partially by SNAI1 silencing. Conclusion: This work highlights a signaling axis linking RPSA upstream of SNAIL in neurospheres genesis and supports the chemopreventive impact that diet-derived EGCG may exert on the acquisition of CSC traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loraine Gresseau
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, and CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Roy
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, and CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Duhamel
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Borhane Annabi
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, and CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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Baldavira CM, Prieto TG, Machado-Rugolo J, de Miranda JT, de Oliveira LKR, Velosa APP, Teodoro WR, Ab’Saber A, Takagaki T, Capelozzi VL. Modeling extracellular matrix through histo-molecular gradient in NSCLC for clinical decisions. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1042766. [PMID: 36452484 PMCID: PMC9703002 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1042766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer still represents a global health problem, being the main type of tumor responsible for cancer deaths. In this context, the tumor microenvironment, and the extracellular matrix (ECM) pose as extremely relevant. Thus, this study aimed to explore the prognostic value of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), Wnt signaling, and ECM proteins expression in patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) with clinical stages I-IIIA. For that, we used 120 tissue sections from patients and evaluated the immunohistochemical, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to each of these markers. We also used in silico analysis to validate our data. We found a strong expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin, which reflects the differential ECM invasion process. Therefore, we also noticed a strong expression of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and collagens III and V. This suggests that, after EMT, the basal membrane (BM) enhanced the motility of invasive cells. EMT proteins were directly associated with WNT5A, and collagens III and V, which suggests that the WNT pathway drives them. On the other hand, heparan sulfate (HS) was associated with WNT3A and SPARC, while WNT1 was associated with CS. Interestingly, the association between WNT1 and Col IV suggested negative feedback of WNT1 along the BM. In our cohort, WNT3A, WNT5A, heparan sulfate and SPARC played an important role in the Cox regression model, influencing the overall survival (OS) of patients, be it directly or indirectly, with the SPARC expression stratifying the OS into two groups: 97 months for high expression; and 65 for low expression. In conclusion, the present study identified a set of proteins that may play a significant role in predicting the prognosis of NSCLC patients with clinical stages I-IIIA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juliana Machado-Rugolo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Health Technology Assessment Center, Clinical Hospital, Medical School of São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jurandir Tomaz de Miranda
- Rheumatology Division of the Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lizandre Keren Ramos de Oliveira
- Rheumatology Division of the Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Pereira Velosa
- Rheumatology Division of the Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Walcy Rosolia Teodoro
- Rheumatology Division of the Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Ab’Saber
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Teresa Takagaki
- Division of Pneumology, Instituto do Coração (Incor), University of São Paulo Medical School (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera Luiza Capelozzi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sun XY, Li HZ, Xie DF, Gao SS, Huang X, Guan H, Bai CJ, Zhou PK. LPAR5 confers radioresistance to cancer cells associated with EMT activation via the ERK/Snail pathway. J Transl Med 2022; 20:456. [PMID: 36199069 PMCID: PMC9533496 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03673-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical event contributing to more aggressive phenotypes in cancer cells. EMT is frequently activated in radiation-targeted cells during the course of radiotherapy, which often endows cancers with acquired radioresistance. However, the upstream molecules driving the signaling pathways of radiation-induced EMT have not been fully delineated. METHODS In this study, RNA-seq-based transcriptome analysis was performed to identify the early responsive genes of HeLa cells to γ-ray irradiation. EMT-associated genes were knocked down by siRNA technology or overexpressed in HeLa cells and A549 cells, and the resulting changes in phenotypes of EMT and radiosensitivity were assessed using qPCR and Western blotting analyses, migration assays, colony-forming ability and apoptosis of flow cytometer assays. RESULTS Through RNA-seq-based transcriptome analysis, we found that LPAR5 is downregulated in the early response of HeLa cells to γ-ray irradiation. Radiation-induced alterations in LPAR5 expression were further revealed to be a bidirectional dynamic process in HeLa and A549 cells, i.e., the early downregulating phase at 2 ~ 4 h and the late upregulating phase at 24 h post-irradiation. Overexpression of LPAR5 prompts EMT programing and migration of cancer cells. Moreover, increased expression of LPAR5 is significantly associated with IR-induced EMT and confers radioresistance to cancer cells. Knockdown of LPAR5 suppressed IR-induced EMT by attenuating the activation of ERK signaling and downstream Snail, MMP1, and MMP9 expression. CONCLUSIONS LPAR5 is an important upstream regulator of IR-induced EMT that modulates the ERK/Snail pathway. This study provides further insights into understanding the mechanism of radiation-induced EMT and identifies promising targets for improving the effectiveness of cancer radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ya Sun
- College of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Zheng Li
- College of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Fei Xie
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Shan Gao
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Guan
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chen-Jun Bai
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping-Kun Zhou
- College of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.
