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Khan S, Galstyan H, Abbas M, Wenjing X. Advanced biotechnology strategies for detoxification of persistent organic pollutants and toxic elements in soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 345:140519. [PMID: 37871876 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to comprehensively examine and present the current state of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and toxic elements (TEs) in soil. Additionally, it seeks to assess the viability of employing advanced biotechnology, specifically phytoremediation with potent microbial formulations, as a means of detoxifying POPs and TEs. In the context of the "global treaty," which is known as the Stockholm Convention, we analyzed the 3D chemical structures of POPs and its prospects for living organisms which have not been reviewed up to date. The obstacles associated with the phytoremediation strategy in biotechnology, including issues like slow plant growth and limited efficiency in contaminant uptake, have also been discussed and demonstrated. While biotechnology is recognized as a promising method for detoxifying persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and facilitating the restoration of contaminated and degraded lands, its full potential in the field is constrained by various factors. Recent advances in biotechnology, such as microbial enzymes, designer plants, composting, and nanobiotechnology techniques, have opened up new avenues for mitigating persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and toxic elements (TEs). The insights gained from this review can contribute to the development of innovative, practical, and economically viable approaches for remediating and restoring soils contaminated with persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and toxic elements (TEs). The ultimate aim is to reduce the risks to both human and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamshad Khan
- School of Geography and Resources Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, China.
| | - Hrachuhi Galstyan
- School of Geography and Resources Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, China
| | - Mohsin Abbas
- College of Engineering, University of Technology Bahrain, Salmabad, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Xiang Wenjing
- Department of International Exchange and Cooperation, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, China
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Elvevoll EO, James D, Toppe J, Gamarro EG, Jensen IJ. Food Safety Risks Posed by Heavy Metals and Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) related to Consumption of Sea Cucumbers. Foods 2022; 11:3992. [PMID: 36553734 PMCID: PMC9778379 DOI: 10.3390/foods11243992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The global production of sea cucumbers was 245 thousand tons in 2020. Sea cucumbers are important food items in Asian and Pacific cuisines, the highest proportion being consumed in China as "bêche-de-mer" dried, gutted, boiled and salted body wall. However, consumption of sea cucumbers is expanding in China and globally, and the high demand has led to decline in populations of sea cucumbers, due to overexploitation. Aquaculture, together with novel fisheries on new species in new regions is easing the demand. Thus, an assessment of food safety is warranted. A literature search on food hazards was performed. A high proportion of the selected papers concerned heavy metals and metalloid hazards, such as mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As). No specific maximum limits (MLs) have been set for contents of these in sea cucumbers. Thus, the contents were compared with maximum limits set for aquatic animals in general or bivalve molluscs if available. With regard to Hg and Cd levels, none of the samples exceeded limits set by the European Commission or the National Standard of China, while for Pb, samples from highly industrialised areas exceeded the limits. Surprisingly, data on contaminants such as POPs, including dioxins and dl-PCB, PAH and PFAS as well as microbial hazards were scarce. The availability of fresh sea cucumber has increased due to aquaculture. To preserve the original flavour some consumers are reported to prefer to eat raw sea cucumber products, sashimi and sushi, which inevitably causes challenges from the microbial food safety perspective. Altogether, this paper highlights specific needs for knowledge, in particular when harvesting new species of sea cucumbers or in industrialized regions. Systematic monitoring activities, appropriate guidelines and regulations are highly warranted to guide the utilization of sea cucumbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edel Oddny Elvevoll
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsoe, Norway
| | - David James
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Jogeir Toppe
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Esther Garrido Gamarro
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Ida-Johanne Jensen
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsoe, Norway
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Swigonska S, Molcan T, Nynca A, Ciereszko RE. The involvement of CYP1A2 in biodegradation of dioxins in pigs. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267162. [PMID: 35617319 PMCID: PMC9135293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is one of the most harmful chemicals showing resistance to biodegradation. The majority of TCDD effects is mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway. TCDD binding to AhR results in the activation of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1) involved in dioxin biodegradation. The goal of the study was to explore the potentialrole of CYP1A2 in the metabolism of TCDD. We investigated a molecular structure of CYP1A2 and the binding selectivity and affinity between the pig CYP1A2 and: 1/ DiCDD or TCDD (dioxins differing in toxicity and biodegradability) or 2/ their selected metabolites. pCYP1A2 demonstrated higher affinity towards DiCDD and TCDD than other pCYP1 enzymes. All dioxin-pCYP1A2 complexes were found to be stabilized by hydrophobic interactions. The calculated distances between the heme oxygen and the dioxin carbon nearest to the oxygen, reflecting the hydroxylating potential of CYP1A2, were higher than in other pCYP1 enzymes. The distances between the heme iron and the nearest dioxin carbon exceeded 5 Å, a distance sufficient to allow the metabolites to leave the active site. However, the molecular dynamics simulations revealed that two access channels of CYP1A2 were closed upon binding the majority of the examined dioxins. Moreover, the binding of dioxin metabolites did not promote opening of channel S–an exit for hydroxylated products. It appears that the undesired changes in the behavior of access channels prevail over the hydroxylating potential of CYP1A2 towards TCDD and the favorable distances, ultimately trapping the metabolites at the enzyme’s active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Swigonska
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Tomasz Molcan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Nynca
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Renata E. Ciereszko
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
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Jensen IJ, Eilertsen KE, Otnæs CHA, Mæhre HK, Elvevoll EO. An Update on the Content of Fatty Acids, Dioxins, PCBs and Heavy Metals in Farmed, Escaped and Wild Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar L.) in Norway. Foods 2020; 9:E1901. [PMID: 33352671 PMCID: PMC7766777 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present updated data on proximate composition, amino acid, and fatty acid composition, as well as concentrations of dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and selected heavy metals, in fillets from farmed (n = 20), escaped (n = 17), and wild (n = 23) Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). The concentrations of dioxins (0.53 ± 0.12 pg toxic equivalents (TEQ)/g), dioxin-like PCBs (0.95 ± 0.48 pg TEQ/g), mercury (56.3 ± 12.9 µg/kg) and arsenic (2.56 ± 0.87 mg/kg) were three times higher in wild compared to farmed salmon, but all well below EU-uniform maximum levels for contaminants in food. The six ICES (International Council for the Exploration of the Sea) PCBs concentrations (5.09 ± 0.83 ng/g) in wild salmon were higher than in the farmed fish (3.34 ± 0.46 ng/g). The protein content was slightly higher in wild salmon (16%) compared to the farmed fish (15%), and the amount of essential amino acids were similar. The fat content of farmed salmon (18%) was three times that of the wild fish, and the proportion of marine long-chain omega-3 fatty acids was a substantially lower (8.9 vs. 24.1%). The omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio was higher in farmed than wild salmon (0.7 vs. 0.05). Both farmed and wild Atlantic salmon are still valuable sources of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. One 150 g portion per week will contribute to more (2.1 g and 1.8 g) than the recommended weekly intake for adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida-Johanne Jensen
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; (K.-E.E.); (C.H.A.O.); (H.K.M.); (E.O.E.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Karl-Erik Eilertsen
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; (K.-E.E.); (C.H.A.O.); (H.K.M.); (E.O.E.)
| | - Carina Helen Almli Otnæs
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; (K.-E.E.); (C.H.A.O.); (H.K.M.); (E.O.E.)
| | - Hanne K. Mæhre
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; (K.-E.E.); (C.H.A.O.); (H.K.M.); (E.O.E.)
| | - Edel Oddny Elvevoll
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; (K.-E.E.); (C.H.A.O.); (H.K.M.); (E.O.E.)
