1
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Zhao R. Can exercise benefits be harnessed with drugs? A new way to combat neurodegenerative diseases by boosting neurogenesis. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:36. [PMID: 39049102 PMCID: PMC11271207 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00428-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is affected by multiple factors, such as enriched environment, exercise, ageing, and neurodegenerative disorders. Neurodegenerative disorders can impair AHN, leading to progressive neuronal loss and cognitive decline. Compelling evidence suggests that individuals engaged in regular exercise exhibit higher production of proteins that are essential for AHN and memory. Interestingly, specific molecules that mediate the effects of exercise have shown effectiveness in promoting AHN and cognition in different transgenic animal models. Despite these advancements, the precise mechanisms by which exercise mimetics induce AHN remain partially understood. Recently, some novel exercise molecules have been tested and the underlying mechanisms have been proposed, involving intercommunications between multiple organs such as muscle-brain crosstalk, liver-brain crosstalk, and gut-brain crosstalk. In this review, we will discuss the current evidence regarding the effects and potential mechanisms of exercise mimetics on AHN and cognition in various neurological disorders. Opportunities, challenges, and future directions in this research field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renqing Zhao
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, 88 South Daxue Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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2
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Li B, Xiao X, Bi M, Jiao Q, Chen X, Yan C, Du X, Jiang H. Modulating α-synuclein propagation and decomposition: Implications in Parkinson's disease therapy. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102319. [PMID: 38719160 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
α-Synuclein (α-Syn) is closely related to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Under pathological conditions, the conformation of α-syn changes and different forms of α-syn lead to neurotoxicity. According to Braak stages, α-syn can propagate in different brain regions, inducing neurodegeneration and corresponding clinical manifestations through abnormal aggregation of Lewy bodies (LBs) and lewy axons in different types of neurons in PD. So far, PD lacks early diagnosis biomarkers, and treatments are mainly targeted at some clinical symptoms. There is no effective therapy to delay the progression of PD. This review first summarized the role of α-syn in physiological and pathological states, and the relationship between α-syn and PD. Then, we focused on the origin, secretion, aggregation, propagation and degradation of α-syn as well as the important regulatory factors in these processes systematically. Finally, we reviewed some potential drug candidates for alleviating the abnormal aggregation of α-syn in order to provide valuable targets for the treatment of PD to cope with the occurrence and progression of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beining Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mingxia Bi
- School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qian Jiao
- School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chunling Yan
- School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xixun Du
- School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Hong Jiang
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266113, China; School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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3
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Riegelman E, Xue KS, Wang JS, Tang L. Gut-Brain Axis in Focus: Polyphenols, Microbiota, and Their Influence on α-Synuclein in Parkinson's Disease. Nutrients 2024; 16:2041. [PMID: 38999791 PMCID: PMC11243524 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
With the recognition of the importance of the gut-brain axis in Parkinson's disease (PD) etiology, there is increased interest in developing therapeutic strategies that target α-synuclein, the hallmark abhorrent protein of PD pathogenesis, which may originate in the gut. Research has demonstrated that inhibiting the aggregation, oligomerization, and fibrillation of α-synuclein are key strategies for disease modification. Polyphenols, which are rich in fruits and vegetables, are drawing attention for their potential role in this context. In this paper, we reviewed how polyphenols influence the composition and functional capabilities of the gut microbiota and how the resulting microbial metabolites of polyphenols may potentially enhance the modulation of α-synuclein aggregation. Understanding the interaction between polyphenols and gut microbiota and identifying which specific microbes may enhance the efficacy of polyphenols is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies and precision nutrition based on the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lili Tang
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (E.R.); (K.S.X.); (J.-S.W.)
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4
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Lopez VA, Lim JL, Seguin RP, Dempsey JL, Kunzman G, Cui JY, Xu L. Oral Exposure to Benzalkonium Chlorides in Male and Female Mice Reveals Sex-Dependent Alteration of the Gut Microbiome and Bile Acid Profile. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.13.593991. [PMID: 38798482 PMCID: PMC11118417 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.13.593991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Benzalkonium chlorides (BACs) are commonly used disinfectants in a variety of consumer and food-processing settings, and the COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased usage of BACs. The prevalence of BACs raises the concern that BAC exposure could disrupt the gastrointestinal microbiota, thus interfering with the beneficial functions of the microbes. We hypothesize that BAC exposure can alter the gut microbiome diversity and composition, which will disrupt bile acid homeostasis along the gut-liver axis. In this study, male and female mice were exposed orally to d 7 -C12- and d 7 -C16-BACs at 120 µg/g/day for one week. UPLC-MS/MS analysis of liver, blood, and fecal samples of BAC-treated mice demonstrated the absorption and metabolism of BACs. Both parent BACs and their metabolites were detected in all exposed samples. Additionally, 16S rRNA sequencing was carried out on the bacterial DNA isolated from the cecum intestinal content. For female mice, and to a lesser extent in males, we found that treatment with either d 7 -C12- or d 7 -C16-BAC led to decreased alpha diversity and differential composition of gut bacteria with notably decreased actinobacteria phylum. Lastly, through a targeted bile acid quantitation analysis, we observed decreases in secondary bile acids in BAC-treated mice, which was more pronounced in the female mice. This finding is supported by decreases in bacteria known to metabolize primary bile acids into secondary bile acids, such as the families of Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae. Together, these data signify the potential impact of BACs on human health through disturbance of the gut microbiome and gut-liver interactions.
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5
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Li S, Lin Y, Jones D, Walker DI, Duarte Folle A, Del Rosario I, Yu Y, Zhang K, Keener AM, Bronstein J, Ritz B, Paul KC. Untargeted serum metabolic profiling of diabetes mellitus among Parkinson's disease patients. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:100. [PMID: 38730245 PMCID: PMC11087477 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00711-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common comorbidity among Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Yet, little is known about dysregulated pathways that are unique in PD patients with T2DM. We applied high-resolution metabolomic profiling in serum samples of 636 PD and 253 non-PD participants recruited from Central California. We conducted an initial discovery metabolome-wide association and pathway enrichment analysis. After adjusting for multiple testing, in positive (or negative) ion mode, 30 (25) metabolic features were associated with T2DM in both PD and non-PD participants, 162 (108) only in PD participants, and 32 (7) only in non-PD participants. Pathway enrichment analysis identified 17 enriched pathways associated with T2DM in both the PD and non-PD participants, 26 pathways only in PD participants, and 5 pathways only in non-PD participants. Several amino acid, nucleic acids, and fatty acid metabolisms were associated with T2DM only in the PD patient group suggesting a possible link between PD and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Li
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuyuan Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dean Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Douglas I Walker
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aline Duarte Folle
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Irish Del Rosario
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yu Yu
- Center for Health Policy Research, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Keren Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adrienne M Keener
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeff Bronstein
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly C Paul
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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6
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Pulluru Y, Koohsari S, Bayoumi A, Aladawi M, Najdawi Z, Elfil M. Seizures due to pyridoxine deficiency in Parkinson's disease. Seizure 2024; 118:132-136. [PMID: 38703598 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2024.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized not only by its hallmark motor symptoms but also by a myriad of non-motor manifestations, including cognitive decline, autonomic manifestations, and gastrointestinal disturbances. Amidst these, a lesser-known but critical aspect is the increased risk of functional deficiency of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) in patients with PD, which is linked to an increased risk of seizures. This review investigates the intersection of PD, new-onset seizures, and pyridoxine deficiency, aiming to elucidate the significance of these associations and their contributions to the neurologic burden in PD. Case reports documenting the occurrence of seizures in patients with PD, particularly in the context of high-dose dopaminergic therapy and the subsequent revelation of pyridoxine deficiency were included. These cases, which often featured extensive workups revealing unremarkable findings aside from pyridoxine deficiency, underscore the multifaceted nature of PD and its treatment-related complications. The findings in these case reports suggest that dietary insufficiencies, gastrointestinal dysfunctions, and drug-nutrient interactions may eventually precipitate pyridoxine deficiency, which in turn may lead to seizures by disrupting GABAergic neurotransmission. This sheds the light on the need for increased clinical awareness and routine monitoring of pyridoxine levels in patients with PD, especially those undergoing significant therapeutic adjustments or exhibiting comorbidities that might interfere with their dietary intake such as gastrointestinal manifestations or depression. Such proactive measures could potentially mitigate the impact of this complication in patients with PD, ultimately enhancing patient care and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashwanth Pulluru
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sheida Koohsari
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ahmed Bayoumi
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mohammad Aladawi
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Zaid Najdawi
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mohamed Elfil
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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7
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Kwon D, Zhang K, Paul KC, Folle AD, Del Rosario I, Jacobs JP, Keener AM, Bronstein JM, Ritz B. Diet and the gut microbiome in patients with Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:89. [PMID: 38649365 PMCID: PMC11035608 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00681-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that gut microbiota influence Parkinson's disease (PD) via the gut-brain axis. Here, we examine associations between diet and gut microbiome composition and its predicted functional pathways in patients with PD. We assessed gut microbiota in fecal samples from 85 PD patients in central California using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Diet quality was assessed by calculating the Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015) based on the Diet History Questionnaire II. We examined associations of diet quality, fiber, and added sugar intake with microbial diversity, composition, taxon abundance, and predicted metagenomic profiles, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and sequencing platform. Higher HEI scores and fiber intake were associated with an increase in putative anti-inflammatory butyrate-producing bacteria, such as the genera Butyricicoccus and Coprococcus 1. Conversely, higher added sugar intake was associated with an increase in putative pro-inflammatory bacteria, such as the genera Klebsiella. Predictive metagenomics suggested that bacterial genes involved in the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide decreased with higher HEI scores, whereas a simultaneous decrease in genes involved in taurine degradation indicates less neuroinflammation. We found that a healthy diet, fiber, and added sugar intake affect the gut microbiome composition and its predicted metagenomic function in PD patients. This suggests that a healthy diet may support gut microbiome that has a positive influence on PD risk and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayoon Kwon