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Sisto M, Ribatti D, Ingravallo G, Lisi S. The Expression of Follistatin-like 1 Protein Is Associated with the Activation of the EMT Program in Sjögren’s Syndrome. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11185368. [PMID: 36143013 PMCID: PMC9503234 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The activation of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) program is a pathological response of the Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) salivary glands epithelial cells (SGEC) to chronic inflammation. Follistatin-like 1 protein (FSTL1) is a secreted glycoprotein induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), actively involved in the modulation of EMT. However, the role of FSTL1 in the EMT program activation in SS has not yet been investigated. Methods: TGF-β1-stimulated healthy human SGEC, SS SGEC, and SS salivary glands (SGs) biopsies were used to assess the effect of FSTL1 on the activation of the EMT program. FSTL1 gene activity was inhibited by the siRNA gene knockdown technique. Results: Here we reported that FSTL1 is up-regulated in SS SGs tissue in a correlated manner with the inflammatory grade. Blockage of FSTL1 gene expression by siRNA negatively modulates the TGF-β1-induced EMT program in vitro. We discovered that these actions were mediated through the modulation of the SMAD2/3-dependent EMT signaling pathway. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the TGF-β1-FSTL1-SMAD2/3 regulatory circuit plays a key role in the regulation of EMT in SS and targeting FSTL1 may be a strategy for the treatment of SGs EMT-dependent fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Sisto
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs (SMBNOS), Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+39-080-547-8315; Fax: +39-080-547-8327
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs (SMBNOS), Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ingravallo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), Pathology Section, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Sabrina Lisi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs (SMBNOS), Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
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Lin R, Sun R, Xiao T, Pei S, Zhang Q, Cheng Y, Guo X, Yang Z, Gu X, Zhang F, Xie C, Yang C. Phenylpropenol ester and sesquiterpenoids with antimetastatic activities from the whole plants of Chloranthus japonicus. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Su X, Wu W, Zhu Z, Lin X, Zeng Y. The effects of epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in COPD induced by cigarette smoke: an update. Respir Res 2022; 23:225. [PMID: 36045410 PMCID: PMC9429334 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02153-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a complex aerosol containing a large number of compounds with a variety of toxicity and carcinogenicity. Long-term exposure to cigarette smoke significantly increases the risk of a variety of diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a unique biological process, that refers to epithelial cells losing their polarity and transforming into mobile mesenchymal cells, playing a crucial role in organ development, fibrosis, and cancer progression. Numerous recent studies have shown that EMT is an important pathophysiological process involved in airway fibrosis, airway remodeling, and malignant transformation of COPD. In this review, we summarized the effects of cigarette smoke on the development and progression of COPD and focus on the specific changes and underlying mechanisms of EMT in COPD induced by cigarette smoke. We spotlighted the signaling pathways involved in EMT induced by cigarette smoke and summarize the current research and treatment approaches for EMT in COPD, aiming to provide ideas for potential new treatment and research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Su
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
| | - Weijing Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
| | - Zhixing Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yiming Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China.
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37
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Tumor necrosis factor-α coordinates with transforming growth factor-β1 to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition and migration via the NF-κB/NOX4 pathway in bronchial epithelial cells. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9325-9333. [PMID: 35913579 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07777-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the process by which epithelial cells transform into mesenchymal cells, which plays a significant role in lung fibrotic disease. Transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) is considered to be the most effective EMT inducer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on TGF-β1-induced EMT and the underlying mechanisms in the human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B. METHODS Human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells were treated with TGF-β1 and TNF-α separately or in combination for 24 h, and qRT-PCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and migration assays were used to investigate the EMT process. Moreover, to further explore the effect of the NF-κB pathway on the EMT process, inhibitor assays (BAY-117082, NF-κB inhibitor), wound healing assays, and western blotting were performed. RESULTS The results showed that both cytokines enhanced the transformation of BEAS-2B cells from epithelial to mesenchymal cells. In addition, combined treatment with TNF-α and TGF-β1 further reduced E-cadherin expression, which conversely elevated α-SMA and vimentin mRNA and protein levels. Correspondingly, the migration rate of BEAS-2B cells was also increased. Furthermore, inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway blocked the expression of EMT-related markers and NOX4 induced by TGF-β1 and TNF-α, as well as cell migration. CONCLUSION Taken together, TNF-α and TGF-β1 cooperatively promoted EMT and cell migration in BEAS-2B cells through the NF-κB/NOX4 signaling pathway.
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