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Basavarajappa BS, Subbanna S. Unlocking the epigenetic symphony: histone acetylation's impact on neurobehavioral change in neurodegenerative disorders. Epigenomics 2024; 16:331-358. [PMID: 38321930 PMCID: PMC10910622 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent genomics and epigenetic advances have empowered the exploration of DNA/RNA methylation and histone modifications crucial for gene expression in response to stress, aging and disease. Interest in understanding neuronal plasticity's epigenetic mechanisms, influencing brain rewiring amid development, aging and neurodegenerative disorders, continues to grow. Histone acetylation dysregulation, a commonality in diverse brain disorders, has become a therapeutic focus. Histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases have emerged as promising targets for neurodegenerative disorder treatment. This review delves into histone acetylation regulation, potential therapies and future perspectives for disorders like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's. Exploring genetic-environmental interplay through models and studies reveals molecular changes, behavioral insights and early intervention possibilities targeting the epigenome in at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balapal S Basavarajappa
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, NY 10016, USA
| | - Shivakumar Subbanna
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
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Silva RH, Lopes-Silva LB, Cunha DG, Becegato M, Ribeiro AM, Santos JR. Animal Approaches to Studying Risk Factors for Parkinson's Disease: A Narrative Review. Brain Sci 2024; 14:156. [PMID: 38391730 PMCID: PMC10887213 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite recent efforts to search for biomarkers for the pre-symptomatic diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD), the presence of risk factors, prodromal signs, and family history still support the classification of individuals at risk for this disease. Human epidemiological studies are useful in this search but fail to provide causality. The study of well-known risk factors for PD in animal models can help elucidate mechanisms related to the disease's etiology and contribute to future prevention or treatment approaches. This narrative review aims to discuss animal studies that investigated four of the main risk factors and/or prodromal signs related to PD: advanced age, male sex, sleep alterations, and depression. Different databases were used to search the studies, which were included based on their relevance to the topic. Although still in a reduced number, such studies are of great relevance in the search for evidence that leads to a possible early diagnosis and improvements in methods of prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Silva
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04021-001, SP, Brazil
| | - L B Lopes-Silva
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04021-001, SP, Brazil
| | - D G Cunha
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04021-001, SP, Brazil
| | - M Becegato
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04021-001, SP, Brazil
| | - A M Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Bioprospecting of Natural Products, Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos 11015-020, SP, Brazil
| | - J R Santos
- Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana 49500-000, SE, Brazil
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Salemi M, Ravo M, Lanza G, Schillaci FA, Ventola GM, Marchese G, Salluzzo MG, Cappelletti G, Ferri R. Gene Expression Profiling of Post Mortem Midbrain of Parkinson's Disease Patients and Healthy Controls. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:707. [PMID: 38255780 PMCID: PMC10815072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) stands as the most prevalent degenerative movement disorder, marked by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain. In this study, we conducted a transcriptome analysis utilizing post mortem mRNA extracted from the substantia nigra of both PD patients and healthy control (CTRL) individuals. Specifically, we acquired eight samples from individuals with PD and six samples from CTRL individuals, with no discernible pathology detected in the latter group. RNA sequencing was conducted using the TapeStation 4200 system from Agilent Technologies. A total of 16,148 transcripts were identified, with 92 mRNAs displaying differential expression between the PD and control groups. Specifically, 33 mRNAs were significantly up-regulated, while 59 mRNAs were down-regulated in PD compared to the controls. The identification of statistically significant signaling pathways, with an adjusted p-value threshold of 0.05, unveiled noteworthy insights. Specifically, the enriched categories included cardiac muscle contraction (involving genes such as ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit beta 2 (ATP1B2), solute carrier family 8 member A1 (SLC8A1), and cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COX2)), GABAergic synapse (involving GABA type A receptor-associated protein-like 1 (GABARAPL1), G protein subunit beta 5 (GNB5), and solute carrier family 38 member 2 (SLC38A2), autophagy (involving GABARAPL1 and tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 (TP53INP2)), and Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) mediated phagocytosis (involving amphiphysin (AMPH)). These findings uncover new pathophysiological dimensions underlying PD, implicating genes associated with heart muscle contraction. This knowledge enhances diagnostic accuracy and contributes to the advancement of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Salemi
- Oasi Research Institute–IRCCS, 94018 Troin, Italy; (G.L.); (F.A.S.); (M.G.S.); (R.F.)
| | - Maria Ravo
- Genomix4Life Srl, 94081 Baroniss, Italy; (M.R.); (G.M.V.); (G.M.)
- Genome Research Center for Health–CRGS, 94081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lanza
- Oasi Research Institute–IRCCS, 94018 Troin, Italy; (G.L.); (F.A.S.); (M.G.S.); (R.F.)
- Department of Surgery and Medical–Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Maria Ventola
- Genomix4Life Srl, 94081 Baroniss, Italy; (M.R.); (G.M.V.); (G.M.)
- Genome Research Center for Health–CRGS, 94081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Giovanna Marchese
- Genomix4Life Srl, 94081 Baroniss, Italy; (M.R.); (G.M.V.); (G.M.)
- Genome Research Center for Health–CRGS, 94081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Salluzzo
- Oasi Research Institute–IRCCS, 94018 Troin, Italy; (G.L.); (F.A.S.); (M.G.S.); (R.F.)
| | | | - Raffaele Ferri
- Oasi Research Institute–IRCCS, 94018 Troin, Italy; (G.L.); (F.A.S.); (M.G.S.); (R.F.)
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Jiao Y, Zhu X, Zhou X, Li Y, Zhou L, Zhao A, Luo N, Niu M, Liu J. Collaborative plasma biomarkers for Parkinson disease development and progression: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:3090-3097. [PMID: 37402216 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Relying on a single biomarker for early diagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD) may not yield accurate results. We aimed to assess the combined diagnostic value of multiple biomarkers, including plasma CCL2, plasma CXCL12, and plasma neuronal exosomal α-synuclein (α-syn) for early stage PD diagnosis and their predictive value in PD progression. METHODS This study included both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs. The CCL2, CXCL12, and neuronal exosomal α-syn levels were analyzed in 50 healthy controls (HCs) and 50 early stage PD patients. Then, a prospective follow-up of 30 early stage PD patients was performed. RESULTS In early stage PD, we observed a significant increase in CCL2, CXCL12, and plasma neuronal exosomal α-syn compared to HCs (p < 0.05). Utilizing a combined diagnostic approach of CCL2, CXCL12, and α-syn significantly improved the area under the curve (AUC = 0.89, p < 0.001). Spearman correlation analysis revealed that CCL2 levels were correlated with PD clinical stage and autonomic symptoms (p < 0.05). CXCL12 levels were associated with nonmotor symptoms (p < 0.05). Plasma neuronal exosomal α-syn levels were connected to the clinical stage, motor symptoms, and nonmotor symptoms in early stage PD (p < 0.01). In the longitudinal cohort, the Cox regression analysis showed that high CCL2 levels were associated with motor progression after a mean follow-up of 24 months. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that the combined measurement of plasma CCL2, CXCL12, and neuronal exosomal α-syn can improve early stage PD diagnosis, and CCL2 may serve as a prognostic marker for PD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, affiliated with the Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, affiliated with the Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, affiliated with the Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, affiliated with the Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liche Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, affiliated with the Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aonan Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, affiliated with the Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningdi Luo
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, affiliated with the Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyue Niu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, affiliated with the Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, affiliated with the Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Ruijin Hospital, affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Morimoto R, Iijima M, Okuma Y, Suzuki K, Yoshii F, Nogawa S, Osada T, Kitagawa K. Associations between non-motor symptoms and patient characteristics in Parkinson's disease: a multicenter cross-sectional study. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1252596. [PMID: 37744394 PMCID: PMC10511748 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1252596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by various non-motor symptoms (NMS), such as constipation, olfactory disturbance, sleep disturbance, mental disorders, and motor symptoms. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with NMS in patients with PD. Methods Symptoms of PD were evaluated using the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS), Parts I-IV. NMS was assessed using the MDS-UPDRS Part I (self-assessment of NMS) and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) questionnaires. Patients were categorized by age into <70 years and ≥ 70 years (older adults) groups, according to disease duration into early-stage and advanced-stage groups with a cut-off value of 5 years for motor symptoms, and by sex into male and female groups. Results A total of 431 patients with PD (202 males and 229 females) with a mean age of 67.7 years, a mean disease duration of 6.4 years, and a mean Part I total score of 9.9 participated in this study. The Part I total score was significantly positively correlated (p < 0.01) with disease duration and Part II, III, and IV scores. For Part I sub-item scores, the older group had significantly higher scores for cognitive impairment, hallucinations, sleep problems, urinary problems, and constipation than the <70 years group, whereas the advanced-stage group had significantly higher scores for hallucinations, sleep problems, daytime sleepiness, pain, urinary problems, and constipation (p < 0.05) than the early-stage group. Anxiety was higher in female patients than in male patients, whereas daytime sleepiness, urinary problems, and RBD were higher in male patients than in female patients (p < 0.05). Factors affecting Part I included disease duration, Part II total scores, Part IV total scores, and RBD. Conclusion According to the self-questionnaire assessment, NMS was highly severe in older adult patients, those with longer illness duration, subjective and objective motor function impairments, and RBD. Sex-based differences were also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Morimoto
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Iijima
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Okuma
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Fumihito Yoshii
- Department of Neurology, Saiseikai Shonan Hiratsuka Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shigeru Nogawa
- Department of Neurology, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Osada
- Department of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kitagawa