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angele, CA, USA
| | - Keren Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angele, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly C Paul
- Department of Neurology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aline D Folle
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angele, CA, USA
| | - Irish Del Rosario
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angele, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan P Jacobs
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adrienne M Keener
- Department of Neurology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeff M Bronstein
- Department of Neurology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angele, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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8
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Hull A, Atilano ML, Gergi L, Kinghorn KJ. Lysosomal storage, impaired autophagy and innate immunity in Gaucher and Parkinson's diseases: insights for drug discovery. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20220381. [PMID: 38368939 PMCID: PMC10874704 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Impairment of autophagic-lysosomal pathways is increasingly being implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD). GBA1 mutations cause the lysosomal storage disorder Gaucher disease (GD) and are the commonest known genetic risk factor for PD. GBA1 mutations have been shown to cause autophagic-lysosomal impairment. Defective autophagic degradation of unwanted cellular constituents is associated with several pathologies, including loss of normal protein homeostasis, particularly of α-synuclein, and innate immune dysfunction. The latter is observed both peripherally and centrally in PD and GD. Here, we will discuss the mechanistic links between autophagy and immune dysregulation, and the possible role of these pathologies in communication between the gut and brain in these disorders. Recent work in a fly model of neuronopathic GD (nGD) revealed intestinal autophagic defects leading to gastrointestinal dysfunction and immune activation. Rapamycin treatment partially reversed the autophagic block and reduced immune activity, in association with increased survival and improved locomotor performance. Alterations in the gut microbiome are a critical driver of neuroinflammation, and studies have revealed that eradication of the microbiome in nGD fly and mouse models of PD ameliorate brain inflammation. Following these observations, lysosomal-autophagic pathways, innate immune signalling and microbiome dysbiosis are discussed as potential therapeutic targets in PD and GD. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Understanding the endo-lysosomal network in neurodegeneration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hull
- Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Magda L Atilano
- Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Laith Gergi
- Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Kerri J Kinghorn
- Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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9
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Liu X, Liu Y, Liu J, Zhang H, Shan C, Guo Y, Gong X, Cui M, Li X, Tang M. Correlation between the gut microbiome and neurodegenerative diseases: a review of metagenomics evidence. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:833-845. [PMID: 37843219 PMCID: PMC10664138 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that the gut microbiota contributes to the development of neurodegenerative diseases via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. As a contributing factor, microbiota dysbiosis always occurs in pathological changes of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. High-throughput sequencing technology has helped to reveal that the bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and the enteric nervous system is facilitated by the microbiota's diverse microorganisms, and for both neuroimmune and neuroendocrine systems. Here, we summarize the bioinformatics analysis and wet-biology validation for the gut metagenomics in neurodegenerative diseases, with an emphasis on multi-omics studies and the gut virome. The pathogen-associated signaling biomarkers for identifying brain disorders and potential therapeutic targets are also elucidated. Finally, we discuss the role of diet, prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics and exercise interventions in remodeling the microbiome and reducing the symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junlin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hantao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chaofan Shan
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yinglu Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xun Gong
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mengmeng Cui
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiubin Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Min Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
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10
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Athari SZ, Farajdokht F, Keyhanmanesh R, Mohaddes G. AMPK Signaling Pathway as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Parkinson's Disease. Adv Pharm Bull 2024; 14:120-131. [PMID: 38585465 PMCID: PMC10997932 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2024.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Genetic factors, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, metabolic disorders, cytotoxic factors, and mitochondrial dysfunction are all involved in neuronal death in neurodegenerative diseases. The risk of PD can be higher in aging individuals due to decreased mitochondrial function, energy metabolism, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) function. The potential of AMPK to regulate neurodegenerative disorders lies in its ability to enhance antioxidant capacity, reduce oxidative stress, improve mitochondrial function, decrease mitophagy and macroautophagy, and inhibit inflammation. In addition, it has been shown that modulating the catalytic activity of AMPK can protect the nervous system. This article reviews the mechanisms by which AMPK activation can modulate PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Zanyar Athari
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Farajdokht
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rana Keyhanmanesh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gisou Mohaddes
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biomedical Education, California Health Sciences University, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Clovis, CA, USA
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11
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Blokhin V, Pavlova EN, Katunina EA, Nodel MR, Kataeva GV, Moskalets ER, Pronina TS, Ugrumov MV. Dopamine Synthesis in the Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic System in Patients at Risk of Developing Parkinson's Disease at the Prodromal Stage. J Clin Med 2024; 13:875. [PMID: 38337569 PMCID: PMC10856030 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13030875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is diagnosed by the onset of motor symptoms and treated long after its onset. Therefore, the development of the early diagnosis of PD is a priority for neurology. Advanced methodologies for this include (1) searching for patients at risk of developing prodromal PD based on premotor symptoms; (2) searching for changes in the body fluids in these patients as diagnostic biomarkers; (3) verifying the diagnosis of prodromal PD and diagnostic-value biomarkers using positron emission tomography (PET); (4) anticipating the development of motor symptoms. According to our data, the majority of patients (n = 14) at risk of developing PD selected in our previous study show pronounced interhemispheric asymmetry in the incorporation of 18F-DOPA into dopamine synthesis in the striatum. This was assessed for the caudate nucleus and putamen separately using the specific binding coefficient, asymmetry index, and putamen/caudate nucleus ratio. Interhemispheric asymmetry in the incorporation of 18F-DOPA into the striatum provides strong evidence for its dopaminergic denervation and the diagnostic value of previously identified blood biomarkers. Of the 17 patients at risk of developing prodromal PD studied using PET, 3 patients developed motor symptoms within a year. Thus, our study shows the promise of using the described methodology for the development of early diagnosis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Blokhin
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia; (V.B.); (E.N.P.); (T.S.P.)
| | - Ekaterina N. Pavlova
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia; (V.B.); (E.N.P.); (T.S.P.)
| | - Elena A. Katunina
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies of the Russian Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Moscow 117513, Russia;
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Marina R. Nodel
- Department of Nervous Diseases and Neurosurgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119435, Russia;
| | - Galina V. Kataeva
- Federal State Budget Institution Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (RRCRST) 70, Leningradskaya Street, Pesochny, St. Petersburg 197758, Russia;
| | | | - Tatiana S. Pronina
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia; (V.B.); (E.N.P.); (T.S.P.)
| | - Michael V. Ugrumov
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia; (V.B.); (E.N.P.); (T.S.P.)
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12
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Chai VZ, Farajzadeh T, Meng Y, Lo SB, Asaed TA, Taylor CJ, Glater EE. Chemical basis of microbiome preference in the nematode C. elegans. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1350. [PMID: 38228683 PMCID: PMC10791660 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51533-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Animals are exposed to many microbes in their environment, some of which have been shown to colonize various tissues including the intestine. The composition of the intestinal microbiota affects many aspects of the host's physiology and health. Despite this, very little is known about whether host behavior contributes to the colonization. We approach this question in the nematode C. elegans, which feeds on bacteria and also harbors an intestinal microbiome. We examined the behavior of C. elegans towards CeMbio, a simplified microbiome consisting of twelve strains that represent the bacteria found in the animal's natural environment. We observed that C. elegans raised on E. coli shows a strong preference for three members of CeMbio (Lelliottia amnigena JUb66, Enterobacter hormaechei CEent1, and Pantoea nemavictus BIGb0393) compared to E. coli. Previously, these three bacterial strains have been shown to support faster C. elegans development time than E. coli OP50 and are low colonizers compared to eight other members of CeMbio. We then used gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry to identify that these three bacteria release isoamyl alcohol, a previously described C. elegans chemoattractant. We suggest that C. elegans seeks bacteria that release isoamyl alcohol and support faster growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Z Chai
- Department of Neuroscience, Pomona College, Claremont, CA, USA
| | | | - Yufei Meng
- Department of Neuroscience, Pomona College, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - Sokhna B Lo
- Department of Neuroscience, Pomona College, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - Tymmaa A Asaed
- Department of Neuroscience, Pomona College, Claremont, CA, USA
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Kiran NS, Yashaswini C, Chatterjee A. Noxious ramifications of cosmetic pollutants on gastrointestinal microbiome: A pathway to neurological disorders. Life Sci 2024; 336:122311. [PMID: 38043908 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
On exposure to cosmetic pollutants, gastrointestinal dysbiosis, which is characterised by a disturbance in the gut microbiota, has come into focus as a possible contributor to the occurrence of neurotoxic consequences. It is normal practice to use personal care products that include parabens, phthalates, sulphates, triclosans/triclocarbans and micro/nano plastics. These substances have been found in a variety of bodily fluids and tissues, demonstrating their systemic dispersion. Being exposed to these cosmetic pollutants has been linked in recent research to neurotoxicity, including cognitive decline and neurodevelopmental problems. A vital part of sustaining gut health and general well-being is the gut flora. Increased intestinal permeability, persistent inflammation, and impaired metabolism may result from disruption of the gut microbial environment, which may in turn contribute to neurotoxicity. The link between gastrointestinal dysbiosis and the neurotoxic effects brought on by cosmetic pollutants may be explained by a number of processes, primarily the gut-brain axis. For the purpose of creating preventative and therapeutic measures, it is crucial to comprehend the intricate interactions involving cosmetic pollutants, gastrointestinal dysbiosis, and neurotoxicity. This review provides an in-depth understanding of the various hazardous cosmetic pollutants and its potential role in the occurrence of neurological disorders via gastrointestinal dysbiosis, providing insights into various described and hypothetical mechanisms regarding the complex toxic effects of these industrial pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelakanta Sarvashiva Kiran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Kattigenahalli, Yelahanka, Bangalore, Karnataka 560064, India
| | - Chandrashekar Yashaswini
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Kattigenahalli, Yelahanka, Bangalore, Karnataka 560064, India
| | - Ankita Chatterjee
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Kattigenahalli, Yelahanka, Bangalore, Karnataka 560064, India.
