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Schejter‐Margalit T, Binyamin NB, Thaler A, Maidan I, Cedarbaum JM, Orr‐Urtreger A, Gana Weisz M, Goldstein O, Giladi N, Mirelman A, Kizony R. Validity of the Short Weekly Calendar Planning Activity in patients with Parkinson disease and nonmanifesting LRRK2 and GBA carriers. Eur J Neurol 2024; 31:e16327. [PMID: 38743695 PMCID: PMC11235808 DOI: 10.1111/ene.16327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Subtle executive dysfunction is common in people newly diagnosed with Parkinson disease (PD), even when general cognitive abilities are intact. This study examined the Short Weekly Calendar Planning Activity (WCPA-10)'s known-group construct validity, comparing persons with PD to healthy controls (HCs) and nonmanifesting carriers of LRRK2 and GBA gene mutations to HCs. Additionally, convergent and ecological validity was examined. METHODS The study included 73 participants: 22 with idiopathic PD (iPD) who do not carry any of the founder GBA mutations or LRRK2-G2019S, 29 nonmanifesting carriers of the G2019S-LRRK2 (n = 14) and GBA (n = 15) mutations, and 22 HCs. Known-group validity was determined using the WCPA-10, convergent validity by also using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Color Trails Test (CTT), and ecological validity by using the WCPA-10, Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living Scale (SE ADL), and Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE). RESULTS Known-group validity of the WCPA-10 was established for the iPD group only; they followed fewer rules (p = 0.020), were slower (p = 0.003) and less efficient (p = 0.001), used more strategies (p = 0.017) on the WCPA-10, and achieved significantly lower CTT scores (p < 0.001) than the HCs. The nonmanifesting carriers and HCs were similar on all cognitive tests. Convergent and ecological validity of the WCPA-10 were partially established, with few correlations between WCPA-10 outcome measures and the MoCA (r = 0.50, r = 0.41), CTT-2 (r = 0.43), SE ADL (r = 0.41), and PASE (r = 0.54, r = 0.46, r = 0.31). CONCLUSIONS This study affirms the known-group validity for most (four) WCPA-10 scores and partially confirms its convergent and ecological validity for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Schejter‐Margalit
- Laboratory for Early Markers of Neurodegeneration, Center for the Study of Movement, Cognition, and MobilityTel Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
- Occupational Therapy DepartmentUniversity of HaifaHaifaIsrael
| | | | - Avner Thaler
- Laboratory for Early Markers of Neurodegeneration, Center for the Study of Movement, Cognition, and MobilityTel Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
- Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of NeuroscienceTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Inbal Maidan
- Laboratory for Early Markers of Neurodegeneration, Center for the Study of Movement, Cognition, and MobilityTel Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
- Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of NeuroscienceTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Jesse M. Cedarbaum
- Yale University School of Medicine and Coeruleus Clinical SciencesWoodbridgeConnecticutUSA
| | - Avi Orr‐Urtreger
- Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of NeuroscienceTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- Genomic Research Laboratory for NeurodegenerationTel Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
| | - Mali Gana Weisz
- Genomic Research Laboratory for NeurodegenerationTel Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
| | - Orly Goldstein
- Genomic Research Laboratory for NeurodegenerationTel Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
| | - Nir Giladi
- Laboratory for Early Markers of Neurodegeneration, Center for the Study of Movement, Cognition, and MobilityTel Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
- Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of NeuroscienceTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Anat Mirelman
- Laboratory for Early Markers of Neurodegeneration, Center for the Study of Movement, Cognition, and MobilityTel Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
- Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of NeuroscienceTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Rachel Kizony
- Occupational Therapy DepartmentUniversity of HaifaHaifaIsrael
- Occupational TherapySheba Medical CenterTel HashomerIsrael
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2
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Droby A, Thaler A, Mirelman A. Imaging Markers in Genetic Forms of Parkinson's Disease. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1212. [PMID: 37626568 PMCID: PMC10452191 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13081212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor symptoms such as bradykinesia, rigidity, and resting tremor. While the majority of PD cases are sporadic, approximately 15-20% of cases have a genetic component. Advances in neuroimaging techniques have provided valuable insights into the pathophysiology of PD, including the different genetic forms of the disease. This literature review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding neuroimaging findings in genetic PD, focusing on the most prevalent known genetic forms: mutations in the GBA1, LRRK2, and Parkin genes. In this review, we will highlight the contributions of various neuroimaging modalities, including positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in elucidating the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and potentially identifying candidate biomarkers for genetic forms of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amgad Droby
- Laboratory for Early Markers of Neurodegeneration (LEMON), Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6801298, Israel; (A.T.); (A.M.)
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 39040, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 39040, Israel
| | - Avner Thaler
- Laboratory for Early Markers of Neurodegeneration (LEMON), Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6801298, Israel; (A.T.); (A.M.)
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 39040, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 39040, Israel
| | - Anat Mirelman
- Laboratory for Early Markers of Neurodegeneration (LEMON), Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6801298, Israel; (A.T.); (A.M.)
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 39040, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 39040, Israel
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3
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Taymans JM, Fell M, Greenamyre T, Hirst WD, Mamais A, Padmanabhan S, Peter I, Rideout H, Thaler A. Perspective on the current state of the LRRK2 field. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:104. [PMID: 37393318 PMCID: PMC10314919 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost 2 decades after linking LRRK2 to Parkinson's disease, a vibrant research field has developed around the study of this gene and its protein product. Recent studies have begun to elucidate molecular structures of LRRK2 and its complexes, and our understanding of LRRK2 has continued to grow, affirming decisions made years ago to therapeutically target this enzyme for PD. Markers of LRRK2 activity, with potential to monitor disease progression or treatment efficacy, are also under development. Interestingly, there is a growing understanding of the role of LRRK2 outside of the central nervous system in peripheral tissues such as gut and immune cells that may also contribute to LRRK2 mediated pathology. In this perspective, our goal is to take stock of LRRK2 research by discussing the current state of knowledge and critical open questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Taymans
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Matt Fell
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tim Greenamyre
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Suite 7039, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Warren D Hirst
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, Biogen, 115 Broadway, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Adamantios Mamais
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Shalini Padmanabhan
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, Grand Central Station, P.O. Box 4777, New York, NY, 10120, USA
| | - Inga Peter
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Hardy Rideout
- Centre for Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Avner Thaler
- Movement Disorders Unit and Laboratory of Early Markers of Neurodegeneration, Neurological Institute, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Faculty of medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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4
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Turski P, Chaberska I, Szukało P, Pyska P, Milanowski Ł, Szlufik S, Figura M, Hoffman-Zacharska D, Siuda J, Koziorowski D. Review of the epidemiology and variability of LRRK2 non-p.Gly2019Ser pathogenic mutations in Parkinson’s disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:971270. [PMID: 36203807 PMCID: PMC9530194 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.971270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a heterogenous neurodegenerative disorder. Genetic factors play a significant role, especially in early onset and familial cases. Mutations are usually found in the LRRK2 gene, but their importance varies. Some mutations, such as p.Arg1441Cys or other alterations in the 1441 codon, show clear correlation with PD, whereas others are risk factors found also in healthy populations or have neglectable consequences. They also exhibit various prevalence among different populations. The aim of this paper is to sum up the current knowledge regarding the epidemiology and pathogenicity of LRRK2 mutations, other than the well-established p.Gly2019Ser. We performed a review of the literature using PubMed database. 103 publications met our inclusion criteria. p.Arg1441Cys, p.Arg1441Gly, p.Arg1441His, p.Arg1441Ser are the most common pathogenic mutations in European populations, especially Hispanic. p.Asn1437His is pathogenic and occurs mostly in the Scandinavians. p.Asn1437Ser and p.Asn1437Asp have been reported in German and Chinese cohorts respectively. p.Ile2020Thr is a rare pathogenic mutation described only in a Japanese cohort. p.Met1869Thr has only been reported in Caucasians. p.Tyr1699Cys, p.Ile1122Val have only been found in one family each. p.Glu1874Ter has been described in just one patient. We found no references concerning mutation p.Gln416Ter. We also report the first case of a Polish PD family whose members carried p.Asn1437His.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Turski
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Chaberska
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Szukało
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Pyska
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Milanowski
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Szlufik
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Figura
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Siuda
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Dariusz Koziorowski
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Dariusz Koziorowski,
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DRD2 Taq1A Polymorphism-Related Brain Volume Changes in Parkinson's Disease: Voxel-Based Morphometry. PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 2022:8649195. [PMID: 35386951 PMCID: PMC8979712 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8649195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Taq1A polymorphism is a DRD2 gene variant located in an exon of the ANKK1 gene and has an important role in the brain's dopaminergic functions. Some studies have indicated that A1 carriers have an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD) and show poorer clinical performance than A2 homo carriers. Previous studies have suggested that A1 carriers had fewer dopamine D2 receptors in the caudate and increased cortical activity as a compensatory mechanism. However, there is little information about morphological changes associated with this polymorphism in patients with PD. The study's aim was to investigate the relationship between brain volume and Taq1A polymorphism in PD using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Based on Taq1A polymorphism, 103 patients with PD were divided into two groups: A1 carriers (A1/A1 and A1/A2) and A2 homo carriers (A2/A2). The volume of the left prefrontal cortex (PFC) was significantly decreased in A2 homo carriers compared to A1 carriers. This finding supports the association between Taq1A polymorphism and brain volume in PD and may explain the compensation of cortical function in A1 carriers with PD.