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Li W, Achal V. Environmental and health impacts due to e-waste disposal in China - A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 737:139745. [PMID: 32516663 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
E-waste is discarded and shipped mostly to developing countries located in Asian continent for disposal from other developed countries. Especially 70% of the world's e-waste ends up in Guiyu, a small town located in Guangdong Province of China. As little as 25% is recycled in formal recycling centers with adequate protection for workers and the other e-waste arrived in those areas is not handled in organized manner. As per reports only roughly 12.5% of e-waste is actually recycled, and the recycling efforts in those regions are primitive and result in toxic substances being leached into the surrounding ecosystems. In addition to persistent organic pollutants, there are many heavy metals found in the ground and river sediments in Guiyu, exceeding the threshold set to protect human health. Those areas are no longer suitable for growing food, and water is unsafe for drinking, due to the amount of toxins leached into the groundwater and land. Hazardous threats to environment and human health due to hazardous substances of e-waste all around China, as well as the current e-waste management were documented in this review. The article concludes with controlled contamination sources, and eco-friendly and efficient remediation technologies to solve e-waste problem in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weila Li
- Environmental Engineering Program, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou 515063, China; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Varenyam Achal
- Environmental Engineering Program, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou 515063, China; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
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Sharma A, Mollier J, Brocklesby RWK, Caves C, Jayasena CN, Minhas S. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and male reproductive health. Reprod Med Biol 2020; 19:243-253. [PMID: 32684823 PMCID: PMC7360961 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of different types of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) including bisphenol A, phthalates, pesticides, and other environmental chemicals have been shown to adversely impact upon male reproductive health. Understanding the potential effects of EDCs on male reproductive health may enable the development of novel treatments and early prevention of the effects of EDCs on male infertility and their potential long-term sequelae. This review critically evaluates the research performed in this area and explores potential harmful effects of EDCs in animals and humans, including the possibility of trans-generational transmission. METHODS A literature review was conducted using electronic databases using the following terms: 'endocrine disrupt*' OR 'endocrine disruptors' OR 'endocrine disruptor chemicals' OR 'EDC' AND 'sperm*' OR 'spermatozoa' OR 'spermatozoon' OR 'male reproductive health' OR' male fertility'. MAIN FINDINGS Several studies have shown that EDCs have a variety of pathophysiological effects. These include failure of spermatogenesis, embryonic development, the association with testicular cancer, and long-term metabolic effects. CONCLUSIONS Several studies observe correlations between chemical doses and at least one sperm parameter; however, such correlations are sometimes inconsistent between different studies. Mechanisms through which EDCs exert their pathophysiological effects have not yet been fully elucidated in human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sharma
- Section of Investigative MedicineFaculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Josephine Mollier
- Section of Investigative MedicineFaculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Charlotte Caves
- Section of Investigative MedicineFaculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Channa N. Jayasena
- Section of Investigative MedicineFaculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Imperial Centre for AndrologyImperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Suks Minhas
- Imperial Centre for AndrologyImperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
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Ruszkowska M, Sadowska A, Nynca A, Orlowska K, Swigonska S, Molcan T, Paukszto L, Jastrzebski JP, Ciereszko RE. The effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin (TCDD) on the transcriptome of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) knock-down porcine granulosa cells. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8371. [PMID: 32002328 PMCID: PMC6982409 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a toxic man-made chemical, adversely affecting reproductive processes. The well-characterized canonical mechanism of TCDD action involves the activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway, but AhR-independent mechanisms were also suggested. By applying RNA interference technology and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) we aimed to identify genes involved in the mechanism of TCDD action in AhR knock-down porcine granulosa cells. Methods Porcine granulosa cells were transfected with small interfering RNAs targeting mRNA of AhR. After transfection, medium was exchanged and the AhR knock-down cells were treated with TCDD (100 nM) for 3, 12 or 24 h, total cellular RNA was isolated and designated for NGS. Following sequencing, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. To analyze functions and establish possible interactions of DEGs, the Gene Ontology (GO) database and the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database were used, respectively. Results The AhR gene expression level and protein abundance were significantly decreased after AhR-targeted siRNAs transfection of the cells. In TCDD-treated AhR knock-down cells we identified 360 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; P-adjusted < 0.05 and log2 fold change [log2FC] ≥ 1.0). The functional enrichment analysis of DEGs revealed that TCDD influenced the expression of genes involved, among other, in the metabolism of vitamin A, follicular development and oocyte maturation, proliferation and differentiation as well as inflammation, stress response, apoptosis and oncogenesis. The three-time point study demonstrated that TCDD-induced changes in the transcriptome of AhR knock-down porcine granulosa cells were especially pronounced during the early stages of the treatment (3 h). Conclusions TCDD affected the transcriptome of AhR knock-down porcine granulosa cells. The molecules involved in the AhR-independent action of TCDD were indicated in the study. The obtained data contribute to better understanding of molecular processes induced by xenobiotics in the ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Ruszkowska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sadowska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Nynca
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Karina Orlowska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Sylwia Swigonska
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Tomasz Molcan
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Lukasz Paukszto
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jan P Jastrzebski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Renata E Ciereszko
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.,Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
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Orlowska K, Swigonska S, Sadowska A, Ruszkowska M, Nynca A, Molcan T, Zmijewska A, Ciereszko RE. Proteomic changes of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-silenced porcine granulosa cells exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223420. [PMID: 31584984 PMCID: PMC6777791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a toxic man-made chemical compound contaminating the environment and affecting human/animal health and reproduction. Intracellular TCDD action usually involves the activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). The aim of the current study was to examine TCDD-induced changes in the proteome of AhR-silenced porcine granulosa cells. The AhR-silenced cells were treated with TCDD (100 nM) for 3, 12 or 24 h. Total protein was isolated, labeled with cyanines and next, the samples were separated by isoelectric focusing and SDS-PAGE. Proteins of interest were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry (MS) analysis and confirmed by western blotting and fluorescence immunocytochemistry. The AhR-targeted siRNA transfection reduced the granulosal expression level of AhR by 60–70%. In AhR-silenced porcine granulosa cells, TCDD influenced the abundance of only three proteins: annexin V, protein disulfide isomerase and ATP synthase subunit beta. The obtained results revealed the ability of TCDD to alter protein abundance in an AhR-independent manner. This study offers a new insight into the mechanism of TCDD action and provide directions for future functional studies focused on molecular effects exerted by TCDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Orlowska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego, Olsztyn, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Sylwia Swigonska
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawochenskiego, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sadowska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Monika Ruszkowska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Nynca
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawochenskiego, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Tomasz Molcan
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agata Zmijewska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Renata E. Ciereszko
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego, Olsztyn, Poland
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawochenskiego, Olsztyn, Poland
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Molcan T, Swigonska S, Nynca A, Sadowska A, Ruszkowska M, Orlowska K, Ciereszko RE. Is CYP1B1 involved in the metabolism of dioxins in the pig? Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1863:291-303. [PMID: 30278240 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is the most difficult to biodegradate and the most toxic dioxin congener. Previously, we demonstrated in silico the ability of pig CYP1A1 to hydroxylate 2,7-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (DiCDD), but not TCDD. To increase our knowledge concerning the low effectiveness of TCDD biodegradability, we analyzed in silico the binding selectivity and affinity between pig CYP1B1 and the two dioxins by means of molecular modeling. We also compared the effects of TCDD and DiCDD on CYP1B1 gene expression (qRT-PCR) and catalytic (EROD) activity in porcine granulosa cells. It was found that DiCDD and TCDD were stabilized within the pig CYP1B1 active site by hydrophobic interactions. The analysis of substrate channel availability revealed that both dioxins opened the exit channel S, allowing metabolites to leave the enzyme active site. Moreover, DiCDD and TCDD increased the CYP1B1 gene expression and catalytic activity in porcine granulosa cells. On the other hand, TCDD demonstrated higher than DiCDD calculated affinity to pig CYP1B1, hindering TCDD exit from the active site. The great distance between CYP1B1's heme and TCDD also might contribute to the lower hydroxylation effectiveness of TCDD compared to that of DiCDD. Moreover, the narrow active site of pig CYP1B1 may immobilize TCDD molecule, inhibiting its hydroxylation. The results of the access channel analysis and the distance from pig CYP1B1's heme to TCDD suggest that the metabolizing potential of pig CYP1B1 is higher than that of pig CYP1A1. However, this potential is probably not sufficiently high to considerably improve the slow TCDD biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Molcan
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Swigonska
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Nynca
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sadowska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Monika Ruszkowska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Karina Orlowska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Renata E Ciereszko
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland; Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
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Choi EM, Suh KS, Jung WW, Park SY, Chin SO, Rhee SY, Kim Pak Y, Chon S. Glabridin attenuates antiadipogenic activity induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:1426-1436. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Mi Choi
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Sik Suh
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Woon-Won Jung
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences; Cheongju University; Cheongju Chungbuk 28503 Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism; Kyung Hee University Hospital; Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ouk Chin
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism; Kyung Hee University Hospital; Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism; Kyung Hee University Hospital; Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Department of Physiology; Kyung Hee University; College of Medicine Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Chon
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism; Kyung Hee University Hospital; Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
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11
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12
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Jin W, Otake M, Eguchi A, Sakurai K, Nakaoka H, Watanabe M, Todaka E, Mori C. Dietary Habits and Cooking Methods Could Reduce Avoidable Exposure to PCBs in Maternal and Cord Sera. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17357. [PMID: 29229988 PMCID: PMC5725569 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17656-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), like other persistent organic pollutants, are accumulating throughout the food chain and pose health threats to humans, especially children and foetuses. There is no protocol for reducing the contamination levels of the PCBs in humans. This study identified food items and cooking methods that reduce serum PCB levels by analysing data collected from the Chiba Study of Mother and Child Health. The sample size was 194 subjects. Serum PCB levels were measured using gas chromatography-electron capture negative ionization quadrupole mass spectrometry. Information on dietary habits was obtained from a brief diet history questionnaire that included questions about food items and cooking methods. Food items were categorized into food groups, and nutrient levels were calculated based on food item consumption. Principal component analysis and lasso regression were used as statistical methods. The analyses of food items and nutrients suggested that food items rich in dietary fibre reduce avoidable exposure to PCBs, as could grilling and deep frying of food, which could reduce avoidable exposure to serum PCBs in mothers and foetuses. (174 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Jin
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masae Otake
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akifumi Eguchi
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sakurai
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakaoka
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Watanabe
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Emiko Todaka
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chisato Mori
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
- Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
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Sadowska A, Nynca A, Ruszkowska M, Paukszto L, Myszczynski K, Orlowska K, Swigonska S, Molcan T, Jastrzebski JP, Ciereszko RE. Transcriptional profiling of porcine granulosa cells exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 178:368-377. [PMID: 28340459 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a toxic man-made chemical compound contaminating the environment. An exposure of living organisms to TCDD may result in numerous disorders, including reproductive pathologies. The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of TCDD on the transcriptome of porcine granulosa cell line AVG-16. By employing next-generation sequencing (NGS) we aimed to identify genes potentially involved in the mechanism of TCDD action and toxicity in porcine granulosa cells. The AVG-16 cells were treated with TCDD (100 nM) for 3, 12 or 24 h, and afterwards total cellular RNA was isolated and sequenced. In TCDD-treated cells we identified 141 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; padjusted < 0.05 and log2 fold change ≥1.0). The DEGs were assigned to GO term, covering biological processes, molecular functions and cellular components. Due to the large number of genes with altered expression, in the current study we analyzed only the genes involved in follicular growth, development and functioning. The obtained results showed that TCDD may affect ovarian follicle fate by influencing granulosa cell cycle, proliferation and DNA repair. The demonstrated over-time changes in the quantity and quality of genes being affected by TCDD treatment showed that the effects of TCDD on granulosa cells changed dramatically between 3-, 12- and 24-h of cell culture. This finding indicate that timing of gene expression measurement is critical for drawing correct conclusions on detailed relationships between the TCDD-affected genes and resulting intracellular processes. These conclusions have to be confirmed and extended by research involving proteomic and functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Sadowska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Anna Nynca