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14
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Zhang X, Tang B, Guo J. Parkinson's disease and gut microbiota: from clinical to mechanistic and therapeutic studies. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:59. [PMID: 38098067 PMCID: PMC10722742 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases. The typical symptomatology of PD includes motor symptoms; however, a range of nonmotor symptoms, such as intestinal issues, usually occur before the motor symptoms. Various microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract can profoundly influence the physiopathology of the central nervous system through neurological, endocrine, and immune system pathways involved in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. In addition, extensive evidence suggests that the gut microbiota is strongly associated with PD. This review summarizes the latest findings on microbial changes in PD and their clinical relevance, describes the underlying mechanisms through which intestinal bacteria may mediate PD, and discusses the correlations between gut microbes and anti-PD drugs. In addition, this review outlines the status of research on microbial therapies for PD and the future directions of PD-gut microbiota research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, 410008, China
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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15
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Liu T, Wu H, Wei J. The Construction and Validation of a Novel Ferroptosis-Related Gene Signature in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17203. [PMID: 38139032 PMCID: PMC10742934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As a newly discovered regulated cell death mode, ferroptosis is associated with the development of Parkinson's disease (PD) and has attracted much attention. Nonetheless, the relationship between ferroptosis and PD pathogenesis remains unclear. The GSE8397 dataset includes GPL96 and GPL97 platforms. The differential genes were analyzed by immune infiltration and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) (p < 0.05), and differential multiple |logFC| > 1 and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) were used to screen differential expression genes (DEGs). The intersection with 368 ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) was conducted for gene ontology/Kyoto encyclopedia of gene and genome (GO/KEGG) enrichment analysis, gene expression analysis, correlation analysis, single-cell sequencing analysis, and prognosis analysis (area under the curve, AUC) and to predict relevant miRNAs and construct network diagrams using Cytoscape. The intersection genes of differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes (DEFRGs) and mitochondrial dysfunction genes were validated in the substantia nigra of MPTP-induced PD mice models by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, and the protein-binding pocket was predicted using the DoGSiteScorer database. According to the results, the estimated scores were positively correlated with the stromal scores or immune scores in the GPL96 and GPL97 platforms. In the GPL96 platform, the GSEA showed that differential genes were mainly involved in the GnRH signaling pathway, B cell receptor signaling pathway, inositol phosphate metabolism, etc. In the GPL97 platform, the GSEA showed that differential genes were mainly involved in the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, axon guidance, Wnt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, etc. We obtained 26 DEFRGs, including 12 up-regulated genes and 14 down-regulated genes, with good correlation. The area under the prognostic analysis curve (AUC > 0.700) showed a good prognostic ability. We found that they were enriched in different neuronal cells, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, and microglial cells, and their expression scores were positively correlated, and selected genes with an AUC curve ≥0.9 were used to predict miRNA, including miR-214/761/3619-5p, miR-203, miR-204/204b/211, miR-128/128ab, miR-199ab-5p, etc. For the differentially expressed ferroptosis-mitochondrial dysfunction-related genes (DEF-MDRGs) (AR, ISCU, SNCA, and PDK4), in the substantia nigra of mice, compared with the Saline group, the expression of AR and ISCU was decreased (p < 0.05), and the expression of α-Syn and PDK4 was increased (p < 0.05) in the MPTP group. Therapeutic drugs that target SNCA include ABBV-0805, Prasinezumab, Cinpanemab, and Gardenin A. The results of this study suggest that cellular DEF-MDRGs might play an important role in PD. AR, ISCU, SNCA, and PDK4 have the potential to be specific biomarkers for the early diagnosis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jianshe Wei
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (T.L.)
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16
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Atilano ML, Hull A, Romila CA, Adams ML, Wildfire J, Ureña E, Dyson M, Ivan-Castillo-Quan J, Partridge L, Kinghorn KJ. Autophagic dysfunction and gut microbiota dysbiosis cause chronic immune activation in a Drosophila model of Gaucher disease. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1011063. [PMID: 38127816 PMCID: PMC10734978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the GBA1 gene cause the lysosomal storage disorder Gaucher disease (GD) and are the greatest known genetic risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD). Communication between the gut and brain and immune dysregulation are increasingly being implicated in neurodegenerative disorders such as PD. Here, we show that flies lacking the Gba1b gene, the main fly orthologue of GBA1, display widespread NF-kB signalling activation, including gut inflammation, and brain glial activation. We also demonstrate intestinal autophagic defects, gut dysfunction, and microbiome dysbiosis. Remarkably, modulating the microbiome of Gba1b knockout flies, by raising them under germ-free conditions, partially ameliorates lifespan, locomotor and immune phenotypes. Moreover, we show that modulation of the immune deficiency (IMD) pathway is detrimental to the survival of Gba1 deficient flies. We also reveal that direct stimulation of autophagy by rapamycin treatment achieves similar benefits to germ-free conditions independent of gut bacterial load. Consistent with this, we show that pharmacologically blocking autophagosomal-lysosomal fusion, mimicking the autophagy defects of Gba1 depleted cells, is sufficient to stimulate intestinal immune activation. Overall, our data elucidate a mechanism whereby an altered microbiome, coupled with defects in autophagy, drive chronic activation of NF-kB signaling in a Gba1 loss-of-function model. It also highlights that elimination of the microbiota or stimulation of autophagy to remove immune mediators, rather than prolonged immunosuppression, may represent effective therapeutic avenues for GBA1-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda L. Atilano
- UCL Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Hull
- UCL Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catalina-Andreea Romila
- UCL Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mirjam L. Adams
- UCL Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob Wildfire
- UCL Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Enric Ureña
- UCL Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Miranda Dyson
- UCL Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Ivan-Castillo-Quan
- Section on Islet Cell & Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Linda Partridge
- UCL Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kerri J. Kinghorn
- UCL Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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17
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Bellini G, Benvenuti L, Ippolito C, Frosini D, Segnani C, Rettura F, Pancetti A, Bertani L, D'Antongiovanni V, Palermo G, Del Prete E, Antonioli L, Nardini V, Morganti R, Pellegrini C, Bernardini N, Ceravolo R, Fornai M, Bellini M. Intestinal histomorphological and molecular alterations in patients with Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:3440-3450. [PMID: 36263629 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Changes in gut microbiota composition, enteric inflammation, impairments of the intestinal epithelial barrier and neuroplastic changes in the enteric nervous system have been reported in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and could contribute to the onset of both neurological and gastrointestinal symptoms. However, their mutual interplay has rarely been investigated. This study evaluated, in an integrated manner, changes in faecal microbiota composition, morphofunctional alterations of colonic mucosal barrier and changes of inflammatory markers in blood and stools of PD patients. METHODS Nineteen PD patients and nineteen asymptomatic subjects were enrolled. Blood lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP, marker of altered intestinal permeability) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels, as well as stool IL-1β and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) levels, were evaluated. Gut microbiota analysis was performed. Epithelial mucins, collagen fibres, claudin-1 and S100-positive glial cells as markers of an impairment of the intestinal barrier, mucosal remodelling and enteric glial activation were evaluated on colonic mucosal specimens collected during colonoscopy. RESULTS Faecal microbiota analysis revealed a significant difference in the α-diversity in PD patients compared to controls, while no differences were found in the β-diversity. Compared to controls, PD patients showed significant chenags in plasma LBP levels, as well as faecal TNF and IL-1β levels. The histological analysis showed a decrease in epithelial neutral mucins and claudin-1 expression and an increased expression of acidic mucins, collagen fibres and S100-positive glial cells. CONCLUSIONS Parkinson's disease patients are characterized by enteric inflammation and increased intestinal epithelial barrier permeability, as well as colonic mucosal barrier remodelling, associated with changes in gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Bellini
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Benvenuti
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Ippolito
- Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Frosini
- Department of Medical Specialties, Neurology Unit, AOUP, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Segnani
- Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Rettura
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Pancetti
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Bertani
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Surgery and Gastroenterology, Tuscany North-West ASL, Pontedera Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vanessa D'Antongiovanni
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Palermo
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Luca Antonioli
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nardini
- Anatomia Patologica 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Carolina Pellegrini
- Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nunzia Bernardini
- Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Ceravolo
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Unit of Neurology, Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Bellini
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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18
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Mitra S, Dash R, Nishan AA, Habiba SU, Moon IS. Brain modulation by the gut microbiota: From disease to therapy. J Adv Res 2023; 53:153-173. [PMID: 36496175 PMCID: PMC10658262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota (GM) and brain are strongly associated, which significantly affects neuronal development and disorders. GM-derived metabolites modulate neuronal function and influence many cascades in age-related neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Because of the dual role of GM in neuroprotection and neurodegeneration, understanding the balance between beneficial and harmful bacteria is crucial for applying this approach to clinical therapies. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review briefly discusses the role of the gut-brain relationship in promoting brain and cognitive function. Although a healthy gut environment is helpful for brain function, gut dysbiosis can disrupt the brain's environment and create a vicious cycle of degenerative cascades. The ways in which the GM population can affect brain function and the development of neurodegeneration are also discussed. In the treatment and management of NDDs, the beneficial effects of methods targeting GM populations and their derivatives, including probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) are also highlighted. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPT OF THE REVIEW In this review, we aimed to provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of the gut microbe-brain relationship and their twin roles in neurodegeneration progression and therapeutic applications. Here, we attempted to highlight the different pathways connecting the brain and gut, together with the role of GM in neuroprotection and neuronal development. Furthermore, potential roles of GM metabolites in the pathogenesis of brain disorders and in strategies for its treatment are also investigated. By analyzing existing in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies, this review attempts to identify new and promising therapeutic strategies for central nervous system (CNS) disorders. As the connection between the gut microbe-brain relationship and responses to NDD treatments is less studied, this review will provide new insights into the global mechanisms of GM modulation in disease progression, and identify potential future perspectives for developing new therapies to treat NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Mitra
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Raju Dash
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Amena Al Nishan
- Department of Medicine, Chittagong Medical College, Chittagong 4203, Bangladesh
| | - Sarmin Ummey Habiba
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Berthouzoz E, Lazarevic V, Zekeridou A, Castro M, Debove I, Aybek S, Schrenzel J, Burkhard PR, Fleury V. Oral and intestinal dysbiosis in Parkinson's disease. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2023; 179:937-946. [PMID: 36934020 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The suspicion of an origin of Parkinson's disease (PD) at the periphery of the body and the involvement of environmental risk factors in the pathogenesis of PD have directed the attention of the scientific community towards the microbiota. The microbiota represents all the microorganisms residing both in and on a host. It plays an essential role in the physiological functioning of the host. In this article, we review the dysbiosis repeatedly demonstrated in PD and how it influences PD symptoms. Dysbiosis is associated with both motor and non-motor PD symptoms. In animal models, dysbiosis only promotes symptoms in individuals genetically susceptible to Parkinson's disease, suggesting that dysbiosis is a risk factor but not a cause of Parkinson's disease. We also review how dysbiosis contributes to the pathophysiology of PD. Dysbiosis induces numerous and complex metabolic changes, resulting in increased intestinal permeability, local and systemic inflammation, production of bacterial amyloid proteins that promote α-synuclein aggregation, as well as a decrease in short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria that have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective potential. In addition, we review how dysbiosis decreases the efficacy of dopaminergic treatments. We then discuss the interest of dysbiosis analysis as a biomarker of Parkinson's disease. Finally, we give an overview of how interventions modulating the gut microbiota such as dietary interventions, pro-biotics, intestinal decontamination and fecal microbiota transplantation could influence the course of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Berthouzoz
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - V Lazarevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Genomic Research Laboratory, Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - A Zekeridou
- Division of Regenerative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - M Castro
- Movement disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - I Debove
- Movement disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - S Aybek
- Psychosomatic Medicine Unit, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Schrenzel
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Genomic Research Laboratory, Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - P R Burkhard
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Movement disorders Unit, Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - V Fleury
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Movement disorders Unit, Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland.