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Liepelt-Scarfone I, Ophey A, Kalbe E. Cognition in prodromal Parkinson's disease. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2022; 269:93-111. [PMID: 35248208 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
One characteristic of Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prodromal phase, lasting many years during which both pre-clinical motor and non-motor symptoms occur. Around one-fifth of patients with PD manifest mild cognitive impairment at time of clinical diagnosis. Thus, important challenges are to define the time of onset of cognitive dysfunction in the prodromal phase of PD, and to define its co-occurrence with other specific characteristics. Evidence for cognitive change in prodromal PD comes from various study designs, including both longitudinal and cross-sectional approaches with different target groups. These studies support the concept that changes in global cognitive function and alterations in executive functions occur, and that these changes may be present up to 6 years before clinical PD diagnosis. Notably, this evidence led to including global cognitive impairment as an independent prodromal marker in the recently updated research criteria of the Movement Disorder Society for prodromal PD. Knowledge in this field, however, is still at its beginning, and evidence is sparse about many aspects of this topic. Further longitudinal studies including standardized assessments of global and domain-specific cognitive functions are needed to gain further knowledge about the first appearance, the course, and the interaction of cognitive deficits with other non-motor symptoms in prodromal stage PD. Treatment approaches, including non-pharmacological interventions, in individuals with prodromal PD might help to prevent or delay cognitive dysfunction in early PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Liepelt-Scarfone
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; IB-Hochschule, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Anja Ophey
- Medical Psychology, Neuropsychology and Gender Studies, Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), University Hospital Cologne and Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elke Kalbe
- Medical Psychology, Neuropsychology and Gender Studies, Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), University Hospital Cologne and Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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7
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Binder T, Hobert MA, Pfrommer T, Leks E, Granert O, Weigl B, Ethofer T, Erb M, Wilke M, Maetzler W, Berg D. Increased functional connectivity in a population at risk of developing Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021; 92:1-6. [PMID: 34649107 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the concept of prodromal Parkinson's disease (PD) is well established, reliable markers for the diagnosis of this disease stage are still lacking. We investigated the functional connectivity of the putamina in a resting-state functional MRI analysis in persons with at least two prodromal factors for PD, which is considered a high risk for PD (HRPD) group, in comparison to PD patients and controls. METHODS We included 16 PD patients, 20 healthy controls and 20 HRPD subjects. Resting state echo planar images and anatomical T1-weighted images were acquired with a Siemens Prisma 3 T scanner. The computation of correlation maps of the left and the right putamen to the rest of the brain was done in a voxel-wise approach using the REST toolbox. Finally, group differences in the correlation maps were compared on voxel-level and summarized in cluster z-statistics. RESULTS Compared to both PD patients and healthy controls, the HRPD group showed higher functional connectivity of both putamina to brain regions involved in execution of motion and coordination (cerebellum, vermis, pre- and postcentral gyrus, supplementary motor area) as well as the planning of movement (precuneus, cuneus, superior medial frontal lobe). CONCLUSIONS Higher functional connectivity of the putamina of HRPD subjects to other brain regions involved in motor execution and planning may indicate a compensatory mechanism. Follow-up evaluation and independent longitudinal studies should test whether our results reflect a dynamic process associated with a prodromal PD state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Binder
- Center for Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology, Julius-Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Markus A Hobert
- Center for Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Teresa Pfrommer
- Center for Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Edyta Leks
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Granert
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Benedikt Weigl
- Center for Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Ethofer
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Department of General Psychiatry, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Erb
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marco Wilke
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Children's Hospital, University of Tübingen, Germany; Experimental Pediatric Neuroimaging Group, Pediatric Neurology & Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Walter Maetzler
- Center for Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Berg
- Center for Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
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8
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Guadagnolo D, Piane M, Torrisi MR, Pizzuti A, Petrucci S. Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Monogenic Parkinson Disease: A Review on Clinical and Molecular Findings. Front Neurol 2021; 12:648588. [PMID: 34630269 PMCID: PMC8494251 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.648588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder, usually with multifactorial etiology. It is characterized by prominent movement disorders and non-motor symptoms. Movement disorders commonly include bradykinesia, rigidity, and resting tremor. Non-motor symptoms can include behavior disorders, sleep disturbances, hyposmia, cognitive impairment, and depression. A fraction of PD cases instead is due to Parkinsonian conditions with Mendelian inheritance. The study of the genetic causes of these phenotypes has shed light onto common pathogenetic mechanisms underlying Parkinsonian conditions. Monogenic Parkinsonisms can present autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or even X-linked inheritance patterns. Clinical presentations vary from forms indistinguishable from idiopathic PD to severe childhood-onset conditions with other neurological signs. We provided a comprehensive description of each condition, discussing current knowledge on genotype-phenotype correlations. Despite the broad clinical spectrum and the many genes involved, the phenotype appears to be related to the disrupted cell function and inheritance pattern, and several assumptions about genotype-phenotype correlations can be made. The interest in these assumptions is not merely speculative, in the light of novel promising targeted therapies currently under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Guadagnolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Umberto i Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Piane
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics Unit, S. Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Torrisi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics Unit, S. Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Pizzuti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Umberto i Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Petrucci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics Unit, S. Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
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9
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Pachi I, Koros C, Simitsi AM, Papadimitriou D, Bougea A, Prentakis A, Papagiannakis N, Bozi M, Antonelou R, Angelopoulou E, Beratis I, Stamelou M, Trapali XG, Papageorgiou SG, Stefanis L. Apathy: An underestimated feature in GBA and LRRK2 non-manifesting mutation carriers. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021; 91:1-8. [PMID: 34425330 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Higher prevalence of motor and non-motor features has been observed in non-manifesting mutation carriers of Parkinson's Disease (PD) compared to Healthy Controls (HC). The aim was to detect the differences between GBA and LRRK2 mutation carriers without PD and HC on neuropsychiatric symptoms. METHODS This is a cross-sectional retrospective study of non-manifesting GBA and LRRK2 mutation carriers and HC enrolled into Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI). Data extracted from the PPMI database contained: demographics and performance in MoCA scale and MDS-UPDRS scale part 1A (neuropsychiatric symptoms). All six features were treated as both continuous (MDS-UPDRS individual scores) and categorical variables (MDS-UPDRS individual score>0 and MDS-UPDRS individual score = 0). Logistic regression analyses were applied to evaluate the association between mutation carrying status and neuropsychiatric symptoms. RESULTS In this study, the neuropsychiatric evaluation was performed in 285 GBA non-manifesting carriers, 369 LRRK2 non-manifesting carriers and 195 HC. We found that GBA non-manifesting mutation carriers were 2.6 times more likely to present apathy compared to HC, even after adjustment for covariates (adjusted OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.1-6.3, p = 0.031). The higher percentage of apathy for LRRK2 carriers compared to HC was marginally non-significant. GBA carriers were 1.5 times more likely to develop features of anxiety compared to LRRK2 carriers (adjusted OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1-2.2, p = 0.015). Other neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as psychotic or depressive manifestations, did not differ between groups. CONCLUSION Symptoms of apathy could be present in the prediagnostic period of non-manifesting mutation carriers, especially, GBA. Longitudinal data, including detailed neuropsychiatric evaluation and neuroimaging, would be essential to further investigate the pathophysiological basis of this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Pachi
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Koros
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athina M Simitsi
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Anastasia Bougea
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Nikolaos Papagiannakis
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Bozi
- 2nd Department of Neurology, "Attikon" University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Roubina Antonelou
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efthalia Angelopoulou
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ion Beratis
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Stamelou
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Department, HYGEIA Hospital, Athens, Greece; School of Medicine, European University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Sokratis G Papageorgiou
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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10
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The effect of the PARK16 rs11240572 variant on brain structure in Parkinson's disease. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:2665-2673. [PMID: 34373950 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02359-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that genetic factors play a key role in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). The variant rs11240572 in the PARK16 gene locus is strongly associated with PD. However, its effect on the pathogenesis of PD is yet to be clarified. The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the PARK16 rs11240572 variant on brain structure in PD patients. A total of 51 PD patients were enrolled in the study and genotyped for the rs11240572 variant. Clinical assessments and MRI scans were conducted across all participants. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to investigate gray matter volume (GMV) of the whole brain between these two groups. Correlation analysis was performed to identify the relationships between GMV and clinical features. There were 17 rs11240572-A variant carriers and 34 non-carriers, with no significant demographic differences between these two groups. Compared with non-carriers, rs11240572-A carriers showed increased GMV in the left caudate nucleus and putamen, but decreased GMV in the left superior temporal gyrus and supramarginal gyrus. In non-carriers, left basal ganglia GMV was positively correlated with UPDRS III (r = 0.365, p = 0.034) and bradykinesia (r = 0.352, p = 0.042), but negatively correlated with MMSE (r = - 0.344, p = 0.047), while in carriers negative correlation between basal ganglia GMV and MMSE was also observed (r = - 0.666, p = 0.004). Moreover, the GMV of left temporoparietal cortex was positively associated with cognitive function in both groups (carriers, r = 0.692, p = 0.002; non-carriers, r = 0.879, p < 0.001). When reducing the sample size of non-carriers to the level of the carrier sample, similar correlations were observed in both groups. Our study showed that the PARK16 rs11240572 variant affects the brain structure of patients with PD, especially in the basal ganglia and temporoparietal cortex. This indicated that this variant might play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Zimmermann M, Köhler L, Kovarova M, Lerche S, Schulte C, Wurster I, Machetanz G, Deuschle C, Hauser AK, Gasser T, Berg D, Schleicher E, Maetzler W, Brockmann K. The longevity gene Klotho and its cerebrospinal fluid protein profiles as a modifier for Parkinson´s disease. Eur J Neurol 2021; 28:1557-1565. [PMID: 33449400 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson´s disease (PD) has a large phenotypic variability, which may, at least partly, be genetically driven including alterations of gene products. Candidates might not only be proteins associated with disease risk but also pathways that play a role in aging. OBJECTIVE To evaluate phenotype-modifying effects of genetic variants in Klotho, a longevity gene. METHODS We analyzed two longitudinal cohorts: one local cohort comprising 459 PD patients who underwent genotyping for the KL-VS haplotype in Klotho including a subgroup of 125 PD patients and 50 healthy controls who underwent biochemical cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analyses of Klotho and fibroblast growth factor 23 as well as vitamin D metabolites. The second cohort comprised 297 patients from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) for validation of genetic-clinical findings. RESULTS PD patients carrying the KL-VS haplotype demonstrated a shorter interval between PD onset and onset of cognitive impairment (both cohorts) and higher Unified Parkinson´s Disease Rating Scale part III (UPDRS III) scores (PPMI). CSF protein levels of Klotho and fibroblast growth factor 23 were lower in PD patients irrespective of gender compared to controls. Moreover, low CSF levels of Klotho were associated with higher scores in the UPDRS III and Hoehn and Yahr Scale. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that genetic variants in Klotho together with its corresponding CSF protein profiles are associated with aspects of disease severity in PD. These findings suggest that pathways associated with aging might be targets for future biomarker research in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Zimmermann
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Leonie Köhler
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marketa Kovarova
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Lerche
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Schulte
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Isabel Wurster
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Gerrit Machetanz
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Deuschle
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Hauser
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Berg
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Erwin Schleicher
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Walter Maetzler
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kathrin Brockmann
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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12
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Chipika RH, Siah WF, McKenna MC, Li Hi Shing S, Hardiman O, Bede P. The presymptomatic phase of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: are we merely scratching the surface? J Neurol 2020; 268:4607-4629. [PMID: 33130950 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Presymptomatic studies in ALS have consistently captured considerable disease burden long before symptom manifestation and contributed important academic insights. With the emergence of genotype-specific therapies, however, there is a pressing need to address practical objectives such as the estimation of age of symptom onset, phenotypic prediction, informing the optimal timing of pharmacological intervention, and identifying a core panel of biomarkers which may detect response to therapy. Existing presymptomatic studies in ALS have adopted striking different study designs, relied on a variety of control groups, used divergent imaging and electrophysiology methods, and focused on different genotypes and demographic groups. We have performed a systematic review of existing presymptomatic studies in ALS to identify common themes, stereotyped shortcomings, and key learning points for future studies. Existing presymptomatic studies in ALS often suffer from sample size limitations, lack of disease controls and rarely follow their cohort until symptom manifestation. As the characterisation of presymptomatic processes in ALS serves a multitude of academic and clinical purposes, the careful review of existing studies offers important lessons for future initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangariroyashe H Chipika
- Computational Neuroimaging Group (CNG), Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Pearse Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - We Fong Siah
- Computational Neuroimaging Group (CNG), Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Pearse Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Clare McKenna
- Computational Neuroimaging Group (CNG), Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Pearse Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stacey Li Hi Shing
- Computational Neuroimaging Group (CNG), Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Pearse Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orla Hardiman
- Computational Neuroimaging Group (CNG), Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Pearse Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter Bede
- Computational Neuroimaging Group (CNG), Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Pearse Street, Dublin, Ireland.
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13
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Tönges L, Ip CW, Dresel C, Lingor P, Csoti I, Kohl Z, Winkler J, Klebe S. [Genetic testing for Parkinson's disease: indication and practical implementation]. FORTSCHRITTE DER NEUROLOGIE-PSYCHIATRIE 2020; 88:601-608. [PMID: 32594506 DOI: 10.1055/a-1155-6389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
More than 20 years have passed since the first description of a monogenic cause of Parkinson's disease. Despite the tremendous advances of genetic testing these techniques are rarely used in Parkinson's disease. However, genetic tests in patients with Parkinson's syndrome will play an important role in the future. This is not only to ensure the diagnosis of Parkinson's patients with a young onset and / or a positive family history, but also in the context of personalised medicine with new therapeutic options. In the following we would like to give an overview of the basics of genetic testing, the legal requirements, the procedure for genetic testing and an outlook into the future for hereditary Parkinson's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Tönges
- Klinik für Neurologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, St. Josef-Hospital, Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
| | - Chi Wang Ip
- Klinik für Neurologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, St. Josef-Hospital, Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
| | | | - Paul Lingor
- Fakultät für Medizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Klinik für Neurologie, Technische Universität München
| | | | - Zacharias Kohl
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie der Universität Regensburg
| | - Jürgen Winkler
- Molekulare Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
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14
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Chen M, Li Y, Chen J, Gao L, Sun J, Gu Z, Wu T, Chan P. Structural and functional brain alterations in patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. J Neuroradiol 2020; 49:66-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Tolosa E, Vila M, Klein C, Rascol O. LRRK2 in Parkinson disease: challenges of clinical trials. Nat Rev Neurol 2020; 16:97-107. [PMID: 31980808 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-019-0301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
One of the most common monogenic forms of Parkinson disease (PD) is caused by mutations in the LRRK2 gene that encodes leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2). LRRK2 mutations, and particularly the most common mutation Gly2019Ser, are observed in patients with autosomal dominant PD and in those with apparent sporadic PD, who are clinically indistinguishable from those with idiopathic PD. The discoveries that pathogenic mutations in the LRRK2 gene increase LRRK2 kinase activity and that small-molecule LRRK2 kinase inhibitors can be neuroprotective in preclinical models of PD have placed LRRK2 at the centre of disease modification efforts in PD. Recent investigations also suggest that LRRK2 has a role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic PD and that LRRK2 therapies might, therefore, be beneficial in this common subtype of PD. In this Review, we describe the characteristics of LRRK2-associated PD that are most relevant to the development of LRRK2-targeted therapies and the design and implementation of clinical trials. We highlight strategies for correcting the effects of mutations in the LRRK2 gene, focusing on how to identify which patients are the optimal candidates and how to decide on the timing of such trials. In addition, we discuss challenges in implementing trials of disease-modifying treatment in people who carry LRRK2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Tolosa
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miquel Vila
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain.,Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Olivier Rascol
- Clinical Investigation Center CIC1436, Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, NS-Park/FCRIN network and NeuroToul Center of Excellence for Neurodegeneration, INSERM, University Hospital of Toulouse and University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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16
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[Personalized treatment of Parkinson's disease]. DER NERVENARZT 2019; 90:767-772. [PMID: 31243506 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-019-0748-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades important achievements in research of Parkinson's disease led to the identification of specific pathways as well as histopathological fingerprints underlying the pathophysiology of the disease. This knowledge represents the basis for targeted disease-modifying treatment strategies. These treatment options target specific molecular defects in the causal chain or focus on the pathological α‑synuclein species and their propagation. This article highlights the most relevant treatment approaches that are currently being addressed in preliminary clinical trials.