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Monika Ruszkowska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Lukasz Paukszto
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Kamil Myszczynski
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Karina Orlowska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Sylwia Swigonska
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Tomasz Molcan
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jan P Jastrzebski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Renata E Ciereszko
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland; Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
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Brankovič J, Jovanovski S, Jevnikar P, Hofmeister A, Reininger-Gutmann B, Jan J, Grošelj M, Osredkar J, Uršič M, Fazarinc G, Pogačnik A, Vrecl M. Alterations in geometry, biomechanics, and mineral composition of juvenile rat femur induced by nonplanar PCB-155 and/or planar PCB-169. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:1135-1146. [PMID: 27393578 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to widespread lipophilic and bioaccumulative polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) induces diverse biochemical and toxicological responses in various organs, including the bone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in growth rate, geometry, serum, and bone biochemical parameters and biomechanics of juvenile rat femur induced by lactational exposure to nonplanar PCB-155 and planar PCB-169 individually and in combination. Fifteen lactating Wistar rats were divided into four groups (PCB-169, PCB-155, PCB-155+169, and control), and PCBs were administered intraperitoneally at different time points after delivery. Femurs from 22-day-old offspring were analyzed by microCT, three-point bending test and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to obtain data on bone geometry, biomechanics and mineral composition. The serum levels of calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase were also determined. Lactational exposure to planar PCB-169 resulted in shorter and thinner femurs, reduced endosteal and periosteal perimeters, smaller total cross-sectional and medullary areas, and lowered serum bone marker levels and calcium levels in the bone, while femur mechanical properties were not significantly altered. The changes observed in the combination exposure (PCB-155+169) group were similar to those observed in the PCB-169 group but were less pronounced. In summary, our results demonstrate that alterations in lactationally exposed offspring were primarily induced by planar PCB-169. The milder outcome in the combined group suggested that the PCB-169-mediated toxic effects on the bone might be reduced by a nonplanar PCB-155 congener. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1135-1146, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Brankovič
- Department of Anatomy, Histology with Embryology and Cytology, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Sašo Jovanovski
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski Trg 6, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of St. Cyril and Methodius, Vodnjanska 17, Skopje, 1000, Macedonia
| | - Peter Jevnikar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski Trg 6, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Alexander Hofmeister
- Division of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Graz, Roseggerweg 48, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - Birgit Reininger-Gutmann
- Division of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Graz, Roseggerweg 48, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - Janja Jan
- Department of Dental Diseases and Normal Dental Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski Trg 6, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Maja Grošelj
- Department of Dental Diseases and Normal Dental Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski Trg 6, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Joško Osredkar
- Clinical Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Njegoševa 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Uršič
- Department of Anatomy, Histology with Embryology and Cytology, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Fazarinc
- Department of Anatomy, Histology with Embryology and Cytology, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Azra Pogačnik
- Department of Anatomy, Histology with Embryology and Cytology, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Milka Vrecl
- Department of Anatomy, Histology with Embryology and Cytology, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
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15
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Transcript variations, phylogenetic tree and chromosomal localization of porcine aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and AhR nuclear translocator (ARNT) genes. J Genet 2017; 96:75-85. [PMID: 28360392 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-017-0745-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor best known for mediating xenobiotic-induced toxicity. AhR requires aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) to form an active transcription complex and promote the activation of genes which have dioxin responsive element in their regulatory regions. The present study was performed to determine the complete cDNA sequences of porcine AhR and ARNT genes and their chromosomal localization. Total RNA from porcine livers were used to obtain the sequence of the entire porcine transcriptome by next-generation sequencing (NGS; lllumina HiSeq2500). In addition, both, in silico analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to determine chromosomal localization of porcine AhR and ARNT genes. In silico analysis of nucleotide sequences showed that there were two transcript variants of AhR and ARNT genes in the pig. In addition, computer analysis revealed that AhR gene in the pig is located on chromosome 9 and ARNT on chromosome 4. The results of FISH experiment confirmed the localization of porcine AhR and ARNT genes. In the present study, for the first time, the full cDNAs of AhR and ARNT were demonstrated in the pig. In future, it would be interesting to determine the tissue distribution of AhR and ARNT transcript variants in the pig and to test whether these variants are associated with different biological functions and/or different activation pathways.
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16
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Photocatalytic UV degradation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran in the presence of silver zeolite. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-017-2913-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Girolami F, Spalenza V, Benedetto A, Manzini L, Badino P, Abete MC, Nebbia C. Comparative liver accumulation of dioxin-like compounds in sheep and cattle: Possible role of AhR-mediated xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 571:1222-1229. [PMID: 27476725 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that accumulate in animal products and may pose serious health problems. Those able to bind the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), eliciting a plethora of toxic responses, are defined dioxin-like (DL) compounds, while the remainders are called non-DL (NDL). An EFSA opinion has highlighted the tendency of ovine liver to specifically accumulate DL-compounds to a greater extent than any other farmed ruminant species. To examine the possible role in such an accumulation of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (XME) involved in DL-compound biotransformation, liver samples were collected from ewes and cows reared in an area known for low dioxin contamination. A related paper reported that sheep livers had about 5-fold higher DL-compound concentrations than cattle livers, while the content of the six marker NDL-PCBs did not differ between species. Specimens from the same animals were subjected to gene expression analysis for AhR, AhR nuclear translocator (ARNT) and AhR-dependent oxidative and conjugative pathways; XME protein expression and activities were also investigated. Both AhR and ARNT mRNA levels were about 2-fold lower in ovine samples and the same occurred for CYP1A1 and CYP1A2, being approximately 3- and 9-fold less expressed in sheep compared to cattle, while CYP1B1 could be detectable in cattle only. The results of the immunoblotting and catalytic activity (most notably EROD) measurements of the CYP1A family enzymes were in line with the gene expression data. By contrast, phase II enzyme expression and activities in sheep were higher (UGT1A) or similar (GSTA1, NQO1) to those recorded in cattle. The overall low expression of CYP1 family enzymes in the sheep is in line with the observed liver accumulation of DL-compounds and is expected to affect the kinetics and the dynamics of other POPs such as many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as of toxins (e.g. aflatoxins) or drugs (e.g. benzimidazole anthelmintics) known to be metabolized by those enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Girolami
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - V Spalenza
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - A Benedetto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico di Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, Torino, Italy.
| | - L Manzini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - P Badino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - M C Abete
- Istituto Zooprofilattico di Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, Torino, Italy.
| | - C Nebbia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Italy.
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18
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Lauritzen HB, Larose TL, Øien T, Odland JØ, van de Bor M, Jacobsen GW, Sandanger TM. Factors Associated with Maternal Serum Levels of Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Organochlorines: A Descriptive Study of Parous Women in Norway and Sweden. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166127. [PMID: 27824939 PMCID: PMC5100957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and organochlorines (OCs) are ubiquitous and persistent in the environment and proposed endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). They can be transferred across the placenta during pregnancy, and studies suggest that the prenatal period may be particularly sensitive for influences on fetal growth and development. Several studies have investigated socio-demographic and pregnancy related factors associated with maternal serum PFAS and OC levels, but few studies have been conducted in time periods with increasing emissions of PFASs and recent emissions of OCs. Methods Serum from 424 pregnant women participating in the NICHD Scandinavian Successive Small-for-gestational Age (SGA) births study was collected in 1986–1988, and analyses of two PFASs and six OCs were conducted. Associations between EDCs and geographic, time dependent, socio-demographic and pregnancy related variables were evaluated by using multivariable linear regression models. Results Previous breastfeeding duration, time since last breastfeeding period, sampling date and country of residence were important factors associated with serum levels of PFOS and PFOA. Smoking status and pre-pregnancy BMI were negatively associated with PFOS, and maternal height was borderline negatively associated with PFOS and PFOA. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was negatively associated with PFOS in a sub-sample. Maternal serum levels of OCs were positively associated with maternal age, and negatively associated with previous breastfeeding duration and sampling date. Smoking had a consistently negative association with PCB 118 in a dose-dependent manner. Education level, pre-pregnancy BMI and alcohol consumption varied in importance according to the compound under study. Conclusions Several maternal factors, including potentially modifiable factors, markers of pregnancy physiology and factors also related to perinatal outcomes were associated with EDC levels. Results from this study are relevant to populations with still high PFAS and OC levels, i.e. developing countries. Moreover, we can use this knowledge about associated factors on emerging EDCs with similar properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde B. Lauritzen
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University for Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Tricia L. Larose
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University for Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Øien
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University for Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jon Ø. Odland
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Margot van de Bor
- Section of Health and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geir W. Jacobsen
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University for Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torkjel M. Sandanger
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Tromsø, Norway
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Sanabria M, Cucielo MS, Guerra MT, Dos Santos Borges C, Banzato TP, Perobelli JE, Leite GAA, Anselmo-Franci JA, De Grava Kempinas W. Sperm quality and fertility in rats after prenatal exposure to low doses of TCDD: A three-generation study. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 65:29-38. [PMID: 27352640 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in male rats promotes, decreased sperm concentration, alterations in motility and in sperm transit time. We evaluated the effect transgenerational of in utero exposure to low doses TCDD in the sperm quality. Pregnant rats (F0) were exposed to 0.1; 0.5 and 1.0μg of TCDD, on gestational day 15, coincides with the end of most organogenesis in the fetus. Adult male offspring (F1, F2 and F3 generation) were investigated for fertility after artificial insemination in utero. After collection of the uterus and ovaries, the numbers of corpora lutea and implants were determined. TCDD provoked alterations in sperm morphology and diminution in serum testosterone levels and sperm transit time in the cauda epididymis. The fertility significantly decreased in all the generations, at least at one dose. In conclusion, TCDD exposure decreases rat sperm quality and fertility in adult male offspring and this effects persist into the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marciana Sanabria
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology and Toxicology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maira Smaniotto Cucielo
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology and Toxicology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Trevizan Guerra
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology and Toxicology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Cibele Dos Santos Borges
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology and Toxicology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais Petrochelli Banzato
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology and Toxicology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Elaine Perobelli
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology and Toxicology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Adan Araújo Leite
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology and Toxicology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Janete Aparecida Anselmo-Franci
- Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, USP-University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wilma De Grava Kempinas
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology and Toxicology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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20
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Orlowska K, Molcan T, Swigonska S, Sadowska A, Jablonska M, Nynca A, Jastrzebski JP, Ciereszko RE. The tertiary structures of porcine AhR and ARNT proteins and molecular interactions within the TCDD/AhR/ARNT complex. J Mol Graph Model 2016; 67:119-26. [PMID: 27288759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that can be activated by structurally diverse synthetic and natural chemicals, including toxic environmental contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). In the present study, homology models of the porcine AhR-ligand binding domain (LBD) and the porcine aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-ligand binding domain (ARNT-LBD) were created on the basis of structures of closely related respective proteins i.e., human Hif-2α and ARNT. Molecular docking of TCDD to the porcine AhR-LBD model revealed high binding affinity (-8.8kcal/mol) between TCDD and the receptor. Moreover, formation of the TCDD/AhR-LBD complex was confirmed experimentally with the use of electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). It was found that TCDD (10nM, 2h of incubation) not only bound to the AhR in the porcine granulosa cells but also activated the receptor. The current study provides a framework for examining the key events involved in the ligand-dependent activation of the AhR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Orlowska
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Tomasz Molcan
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Sylwia Swigonska
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sadowska
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Monika Jablonska
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Nynca
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jan P Jastrzebski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Renata E Ciereszko
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland; Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.
