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Ren J, Jackson K, Barton CD, Huang Y, Zhan J. Enhancing the physicochemical properties and bioactivities of 2'-hydroxyflavanone through fungal biotransformation. J Biosci Bioeng 2024:S1389-1723(24)00157-9. [PMID: 38858130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Flavonoids comprise a group of natural compounds with diverse bioactivities; however, their low water solubility and limited bioavailability often impede their potential health benefits for humans. In this study, five derivatives, namely 2',5'-dihydroxyflavanone (1), 2'-dihydroxyflavanone-5'-O-4″-O-methyl-β-d-glucoside (2), 2'-dihydroxyflavanone-6-O-4″-O-methyl-β-d-glucoside (3), 2'-dihydroxyflavanone-3'-O-4″-O-methyl-β-d-glucoside (4) and hydroxyflavanone-2'-O-4″-O-methyl-β-d-glucoside (5), were biosynthesized from 2'-hydroxyflavanone through microbial transformation using Beauveria bassiana ATCC 7159. Product 1 was identified as a known compound while 2-5 were structurally characterized as new structures through extensive 1D and 2D NMR analysis. The water solubility of biotransformed products 1-5 was enhanced by 30-280 times compared to the substrate 2'-hydroxyflavanone. Moreover, the antioxidant assay revealed that 1 and 2 exhibited improved 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity relative to the substrate, decreasing the logIC50 from 8.08 ± 0.11 μM to 6.19 ± 0.08 μM and 7.15 ± 0.08 μM, respectively. Compound 5 displayed significantly improved anticancer activity compared to the substrate 2'-hydroxyflavanone against Glioblastoma 33 cancer stem cells, decreasing the IC50 from 25.05 μM to 10.59 μM. Overall, fungal biotransformation represents an effective tool to modify flavonoids for enhanced water solubility and bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA
| | - Kyle Jackson
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA
| | - Caleb Don Barton
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA
| | - Jixun Zhan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA.
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Gervazoni LFO, Gonçalves-Ozorio G, Ferreira-Paes T, Silva ACA, Silveira GPE, Pereira HM, Pinto DP, Cunha-Junior EF, Almeida-Amaral EE. Analysis of 2′-hydroxyflavanone (2HF) in mouse whole blood by HPLC–MS/MS for the determination of pharmacokinetic parameters. Front Chem 2023; 11:1016193. [PMID: 36970405 PMCID: PMC10033538 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1016193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the lack of investments, structure, and difficulty of metabolite isolation, promising natural product studies do not progress to preclinical studies, such as pharmacokinetics. 2′-Hydroxyflavanone (2HF) is a flavonoid that has shown promising results in different types of cancer and leishmaniasis. For accurate quantification of 2HF in BALB/c mouse blood, a validated HPLC-MS/MS method was developed. Chromatographic analysis was performed using C18 (5μm, 150 mm × 4.6 mm). The mobile phase consisted of water containing 0.1% formic acid, acetonitrile, and methanol (35/52/13 v/v/v) at a flow rate and total running time of 0.8 mL/min and 5.50 min, respectively, with an injection volume of 20 µL. 2HF was detected by electrospray ionization in negative mode (ESI-) using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The validated bioanalytical method showed satisfactory selectivity without significant interference for the 2HF and IS. In addition, the concentration range between 1 and 250 ng/mL showed good linearity (r = 0.9969). The method showed satisfactory results for the matrix effect. Precision and accuracy intervals varied between 1.89% and 6.76% and 95.27% and 100.77%, respectively, fitting the criteria. No degradation of 2HF in the biological matrix was observed since stability under freezing and thawing conditions, short duration, postprocessing, and long duration showed deviations less than 15%. Once validated, the method was successfully applied in a 2HF oral pharmacokinetic study with mouse blood, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were determined. 2HF demonstrated a Cmax of 185.86 ng/mL, a Tmax of 5 min, and a half-life (T1/2) of 97.52 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza F. O. Gervazoni
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Gonçalves-Ozorio
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Taiana Ferreira-Paes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline C. A. Silva
- Laboratório de Farmacocinética, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Heliana M. Pereira
- Laboratório de Farmacocinética, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Douglas P. Pinto
- Laboratório de Farmacocinética, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Edézio F. Cunha-Junior
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Unidade Integrada de Pesquisa em Produtos Bioativos e Biociên-cias, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus UFRJ, Macaé, Brazil
| | - Elmo E. Almeida-Amaral
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Elmo E. Almeida-Amaral,
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Di Giorgio C, Lupia A, Marchianò S, Bordoni M, Bellini R, Massa C, Urbani G, Roselli R, Moraca F, Sepe V, Catalanotti B, Morretta E, Monti MC, Biagioli M, Distrutti E, Zampella A, Fiorucci S. Repositioning Mifepristone as a Leukaemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor Antagonist for the Treatment of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Cells 2022; 11:3482. [PMID: 36359879 PMCID: PMC9657739 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality and is projected to become the second-most common cause of cancer mortality in the next decade. While gene-wide association studies and next generation sequencing analyses have identified molecular patterns and transcriptome profiles with prognostic relevance, therapeutic opportunities remain limited. Among the genes that are upregulated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC), the leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a cytokine belonging to IL-6 family, has emerged as potential therapeutic candidate. LIF is aberrantly secreted by tumour cells and promotes tumour progression in pancreatic and other solid tumours through aberrant activation of the LIF receptor (LIFR) and downstream signalling that involves the JAK1/STAT3 pathway. Since there are no LIFR antagonists available for clinical use, we developed an in silico strategy to identify potential LIFR antagonists and drug repositioning with regard to LIFR antagonists. The results of these studies allowed the identification of mifepristone, a progesterone/glucocorticoid antagonist, clinically used in medical abortion, as a potent LIFR antagonist. Computational studies revealed that mifepristone binding partially overlapped the LIFR binding site. LIF and LIFR are expressed by human PDAC tissues and PDAC cell lines, including MIA-PaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells. Exposure of these cell lines to mifepristone reverses cell proliferation, migration and epithelial mesenchymal transition induced by LIF in a concentration-dependent manner. Mifepristone inhibits LIFR signalling and reverses STAT3 phosphorylation induced by LIF. Together, these data support the repositioning of mifepristone as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Di Giorgio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Lupia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Campus Salvatore Venuta, Net4Science Srl, University “Magna Græcia”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Silvia Marchianò
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Martina Bordoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Rachele Bellini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmen Massa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ginevra Urbani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Rosalinda Roselli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Moraca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Campus Salvatore Venuta, Net4Science Srl, University “Magna Græcia”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valentina Sepe