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17
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Arkadir D, Dinur T, Becker Cohen M, Revel-Vilk S, Tiomkin M, Brüggemann N, Cozma C, Rolfs A, Zimran A. Prodromal substantia nigra sonography undermines suggested association between substrate accumulation and the risk for GBA-related Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurol 2019; 26:1013-1018. [PMID: 30714262 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Individuals with GBA (glucocerebrosidase) mutations are at increased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). It is still debated, however, whether this increased risk results from impaired glucocerebrosidase activity leading to substrate accumulation. Comparing the presence of prodromal PD marker in GBA mutation carriers and patients with Gaucher disease (GD) (in which substrate accumulation is extensive) can assist in clarifying this issue. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we compared the hyperechogenic area of the substantia nigra, a prodromal PD marker, in large cohorts of GBA mutation carriers (n = 71) and patients with GD (n = 145). Our control populations were healthy, non-carriers (n = 49) and patients with GBA -related PD (n = 11). Substrate accumulation was assessed from dry blood spot levels of glucosylsphingosine. RESULTS Our findings indicate no contribution of substrate accumulation, as the area of hyperechogenicity is similarly enlarged relative to healthy controls in both GBA mutation carriers and patients with GD. Moreover, this similarity between GBA carriers and patients with GD persists when comparing only carriers of the N370S (c.1226A>G) mutation (n = 38) with untreated patients with GD who were homozygotes for the same mutation (n = 47). In addition, measurements of hyperechogenic area did not correlate with levels of glucosylsphingosine in the untreated patients with GD. CONCLUSION The presence of a marker of prodromal PD (substantia nigra hyperechogenicity) is independent of substrate accumulation in a population with mutated GBA . Although further longitudinal studies are needed to determine the precise predictive value of this marker for GBA -related PD, our findings raise doubts regarding the contribution of substance reduction strategies to PD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Arkadir
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem
| | - T Dinur
- Gaucher Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - M Becker Cohen
- Gaucher Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S Revel-Vilk
- Gaucher Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - M Tiomkin
- Gaucher Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - N Brüggemann
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck.,Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck
| | | | - A Rolfs
- Centogene AG, Rostock.,Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neurodegeneration, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - A Zimran
- Gaucher Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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18
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Lerche S, Wurster I, Röben B, Machetanz G, Zimmermann M, Bernhard F, Stransky E, Deuschle C, Schulte C, Hansson O, Zetterberg H, Gasser T, Berg D, Maetzler W, Brockmann K. Parkinson's disease: evolution of cognitive impairment and CSF Aβ 1-42 profiles in a prospective longitudinal study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019; 90:165-170. [PMID: 30254084 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2018-318956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the evolution of cognitive impairment in relation to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) profiles of amyloid-β (Aβ), total-Tau and phosphorylated-Tau in Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS Prospective, longitudinal, observational study up to 10 years with follow-up every 2 years. We assessed CSF profiles in 415 patients with sporadic PD (median age 66; 63% men) and 142 healthy controls (median age 62; 43% men). RESULTS Patients with PD with low CSF Aβ1-42 levels at baseline were more often cognitively impaired than patients with intermediate and high Aβ1-42 levels. Sixty-seven per cent of the patients with low Aβ1-42 levels at baseline and normal cognition developed cognitive impairment during follow-up, compared with 41% and 37% of patients having intermediate and high CSF Aβ1-42 levels. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression revealed that patients with low CSF Aβ1-42 levels at baseline developed cognitive impairment more frequently and earlier during follow-up. CONCLUSION We conclude that in patients with sporadic PD, low levels of Aβ1-42 are associated with a higher risk of developing cognitive impairment earlier in the disease process at least in a subgroup of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Lerche
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany .,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Isabel Wurster
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Röben
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Gerrit Machetanz
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Milan Zimmermann
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Felix Bernhard
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Elke Stransky
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Deuschle
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Schulte
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Berg
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Walter Maetzler
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kathrin Brockmann
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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19
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Transcranial B-Mode Sonography in Movement Disorders. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 143:179-212. [PMID: 30473195 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Applying a 2-4MHz probe at the temporal bone window transcranial B-mode sonography (TCS) enables the depiction of the brain parenchyma through the intact skull. Meanwhile it has been applied for the diagnosis and the differential diagnosis of movement disorders for decades. In the first part of this chapter, we summarize the technical requirements and describe the ultrasound method for optimal TCS examination. Imaging planes and the relevant structures are explained in detail. In the second part of the chapter, we focus on the role of substantia nigra hyperechogenicity for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and prodromal PD. In this part, we also mention the role of TCS in atypical and secondary Parkinsonian syndromes and other movement disorders. Summarizing all these information we explain how TCS can be helpful for the differential diagnosis of movement disorders. The current data show that TCS is an easily applicable and economic imaging method which can be used as an additional tool for the diagnosis of PD with a high sensitivity (>85%), specificity (>80%) and inter-rater reliability (>84%) as well as for the differential diagnosis of movement disorders. Lately, TCS has also been utilized in further areas such as the detection of individuals at risk for PD or the determination of electrode localization in patients with deep brain stimulation. An insufficient temporal bone window especially in the elderly and the necessity of an experienced investigator are limitations of this method.
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20
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Thaler A. Structural and Functional MRI in Familial Parkinson's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 142:261-287. [PMID: 30409255 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Between 10 and 15% of Parkinson disease (PD) cases can be traced to a genetically identified causative mutation which currently number over 40. This enables the study of both "at risk" populations for future development of PD and a unique sub-group of genetically determined patient population. Structural and functional magnetic imaging has the potential of assisting diagnosis, early detection and disease progression as it is relatively cheap and easy to implement. However, the large variety of imaging options and different analytical approaches hamper the pursuit of a unified imaging biomarker. This chapter details the current imaging options and summarizes the findings among both genetically determined patients with PD and their non-manifesting first degree relatives, speculating on possible compensational mechanisms while mapping future directions in order to better utilize MRI in the research of genetic PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avner Thaler
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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21
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Lerche S, Liepelt-Scarfone I, Wurster I, Schulte C, Schäffer E, Röben B, Machetanz G, Zimmermann M, Akbas S, Hauser AK, Gasser T, Maetzler W, Berg D, Brockmann K. Polygenic load: Earlier disease onset but similar longitudinal progression in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2018; 33:1349-1353. [PMID: 30132985 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In order to evaluate the influence of the genetic load of 49 genetic variants known to be associated with PD on the age at onset as well as on clinical outcome parameters. BACKGROUND PD patients show a large variability in phenotype and progression reflecting interindividual heterogeneity. This might be influenced by a diverse genetic architecture. METHODS Six hundred seventeen PD patients were included in this study and stratified by their "genetic load," which is based on the weighted odds ratios of 49 genetic variants known to be associated with PD from genome-wide association studies. Clinical parameters (H & Y, UPDRS-III, MMSE, and Beck's Depression Inventory) were evaluated cross-sectionally and in a subgroup longitudinally over 8 years. RESULTS PD patients with the highest genetic load were younger at disease onset, whereas severity of clinical parameters were similar compared to patients with the lowest genetic load. These findings could be confirmed regarding progression to clinical endpoints in the longitudinal analysis. CONCLUSION A high genetic load is associated with a younger age at onset, which, in turn, might possibly promote more effective compensatory mechanisms resulting in a similar rate of disease progression. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Lerche
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Inga Liepelt-Scarfone
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Isabel Wurster
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Schulte
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Eva Schäffer
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Benjamin Röben
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Gerrit Machetanz
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Milan Zimmermann
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Selda Akbas
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Hauser
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Walter Maetzler
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Berg
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kathrin Brockmann
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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22
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Juárez-Flores DL, González-Casacuberta I, Ezquerra M, Bañó M, Carmona-Pontaque F, Catalán-García M, Guitart-Mampel M, Rivero JJ, Tobias E, Milisenda JC, Tolosa E, Marti MJ, Fernández-Santiago R, Cardellach F, Morén C, Garrabou G. Exhaustion of mitochondrial and autophagic reserve may contribute to the development of LRRK2 G2019S -Parkinson's disease. J Transl Med 2018; 16:160. [PMID: 29884186 PMCID: PMC5994110 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1526-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most common cause of familial Parkinson’s disease (PD). Mitochondrial and autophagic dysfunction has been described as etiologic factors in different experimental models of PD. We aimed to study the role of mitochondria and autophagy in LRRK2G2019S-mutation, and its relationship with the presence of PD-symptoms. Methods Fibroblasts from six non-manifesting LRRK2G2019S-carriers (NM-LRRK2G2019S) and seven patients with LRRK2G2019S-associated PD (PD-LRRK2G2019S) were compared to eight healthy controls (C). An exhaustive assessment of mitochondrial performance and autophagy was performed after 24-h exposure to standard (glucose) or mitochondrial-challenging environment (galactose), where mitochondrial and autophagy impairment may be heightened. Results A similar mitochondrial phenotype of NM-LRRK2G2019S and controls, except for an early mitochondrial depolarization (54.14% increased, p = 0.04), was shown in glucose. In response to galactose, mitochondrial dynamics of NM-LRRK2G2019S improved (− 17.54% circularity, p = 0.002 and + 42.53% form factor, p = 0.051), probably to maintain ATP levels over controls. A compromised bioenergetic function was suggested in PD-LRRK2G2019S when compared to controls in glucose media. An inefficient response to galactose and worsened mitochondrial dynamics (− 37.7% mitochondrial elongation, p = 0.053) was shown, leading to increased oxidative stress. Autophagy initiation (SQTSM/P62) was upregulated in NM-LRRK2G2019S when compared to controls (glucose + 118.4%, p = 0.014; galactose + 114.44%, p = 0.009,) and autophagosome formation increased in glucose media. Despite of elevated SQSTM1/P62 levels of PD-NMG2019S when compared to controls (glucose + 226.14%, p = 0.04; galactose + 78.5%, p = 0.02), autophagosome formation was deficient in PD-LRRK2G2019S when compared to NM-LRRK2G2019S (− 71.26%, p = 0.022). Conclusions Enhanced mitochondrial performance of NM-LRRK2G2019S in mitochondrial-challenging conditions and upregulation of autophagy suggests that an exhaustion of mitochondrial bioenergetic and autophagic reserve, may contribute to the development of PD in LRRK2G2019S mutation carriers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1526-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Luz Juárez-Flores
- Laboratory of Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function-CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Department of Internal Medicine-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ingrid González-Casacuberta
- Laboratory of Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function-CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Department of Internal Medicine-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Ezquerra
- Laboratory of Parkinson disease and other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders: Clinical and Experimental Research, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Bañó
- Laboratory of Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function-CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Department of Internal Medicine-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marc Catalán-García
- Laboratory of Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function-CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Department of Internal Medicine-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariona Guitart-Mampel
- Laboratory of Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function-CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Department of Internal Medicine-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Rivero
- Laboratory of Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function-CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Department of Internal Medicine-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Tobias
- Laboratory of Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function-CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Department of Internal Medicine-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Cesar Milisenda
- Laboratory of Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function-CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Department of Internal Medicine-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduard Tolosa
- Laboratory of Parkinson disease and other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders: Clinical and Experimental Research, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Marti
- Laboratory of Parkinson disease and other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders: Clinical and Experimental Research, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruben Fernández-Santiago
- Laboratory of Parkinson disease and other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders: Clinical and Experimental Research, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Cardellach
- Laboratory of Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function-CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Department of Internal Medicine-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Constanza Morén
- Laboratory of Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function-CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Department of Internal Medicine-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Glòria Garrabou
- Laboratory of Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function-CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Department of Internal Medicine-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
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23
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Cerebral Imaging Markers of GBA and LRRK2 Related Parkinson's Disease and Their First-Degree Unaffected Relatives. Brain Topogr 2018; 31:1029-1036. [PMID: 29846835 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-018-0653-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral atrophy has been detected in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) both with and without dementia, however differentiation based on genetic status has thus far not yielded robust findings. We assessed cortical thickness and subcortical volumes in a cohort of PD patients and healthy controls carriers of the G2019S mutation in the LRRK2 gene and the common GBA mutations, in an attempt to determine whether genetic status influences structural indexes. Cortical thickness and subcortical volumes were computed and compared between six groups of participants; idiopathic PD, GBA-PD, LRRK2-PD, non-manifesting non-carriers (NMNC), GBA-non-manifesting carriers (NMC) and LRRK2-NMC utilizing the FreeSurfer software program. All participants were cognitively intact based on a computerized cognitive assessment battery. Fifty-seven idiopathic PD patients, 9 LRRK2-PD, 12 GBA-PD, 49 NMNC, 41 LRRK2-NMC and 14 GBA-NMC participated in this study. Lower volumes among patients with PD compared to unaffected participants were detected in bilateral hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, caudate, thalamus, putamen and amygdala and the right pallidum (p = 0.016). PD patients demonstrated lower cortical thickness indexes in a majority of regions assessed compared with non-manifesting participants. No differences in cortical thickness and subcortical volumes were detected within each of the groups of participants based on genetic status. Mutations in the GBA and LRRK2 genes are not important determinants of cortical thickness and subcortical volumes in both patients with PD and non-manifesting participants. PD is associated with a general reduction in cortical thickness and sub-cortical atrophy even in cognitively intact patients.