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21
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Haase H, Fahlenkamp A, Schettgen T, Esser A, Gube M, Ziegler P, Kraus T, Rink L. Immunotoxicity Monitoring in a Population Exposed to Polychlorinated Biphenyls. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13030295. [PMID: 27005643 PMCID: PMC4808958 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13030295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) burden and several indicators of immune function was investigated as part of the HELPcB (Health Effects in High-Level Exposure to PCB) program, offering bio-monitoring to workers, relatives, and neighbors exposed to PCBs by a German transformers and capacitors recycling company. The present retrospective observational study evaluates the correlation of plasma levels of total PCBs, five indicator congeners (28, 101, 138, 153, 180), and seven dioxin-like congeners (105, 114, 118, 156, 157, 167, 189) with several parameters of immune function. The cross-sectional study was performed immediately after the end of exposure (258 subjects), and one (218 subjects), and two (177 subjects) years later. At the first time point, measurements showed significant positive correlation between congeners with low to medium chlorination and the relative proportion of CD19 positive B-cells among lymphocytes, as well as a negative correlation of PCB114 with serum IgM, and of PCB 28 with suppressor T-cell and NK-cell numbers. Congeners with a high degree of chlorination, in particular PCB157 and 189, were positively associated with expression of the activation marker CD25 on T-cells in the cohort of the second time point. No associations between PCB levels and IFN-y production by T-cells and killing by NK-cells were found. In conclusion, there were several effects on the cellular composition of adaptive immunity, affecting both T- and B-cells. However, the values were not generally outside the reference ranges for healthy adult individuals and did not indicate overt functional immunodeficiency, even in subjects with the uppermost PCB burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajo Haase
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Berlin Institute of Technology, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, Berlin D-13355, Germany.
| | - Astrid Fahlenkamp
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
| | - Thomas Schettgen
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
| | - Andre Esser
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
| | - Monika Gube
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
| | - Patrick Ziegler
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
| | - Thomas Kraus
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
| | - Lothar Rink
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
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Cigliano L, Nebbia C, Rychen G, Feidt C, Girolami F, Rossetti C, Spagnuolo MS. Evaluation of serum markers of blood redox homeostasis and inflammation in PCB naturally contaminated heifers undergoing decontamination. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 542:653-664. [PMID: 26546761 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are widely spread and long persistent contaminants. The aim of this study was to evaluate physiological changes associated with the decontamination of animals previously exposed to environmental pollutants. Eight Limousine heifers were removed from a polluted area and fed a standard ration for six months. The extent of contamination was defined by measuring total toxic equivalents (TEQ) values of dioxin like-PCBs (DL-PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and NDL-PCBs amount in pericaudal fat two weeks after the removal from the contaminated area (day 0) and then bimonthly for six months during the decontamination (days 59, 125, and 188). The concentrations of both DL-PCBs + PCDD/Fs and NDL-PCBs at the start of decontamination (day 0) were higher than those legally admitted, and they were strongly decreased at the end of the experimental period. Specific indices of blood redox homeostasis and inflammation were also measured at each time. Serum concentrations of Retinol, Tocopherol and Ascorbate, the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were lower at day 0 than after 59, 125 or 188 days of decontamination. Protein-bound carbonyls (PC), nitro-tyrosine (N-Tyr), and lipid hydroperoxides concentrations were higher at day 0 than during decontamination. In addition, TAC, PC and N-Tyr levels correlated with both DL-PCB and NDL-PCB concentrations only at day 0. Serum concentrations of TNF-alpha and Haptoglobin were higher in samples collected at day 0 than in those obtained during decontamination. As Haptoglobin and TNF-alpha levels correlated with both DL-PCB and NDL-PCB concentrations at day 0 and at day 59 (when these concentrations are still over legal limit), they might represent easily measurable parameters for assessing acute exposure to pollutants. Further both N-Tyr and TNF-alpha concentrations could be used as bio-monitoring markers of the decontamination procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Cigliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 121, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Carlo Nebbia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - Guido Rychen
- Université de Lorraine, INRA, 2 avenue de la forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, 54518 Vandoeuvre Cedex, France.
| | - Cyril Feidt
- Université de Lorraine, INRA, 2 avenue de la forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, 54518 Vandoeuvre Cedex, France.
| | - Flavia Girolami
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - Cristina Rossetti
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environments (ISPAAM), via Argine 1085, 80147 Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Stefania Spagnuolo
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environments (ISPAAM), via Argine 1085, 80147 Naples, Italy.
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Radu CD, Parteni O, Ochiuz L. Applications of cyclodextrins in medical textiles - review. J Control Release 2016; 224:146-157. [PMID: 26796039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents data on the general properties and complexing ability of cyclodextrins and assessment methods (phase solubility, DSC tests and X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectra, analytical method). It focuses on the formation of drug deposits on the surface of a textile underlayer, using a cyclodextrin compound favoring the inclusion of a drug/active principle and its release onto the dermis of patients suffering from skin disorders, or for protection against insects. Moreover, it presents the kinetics, duration, diffusion flow and release media of the cyclodextrin drug for in vitro studies, as well as the release modeling of the active principle. The information focuses on therapies: antibacterial, anti-allergic, antifungal, chronic venous insufficiency, psoriasis and protection against insects. The pharmacodynamic agents/active ingredients used on cotton, woolen and synthetic textile fabrics are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezar-Doru Radu
- "Gh. Asachi" Technical University Iasi, Department: Textiles, Leather and Industrial Management, 29 Mangeron Street, Iasi 20050, Romania.
| | - Oana Parteni
- "Gh. Asachi" Technical University Iasi, Department: Textiles, Leather and Industrial Management, 29 Mangeron Street, Iasi 20050, Romania.
| | - Lacramioara Ochiuz
- "Gr.T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy/Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 11 Universitatii Street, Iasi, Romania.
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Engel E, Ratel J, Bouhlel J, Planche C, Meurillon M. Novel approaches to improving the chemical safety of the meat chain towards toxicants. Meat Sci 2015; 109:75-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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van Esterik JCJ, Verharen HW, Hodemaekers HM, Gremmer ER, Nagarajah B, Kamstra JH, Dollé MET, Legler J, van der Ven LTM. Compound- and sex-specific effects on programming of energy and immune homeostasis in adult C57BL/6JxFVB mice after perinatal TCDD and PCB 153. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 289:262-75. [PMID: 26415833 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Early life exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds has been linked to chronic diseases later in life, like obesity and related metabolic disorders. We exposed C57BL/6JxFVB hybrid mice to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and the constitutive androstane receptor/pregnane X receptor agonist polychlorinated biphenyl 153 (PCB 153) in an experimental design relevant for human exposure. Exposure occurred during gestation and lactation via maternal feed to a wide dose range (TCDD: 10-10,000 pg/kg body weight/day; PCB 153: 0.09-1406 μg/kg body weight/d). Then exposure was ceased and offspring were followed up to 1 year of age. Metabolic parameters like body weight, fat pad weights, glucose tolerance, endocrine serum profile, and neurobehavioral and immunological parameters were determined. Body weight was transiently affected by both compounds throughout the follow-up. TCDD-exposed males showed decreased fat pad and spleen weights and an increase in IL-4 production of splenic immune cells. In contrast, females showed increased fat pad weights and production of IFNγ. PCB 153-exposed males showed an increase in glucose, whereas females showed an increase in glucagon, a decrease in pancreas weight, and an increase in thymus weight. In conclusion, early life exposure to TCDD appears to affect programming of energy and immune homeostasis in offspring, whereas the effects of perinatal PCB 153 were mainly on programming of glucose homeostasis. Both compounds act sex-specifically. Lowest derived BMDLs (lower bounds of the (two sided) 90%-confidence interval for the benchmark dose) for both compounds are not lower than current tolerable daily intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C J van Esterik
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Department of Chemistry and Biology, Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - H W Verharen
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - H M Hodemaekers
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - E R Gremmer
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - B Nagarajah
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - J H Kamstra
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - M E T Dollé
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - J Legler
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - L T M van der Ven
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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Miyashita C, Sasaki S, Saijo Y, Okada E, Kobayashi S, Baba T, Kajiwara J, Todaka T, Iwasaki Y, Nakazawa H, Hachiya N, Yasutake A, Murata K, Kishi R. Demographic, behavioral, dietary, and socioeconomic characteristics related to persistent organic pollutants and mercury levels in pregnant women in Japan. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 133:13-21. [PMID: 25829055 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants and mercury are known environmental chemicals that have been found to be ubiquitous in not only the environment but also in humans, including women of reproductive age. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between personal lifestyle characteristics and environmental chemical levels during the perinatal period in the general Japanese population. This study targeted 322 pregnant women enrolled in the Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children's Health. Each participant completed a self-administered questionnaire and a food-frequency questionnaire to obtain relevant information on parental demographic, behavioral, dietary, and socioeconomic characteristics. In total, 58 non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls, 17 dibenzo-p-dioxins and -dibenzofuran, and 12 dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls congeners, perfluorooctane sulfonate, perfluorooctanoic acid, and mercury were measured in maternal samples taken during the perinatal period. Linear regression models were constructed against potential related factors for each chemical concentration. Most concentrations of environmental chemicals were correlated with the presence of other environmental chemicals, especially in the case of non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls and, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -dibezofurans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls which had similar exposure sources and persistence in the body. Maternal smoking and alcohol habits, fish and beef intake and household income were significantly associated with concentrations of environmental chemicals. These results suggest that different lifestyle patterns relate to varying exposure to environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Miyashita
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North 12 West 7 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Seiko Sasaki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15 West 7 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Yasuaki Saijo
- Department of Health Sciences, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan.
| | - Emiko Okada
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15 West 7 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Sumitaka Kobayashi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15 West 7 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Baba
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15 West 7 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Jumboku Kajiwara
- Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Mukaizano 39, Dazaifu 818-0135, Japan.
| | - Takashi Todaka
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Iwasaki
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Nakazawa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Noriyuki Hachiya
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute for Minamata Disease, 4058-18 Hama, Kumamoto 867-0008, Japan.
| | - Akira Yasutake
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.
| | - Katsuyuki Murata
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Akita University, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan.