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Catalanotti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Elva Morretta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Michele Biagioli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Angela Zampella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Fiorucci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Shin SY, Jung E, Yeo H, Ahn S, Lee Y, Park J, Kang H, Yeo WS, Koh D, Lim Y. Design, synthesis, and biological activities of 3-((4,6-diphenylpyrimidin-2-ylamino)methylene)-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-ones. Bioorg Chem 2022; 120:105634. [PMID: 35114524 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Novel (Z)-3-((4,6-diphenylpyrimidin-2-ylamino)methylene)-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one derivatives were designed and synthesized to find chemotherapeutic agents. Derivative 9 was selected based on its clonogenicity against cancer cells and synthetic yield for further biological experiments. It showed decreases in aurora kinase A, B, and C phosphorylation from western blot analysis. Derivative 9 upregulated the expression of G1 cell cycle inhibitory proteins including p21 and p27, and G1 progressive cyclin D1, and downregulated G1-to-S progressive cyclins, resulting in cell cycle arrest at the G1/S boundary. It stimulated the cleavage of caspase-9, -3, -7, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, resulting in triggering apoptosis through a caspase-dependent pathway. In addition, derivative 9 inhibited in vivo tumor growth in a syngeneic tumor implantation mouse model. The findings of this study suggest that derivative 9 can be considered as a lead compound for chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Young Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Euitaek Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Yeo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyun Ahn
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 02748, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngshim Lee
- Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Park
- Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunook Kang
- Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon-Seok Yeo
- Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsoo Koh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 02748, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoongho Lim
- Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Multi-Omics Reveal the Immunological Role and the Theragnostic Value of miR-216a/GDF15 Axis in Human Colon Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413636. [PMID: 34948431 PMCID: PMC8703770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is the most common type of gastrointestinal cancer and is still the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Accurate screening tools for early diagnosis and prediction of prognosis and precision treatment strategies are urgently required to accommodate the unmet medical needs of COAD management. We herein aimed to explore the significance of the microRNA (miR)-216a/growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) axis in terms of clinical value, tumor immunity, and potential mechanisms in COAD by using multi-omic analysis. The gene expression levels of miR-216a and GDF15 showed an increase in the COAD group compared to those of the normal group. The expression of miR-216a presented a negative correlation with GDF15 in COAD tumor tissue. The use of an in vitro luciferase reporter assay and bioinformatic prediction revealed that miR-216a-3p acted toward translational inhibition on GDF15 by targeting its 3′untranslated region (UTR) site. High miR-216a expression was associated with decreased overall survival (OS), while the high expression of GDF15 was associated with increased OS. Enriched type 1 T-helper (Th1), enriched regulatory T (Treg), enriched eosinophils, and decreased nature killer T-cells (NKTs) in COAD tumor tissue may play counteracting factors on the tumor-regulatory effects of miR-216a and GDF15. In addition, high GDF15 expression had associations with suppressed immunoinhibitory genes and negative correlations with the infiltration of macrophages and endothelial cells. The enrichment analysis revealed that GDF15 and its co-expression network may be implicated in mitochondrial organization, apoptosis signaling, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. The Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) and Cancer Therapeutics Response Portal (CTRP) analysis identified that Gemcitabine acted as a precision treatment for COAD when GDF15 expression was low. This study supports the miR-216a/GDF15 axis as a diagnostic/prognostic panel for COAD, identifies Th1, Treg, eosinophils, and NKTs as counteracting factors, indicates potential relationships underlying immunomodulation, mitochondrial organization, apoptotic signaling, and ER stress and unveil Gemcitabine as a potential drug for the development of treatment strategy when combined with targeting GDF15.
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Rahman HS. Preclinical Drug Discovery in Colorectal Cancer: A Focus on Natural Compounds. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:977-997. [PMID: 33820517 DOI: 10.2174/1389450122666210405105206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is considered one of the most predominant and deadly cancer globally. Nowadays, the main clinical management for this cancer includes chemotherapy and surgery; however, these treatments result in the occurrence of drug resistance and severe side effects, and thus it is a crucial requirement to discover an alternative and potential therapy for CRC treatment. Numerous therapeutic cancers were initially recognized from natural metabolites utilized in traditional medicine, and several recent types of research have shown that many natural products own potential effects against CRC and may assist the action of chemotherapy for the treatment of CRC. It has been indicated that most patients are well tolerated by natural compounds without showing any toxicity signs even at high doses. Conventional chemotherapeutics interaction with natural medicinal compounds presents a new feature in cancer exploration and treatment. Most of the natural compounds overwhelm malignant cell propagation by apoptosis initiation of CRC cells and arresting of the cell cycle (especially at G, S, and G2/M phase) that result in inhibition of tumor growth. OBJECTIVE This mini-review aimed to focus on natural compounds (alkaloids, flavonoids, polysaccharides, polyphenols, terpenoids, lactones, quinones, etc.) that were identified to have anti- CRC activity in vitro on CRC cell lines and/or in vivo experiments on animal models. CONCLUSION Most of the studied active natural compounds possess anti-CRC activity via different mechanisms and pathways in vitro and in vivo that might be used as assistance by clinicians to support chemotherapy therapeutic strategy and treatment doses for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, 46001 Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Komar University of Science and Technology, Chaq-Chaq Qularaisee, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
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7
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Baek SJ, Hammock BD, Hwang IK, Li Q, Moustaid-Moussa N, Park Y, Safe S, Suh N, Yi SS, Zeldin DC, Zhong Q, Bradbury JA, Edin ML, Graves JP, Jung HY, Jung YH, Kim MB, Kim W, Lee J, Li H, Moon JS, Yoo ID, Yue Y, Lee JY, Han HJ. Natural Products in the Prevention of Metabolic Diseases: Lessons Learned from the 20th KAST Frontier Scientists Workshop. Nutrients 2021; 13:1881. [PMID: 34072678 PMCID: PMC8227583 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of metabolic and chronic diseases including cancer, obesity, inflammation-related diseases sharply increased in the 21st century. Major underlying causes for these diseases are inflammation and oxidative stress. Accordingly, natural products and their bioactive components are obvious therapeutic agents for these diseases, given their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Research in this area has been significantly expanded to include chemical identification of these compounds using advanced analytical techniques, determining their mechanism of action, food fortification and supplement development, and enhancing their bioavailability and bioactivity using nanotechnology. These timely topics were discussed at the 20th Frontier Scientists Workshop sponsored by the Korean Academy of Science and Technology, held at the University of Hawaii at Manoa on 23 November 2019. Scientists from South Korea and the U.S. shared their recent research under the overarching theme of Bioactive Compounds, Nanoparticles, and Disease Prevention. This review summarizes presentations at the workshop to provide current knowledge of the role of natural products in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung J. Baek
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.J.B.); (I.-K.H.); (H.-Y.J.); (Y.-H.J.); (W.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - In-Koo Hwang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.J.B.); (I.-K.H.); (H.-Y.J.); (Y.-H.J.); (W.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Qingxiao Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (Y.P.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Nanjoo Suh
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Sun-Shin Yi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea; (S.-S.Y.); (J.-S.M.); (I.-D.Y.)