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24
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Sun L, Chan P. LRRK2-associated Parkinson's disease patients have better stereopsis than idiopathic Parkinson disease. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2018; 169:174-177. [PMID: 29705653 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Visual dysfunctions are frequent and have several manifestations in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the characteristics of these complications in LRRK2 (leucine-rich kinase 2)-associated PD patients still lack systematic research. The purpose of this study is to assess visual functions of LRRK2-associated PD patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-five (25) PD patients with LRRK2 R1628P and G2385R variants were included in the study and compared to 28 PD patients without these variants and 28 age-matched healthy controls. The genotypes of PD patients were kept double-blinded. Information on age, sex, disease duration, the movement disorder society-unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (MDS-UPDRS), Hoehn and Yahr staging scale (H&Y), Mini-Mental Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were included. Visual functions assessment included color perception, contrast sensitivity and stereopsis. RESULTS PD patients with or without LRRK2 R1628P and G2385R variants have declined contrast sensitivity, diminished color discrimination and damaged stereopsis. There was no significant difference in retinal level visual deficiency (color discrimination and contrast sensitivity) between PD with LRRK2 variants and those without, but cortex level visual function, i.e. stereopsis is better in PD with LRRK2 variants than non-carrier PD patients. The associated factors of stereopsis are different. The stereopsis is associated with MoCA scores independently in non-carrier PD patients, but with UPDRSIII scores in LRRK2-associated PD patients. CONCLUSIONS Visual functions are similarly affected in PD patients with and without LRRK2 R1628P and G2385R variants, but LRRK2-associated PD patients have better stereopsis than idiopathic PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Sun
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurobiology and Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital MedicalUniversity, Beijing, China
| | - Piu Chan
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital MedicalUniversity, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China.
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25
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Altered intrinsic brain functional connectivity in drug-naïve Parkinson's disease patients with LRRK2 mutations. Neurosci Lett 2018; 675:145-151. [PMID: 29567424 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) has been recently identified as a causative gene of Parkinson's disease (PD), and the LRRK2 R1628P and G2385R mutations are common in ethnic Han-Chinese PD patients. However, the pathogenic mechanism of LRRK2 mutations in PD remains largely unknown. METHODS Resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) was used to assess the functional connectivity (FC) of the striatal subregions of 11 ethnic Han-Chinese drug-naïve PD patients with the LRRK2 R1628P or G2385R mutations, 11 ethnic Han-Chinese drug-naïve PD patients without such mutations, and 22 healthy control (HC) subjects. RESULTS Compared with the HC subjects, both subgroups of the PD patients showed alterations in the FC within the sensorimotor-striatal and posterior putamen-striatal circuits. In addition, relative to the subgroup of PD patients without the LRRK2 mutations, the subgroup of PD patients with the LRRK2 mutation exhibited decreased FC between the putamen and the bilateral superior frontal gyri, precuneus and calcarine gyri. The FC between the putamen and the bilateral superior frontal gyri decreased with age in the LRRK2 mutation carriers but not in the non-carriers. CONCLUSION Differences in the FC between ethnic Han-Chinese drug-naïve PD patients with and without the LRRK2 mutation may provide new insights into the understanding of the neural functional changes in ethnic Han-Chinese PD patients with LRRK2 mutations. However, our results are preliminary, and further investigations are needed.
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26
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Tozzi A, Tantucci M, Marchi S, Mazzocchetti P, Morari M, Pinton P, Mancini A, Calabresi P. Dopamine D2 receptor-mediated neuroprotection in a G2019S Lrrk2 genetic model of Parkinson's disease. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:204. [PMID: 29434188 PMCID: PMC5833812 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder in which genetic and environmental factors synergistically lead to loss of midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons. Mutation of leucine-rich repeated kinase2 (Lrrk2) genes is responsible for the majority of inherited familial cases of PD and can also be found in sporadic cases. The pathophysiological role of this kinase has to be fully understood yet. Hyperactivation of Lrrk2 kinase domain might represent a predisposing factor for both enhanced striatal glutamatergic release and mitochondrial vulnerability to environmental factors that are observed in PD. To investigate possible alterations of striatal susceptibility to mitochondrial dysfunction, we performed electrophysiological recordings from the nucleus striatum of a G2019S Lrrk2 mouse model of PD, as well as molecular and morphological analyses of G2019S Lrrk2-expressing SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. In G2019S mice, we found reduced striatal DA levels, according to the hypothesis of alteration of dopaminergic transmission, and increased loss of field potential induced by the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor rotenone. This detrimental effect is reversed by the D2 DA receptor agonist quinpirole via the inhibition of the cAMP/PKA intracellular pathway. Analysis of mitochondrial functions in G2019S Lrrk2-expressing SH-SY5Y cells revealed strong rotenone-induced oxidative stress characterized by reduced Ca2+ buffering capability and ATP synthesis, production of reactive oxygen species, and increased mitochondrial fragmentation. Importantly, quinpirole was able to prevent all these changes. We suggest that the G2019S-Lrrk2 mutation is a predisposing factor for enhanced striatal susceptibility to mitochondrial dysfunction induced by exposure to mitochondrial environmental toxins and that the D2 receptor stimulation is neuroprotective on mitochondrial function, via the inhibition of cAMP/PKA intracellular pathway. We suggest new possible neuroprotective strategies for patients carrying this genetic alteration based on drugs specifically targeting Lrrk2 kinase domain and mitochondrial functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Tozzi
- Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Michela Tantucci
- Neurological clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Petra Mazzocchetti
- Neurological clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Michele Morari
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andrea Mancini
- Neurological clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
- Neurological clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy.
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27
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Brockmann K, Schulte C, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Apel A, Pont-Sunyer C, Vilas D, Ruiz-Martinez J, Langkamp M, Corvol JC, Cormier F, Knorpp T, Joos TO, Bernard A, Gasser T, Marras C, Schüle B, Aasly JO, Foroud T, Marti-Masso JF, Brice A, Tolosa E, Berg D, Maetzler W. Inflammatory profile discriminates clinical subtypes in LRRK2-associated Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurol 2018; 24:427-e6. [PMID: 28102045 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The presentation of Parkinson's disease patients with mutations in the LRRK2 gene (PDLRRK2 ) is highly variable, suggesting a strong influence of modifying factors. In this context, inflammation is a potential candidate inducing clinical subtypes. METHODS An extensive battery of peripheral inflammatory markers was measured in human serum in a multicentre cohort of 142 PDLRRK2 patients from the MJFF LRRK2 Consortium, stratified by three different subtypes as recently proposed for idiopathic Parkinson's disease: diffuse/malignant, intermediate and mainly pure motor. RESULTS Patients classified as diffuse/malignant presented with the highest levels of the pro-inflammatory proteins interleukin 8 (IL-8), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein 1-β (MIP-1-β) paralleled by high levels of the neurotrophic protein brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). It was also possible to distinguish the clinical subtypes based on their inflammatory profile by using discriminant and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. CONCLUSIONS Inflammation seems to be associated with the presence of a specific clinical subtype in PDLRRK2 that is characterized by a broad and more severely affected spectrum of motor and non-motor symptoms. The pro-inflammatory metabolites IL-8, MCP-1 and MIP-1-β as well as BDNF are interesting candidates to be included in biomarker panels that aim to differentiate subtypes in PDLRRK2 and predict progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Brockmann
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - C Schulte
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - N Schneiderhan-Marra
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen (NMI), Reutlingen, Germany
| | - A Apel
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - C Pont-Sunyer
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Vilas
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Ruiz-Martinez
- Hospital Universitario Donostia, Biodonostia Institut, San Sebastián, Guipuzcoa, Spain
| | | | - J-C Corvol
- Département de Génétique et Cytogénétique, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Universités, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - F Cormier
- Département de Génétique et Cytogénétique, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Universités, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - T Knorpp
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen (NMI), Reutlingen, Germany
| | - T O Joos
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen (NMI), Reutlingen, Germany
| | - A Bernard
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - T Gasser
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - C Marras
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - B Schüle
- Parkinson Institute and Clinical Center, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
| | - J O Aasly
- Department of Neurology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - T Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - J F Marti-Masso
- Hospital Universitario Donostia, Biodonostia Institut, San Sebastián, Guipuzcoa, Spain
| | - A Brice
- Département de Génétique et Cytogénétique, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Universités, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - E Tolosa
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Berg
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - W Maetzler
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
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28
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Lerche S, Schulte C, Srulijes K, Pilotto A, Rattay TW, Hauser AK, Stransky E, Deuschle C, Csoti I, Lachmann I, Zetterberg H, Liepelt-Scarfone I, Gasser T, Maetzler W, Berg D, Brockmann K. Cognitive impairment in Glucocerebrosidase (GBA)-associated PD: Not primarily associated with cerebrospinal fluid Abeta and Tau profiles. Mov Disord 2017; 32:1780-1783. [PMID: 29094781 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A proportion of idiopathic Parkinson's disease patients (PDidiopathic ) with dementia show altered CSF profiles of amyloid β (Aβ) and Tau. PD patients with Glucocerebrosidase (GBA) mutations (PDGBA ) present with even more cognitive decline than seen in PDidiopathic . OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate whether CSF profiles of Aβ and tau are associated with the prominent cognitive impairment in PDGBA . METHODS CSF levels of Aβ1-42 , t-Tau, p-Tau, and total alpha-synuclein were assessed in 479 participants (50 PDGBA , 308 PDidiopathic , 121 healthy controls). RESULTS Older age was associated with cognitive impairment in PDGBA and PDidiopathic . Despite prominent cognitive impairment, PDGBA showed similar CSF levels of Aβ1-42 , t-Tau, and p-Tau as seen in healthy controls. In contrast, lower levels of Aβ1-42 and higher levels of t-Tau and p-Tau were associated with worse cognitive performance in PDidiopathic . CONCLUSIONS The prominent cognitive impairment in PDGBA seems not primarily associated with Aβ and Tau profiles in CSF. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Lerche
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Schulte
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Karin Srulijes
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Pilotto
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Tim W Rattay
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Hauser
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Elke Stransky
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Deuschle
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ilona Csoti
- Gertrudis Klinik, Parkinson-Center, Leun-Biskirchen, Germany
| | | | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Inga Liepelt-Scarfone
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Walter Maetzler
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Berg
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kathrin Brockmann
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Fengler S, Liepelt-Scarfone I, Brockmann K, Schäffer E, Berg D, Kalbe E. Cognitive changes in prodromal Parkinson's disease: A review. Mov Disord 2017; 32:1655-1666. [PMID: 28980730 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although other nonmotor phenomena representing possible prodromal symptoms of Parkinson's disease have been described in some detail, the occurrence and characteristics of cognitive decline in this early phase of the disease are less well understood. The aim of this review is to summarize the current state of research on cognitive changes in prodromal PD. Only a small number of longitudinal studies have been conducted that examined cognitive function in individuals with a subsequent PD diagnosis. However, when we consider data from at-risk groups, the evidence suggests that cognitive decline may occur in a substantial number of individuals who have the potential for developing PD. In terms of specific cognitive domains, executive function in particular and, less frequently, memory scores are reduced. Prospective longitudinal studies are thus needed to clarify whether cognitive, and specifically executive, decline might be added to the prodromal nonmotor symptom complex that may precede motor manifestations of PD by years and may help to update the risk scores used for early identification of PD. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Fengler
- Department of Medical Psychology ǀ Neuropsychology and Gender Studies & Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Psychological Gerontology, Institute of Gerontology, University of Vechta, Vechta, Germany
| | - Inga Liepelt-Scarfone
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Brockmann
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eva Schäffer
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Elke Kalbe
- Department of Medical Psychology ǀ Neuropsychology and Gender Studies & Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Psychological Gerontology, Institute of Gerontology, University of Vechta, Vechta, Germany
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30