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North 12 West 7 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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Buha A, Antonijević B, Milovanović V, Janković S, Bulat Z, Matović V. Polychlorinated biphenyls as oxidative stress inducers in liver of subacutely exposed rats: implication for dose-dependence toxicity and benchmark dose concept. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 136:309-317. [PMID: 25460651 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hepatotoxicity is one of the well-documented adverse health effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)-persistent organic pollutants widely present in the environment. Although previous studies suggest possible role of oxidative stress, the precise mechanisms of PCB-induced ROS production in liver still remain to be fully assessed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different doses of PCBs on the parameters of oxidative stress and to investigate whether these effects are dose dependent. Furthermore, a comparison between calculated benchmark doses (BMD) and estimated NOAEL values for investigated parameters, was made. Six groups of male albino Wistar rats (7 animals per group) were receiving Aroclor 1254 dissolved in corn oil in the doses of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 mg PCBs/kg b.w./day by oral gavage during 28 days while control animals were receiving corn oil only. The following parameters of oxidative stress were analyzed in liver homogenates: superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione, malondialdehyde (MDA) and total protein thiol levels. Hepatic enzymes AST, ALT, ALP and protein albumin were also determined in serum as clinical parameters of liver function. Collected data on the investigated parameters were analyzed by the BMD method. The results of this study demonstrate that subacute exposure to PCBs causes induction of oxidative stress in liver with dose-dependent changes of the investigated parameters, although more pronounced adverse effects were observed on enzymatic than on non-enzymatic components of antioxidant protection. The obtained values for BMD and NOAEL support the use of BMD concept in the prediction of health risks associated with PCBs exposure. Furthermore, our results implicate possible use of MDA in PCBs risk assessment, since MDA was the most sensitive investigated parameter with calculated low critical effect dose of 0.07 mg/kg b.w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Buha
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Biljana Antonijević
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Milovanović
- Chemicals Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection of Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Saša Janković
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Matović
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
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Nøstbakken OJ, Hove HT, Duinker A, Lundebye AK, Berntssen MHG, Hannisdal R, Lunestad BT, Maage A, Madsen L, Torstensen BE, Julshamn K. Contaminant levels in Norwegian farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the 13-year period from 1999 to 2011. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 74:274-280. [PMID: 25454244 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental pollutants such as dioxins and PCBs, heavy metals, and organochlorine pesticides are a global threat to food safety. In particular, the aquatic biota can bioaccumulate many of these contaminants potentially making seafood of concern for chronic exposure to humans. OBJECTIVES The main objective was to evaluate trends of contaminant levels in Norwegian farmed Atlantic salmon in light of the derived tolerable intakes. METHODS Through an EU-instigated surveillance programme, the Norwegian Food Safety Authority (NFSA) has between 1999 and 2011 collected more than 2300 samples of Norwegian farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) for contaminant analyses. The fillets of these fish were homogenised and analysed for dioxins, PCBs, heavy metals and organochlorine pesticides. RESULTS The levels of the contaminants mercury, arsenic, dioxins, dioxin-like PCBs and DDT in Norwegian farmed salmon fillet have decreased during our period of analyses. The levels of cadmium, lead and several organochlorine pesticides were too close to the limit of quantification to calculate time trends. For PCB6 and quantifiable amounts of pesticides, except DDT, stable levels were observed. CONCLUSION The contaminant levels in Norwegian farmed salmon have generally decreased between 1999 and 2011. Excluding other dietary sources, the levels of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in 2011 allowed consumption of up to 1.3kg salmon per week to reach the tolerable weekly intake. The group of contaminants which was the limiting factor for safe consumption of Norwegian farmed salmon, based on currently established TWI values, is the sum of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helge T Hove
- NIFES (National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research), Bergen, Norway
| | - Arne Duinker
- NIFES (National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research), Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Marc H G Berntssen
- NIFES (National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research), Bergen, Norway
| | - Rita Hannisdal
- NIFES (National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research), Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjørn Tore Lunestad
- NIFES (National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research), Bergen, Norway
| | - Amund Maage
- NIFES (National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research), Bergen, Norway
| | - Lise Madsen
- NIFES (National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research), Bergen, Norway; Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente E Torstensen
- NIFES (National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research), Bergen, Norway
| | - Kåre Julshamn
- NIFES (National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research), Bergen, Norway
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29
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Girolami F, Spalenza V, Manzini L, Carletti M, Nebbia C. Constitutive expression of the AHR signaling pathway in a bovine mammary epithelial cell line and modulation by dioxin-like PCB and other AHR ligands. Toxicol Lett 2015; 232:98-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Basham KJ, Leonard CJ, Kieffer C, Shelton DN, McDowell ME, Bhonde VR, Looper RE, Welm BE. Dioxin exposure blocks lactation through a direct effect on mammary epithelial cells mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor. Toxicol Sci 2014; 143:36-45. [PMID: 25265996 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, lactation is a rich source of nutrients and antibodies for newborn animals. However, millions of mothers each year experience an inability to breastfeed. Exposure to several environmental toxicants, including 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), has been strongly implicated in impaired mammary differentiation and lactation. TCDD and related polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons are widespread industrial pollutants that activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Despite many epidemiological and animal studies, the molecular mechanism through which AHR signaling blocks lactation remains unclear. We employed in vitro models of mammary differentiation to recapitulate lactogenesis in the presence of toxicants. We demonstrate AHR agonists directly block milk production in isolated mammary epithelial cells. Moreover, we define a novel role for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) in mediating this response. Our mechanistic studies suggest AHRR is sufficient to block transcription of the milk gene β-casein. As TCDD is a prevalent environmental pollutant that affects women worldwide, our results have important public health implications for newborn nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin J Basham
- *Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 and Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Christopher J Leonard
- *Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 and Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Collin Kieffer
- *Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 and Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Dawne N Shelton
- *Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 and Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Maria E McDowell
- *Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 and Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Vasudev R Bhonde
- *Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 and Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Ryan E Looper
- *Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 and Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Bryan E Welm
- *Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 and Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 *Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 and Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
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Taura J, Takeda T, Fujii M, Hattori Y, Ishii Y, Kuroki H, Tsukimori K, Uchi H, Furue M, Yamada H. 2,3,4,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzofuran is far less potent than 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in disrupting the pituitary-gonad axis of the rat fetus. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 281:48-57. [PMID: 25220434 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The effect of 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (PnCDF) on the fetal pituitary-gonad axis was compared with that produced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in Wistar rats. Maternal treatment at gestational day (GD) 15 with PnCDF and TCDD reduced the fetal expression at GD20 of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and the testicular proteins necessary for steroidogenesis. The relative potencies of PnCDF ranged from 1/42nd to 1/63rd of the TCDD effect. While PnCDF, at a dose sufficient to cause a reduction in fetal LH, provoked defects in sexual behavior at adulthood, a dose less than the ED50 failed to produce any abnormality. There was a loss of fetal body weight following in utero exposure to PnCDF, and the effect of PnCDF was also much less than that of TCDD. The disturbance in fetal growth was suggested to be due to a reduction in the level of fetal growth hormone (GH) by dioxins. The disorder caused by PnCDF/TCDD in the fetal pituitary-gonad axis occurred at doses less than those needed to cause wasting syndrome in pubertal rats. The harmful effect of PnCDF relative to TCDD was more pronounced in fetal rats than in pubertal rats. These lines of evidence suggest that: 1) PnCDF as well as TCDD imprints defects in sexual behavior by disrupting the fetal pituitary-gonad axis; 2) these dioxins hinder fetal growth by reducing the expression of fetal GH; and 3) the fetal effects of PnCDF/TCDD are more sensitive than sub-acute toxicity during puberty, and the relative effect of PnCDF varies markedly depending on the indices used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junki Taura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Takeda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Misaki Fujii
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hattori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishii
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Kiyomi Tsukimori
- Department of Obstetrics, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uchi
- Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masutaka Furue
- Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yamada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Jablonska O, Piasecka-Srader J, Nynca A, Kołomycka A, Robak A, Wąsowska B, Ciereszko R. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin alters steroid secretion but does not affect cell viability and the incidence of apoptosis in porcine luteinised granulosa cells. Acta Vet Hung 2014; 62:408-21. [PMID: 25038954 DOI: 10.1556/avet.2014.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The compound 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a by-product of human industrial activity, was found to affect ovarian steroidogenesis in animals, but the mechanism of its action is still unclear. The aims of the study were to examine the effect of TCDD on (1) progesterone (P4) and oestradiol (E2) production by granulosa cells isolated from medium (3-6 mm) and preovulatory (≥ 8 mm) porcine follicles, (2) the viability of the cells, and (3) the incidence of apoptosis. Porcine granulosa cells were cultured (48 h) with or without TCDD (100 pM, 100 nM). Steroid hormone concentrations in the medium were determined by radioimmunoassay. The viability of granulosa cells was tested spectrophotometrically (alamarBlue™ assay). Apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry using Annexin V and by TUNEL assay. The higher dose of TCDD (100 nM) significantly inhibited P4 and stimulated E2 production by luteinised granulosa cells isolated from medium follicles. The lower dose of TCDD (100 pM) significantly stimulated P4 and inhibited E2 secretion by the cells isolated from preovulatory follicles. None of the two TCDD doses affected cell viability or induced apoptosis in granulosa cells. In conclusion, TCDD directly affected steroid production by granulosa cells obtained from mature pigs, but the effect of TCDD was not due to its cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Jablonska
- 1 University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn Department of Zoology Oczapowskiego 1A 10-719 Olsztyn Poland
| | - Joanna Piasecka-Srader
- 2 University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn Department of Animal Physiology Oczapowskiego 1A 10-719 Olsztyn Poland
| | - Anna Nynca
- 3 University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics Oczapowskiego 1A 10-719 Olsztyn Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kołomycka
- 2 University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn Department of Animal Physiology Oczapowskiego 1A 10-719 Olsztyn Poland
| | - Anna Robak
- 4 University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn Department of Comparative Anatomy Oczapowskiego 1A 10-719 Olsztyn Poland
| | - Barbara Wąsowska
- 5 Polish Academy of Sciences Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Olsztyn Poland
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Interplay between Dioxin-mediated signaling and circadian clock: a possible determinant in metabolic homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:11700-12. [PMID: 24987953 PMCID: PMC4139808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150711700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rotation of the earth on its axis creates the environment of a 24 h solar day, which organisms on earth have used to their evolutionary advantage by integrating this timing information into their genetic make-up in the form of a circadian clock. This intrinsic molecular clock is pivotal for maintenance of synchronized homeostasis between the individual organism and the external environment to allow coordinated rhythmic physiological and behavioral function. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a master regulator of dioxin-mediated toxic effects, and is, therefore, critical in maintaining adaptive responses through regulating the expression of phase I/II drug metabolism enzymes. AhR expression is robustly rhythmic, and physiological cross-talk between AhR signaling and circadian rhythms has been established. Increasing evidence raises a compelling argument that disruption of endogenous circadian rhythms contributes to the development of disease, including sleep disorders, metabolic disorders and cancers. Similarly, exposure to environmental pollutants through air, water and food, is increasingly cited as contributory to these same problems. Thus, a better understanding of interactions between AhR signaling and the circadian clock regulatory network can provide critical new insights into environmentally regulated disease processes. This review highlights recent advances in the understanding of the reciprocal interactions between dioxin-mediated AhR signaling and the circadian clock including how these pathways relate to health and disease, with emphasis on the control of metabolic function.