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20
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Saxami G, Kerezoudi EN, Eliopoulos C, Arapoglou D, Kyriacou A. The Gut-Organ Axis within the Human Body: Gut Dysbiosis and the Role of Prebiotics. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2023. [PMID: 37895405 PMCID: PMC10608660 DOI: 10.3390/life13102023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota (GM) is a complex microbial ecosystem that colonises the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and is comprised of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. The GM has a symbiotic relationship with its host that is fundamental for body homeostasis. The GM is not limited to the scope of the GIT, but there are bidirectional interactions between the GM and other organs, highlighting the concept of the "gut-organ axis". Any deviation from the normal composition of the GM, termed "microbial dysbiosis", is implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Only a few studies have demonstrated a relationship between GM modifications and disease phenotypes, and it is still unknown whether an altered GM contributes to a disease or simply reflects its status. Restoration of the GM with probiotics and prebiotics has been postulated, but evidence for the effects of prebiotics is limited. Prebiotics are substrates that are "selectively utilized by host microorganisms, conferring a health benefit". This study highlights the bidirectional relationship between the gut and vital human organs and demonstrates the relationship between GM dysbiosis and the emergence of certain representative diseases. Finally, this article focuses on the potential of prebiotics as a target therapy to manipulate the GM and presents the gaps in the literature and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Saxami
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (E.N.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Evangelia N. Kerezoudi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (E.N.K.); (A.K.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Christos Eliopoulos
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—Demeter, L. Sof. Venizelou 1, 14123 Lykovryssi, Greece; (C.E.); (D.A.)
| | - Dimitrios Arapoglou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—Demeter, L. Sof. Venizelou 1, 14123 Lykovryssi, Greece; (C.E.); (D.A.)
| | - Adamantini Kyriacou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (E.N.K.); (A.K.)
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21
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Donahue R, Sahoo JK, Rudolph S, Chen Y, Kaplan DL. Mucosa-Mimetic Materials for the Study of Intestinal Homeostasis and Disease. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300301. [PMID: 37329337 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Mucus is a viscoelastic hydrogel that lines and protects the epithelial surfaces of the body that houses commensal microbiota and functions in host defense against pathogen invasion. As a first-line physical and biochemical barrier, intestinal mucus is involved in immune surveillance and spatial organization of the microbiome, while dysfunction of the gut mucus barrier is implicated in several diseases. Mucus can be collected from a variety of mammalian sources for study, however, established methods are challenging in terms of scale and efficiency, as well as with regard to rheological similarity to native human mucus. Therefore, there is a need for mucus-mimetic hydrogels that more accurately reflect the physical and chemical profile of the in vivo human epithelial environment to enable the investigation of the role of mucus in human disease and interactions with the intestinal microbiome. This review will evaluate the material properties of synthetic mucus mimics to date designed to address the above need, with a focus toward an improved understanding of the biochemical and immunological functions of these biopolymers related to utility for research and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Donahue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Jugal Kishore Sahoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Sara Rudolph
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02155, USA
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22
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Schrodt C, Mahavni A, McNamara GPJ, Tallman MD, Bruger BT, Schwarz L, Bhattacharyya A. The gut microbiome and depression: a review. Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:953-959. [PMID: 36039916 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2111745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent explorations into the gut microbiome of humans and animals reveal implications in chronic physical and mental health disorders. Relatively little is known regarding the relationship of gut microbiome and depression. In the current review, we reviewed existing scientific data related to the gut microbiome and healthy patients versus patients with depression. Additionally, scientific literature containing the utility of microbiome interventions to improve depression symptoms was reviewed. METHODS A PubMed and Clinical Key literature search combined the key terms 'gut,' 'microbiome,' 'bacteria,' and 'depression' to identify studies investigating these relationships. RESULTS 76 relevant articles were identified. Human and animal studies reviewed examined marked alterations in the dominant bacterial phyla in the gut of individuals with depression, the connection between leaky gut and neuroinflammation in depression, brain regulatory centers impacted by changes in the gut microbiome, and the benefits of the addition of a probiotic/prebiotic for gut and mental health. CONCLUSIONS The current review confirmed the suspected direct communication between the gut microbiome, brain functioning, and depression. Additionally, studies suggest antibiotics disrupt the gut microbiome. There are important implications for psychiatrists in providing opportunities for intervention and enhancement of current treatments for individuals with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Schrodt
- Department of Psychiatry, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anika Mahavni
- Department of Psychiatry, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Griffin P J McNamara
- Department of Psychiatry, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Morgan D Tallman
- Department of Psychiatry, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bryanna T Bruger
- Department of Psychiatry, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lauren Schwarz
- Department of Psychiatry, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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23
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Widjaja F, Rietjens IMCM. From-Toilet-to-Freezer: A Review on Requirements for an Automatic Protocol to Collect and Store Human Fecal Samples for Research Purposes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2658. [PMID: 37893032 PMCID: PMC10603957 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition, viability and metabolic functionality of intestinal microbiota play an important role in human health and disease. Studies on intestinal microbiota are often based on fecal samples, because these can be sampled in a non-invasive way, although procedures for sampling, processing and storage vary. This review presents factors to consider when developing an automated protocol for sampling, processing and storing fecal samples: donor inclusion criteria, urine-feces separation in smart toilets, homogenization, aliquoting, usage or type of buffer to dissolve and store fecal material, temperature and time for processing and storage and quality control. The lack of standardization and low-throughput of state-of-the-art fecal collection procedures promote a more automated protocol. Based on this review, an automated protocol is proposed. Fecal samples should be collected and immediately processed under anaerobic conditions at either room temperature (RT) for a maximum of 4 h or at 4 °C for no more than 24 h. Upon homogenization, preferably in the absence of added solvent to allow addition of a buffer of choice at a later stage, aliquots obtained should be stored at either -20 °C for up to a few months or -80 °C for a longer period-up to 2 years. Protocols for quality control should characterize microbial composition and viability as well as metabolic functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Widjaja
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands;
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24
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Shvachiy L, Geraldes V, Outeiro TF. Uncovering the Molecular Link Between Lead Toxicity and Parkinson's Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:321-335. [PMID: 36641635 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions around the world. The etiology of PD remains unknown, but environmental and occupational exposures to heavy metals are likely at play, and may impact the severity of the disease. Lead is a toxin known to affect many organs in the body throughout life, particularly the central nervous system. Recent Advances: In this study, we summarize and examine the evidence for such environmental and/or occupational exposures, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms associated with lead exposure and its potential contribution to the onset of parkinsonism in PD. In particular, populational studies suggest higher bone and blood lead levels are associated with increased risk of PD. Interestingly, low levels of lead exposure in the very early stages of life cause increase the production of alpha-synuclein protein in animal models. Critical Issues: Although the specific mechanisms underlying this association have not been fully assessed, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are likely implicated and may explain the toxic effects that connect lead exposure to parkinsonism. Future Directions: Additional pre-clinical and clinical studies should be performed in order to further document the molecular link between lead toxicity and PD, as this may open novel perspectives in terms of disease prevention. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 321-335.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Shvachiy
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Cardiovascular Centre of the University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vera Geraldes
- Cardiovascular Centre of the University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Scientific Employee with an Honorary Contract at Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
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25
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Raber J, Sharpton TJ. Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Neurological and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Semin Neurol 2023; 43:634-644. [PMID: 37607587 PMCID: PMC10953489 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Increasing research links the gut microbiome to neurodegenerative disorders. The gut microbiome communicates with the central nervous system via the gut-brain axis and affects behavioral and cognitive phenotypes. Dysbiosis (a dysfunctional microbiome) drives increased intestinal permeability and inflammation that can negatively affect the brain via the gut-brain axis. Healthier metabolic and lipid profiles and cognitive phenotypes are observed in individuals with more distinct microbiomes. In this review, we discuss the role of the gut microbiome and gut-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease and related animal models, in cancer and cancer treatments, and in metabolic syndrome. We also discuss strategies to improve the gut microbiome and ultimately brain function. Because healthier cognitive phenotypes are observed in individuals with more distinct microbiomes, increased efforts are warranted to develop therapeutic strategies for those at increased risk of developing neurological disorders and patients diagnosed with those disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, Oregon
| | - Thomas J. Sharpton
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
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26
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Yang X, He X, Xu S, Zhang Y, Mo C, Lai Y, Song Y, Yan Z, Ai P, Qian Y, Xiao Q. Effect of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain Shirota supplementation on clinical responses and gut microbiome in Parkinson's disease. Food Funct 2023; 14:6828-6839. [PMID: 37470081 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00728f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor issues and a range of non-motor symptoms. Microbial therapy may be a useful approach for the treatment of PD. However, comprehensive analyses of the impact of probiotic supplementation on motor and non-motor symptoms are still lacking and the mechanisms whereby the treatment works remain unclear. This study investigated Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain Shirota (LcS) supplementation on clinical responses, gut microbiota and faecal metabolites in PD patients. Patients (n = 128) were randomised to receive either probiotics (LcS-fermented milk, containing 1 × 1010 living LcS cells) or placebo for 12 weeks. All participants were examined and the basic clinical features were recorded using questionnaires. Fecal and blood samples were collected at the baseline and after 12 weeks for further omics analysis. We found that LcS intervention significantly alleviated patients' constipation-related symptoms and non-motor symptoms. We found no significant shifts in the composition of gut microbiota or faecal metabolites. Several taxa were differentially abundant between the groups, especially with regard to LcS intake, which increased the abundance of the genus Lacticaseibacillus in the probiotic group compared with those at the baseline and in the placebo group. The faecal concentration of L-tyrosine was significantly decreased and the plasma concentration of L-tyrosine was increased in the probiotic group compared with the placebo group. Our study demonstrated that although supplementation with LcS did not induce major changes in the global gut microbiome, the probiotic had favorable effects in managing constipation and other non-motor symptoms in PD patients. This study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR1800016795.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Yang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaoqin He
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Shaoqing Xu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Chengjun Mo
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Yiqiu Lai
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Yanyan Song
- Department of Biostatistics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zheng Yan
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Penghui Ai
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Yiwei Qian
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Qin Xiao
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.