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Rike WA, Stern S. Proteins and Transcriptional Dysregulation of the Brain Extracellular Matrix in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087435. [PMID: 37108598 PMCID: PMC10138539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the brain is a dynamic structure made up of a vast network of bioactive macromolecules that modulate cellular events. Structural, organizational, and functional changes in these macromolecules due to genetic variation or environmental stressors are thought to affect cellular functions and may result in disease. However, most mechanistic studies to date usually focus on the cellular aspects of diseases and pay less attention to the relevance of the processes governing the dynamic nature of the extracellular matrix in disease pathogenesis. Thus, due to the ECM's diversified biological roles, increasing interest in its involvement in disease, and the lack of sufficient compiled evidence regarding its relationship with Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology, we aimed to compile the existing evidence to boost the current knowledge on the area and provide refined guidance for the future research. Here, in this review, we gathered postmortem brain tissue and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-related studies from PubMed and Google Scholar to identify, summarize and describe common macromolecular alterations in the expression of brain ECM components in Parkinson's disease (PD). A literature search was conducted up until 10 February 2023. The overall hits from the database and manual search for proteomic and transcriptome studies were 1243 and 1041 articles, respectively. Following a full-text review, 10 articles from proteomic and 24 from transcriptomic studies were found to be eligible for inclusion. According to proteomic studies, proteins such as collagens, fibronectin, annexins, and tenascins were recognized to be differentially expressed in Parkinson's disease. Transcriptomic studies displayed dysregulated pathways including ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and cell adhesion molecules in Parkinson's disease. A limited number of relevant studies were accessed from our search, indicating that much work remains to be carried out to better understand the roles of the ECM in neurodegeneration and Parkinson's disease. However, we believe that our review will elicit focused primary studies and thus support the ongoing efforts of the discovery and development of diagnostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic agents for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wote Amelo Rike
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Shani Stern
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
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Beyond shallow feelings of complex affect: Non-motor correlates of subjective emotional experience in Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281959. [PMID: 36827296 PMCID: PMC9955984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Affective disorders in Parkinson's disease (PD) concern several components of emotion. However, research on subjective feeling in PD is scarce and has produced overall varying results. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the subjective emotional experience and its relationship with autonomic symptoms and other non-motor features in PD patients. We used a battery of film excerpts to elicit Amusement, Anger, Disgust, Fear, Sadness, Tenderness, and Neutral State, in 28 PD patients and 17 healthy controls. Self-report scores of emotion category, intensity, and valence were analyzed. In the PD group, we explored the association between emotional self-reported scores and clinical scales assessing autonomic dysregulation, depression, REM sleep behavior disorder, and cognitive impairment. Patient clustering was assessed by considering relevant associations. Tenderness occurrence and intensity of Tenderness and Amusement were reduced in the PD patients. Tenderness occurrence was mainly associated with the overall cognitive status and the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms. In contrast, the intensity and valence reported for the experience of Amusement correlated with the prevalence of urinary symptoms. We identified five patient clusters, which differed significantly in their profile of non-motor symptoms and subjective feeling. Our findings further suggest the possible existence of a PD phenotype with more significant changes in subjective emotional experience. We concluded that the subjective experience of complex emotions is impaired in PD. Non-motor feature grouping suggests the existence of disease phenotypes profiled according to specific deficits in subjective emotional experience, with potential clinical implications for the adoption of precision medicine in PD. Further research on larger sample sizes, combining subjective and physiological measures of emotion with additional clinical features, is needed to extend our findings.
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Su W, Huang P, Ma X, Shang H, Ye Q, Cheng O, Chan P, Liu C, Liu W, Tang B, Wang L, Zhang B, Wang T, Shao M, Xie A, Chen X, Zhu X, Wang J, Tao E, Chen S, Chen H. Evaluation of Nocturnal Symptoms in Chinese Parkinson's Disease Patients Based on the PDSS-2 Scale: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2023; 13:1061-1071. [PMID: 37522220 PMCID: PMC10578254 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nocturnal symptoms have a significant effect on the quality of life in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of nocturnal symptoms in Chinese PD patients. METHODS This multicenter cross-sectional study included 1,500 patients with primary PD from 18 centers in China was carried out between February 2019 and February 2020. Questionnaires including Parkinson's disease sleep scale 2 (PDSS-2), Parkinson's disease questionnaire 8 (PDQ-8), Beck depression inventory (BDI), and generalized anxiety disorder scale 7 (GAD-7) were used to assess nocturnal symptoms, quality of life, depression, and anxiety. RESULTS Among 1,500 Chinese PD patients, 576 (38.4%) reported nocturnal symptoms. Of them, 59.2% were older than 65 years. The PDQ-8 total score was higher in patients with nocturnal symptoms (p < 0.01). Moderate and severe depression was reported more often in patients with nocturnal symptoms (p < 0.01), and the occurrence and severity of anxiety were higher as well (p < 0.01). Longer disease duration and higher Hoehn-Yahr (HY) stage were independently associated with nocturnal symptoms (p < 0.01). Education level, depression, disease course, HY stage, and nocturnal symptoms were related to the quality of life in Chinese PD patients (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Our study found that 38.4% of Chinese PD patients have nocturnal symptoms, even in early and mid-stage PD. Nocturnal symptoms were associated with worse quality of life and higher incidences of depression and anxiety. Nocturnal symptoms should be included in the assessment and care plan, especially in patients with longer disease courses and higher HY stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Su
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Ma
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Qinyong Ye
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Oumei Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Piu Chan
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baorong Zhang
- Internal Medicine-Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ming Shao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Anmu Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xianwen Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department & Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Enxiang Tao
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Chen
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Mehrabani S, Khorvash F, Heidari Z, Tajabadi-Ebrahimi M, Amani R. The effects of synbiotic supplementation on oxidative stress markers, mental status, and quality of life in patients with Parkinson’s disease: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trial. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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10
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Cao Z, Song S, Huang X, Li C, Luo Z, D’Aloisio AA, Suarez L, Hernandez DG, Singleton AB, Sandler DP, Chen H. Parkinson's Disease Case Ascertainment in the Sister Study: A Cohort for Environmental Health Research. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2023; 13:729-742. [PMID: 37334620 PMCID: PMC10473078 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large prospective studies are essential for investigating the environmental causes of Parkinson's disease (PD), but PD diagnosis via clinical exams is often infeasible in such studies. OBJECTIVE To present case ascertainment strategy and data collection in a US cohort of women. METHODS In the Sister Study (n = 50,884, baseline ages 55.6±9.0), physician-made PD diagnoses were first reported by participants or their proxies. Cohort-wide follow-up surveys collected data on subsequent diagnoses, medication usage and PD-relevant motor and nonmotor symptoms. We contacted self-reported PD cases and their treating physicians to obtain relevant diagnostic and treatment history. Diagnostic adjudication was made via expert review of all available data, except nonmotor symptoms. We examined associations of nonmotor symptoms with incident PD, using multivariable logistic regression models and reported odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Of the 371 potential PD cases identified, 242 diagnoses were confirmed. Compared with unconfirmed cases, confirmed cases were more likely to report PD diagnosis from multiple sources, medication usage, and motor and nonmotor features consistently during the follow-up. PD polygenic risk score was associated with confirmed PD (ORinter-quartile range = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.45-2.10), but not with unconfirmed cases (corresponding OR = 1.05). Hyposmia, dream-enacting behaviors, constipation, depression, unexplained weight loss, dry eyes, dry mouth, and fatigue were significantly related to PD risk, with ORs from 1.71 to 4.88. Only one of the eight negative control symptoms was associated with incident PD. CONCLUSION Findings support our PD case ascertainment approach in this large cohort of women. PD prodromal presentation is likely beyond its well-documented profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichun Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Shengfang Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Chenxi Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Zhehui Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Aimee A. D’Aloisio
- Social & Scientific Systems, a DLH Holdings Corporation, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lourdes Suarez
- Social & Scientific Systems, a DLH Holdings Corporation, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dena G. Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew B. Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dale P. Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Honglei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Thangaleela S, Sivamaruthi BS, Kesika P, Bharathi M, Chaiyasut C. Role of the Gut-Brain Axis, Gut Microbial Composition, Diet, and Probiotic Intervention in Parkinson's Disease. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1544. [PMID: 36013962 PMCID: PMC9412530 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second-most prevalent neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric disease, affecting 1% of seniors worldwide. The gut microbiota (GM) is one of the key access controls for most diseases and disorders. Disturbance in the GM creates an imbalance in the function and circulation of metabolites, resulting in unhealthy conditions. Any dysbiosis could affect the function of the gut, consequently disturbing the equilibrium in the intestine, and provoking pro-inflammatory conditions in the gut lumen, which send signals to the central nervous system (CNS) through the vagus enteric nervous system, possibly disturbing the blood-brain barrier. The neuroinflammatory conditions in the brain cause accumulation of α-syn, and progressively develop PD. An important aspect of understanding and treating the disease is access to broad knowledge about the influence of dietary supplements on GM. Probiotics are live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Probiotic supplementation improves the function of the CNS, and improves the motor and non-motor symptoms of PD. Probiotic supplementation could be an adjuvant therapeutic method to manage PD. This review summarizes the role of GM in health, the GM-brain axis, the pathogenesis of PD, the role of GM and diet in PD, and the influence of probiotic supplementation on PD. The study encourages further detailed clinical trials in PD patients with probiotics, which aids in determining the involvement of GM, intestinal mediators, and neurological mediators in the treatment or management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Thangaleela
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.T.); (P.K.); (M.B.)
| | | | - Periyanaina Kesika
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.T.); (P.K.); (M.B.)
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Muruganantham Bharathi
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.T.); (P.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.T.); (P.K.); (M.B.)