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Trezzi JP, Galozzi S, Jaeger C, Barkovits K, Brockmann K, Maetzler W, Berg D, Marcus K, Betsou F, Hiller K, Mollenhauer B. Distinct metabolomic signature in cerebrospinal fluid in early parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2017; 32:1401-1408. [PMID: 28843022 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to profile cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from early-stage PD patients for disease-related metabolic changes and to determine a robust biomarker signature for early-stage PD diagnosis. METHODS By applying a non-targeted and mass spectrometry-driven approach, we investigated the CSF metabolome of 44 early-stage sporadic PD patients yet without treatment (DeNoPa cohort). We compared all detected metabolite levels with those measured in CSF of 43 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. After this analysis, we validated the results in an independent PD study cohort (Tübingen cohort). RESULTS We identified that dehydroascorbic acid levels were significantly lower and fructose, mannose, and threonic acid levels were significantly higher (P < .05) in PD patients when compared with healthy controls. These changes reflect pathological oxidative stress responses, as well as protein glycation/glycosylation reactions in PD. Using a machine learning approach based on logistic regression, we successfully predicted the origin (PD patients vs healthy controls) in a second (n = 18) as well as in a third and completely independent validation set (n = 36). The biomarker signature is composed of the three markers-mannose, threonic acid, and fructose-and allows for sample classification with a sensitivity of 0.790 and a specificity of 0.800. CONCLUSION We identified PD-specific metabolic changes in CSF that were associated with antioxidative stress response, glycation, and inflammation. Our results disentangle the complexity of the CSF metabolome to unravel metabolome changes related to early-stage PD. The detected biomarkers help understanding PD pathogenesis and can be applied as biomarkers to increase clinical diagnosis accuracy and patient care in early-stage PD. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Trezzi
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,Integrated Biobank of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Sara Galozzi
- Functional Proteomics, Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christian Jaeger
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Katalin Barkovits
- Functional Proteomics, Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kathrin Brockmann
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Walter Maetzler
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katrin Marcus
- Functional Proteomics, Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Fay Betsou
- Integrated Biobank of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Karsten Hiller
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Computational Biology of Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus-Elena Klinik, Kassel, Germany.,University Medical Center Goettingen, Institute of Neuropathology and Department of Neurosurgery, Goettingen, Germany
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31
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Brockmann K, Lohmann K. [Genetic risk variants in Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders]. DER NERVENARZT 2017; 88:713-719. [PMID: 28536875 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-017-0348-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Movement disorders are often genetically complex with genetic risk factors playing a major role. For example, monogenic causes of Parkinson's disease (PD) can be found in only 2-5% of patients who often have an early onset (<40 years). In the majority of patients, common genetic variants seem to contribute to the disease risk. To date, 24 genetic risk factors have been identified. For restless legs syndrome (RLS), six different risk variants have been reported but no monogenic cause is known yet. For the genetic risk factors of essential tremor and dystonia, which are less well studied, only five and two candidate variants, respectively, have been described but their roles still require independent confirmation. In this review, we provide an overview on the involved genes, their function, and discuss possible, disease mechanism-driven therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Brockmann
- Zentrum für Neurologie, Abteilung Neurodegeneration, Hertie-Institut für klinische Hirnforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Universität Tübingen, Hoppe Seyler Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland.
| | - K Lohmann
- Institut für Neurogenetik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Deutschland
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32
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Barber TR, Klein JC, Mackay CE, Hu MTM. Neuroimaging in pre-motor Parkinson's disease. Neuroimage Clin 2017; 15:215-227. [PMID: 28529878 PMCID: PMC5429242 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The process of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease begins long before the onset of clinical motor symptoms, resulting in substantial cell loss by the time a diagnosis can be made. The period between the onset of neurodegeneration and the development of motoric disease would be the ideal time to intervene with disease modifying therapies. This pre-motor phase can last many years, but the lack of a specific clinical phenotype means that objective biomarkers are needed to reliably detect prodromal disease. In recent years, recognition that patients with REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) are at particularly high risk of future parkinsonism has enabled the development of large prodromal cohorts in which to investigate novel biomarkers, and neuroimaging has generated some of the most promising results to date. Here we review investigations undertaken in RBD and other pre-clinical cohorts, including modalities that are well established in clinical Parkinson's as well as novel imaging methods. Techniques such as high resolution MRI of the substantia nigra and functional imaging of Parkinsonian brain networks have great potential to facilitate early diagnosis. Further longitudinal studies will establish their true value in quantifying prodromal neurodegeneration and predicting future Parkinson's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Barber
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (OPDC), University of Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK.
| | - Johannes C Klein
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (OPDC), University of Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Clare E Mackay
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (OPDC), University of Oxford, UK; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity (OHBA), University of Oxford, UK
| | - Michele T M Hu
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (OPDC), University of Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK.
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33
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Pont-Sunyer C, Tolosa E, Caspell-Garcia C, Coffey C, Alcalay RN, Chan P, Duda JE, Facheris M, Fernández-Santiago R, Marek K, Lomeña F, Marras C, Mondragon E, Saunders-Pullman R, Waro B. The prodromal phase of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2-associated Parkinson disease: Clinical and imaging Studies. Mov Disord 2017; 32:726-738. [PMID: 28370517 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asymptomatic, nonmanifesting carriers of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 mutations are at increased risk of developing PD. Clinical and neuroimaging features may be associated with gene carriage and/or may demarcate individuals at greater risk for phenoconversion to PD. OBJECTIVES To investigate clinical and dopamine transporter single-photon emission computed tomography imaging characteristics of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 asymptomatic carriers. METHODS A total of 342 carriers' and 259 noncarriers' relatives of G2019S leucine-rich repeat kinase 2/PD patients and 39 carriers' and 31 noncarriers' relatives of R1441G leucine-rich repeat kinase 2/PD patients were evaluated. Motor and nonmotor symptoms were assessed using specific scales and questionnaires. Neuroimaging quantitative data were obtained in 81 carriers and compared with 41 noncarriers. RESULTS G2019S carriers scored higher in motor scores and had lower radioligand uptake compared to noncarriers, but no differences in nonmotor symptoms scores were observed. R1441G carriers scored higher in motor scores, had lower radioligand uptake, and had higher scores in depression, dysautonomia, and Rapid Eye Movements Sleep Behavior Disorder Screening Questionnaire scores, but had better cognition scores than noncarriers. Among G2019S carriers, a group with "mild motor signs" was identified, and was significantly older, with worse olfaction and lower radioligand uptake. CONCLUSIONS G2019S and R1441G carriers differ from their noncarriers' relatives in higher motor scores and slightly lower radioligand uptake. Nonmotor symptoms were mild, and different nonmotor profiles were observed in G2019S carriers compared to R1441G carriers. A group of G2019S carriers with known prodromal features was identified. Longitudinal studies are required to determine whether such individuals are at short-term risk of developing overt parkinsonism. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claustre Pont-Sunyer
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain.,Neurology Unit, Hospital General de Granollers, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Granollers, Spain
| | - Eduardo Tolosa
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chelsea Caspell-Garcia
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Christopher Coffey
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Roy N Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Piu Chan
- Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - John E Duda
- Parkinson's Disease Research, Education and Clinical Center, Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center and Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maurizio Facheris
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rubén Fernández-Santiago
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institutd'InvestigacionsBiomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, and the Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kenneth Marek
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders and Molecular NeuroImaging, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Francisco Lomeña
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Connie Marras
- Toronto Western Hospital Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elisabet Mondragon
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Unit. Hospital Universitario Donostia. Biodonostia Research Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain
| | - Rachel Saunders-Pullman
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bjorg Waro
- Department of Neurology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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34
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Liu HF, Ho PWL, Leung GCT, Lam CSC, Pang SYY, Li L, Kung MHW, Ramsden DB, Ho SL. Combined LRRK2 mutation, aging and chronic low dose oral rotenone as a model of Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40887. [PMID: 28098219 PMCID: PMC5241661 DOI: 10.1038/srep40887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging, genetics and environmental toxicity are important etiological factors in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, its pathogenesis remains unclear. A major obstacle is the lack of an appropriate experimental model which incorporates genetic susceptibility, aging and prolonged environmental toxicity. Here, we explored the interplay amongst these factors using mutant LRRK2R1441G (leucine-rich-repeat-kinase-2) knockin mice. We found that mutant primary cortical and mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons were more susceptible to rotenone-induced ATP deficiency and cell death. Compared with wild-type controls, striatal synaptosomes isolated from young mutant mice exhibited significantly lower dopamine uptake after rotenone toxicity, due to reduced striatal synaptosomal mitochondria and synaptic vesicular proton pump protein (V-ATPase H) levels. Mutant mice developed greater locomotor deficits in open-field tests than wild-type mice following low oral rotenone doses given twice weekly over 50 weeks (half their lifespan). The increased locomotor deficit was associated with specific reduction in striatal mitochondrial Complex-I (NDUFS4) in rotenone-treated mutant but not in similarly treated wild-type mice. Our unique experimental model which incorporates genetic effect, natural aging and prolonged oral environmental toxicity administered to mutant knockin LRRK2 mice over half their life span, with observable and measurable phenotype, is invaluable in further studies of the pathogenic process and therapeutics of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fang Liu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Philip Wing-Lok Ho
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Colin Siu-Chi Lam
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Shirley Yin-Yu Pang
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lingfei Li
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - David Boyer Ramsden
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Shu-Leong Ho
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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35
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Borgonovo J, Allende-Castro C, Laliena A, Guerrero N, Silva H, Concha ML. Changes in neural circuitry associated with depression at pre-clinical, pre-motor and early motor phases of Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2016; 35:17-24. [PMID: 27889469 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although Parkinson's Disease (PD) is mostly considered a motor disorder, it can present at early stages as a non-motor pathology. Among the non-motor clinical manifestations, depression shows a high prevalence and can be one of the first clinical signs to appear, even a decade before the onset of motor symptoms. Here, we review the evidence of early dysfunction in neural circuitry associated with depression in the context of PD, focusing on pre-clinical, pre-motor and early motor phases of the disease. In the pre-clinical phase, structural and functional changes in the substantia nigra, basal ganglia and limbic structures are already observed. Some of these changes are linked to motor compensation mechanisms while others correspond to pathological processes common to PD and depression and thus could underlie the appearance of depressive symptoms during the pre-motor phase. Studies of the early motor phase (less than five years post diagnosis) reveal an association between the extent of damage in different monoaminergic systems and the appearance of emotional disorders. We propose that the limbic loop of the basal ganglia and the lateral habenula play key roles in the early genesis of depression in PD. Alterations in the neural circuitry linked with emotional control might be sensitive markers of the ongoing neurodegenerative process and thus may serve to facilitate an early diagnosis of this disease. To take advantage of this, we need to improve the clinical criteria and develop biomarkers to identify depression, which could be used to determine individuals at risk to develop PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Borgonovo
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, PO Box 70031, Santiago, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile; Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camilo Allende-Castro
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, PO Box 70031, Santiago, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile; Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Almudena Laliena
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, PO Box 70031, Santiago, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Néstor Guerrero
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, PO Box 70031, Santiago, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hernán Silva
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Clinical Hospital, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel L Concha
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, PO Box 70031, Santiago, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile; Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile.