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Halwachs S, Wassermann L, Honscha W. A novel MDCKII in vitro model for assessing ABCG2-drug interactions and regulation of ABCG2 transport activity in the caprine mammary gland by environmental pollutants and pesticides. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:432-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Lurker PA, Berman F, Clapp RW, Stellman JM. Post-Vietnam military herbicide exposures in UC-123 Agent Orange spray aircraft. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 130:34-42. [PMID: 24566076 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the Vietnam War, approximately 20 million gallons of herbicides, including ~10.5 million gallons of dioxin-contaminated Agent Orange, were sprayed by about 34 UC-123 aircraft that were subsequently returned to the United States, without decontamination or testing, to three Air Force reserve units for transport operations (~1971-1982). In 1996, observed dioxin contamination led to withdrawal of these UC-123s from public auction and to their smelting in 2009. Current Air Force and Department of Veterans Affairs policies stipulate that "dried residues" of chemical herbicides and dioxin had not lead to meaningful exposures to flight crew and maintenance personnel, who are thus ineligible for Agent Orange-related benefits or medical examinations and treatment. Sparse monitoring data are available for analysis. METHODS Three complementary approaches for modeling potential exposures to dioxin in the post-Vietnam war aircraft were employed: (1) using 1994 and 2009 Air Force surface wipe data to model personnel exposures and to estimate dioxin body burden for dermal-oral exposure for dried residues using modified generic US Environmental Protection Agency intake algorithms; (2) comparing 1979 Air Force 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2,4-5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid air samples to saturated vapor pressure concentrations to estimate potential dioxin exposure through inhalation, ingestion and skin contact with contaminated air and dust; and (3) applying emission models for semivolatile organic compounds from contaminated surfaces to estimate airborne contamination. RESULTS Model (1): Body-burden estimates for dermal-oral exposure were 0.92 and 5.4pg/kg body-weight-day for flight crew and maintainers. The surface wipe concentrations were nearly two orders of magnitude greater than the US Army guidance level. Model (2): measured airborne concentrations were at least five times greater than saturated vapor pressure, yielding dioxin estimates that ranged from 13.2-27.0pg/m(3), thus supporting the likelihood of dioxin dust adsorption. Model (3): Theoretical models yielded consistent estimates to Model 2, 11-49pg/m(3), where the range reflects differences in experimental value of dioxin vapor pressure and surface area used. Model (3) results also support airborne contamination and dioxin dust adsorption. CONCLUSIONS Inhalation, ingestion and skin absorption in aircrew and maintainers were likely to have occurred during post-Vietnam use of the aircraft based on the use of three complementary models. Measured and modeled values for dioxin exceeded several available guidelines. Deposition-aerosolization-redeposition homeostasis of semivolatile organic compound contaminants, particularly dioxin, is likely to have continually existed within the aircraft. Current Air Force and Department of Veterans Affairs policies are not consistent with the available industrial hygiene measurements or with the widely accepted models for semivolatile organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fred Berman
- The Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Jeanne Mager Stellman
- Department of Health Policy & Management, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 600 West 168th Street, 6th floor, New York, NY, USA.
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Manzetti S, van der Spoel ER, van der Spoel D. Chemical Properties, Environmental Fate, and Degradation of Seven Classes of Pollutants. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:713-37. [DOI: 10.1021/tx500014w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Manzetti
- Uppsala
Center for Computational Chemistry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department
of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Uppsala, Box 596, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
- Fjordforsk A.S., Midtun, 6894 Vangsnes, Norway
| | - E. Roos van der Spoel
- Uppsala
Center for Computational Chemistry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department
of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Uppsala, Box 596, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David van der Spoel
- Uppsala
Center for Computational Chemistry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department
of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Uppsala, Box 596, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
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Takeda T, Fujii M, Hattori Y, Yamamoto M, Shimazoe T, Ishii Y, Himeno M, Yamada H. Maternal exposure to dioxin imprints sexual immaturity of the pups through fixing the status of the reduced expression of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 85:74-82. [PMID: 24132183 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.088575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that treatment of pregnant rats with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD; 1 μg/kg) at gestational day (GD) 15 reduces the pituitary synthesis of luteinizing hormone (LH) during the late fetal and early postnatal period, leading to the imprinting of defects in sexual behaviors at adulthood. However, it remains unclear how the attenuation of pituitary LH is linked to sexual immaturity. To address this issue, we performed a DNA microarray analysis to identify the gene(s) responsible for dioxin-induced sexual immaturity on the pituitary and hypothalamus of male pups, born of TCDD-treated dams, at the age of postnatal day (PND) 70. Among the reduced genes, we focused on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the hypothalamus because of published evidence that it has a role in sexual behaviors. An attenuation by TCDD of GnRH expression emerged at PND4, and no subsequent return to the control level was seen. A change in neither DNA methylation nor histone acetylation accounted for the reduced expression of GnRH. Intracerebroventricular infusion of GnRH to the TCDD-exposed pups after reaching maturity restored the impairment of sexual behaviors. Supplying equine chorionic gonadotropin, an LH-mimicking hormone, to the TCDD-exposed fetuses at GD15 resulted in a recovery from the reduced expression of GnRH, as well as from the defects in sexual behavior. These results strongly suggest that maternal exposure to TCDD fixes the status of the lowered expression of GnRH in the offspring by reducing the LH-assisted steroidogenesis at the perinatal stage, and this mechanism imprints defects in sexual behaviors at adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Takeda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (T.T., M.F., Y.H., T.S., Y.I., H.Y.); and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Japan (M.Y., M.H.)
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Hu X, Xu Z, Peng X, Ren M, Zhang S, Liu X, Wang J. Pollution characteristics and potential health risk of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in soil/sediment from Baiyin City, North West, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2013; 35:593-604. [PMID: 23793509 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-013-9542-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In order to better understand the environmental behaviors of persistent organic pollutants, the characteristics of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were investigated in twenty-three soil/sediment samples from Baiying City, Northwest China, in 2008. The possible sources and potential health risk of PCDD/Fs were also discussed. The concentrations of PCDD/Fs in nineteen soil samples varied between 20.13 and 496.26 pg/g dry weight (dw.), with an average value of 125.59 pg/g dw. The highest International Toxic Equivalent (I-TEQ) of PCDD/Fs (8.34 pg/g dw.) in soil was found at sample S1 collected from proximity to a copper metallurgy plant. The concentrations of PCDD/Fs in four sediment samples ranged from 37.69 to 491.49 pg/g dw., with an average value of 169.95 pg/g dw. The highest I-TEQ of PCDD/Fs (8.56 pg/g dw.) in sediment was found at sample S12 collected from the East big ditch with waste water discharged into the Yellow River. The results indicated that PCDD/Fs contamination of soil/sediment is originated from three sources: chlorine-containing chemicals, non-ferrous metal industrial PCDD/Fs emission and coal burning. The health risk exposure to PCDD/Fs through soil, dust ingestion and dermal absorption ranged from 0.0006 to 0.0134 pg/kg/day Word Health Organization's toxic equivalent in 1998 (WHO1998-TEQ) with mean values 0.0032 pg WHO1998-TEQ for adults and varied between 0.0012 and 0.0256 pg/kg/day WHO1998-TEQ with mean values 0.006 pg/kg/day WHO1998-TEQ for children, respectively. These results indicated that health risk of PCDD/Fs for children should be paid more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xibang Hu
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Caspersen IH, Knutsen HK, Brantsæter AL, Haugen M, Alexander J, Meltzer HM, Kvalem HE. Dietary exposure to dioxins and PCBs in a large cohort of pregnant women: results from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2013; 59:398-407. [PMID: 23911340 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) during pregnancy and breastfeeding may result in adverse health effects in children. Prenatal exposure is determined by the concentrations of dioxins and PCBs in maternal blood, which reflect the body burden obtained by long term dietary exposure. The aims of this study were (1) to describe dietary exposure and important dietary sources to dioxins and PCBs in a large group of pregnant women and (2) to identify maternal characteristics associated with high dietary exposure to dioxins and PCBs. Dietary exposure to dioxins (sum of toxic equivalents (TEQs) from dioxin-like (dl) compounds) and PCB-153 in 83,524 pregnant women (gestational weeks 17-22) who participated in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) during the years 2002-2009 was calculated based on a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a database of dioxin and PCB concentrations in Norwegian food. The median (interquartile range, IQR) intake of PCB-153 (marker of ndl-PCBs) was 0.81 (0.77) ng/kg bw/day. For dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs, the median (IQR) intake was 0.56 (0.37) pg TEQ/kg bw/day. Moreover, 2.3% of the participants had intakes exceeding the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 14pg TEQ/kg bw/week. Multiple regression analysis showed that dietary exposure was positively associated with maternal age, maternal education, weight gain during pregnancy, being a student, and alcohol consumption during pregnancy and negatively associated with pre-pregnancy BMI and smoking. A high dietary exposure to PCB-153 or dl-compounds (TEQ) was mainly explained by the consumption of seagull eggs and/or pate with fish liver and roe. Women who according to Norwegian recommendations avoid these food items generally do not have dietary exposure above the tolerable intake of dioxins and dl-PCBs.