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12
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Brandau L, Weis S, Weyland M, Berger FK, Schnell S, Schäfer KH, Egert M. RNA-based stable isotope probing provides no indication for rapid α-synuclein assimilation by murine gut bacteria. Access Microbiol 2022; 4:acmi000345. [PMID: 36003361 PMCID: PMC9394525 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson’s disease (PD), α-synuclein is a key protein in the process of neurodegeneration. Besides motor symptoms, most PD patients additionally suffer from gastrointestinal tract (GIT) dysfunctions, even several years before the onset of motor disabilities. Studies have reported a dysbiosis of gut bacteria in PD patients compared to healthy controls and have suggested that the enteric nervous system (ENS) can be involved in the development of the disease. As α-synuclein was found to be secreted by neurons of the ENS, we used RNA-based stable isotope probing (RNA-SIP) to identify gut bacteria that might be able to assimilate this protein. The gut contents of 24 mice were pooled and incubated with isotopically labelled (13C) and unlabelled (12C) α-synuclein. After incubation for 0, 4 and 24 h, RNA was extracted from the incubations and separated by density gradient centrifugation. However, RNA quantification of density-resolved fractions revealed no incorporation of the 13C isotope into the extracted RNA, suggesting that α-synuclein was not assimilated by the murine gut bacteria. Potential reasons and consequences for follow-up-studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Brandau
- Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Institute of Precision Medicine, Microbiology and Hygiene Group, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Straße 17, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Severin Weis
- Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Institute of Precision Medicine, Microbiology and Hygiene Group, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Straße 17, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Weyland
- Department of Informatics and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Working Group Enteric Nervous System, Amerikastraße 1, Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Fabian K. Berger
- German National Reference Centre for Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile, Homburg/Saar-Münster-Coesfeld, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße 100, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Sylvia Schnell
- Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use, and Nutrition (IFZ), Institute of Applied Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Karl-Herbert Schäfer
- Department of Informatics and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Working Group Enteric Nervous System, Amerikastraße 1, Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Markus Egert
- Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Institute of Precision Medicine, Microbiology and Hygiene Group, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Straße 17, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
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13
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Liepelt-Scarfone I, Ophey A, Kalbe E. Cognition in prodromal Parkinson's disease. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2022; 269:93-111. [PMID: 35248208 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
One characteristic of Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prodromal phase, lasting many years during which both pre-clinical motor and non-motor symptoms occur. Around one-fifth of patients with PD manifest mild cognitive impairment at time of clinical diagnosis. Thus, important challenges are to define the time of onset of cognitive dysfunction in the prodromal phase of PD, and to define its co-occurrence with other specific characteristics. Evidence for cognitive change in prodromal PD comes from various study designs, including both longitudinal and cross-sectional approaches with different target groups. These studies support the concept that changes in global cognitive function and alterations in executive functions occur, and that these changes may be present up to 6 years before clinical PD diagnosis. Notably, this evidence led to including global cognitive impairment as an independent prodromal marker in the recently updated research criteria of the Movement Disorder Society for prodromal PD. Knowledge in this field, however, is still at its beginning, and evidence is sparse about many aspects of this topic. Further longitudinal studies including standardized assessments of global and domain-specific cognitive functions are needed to gain further knowledge about the first appearance, the course, and the interaction of cognitive deficits with other non-motor symptoms in prodromal stage PD. Treatment approaches, including non-pharmacological interventions, in individuals with prodromal PD might help to prevent or delay cognitive dysfunction in early PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Liepelt-Scarfone
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; IB-Hochschule, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Anja Ophey
- Medical Psychology, Neuropsychology and Gender Studies, Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), University Hospital Cologne and Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elke Kalbe
- Medical Psychology, Neuropsychology and Gender Studies, Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), University Hospital Cologne and Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Nguyen B, Bix G, Yao Y. Basal lamina changes in neurodegenerative disorders. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:81. [PMID: 34876200 PMCID: PMC8650282 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00502-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative disorders are a group of age-associated diseases characterized by progressive degeneration of the structure and function of the CNS. Two key pathological features of these disorders are blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and protein aggregation. MAIN BODY The BBB is composed of various cell types and a non-cellular component---the basal lamina (BL). Although how different cells affect the BBB is well studied, the roles of the BL in BBB maintenance and function remain largely unknown. In addition, located in the perivascular space, the BL is also speculated to regulate protein clearance via the meningeal lymphatic/glymphatic system. Recent studies from our laboratory and others have shown that the BL actively regulates BBB integrity and meningeal lymphatic/glymphatic function in both physiological and pathological conditions, suggesting that it may play an important role in the pathogenesis and/or progression of neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we focus on changes of the BL and its major components during aging and in neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). First, we introduce the vascular and lymphatic systems in the CNS. Next, we discuss the BL and its major components under homeostatic conditions, and summarize their changes during aging and in AD, PD, and ALS in both rodents and humans. The functional significance of these alterations and potential therapeutic targets are also reviewed. Finally, key challenges in the field and future directions are discussed. CONCLUSIONS Understanding BL changes and the functional significance of these changes in neurodegenerative disorders will fill the gap of knowledge in the field. Our goal is to provide a clear and concise review of the complex relationship between the BL and neurodegenerative disorders to stimulate new hypotheses and further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Gregory Bix
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, MDC 8, Tampa, Florida, 33612, USA.
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Quercetin exhibits potent antioxidant activity, restores motor and non-motor deficits induced by rotenone toxicity. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258928. [PMID: 34767546 PMCID: PMC8589152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The rotenone-induced animal model of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been used to investigate the pathogenesis of PD. Oxidative stress is one of the main contributors of neurodegeneration in PD. Flavonoids have the potential to modulate neuronal function and combat various neurodegenerative diseases. The pre- and post-supplementation of quercetin (50 mg/kg, p.o) was done in rats injected with rotenone (1.5 mg/kg, s.c). After the treatment, behavioral activities were monitored for motor activity, depression-like behavior, and cognitive changes. Rats were decapitated after behavioral analysis and the brain samples were dissected out for neurochemical and biochemical estimation. Results showed that supplementation of quercetin significantly (p<0.01) restored rotenone-induced motor and non-motor deficits (depression and cognitive impairments), enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (p<0.01), and attenuated neurotransmitter alterations (p<0.01). It is suggested that quercetin supplementation improves neurotransmitter levels by mitigating oxidative stress via increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and hence improves motor activity, cognitive functions, and reduces depressive behavior. The results of the present study showed that quercetin pre-supplementation produced more significant results as compared to post-supplementation. These findings show that quercetin can be a potential therapeutic agent to reduce the risk and progression of PD.
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Masini D, Plewnia C, Bertho M, Scalbert N, Caggiano V, Fisone G. A Guide to the Generation of a 6-Hydroxydopamine Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease for the Study of Non-Motor Symptoms. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060598. [PMID: 34070345 PMCID: PMC8227396 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson’s disease (PD), a large number of symptoms affecting the peripheral and central nervous system precede, develop in parallel to, the cardinal motor symptoms of the disease. The study of these conditions, which are often refractory to and may even be exacerbated by standard dopamine replacement therapies, relies on the availability of appropriate animal models. Previous work in rodents showed that injection of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in discrete brain regions reproduces several non-motor comorbidities commonly associated with PD, including cognitive deficits, depression, anxiety, as well as disruption of olfactory discrimination and circadian rhythm. However, the use of 6-OHDA is frequently associated with significant post-surgical mortality. Here, we describe the generation of a mouse model of PD based on bilateral injection of 6-OHDA in the dorsal striatum. We show that the survival rates of males and females subjected to this lesion differ significantly, with a much higher mortality among males, and provide a protocol of enhanced pre- and post-operative care, which nearly eliminates animal loss. We also briefly discuss the utility of this model for the study of non-motor comorbidities of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Masini
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (D.M.); (C.P.); (M.B.); (N.S.); (V.C.)
- Department of Neuroscience Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej, 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carina Plewnia
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (D.M.); (C.P.); (M.B.); (N.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Maëlle Bertho
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (D.M.); (C.P.); (M.B.); (N.S.); (V.C.)
- Department of Neuroscience Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej, 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolas Scalbert
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (D.M.); (C.P.); (M.B.); (N.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Vittorio Caggiano
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (D.M.); (C.P.); (M.B.); (N.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Gilberto Fisone
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (D.M.); (C.P.); (M.B.); (N.S.); (V.C.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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McQuade RM, Singleton LM, Wu H, Lee S, Constable R, Di Natale M, Ringuet MT, Berger JP, Kauhausen J, Parish CL, Finkelstein DI, Furness JB, Diwakarla S. The association of enteric neuropathy with gut phenotypes in acute and progressive models of Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7934. [PMID: 33846426 PMCID: PMC8041759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86917-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with neuronal damage in the brain and gut. This work compares changes in the enteric nervous system (ENS) of commonly used mouse models of PD that exhibit central neuropathy and a gut phenotype. Enteric neuropathy was assessed in five mouse models: peripheral injection of MPTP; intracerebral injection of 6-OHDA; oral rotenone; and mice transgenic for A53T variant human α-synuclein with and without rotenone. Changes in the ENS of the colon were quantified using pan-neuronal marker, Hu, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and were correlated with GI function. MPTP had no effect on the number of Hu+ neurons but was associated with an increase in Hu+ nuclear translocation (P < 0.04). 6-OHDA lesioned mice had significantly fewer Hu+ neurons/ganglion (P < 0.02) and a reduced proportion of nNOS+ neurons in colon (P < 0.001). A53T mice had significantly fewer Hu+ neurons/area (P < 0.001) and exhibited larger soma size (P < 0.03). Treatment with rotenone reduced the number of Hu+ cells/mm2 in WT mice (P < 0.006) and increased the proportion of Hu+ translocated cells in both WT (P < 0.02) and A53T mice (P < 0.04). All PD models exhibited a degree of enteric neuropathy, the extent and type of damage to the ENS, however, was dependent on the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M McQuade
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, Melbourne University, Sunshine, VIC, 3021, Australia.
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Sunshine, VIC, 3021, Australia.