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36
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Vilas D, Segura B, Baggio HC, Pont-Sunyer C, Compta Y, Valldeoriola F, José Martí M, Quintana M, Bayés A, Hernández-Vara J, Calopa M, Aguilar M, Junqué C, Tolosa E. Nigral and striatal connectivity alterations in asymptomatic LRRK2 mutation carriers: A magnetic resonance imaging study. Mov Disord 2016; 31:1820-1828. [PMID: 27653520 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of functional connectivity by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in asymptomatic LRRK2 mutation carriers could contribute to the characterization of the prediagnostic phase of LRRK2-associated Parkinson's disease (PD). The objective of this study was to characterize MRI functional patterns during the resting state in asymptomatic LRRK2 mutation carriers. METHODS We acquired structural and functional MRI data of 18 asymptomatic LRRK2 mutation carriers and 18 asymptomatic LRRK2 mutation noncarriers, all first-degree relatives of LRRK2-PD patients. Starting from resting-state data, we analyzed the functional connectivity of the striatocortical and the nigrocortical circuitry. Structural brain data were analyzed by voxel-based morphometry, cortical thickness, and volumetric measures. RESULTS Asymptomatic LRRK2 mutation carriers had functional connectivity reductions between the caudal motor part of the left striatum and the ipsilateral precuneus and superior parietal lobe. Connectivity in these regions correlated with subcortical gray-matter volumes in mutation carriers. Asymptomatic carriers also showed increased connectivity between the right substantia nigra and bilateral occipital cortical regions (occipital pole and cuneus bilaterally and right lateral occipital cortex). No intergroup differences in structural MRI measures were found. In LRRK2 mutation carriers, age and functional connectivity correlated negatively with striatal volumes. Additional analyses including only subjects with the G2019S mutation revealed similar findings. CONCLUSIONS Asymptomatic LRRK2 mutation carriers showed functional connectivity changes in striatocortical and nigrocortical circuits compared with noncarriers. These findings support the concept that altered brain connectivity precedes the onset of classical motor features in a genetic form of PD. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Vilas
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Bàrbara Segura
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology Department, Universitat de Barcelona. Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Hugo C Baggio
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology Department, Universitat de Barcelona. Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Claustre Pont-Sunyer
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Yaroslau Compta
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro en Red para la Investigacion de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas CIBERNED, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Francesc Valldeoriola
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro en Red para la Investigacion de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas CIBERNED, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María José Martí
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro en Red para la Investigacion de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas CIBERNED, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María Quintana
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Angels Bayés
- Parkinson's Unit, Clínica Teknon, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Hernández-Vara
- Neurology Service, Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Matilde Calopa
- Neurology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Aguilar
- Neurology Service, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrasa, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carme Junqué
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology Department, Universitat de Barcelona. Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro en Red para la Investigacion de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas CIBERNED, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Tolosa
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro en Red para la Investigacion de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas CIBERNED, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Brockmann K, Apel A, Schulte C, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Pont-Sunyer C, Vilas D, Ruiz-Martinez J, Langkamp M, Corvol JC, Cormier F, Knorpp T, Joos TO, Gasser T, Schüle B, Aasly JO, Foroud T, Marti-Masso JF, Brice A, Tolosa E, Marras C, Berg D, Maetzler W. Inflammatory profile in LRRK2-associated prodromal and clinical PD. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:122. [PMID: 27220776 PMCID: PMC4879729 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0588-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is evidence for a relevant role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Mutations in the LRRK2 gene represent the most frequent genetic cause for autosomal dominant PD. LRRK2 is highly expressed in macrophages and microglia suggesting an involvement in inflammatory pathways. The objectives are to test (1) whether idiopathic PD and LRRK2-associated PD share common inflammatory pathways or present distinct profiles and (2) whether non-manifesting LRRK2 mutation carriers present with similar aspects of inflammatory profiles as seen in PD-affected patients. Methods We assessed serum profiles of 23 immune-associated markers and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor in 534 individuals from the MJFF LRRK2 consortium. Results A large proportion of inflammatory markers were gender-dependent. Both PD-affected cohorts showed increased levels of the pro-inflammatory marker fatty-acid-binding protein. Additionally, idiopathic PD but not LRRK2-associated PD patients showed increased levels of the pro-inflammatory marker interleukin-12-p40 as well as the anti-inflammatory species interleukin-10, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and stem cell factor. Non-manifesting LRRK2 mutation carriers including those with prodromal characteristics of PD presented with control-like inflammatory profiles. Conclusions Concomitant inflammation seems to be associated with idiopathic and LRRK2-associated PD. Identifying PD patients in whom inflammatory processes play a major role in their pathophysiology might offer a new therapeutic window at least for a subgroup of patients. Since non-manifesting LRRK2 mutation carriers with symptoms of the prodromal phase of PD did not show inflammatory profiles, activation of the immune system seems not an early event in the disease cascade. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0588-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Brockmann
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. .,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Anja Apel
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Schulte
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Claustre Pont-Sunyer
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Institutd'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolores Vilas
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Institutd'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Ruiz-Martinez
- Hospital Universitario Donostia, Biodonostia Institut, San Sebastián, Guipuzcoa, Spain
| | | | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- Département de Génétique et Cytogénétique, INSERM, Sorbonne Universités, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Florence Cormier
- Département de Génétique et Cytogénétique, INSERM, Sorbonne Universités, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Knorpp
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen (NMI), Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Thomas O Joos
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen (NMI), Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Birgitt Schüle
- Parkinson Institute and Clinical Center, 675 Almanor Ave, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
| | - Jan O Aasly
- Department of Neurology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | | | - Alexis Brice
- Département de Génétique et Cytogénétique, INSERM, Sorbonne Universités, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Eduardo Tolosa
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Institutd'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Connie Marras
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson's disease, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Walter Maetzler
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
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Salat D, Noyce AJ, Schrag A, Tolosa E. Challenges of modifying disease progression in prediagnostic Parkinson's disease. Lancet Neurol 2016; 15:637-48. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(16)00060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Marras C, Alcalay RN, Caspell-Garcia C, Coffey C, Chan P, Duda JE, Facheris MF, Fernández-Santiago R, Ruíz-Martínez J, Mestre T, Saunders-Pullman R, Pont-Sunyer C, Tolosa E, Waro B. Motor and nonmotor heterogeneity of LRRK2-related and idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2016; 31:1192-202. [PMID: 27091104 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) associated with LRRK2 mutations has been described as similar to idiopathic PD with minor clinical differences. No study has compared the clinical features of LRRK2-associated PD due to different mutations. The objective of this study was to compare LRRK2-associated PD due to G2019S and G2385R mutations and to compare each to idiopathic PD. METHODS Sites within the international LRRK2 Cohort Consortium undertook family-based, community-based, or clinic-based studies to gather clinical data on manifesting carriers and patients with idiopathic PD. RESULTS Five hundred sixteen PD patients with the G2019S mutation, 199 with the G2385R mutation, and 790 patients with idiopathic PD were included in the data set. Adjusted for age, sex, disease duration, and levodopa-equivalent daily dose, mean MDS-UPDRS part II or III scores and the frequency of motor fluctuations were higher in the G2385R mutation carriers than in either the G2019S mutation carriers or idiopathic PD patients. G2019S mutation carriers had significantly lower UPDRS part III scores than idiopathic PD patients. Both G2019S and G2385R mutation carriers had a higher proportion of the postural instability gait disorder phenotype compared with idiopathic PD patients. LRRK2 G2019S PD patients had better UPSIT scores and lower Geriatric Depression Scale scores than idiopathic PD patients in adjusted analyses. CONCLUSIONS G2385R and G2019S PD appear to have motor differences that may be explained by contrasting local treatment or measurement practices or differences in the biology of the disease. Longitudinal studies should evaluate whether progression is faster in G2385R mutation carriers compared with G2019S PD or idiopathic PD. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Marras
- Toronto Western Hospital Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roy N Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chelsea Caspell-Garcia
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Christopher Coffey
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Piu Chan
- Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, China
| | - John E Duda
- Parkinson's Disease Research, Education and Clinical Center, Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center and Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maurizio F Facheris
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rubén Fernández-Santiago
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, and the Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Ruíz-Martínez
- Department of Neurology (Movement Disorders Unit), Hospital Universitario Donostia. Biodonostia Research Institute, Neurosciences area. San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain, and CIBERNED, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tiago Mestre
- Toronto Western Hospital Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorder Centre, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel Saunders-Pullman
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Claustre Pont-Sunyer
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Institutd'InvestigacionsBiomediquesAugust Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Tolosa
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Institutd'InvestigacionsBiomediquesAugust Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bjorg Waro
- Department of Neurology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Bergareche A, Rodríguez-Oroz MC, Estanga A, Gorostidi A, López de Munain A, Castillo-Triviño T, Ruiz-Martínez J, Mondragón E, Gaig C, Lomeña F, Sarasqueta C, Tolosa E, Martí-Massó JF. DAT imaging and clinical biomarkers in relatives at genetic risk for LRRK2 R1441G Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2015; 31:335-43. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bergareche
- Neurology Service; Hospital Universitario Donostia; San Sebastian Spain
- Ilundain Fundazioa; San Sebastian Spain
- Neuroscience Area. Biodonostia Research Institute; Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédicas en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness; Spain
| | - Maria Cruz Rodríguez-Oroz
- Neurology Service; Hospital Universitario Donostia; San Sebastian Spain
- Neuroscience Area. Biodonostia Research Institute; Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédicas en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness; Spain
- Ikerbasque. Basque Foundation for Science; Bilbao Spain
| | - Ainara Estanga
- Ilundain Fundazioa; San Sebastian Spain
- Neuroscience Area. Biodonostia Research Institute; Spain
- Department of Neuroscience; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Spain
| | - Ana Gorostidi
- Neuroscience Area. Biodonostia Research Institute; Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédicas en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness; Spain
| | - Adolfo López de Munain
- Neurology Service; Hospital Universitario Donostia; San Sebastian Spain
- Ilundain Fundazioa; San Sebastian Spain
- Neuroscience Area. Biodonostia Research Institute; Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédicas en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness; Spain
- Department of Neuroscience; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Spain
| | - Tamara Castillo-Triviño
- Neurology Service; Hospital Universitario Donostia; San Sebastian Spain
- Neuroscience Area. Biodonostia Research Institute; Spain
| | - Javier Ruiz-Martínez
- Neurology Service; Hospital Universitario Donostia; San Sebastian Spain
- Neuroscience Area. Biodonostia Research Institute; Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédicas en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness; Spain
| | - Elisabet Mondragón
- Neurology Service; Hospital Universitario Donostia; San Sebastian Spain
- Neuroscience Area. Biodonostia Research Institute; Spain
| | - Carles Gaig
- Centro de Investigación Biomédicas en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness; Spain
- Neurology Service, Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit, Hospital Clínic and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer; Spain
| | - Francisco Lomeña
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona; Spain
| | - Cristina Sarasqueta
- Unidad de Apoyo Metodológico. Hospital Universitario Donostia. Biodonostia Research Institute, REDISSEC; Spain
| | - Eduardo Tolosa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédicas en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness; Spain
- Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS; Spain
| | - José Félix Martí-Massó
- Neurology Service; Hospital Universitario Donostia; San Sebastian Spain
- Ilundain Fundazioa; San Sebastian Spain
- Neuroscience Area. Biodonostia Research Institute; Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédicas en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness; Spain
- Department of Neuroscience; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Spain
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Brockmann K, Schulte C, Deuschle C, Hauser AK, Heger T, Gasser T, Maetzler W, Berg D. Neurodegenerative CSF markers in genetic and sporadic PD: Classification and prediction in a longitudinal study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2015; 21:1427-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Vilas D, Ispierto L, Álvarez R, Pont-Sunyer C, Martí MJ, Valldeoriola F, Compta Y, de Fabregues O, Hernández-Vara J, Puente V, Calopa M, Jaumà S, Campdelacreu J, Aguilar M, Quílez P, Casquero P, Lomeña F, Ríos J, Tolosa E. Clinical and imaging markers in premotor LRRK2 G2019S mutation carriers. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2015; 21:1170-6. [PMID: 26306001 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity (SN+) has been proposed as a risk marker of Parkinson's disease (PD). Asymptomatic LRRK2 mutation carriers (aLRRK2+), at high risk for developing PD, provide an opportunity for the study of preclinical biomarkers. OBJECTIVE To assess SN echogenicity and other echographic features in LRRK2 G2019S carriers and their clinical and imaging correlates. METHODS Transcranial sonography was performed in 26 LRRK2 G2019S PD patients, 50 first-degree relatives, 31 idiopathic PD (IPD) patients and 26 controls. SN echogenicity and other echographic features were assessed in all study subjects. Dopamine transporter imaging (DAT-SPECT) was performed in 29 first-degree relatives. RESULTS 75% of the LRRK2-PD and 87.5% of the IPD showed SN+ (p = 0.087). aLRRK2+ had a higher frequency of SN+ than non carriers (58.3% vs. 25%, p = 0.039) and controls (58.3% vs. 12.5%; p = 0.002) and had a larger area of SN echogenicity than non carriers (p = 0.030) and controls (p < 0.001). The width of the third ventricle was significantly lower in LRRK2-PD than in IPD (1.9 mm [1.38; 2.75] vs. 3.0 mm [2.3; 5.3]; p = 0.003). Four out of 5 (80%) of the aLRRK2+ with an abnormal DAT-SPECT and four of the 5 (80%) of those with REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) had SN+. CONCLUSIONS SN+ is very frequent in LRRK2-PD and aLRRK2+. Most aLRRK2 with possible surrogate markers of PD such as abnormal DAT-SPECT or RBD, also had SN+, which supports that this echofeature might be a marker of PD in these asymptomatic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Vilas