| | - Darryl C. Zeldin
- National Institutes of Environmental Health, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (D.C.Z.); (J.A.B.); (M.L.E.); (J.P.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Qixin Zhong
- Department of Food Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;
| | - Jennifer Alyce Bradbury
- National Institutes of Environmental Health, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (D.C.Z.); (J.A.B.); (M.L.E.); (J.P.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Matthew L. Edin
- National Institutes of Environmental Health, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (D.C.Z.); (J.A.B.); (M.L.E.); (J.P.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Joan P. Graves
- National Institutes of Environmental Health, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (D.C.Z.); (J.A.B.); (M.L.E.); (J.P.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Hyo-Young Jung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.J.B.); (I.-K.H.); (H.-Y.J.); (Y.-H.J.); (W.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Young-Hyun Jung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.J.B.); (I.-K.H.); (H.-Y.J.); (Y.-H.J.); (W.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Mi-Bo Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;
| | - Woosuk Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.J.B.); (I.-K.H.); (H.-Y.J.); (Y.-H.J.); (W.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Jaehak Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.J.B.); (I.-K.H.); (H.-Y.J.); (Y.-H.J.); (W.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Hong Li
- National Institutes of Environmental Health, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (D.C.Z.); (J.A.B.); (M.L.E.); (J.P.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Jong-Seok Moon
- Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea; (S.-S.Y.); (J.-S.M.); (I.-D.Y.)
| | - Ik-Dong Yoo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea; (S.-S.Y.); (J.-S.M.); (I.-D.Y.)
| | - Yiren Yue
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (Y.P.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;
| | - Ho-Jae Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.J.B.); (I.-K.H.); (H.-Y.J.); (Y.-H.J.); (W.K.); (J.L.)
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The subgroup of 2'-hydroxy-flavonoids: Molecular diversity, mechanism of action, and anticancer properties. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 32:116001. [PMID: 33444847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are abundant in nature, structurally very diversified and largely investigated. However, the subgroup of 2'-hydroxyflavonoids is much less known and not frequently studied. The present review identifies the major naturally-occurring and synthetic 2'-hydroxyflavonoid derivatives and discusses their structural characteristics and biological properties, with a focus on anticancer activities. The pharmacological properties of 2'-hydroxyflavone (2'-HF) and 2'-hydroxyflavanone (2'-HFa) are detailed. Upon binding to the Ral-interacting protein Rlip implicated in the transport of glutathione conjugates, 2'-HFa inhibits tumor cell proliferation and restrict tumor growth, in particular in breast cancer models. Among the synthetic derivatives, the characteristics of the anticancer product 2D08 (2',3',4'-trihydroxy flavone) are detailed to shed light on the molecular mechanism of action of this compound, as a regulator of protein SUMOylation. Inhibition of protein SUMOylation by 2D08 blocks cancer cell migration and invasion, and the compound greatly enhances the anticancer effects of conventional cytotoxic drugs like etoposide. The structural role of the 2'-hydroxyl group on the phenyl C-ring of the flavonoid is discussed, notably the capacity to engage intramolecular H-bonding interactions with the O1 atom on the B-ring of the chromone unit (or the oxygen of a 3-OH group when it is presents). The 2'-hydroxyl group of flavonoid appears as a regulator of the conformational freedom between the bicyclic A-B unit and the appended phenyl C-ring, favoring the planarity of the molecule. It is an essential group accounting for the biological properties of 2'-HF, 2'-HFa and structurally related compounds. This review shed light on 2'-hydroxyflavonoids to encourage their use and chemical development.
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2'-Hydroxyflavanone prevents LPS-induced inflammatory response and cytotoxicity in murine macrophages. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 69:104966. [PMID: 32800949 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
2'-Hydroxyflavanone (2-HF) is a natural flavonoid isolated from citrus fruits. Multiple studies have demonstrated that 2-HF with its anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects prevent the growth of various cancers. Although 2-HF is a well known anti-oxidative and chemopreventive agent, its role as an anti-inflammatory agent is not well established. In this study, we examined the effect of 2-HF on LPS-induced cytotoxicity and inflammatory response in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. Flow cytometry analysis showed that pre-treatment of RAW 264.7 macrophages with 2-HF significantly prevented LPS-induced macrophage apoptosis. 2-HF also prevented LPS-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production, lipid peroxidation, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in murine macrophages. Most importantly, the release of multiple inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as eotaxin, IL-2, IL-10, IL-12p40, LIX, IL-15, IL-17, MCP-1, and TNF-α induced by LPS in the macrophages was inhibited by 2-HF. 2-HF also prevented LPS-induced activation of protein kinases p38MAPK and SAPK/JNK. Apart from this, LPS-induced phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and DNA-binding of the redox transcription factor, NF-κB, was prevented by 2-HF. Our results demonstrate that 2-HF by regulating ROS/MAPK/NF-κB prevents LPS-induced inflammatory response and cytotoxicity in murine macrophages suggesting that the need of potential development of 2-HF as an anti-inflammatory agent to ameliorate various inflammatory complications.
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Schmidt K, Carroll JS, Yee E, Thomas DD, Wert-Lamas L, Neier SC, Sheynkman G, Ritz J, Novina CD. The lncRNA SLNCR Recruits the Androgen Receptor to EGR1-Bound Genes in Melanoma and Inhibits Expression of Tumor Suppressor p21. Cell Rep 2020; 27:2493-2507.e4. [PMID: 31116991 PMCID: PMC6668037 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer, affecting men more frequently and severely than women. Although recent studies suggest that differences in activity of the androgen receptor (AR) underlie the observed sex bias, little is known about AR activity in melanoma. Here we show that AR and EGR1 bind to the long non-coding RNA SLNCR and increase melanoma proliferation through coordinated transcriptional regulation of several growth-regulatory genes. ChIP-seq reveals that ligand-free AR is enriched on SLNCR-regulated melanoma genes and that AR genomic occupancy significantly overlaps with EGR1 at consensus EGR1 binding sites. We present a model in which SLNCR recruits AR to EGR1-bound genomic loci and switches EGR1-mediated transcriptional activation to repression of the tumor suppressor p21Waf1/Cip1. Our data implicate the regulatory triad of SLNCR, AR, and EGR1 in promoting oncogenesis and may help explain why men have a higher incidence of and more rapidly progressive melanomas compared with women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyn Schmidt
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Johanna S Carroll
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Elaine Yee
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Dolly D Thomas
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Leon Wert-Lamas
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Steven C Neier
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Gloria Sheynkman
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB) and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Justin Ritz
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carl D Novina
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA.