- Digestive Physiology and Nutrition Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Lewis M Singleton
- Digestive Physiology and Nutrition Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Hongyi Wu
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Sophie Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Remy Constable
- Digestive Physiology and Nutrition Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Madeleine Di Natale
- Digestive Physiology and Nutrition Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Mitchell T Ringuet
- Digestive Physiology and Nutrition Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | | | - Jessica Kauhausen
- Stem Cells and Neural Development Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Clare L Parish
- Stem Cells and Neural Development Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - David I Finkelstein
- Parkinson's Disease Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - John B Furness
- Digestive Physiology and Nutrition Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Shanti Diwakarla
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, Melbourne University, Sunshine, VIC, 3021, Australia
- Digestive Physiology and Nutrition Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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Tabashum T, Zaffer A, Yousefzai R, Colletta K, Jost MB, Park Y, Chawla J, Gaynes B, Albert MV, Xiao T. Detection of Parkinson's Disease Through Automated Pupil Tracking of the Post-illumination Pupillary Response. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:645293. [PMID: 33842509 PMCID: PMC8026862 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.645293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, but it is often diagnosed after the majority of dopaminergic cells are already damaged. It is critical to develop biomarkers to identify the disease as early as possible for early intervention. PD patients appear to have an altered pupillary response consistent with an abnormality in photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells. Tracking the pupil size manually is a tedious process and offline automated systems can be prone to errors that may require intervention; for this reason in this work we describe a system for pupil size estimation with a user interface to allow rapid adjustment of parameters and extraction of pupil parameters of interest for the present study. We implemented a user-friendly system designed for clinicians to automate the process of tracking the pupil diameter to measure the post-illumination pupillary response (PIPR), permit manual corrections when needed, and continue automation after correction. Tracking was automated using a Kalman filter estimating the pupil center and diameter over time. The resulting system was tested on a PD classification task in which PD subjects are known to have similar responses for two wavelengths of light. The pupillary response is measured in the contralateral eye to two different light stimuli (470 and 610 nm) for 19 PD and 10 control subjects. The measured Net PIPR indicating different responsiveness to the wavelengths was 0.13 mm for PD subjects and 0.61 mm for control subjects, demonstrating a highly significant difference (p < 0.001). Net PIPR has the potential to be a biomarker for PD, suggesting further study to determine clinical validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thasina Tabashum
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Adnaan Zaffer
- Edward Hines Jr. VA Medical Center, Hines, IL, United States
| | - Raman Yousefzai
- Edward Hines Jr. VA Medical Center, Hines, IL, United States
| | - Kalea Colletta
- Edward Hines Jr. VA Medical Center, Hines, IL, United States
| | - Mary Beth Jost
- Edward Hines Jr. VA Medical Center, Hines, IL, United States
| | - Youngsook Park
- Edward Hines Jr. VA Medical Center, Hines, IL, United States
| | | | - Bruce Gaynes
- Edward Hines Jr. VA Medical Center, Hines, IL, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Mark V Albert
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Ting Xiao
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
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Merhi R, Kalyn M, Zhu-Pawlowsky A, Ekker M. Loss of parla Function Results in Inactivity, Olfactory Impairment, and Dopamine Neuron Loss in Zebrafish. Biomedicines 2021; 9:205. [PMID: 33670667 PMCID: PMC7922472 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The presenilin-associated rhomboid-like (PARL) gene was found to contribute to mitochondrial morphology and function and was linked to familial Parkinson's disease (PD). The PARL gene product is a mitochondrial intramembrane cleaving protease that acts on a number of mitochondrial proteins involved in mitochondrial morphology, apoptosis, and mitophagy. To date, functional and genetic studies of PARL have been mainly performed in mammals. However, little is known about PARL function and its role in dopaminergic (DA) neuron development in vertebrates. The zebrafish genome comprises two PARL paralogs: parla and parlb. Here, we established a loss-of-function mutation in parla via CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis. We examined DA neuron numbers in the adult brain and expression of genes associated with DA neuron function in larvae and adults. We show that loss of parla function results in loss of DA neurons, mainly in the olfactory bulb. Changes in the levels of tyrosine hydroxylase transcripts supported this neuronal loss. Expression of fis1, a gene involved in mitochondrial fission, was increased in parla mutants. Finally, we showed that loss of parla function translates into impaired olfaction and altered locomotion parameters. These results suggest a role for parla in the development and/or maintenance of DA neuron function in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marc Ekker
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (R.M.); (M.K.); (A.Z.-P.)
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20
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Detection of Phosphorylated Alpha-Synuclein in the Muscularis Propria of the Gastrointestinal Tract Is a Sensitive Predictor for Parkinson's Disease. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2020; 2020:4687530. [PMID: 33029342 PMCID: PMC7530470 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4687530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and nonmotor impairments, including constipation. Lewy bodies and neurites, the pathological hallmarks of PD, are found in the enteric nervous system (ENS) as well as the central nervous system. Constipation is a well-documented premotor symptom in PD, and recent reports have demonstrated Lewy pathology in gastrointestinal (GI) tissues of PD patients prior to the onset of motor symptoms. Objective In the present study, we assessed Lewy pathology in the GI tracts of seven PD patients who had undergone a gastrectomy, gastric polypectomy, or colonic polypectomy prior to the onset of motor symptoms in order to assess whether the presence of pathological αSyn in the ENS could be a predictor for PD. Methods GI tissue samples were collected from control patients and patients with premotor PD. Immunohistochemistry was performed using primary antibodies against α-synuclein (αSyn) and phosphorylated αSyn (pαSyn), after which Lewy pathology in each sample was assessed. Results In all control and premotor PD patients, accumulation of αSyn was observed in the myenteric plexus in both the stomach and colon. In 82% (18/22) of control patients, mild-to-moderate accumulation of αSyn was observed in the submucosal plexus. However, there was no deposition of pαSyn in the ENS of control patients. In patients with premotor PD, abundant accumulation of αSyn was observed in the myenteric plexus, similar to control patients. On the other hand, pαSyn-positive aggregates were also observed in the nerve fibers in the muscularis propria in all examined patients with premotor PD (100%, 3/3), while the deposition of pαSyn in the submucosal plexus was only observed in one patient (14%, 1/7). Conclusion Our results suggest that the detection of pαSyn, but not αSyn, especially in the muscularis propria of GI tracts, could be a sensitive prodromal biomarker for PD.
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Tavitian A, Cressatti M, Song W, Turk AZ, Galindez C, Smart A, Liberman A, Schipper HM. Strategic Timing of Glial HMOX1 Expression Results in Either Schizophrenia-Like or Parkinsonian Behavior in Mice. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:1259-1272. [PMID: 31847534 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aims: In this original research communication, we assess the impact of shifting the window of glial HMOX1 overexpression in mice from early-to-midlife to mid-to-late life, resulting in two disparate conditions modeling schizophrenia (SCZ) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Mesolimbic hyperdopaminergia is a widely accepted feature of SCZ, while nigrostriatal hypodopaminergia is the sine qua non of idiopathic PD. Although the advent of parkinsonian features in SCZ patients after treatment with antidopaminergic agents is intuitive, subtle features of parkinsonism commonly observed in young, drug-naïve schizophrenics are not. Similarly, emergent psychosis in PD subjects receiving levodopa replacement is not unusual, whereas spontaneous hallucinosis in nonmedicated persons with idiopathic PD is enigmatic. Investigations using GFAP.HMOX1 mice may shed light on these clinical paradoxes. Results: Astroglial heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) overexpression in mice throughout embryogenesis until 6 or 12 months of age resulted in hyperdopaminergia, hyperkinesia/stereotypy ameliorated with clozapine, deficient prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response, reduced preference for social novelty, impaired nest building, and cognitive dysfunction reminiscent of SCZ. On the contrary, astroglial HO-1 overexpression between 8.5 and 19 months of age yielded a PD-like behavioral phenotype with hypodopaminergia, altered gait, locomotor incoordination, and reduced olfaction. Innovation: We conjecture that region-specific disparities in the susceptibility of dopaminergic and other circuitry to the trophic and degenerative influences of glial HMOX1 induction may permit the concomitant expression of mixed SCZ and PD traits within affected individuals. Conclusion: Elucidation of these converging mechanisms may (i) help better understand disease pathogenesis and (ii) identify HO-1 as a potential therapeutic target in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayda Tavitian
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marisa Cressatti
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Wei Song
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ariana Z Turk
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Carmela Galindez
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Adam Smart
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Adrienne Liberman
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Hyman M Schipper
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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22
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Trifonova OP, Maslov DL, Balashova EE, Urazgildeeva GR, Abaimov DA, Fedotova EY, Poleschuk VV, Illarioshkin SN, Lokhov PG. Parkinson's Disease: Available Clinical and Promising Omics Tests for Diagnostics, Disease Risk Assessment, and Pharmacotherapy Personalization. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E339. [PMID: 32466249 PMCID: PMC7277996 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10050339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disease, representing a significant medical and socio-economic problem. Modern medicine still has no answer to the question of why Parkinson's disease develops and whether it is possible to develop an effective system of prevention. Therefore, active work is currently underway to find ways to assess the risks of the disease, as well as a means to extend the life of patients and improve its quality. Modern studies aim to create a method of assessing the risk of occurrence of Parkinson's disease (PD), to search for the specific ways of correction of biochemical disorders occurring in the prodromal stage of Parkinson's disease, and to personalize approaches to antiparkinsonian pharmacotherapy. In this review, we summarized all available clinically approved tests and techniques for PD diagnostics. Then, we reviewed major improvements and recent advancements in genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics studies and application of metabolomics in PD research, and discussed the major metabolomics findings for diagnostics and therapy of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana P. Trifonova
- Laboratory of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics diagnostics, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 building 8, Pogodinskaya street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (D.L.M.); (E.E.B.); (P.G.L.)
| | - Dmitri L. Maslov
- Laboratory of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics diagnostics, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 building 8, Pogodinskaya street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (D.L.M.); (E.E.B.); (P.G.L.)
| | - Elena E. Balashova
- Laboratory of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics diagnostics, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 building 8, Pogodinskaya street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (D.L.M.); (E.E.B.); (P.G.L.)
| | - Guzel R. Urazgildeeva
- 5th Neurological Department (Department of Neurogenetics), Research Centre of Neurology, Volokolamskoe shosse, 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (G.R.U.); (D.A.A.); (E.Y.F.); (V.V.P.); (S.N.I.)
| | - Denis A. Abaimov
- 5th Neurological Department (Department of Neurogenetics), Research Centre of Neurology, Volokolamskoe shosse, 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (G.R.U.); (D.A.A.); (E.Y.F.); (V.V.P.); (S.N.I.)
| | - Ekaterina Yu. Fedotova
- 5th Neurological Department (Department of Neurogenetics), Research Centre of Neurology, Volokolamskoe shosse, 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (G.R.U.); (D.A.A.); (E.Y.F.); (V.V.P.); (S.N.I.)
| | - Vsevolod V. Poleschuk
- 5th Neurological Department (Department of Neurogenetics), Research Centre of Neurology, Volokolamskoe shosse, 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (G.R.U.); (D.A.A.); (E.Y.F.); (V.V.P.); (S.N.I.)
| | - Sergey N. Illarioshkin
- 5th Neurological Department (Department of Neurogenetics), Research Centre of Neurology, Volokolamskoe shosse, 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (G.R.U.); (D.A.A.); (E.Y.F.); (V.V.P.); (S.N.I.)
| | - Petr G. Lokhov
- Laboratory of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics diagnostics, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 building 8, Pogodinskaya street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (D.L.M.); (E.E.B.); (P.G.L.)