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27
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Garcia Santa Cruz B, Husch A, Hertel F. Machine learning models for diagnosis and prognosis of Parkinson's disease using brain imaging: general overview, main challenges, and future directions. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1216163. [PMID: 37539346 PMCID: PMC10394631 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1216163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive and complex neurodegenerative disorder associated with age that affects motor and cognitive functions. As there is currently no cure, early diagnosis and accurate prognosis are essential to increase the effectiveness of treatment and control its symptoms. Medical imaging, specifically magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), has emerged as a valuable tool for developing support systems to assist in diagnosis and prognosis. The current literature aims to improve understanding of the disease's structural and functional manifestations in the brain. By applying artificial intelligence to neuroimaging, such as deep learning (DL) and other machine learning (ML) techniques, previously unknown relationships and patterns can be revealed in this high-dimensional data. However, several issues must be addressed before these solutions can be safely integrated into clinical practice. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent ML techniques analyzed for the automatic diagnosis and prognosis of PD in brain MRI. The main challenges in applying ML to medical diagnosis and its implications for PD are also addressed, including current limitations for safe translation into hospitals. These challenges are analyzed at three levels: disease-specific, task-specific, and technology-specific. Finally, potential future directions for each challenge and future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Husch
- Imaging AI Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Frank Hertel
- National Department of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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28
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Brown GC, Camacho M, Williams‐Gray CH. The Endotoxin Hypothesis of Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2023; 38:1143-1155. [PMID: 37157885 PMCID: PMC10947365 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The endotoxin hypothesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the idea that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxins contribute to the pathogenesis of this disorder. LPS endotoxins are found in, and released from, the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, for example in the gut. It is proposed that gut dysfunction in early PD leads to elevated LPS levels in the gut wall and blood, which promotes both α-synuclein aggregation in the enteric neurons and a peripheral inflammatory response. Communication to the brain via circulating LPS and cytokines in the blood and/or the gut-brain axis leads to neuroinflammation and spreading of α-synuclein pathology, exacerbating neurodegeneration in brainstem nuclei and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, and manifesting in the clinical symptoms of PD. The evidence supporting this hypothesis includes: (1) gut dysfunction, permeability, and bacterial changes occur early in PD, (2) serum levels of LPS are increased in a proportion of PD patients, (3) LPS induces α-synuclein expression, aggregation, and neurotoxicity, (4) LPS causes activation of peripheral monocytes leading to inflammatory cytokine production, and (5) blood LPS causes brain inflammation and specific loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, mediated by microglia. If the hypothesis is correct, then treatment options might include: (1) changing the gut microbiome, (2) reducing gut permeability, (3) reducing circulating LPS levels, or (4) blocking the response of immune cells and microglia to LPS. However, the hypothesis has a number of limitations and requires further testing, in particular whether reducing LPS levels can reduce PD incidence, progression, or severity. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy C. Brown
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Marta Camacho
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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29
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Montanari M, Imbriani P, Bonsi P, Martella G, Peppe A. Beyond the Microbiota: Understanding the Role of the Enteric Nervous System in Parkinson's Disease from Mice to Human. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1560. [PMID: 37371655 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a nerve network composed of neurons and glial cells that regulates the motor and secretory functions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. There is abundant evidence of mutual communication between the brain and the GI tract. Dysfunction of these connections appears to be involved in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Alterations in the ENS have been shown to occur very early in PD, even before central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Post-mortem studies of PD patients have shown aggregation of α-synuclein (αS) in specific subtypes of neurons in the ENS. Subsequently, αS spreads retrogradely in the CNS through preganglionic vagal fibers to this nerve's dorsal motor nucleus (DMV) and other central nervous structures. Here, we highlight the role of the ENS in PD pathogenesis based on evidence observed in animal models and using a translational perspective. While acknowledging the putative role of the microbiome in the gut-brain axis (GBA), this review provides a comprehensive view of the ENS not only as a "second brain", but also as a window into the "first brain", a potentially crucial element in the search for new therapeutic approaches that can delay and even cure the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Montanari
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Imbriani
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Clinical Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Bonsi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Martella
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Peppe
- Clinical Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
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30
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Gordon LC, Martin KL, Torres N, Benabid A, Mitrofanis J, Stone J, Moro C, Johnstone DM. Remote photobiomodulation targeted at the abdomen or legs provides effective neuroprotection against parkinsonian MPTP insult. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 57:1611-1624. [PMID: 36949610 PMCID: PMC10947039 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM)-the irradiation of tissue with low-intensity light-mitigates neuropathology in rodent models of Parkinson's disease (PD) when targeted at the head ('transcranial PBM'). In humans, however, attenuation of light energy by the scalp and skull necessitates a different approach. We have reported that targeting PBM at the body also protects the brain by a mechanism that spreads from the irradiated tissue ('remote PBM'), although the optimal peripheral tissue target for remote PBM is currently unclear. This study compared the neuroprotective efficacy of remote PBM targeting the abdomen or leg with transcranial PBM, in mouse and non-human primate models of PD. In a pilot study, the neurotoxin MPTP was used to induce PD in non-human primates; PBM (670 nm, 50 mW/cm2 , 6 min/day) of the abdomen (n = 1) was associated with fewer clinical signs and more surviving midbrain dopaminergic cells relative to MPTP-injected non-human primates not treated with PBM. Validation studies in MPTP-injected mice (n = 10 per group) revealed a significant rescue of midbrain dopaminergic cells in mice receiving PBM to the abdomen (~80%, p < .0001) or legs (~80%, p < .0001), with comparable rescue of axonal terminals in the striatum. Strikingly, this degree of neuroprotection was at least as, if not more, pronounced than that achieved with transcranial PBM. These findings confirm that remote PBM provides neuroprotection against MPTP-induced destruction of the key circuitry underlying PD, with both the abdomen and legs serving as viable remote targets. This should provide the impetus for a comprehensive investigation of remote PBM-induced neuroprotection in other models of PD and, ultimately, human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke C. Gordon
- School of Medical SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Kristy L. Martin
- School of Medical SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Napoleon Torres
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, Clinatec38000GrenobleFrance
| | | | - John Mitrofanis
- School of Medical SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, Clinatec38000GrenobleFrance
| | - Jonathan Stone
- School of Medical SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Cecile Moro
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, Clinatec38000GrenobleFrance
| | - Daniel M. Johnstone
- School of Medical SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Biomedical Sciences & PharmacyUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
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31
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Zhuo Y, Li X, He Z, Lu M. Pathological mechanisms of neuroimmune response and multitarget disease-modifying therapies of mesenchymal stem cells in Parkinson's disease. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:80. [PMID: 37041580 PMCID: PMC10091615 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03280-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN); the etiology and pathological mechanism of the disease are still unclear. Recent studies have shown that the activation of a neuroimmune response plays a key role in the development of PD. Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn), the primary pathological marker of PD, can gather in the SN and trigger a neuroinflammatory response by activating microglia which can further activate the dopaminergic neuron's neuroimmune response mediated by reactive T cells through antigen presentation. It has been shown that adaptive immunity and antigen presentation processes are involved in the process of PD and further research on the neuroimmune response mechanism may open new methods for its prevention and therapy. While current therapeutic regimens are still focused on controlling clinical symptoms, applications such as immunoregulatory strategies can delay the symptoms and the process of neurodegeneration. In this review, we summarized the progression of the neuroimmune response in PD based on recent studies and focused on the use of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy and challenges as a strategy of disease-modifying therapy with multiple targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Zhengwen He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.
| | - Ming Lu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, The Second Affiliated Hospital (the 921st Hospital of PLA), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410003, Hunan, China.