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11
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Yue Y, Qian W, Li J, Wu S, Zhang M, Wu Z, Ma Q, Wang Z. 2'-Hydroxyflavanone inhibits the progression of pancreatic cancer cells and sensitizes the chemosensitivity of EGFR inhibitors via repressing STAT3 signaling. Cancer Lett 2020; 471:135-146. [PMID: 31811906 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal malignancies, and chemotherapy is still an important treatment. It is urgent to develop new medicines because of the limitation and side effects of chemotherapy. 2'-Hydroxyflavanone (2HF) is a citrus-bioflavonoid that is considered to have anti-cancer efficacy. Compared to human pancreatic ductal epithelial cells hTERT-HPNE, more significant growth-inhibitory effects were seen in PDAC cells BxPC-3 and MIA PaCa-2. We showed that apoptosis was induced and that the cell cycle was arrested when cells were treated with 2HF. The expression of the molecular proteins cleaved PARP, cleaved Caspase3, Bax, Bcl-2, CyclinD1, and p27 changed correspondingly. Also, we observed anti-metastatic effects and changes in MMP9, E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Vimentin when cells were treated with a low dose of 2HF. Suppression of STAT3 and EGFR phosphorylation was also identified as a result of treatment with a combination of 2HF and EGFR inhibitors. The in vivo antitumor effects in KPC mice were consistent with those observed in vitro. 2HF has impactful anti-cancer efficacy and sensitizes human pancreatic cancer cells to EGFR inhibitors through the inhibition of STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Yue
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Weikun Qian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Shiqi Wu
- Department of Urology Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Mengzhao Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Qingyong Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China.
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12
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Li TT, Liu MR, Pei DS. Friend or foe, the role of EGR-1 in cancer. Med Oncol 2019; 37:7. [PMID: 31748910 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-019-1333-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Early growth response-1 (EGR-1), also termed NEFI-A and Krox-24, as a multi-domain protein is implicated in several vital physiological processes, including development, metabolism, cell growth and proliferation. Previous studies have implied that EGR-1 was producing in response to the tissue injury, immune response and fibrosis. Meanwhile, emerging studies stressed the pronounced correlation of EGR-1 and human cancers. Nevertheless, the intricate mechanisms of cancer-reduce EGR-1 alteration still poorly characterized. In the review, we evaluated the effects of EGR-1 in tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and tumor microenvironment, and then, we dwell on the intricate signaling pathways that EGR-1 involved in. The aberrantly expressed of EGR-1 in cancers are expected to provide a new cancer therapy strategy or a new marker for assessing treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Tong Li
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-shan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Man-Ru Liu
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-shan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Sheng Pei
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-shan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Fang L, Li F, Gu C. GDF-15: A Multifunctional Modulator and Potential Therapeutic Target in Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:654-662. [PMID: 30947652 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190402101143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Various pathological processes are associated with the aberrant expression and function of cytokines, especially those belonging to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family. Nevertheless, the functions of members of the TGF-β family in cancer progression and therapy are still uncertain. Growth differentiation factor- 15, which exists in intracellular and extracellular forms, is classified as a divergent member of the TGF-β superfamily. It has been indicated that GDF-15 is also connected to the evolution of cancer both positively and negatively depending upon the cellular state and environment. Under normal physiological conditions, GDF-15 inhibits early tumour promotion. However, its abnormal expression in advanced cancers causes proliferation, invasion, metastasis, cancer stem cell formation, immune escape and a reduced response to therapy. As a clinical indicator, GDF-15 can be used as a tool for the diagnosis and therapy of an extensive scope of cancers. Although some basic functions of GDF-15 are noncontroversial, their mechanisms remain unclear and complicated at the molecular level. Therefore, GDF-15 needs to be further explored and reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fang
- Department of Thoracic surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China
| | - Fengzhou Li
- Department of Thoracic surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China
| | - Chundong Gu
- Department of Thoracic surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China
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14
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Singhal SS, Horne D, Singhal J, Vonderfecht S, Salgia R, Awasthi S. Synergistic efficacy of RLIP inhibition and 2'-hydroxyflavanone against DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis in SENCAR mice. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1438-1449. [PMID: 31006917 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Substantial evidence suggests that 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary carcinogenesis in mice mimics human breast cancer (BC) in many respects. Therefore, it has been used extensively to evaluate preventive and therapeutic agents for human BC. Mammary carcinogenesis induced by DMBA administration in female SENsitive to CARcinogen (SENCAR) mice was characterized by histopathological analysis of the mammary glands and alterations to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (PI3K/Akt/CDK1) pathway. We recently reported that 2'-hydroxyflavanone (2HF) is a promising diet-derived chemotherapeutic agent that suppresses BC growth in vitro and in vivo by targeting a 76 kDa ral-interacting protein (RLIP). The objective of the current study was to investigate the synergistic anticarcinogenic effects of RLIP inhibition/depletion and 2HF in an in vivo model of DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis in SENCAR mice. Mice were given 2HF (50 mg/kg, bw, orally on alternate days), RLIP antibody (Rab; 5 mg/kg, bw, ip weekly), RLIP antisense (RAS; 5 mg/kg, b.w., ip weekly), or a combination of 2HF + Rab + RAS. Animals were monitored daily, and 7 days after the first appearance of moribund behavior, tissues were harvested for morphological and immunohistological analysis. Western blot analyses were performed to determine the expression of anti- and proapoptotic proteins in the mammary glands. Our results reveal that 2HF, RAS, and Rab significantly prevented the carcinogenic effects of DMBA administration in the mammary glands and other organs. Further, mice treated with a combination of 2HF + RAS + Rab exhibited no carcinogenic effect of DMBA as compared to either or the single agent-treated mice. This study demonstrates for the first time the anticarcinogenic effects of 2HF and RLIP inhibition/depletion in vivo in a novel DMBA-induced model of BC in SENCAR mice and provides the rationale for further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad S Singhal
- Departments of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - David Horne
- Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Jyotsana Singhal
- Departments of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California.,Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Steven Vonderfecht
- Pathology Core, City of Hope National Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Departments of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Sanjay Awasthi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
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15