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Institut de Neurociències Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lourdes Ispierto
- Neurology Service, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Ramiro Álvarez
- Neurology Service, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Claustre Pont-Sunyer
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Institut de Neurociències Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María José Martí
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Institut de Neurociències Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Francesc Valldeoriola
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Institut de Neurociències Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Yaroslau Compta
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Institut de Neurociències Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Oriol de Fabregues
- Neurology Service, Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jorge Hernández-Vara
- Neurology Service, Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Víctor Puente
- Neurology Service, Hospital Del Mar, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Matilde Calopa
- Neurology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Serge Jaumà
- Neurology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jaume Campdelacreu
- Neurology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Aguilar
- Neurology Service, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrasa, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pilar Quílez
- Neurology Service, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrasa, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Lomeña
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José Ríos
- Biostatistics and Data Management Core Facility, IDIBAPS, (Hospital Clinic), Barcelona, Spain; Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Tolosa
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Institut de Neurociències Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain.
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Pont-Sunyer C, Iranzo A, Gaig C, Fernández-Arcos A, Vilas D, Valldeoriola F, Compta Y, Fernández-Santiago R, Fernández M, Bayés A, Calopa M, Casquero P, de Fàbregues O, Jaumà S, Puente V, Salamero M, José Martí M, Santamaría J, Tolosa E. Sleep Disorders in Parkinsonian and Nonparkinsonian LRRK2 Mutation Carriers. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132368. [PMID: 26177462 PMCID: PMC4503402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In idiopathic Parkinson disease (IPD) sleep disorders are common and may antedate the onset of parkinsonism. Based on the clinical similarities between IPD and Parkinson disease associated with LRRK2 gene mutations (LRRK2-PD), we aimed to characterize sleep in parkinsonian and nonmanifesting LRRK2 mutation carriers (NMC). Methods A comprehensive interview conducted by sleep specialists, validated sleep scales and questionnaires, and video-polysomnography followed by multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) assessed sleep in 18 LRRK2-PD (17 carrying G2019S and one R1441G mutations), 17 NMC (11 G2019S, three R1441G, three R1441C), 14 non-manifesting non-carriers (NMNC) and 19 unrelated IPD. Results Sleep complaints were frequent in LRRK2-PD patients; 78% reported poor sleep quality, 33% sleep onset insomnia, 56% sleep fragmentation and 39% early awakening. Sleep onset insomnia correlated with depressive symptoms and poor sleep quality. In LRRK2-PD, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) was a complaint in 33% patients and short sleep latencies on the MSLT, which are indicative of objective EDS, were found in 71%. Sleep attacks occurred in three LRRK2-PD patients and a narcoleptic phenotype was not observed. REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) was diagnosed in three LRRK2-PD. EDS and RBD were always reported to start after the onset of parkinsonism in LRRK2-PD. In NMC, EDS was rarely reported and RBD was absent. When compared to IPD, sleep onset insomnia was more significantly frequent, EDS was similar, and RBD was less significantly frequent and less severe in LRRK2-PD. In NMC, RBD was not detected and sleep complaints were much less frequent than in LRRK2-PD. No differences were observed in sleep between NMC and NMNC. Conclusions Sleep complaints are frequent in LRRK2-PDand show a pattern that when compared to IPD is characterized by more frequent sleep onset insomnia, similar EDS and less prominent RBD. Unlike in IPD, RBD and EDS seem to be not markers of the prodromal stage of LRRK2-PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claustre Pont-Sunyer
- Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions BiomediquesAugust Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Iranzo
- MultidisciplinarySleepDisordersUnit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions BiomediquesAugust Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Carles Gaig
- MultidisciplinarySleepDisordersUnit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions BiomediquesAugust Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-Arcos
- MultidisciplinarySleepDisordersUnit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions BiomediquesAugust Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolores Vilas
- Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions BiomediquesAugust Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Valldeoriola
- Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions BiomediquesAugust Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yaroslau Compta
- Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions BiomediquesAugust Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruben Fernández-Santiago
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Neurology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Fernández
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Neurology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Matilde Calopa
- NeurologyService, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Oriol de Fàbregues
- Neurology Service, Hospital Universitari Vall D’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Serge Jaumà
- NeurologyService, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Puente
- Neurology Service, Hospital Del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Maria José Martí
- Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions BiomediquesAugust Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Santamaría
- MultidisciplinarySleepDisordersUnit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions BiomediquesAugust Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Tolosa
- Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions BiomediquesAugust Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
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Pyatigorskaya N, Sharman M, Corvol JC, Valabregue R, Yahia-Cherif L, Poupon F, Cormier-Dequaire F, Siebner H, Klebe S, Vidailhet M, Brice A, Lehéricy S. High nigral iron deposition in LRRK2 and Parkin mutation carriers using R2* relaxometry. Mov Disord 2015; 30:1077-84. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nadya Pyatigorskaya
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière-ICM, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche-CENIR; Paris France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de neuroradiologie; Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière; Paris France
| | - Michael Sharman
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière-ICM, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche-CENIR; Paris France
| | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière-ICM, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche-CENIR; Paris France
- ICM, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 6), Inserm UMR-S1127; CNRS, UMR 7225; Paris France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC9503), Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux; Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital; Paris France
| | - Romain Valabregue
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière-ICM, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche-CENIR; Paris France
- ICM, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 6), Inserm UMR-S1127; CNRS, UMR 7225; Paris France
| | - Lydia Yahia-Cherif
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière-ICM, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche-CENIR; Paris France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de neuroradiologie; Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière; Paris France
- ICM, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 6), Inserm UMR-S1127; CNRS, UMR 7225; Paris France
| | - Fabrice Poupon
- NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA); Gif-Sur-Yvette France
| | - Florence Cormier-Dequaire
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière-ICM, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche-CENIR; Paris France
- ICM, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 6), Inserm UMR-S1127; CNRS, UMR 7225; Paris France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC9503), Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux; Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital; Paris France
| | - Hartwig Siebner
- Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR)
| | - Stephan Klebe
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière-ICM, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche-CENIR; Paris France
- ICM, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 6), Inserm UMR-S1127; CNRS, UMR 7225; Paris France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC9503), Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux; Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital; Paris France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Département de Génétique et Cytogénétique; Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Paris France
- University Hospital of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Marie Vidailhet
- ICM, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 6), Inserm UMR-S1127; CNRS, UMR 7225; Paris France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Clinique des mouvements anormaux, Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux; Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière; Paris France
| | - Alexis Brice
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière-ICM, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche-CENIR; Paris France
- ICM, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 6), Inserm UMR-S1127; CNRS, UMR 7225; Paris France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Département de Génétique et Cytogénétique; Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Paris France
| | - Stephane Lehéricy
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière-ICM, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche-CENIR; Paris France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de neuroradiologie; Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière; Paris France
- ICM, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 6), Inserm UMR-S1127; CNRS, UMR 7225; Paris France
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Somme JH, Molano Salazar A, Gonzalez A, Tijero B, Berganzo K, Lezcano E, Fernandez Martinez M, Zarranz JJ, Gómez-Esteban JC. Cognitive and behavioral symptoms in Parkinson's disease patients with the G2019S and R1441G mutations of the LRRK2 gene. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2015; 21:494-9. [PMID: 25840672 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the cognitive and psychiatric status of patients with Parkinson's disease related to the G2019S and the R1441G mutations of the LRRK2 gene (LRRK2-PD) and idiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD) patients. METHODS We examined cognition and psychiatric symptoms in 27 patients with LRRK2-PD (12 G2019S and 15 R1441G) and 27 iPD patients. RESULTS The groups were similar in age, education, disease duration, levodopa equivalent daily dose, and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) II-IV; however, the LRRK2-PD showed less impairment on UPDRS-I (2.0 ± 1.7 vs. 4.2 ± 2.8, p = 0.003). The LRRK2-PD presented less frequent subjective cognitive complaints (18.5% vs. 63.0%, p = 0.002), and mild cognitive impairment or dementia (25.9% vs. 59.2%, p = 0.027). They also showed less impairment on scales for general cognition (Mattis dementia rating scale 131.2 ± 10.9 vs. 119 ± 24.0, p = 0.022), episodic verbal memory (Rey's auditory verbal learning test, immediate recall 39.2 ± 9.5 vs. 27.6 ± 12.8 p < 0.001, delayed recall 7.2 ± 3.7 vs. 4.7 ± 4.0 p = 0.022), and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (9.7 ± 9.2 vs. 20.5 ± 14.3, p = 0.004, significant differences for apathy and hallucinations). The LRRK2-PD subjects were less frequently treated with antipsychotic medication (0% vs. 25.9%, p = 0.010). There were no significant differences between G2019S and R1441G mutation carriers. CONCLUSIONS Mutations of the LRRK2 gene might cause PD associated with less cognitive and neuropsychiatric impairment as compared to iPD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Molano Salazar
- Movement Disorders and Autonomic Unit, Department of Neurology, Cruces University Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Spain
| | - Amaia Gonzalez
- Movement Disorders and Autonomic Unit, Department of Neurology, Cruces University Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Spain
| | - Beatriz Tijero
- Movement Disorders and Autonomic Unit, Department of Neurology, Cruces University Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Spain
| | - Koldo Berganzo
- Movement Disorders and Autonomic Unit, Department of Neurology, Cruces University Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Spain
| | - Elena Lezcano
- Movement Disorders and Autonomic Unit, Department of Neurology, Cruces University Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Spain
| | - Manuel Fernandez Martinez
- Movement Disorders and Autonomic Unit, Department of Neurology, Cruces University Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Spain
| | - Juan Jose Zarranz
- Movement Disorders and Autonomic Unit, Department of Neurology, Cruces University Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Gómez-Esteban
- Movement Disorders and Autonomic Unit, Department of Neurology, Cruces University Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Spain
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Helmich RC, Thaler A, van Nuenen BFL, Gurevich T, Mirelman A, Marder KS, Bressman S, Orr-Urtreger A, Giladi N, Bloem BR, Toni I. Reorganization of corticostriatal circuits in healthy G2019S LRRK2 carriers. Neurology 2015; 84:399-406. [PMID: 25540317 PMCID: PMC4336002 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000001189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated system-level corticostriatal changes in a human model of premotor Parkinson disease (PD), i.e., healthy carriers of the G2019S LRRK2 mutation that is associated with a markedly increased, age-dependent risk of developing PD. METHODS We compared 37 asymptomatic LRRK2 G2019S mutation carriers (age range 30-78 years) with 32 matched, asymptomatic nonmutation carriers (age range 30-74 years). Using fMRI, we tested the hypothesis that corticostriatal connectivity in premotor PD shifts from severely affected to less affected striatal subregions, as shown previously in symptomatic PD. Specifically, we predicted that in premotor PD, the shift in corticostriatal connectivity would follow the same gradient of striatal dopamine depletion known from overt PD, with the dorsoposterior putamen being more affected than the ventroanterior putamen. RESULTS The known parallel topology of corticostriatal loops was preserved in each group, but the topography of putamen connectivity shifted. In LRRK2 G2019S mutation carriers, the right inferior parietal cortex had reduced functional connectivity with the dorsoposterior putamen but increased connectivity with the ventroanterior putamen, as compared with noncarriers. This shift in functional connectivity increased with age in LRRK2 G2019S mutation carriers. CONCLUSIONS Asymptomatic LRRK2 G2019S mutation carriers show a reorganization of corticostriatal circuits that mirrors findings in idiopathic PD. These changes may reflect premotor basal ganglia dysfunction or circuit-level compensatory changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick C Helmich
- From the Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging (R.C.H., I.T.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (R.C.H., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology (A.T., T.G., A.M., N.G.), and Genetic Institute (A.O.-U.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Sackler School of Medicine (A.T., T.G., A.O.-U., N.G.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; Department of Neurology (B.F.L.v.N.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Columbia University (K.S.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Beth Israel Medical Center (S.B.), New York, NY.