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23
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Kim S, Lee M, Choi YK. The Role of a Neurovascular Signaling Pathway Involving Hypoxia-Inducible Factor and Notch in the Function of the Central Nervous System. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2020; 28:45-57. [PMID: 31484285 PMCID: PMC6939687 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2019.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the neurovascular unit, the neuronal and vascular systems communicate with each other. O2 and nutrients, reaching endothelial cells (ECs) through the blood stream, spread into neighboring cells, such as neural stem cells, and neurons. The proper function of neural circuits in adults requires sufficient O2 and glucose for their metabolic demands through angiogenesis. In a central nervous system (CNS) injury, such as glioma, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease, damaged ECs can contribute to tissue hypoxia and to the consequent disruption of neuronal functions and accelerated neurodegeneration. This review discusses the current evidence regarding the contribution of oxygen deprivation to CNS injury, with an emphasis on hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-mediated pathways and Notch signaling. Additionally, it focuses on adult neurological functions and angiogenesis, as well as pathological conditions in the CNS. Furthermore, the functional interplay between HIFs and Notch is demonstrated in pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghee Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjae Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Choi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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24
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Cressatti M, Juwara L, Galindez JM, Velly AM, Nkurunziza ES, Marier S, Canie O, Gornistky M, Schipper HM. Salivary microR‐153 and microR‐223 Levels as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers of Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2019; 35:468-477. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.27935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Cressatti
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical ResearchJewish General Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Lamin Juwara
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical ResearchJewish General Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of Quantitative Life SciencesMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Julia M. Galindez
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical ResearchJewish General Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Ana M. Velly
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical ResearchJewish General Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of DentistryJewish General Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
- Faculty of DentistryMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Eva S. Nkurunziza
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical ResearchJewish General Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Sara Marier
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical ResearchJewish General Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Olivia Canie
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical ResearchJewish General Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Mervyn Gornistky
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical ResearchJewish General Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of DentistryJewish General Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
- Faculty of DentistryMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Hyman M. Schipper
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical ResearchJewish General Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
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25
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Medeiros DDC, Lopes Aguiar C, Moraes MFD, Fisone G. Sleep Disorders in Rodent Models of Parkinson's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1414. [PMID: 31827439 PMCID: PMC6892229 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disorders are frequently diagnosed in Parkinson's disease and manifested in the prodromal and advanced stages of the disease. These conditions, which in some cases affect more than 50% of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, include hypersomnia, often manifested as excessive daytime sleepiness, insomnia, characterized by delayed initiation and fragmentation of sleep at night, and disruption of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, resulting in loss of atonia and dream enactment. Standard dopamine replacement therapies for the treatment of motor symptoms are generally inadequate to combat sleep abnormalities, which seriously affect the quality of life of PD patients. Rodent models still represent a major tool for the study of many aspects of PD. They have been primarily designed to eliminate midbrain dopamine neurons and elicit motor impairment, which are the traditional pathological features of PD. However, rodent models are increasingly employed to investigate non-motor symptoms, which are often caused by degenerative processes affecting multiple monoaminergic and peptidergic structures. This review describes how neurotoxic and genetic manipulations of rats and mice have been utilized to reproduce some of the major sleep disturbances associated with PD and to what extent these abnormalities can be linked to nondopaminergic dysfunction, affecting for instance noradrenaline, serotonin, and orexin transmission. Strengths and limitations are discussed, as well as the consistency of results obtained so far, and the need for models that better reproduce the multisystemic neurodegenerative nature of PD, thereby allowing to replicate the complex etiology of sleep-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel de Castro Medeiros
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cleiton Lopes Aguiar
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Márcio Flávio Dutra Moraes
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fisone
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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26
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Zhan Y, Raza MU, Yuan L, Zhu MY. Critical Role of Oxidatively Damaged DNA in Selective Noradrenergic Vulnerability. Neuroscience 2019; 422:184-201. [PMID: 31698021 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An important pathology in Parkinson's disease (PD) is the earlier and more severe degeneration of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) than dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. However, the basis of such selective vulnerability to insults remains obscure. Using noradrenergic and dopaminergic cell lines, as well as primary neuronal cultures from rat LC and ventral mesencephalon (VM), the present study compared oxidative DNA damage response markers after exposure of these cells to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The results showed that H2O2 treatment resulted in more severe cell death in noradrenergic cell lines SK-N-BE(2)-M17 and PC12 than dopaminergic MN9D cells. Furthermore, there were higher levels of oxidative DNA damage response markers in noradrenergic cells and primary neuronal cultures from the LC than dopaminergic cells and primary cultures from the VM. It included increased tail moments and tail lengths in Comet assay, and increased protein levels of phosphor-p53 and γ-H2AX after treatments with H2O2. Consistent with these measurements, exposure of SK-N-BE(2)-M17 cells to H2O2 resulted in higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Further experiments showed that exposure of SK-N-BE(2)-M17 cells to H2O2 caused an increased level of noradrenergic transporter, reduced protein levels of copper transporter (Ctr1) and 8-oxoGua DNA glycosylase, as well as amplified levels of Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 expression. Taken together, these experiments indicated that noradrenergic neuronal cells seem to be more vulnerable to oxidative damage than dopaminergic neurons, which may be related to the intrinsic characteristics of noradrenergic neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiang Zhan
- Department of Neurology, Remin Hospital of the Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad U Raza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Lian Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Meng-Yang Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.
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27
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Dan X, Liu J, Doyon J, Zhou Y, Ma J, Chan P. Impaired Fine Motor Function of the Asymptomatic Hand in Unilateral Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:266. [PMID: 31636557 PMCID: PMC6787142 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The early detection of Parkinson's disease (PD) still remains a challenge to date. Although studies have previously reported subtle motor function abnormalities in early PD patients, it is unclear whether such clinical signs can be better detected while patients are concurrently performing a cognitive task, and whether they can be useful in predicting patients' clinical conversion state. Seventy-two right-handed participants (40 drug-naive patients with idiopathic unilateral PD and 32 age-matched healthy controls) were enrolled in this study. All participants were asked to perform the Purdue Pegboard test (PPT) either alone (single-task condition) or during a concurrent mental subtraction-by-3 task (dual-task condition). A 4-year telephone follow-up was later conducted to determine whether PD patients converted to bilateral signs. We found that PD patients showed a significant reduction in dexterity on the PPT compared to the controls in both single- and dual-task conditions. Yet patients' performance in the dual-task condition revealed a greater interference effect when patients performed the task with their right hand than with their left hand. PPT also revealed reasonable discriminative ability for prediagnosing PD. However, dual-tasking did not have added value in differentiating early patients and controls. At follow-up, the baseline PPT performance of the asymptomatic hands was positively correlated with time to convert from unilaterally to bilaterally affected states (r = 0.62, P = 0.031). Together, these findings suggest that PPT can serve as a useful auxiliary tool in evaluating early PD, and shed light on the neuroplasticity mechanism of fine motor deficit at this very early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Dan
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory on Neurodegenerative Disorders of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory on Parkinson's Disease of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Julien Doyon
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yongtao Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory on Neurodegenerative Disorders of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory on Parkinson's Disease of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghong Ma
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory on Neurodegenerative Disorders of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory on Parkinson's Disease of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Piu Chan
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory on Neurodegenerative Disorders of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory on Parkinson's Disease of Beijing, Beijing, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Parkinson's Disease Center, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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28
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Jellinger KA. Animal models of synucleinopathies and how they could impact future drug discovery and delivery efforts. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:969-982. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1638908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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29
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Jellinger KA. Neuropathology and pathogenesis of extrapyramidal movement disorders: a critical update-I. Hypokinetic-rigid movement disorders. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:933-995. [PMID: 31214855 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02028-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extrapyramidal movement disorders include hypokinetic rigid and hyperkinetic or mixed forms, most of them originating from dysfunction of the basal ganglia (BG) and their information circuits. The functional anatomy of the BG, the cortico-BG-thalamocortical, and BG-cerebellar circuit connections are briefly reviewed. Pathophysiologic classification of extrapyramidal movement disorder mechanisms distinguish (1) parkinsonian syndromes, (2) chorea and related syndromes, (3) dystonias, (4) myoclonic syndromes, (5) ballism, (6) tics, and (7) tremor syndromes. Recent genetic and molecular-biologic classifications distinguish (1) synucleinopathies (Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson's disease-dementia, and multiple system atrophy); (2) tauopathies (progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, FTLD-17; Guamian Parkinson-dementia; Pick's disease, and others); (3) polyglutamine disorders (Huntington's disease and related disorders); (4) pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration; (5) Wilson's disease; and (6) other hereditary neurodegenerations without hitherto detected genetic or specific markers. The diversity of phenotypes is related to the deposition of pathologic proteins in distinct cell populations, causing neurodegeneration due to genetic and environmental factors, but there is frequent overlap between various disorders. Their etiopathogenesis is still poorly understood, but is suggested to result from an interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Multiple etiologies and noxious factors (protein mishandling, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, energy failure, and chronic neuroinflammation) are more likely than a single factor. Current clinical consensus criteria have increased the diagnostic accuracy of most neurodegenerative movement disorders, but for their definite diagnosis, histopathological confirmation is required. We present a timely overview of the neuropathology and pathogenesis of the major extrapyramidal movement disorders in two parts, the first one dedicated to hypokinetic-rigid forms and the second to hyperkinetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt A Jellinger
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Alberichgasse 5/13, 1150, Vienna, Austria.