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Girolami F, Spalenza V, Carletti M, Sacchi P, Rasero R, Nebbia C. Modulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor target genes in circulating lymphocytes from dairy cows bred in a dioxin-like PCB contaminated area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 450-451:7-12. [PMID: 23454571 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Animal productions (i.e. fish, eggs, milk and dairy products) represent the major source of exposure to dioxins, furans, and dioxin-like (DL) polychlorobiphenyls for humans. The negative effects of these highly toxic and persistent pollutants are mediated by the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) that elicits the transcriptional induction of several genes, including those involved in xenobiotic metabolism. Previously we demonstrated the presence and functioning of the AHR signaling pathway in primary cultures of bovine blood lymphocytes. The aim of the present study was to investigate by real time PCR the expression and the inducibility of selected target genes (i.e. AHR, AHR nuclear translocator (ARNT), AHR repressor, CYP1A1 and CYP1B1) in uncultured cells from dairy cows naturally exposed to DL-compounds. The study was carried out on two groups of animals bred in a highly polluted area and characterized by a different degree of contamination, as assessed by bulk milk TEQ values, and a control group reared in an industry free area. Bovine lymphocytes expressed only AHR, ARNT and CYP1B1 genes to a detectable level; moreover, only CYP1B1 expression appeared to be correlated to TEQ values, being higher in the most contaminated group, and decreasing along with animal decontamination. Finally, lymphocytes from exposed cows displayed a lower inducibility of both CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 after the in vitro treatment with a specific AHR ligand. In conclusion, our results indicate that DL-compound contaminated cows may display significant changes in AHR-target gene expression of circulating lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Girolami
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Turin, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.
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Bondy GS, Lefebvre DE, Aziz S, Cherry W, Coady L, Maclellan E, Armstrong C, Barker M, Cooke G, Gaertner D, Arnold DL, Mehta R, Rowsell PR. Toxicologic and immunologic effects of perinatal exposure to the brominated diphenyl ether (BDE) mixture DE-71 in the Sprague-Dawley rat. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2013; 28:215-228. [PMID: 21544923 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Brominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs) are persistent environmental contaminants found in human blood, tissues, and milk. To assess the impact of the commercial BDE mixture DE-71 on the developing immune system in relation to hepatic and thyroid changes, adult (F0) rats were exposed to DE-71 by gavage at doses of 0, 0.5, 5, or 25 mg/kg body weight (bw)/d for 21 weeks. F0 rats were bred and exposure continued through gestation, lactation and postweaning. F1 pups were weaned and exposed to DE-71 by gavage from postnatal day (PND) 22 to 42. On PND 42, half of the F1 rats were assessed for toxicologic changes. The remaining F1 rats were challenged with the T-dependent antigen keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and immune function was assessed on PND 56. Dose-dependent increases in total BDE concentrations were detected in the liver and adipose of all F0 and F1 rats. In F0 rats, increased liver weight, hepatocellular hypertrophy, and decreased serum thyroxine (T4) were characteristic of DE-71 exposure. In F1 rats perinatal DE-71 exposure caused a nondose-dependent increase in body weight and dose-dependent increases in liver weight and hepatocellular hypertrophy. Serum T3 and T4 levels were decreased. In spleen from DE-71 exposed rats the area occupied by B cells declined while the area occupied by T cells increased; however, cellular and humoral immune responses to KLH challenge were not altered. Thus hepatic and thyroid changes in rats exposed perinatally to DE-71 were associated with altered splenic lymphocyte populations, an effect which has been linked to hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve S Bondy
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0K9.
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Kemp LR, Dunstan MS, Fisher K, Warwicker J, Leys D. The transcriptional regulator CprK detects chlorination by combining direct and indirect readout mechanisms. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2013; 368:20120323. [PMID: 23479753 PMCID: PMC3638464 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional regulator CprK controls the expression of the reductive dehalogenase CprA in organohalide-respiring bacteria. Desulfitobacterium hafniense CprA catalyses the reductive dechlorination of the terminal electron acceptor o-chlorophenol acetic acid, generating the phenol acetic acid product. It has been shown that CprK has ability to distinguish between the chlorinated CprA substrate and the de-halogenated end product, with an estimated an estimated 104-fold difference in affinity. Using a green fluorescent protein GFPUV-based transcriptional reporter system, we establish that CprK can sense o-chlorophenol acetic acid at the nanomolar level, whereas phenol acetic acid leads to transcriptional activation only when approaching micromolar levels. A structure–activity relationship study, using a range of o-chlorophenol acetic-acid-related compounds and key CprK mutants, combined with pKa calculations on the effector binding site, suggests that the sensitive detection of chlorination is achieved through a combination of direct and indirect readout mechanisms. Both the physical presence of the bulky chloride substituent as well as the accompanying electronic effects lowering the inherent phenol pKa are required for high affinity. Indeed, transcriptional activation by CprK appears strictly dependent on establishing a phenolate–K133 salt bridge interaction, rather than on the presence of a halogen atom per se. As K133 is strictly conserved within the CprK family, our data suggest that physiological function and future applications in biosensing are probably restricted to phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R Kemp
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
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Koga T, Ishida T, Takeda T, Ishii Y, Uchi H, Tsukimori K, Yamamoto M, Himeno M, Furue M, Yamada H. Restoration of dioxin-induced damage to fetal steroidogenesis and gonadotropin formation by maternal co-treatment with α-lipoic acid. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40322. [PMID: 22911699 PMCID: PMC3401201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), an endocrine disruptor, causes reproductive and developmental toxic effects in pups following maternal exposure in a number of animal models. Our previous studies have demonstrated that TCDD imprints sexual immaturity by suppressing the expression of fetal pituitary gonadotropins, the regulators of gonadal steroidogenesis. In the present study, we discovered that all TCDD-produced damage to fetal production of pituitary gonadotropins as well as testicular steroidogenesis can be repaired by co-treating pregnant rats with α-lipoic acid (LA), an obligate co-factor for intermediary metabolism including energy production. While LA also acts as an anti-oxidant, other anti-oxidants; i.e., ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxyanisole and edaravone, failed to exhibit any beneficial effects. Neither wasting syndrome nor CYP1A1 induction in the fetal brain caused through the activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) could be attenuated by LA. These lines of evidence suggest that oxidative stress makes only a minor contribution to the TCDD-induced disorder of fetal steroidogenesis, and LA has a restorative effect by targeting on mechanism(s) other than AhR activation. Following a metabolomic analysis, it was found that TCDD caused a more marked change in the hypothalamus, a pituitary regulator, than in the pituitary itself. Although the components of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the ATP content of the fetal hypothalamus were significantly changed by TCDD, all these changes were again rectified by exogenous LA. We also provided evidence that the fetal hypothalamic content of endogenous LA is significantly reduced following maternal exposure to TCDD. Thus, the data obtained strongly suggest that TCDD reduces the expression of fetal pituitary gonadotropins to imprint sexual immaturity or disturb development by suppressing the level of LA, one of the key players serving energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Koga
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takumi Ishida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomoki Takeda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishii
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uchi
- Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Tsukimori
- Department of Obstetrics, Fukuoka Children’s Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Midori Yamamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Japan
| | - Masaru Himeno
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Japan
| | - Masutaka Furue
- Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yamada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Magre S, Rebourcet D, Ishaq M, Wargnier R, Debard C, Meugnier E, Vidal H, Cohen-Tannoudji J, Le Magueresse-Battistoni B. Gender differences in transcriptional signature of developing rat testes and ovaries following embryonic exposure to 2,3,7,8-TCDD. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40306. [PMID: 22808131 PMCID: PMC3392256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioxins are persistent organic pollutants interfering with endocrine systems and causing reproductive and developmental disorders. The objective of our project was to determine the impact of an in utero exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on reproductive function of male and female offspring in the rat with a special emphasis on the immature period. We used a low dose of TCDD (unique exposure by oral gavage of 200 ng/kg at 15.5 days of gestation) in order to mirror a response to an environmental dose of TCDD not altering fertility of the progeny. We choose a global gene expression approach using Affymetrix microarray analysis, and testes of 5 days and ovaries of 14 days of age. Less than 1% of the expressed genes in gonads were altered following embryonic TCDD exposure; specifically, 113 genes in ovaries and 56 in testes with 7 genes common to both sex gonads. It included the repressor of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahrr), the chemokines Ccl5 and Cxcl4 previously shown to be regulated by dioxin in testis, Pgds2/Hpgds and 3 others uncharacterized. To validate and extend the microarray data we realized real-time PCR on gonads at various developmental periods of interest (from 3 to 25 days for ovaries, from 5 to the adult age for testes). Overall, our results evidenced that both sex gonads responded differently to TCDD exposure. For example, we observed induction of the canonic battery of TCDD-induced genes coding enzymes of the detoxifying machinery in ovaries aged of 3–14 days of age (except Cyp1a1 induced at 3–10 days) but not in testes of 5 days (except Ahrr). We also illustrated that inflammatory pathway is one pathway activated by TCDD in gonads. Finally, we identified several new genes targeted by TCDD including Fgf13 in testis and one gene, Ptgds2/Hpgds regulated in the two sex gonads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Magre