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Nagaprashantha LD, Singhal J, Chikara S, Gugiu G, Horne D, Awasthi S, Salgia R, Singhal SS. 2′-Hydroxyflavanone induced changes in the proteomic profile of breast cancer cells. J Proteomics 2019; 192:233-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Singhal J, Chikara S, Horne D, Salgia R, Awasthi S, Singhal SS. RLIP inhibition suppresses breast-to-lung metastasis. Cancer Lett 2019; 447:24-32. [PMID: 30684594 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Breast tumor metastasis is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Breast cancer (BC) cells frequently metastasize to the lungs, where they pose a formidable therapeutic challenge. In the current study, we evaluated the anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic effects of 2'-hydroxyflavanone (2HF) and RLIP inhibition in an array of triple-negative BC cell lines and an orthotopic mouse model of breast-to-lung metastasis. Compared to control treatment, RLIP inhibition reduced in-vitro cell viability and suppressed the migratory and invasive potential of BC cells. In-vitro studies showed that 2HF treatment reduced the expression of RLIP, KRAS, pERK, pSTAT3, and pP70S6K. Further, mice orthotopically implanted with lung-seeking luciferase-expressing TMD231 cells were treated with 2HF (50 mg/kg, b.w.), RLIP antisense (RAS; 5 mg/kg, b.w.), RLIP antibody (Rab; 5 mg/kg, b.w.) or a combination of 2HF + RAS + Rab. 2HF-, RAS-, and Rab-treated mice exhibited significantly lower primary tumor weight and reduced lung metastasis compared to control mice. Mice treated with a combination of 2HF + RAS + Rab exhibited no metastasis and significantly lower tumor weight than the single agent-treated mice. Collectively, our results suggest that 2HF has potential to be combined with RLIP inhibition/depletion to more effectively suppress primary breast tumor growth and metastasis to the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsana Singhal
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Shireen Chikara
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - David Horne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Sanjay Awasthi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Sharad S Singhal
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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17
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Gervazoni LFO, Gonçalves-Ozório G, Almeida-Amaral EE. 2'-Hydroxyflavanone activity in vitro and in vivo against wild-type and antimony-resistant Leishmania amazonensis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006930. [PMID: 30521527 PMCID: PMC6283348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To overcome the current problems in leishmaniasis chemotherapy, natural products have become an interesting alternative over the past few decades. Flavonoids have been studied as promising family of compounds for leishmaniasis treatment. 2’-Hydroxyflavanone (2HF) is a flavanone, a class of flavonoid that has shown promising results in cancer studies. In this study, we demonstrated the effects of 2HF in vitro and in vivo against wild-type and antimony-resistant Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes. Methodology/Principal findings 2HF was effective against promastigotes and the intracellular amastigote form, decreasing the infection index in macrophages infected with wild-type and antimony-resistant promastigotes, but it was not toxic to macrophages. In silico analysis indicated 2HF as a good oral candidate for leishmaniasis treatment. In vivo, 2HF was able to reduce the lesion size and parasite load in a murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis using wild-type and antimony-resistant promastigotes, demonstrating no cross-resistance with antimonials. Conclusions/Significance Taken together, these results suggest 2HF as a potential candidate for leishmaniasis chemotherapy for cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by both wild-type and antimony-resistant Leishmania species by oral administration. Furthermore, studies should be conducted to determine the ideal dose and therapeutic regimen. Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease endemic to 98 countries, affecting more than 12 million people globally, and there are more than 350 million people in risk areas. Although there are many drugs available as alternatives for leishmaniasis treatment, they remain mostly ineffective, expensive and longstanding, in addition to generating side effects and resistance. Antimonial resistance is currently one of the biggest obstacles in leishmaniasis chemotherapy. Due to the poor chemotherapy scenario and the need for a drug able to overcome resistance problems and therapeutic failures, natural products have become an important alternative for leishmaniasis treatment. Here, we evaluated the antileishmanicidal activity of 2HF in vitro and in vivo against wild-type and antimony-resistant L. amazonensis cells. 2HF inhibited the cellular proliferation of promastigotes and the intracellular amastigote form in a dose-dependent manner in both wild-type and antimony-resistant cells. Furthermore, 2HF reduced the lesion size and parasitic load in a murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis using wild-type and antimony-resistant promastigotes without altering hematological parameters and serological toxicology markers. This is the first time that the activity of a flavonoid on the antimony-resistant L. amazonensis has been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo by the oral route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza F. O. Gervazoni
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Gonçalves-Ozório
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elmo E. Almeida-Amaral
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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18
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Singhal J, Chikara S, Horne D, Salgia R, Awasthi S, Singhal SS. 2'-Hydroxyflavanone inhibits in vitro and in vivo growth of breast cancer cells by targeting RLIP76. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:1751-1762. [PMID: 30136444 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of citrus-fruits is associated with reduced incidence of breast cancer (BC), the most common cancer diagnosed in women across the globe. In this study, we investigated the anticancer potential of 2-Hydroxyflavanone (2HF) in BC. 2HF, a citrus-bioflavonoid, has demonstrated anticancer properties in various cancers, but its anticancer role in BC has not been well studied. We investigated the in vitro and in vivo growth inhibitory effects of 2HF in an array of BC lines and in xenograft mouse models of ER-positive and HER2-positive BC cells. Compared to control, 2HF treatment reduced cell viability and suppressed migratory and invasive potential of BC cells, while, no growth inhibitory effects were observed in non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cells. Further, 2HF inhibited the expression of RLIP76, a stress-defensive and anti-apoptotic protein, which is over-expressed in BC cells and simultaneously reduced proliferation of BC cells. Nude mice bearing MCF7 or SKBR3 BC cells xenografts treated with either 2HF or targeting RLIP76 by RLIP76-antisense or RLIP76-antibody treatment had significantly lower tumor-weight as compared to corresponding controls. In addition, Western-blotting and immunohistochemical analysis of tumor tissue from control and treatment group mice showed that 2HF decreased protein expression levels of RLIP76, and the decrease was similar to those seen following RLIP76-antisense treatment. Furthermore, 2HF decreased expression of Ki67, CD31, vimentin, inhibited phosphorylation of Akt and expression of survivin and Bcl2, and increased levels of Bax, E-cadherin, and cleaved-PARP. Therefore, our results indicate that 2HF may suppress BC growth in vitro and in vivo by targeting RLIP76, and may serve as a potential adjuvant treatment in BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsana Singhal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, California.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Shireen Chikara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - David Horne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Sanjay Awasthi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Sharad S Singhal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, California
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19
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Singhal J, Singhal P, Horne D, Salgia R, Awasthi S, Singhal SS. Metastasis of breast tumor cells to brain is suppressed by targeting RLIP alone and in combination with 2'-Hydroxyflavanone. Cancer Lett 2018; 438:144-153. [PMID: 30223070 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastasis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer-patients. Breast tumor cells frequently metastasize to brain and initiate severe therapeutic complications. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-metastatic effects of 2'-hydroxyflavanone (2HF) alone and in combination with RLIP targeted therapy in a novel murine model of breast tumor metastasis. The MDA-MB231Br (brain-seeking) breast cancer (BC) cells stably-transfected with luciferase were injected into the left-ventricle of NSG mouse heart and the migration of cells to brain was monitored using a non-invasive bioluminescent imaging system. To evaluate the tumor growth suppressive effects, mice were given 2HF (50 mg/kg, b.w., alternate days orally), RLIP-antibody (Rab; 5 mg/kg, b.w., weekly i.p.) or combination of 2HF+Rab starting day1 after intra-cardiac injection. Our results reveal that 2HF and Rab significantly prevented the metastasis of BC cells to brain. Further, mice treated with combination of 2HF+Rab exhibited no metastasis as compared to either or the single agent-treated mice. This study for the first time demonstrates the anti-metastatic effects of 2HF and RLIP-inhibition in-vivo in a novel breast tumor metastasis model and provides the rationale for further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsana Singhal