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30
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Ryan M, Eatmon CV, Slevin JT. Drug treatment strategies for depression in Parkinson disease. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019; 20:1351-1363. [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2019.1612877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melody Ryan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Courtney V. Eatmon
- Mental Health Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Lexington Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - John T. Slevin
- Departments of Neurology and Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
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31
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Niethammer M, Eidelberg D. Network Imaging in Parkinsonian and Other Movement Disorders: Network Dysfunction and Clinical Correlates. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 144:143-184. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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32
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The sinister face of heme oxygenase-1 in brain aging and disease. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 172:40-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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33
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative condition associated with tremor, rigidity, dementia, and gastrointestinal symptoms such as constipation, nausea and vomiting. The pathological hallmarks of PD are Lewy bodies and neurites in the brain and peripheral nerves. The major constituent of Lewy bodies is the neuronal protein α-synuclein. Misfolding of α-synuclein confers prion-like properties enabling its spread from cell to cell. Misfolded α-synuclein also serves as a template and induces misfolding of endogenous α-synuclein in recipient cells leading to the formation of oligomers that progress to fibrils and eventually Lewy bodies. Accumulating evidence suggests that PD may arise in the gut. Clinically, gastrointestinal symptoms often appear in patients before other neurological signs and aggregates of α-synuclein have been found in enteric nerves of PD patients. Importantly, patients undergoing vagotomy have a reduced risk of developing PD. Experimentally, abnormal forms of α-synuclein appear in enteric nerves before they appear in the brain and injection of abnormal α-synuclein into the wall of the intestine spreads to the vagus nerve. Ingested toxins and alterations in gut microbiota can induce α-synuclein aggregation and PD, however, it is not known how PD starts. Recently, it has been shown that sensory cells of the gut known as enteroendocrine cells (EECs) contain α-synuclein and synapse with enteric nerves, thus providing a connection from the gut to the brain. It is possible that abnormal α-synuclein first develops in EECs and spreads to the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodger A Liddle
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center and Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
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34
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Song W, Kothari V, Velly AM, Cressatti M, Liberman A, Gornitsky M, Schipper HM. Evaluation of salivary heme oxygenase-1 as a potential biomarker of early Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2018; 33:583-591. [PMID: 29488275 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS To date, there are no chemical analytes, including biochemical indices of oxidative stress, metabolites of α-synuclein protein, and differential protein expression patterns on proteomic profiling, for use in clinics as a diagnostic biomarker of idiopathic PD. OBJECTIVES Heme oxygenase-1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. The objective of this study is to ascertain whether salivary heme oxygenase-1 may serve as a biomarker for early idiopathic PD. METHODS Fifty-eight PD patients and 59 non-neurological disease controls were recruited. Levels of heme oxygenase-1 expression were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot analysis of whole, unstimulated saliva. Analyses were adjusted by sex, l-dopa exposure, and relevant comorbidities. RESULTS We documented: (1) the presence of 32-kDa heme oxygenase-1 protein in human saliva; (2) significantly higher mean heme oxygenase-1 protein concentrations in saliva of PD patients relative to control values; (3) no variability in salivary heme oxygenase-1 levels with sex, age, l-dopa equivalence, or comorbidities; and (4) significantly higher mean salivary heme oxygenase-1 concentrations in patients with H & Y stage 1 PD (early) than control subjects and stage 2 and stage 3 PD patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve that separated controls from PD H & Y stage 1 was 76% (95% confidence interval: 63-90). CONCLUSIONS Salivary heme oxygenase-1 concentrations may provide a useful, noninvasive, and relatively inexpensive biomarker of early idiopathic PD. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vimal Kothari
- Department of Dentistry, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ana M Velly
- Department of Dentistry, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marisa Cressatti
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Adrienne Liberman
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mervyn Gornitsky
- Department of Dentistry, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hyman M Schipper
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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35
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Gangliosides, α-Synuclein, and Parkinson's Disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 156:435-454. [PMID: 29747823 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This review addresses the role of α-synuclein (αSyn) in the etiopathology of Parkinson's disease (PD), with emphasis on its interaction with GM1 ganglioside. We begin with a brief review of some of the milestone discoveries that helped to elucidate PD neuropathology, including the fibrous inclusions of Lewy that characterize the degenerating dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra and the presence of αSyn as a major constituent of these Lewy bodies and neurites. This enabled Braak et al. to define the progressive nature of PD in developing their staging hypothesis which described the topographically predictable sequence of neuropathological changes giving rise to prodromal nonmotor symptoms that precede the classical motor dysfunctions. We recount recent studies demonstrating strong, specific binding of αSyn to GM1 that serves to inhibit fibril formation and the key role of N-acetylation of αSyn in enhancing GM1 binding and specificity. The consequences of insufficient GM1 are illustrated in a newly presented mouse model of PD based on partial deletion of this ganglioside due to heterologous disruption of B4galnt1 (GM2/GD2 synthase), such mice presenting accurate recapitulation of the PD phenotype. A key feature of these mice was marked elevation of αSyn aggregates which accompanied motor impairment, both aggregates and motor dysfunction being corrected by GM1 replacement therapy. Such therapy was achieved with high dosage of GM1 and more effectively with lower doses of LIGA20, a membrane permeable analog of GM1. The accuracy of this mouse model was emphasized by the finding that various central nervous system and noncentral nervous system tissues from PD patients manifested similar GM1 deficiency as the B4galnt1+/- mouse. A mechanism is proposed whereby the GM1 deficiency detected in PD patients gives rise to αSyn aggregation and facilitation by the latter in blocking glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor neuroprotection.
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Abstract
This review begins by attempting to recount some of the pioneering discoveries that first identified the presence of gangliosides in the nervous system, their structures and topography. This is presented as prelude to the current emphasis on physiological function, about which much has been learned but still remains to be elucidated. These areas include ganglioside roles in nervous system development including stem cell biology, membranes and organelles within neurons and glia, ion transport mechanisms, receptor modulation including neurotrophic factor receptors, and importantly the pathophysiological role of ganglioside aberrations in neurodegenerative disorders. This relates to their potential as therapeutic agents, especially in those conditions characterized by deficiency of one or more specific gangliosides. Finally we attempt to speculate on future directions ganglioside research is likely to take so as to capitalize on the impressive progress to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ledeen
- Division of Neurochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
| | - Gusheng Wu
- Division of Neurochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
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Obeso J, Stamelou M, Goetz C, Poewe W, Lang A, Weintraub D, Burn D, Halliday G, Bezard E, Przedborski S, Lehericy S, Brooks D, Rothwell J, Hallett M, DeLong M, Marras C, Tanner C, Ross G, Langston J, Klein C, Bonifati V, Jankovic J, Lozano A, Deuschl G, Bergman H, Tolosa E, Rodriguez-Violante M, Fahn S, Postuma R, Berg D, Marek K, Standaert D, Surmeier D, Olanow C, Kordower J, Calabresi P, Schapira A, Stoessl A. Past, present, and future of Parkinson's disease: A special essay on the 200th Anniversary of the Shaking Palsy. Mov Disord 2017; 32:1264-1310. [PMID: 28887905 PMCID: PMC5685546 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 498] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews and summarizes 200 years of Parkinson's disease. It comprises a relevant history of Dr. James Parkinson's himself and what he described accurately and what he missed from today's perspective. Parkinson's disease today is understood as a multietiological condition with uncertain etiopathogenesis. Many advances have occurred regarding pathophysiology and symptomatic treatments, but critically important issues are still pending resolution. Among the latter, the need to modify disease progression is undoubtedly a priority. In sum, this multiple-author article, prepared to commemorate the bicentenary of the shaking palsy, provides a historical state-of-the-art account of what has been achieved, the current situation, and how to progress toward resolving Parkinson's disease. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.A. Obeso
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Mostoles, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Stamelou
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
- Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Department, HYGEIA Hospital and Attikon Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - C.G. Goetz
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - W. Poewe
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A.E. Lang
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson’s Disease, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - D. Weintraub
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Parkinson’s Disease and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centers (PADRECC and MIRECC), Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - D. Burn
- Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - G.M. Halliday
- Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales and Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - E. Bezard
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France
- China Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Lab Animal Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - S. Przedborski
- Departments of Neurology, Pathology, and Cell Biology, the Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - S. Lehericy
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière – ICM, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche – CENIR, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
- Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - D.J. Brooks
- Clinical Sciences Department, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J.C. Rothwell
- Human Neurophysiology, Sobell Department, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - M. Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - M.R. DeLong
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - C. Marras
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson’s disease, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - C.M. Tanner
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Center, Department of Neurology, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Parkinson’s Disease Research, Education and Clinical Center, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - G.W. Ross
- Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | | | - C. Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - V. Bonifati
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. Jankovic
- Parkinson’s Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - A.M. Lozano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - G. Deuschl
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - H. Bergman
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Jerusalem, Israel
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - E. Tolosa
- Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Institut Clínic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Rodriguez-Violante
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Clinical Neurodegenerative Research Unit, Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S. Fahn
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - R.B. Postuma
- Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - D. Berg
- Klinikfür Neurologie, UKSH, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel, Germany
| | - K. Marek
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - D.G. Standaert
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - D.J. Surmeier
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - C.W. Olanow
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - J.H. Kordower
- Research Center for Brain Repair, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - P. Calabresi
- Neurological Clinic, Department of Medicine, Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - A.H.V. Schapira
- University Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - A.J. Stoessl
- Pacific Parkinson’s Research Centre, Division of Neurology & Djavadf Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
- Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Jellinger KA. Neuropathology of Nonmotor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 133:13-62. [PMID: 28802920 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), a multiorgan neurodegenerative disorder associated with α-synuclein deposits throughout the nervous system and many organs, is clinically characterized by motor and nonmotor features, many of the latter antedating motor dysfunctions by 20 or more years. The causes of the nonmotor manifestations such as olfactory, autonomic, sensory, neuropsychiatric, visuospatial, sleep, and other disorders are unlikely to be related to single lesions. They are mediated by the involvement of both dopaminergic and nondopaminergic systems, and diverse structures outside the nigrostriatal system that is mainly responsible for the motor features of PD. The nonmotor alterations appear in early/prodromal stages of the disease and its further progression, suggesting a topographical and chronological spread of the lesions. This lends further support for the notion that PD is a multiorgan proteinopathy, although the exact relationship between presymptomatic and later developing nonmotor features of PD and neuropathology awaits further elucidation.
