1
|
West SL, Gerhart ML, Ebner TJ. Wide-field calcium imaging of cortical activation and functional connectivity in externally- and internally-driven locomotion. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.10.536261. [PMID: 37090567 PMCID: PMC10120686 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.10.536261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The neural dynamics underlying self-initiated versus sensory driven movements is central to understanding volitional action. Upstream motor cortices are associated with the generation of internally-driven movements over externally-driven. Here we directly compare cortical dynamics during internally- versus externally-driven locomotion using wide-field Ca2+ imaging. We find that secondary motor cortex (M2) plays a larger role in internally-driven spontaneous locomotion transitions, with increased M2 functional connectivity during starting and stopping than in the externally-driven, motorized treadmill locomotion. This is not the case in steady-state walk. In addition, motorized treadmill and spontaneous locomotion are characterized by markedly different patterns of cortical activation and functional connectivity at the different behavior periods. Furthermore, the patterns of fluorescence activation and connectivity are uncorrelated. These experiments reveal widespread and striking differences in the cortical control of internally- and externally-driven locomotion, with M2 playing a major role in the preparation and execution of the self-initiated state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. West
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Morgan L. Gerhart
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Timothy J. Ebner
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rackova L, Mach M, Brnoliakova Z. An update in toxicology of ageing. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 84:103611. [PMID: 33581363 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The field of ageing research has been rapidly advancing in recent decades and it had provided insight into the complexity of ageing phenomenon. However, as the organism-environment interaction appears to significantly affect the organismal pace of ageing, the systematic approach for gerontogenic risk assessment of environmental factors has yet to be established. This puts demand on development of effective biomarker of ageing, as a relevant tool to quantify effects of gerontogenic exposures, contingent on multidisciplinary research approach. Here we review the current knowledge regarding the main endogenous gerontogenic pathways involved in acceleration of ageing through environmental exposures. These include inflammatory and oxidative stress-triggered processes, dysregulation of maintenance of cellular anabolism and catabolism and loss of protein homeostasis. The most effective biomarkers showing specificity and relevancy to ageing phenotypes are summarized, as well. The crucial part of this review was dedicated to the comprehensive overview of environmental gerontogens including various types of radiation, certain types of pesticides, heavy metals, drugs and addictive substances, unhealthy dietary patterns, and sedentary life as well as psychosocial stress. The reported effects in vitro and in vivo of both recognized and potential gerontogens are described with respect to the up-to-date knowledge in geroscience. Finally, hormetic and ageing decelerating effects of environmental factors are briefly discussed, as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Rackova
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Mojmir Mach
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Brnoliakova
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gotardo AT, Hueza IM, Manzano H, Maruo VM, Maiorka PC, Górniak SL. Intoxication by Cyanide in Pregnant Sows: Prenatal and Postnatal Evaluation. J Toxicol 2015; 2015:407654. [PMID: 26101526 PMCID: PMC4460237 DOI: 10.1155/2015/407654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanide is a ubiquitous chemical in the environment and has been associated with many intoxication episodes; however, little is known about its potentially toxic effects on development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of maternal exposure to potassium cyanide (KCN) during pregnancy on both sows and their offspring. Twenty-four pregnant sows were allocated into four groups that orally received different doses of KCN (0.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 mg/kg of body weight) from day 21 of pregnancy to term. The KCN-treated sows showed histological lesions in the CNS, thyroid follicle enlargement, thyroid epithelial thickening, colloid reabsorption changes, and vacuolar degeneration of the renal tubular epithelium. Sows treated with 4.0 mg/kg KCN showed an increase in the number of dead piglets at birth. Weaned piglets from all KCN-treated groups showed histological lesions in the thyroid glands with features similar to those found in their mothers. The exposure of pregnant sows to cyanide thus caused toxic effects in both mothers and piglets. We suggest that swine can serve as a useful animal model to assess the neurological, goitrogenic, and reproductive effects of cyanide toxicosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André T. Gotardo
- Research Center of Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX), Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 13635-900 Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Isis M. Hueza
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (ICAQF-UNIFESP), Campus Diadema, 09913-030 Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Helena Manzano
- Research Center of Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX), Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 13635-900 Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Viviane M. Maruo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Tocantins, BR 153, Rural Zone Km 112, 77804-970 Araguaina, TO, Brazil
| | - Paulo C. Maiorka
- Research Center of Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX), Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 13635-900 Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvana L. Górniak