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Preeti Singhal
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - David Horne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Sanjay Awasthi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Sharad S Singhal
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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20
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Lee DH, Ahn SS, Kim JB, Lim Y, Lee YH, Shin SY. Downregulation of α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone-Induced Activation of the Pax3-MITF-Tyrosinase Axis by Sorghum Ethanolic Extract in B16F10 Melanoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061640. [PMID: 29865165 PMCID: PMC6032395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet irradiation-induced hyperpigmentation of the skin is associated with excessive melanin production in melanocytes. Tyrosinase (TYR) is a key enzyme catalyzing the rate-limiting step in melanogenesis. TYR expression is controlled by microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) expression. Sorghum is a cereal crop widely used in a variety of foods worldwide. Sorghum contains many bioactive compounds and is beneficial to human health. However, the effects of sorghum in anti-melanogenesis have not been well characterized. In this study, the biological activity of sorghum ethanolic extract (SEE) on α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced TYR expression was evaluated in B16F10 melanoma cells. SEE attenuated α-MSH-induced TYR gene promoter activity through the downregulation of the transcription factor MITF. We found that paired box gene 3 (Pax3) contributes to the maximal induction of MITF gene promoter activity. Further analysis demonstrated that SEE inhibited α-MSH-induced Pax3 expression. The collective results indicate that SEE attenuates α-MSH-induced TYR expression through the suppression of Pax3-mediated MITF gene promoter activity. Targeting the Pax3-MITF axis pathway could be considered a potential strategy to increase the efficacy of anti-melanogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hyun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Sung Shin Ahn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Jung-Bong Kim
- Functional Food and Nutrition Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 55365, Korea.
| | - Yoongho Lim
- Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology, BMIC, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Young Han Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
- Cancer and Metabolism Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Soon Young Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
- Cancer and Metabolism Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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21
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Shin SY, Kim HW, Jang HH, Hwang YJ, Choe JS, Kim JB, Lim Y, Lee YH. γ-Oryzanol suppresses COX-2 expression by inhibiting reactive oxygen species-mediated Erk1/2 and Egr-1 signaling in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:486-492. [PMID: 28728842 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 produces prostanoids, which contribute to inflammatory responses. Nuclear factor (NF)-κB is a key transcription factor mediating COX-2 expression. γ-Oryzanol is an active component in rice bran oil, which inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated COX-2 expression by inhibiting NF-κB. However, the inhibition of COX-2 expression by γ-oryzanol independently of NF-κB is poorly understood. We found that LPS upregulated Egr-1 expression at the transcriptional level. Forced expression of Egr-1 trans-activated the Cox-2 promoter independently of NF-κB. In contrast, silencing of Egr-1 abrogated LPS-mediated COX-2 expression. LPS produced reactive oxygen species (ROS), which, in turn, induced Egr-1 expression via the Erk1/2 MAPK pathway. ROS scavenging activity of γ-oryzanol suppressed Egr-1 expression by inhibiting the Erk1/2 MAPK pathway. Our results suggest that γ-oryzanol inhibits LPS-mediated COX-2 expression by suppressing Erk1/2-mediated Egr-1 expression. This study supports that γ-oryzanol may be useful for ameliorating LPS-mediated inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Young Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Cancer and Metabolism Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon-Woong Kim
- Functional Food and Nutrition Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Hee Jang
- Functional Food and Nutrition Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Hwang
- Functional Food and Nutrition Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Sook Choe
- Functional Food and Nutrition Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Bong Kim
- Functional Food and Nutrition Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoongho Lim
- Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology, BMIC, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Han Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Cancer and Metabolism Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Barreca D, Gattuso G, Bellocco E, Calderaro A, Trombetta D, Smeriglio A, Laganà G, Daglia M, Meneghini S, Nabavi SM. Flavanones: Citrus phytochemical with health-promoting properties. Biofactors 2017; 43:495-506. [PMID: 28497905 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Citrus fruit and juices represent one of the main sources of compounds with a high potential for health promoting properties. Among these compounds, flavanones (such as hesperetin, naringenin, eriodictyol, isosakuranetin, and their respective glycosides), which occur in quantities ranging from ∼180 to 740 mg/L (depending on the Citrus species and cultivar) are responsible for many biological activities. These compounds support and enhance the body's defenses against oxidative stress and help the organism in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Moreover, among other properties, they also show anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antimicrobial activities. This review analyzes the biochemistry, pharmacology, and biology of Citrus flavanones, emphasizing the occurrence in Citrus fruits and juices and their bioavailability, structure-function correlations and ability to modulate signal cascades both in vitro and in vivo. © 2017 BioFactors, 43(4):495-506, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gattuso
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Ersilia Bellocco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Calderaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Laganà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Meneghini
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Shin SY, Ahn S, Koh D, Lim Y. p53-dependent and -independent mechanisms are involved in (E)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(2-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (HMP)-induced apoptosis in HCT116 colon cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 479:913-919. [PMID: 27641669 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
(E)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(2-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (HMP) is a novel synthetic naphthal chalcone derivative. The aim of this study was to investigate the mode of action underlying the antitumor activity of HMP. We found that treatment with HMP potently inhibited the clonogenicity and triggered cell death in HCT116 colon cancer cells. Flow cytometry showed that HMP induced an increase in the population of sub-G0/G1-phase cells. Annexin V binding assay revealed that HMP triggered apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, HMP stimulated the cleavages of caspase-7 and its substrate poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). HMP promoted γ-H2AX formation and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and up-regulated expression of the tumor suppressor p53. Interestingly, HMP-induced caspase-7 processing was not completely abrogated in p53-null (p53-/-) HCT116 cells, suggesting that p53-dependent and -independent mechanisms are involved in HMP-induced apoptosis. Egr-1, a zinc finger transcription factor, was upregulated by HMP. Silencing of Egr-1 by shRNA significantly reduced HMP-induced caspase-7 and PARP cleavages, regardless of p53 status. These results suggest that HMP triggers caspase-mediated apoptosis through two distinct mechanisms involving p53-dependent and p53-independent, Egr-1-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Young Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Cancer and Metabolism Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seunghyun Ahn
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 02748, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsoo Koh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 02748, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoongho Lim
- Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology, BMIC, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Kim SH, Park YY, Cho SN, Margalit O, Wang D, DuBois RN. Krüppel-Like Factor 12 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Growth through Early Growth Response Protein 1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159899. [PMID: 27442508 PMCID: PMC4956169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 12 (KLF12) is a transcription factor that plays a role in normal kidney development and repression of decidualization. KLF12 is frequently elevated in esophageal adenocarcinoma and has been reported to promote gastric cancer progression. Here, we examined the role of KLF12 in colorectal cancer (CRC). Indeed, KLF12 promotes tumor growth by directly activating early growth response protein 1 (EGR1). The levels of KLF12 and EGR1 correlate synergistically with a poor prognosis. These results indicate that KLF12 likely plays an important role in CRC and could serve as a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hee Kim
- Departments of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yun-Yong Park
- ASAN Institute for Life Sciences, ASAN Medical Center, Department of Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138–736, Korea
| | - Sung-Nam Cho
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ofer Margalit
- Biodesign Institute of Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Dingzhi Wang
- Biodesign Institute of Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Raymond N. DuBois
- Biodesign Institute of Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Research and Division of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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25
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Shin SY, Jung YJ, Yong Y, Cho HJ, Lim Y, Lee YH. Inhibition of PDGF-induced migration and TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression by maltotetraose from bamboo stem extract (BSE) in mouse vascular smooth muscle cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:2086-97. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soon Young Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology; Konkuk University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Cancer and Metabolism Institute; Konkuk University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - You Jung Jung
- Cancer and Metabolism Institute; Konkuk University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjoong Yong
- Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology; BMIC; Konkuk University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hi Jae Cho
- Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology; BMIC; Konkuk University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Yoongho Lim
- Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology; BMIC; Konkuk University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Young Han Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology; Konkuk University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Cancer and Metabolism Institute; Konkuk University; Seoul Republic of Korea
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26
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Hsin IF, Lee JY, Huo TI, Lee FY, Huang HC, Hsu SJ, Wang SS, Ho HL, Lin HC, Lee SD. 2'-Hydroxyflavanone ameliorates mesenteric angiogenesis and portal-systemic collaterals in rats with liver fibrosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 31:1045-51. [PMID: 26474184 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Portal-systemic collaterals lead to dreadful consequences in patients with cirrhosis. Angiogenesis participates in the development of liver fibrosis, hyperdynamic circulation, and portal-systemic collaterals. 2'-Hydroxyflavanone (2'-HF), one of the citrus fruits flavonoids, is known to have antiangiogenesis effect without adverse response. However, the relevant effects in liver fibrosis have not been surveyed. METHODS Male Wistar rats received thioacetamide (TAA, 100 mg/kg tiw, i.p.) for 6 weeks to induce liver fibrosis. On the 29th to 42nd day, rats randomly received 2'-HF (100 mg/kg, qod, i.p.) or vehicle (corn oil). On the 43rd day, after hemodynamic measurements, the followings were surveyed: (i) severity of collaterals; (ii) mesenteric angiogenesis; (iii) mesenteric proangiogenic factors protein expressions; (iv) Mesenteric vascular endothelial cells apoptosis; and (v) Mesenteric expressions of proteins regulating apoptosis. RESULTS Compared with the vehicle group, 2'-HF did not significantly change body weight, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and portal pressure in TAA rats. 2'-HF significantly alleviated the severity of collaterals, but the mesenteric phospho-ERK, ERK, phospho-Akt, Akt, COX1, COX2, VEGF, and VEGFR-2 protein expressions were not altered. The apoptotic index of 2'-HF group was significantly higher and the mesenteric protein expressions of pro-apoptotic factors, NFkB 50, NFkB 65, Bax, phospho-p53, 17 kD cleaved caspase 3, and 17 kD casepase 3 were up-regulated. CONCLUSIONS 2'-HF does not influence the hemodynamics but alleviated the severity of collaterals in rats with liver fibrosis and early portal hypertension. This is, at least partly, attributed to enhanced apoptosis of mesenteric vascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Fang Hsin
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Endoscopy Center for Diagnosis and Treatment, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yi Lee
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Teh-Ia Huo
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fa-Yauh Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chun Huang
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Jung Hsu
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sun-Sang Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Affair and Planning, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ling Ho
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chieh Lin
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Dong Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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27
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Megna BW, Carney PR, Nukaya M, Geiger P, Kennedy GD. Indole-3-carbinol induces tumor cell death: function follows form. J Surg Res 2016; 204:47-54. [PMID: 27451867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even with colonoscopy screening and preventive measures becoming more commonplace, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third leading cause of oncologic death in the United States as of 2014. Many chemotherapeutics exist for the treatment of colorectal cancer, though they often come with significant side effect profiles or narrow efficacy ranges in terms of patient profile. Dietary phytochemicals such as glucobrassicin and its metabolite indole-3-carbinol (I3C) have been implicated in tumor prevention in many preclinical models across a variety of gastrointestinal tumors and represent an intriguing new class of natural chemotherapeutics for CRC. I3C has been identified as a ligand of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), and we aimed to characterize this AHR activation in relation to its cytotoxic properties. METHODS Human colorectal cancer cell lines DLD1, HCT116, HT-29, LS513, and RKO were treated with indole-3-carbinol or vehicle. Cell viability was assessed via a fluorescent product assay, and apoptotic activity was assessed via a luminescent signal tied to a ratio of caspase-3 and caspase-7 activity. Gene expression of AHR and CYP1A1 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Small interfering RNA stable expression lines were established on a HCT116 background using a laboratory-developed transfection protocol as published elsewhere. RESULTS Multiple colorectal cancer cell types express increased CYP1A1 mRNA levels (a specific marker of AHR-driven activity) after treatment with I3C, characterizing I3C treatment as agonistic of this pathway. Also, I3C induced a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability as well as inducing apoptosis. Furthermore, using small interfering RNA interference to knockdown AHR responsiveness generated a significant resistance to the chemotherapeutic actions of indole-3-carbinol regarding both cell viability and apoptotic activity. CONCLUSIONS Some degree of the cytotoxic and proapoptotic effects of indole-3-carbinol on colon cancer cells is dependent on activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. This represents a novel mechanism for the molecular action of indole-3-carbinol and enhances our understanding of its effects in the context of colorectal cancer. Continued preclinical study of both indole-3-carbinol and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway is warranted, which may one day lead to novel diet-derived colon cancer treatments that enlist the AHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant W Megna
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Patrick R Carney
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Manabu Nukaya
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Pete Geiger
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Gregory D Kennedy
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.