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32
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Mitra S, Munni YA, Dash R, Sadhu T, Barua L, Islam MA, Chowdhury D, Bhattacharjee D, Mazumder K, Moon IS. Gut Microbiota in Autophagy Regulation: New Therapeutic Perspective in Neurodegeneration. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040957. [PMID: 37109487 PMCID: PMC10144697 DOI: 10.3390/life13040957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota and the brain are related via a complex bidirectional interconnective network. Thus, intestinal homeostasis is a crucial factor for the brain, as it can control the environment of the central nervous system and play a significant role in disease progression. The link between neuropsychological behavior or neurodegeneration and gut dysbiosis is well established, but many involved pathways remain unknown. Accumulating studies showed that metabolites derived from gut microbiota are involved in the autophagy activation of various organs, including the brain, one of the major pathways of the protein clearance system that is essential for protein aggregate clearance. On the other hand, some metabolites are evidenced to disrupt the autophagy process, which can be a modulator of neurodegeneration. However, the detailed mechanism of autophagy regulation by gut microbiota remains elusive, and little research only focused on that. Here we tried to evaluate the crosstalk between gut microbiota metabolites and impaired autophagy of the central nervous system in neurodegeneration and the key to future research regarding gut dysbiosis and compromised autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Mitra
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeasmin Akter Munni
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Raju Dash
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Toma Sadhu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Asian University for Women, Chittagong 4000, Bangladesh
| | - Largess Barua
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Md. Ariful Islam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Dipannita Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Debpriya Bhattacharjee
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg Technical University Cottbus Senftenberg, D-03013 Cottbus, Germany
| | - Kishor Mazumder
- Department of Pharmacy, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
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33
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Nie S, Jing Z, Wang J, Deng Y, Zhang Y, Ye Z, Ge Y. The link between increased Desulfovibrio and disease severity in Parkinson's disease. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:3033-3045. [PMID: 36995383 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive and incurable neurodegenerative disease, has taken a huge economic toll and medical burden on our society. Increasing evidence has shown a strong link between PD and the gut microbiome, but studies on the relationship between the gut microbiome and the severity of PD are limited. In this study, 90 fecal samples were collected from newly diagnosed and untreated patients with PD (n = 47) and matched healthy control subjects (n = 43). The 16S rRNA amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed, aiming to uncover the connection between the gut microbiome and disease severity in PD. The results showed that Desulfovibrio was significantly increased in PD compared to healthy controls and positively correlated with disease severity. The increase in Desulfovibrio was mainly driven by enhanced homogeneous selection and weakened drift. Moreover, through metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) analysis, a Desulfovibrio MAG (MAG58) was obtained which was also positively correlated with disease severity. MAG58 possesses a complete assimilatory sulfate reduction pathway and a near-complete dissimilatory sulfate reduction pathway to produce hydrogen sulfide which may influence the development of PD. Based on these results, a potential pathogenic mechanism was presented to illustrate how the increased Desulfovibrio accelerates the development of PD by producing excessive hydrogen sulfide. The present study highlighted the vital role of Desulfovibrio in the development of PD, which may provide a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of PD. KEY POINTS: • The evidence for the link between increased Desulfovibrio and disease severity in PD • A Desulfovibrio MAG was obtained which was correlated with PD • A model was presented to illustrate how increased Desulfovibrio causes PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhongwang Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jichen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ye Deng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yingshuang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zheng Ye
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Yuan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing, 100085, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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34
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Claudino Dos Santos JC, Lima MPP, Brito GADC, Viana GSDB. Role of enteric glia and microbiota-gut-brain axis in parkinson disease pathogenesis. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 84:101812. [PMID: 36455790 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The microbiota-gut-brain axis or simple gut-brain axis (GBA) is a complex and interactive bidirectional communication network linking the gut to the brain. Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiome have been linked to GBA dysfunction, central nervous system (CNS) inflammation, and dopaminergic degeneration, as those occurring in Parkinson's disease (PD). Besides inflammation, the activation of brain microglia is known to play a central role in the damage of dopaminergic neurons. Inflammation is attributed to the toxic effect of aggregated α-synuclein, in the brain of PD patients. It has been suggested that the α-synuclein misfolding might begin in the gut and spread "prion-like", via the vagus nerve into the lower brainstem and ultimately to the midbrain, known as the Braak hypothesis. In this review, we discuss how the microbiota-gut-brain axis and environmental influences interact with the immune system to promote a pro-inflammatory state that is involved in the initiation and progression of misfolded α-synuclein proteins and the beginning of the early non-motor symptoms of PD. Furthermore, we describe a speculative bidirectional model that explains how the enteric glia is involved in the initiation and spreading of inflammation, epithelial barrier disruption, and α-synuclein misfolding, finally reaching the central nervous system and contributing to neuroinflammatory processes involved with the initial non-motor symptoms of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlio César Claudino Dos Santos
- Medical School of the Christus University Center - UNICHRISTUS, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Graduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Federal University of Ceará - UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | | | - Gerly Anne de Castro Brito
- Physiology and Pharmacology Department of the Federal University of Ceará - UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Morphology Department of the Federal University of Ceará - UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Kaushik A, Kujawska M, Ahmed EA, Batiha GES. SARS-COV-2 infection and Parkinson's disease: Possible links and perspectives. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:952-975. [PMID: 36717481 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The hallmarks are the presence of Lewy bodies composed mainly of aggregated α-synuclein and immune activation and inflammation in the brain. The neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2 with induction of cytokine storm and neuroinflammation can contribute to the development of PD. Interestingly, overexpression of α-synuclein in PD patients may limit SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons; however, on the other hand, this virus can speed up the α-synuclein aggregation. The review aims to discuss the potential link between COVID-19 and the risk of PD, highlighting the need for further studies to authenticate the potential association. We have also overviewed the influence of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the PD course and management. In this context, we presented the prospects for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic and related PD cases that, beyond global vaccination and novel anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents, may include the development of graphene-based nanoscale platforms offering antiviral and anti-amyloid strategies against PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, Florida, USA
| | - Małgorzata Kujawska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Eman A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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Zuo S, Wang H, Zhao Q, Tang J, Wang M, Zhang Y, Sang M, Tian J, Wang P. High levels of Bifidobacteriaceae are associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Front Integr Neurosci 2023; 16:1054627. [PMID: 36686268 PMCID: PMC9846222 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.1054627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is complex and there are no biomarkers for early identification. Many studies have reported altered gut microbiota in patients with PD compared with healthy individuals. However, results from previous studies vary across countries. Aims The aim of this study was to identify gut microbiota biomarkers that could be used as a marker for the diagnosis of PD. Methods Firstly, the differential gut microbiota was obtained by meta-analysis, and then the results of meta-analysis were validated through metagenomic cohort. Finally, the ROC curve was drawn based on the metagenomic validation results. Results The meta-analysis showed a lower relative abundance of Prevotellaceae (p < 0.00001) and Lachnospiraceae (p = 0.002), and a higher of Ruminococcaceae (p < 0.00001), Christensenellaceae (p = 0.03), Bifidobacteriaceae (p < 0.00001), and Verrucomicrobiaceae (p = 0.02) in patients with PD. Only Bifidobacteriaceae was also at high levels in the validation cohort of the metagenome. Meanwhile, three species from the Bifidobacteriaceae, including Scardovia_inopinata (p = 0.022), Bifidobacterium_dentium (p = 0.005), and Scardovia_wiggsiae (p = 0.024) were also high. The ROC curve showed that the three species (71.2%) from Bifidobacteriaceae had good predictive efficiency for PD. Conclusion Elevated Bifidobacteriaceae may be associated with PD. Elevated three species from the Bifidobacteriaceae, including Scardovia_inopinata, Bifidobacterium_dentium and Scardovia_wiggsiae may provide new potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShuJia Zuo
- Postgraduate Union Training Base of Jinzhou Medical University, Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China,Department of Neurology, Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - HaiJing Wang
- Hubei Clinical Research Center of Parkinson’s Disease, Xiangyang Key Laboratory of Movement Disorders, Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Hubei Clinical Research Center of Parkinson’s Disease, Xiangyang Key Laboratory of Movement Disorders, Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Hubei Clinical Research Center of Parkinson’s Disease, Xiangyang Key Laboratory of Movement Disorders, Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Ming Sang
- Hubei Clinical Research Center of Parkinson’s Disease, Xiangyang Key Laboratory of Movement Disorders, Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Hubei Clinical Research Center of Parkinson’s Disease, Xiangyang Key Laboratory of Movement Disorders, Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China,Jing Tian,
| | - Puqing Wang
- Hubei Clinical Research Center of Parkinson’s Disease, Xiangyang Key Laboratory of Movement Disorders, Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Puqing Wang,
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Videlock EJ, Hatami A, Zhu C, Kawaguchi R, Chen H, Khan T, Yehya AHS, Stiles L, Joshi S, Hoffman JM, Law KM, Rankin CR, Chang L, Maidment NT, John V, Geschwind DH, Pothoulakis C. Distinct Patterns of Gene Expression Changes in the Colon and Striatum of Young Mice Overexpressing Alpha-Synuclein Support Parkinson's Disease as a Multi-System Process. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2023; 13:1127-1147. [PMID: 37638450 PMCID: PMC10657720 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence supports a role for the gut-brain axis in Parkinson's disease (PD). Mice overexpressing human wild type α- synuclein (Thy1-haSyn) exhibit slow colonic transit prior to motor deficits, mirroring prodromal constipation in PD. Identifying molecular changes in the gut could provide both biomarkers for early diagnosis and gut-targeted therapies to prevent progression. OBJECTIVE To identify early molecular changes in the gut-brain axis in Thy1-haSyn mice through gene expression profiling. METHODS Gene expression profiling was performed on gut (colon) and brain (striatal) tissue from Thy1-haSyn and wild-type (WT) mice aged 1 and 3 months using 3' RNA sequencing. Analysis included differential expression, gene set enrichment and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). RESULTS At one month, differential expression (Thy1-haSyn vs. WT) of mitochondrial genes and pathways related to PD was discordant between gut and brain, with negative enrichment in brain (enriched in WT) but positive enrichment in gut. Linear regression of WGCNA modules showed partial independence of gut and brain gene expression changes. Thy1-haSyn-associated WGCNA modules in the gut were enriched for PD risk genes and PD-relevant pathways including inflammation, autophagy, and oxidative stress. Changes in gene expression were modest at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of haSyn acutely disrupts gene expression in the colon. While changes in colon gene expression are highly related to known PD-relevant mechanisms, they are distinct from brain changes, and in some cases, opposite in direction. These findings are in line with the emerging view of PD as a multi-system disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. Videlock
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Asa Hatami
- The Drug Discovery Lab, Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer’s Disease Research, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chunni Zhu
- The Drug Discovery Lab, Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer’s Disease Research, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- The Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Han Chen
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tasnin Khan
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ashwaq Hamid Salem Yehya
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linsey Stiles
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Swapna Joshi
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jill M. Hoffman
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ka Man Law
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carl Robert Rankin
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lin Chang
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nigel T. Maidment
- Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Varghese John
- The Drug Discovery Lab, Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer’s Disease Research, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel H. Geschwind
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Charalabos Pothoulakis
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Mehrabani S, Khorvash F, Heidari Z, Tajabadi-Ebrahimi M, Amani R. The effects of synbiotic supplementation on oxidative stress markers, mental status, and quality of life in patients with Parkinson’s disease: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trial. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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DÜDÜKÇÜ N, ÖĞÜT S. Psychobiotics and Elderly Health. PSIKIYATRIDE GUNCEL YAKLASIMLAR - CURRENT APPROACHES IN PSYCHIATRY 2022. [DOI: 10.18863/pgy.1033628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
While aging with physiological dimensions refers to the changes seen with chronological age, on the other hand, aging with psychological dimensions refers to the change of humans’ capacity to adaptively. Such as learning, psychomotor, problem-solving and personality traits. With the improvement of life quality in recent years, the average life expectancy and therefore the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases among the elderly have also increased. Although the aging process is universal, progressive, gradual and unstoppable, human gut microbiota-targeted aging management is a new approach to health and anti-aging. Nutrition plays a big factor in the elderly population with providing adequate cognitive and physical functions and when taking the right nutrition it also reduces the risk of chronic diseases. When adding functional foods into the diet, it can play a significant role to reduce the risk of diet-related diseases. Such as probiotics and prebiotics. In recent years, a new subclass of probiotics called ‘psychobiotics’ has emerged. These psychobiotics are defined as probiotics that, when taken in appropriate amounts, it creates positive psychiatric effects in human psychopathology. Examination of this new class of probiotics provides a glimmer of hope for the effective management of neurodegenerative diseases and various psychiatric disorders, especially with increasing life expectancy. Also, recommending the use of probiotics in old age will contribute to the treatment of some health problems related to aging.