- Research Center of Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX), Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 13635-900 Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang D, Lee B, Nutter A, Song P, Dolatabadi N, Parker J, Sanz-Blasco S, Newmeyer T, Ambasudhan R, McKercher SR, Masliah E, Lipton SA. Protection from cyanide-induced brain injury by the Nrf2 transcriptional activator carnosic acid. J Neurochem 2015; 133:898-908. [PMID: 25692407 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cyanide is a life-threatening, bioterrorist agent, preventing cellular respiration by inhibiting cytochrome c oxidase, resulting in cardiopulmonary failure, hypoxic brain injury, and death within minutes. However, even after treatment with various antidotes to protect cytochrome oxidase, cyanide intoxication in humans can induce a delayed-onset neurological syndrome that includes symptoms of Parkinsonism. Additional mechanisms are thought to underlie cyanide-induced neuronal damage, including generation of reactive oxygen species. This may account for the fact that antioxidants prevent some aspects of cyanide-induced neuronal damage. Here, as a potential preemptive countermeasure against a bioterrorist attack with cyanide, we tested the CNS protective effect of carnosic acid (CA), a pro-electrophilic compound found in the herb rosemary. CA crosses the blood-brain barrier to up-regulate endogenous antioxidant enzymes via activation of the Nrf2 transcriptional pathway. We demonstrate that CA exerts neuroprotective effects on cyanide-induced brain damage in cultured rodent and human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons in vitro, and in vivo in various brain areas of a non-Swiss albino mouse model of cyanide poisoning that simulates damage observed in the human brain. Cyanide, a potential bioterrorist agent, can produce a chronic delayed-onset neurological syndrome that includes symptoms of Parkinsonism. Here, cyanide poisoning treated with the proelectrophillic compound carnosic acid, results in reduced neuronal cell death in both in vitro and in vivo models through activation of the Nrf2/ARE transcriptional pathway. Carnosic acid is therefore a potential treatment for the toxic central nervous system (CNS) effects of cyanide poisoning. ARE, antioxidant responsive element; Nrf2 (NFE2L2, Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongxian Zhang
- Neuroscience and Aging Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Brian Lee
- Neuroscience and Aging Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Anthony Nutter
- Neuroscience and Aging Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Paul Song
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nima Dolatabadi
- Neuroscience and Aging Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - James Parker
- Neuroscience and Aging Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sara Sanz-Blasco
- Neuroscience and Aging Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Traci Newmeyer
- Neuroscience and Aging Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rajesh Ambasudhan
- Neuroscience and Aging Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Scott R McKercher
- Neuroscience and Aging Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Stuart A Lipton
- Neuroscience and Aging Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ogundele OM, Adeniyi PA, Ajonijebu DC, Abdulbasit A, Cobham AE, Ishola AO, Balogun GW. Motor and memory function in rat models of cyanide toxicity and vascular occlusion induced ischemic injury. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2014; 21:191-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
|
6
|
Bumoko GM, Sombo MT, Okitundu LD, Mumba DN, Kazadi KT, Tamfum-Muyembe JJ, Lasarev MR, Boivin MJ, Banea JP, Tshala-Katumbay DD. Determinants of cognitive performance in children relying on cyanogenic cassava as staple food. Metab Brain Dis 2014; 29:359-66. [PMID: 24481810 PMCID: PMC4024334 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-014-9492-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
While risk factors for konzo are known, determinants of cognitive impairment in konzo-affected children remain unknown. We anchored cognitive performance (KABC-II scores) to serum levels of free-thyroxine (free-T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), albumin, and motor proficiency (BOT-2 scores) in 40 children including 21 with konzo (median age: 9 years) and 19 without konzo (median age: 8 years). A multiple regression model was used to determine variables associated with changes in KABC-II scores. Age (β: -0.818, 95% CI: -1.48, -0.152) (p = 0.018), gender (β: -5.72; 95% CI: -9.87, -1.57 for females) (p = 0.009), BOT-2 score (β: 0.390; 95% CI: 0.113, 0.667) (p = 0.008), and free-T4 (β: 1.88; 95% CI: 0.009, 3.74) (p = 0.049) explained 61.1 % of variation in KABC-II scores. Subclinical hypothyroidism was not associated with poor cognition. A crude association was found between serum albumin and KABC-II scores (β: 1.26; 95 % CI: 0.136, 2.39) (p = 0.029). On spot urinary thiocyanate reached 688 μmol/l in children without konzo and 1,032 μmol/L in those with konzo. Female gender and low serum albumin are risk factors common to cognitive and proportionally associated motor deficits in children exposed to cassava cyanogens. The two types of deficits may share common mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G M Bumoko
- Department of Neurology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Congo
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cross-species and tissue variations in cyanide detoxification rates in rodents and non-human primates on protein-restricted diet. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 66:203-9. [PMID: 24500607 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We sought to elucidate the impact of diet, cyanide or cyanate exposure on mammalian cyanide detoxification capabilities (CDC). Male rats (~8 weeks old) (N=52) on 75% sulfur amino acid (SAA)-deficient diet were treated with NaCN (2.5mg/kg bw) or NaOCN (50mg/kg bw) for 6 weeks. Macaca fascicularis monkeys (~12 years old) (N=12) were exclusively fed cassava for 5 weeks. CDC was assessed in plasma, or spinal cord, or brain. In rats, NaCN induced seizures under SAA-restricted diet whereas NaOCN induced motor deficits. No deficits were observed in non-human primates. Under normal diet, the CDC were up to ~80× faster in the nervous system (14 ms to produce one μmol of thiocyanate from the detoxification of cyanide) relative to plasma. Spinal cord CDC was impaired by NaCN, NaOCN, or SAA deficiency. In M. fascicularis, plasma CDC changed proportionally to total proteins (r=0.43; p<0.001). The plasma CDC was ~2× relative to that of rodents. The nervous system susceptibility to cyanide may result from a "multiple hit" by the toxicity of cyanide or its cyanate metabolite, the influences of dietary deficiencies, and the tissue variations in CDC. Chronic dietary reliance on cassava may cause metabolic derangement including poor CDC.