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, EAC CNRS 4413, Paris, France
| | - Diane Rebourcet
- Université Lyon 1, INSERM U1060, INRA U1235, CarMeN, Laboratoire Lyonnais de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition, Oullins, France
| | - Muhammad Ishaq
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, EAC CNRS 4413, Paris, France
| | - Richard Wargnier
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, EAC CNRS 4413, Paris, France
| | - Cyrille Debard
- Université Lyon 1, INSERM U1060, INRA U1235, CarMeN, Laboratoire Lyonnais de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition, Oullins, France
| | - Emmanuelle Meugnier
- Université Lyon 1, INSERM U1060, INRA U1235, CarMeN, Laboratoire Lyonnais de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition, Oullins, France
| | - Hubert Vidal
- Université Lyon 1, INSERM U1060, INRA U1235, CarMeN, Laboratoire Lyonnais de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition, Oullins, France
| | - Joëlle Cohen-Tannoudji
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, EAC CNRS 4413, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Le Magueresse-Battistoni
- Université Lyon 1, INSERM U1060, INRA U1235, CarMeN, Laboratoire Lyonnais de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition, Oullins, France
- * E-mail:
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Takeda T, Fujii M, Taura J, Ishii Y, Yamada H. Dioxin silences gonadotropin expression in perinatal pups by inducing histone deacetylases: a new insight into the mechanism for the imprinting of sexual immaturity by dioxin. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:18440-50. [PMID: 22493514 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.335158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) causes the impairment of reproduction and development in the pups. Our previous studies have revealed that maternal treatment with TCDD attenuates the fetal production of pituitary gonadotropins (luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone) at gestational day (GD) 20, leading to the impairment of sexual behavior in adulthood. However, the mechanism underlying such a reduction has remained unknown until now. When pregnant rats at GD15 were given an oral dose of TCDD (1 μg/kg), the testicular expression of steroidogenic proteins was reduced between GD20 and postnatal days (PND) 2. In accordance with this, the pituitary expression of gonadotropin β-subunit and serum gonadotropin were also attenuated from GD20 to PND0 in a pup-specific fashion. To identify the target genes linked to a fetal reduction in gonadotropin β-subunit, we performed a DNA microarray analysis using the fetal pituitary and its regulatory organ, the hypothalamus. The results obtained showed that TCDD induced histone deacetylases (HDACs) in the fetal pituitary. In support with this, TCDD markedly deacetylated histones H3 and H4 twined around the promoter of the fetal LHβ gene. This effect was fetus- and LHβ-specific, and this was not observed in the maternal pituitary or for other pituitary hormone genes. Finally, an LHβ reduction caused by TCDD was completely restored by maternal co-treatment with valproic acid, an HDAC inhibitor. These results strongly suggest that the increased deacetylation of histone owing to HDAC induction plays a critical role in the TCDD-induced reduction in LHβ in the fetal pituitary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Takeda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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Foster WG, Maharaj-Briceño S, Cyr DG. Dioxin-induced changes in epididymal sperm count and spermatogenesis. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2011; 16:2893-905. [DOI: 10.1590/s1413-81232011000600027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A single in utero exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on gestation day 15 decreased epididymal sperm count in adult rats and thus was used to establish a tolerable daily intake for TCDD. However, several laboratories have been unable to replicate these findings. Moreover, conflicting reports of TCDD effects on daily sperm production suggest that spermatogenesis may not be as sensitive to the adverse effects of TCDD as previously thought. We performed a PubMed search using relevant search terms linking dioxin exposure with adverse effects on reproduction and spermatogenesis. Developmental exposure to TCDD is consistently linked with decreased cauda epididymal sperm counts in animal studies, although at higher dose levels than those used in some earlier studies. However, the evidence linking in utero TCDD exposure and spermatogenesis is not convincing. Animal studies provide clear evidence of an adverse effect of in utero TCDD exposure on epididymal sperm count but do not support the conclusion that spermatogenesis is adversely affected. The mechanisms underlying decreased epididymal sperm count are unknown; however, we postulate that epididymal function is the key target for the adverse effects of TCDD.
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Lignell S, Aune M, Darnerud PO, Soeria-Atmadja D, Hanberg A, Larsson S, Glynn A. Large variation in breast milk levels of organohalogenated compounds is dependent on mother's age, changes in body composition and exposures early in life. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 13:1607-16. [DOI: 10.1039/c1em10151j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wimmerová S, Lancz K, Tihányi J, Sovčíková E, Kočan A, Drobná B, Palkovičová L, Jurečková D, Fabišiková A, Conka K, Trnovec T. Half-lives of serum PCB congener concentrations in environmentally exposed early adolescents. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 82:687-691. [PMID: 21111447 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.10.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/31/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to determine half-life of six most abundant PCB congeners in the body of early adolescents. In 304 environmentally exposed children, PCB serum concentration was determined at the age of 8 and 12years. Half-life was determined for each child assuming exponential decrease or for the whole cohort using multiple regression. Results obtained by both approaches were in agreement. PCB reuptakes corrupting half-life estimates for each child and each congener were evaluated. If one of the serum PCB concentration values fell below the level of detection (LOD) the pair was excluded and if PCB half-life value exceeded the arbitrary value of 30years. The following median half-lives in years 4.46, 10.59, 9.7, 4.7, 9.1 and 9.8 were obtained for PCB congeners 118, 138(+163), 153, 156(+171), 170 and 180, respectively. The elimination half-life values were not systematically related to PCB serum concentration at any examination age. Between half-life values, percentage of children with significant reuptakes and PCB congener abundance in serum were found significant associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soňa Wimmerová
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Wang Y, Lu C, Sheng Z, Liu G, Fu Z, Zhu B, Peng S. Enhanced hepatotoxicity induced by repeated exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in combination in male rats. J Environ Sci (China) 2011; 23:119-124. [PMID: 21476350 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(10)60382-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are among persistent polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons that exist as complex mixtures in the environment worldwide. The present study was attempted to investigate the hepatotoxicity following repeated exposure to TCDD and PCBs in combination in male rats, and to reveal the involvement of potential mechanisms. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to TCDD (10 microg/kg) and Aroclor 1254 (10 mg/kg, a representative mixture of PCBs) alone or in combination by intragastric administration. After 12-day exposure, all treatments produced significant hepatotoxicity as characterized by changes of plasma biochemistry and histopathological changes. These effects were more prominent in the combined group. Furthermore, all treatments induced hepatic cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) expression, and the maximal level of CYP1A1 expression was observed in the combined group, as in the case of the most severe hepatotoxicity evoked by the combined exposure. These findings indicated that the hepatotoxicity induced by TCDD and Aroclor 1254 might be ascribed to the high expression of hepatic CYP1A1. The present study demonstrates the enhanced hepatotoxicity after exposure to TCDD and PCBs in combination in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Wang
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China.
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Heilmann C, Budtz-Jørgensen E, Nielsen F, Heinzow B, Weihe P, Grandjean P. Serum concentrations of antibodies against vaccine toxoids in children exposed perinatally to immunotoxicants. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2010; 118:1434-8. [PMID: 20562056 PMCID: PMC2957925 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1001975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may cause immunotoxic effects, but the detailed dose-response relationship and possible vulnerable time windows of exposure are uncertain. In this study we applied serum concentrations of specific antibodies against childhood vaccines as sentinels of immunotoxicity. OBJECTIVES The main objective was to assess the possible dependence of antibody concentrations against diphtheria and tetanus toxoids in children with regard to prenatal and postnatal PCB exposures. METHODS From a cohort of 656 singleton births formed in the Faroe Islands during 1999-2001, children were invited for examination with assessment of serum antibody concentrations at 5 years (before and after a booster vaccination) and at 7 years of age. Total PCB concentrations were determined in serum from ages 5 and 7 years, and data were also available on PCB concentrations in maternal pregnancy serum, maternal milk, and, for a subgroup, the child's serum at 18 months of age. RESULTS A total of 587 children participated in the examinations at ages 5 and/or 7 years. At age 5 years, before the booster vaccination, the antidiphtheria antibody concentration was inversely associated with PCB concentrations in milk and 18-month serum. Results obtained 2 years later showed an inverse association of concentrations of antibodies against both toxoids with PCB concentrations at 18 months of age. The strongest associations suggested a decrease in the antibody concentration by about 20% for each doubling in PCB exposure. At age 5 years, the odds of an antidiphtheria antibody concentration below a clinically protective level of 0.1 IU/L increased by about 30% for a doubling in PCB in milk and 18-month serum. CONCLUSIONS Developmental PCB exposure is associated with immunotoxic effects on serum concentrations of specific antibodies against diphtheria and tetanus vaccinations. The immune system development during the first years of life appears to be particularly vulnerable to this exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Heilmann
- Paediatric Clinic II, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Flemming Nielsen
- Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Birger Heinzow
- State Social Services Agency, Department for Healthcare, Kiel, Germany
| | - Pál Weihe
- Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Philippe Grandjean
- Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Address correspondence to P. Grandjean, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Landmark Center, 3E-110, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Telephone: (617) 384-8907. Fax: (617) 384-8994. E-mail:
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