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Martinez-Martin P, Rodriguez-Blazquez C, Forjaz MJ, Kurtis MM, Skorvanek M. Measurement of Nonmotor Symptoms in Clinical Practice. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 133:291-345. [PMID: 28802923 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nonmotor symptoms constitute a prominent part of Parkinson's disease manifestations. They are present since the first phases of the disease, increase their number and severity with disease progression, and importantly impact on patients' health and quality of life, caregivers' burden, and social resources. Research on Parkinson's disease has traditionally focused on the motor aspects of the disease, but an increasing interest in the nonmotor manifestations has risen in the past decade. The availability of assessment instruments for detecting and measuring these symptoms has allowed understanding of their importance and course over time, as well as estimation of therapeutic effects on them. In this chapter, a review of the basic characteristics of nonmotor symptom assessments used in clinical practice and research are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Martinez-Martin
- National Center of Epidemiology and CIBERNED, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Maria João Forjaz
- National School of Public Health and REDISSEC, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Monica M Kurtis
- Movement Disorders Unit, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matej Skorvanek
- P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia; University Hospital of L. Pasteur, Kosice, Slovakia
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Li W, Wu X, Hu X, Wang T, Liang S, Duan Y, Jin F, Qin B. Structural changes of gut microbiota in Parkinson’s disease and its correlation with clinical features. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2017; 60:1223-1233. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-9001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Pillai JA, Leverenz JB. Sleep and Neurodegeneration: A Critical Appraisal. Chest 2017; 151:1375-1386. [PMID: 28087304 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep abnormalities are clearly recognized as a distinct clinical symptom of concern in neurodegenerative disorders. Appropriate management of sleep-related symptoms has a positive impact on quality of life in patients with neurodegenerative disorders. This review provides an overview of mechanisms that are currently being considered that tie sleep with neurodegeneration. It appraises the literature regarding specific sleep changes seen in common neurodegenerative diseases, with a focus on Alzheimer disease and synucleinopathies (ie, Parkinson disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple system atrophy), that have been better studied. Sleep changes may also serve as markers to identify patients in the preclinical stage of some neurodegenerative disorders. A hypothetical model is postulated founded on the conjecture that specific sleep abnormalities, when noted to increase in severity beyond that expected for age, could be a surrogate marker reflecting pathophysiological processes related to neurodegenerative disorders. This provides a clinical strategy for screening patients in the preclinical stages of neurodegenerative disorders to enable therapeutic trials to establish the efficacy of neuroprotective agents to prevent or delay the development of symptoms and functional decline. It is unclear if sleep disturbance directly impacts neurodegenerative processes or is a secondary outcome of neurodegeneration; this is an active area of research. The clinical importance of recognizing and managing sleep changes in neurodegenerative disorders is beyond doubt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagan A Pillai
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Neurological Institute, and Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
| | - James B Leverenz
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Neurological Institute, and Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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Braak H, Del Tredici K. Neuropathological Staging of Brain Pathology in Sporadic Parkinson's disease: Separating the Wheat from the Chaff. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2017; 7:S71-S85. [PMID: 28282810 PMCID: PMC5345633 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-179001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A relatively small number of especially susceptible nerve cell types within multiple neurotransmitter systems of the human central, peripheral, and enteric nervous systems (CNS, PNS, ENS) become involved in the degenerative process underlying sporadic Parkinson's disease (sPD). The six-stage model we proposed for brain pathology related to sPD (Neurobiol Aging 2003) was a retrospective study of incidental and clinically diagnosed cases performed on unconventionally thick tissue sections (100 μm) from a large number of brain regions.The staging model emphasized what we perceived to be a sequential development of increasing degrees of Lewy pathology in anatomically interconnected regions together with the loss of aminergic projection neurons in, but not limited to, the locus coeruleus and substantia nigra. The same weight was assigned to axonal and somatodendritic Lewy pathology, and the olfactory bulb was included for the first time in a sPD staging system. After years of research, it now appears that the earliest lesions could develop at nonnigral (dopamine agonist nonresponsive) sites, where the surrounding environment is potentially hostile: the olfactory bulb and, possibly, the ENS. The current lack of knowledge regarding the development of Lewy pathology within the peripheral autonomic nervous system, however, means that alternative extra-CNS sites of origin cannot be disregarded as possible candidates. The PD staging system not only caused controversy but contributed a framework for (1) assessing pathology in the spinal cord, ENS, and PNS in relationship to that evolving in the brain, (2) defining prodromal disease and cohorts of at-risk individuals, (3) developing potential prognostic biomarkers for very early disease, (4) testing novel hypotheses and experimental models of α-synuclein propagation and disease progression, and (5) finding causally-oriented therapies that intervene before the substantia nigra becomes involved. The identification of new disease mechanisms at the molecular and cellular levels indicates that physical contacts (transsynaptic) and transneuronal transmission between vulnerable nerve cells are somehow crucial to the pathogenesis of sPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Braak
- Correspondence to: Prof. Heiko Braak, M.D., Center for Biomedical Research, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany. Tel.: +49 731 500 63111; Fax: +49 731 500 63133; E-mail:
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Del Tredici K, Braak H. Review: Sporadic Parkinson's disease: development and distribution of α-synuclein pathology. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2016; 42:33-50. [PMID: 26662475 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of α-synuclein immunoreactive aggregates in selectively vulnerable neuronal types of the human central, peripheral, and enteric nervous systems is crucial for the pathogenesis of sporadic Parkinson's disease. The presence of these lesions persists into the end phase of the disease, a process that is not subject to remission. The initial induction of α-synuclein misfolding and subsequent aggregation probably occurs in the olfactory bulb and/or the enteric nervous system. Each of these sites is exposed to potentially hostile environmental factors. Once formed, the aggregates appear to be capable of propagating trans-synaptically from nerve cell to nerve cell in a virtually self-promoting pathological process. A regional distribution pattern of aggregated α-synuclein emerges that entails the involvement of only a few types of susceptible and axonally interconnected projection neurons within the human nervous system. One major route of disease progression may originate in the enteric nervous system and retrogradely reach the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagal nerve in the lower brainstem. From there, the disease process proceeds chiefly in a caudo-rostral direction through visceromotor and somatomotor brainstem centres to the midbrain, forebrain, and cerebral cortex. Spinal cord centres may become involved by means of descending projections from involved lower brainstem nuclei as well as by sympathetic projections connecting the enteric nervous system with postganglionic peripheral ganglia and preganglionic nuclei of the spinal cord. The development of experimental cellular and animal models is helping to explain the mechanisms of how abnormal α-synuclein can undergo aggregation and how transmission along axonal connectivities can occur, thereby encouraging the initiation of potential disease-modifying therapeutic strategies for sporadic Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Del Tredici
- Clinical Neuroanatomy Section, Department of Neurology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - H Braak
- Clinical Neuroanatomy Section, Department of Neurology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Wu YH, Lee WJ, Chen YH, Chang MH, Lin CH. Premotor Symptoms as Predictors of Outcome in Parkinsons Disease: A Case-Control Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161271. [PMID: 27533053 PMCID: PMC4988705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the association between the premotor symptoms and the prognosis of PD. Methods A total of 1213 patients who were diagnosed of PD from January 2001 to December 2008 were selected from the Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients were traced back to determine the presence of premotor symptoms, including rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD), depression, and constipation. Cox’s regression analysis was used to detect the risks between the occurrence of premotor symptoms and the outcome (including death, psychosis, accidental injury, dementia and aspiration pneumonia). In addition, the association between premotor symptoms and levodopa equivalent dosage (LED) was examined. Results Higher occurrence of death, dementia and aspiration pneumonia were identified in PD patients with premotor symptoms than without premotor symptoms (HR 1·69, 95% CI 1·34–2·14, p <0·001 for death; HR 1·63, 95% CI 1·20–2·22, p = 0·002 for dementia; HR 2·45, 95% CI 1·42–4·21, p = 0·001 for aspiration pneumonia). In a comorbidities-stratified analysis, PD patients with premotor symptoms showed significantly high risks of mortality and morbidity (dementia and aspiration pneumonia), especially in the absence of comorbidities. Independent predictors of mortality in PD were found to be higher age, male sex, constipation, RBD, RBD with constipation and depression, and diabetes. Furthermore, no significant differences of LED and subsequent accidental injury were noted between PD patient with or without premotor symptoms. Conclusion Premotor symptoms seem to be not merely risk factors, but also prognostic factors of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Wu
- Section of Neurology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ju Lee
- Section of Neurology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Huei Chen
- Department of Medical education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hong Chang
- Section of Neurology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (M-HC); (C-HL)
| | - Ching-Heng Lin
- Department of Medical education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (M-HC); (C-HL)