Collapse
|
8
|
Nath AK, Roberts LD, Liu Y, Mahon SB, Kim S, Ryu JH, Werdich A, Januzzi JL, Boss GR, Rockwood GA, MacRae CA, Brenner M, Gerszten RE, Peterson RT. Chemical and metabolomic screens identify novel biomarkers and antidotes for cyanide exposure. FASEB J 2013; 27:1928-38. [PMID: 23345455 PMCID: PMC3633825 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-225037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to cyanide causes a spectrum of cardiac, neurological, and metabolic dysfunctions that can be fatal. Improved cyanide antidotes are needed, but the ideal biological pathways to target are not known. To understand better the metabolic effects of cyanide and to discover novel cyanide antidotes, we developed a zebrafish model of cyanide exposure and scaled it for high-throughput chemical screening. In a screen of 3120 small molecules, we discovered 4 novel antidotes that block cyanide toxicity. The most potent antidote was riboflavin. Metabolomic profiling of cyanide-treated zebrafish revealed changes in bile acid and purine metabolism, most notably by an increase in inosine levels. Riboflavin normalizes many of the cyanide-induced neurological and metabolic perturbations in zebrafish. The metabolic effects of cyanide observed in zebrafish were conserved in a rabbit model of cyanide toxicity. Further, humans treated with nitroprusside, a drug that releases nitric oxide and cyanide ions, display increased circulating bile acids and inosine. In summary, riboflavin may be a novel treatment for cyanide toxicity and prophylactic measure during nitroprusside treatment, inosine may serve as a biomarker of cyanide exposure, and metabolites in the bile acid and purine metabolism pathways may shed light on the pathways critical to reversing cyanide toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali K. Nath
- Cardiovascular Research Center and
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lee D. Roberts
- Cardiovascular Research Center and
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Center and
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sari B. Mahon
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California–Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California, USA
| | - Sonia Kim
- Cardiovascular Research Center and
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Justine H. Ryu
- Cardiovascular Research Center and
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andreas Werdich
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James L. Januzzi
- Cardiovascular Research Center and
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gerry R. Boss
- Department of Medicine, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; and
| | - Gary A. Rockwood
- Analytical Toxicology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland, USA
| | - Calum A. MacRae
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew Brenner
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California–Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California, USA
| | - Robert E. Gerszten
- Cardiovascular Research Center and
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Randall T. Peterson
- Cardiovascular Research Center and
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
OXPHOS toxicogenomics and Parkinson's disease. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2011; 728:98-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
10
|
Zhang L, Li L, Leavesley HW, Zhang X, Borowitz JL, Isom GE. Cyanide-induced apoptosis of dopaminergic cells is promoted by BNIP3 and Bax modulation of endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial Ca2+ levels. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 332:97-105. [PMID: 19841471 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.109.159103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanide is a potent neurotoxicant that can produce dopaminergic neuronal death in the substantia nigra and is associated with a Parkinson-like syndrome. In this study involvement of Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), a BH3-only Bcl-2 protein, in cyanide-induced death of dopaminergic cells was determined in mice and Mes 23.5 cells. Treatment of mice with cyanide up-regulated BNIP3 and Bax expression in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cells of the substantia nigra, and progressive loss of TH-positive neurons was observed over a 9-day period. In Mes 23.5 dopaminergic cells, cyanide stimulated translocalization of BNIP3 to both endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. In ER, BNIP3 stimulated release of Ca(2+) into the cytosol, followed by accumulation of mitochondrial Ca(2+), resulting in reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsi(m)) and eventually cell death. Cyanide also activated Bax to colocalize with BNIP3 in ER and mitochondria. Forced overexpression of BNIP3 activated Bax, whereas gene silencing reduced Bax activity. Knockdown of Bax expression by small interfering RNA blocked the BNIP3-mediated changes in ER and mitochondrial Ca(2+) to block cyanide-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. These findings show that BNIP3-mediates cyanide-induced dopaminergic cell death through a Bax downstream signal that mobilizes ER Ca(2+) stores, followed by mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1333, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|