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Short Chain Fatty Acid Metabolism in Relation to Gut Microbiota and Genetic Variability. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245361. [PMID: 36558520 PMCID: PMC9788597 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the gut microbiota plays a significant role in modulating inflammatory and immune responses of their host. In recent years, the host-microbiota interface has gained relevance in understanding the development of many non-communicable chronic conditions, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, autoimmunity and neurodegeneration. Importantly, dietary fibre (DF) and associated compounds digested by the microbiota and their resulting metabolites, especially short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), were significantly associated with health beneficial effects, such as via proposed anti-inflammatory mechanisms. However, SCFA metabolic pathways are not fully understood. Major steps include production of SCFA by microbiota, uptake in the colonic epithelium, first-pass effects at the liver, followed by biodistribution and metabolism at the host's cellular level. As dietary patterns do not affect all individuals equally, the host genetic makeup may play a role in the metabolic fate of these metabolites, in addition to other factors that might influence the microbiota, such as age, birth through caesarean, medication intake, alcohol and tobacco consumption, pathogen exposure and physical activity. In this article, we review the metabolic pathways of DF, from intake to the intracellular metabolism of fibre-derived products, and identify possible sources of inter-individual variability related to genetic variation. Such variability may be indicative of the phenotypic flexibility in response to diet, and may be predictive of long-term adaptations to dietary factors, including maladaptation and tissue damage, which may develop into disease in individuals with specific predispositions, thus allowing for a better prediction of potential health effects following personalized intervention with DF.
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Gątarek P, Sekulska-Nalewajko J, Bobrowska-Korczaka B, Pawełczyk M, Jastrzębski K, Głąbiński A, Kałużna-Czaplińska J. Plasma Metabolic Disturbances in Parkinson's Disease Patients. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123005. [PMID: 36551761 PMCID: PMC9775245 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma from patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) is a valuable source of information indicating altered metabolites associated with the risk or progression of the disease. Neurotoxicity of dopaminergic neurons, which is triggered by aggregation of α-synuclein, is the main pathogenic feature of PD. However, a growing body of scientific reports indicates that metabolic changes may precede and directly contribute to neurodegeneration. Identification and characterization of the abnormal metabolic pattern in patients' plasma are therefore crucial for the search for potential PD biomarkers. The aims of the present study were (1) to identify metabolic alterations in plasma metabolome in subjects with PD as compared with the controls; (2) to find new potential markers, some correlations among them; (3) to identify metabolic pathways relevant to the pathophysiology of PD. Plasma samples from patients with PD (n = 25) and control group (n = 12) were collected and the gas chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry GC-TOFMS-based metabolomics approach was used to evaluate the metabolic changes based on the identified 14 metabolites with significantly altered levels using univariate and multivariate statistical analysis. The panel, including 6 metabolites (L-3-methoxytyrosine, aconitic acid, L-methionine, 13-docosenamide, hippuric acid, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid), was identified to discriminate PD from controls with the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.975, with an accuracy of 92%. We also used statistical criteria to identify the significantly altered level of metabolites. The metabolic pathways involved were associated with linoleic acid metabolism, mitochondrial electron transport chain, glycerolipid metabolism, and bile acid biosynthesis. These abnormal metabolic changes in the plasma of patients with PD were mainly related to the amino acid metabolism, TCA cycle metabolism, and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Gątarek
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
- CONEM Poland Chemistry and Nutrition Research Group, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (J.K.-C.); Tel.: +48-426-313-091 (J.K.-C.); Fax: +48-426-313-128 (J.K.-C.)
| | | | | | - Małgorzata Pawełczyk
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Karol Jastrzębski
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Głąbiński
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Kałużna-Czaplińska
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
- CONEM Poland Chemistry and Nutrition Research Group, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (J.K.-C.); Tel.: +48-426-313-091 (J.K.-C.); Fax: +48-426-313-128 (J.K.-C.)
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Role of gut microbiota-derived branched-chain amino acids in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease: An animal study. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 106:307-321. [PMID: 36126853 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation caused by the disorder of gut microbiota and its metabolites is associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Thus, it is necessary to identify certain molecules derived from gut microbiota to verify whether they could become intervention targets for the treatment of PD. The branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), as a common dietary supplement, could modulate brain function. Herein, we investigated the longitudinal shifts of microbial community in mice treated with rotenone for 0, 3 and 4 weeks by 16S rRNA gene sequencing to identify the microbial markers at different PD stages. Serum BCAAs were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Then, rotenone-induced mice were given a high BCAA diet to evaluate the motor and non-motor functions, dopaminergic neuron loss, and inflammation levels. Using a PD mouse model, we discovered that during PD progression, the alterations of gut microbiota compositions led to the peripheral decrease of BCAAs. Based on the serum lipopolysaccharide binding protein concentrations and the levels of pro-inflammatory factors (including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin [IL]-1β, and IL-6) in the colon and substantia nigra, we found that the high BCAA diet could attenuate the inflammatory levels in PD mice, and reverse motor and non-motor dysfunctions and dopaminergic neuron impairment. Together, our results emphasize the dynamic changes of gut microbiota and BCAA metabolism and propose a novel strategy for PD therapy: a high BCAA diet intervention could improve PD progression by regulating the levels of inflammation.
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Abstract
The global burden of Parkinson's disease (PD) has increased from 2.5 to 6.1 million since the 1990s. This is expected to rise as the world population ages and lives longer. With the current consensus on the existence of a prediagnostic phase of PD, which can be divided into a preclinical stage and a prodromal stage, we can better define the risk markers and prodromal markers of PD in the broader context of PD pathogenesis. Here, we review this pathogenetic process, and discuss the evidence behind various heritability factors, exposure to pesticides and farming, high dairy consumption, and traumatic brain injuries that have been known to raise PD risk. Physical activity, early active lifestyle, high serum uric acid, caffeine consumption, exposure to tobacco, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and calcium channel blockers, as well as the Mediterranean and the MIND diets are observed to lower PD risk. This knowledge, when combined with ways to identify at-risk populations and early prodromal PD patients, can help the clinician make practical recommendations. Most importantly, it helps us set the parameters for epidemiological studies and create the paradigms for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Rajan
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bonnie Kaas
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Medel-Matus JS, Simpson CA, Ahdoot AI, Shin D, Sankar R, Jacobs JP, Mazarati AM. Modification of post-traumatic epilepsy by fecal microbiota transfer. Epilepsy Behav 2022; 134:108860. [PMID: 35914438 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2022.108860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been well established that traumatic brain injury (TBI) modifies the composition of gut microbiome. Epilepsy, which represents one of the common sequelae of TBI, has been associated with dysbiosis. Earlier study showed that the risk of post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) after lateral fluid percussion injury (LFPI) in rats can be stratified based on pre-existing (i.e., pre-TBI) gut microbiome profile. In the present study, we examined whether fecal microbiota transfer (FMT) from naïve rats with different prospective histories of PTE would affect the trajectory of PTE in recipients. Fecal samples were collected from naïve adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, followed by LFPI. Seven months later, upon four weeks of vide-EEG monitoring (vEEG), the rats were categorized as those with and without PTE. Recipients were subjected to LFPI, followed by FMT from donors with and without impending PTE. Control groups included auto-FMT and no-FMT subjects. Seven month after LFPI, recipients underwent four-week vEEG to detect spontaneous seizures. After completing vEEG, rats of all groups underwent kindling of basolateral amygdala. Fecal microbiota transfer from donors with impending PTE exerted mild-to-moderate pro-epileptic effects in recipients, evident as marginal increase in multiple spontaneous seizure incidence, and facilitation of kindling. Analysis of fecal samples in selected recipients and their respective donors confirmed that FMT modified microbiota in recipients along the donors' lines, albeit without full microbiome conversion. The findings provide further evidence that gut microbiome may actively modulate the susceptibility to epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus-Servando Medel-Matus
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (DGSOM UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carra A Simpson
- Department of Medicine, DGSOM UCLA, USA; Microbiome Center, DGSOM UCLA, USA
| | - Aaron I Ahdoot
- Department of Medicine, DGSOM UCLA, USA; Microbiome Center, DGSOM UCLA, USA
| | - Don Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (DGSOM UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Raman Sankar
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (DGSOM UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (DGSOM UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, DGSOM UCLA, USA
| | - Jonathan P Jacobs
- Department of Medicine, DGSOM UCLA, USA; Microbiome Center, DGSOM UCLA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrey M Mazarati
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (DGSOM UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Microbiome Center, DGSOM UCLA, USA; Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, DGSOM UCLA, USA.