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Heinzel S, Roeben B, Ben-Shlomo Y, Lerche S, Alves G, Barone P, Behnke S, Berendse HW, Bloem BR, Burn D, Dodel R, Grosset DG, Hu M, Kasten M, Krüger R, Moccia M, Mollenhauer B, Oertel W, Suenkel U, Walter U, Wirdefeldt K, Liepelt-Scarfone I, Maetzler W, Berg D. Prodromal Markers in Parkinson's Disease: Limitations in Longitudinal Studies and Lessons Learned. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:147. [PMID: 27445791 PMCID: PMC4916171 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence supports a prodromal neurodegenerative process preceding the clinical onset of Parkinson's disease (PD). Studies have identified several different prodromal markers that may have the potential to predict the conversion from healthy to clinical PD but use considerably different approaches. We systematically reviewed 35 longitudinal studies reporting prodromal PD features and evaluated the methodological quality across 10 different predefined domains. We found limitations in the following domains: PD diagnosis (57% of studies), prodromal marker assessments (51%), temporal information on prodromal markers or PD diagnosis (34%), generalizability of results (17%), statistical methods (accounting for at least age as confounder; 17%), study design (14%), and sample size (9%). However, no limitations regarding drop-out (or bias investigation), or report of inclusion/exclusion criteria or prodromal marker associations were revealed. Lessons learned from these limitations and additional aspects of current prodromal marker studies in PD are discussed to provide a basis for the evaluation of findings and the improvement of future research in prodromal PD. The observed heterogeneity of studies, limitations and analyses might be addressed in future longitudinal studies using a, yet to be established, modular minimal set of assessments improving comparability of findings and enabling data sharing and combined analyses across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Heinzel
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of TübingenTübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of TübingenTübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Roeben
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of TübingenTübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of TübingenTübingen, Germany
| | - Yoav Ben-Shlomo
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol Bristol, UK
| | - Stefanie Lerche
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of TübingenTübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of TübingenTübingen, Germany
| | - Guido Alves
- Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders and Department of Neurology, Stavanger University Hospital Stavanger, Norway
| | - Paolo Barone
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine, University of Salerno Salerno, Italy
| | - Stefanie Behnke
- Department of Neurology, University of Homburg Homburg, Germany
| | - Henk W Berendse
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan R Bloem
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department of Neurology Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - David Burn
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Richard Dodel
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg Marburg, Germany
| | - Donald G Grosset
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital Glasgow, UK
| | - Michele Hu
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre and Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
| | - Meike Kasten
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine Belva, Luxembourg
| | - Marcello Moccia
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine, University of Salerno Salerno, Italy
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus-Elena-KlinikKassel, Germany; Department of Neuropathology, University Medical CenterGöttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Oertel
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Suenkel
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of TübingenTübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of TübingenTübingen, Germany
| | - Uwe Walter
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock Rostock, Germany
| | - Karin Wirdefeldt
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inga Liepelt-Scarfone
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of TübingenTübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of TübingenTübingen, Germany
| | - Walter Maetzler
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of TübingenTübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of TübingenTübingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of TübingenTübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of TübingenTübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-UniversityKiel, Germany
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Autonomic dysfunction in subjects at high risk for Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 2015; 262:2643-52. [PMID: 26530505 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-015-7888-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aim of this project was to evaluate autonomic dysfunction in subjects proposed to be at high risk to develop Parkinson's disease (PD) compared to control subjects and PD patients at different disease stages. Combinations of substantia nigra hyperechogenicity (SN+) assessed by transcranial ultrasound (TCS), hyposmia, lifetime prevalence of depression and mild PD-specific motor signs were used to identify subjects at high risk for motor Parkinson's disease (HR-PD). Supine and standing blood pressure (BP), hearth rate (HR), orthostatic, urinary, sexual and bowel symptoms were evaluated in HR-PD, healthy control subjects and PD patients, divided into mild and advanced stages. The study group consisted of 113 PD patients (mild PD n = 71, advanced PD, n = 42), 40 HR-PD individuals and 50 controls. Compared to controls, HR-PD subjects complained more often about urinary (p = 0.002) and bowel dysfunction (p = 0.001) and had a higher diastolic BP drop after standing (p = 0.01). The cumulative number of autonomic symptoms differentiated PD as well as HR-PD significantly from controls (p < 0.001). Advanced PD patients presented often and severe orthostatic symptoms, not significantly different from mild PD after concomitant medication correction. Our results support the presence of urinary and bowel dysfunction in subjects at high risk for motor PD. Presence and severity of orthostatic symptoms was higher during stages and increase in advanced stages, at least partly due to increase in dopaminergic and conflicting medication. Understanding the progression of non-motor aspects in PD might offer the possibility to use them as targets for disease-modifying therapies.
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Fedotova EY, Chechetkin AO, Abramycheva NY, Chigaleychik LA, Baziyan BK, Ponomareva ТА, Alexeeva NS, Fedin PA, Kravchenko MA, Varakin YY, Ivanova-Smolenskaya IA, Illarioshkin SN. [Identification of people at the latent stage of Parkinson's disease (the PARKINLAR study): first results and an optimization of the algorithm]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2015; 115:4-11. [PMID: 26356391 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2015115614-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To work out an optimal algorithm to identify people at the latent stage of neurodegenerative process of «parkinsonian» type in the Russian population. MATERIAL AND METHODS Authors launched a two-step study aimed at identifying people at the latent stage of Parkinson's disease (PD) in the Russian population - the PARKINLAR (PARKINsonism, LAtent stage, Russia). As the first step, we formed a group of «primary risk» by the identification in neurologically healthy people of at least one of the following confirmed PD risk factors: a) the substantia nigra hyperechogenicity (ultrasound screening was performed in 193 people); b) mutations in «parkinsonian» genes (genetic screening was performed in 29 relatives of PD patients from families with LRRK2, PARK2 and GBA mutations). Thereby, 37 people comprised the «primary risk» group, of whom 23 agreed to continue further examination (44±10.2 years). A matched group of people without the aforementioned primary biomarkers of PD served as control. As the second step, we undertook in the prescreened groups a complex of investigations assessing the presence of secondary («minor») biomarkers of PD: Sniffin' Sticks olfactory testing; color visual evoked potentials; analysis of goal-directed eye-head-hand movements with the use of a special neuro-cybernetic system; assessment of motor and non-motor symptoms with the use of UPDRS and NMSS scales. RESULTS When comparing the «primary risk» group with controls, maximal differences in the occurrence of symptoms were seen for goal-directed eye movements (43.5% vs. 20.0%) and color vision (39.1% vs. 26.7%). Among these individuals, we found two people with 4 secondary biomarkers and one with 3, and no such observations in controls. People with the combination of a primary biomarker with several secondary biomarkers of PD comprised a group of «high risk» in our study. CONCLUSION Optimization of this algorithm of population screening of people predisposed to the development of PD may be done by expanding the spectrum of biomarkers and assessing their validity in a long-term prospective observational study.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Yu Fedotova
- Research Center of Neurology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
| | - A O Chechetkin
- Research Center of Neurology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
| | - N Yu Abramycheva
- Research Center of Neurology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
| | - L A Chigaleychik
- Research Center of Neurology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
| | - B Kh Baziyan
- Research Center of Neurology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
| | - Т А Ponomareva
- Research Center of Neurology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
| | - N S Alexeeva
- Research Center of Neurology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
| | - P A Fedin
- Research Center of Neurology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
| | - M A Kravchenko
- Research Center of Neurology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
| | - Yu Ya Varakin
- Research Center of Neurology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
| | | | - S N Illarioshkin
- Research Center of Neurology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
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A concerted action of L- and T-type Ca2+ channels regulates locus coeruleus pacemaking. Mol Cell Neurosci 2015; 68:293-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Baig F, Lawton M, Rolinski M, Ruffmann C, Nithi K, Evetts SG, Fernandes HR, Ben-Shlomo Y, Hu MTM. Delineating nonmotor symptoms in early Parkinson's disease and first-degree relatives. Mov Disord 2015; 30:1759-66. [PMID: 26179331 PMCID: PMC5034839 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonmotor symptoms (NMS) are an important prodromal feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, their frequency, treatment rates, and impact on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in the early motor phase is unclear. Rates of NMS in enriched at‐risk populations, such as first‐degree PD relatives, have not been delineated. We assessed NMS in an early cohort of PD, first‐degree PD relatives and control subjects to address these questions. In total, 769 population‐ascertained PD subjects within 3.5 years of diagnosis, 98 first‐degree PD relatives, and 287 control subjects were assessed at baseline across the following NMS domains: (1) neuropsychiatric; (2) gastrointestinal; (3) sleep; (4) sensory; (5) autonomic; and (6) sexual. NMS were much more common in PD, compared to control subjects. More than half of the PD cases had hyposmia, pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance, or urinary dysfunction. NMS were more frequent in those with the postural instability gait difficulty phenotype, compared to the tremor dominant (mean total number of NMS 7.8 vs. 6.2; P < 0.001). PD cases had worse HRQoL scores than controls (odds ratio: 4.1; P < 0.001), with depression, anxiety, and pain being stronger drivers than motor scores. NMS were rarely treated in routine clinical practice. First‐degree PD relatives did not significantly differ in NMS, compared to controls, in this baseline study. NMS are common in early PD and more common in those with postural instability gait difficulty phenotype or on treatment. Despite their major impact on quality of life, NMS are usually under‐recognized and untreated. © 2015 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahd Baig
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Lawton
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Michal Rolinski
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Claudio Ruffmann
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kannan Nithi
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Neurology, Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust, Northampton, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel G Evetts
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hugo R Fernandes
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yoav Ben-Shlomo
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Michele T M Hu
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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