| | - Avner Thaler
- From the Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging (R.C.H., I.T.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (R.C.H., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology (A.T., T.G., A.M., N.G.), and Genetic Institute (A.O.-U.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Sackler School of Medicine (A.T., T.G., A.O.-U., N.G.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; Department of Neurology (B.F.L.v.N.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Columbia University (K.S.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Beth Israel Medical Center (S.B.), New York, NY
| | - Bart F L van Nuenen
- From the Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging (R.C.H., I.T.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (R.C.H., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology (A.T., T.G., A.M., N.G.), and Genetic Institute (A.O.-U.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Sackler School of Medicine (A.T., T.G., A.O.-U., N.G.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; Department of Neurology (B.F.L.v.N.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Columbia University (K.S.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Beth Israel Medical Center (S.B.), New York, NY
| | - Tanya Gurevich
- From the Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging (R.C.H., I.T.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (R.C.H., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology (A.T., T.G., A.M., N.G.), and Genetic Institute (A.O.-U.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Sackler School of Medicine (A.T., T.G., A.O.-U., N.G.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; Department of Neurology (B.F.L.v.N.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Columbia University (K.S.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Beth Israel Medical Center (S.B.), New York, NY
| | - Anat Mirelman
- From the Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging (R.C.H., I.T.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (R.C.H., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology (A.T., T.G., A.M., N.G.), and Genetic Institute (A.O.-U.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Sackler School of Medicine (A.T., T.G., A.O.-U., N.G.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; Department of Neurology (B.F.L.v.N.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Columbia University (K.S.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Beth Israel Medical Center (S.B.), New York, NY
| | - Karen S Marder
- From the Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging (R.C.H., I.T.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (R.C.H., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology (A.T., T.G., A.M., N.G.), and Genetic Institute (A.O.-U.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Sackler School of Medicine (A.T., T.G., A.O.-U., N.G.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; Department of Neurology (B.F.L.v.N.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Columbia University (K.S.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Beth Israel Medical Center (S.B.), New York, NY
| | - Susan Bressman
- From the Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging (R.C.H., I.T.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (R.C.H., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology (A.T., T.G., A.M., N.G.), and Genetic Institute (A.O.-U.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Sackler School of Medicine (A.T., T.G., A.O.-U., N.G.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; Department of Neurology (B.F.L.v.N.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Columbia University (K.S.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Beth Israel Medical Center (S.B.), New York, NY
| | - Avi Orr-Urtreger
- From the Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging (R.C.H., I.T.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (R.C.H., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology (A.T., T.G., A.M., N.G.), and Genetic Institute (A.O.-U.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Sackler School of Medicine (A.T., T.G., A.O.-U., N.G.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; Department of Neurology (B.F.L.v.N.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Columbia University (K.S.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Beth Israel Medical Center (S.B.), New York, NY
| | - Nir Giladi
- From the Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging (R.C.H., I.T.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (R.C.H., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology (A.T., T.G., A.M., N.G.), and Genetic Institute (A.O.-U.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Sackler School of Medicine (A.T., T.G., A.O.-U., N.G.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; Department of Neurology (B.F.L.v.N.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Columbia University (K.S.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Beth Israel Medical Center (S.B.), New York, NY
| | - Bastiaan R Bloem
- From the Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging (R.C.H., I.T.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (R.C.H., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology (A.T., T.G., A.M., N.G.), and Genetic Institute (A.O.-U.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Sackler School of Medicine (A.T., T.G., A.O.-U., N.G.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; Department of Neurology (B.F.L.v.N.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Columbia University (K.S.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Beth Israel Medical Center (S.B.), New York, NY
| | - Ivan Toni
- From the Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging (R.C.H., I.T.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (R.C.H., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology (A.T., T.G., A.M., N.G.), and Genetic Institute (A.O.-U.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Sackler School of Medicine (A.T., T.G., A.O.-U., N.G.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; Department of Neurology (B.F.L.v.N.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Columbia University (K.S.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Beth Israel Medical Center (S.B.), New York, NY
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Li JQ, Tan L, Yu JT. The role of the LRRK2 gene in Parkinsonism. Mol Neurodegener 2014; 9:47. [PMID: 25391693 PMCID: PMC4246469 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-9-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), like many common age-related conditions, has been recognized to have a substantial genetic component. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a crucial factor to understanding the etiology of PD. LRRK2 is a large, widely expressed, multi-domain and multifunctional protein. LRRK2 mutations are the major cause to inherited and sporadic PD. In this review, we discuss the pathology and clinical features which show diversity and variability of LRRK2-associated PD. In addition, we do a thorough literature review and provide theoretical data for gene counseling. Further, we present the evidence linking LRRK2 to various possible pathogenic mechanism of PD such as α-synuclein, tau, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic dysfunction as well as autophagy-lysosomal system. Based on the above work, we investigate activities both within GTPase and outside enzymatic regions in order to obtain a potential therapeutic approach to solve the LRRK2 problem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No, 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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Nonmotor symptoms in LRRK2 G2019S associated Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108982. [PMID: 25330404 PMCID: PMC4201457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD) and LRRK2-associated PD (LRRK2-PD) might be expected to differ clinically since the neuropathological substrate of LRRK2-PD is heterogeneous. The range and severity of extra-nigral nonmotor features associated with LRRK2 mutations is also not well-defined. Objective To evaluate the prevalence and time of onset of nonmotor symptoms (NMS) in LRRK2-PD patients. Methods The presence of hyposmia and of neuropsychiatric, dysautonomic and sleep disturbances was assessed in 33 LRRK2-G2019S-PD patients by standardized questionnaires and validated scales. Thirty-three IPD patients, matched for age, gender, duration of parkinsonism and disease severity and 33 healthy subjects were also evaluated. Results University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) scores in LRRK2-G2019S-PD were higher than those in IPD (23.5±6.8 vs 18.4±6.0; p = 0.002), and hyposmia was less frequent in G2019S carriers than in IPD (39.4% vs 75.8%; p = 0.01). UPSIT scores were significantly higher in females than in males in LRRK2-PD patients (26.9±4.7 vs 19.4±6.8; p<0.01). The frequency of sleep and neuropsychiatric disturbances and of dysautonomic symptoms in LRRK2-G2019S-PD was not significantly different from that in IPD. Hyposmia, depression, constipation and excessive daytime sleepiness, were reported to occur before the onset of classical motor symptoms in more than 40% of LRRK2-PD patients in whom these symptoms were present at the time of examination. Conclusion Neuropsychiatric, dysautonomic and sleep disturbances occur as frequently in patients with LRRK2-G2019S-PD as in IPD but smell loss was less frequent in LRRK2-PD. Like in IPD, disturbances such as hyposmia, depression, constipation and excessive daytime sleepiness may antedate the onset of classical motor symptoms in LRRK2-G2019S-PD.
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Johansen KK, Warø BJ, Aasly JO. Olfactory dysfunction in sporadic Parkinson's Disease and LRRK2 carriers. Acta Neurol Scand 2014; 129:300-6. [PMID: 23937295 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to examine the sense of smell in LRRK2 mutation carriers and in patients with sporadic PD (sPD). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 343 individuals were included: 275 sPD of whom 90 were de novo patients with sPD, 17 LRRK2 PD, 36 healthy LRRK2 mutation carriers, and 15 healthy family members without mutation. All subjects underwent neurologic examination and olfactory sense testing with B-SIT (a 12-item test). Linear regression analysis was applied to build different models with B-SIT as dependent variable. RESULTS Sporadic PD had significantly lower scores in olfaction compared with LRRK2 PD (P < 0.001). B-SIT scores were lowest in medicated sPD, and higher scores were found in de novo patients. LRRK2 PD had similar sense of smell to healthy LRRK2 mutation carriers and to healthy family members without mutation when adjusting for age. CONCLUSION Hyposmia was pronounced already at time of diagnosis in the sPD cases but was not present in healthy LRRK2 mutation carriers and less pronounced in LRRK2 PD compared with sporadic cases. Smell testing may be a preclinical marker in sporadic PD but does not seem applicable in LRRK2 cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. K. Johansen
- Department of Neurology; St Olavs University Hospital; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
- Department of Neuroscience; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
| | - B. J. Warø
- Department of Neuroscience; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
| | - J. O. Aasly
- Department of Neurology; St Olavs University Hospital; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
- Department of Neuroscience; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
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50
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Thaler A, Artzi M, Mirelman A, Jacob Y, Helmich RC, van Nuenen BFL, Gurevich T, Orr-Urtreger A, Marder K, Bressman S, Bloem BR, Hendler T, Giladi N, Ben Bashat D. A voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging analysis of asymptomatic Parkinson's disease-related G2019S LRRK2 mutation carriers. Mov Disord 2014; 29:823-7. [PMID: 24482120 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with Parkinson's disease have reduced gray matter volume and fractional anisotropy in both cortical and sub-cortical structures, yet changes in the pre-motor phase of the disease are unknown. METHODS A comprehensive imaging study using voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging tract-based spatial statistics analysis was performed on 64 Ashkenazi Jewish asymptomatic first degree relatives of patients with Parkinson's disease (30 mutation carriers), who carry the G2019S mutation in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene. RESULTS No between-group differences in gray matter volume could be noted in either whole-brain or volume-of-interest analysis. Diffusion tensor imaging analysis did not identify group differences in white matter areas, and volume-of-interest analysis identified no differences in diffusivity parameters in Parkinson's disease-related structures. CONCLUSIONS G2019S carriers do not manifest changes in gray matter volume or diffusivity parameters in Parkinson's disease-related structures prior to the appearance of motor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avner Thaler
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Sagol School for Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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