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Antibiotic Consumption Patterns in European Countries Are Associated with the Prevalence of Parkinson’s Disease; the Possible Augmenting Role of the Narrow-Spectrum Penicillin. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091145. [PMID: 36139924 PMCID: PMC9494973 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second-most common neurodegenerative disease, affecting at least 0.3% of the worldwide population and over 3% of those over 80 years old. According to recent research (2018), in 2016, 6.1 million (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 5.0–7.3) individuals had Parkinson’s disease globally, compared with 2.5 million (2.0–3.0) in 1990. The pandemic-like spreading of PD is considered a slow-moving disaster. Most recent studies indicated the possible role of an altered microbiome, dysbiosis, in the development of PD, which occurs long before the clinical diagnosis of PD. Antibiotics are considered as major disruptors of the intestinal flora and we have hypothesized that, as different classes of antibiotics might induce different dysbiosis, certain classes of antibiotics could trigger the PD-related dysbiosis as well. Comparative analyses were performed between the average yearly antibiotic consumption of 30 European countries (1997–2016) and the PD prevalence database (estimated for 2016). We divided the time frame of antibiotic consumption of 1997–2016 into four subsections to estimate the possible time lapse between antibiotic exposure and the prevalence, prevalence change, and PD-related death rates estimated for 2016. Our results indicated that countries with high consumption of narrow-spectrum penicillin experienced a higher increase in PD prevalence than the others. Countries reporting a decline in PD from 1990 to 2016 demonstrated a reduction in the consumption of narrow-spectrum penicillin in this period.
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Zhang Y, Zhou X, Lu Y. Gut microbiota and derived metabolomic profiling in glaucoma with progressive neurodegeneration. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:968992. [PMID: 36034713 PMCID: PMC9411928 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.968992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a multifactorial, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Crosstalk between the gut microbiota and host is involved in the progression of many neurodegenerative diseases, although little is known about its role in glaucoma. To investigated the alterations of the gut microbiota and derived metabolites in glaucomatous rats, and the interaction with RGCs, we performed 16S rRNA (V1-V9) sequencing and untargeted metabolomic analyses. The microbial composition differed significantly between the two groups, and the diversity of cecal bacteria was dramatically reduced in glaucomatous rats. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio, Verrucomicrobia phylum, and some bacterial genera (Romboutsia, Akkermansia, and Bacteroides) were dramatically increased in the glaucomatous rat model compared with the control, which showed negative correlation with RGCs. Untargeted metabolomic analysis identified 284 differentially expressed metabolites, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis revealed considerable enrichment mainly in bile secretion pathways. The relationships among the metabolites enriched in the bile secretion pathway, differentially expressed cecal microbiota, and RGCs were investigated, and glutathione (GSH) was found to be negatively correlated with Bacteroides and F/B and positively correlated with RGCs. Reduced GSH level in the blood of glaucoma rats is further established, and was negatively correlated with Romboutsia and the F/B ratio and positively correlated with RGCs. This finding suggests the potential role of the gut microbiota and derived metabolites in glaucoma, and GSH, a major antioxidant metabolite, was related to their effects, indicating the potential for the development of gut microbiota-targeted interventions for glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xujiao Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xujiao Zhou, ; Yi Lu,
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xujiao Zhou, ; Yi Lu,
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Sun X, Xue L, Wang Z, Xie A. Update to the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease Based on the Gut-Brain Axis Mechanism. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:878239. [PMID: 35873830 PMCID: PMC9299103 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.878239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms represented by constipation were significant non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and were considered early manifestations and aggravating factors of the disease. This paper reviewed the research progress of the mechanism of the gut-brain axis (GBA) in PD and discussed the roles of α-synuclein, gut microbiota, immune inflammation, neuroendocrine, mitochondrial autophagy, and environmental toxins in the mechanism of the GBA in PD. Treatment of PD based on the GBA theory has also been discussed, including (1) dietary therapy, such as probiotics, vitamin therapy, Mediterranean diet, and low-calorie diet, (2) exercise therapy, (3) drug therapy, including antibiotics; GI peptides; GI motility agents, and (4) fecal flora transplantation can improve the flora. (5) Vagotomy and appendectomy were associated but not recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Xue
- Recording Room, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zechen Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Anmu Xie
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Yang R, Gao G, Yang H. The Pathological Mechanism Between the Intestine and Brain in the Early Stage of Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:861035. [PMID: 35813958 PMCID: PMC9263383 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.861035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease. The main pathological features are progressive degeneration of neurons and abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein. At present, the pathogenesis of PD is not completely clear, and many changes in the intestinal tract may be the early pathogenic factors of PD. These changes affect the central nervous system (CNS) through both nervous and humoral pathways. α-Synuclein deposited in the intestinal nerve migrates upward along the vagus nerve to the brain. Inflammation and immune regulation mediated by intestinal immune cells may be involved, affecting the CNS through local blood circulation. In addition, microorganisms and their metabolites may also affect the progression of PD. Therefore, paying attention to the multiple changes in the intestinal tract may provide new insight for the early diagnosis and treatment of PD.
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Zhang L, Li S, Tai Z, Yu C, Xu Z. Gut Microbes Regulate Innate Immunity and Epilepsy. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:870197. [PMID: 35720723 PMCID: PMC9198293 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.870197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common chronic brain disease. There are many clinical methods to control epileptic seizures, such as anti-seizure medications (ASMs) or surgical removal of epileptogenic lesions. However, the pathophysiology of epilepsy is still unknown, making it difficult to control or prevent it. The host’s immune system monitors gut microbes, interacts with microbes through pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs) expressed by innate immune cells, and activates immune responses in the body to kill pathogens and balance the relationship between microbes and host. In addition, inflammatory responses induced by the innate immune system are seen in animal models of epilepsy and temporal lobe epilepsy brain tissue to combat pathogens or injuries. This review summarizes the potential relationship between gut microbes, innate immunity, and epilepsy based on recent research to provide more hints for researchers to explore this field further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhai Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhenzhen Tai
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Changyin Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zucai Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Avagliano C, Coretti L, Lama A, Pirozzi C, De Caro C, De Biase D, Turco L, Mollica MP, Paciello O, Calignano A, Meli R, Lembo F, Mattace Raso G. Dual-Hit Model of Parkinson's Disease: Impact of Dysbiosis on 6-Hydroxydopamine-Insulted Mice-Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Butyrate. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126367. [PMID: 35742813 PMCID: PMC9223521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence highlights Parkinson’s disease (PD) initiation in the gut as the prodromal phase of neurodegeneration. Gut impairment due to microbial dysbiosis could affect PD pathogenesis and progression. Here, we propose a two-hit model of PD through ceftriaxone (CFX)-induced dysbiosis and gut inflammation before the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) intrastriatal injection to mimic dysfunctional gut-associated mechanisms preceding PD onset. Therefore, we showed that dysbiosis and gut damage amplified PD progression, worsening motor deficits induced by 6-OHDA up to 14 days post intrastriatal injection. This effect was accompanied by a significant increase in neuronal dopaminergic loss (reduced tyrosine hydroxylase expression and increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio). Notably, CFX pretreatment also enhanced systemic and colon inflammation of dual-hit subjected mice. The exacerbated inflammatory response ran in tandem with a worsening of colonic architecture and gut microbiota perturbation. Finally, we demonstrated the beneficial effect of post-biotic sodium butyrate in limiting at once motor deficits, neuroinflammation, and colon damage and re-shaping microbiota composition in this novel dual-hit model of PD. Taken together, the bidirectional communication of the microbiota–gut–brain axis and the recapitulation of PD prodromal/pathogenic features make this new paradigm a useful tool for testing or repurposing new multi-target compounds in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Avagliano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (L.C.); (C.P.); (L.T.); (A.C.); (R.M.); (F.L.)
| | - Lorena Coretti
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (L.C.); (C.P.); (L.T.); (A.C.); (R.M.); (F.L.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Adriano Lama
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (L.C.); (C.P.); (L.T.); (A.C.); (R.M.); (F.L.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (G.M.R.); Tel.: +39-081678409 (A.L.); Tel.: +39-081678423 (G.M.R.)
| | - Claudio Pirozzi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (L.C.); (C.P.); (L.T.); (A.C.); (R.M.); (F.L.)
| | - Carmen De Caro
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Davide De Biase
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Luigia Turco
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (L.C.); (C.P.); (L.T.); (A.C.); (R.M.); (F.L.)
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Cupa Nuova Cinthia 21 Edificio, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Orlando Paciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino, 80137 Naples, Italy;
| | - Antonio Calignano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (L.C.); (C.P.); (L.T.); (A.C.); (R.M.); (F.L.)
| | - Rosaria Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (L.C.); (C.P.); (L.T.); (A.C.); (R.M.); (F.L.)
| | - Francesca Lembo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (L.C.); (C.P.); (L.T.); (A.C.); (R.M.); (F.L.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giuseppina Mattace Raso
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (L.C.); (C.P.); (L.T.); (A.C.); (R.M.); (F.L.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (G.M.R.); Tel.: +39-081678409 (A.L.); Tel.: +39-081678423 (G.M.R.)
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