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28
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A synthetic chalcone, 2'-hydroxy-2,3,5'-trimethoxychalcone triggers unfolded protein response-mediated apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2016; 372:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Diallyl disulfide attenuated carbon ion irradiation-induced apoptosis in mouse testis through changing the ratio of Tap73/ΔNp73 via mitochondrial pathway. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16020. [PMID: 26526304 PMCID: PMC4630619 DOI: 10.1038/srep16020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diallyl disulfide (DADS), a major organosulfur compound derived from garlic, has various biological properties, including anti-cancer effects. However, the protective mechanism of DADS against radiation-induced mouse testis cell apoptosis has not been elucidated. In this study, the magnitude of radiation effects evoked by carbon ion irradiation was marked by morphology changes, significant rise in apoptotic cells, activation expression of p53, up regulation the ratio of pro-apoptotic Tap73/anti-apoptotic ΔNp73, as well as alterations of crucial mediator of the mitochondrial pathway. Interestingly, pretreatment with DADS attenuated carbon ion irradiation-induced morphology damages and apoptotic cells. Additionally, DADS elevated radiation-induced p53 and p21 expression, suggesting that p53 might be involved in the inhibition of cell cycle progression through up regulation of p21. Furthermore, administration with DADS prevented radiation-induced Tap73/ΔNp73 expression and consequently down regulated Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cytochrome c release and caspase-3 expression, indicating that the balance between Tap73 and ΔNp73 had potential to activate p53 responsive genes. Thus, our results showed that radio protection effect of DADS on mouse testis is mediated by blocking apoptosis through changing the ratio of Tap73/ΔNp73 via mitochondrial pathway, suggesting that DADS could be used as a potential radio protection agent for the testis against heavy-ion radiation.
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30
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Wang J, Li W, Wang Y, Li C, Ding M, Zhang H, Lai M. The H6D genetic variation of GDF15 is associated with genesis, progress and prognosis in colorectal cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2015; 211:845-50. [PMID: 26365480 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) plays important roles in the carcinogenesis of many types of tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate whether H6D polymorphism is contributed to the genesis, progress and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Chinese population. METHODS Pyrosequencing was used to determine the H6D genotypes. The relationship between the genotypes and clinical characteristics was analyzed. RESULTS The frequency of CG+GG genotype in the GDF15 H6D polymorphism was significantly increased in CRC patients when compared with controls [odds ratio (OR), 1.543; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.138-2.094, P=0.005]. We also found that the patients with CG+GG genotype had an increased risk of death from colon cancer than those carrying homozygote CC [hazard ratio (HR), 2.472; 95% CI, 1.172-5.214; P=0.017] and the patients with CG+GG genotype of colon cancer also have a positive correlation with distant metastasis than those carrying homozygote CC (χ(2)=4.087, P=0.043). For the first time, H6D was also identified as somatic mutation when compared the H6D genotype in tumor tissues and their matched normal tissues, and the mutation rate is 7.2%. The male CRC patients with the H6D mutation were susceptible to distant metastasis (P=0.028, χ(2)=4.820) and had a relatively poor prognosis. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the H6D genetic variant may be considered as a biomarker of tumorgenesis, metastasis and prognosis in colorectal cancer in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, PR China; Department of Pathology, the First Hospital of Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Wenfeng Li
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Meiman Ding
- The Criminal Investigation Detachment of Jiaxing Public Security Bureau, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Honghe Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Maode Lai
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, PR China.
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31
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Uno T, Ogura C, Izumi C, Nakamura M, Yanase T, Yamazaki H, Ashida H, Kanamaru K, Yamagata H, Imaishi H. Point mutation of cytochrome P450 2A6 (a polymorphic variant CYP2A6.25) confers new substrate specificity towards flavonoids. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.1966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohide Uno
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture; Kobe University; Nada-ku Kobe Hyogo 657-8501 Japan
| | - Chika Ogura
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture; Kobe University; Nada-ku Kobe Hyogo 657-8501 Japan
| | - Chiho Izumi
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture; Kobe University; Nada-ku Kobe Hyogo 657-8501 Japan
| | - Masahiko Nakamura
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science; Kyoto Gakuen University; 1-1 Nanjo, Sogabe Kameoka Kyoto 621-8555 Japan
| | - Takeshi Yanase
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture; Kobe University; Nada-ku Kobe Hyogo 657-8501 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; Showa Pharmaceutical University; Machida Tokyo 194-8543 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ashida
- Laboratory of Biochemistry Frontiers, Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; Nada-ku Kobe Hyogo 657-8501 Japan
| | - Kengo Kanamaru
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture; Kobe University; Nada-ku Kobe Hyogo 657-8501 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamagata
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture; Kobe University; Nada-ku Kobe Hyogo 657-8501 Japan
| | - Hiromasa Imaishi
- Functional Analysis of Environmental Genes, Research Center for Environmental Genomics; Kobe University; Nada-ku Kobe Hyogo 657-8501 Japan
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32
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Singhal SS, Singhal J, Figarola JL, Riggs A, Horne D, Awasthi S. 2′-Hydroxyflavanone: A promising molecule for kidney cancer prevention. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 96:151-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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33
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Lee JM, Lee MS, Koh D, Lee YH, Lim Y, Shin SY. A new synthetic 2'-hydroxy-2,4,6-trimethoxy-5',6'-naphthochalcone induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by disrupting the microtubular network of human colon cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2014; 354:348-54. [PMID: 25193463 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Methoxylated chalcones exert antitumor activities. In the present study, we characterized the cytotoxicity of methylated chalcone derivatives against human colon cancer cells. We synthesized a group of methoxychalcones and explored the molecular mechanisms underlying inhibition of tumor growth by these materials. A new synthetic methoxychalcone, 2'-hydroxy-2,4,6-trimethoxy-5',6'-naphthochalcone (named HMNC-74), most effectively inhibited the clonogenicity of SW620 colon cancer cells. Mechanistically, HMNC-74 triggered cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, followed by an increase in apoptotic cell death. Our results indicate that the cytotoxicity of the novel compound HMNC-74 involves the disruption of microtubular networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Min Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Cancer and Metabolism Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi So Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Cancer and Metabolism Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsoo Koh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 136-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Han Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Cancer and Metabolism Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoongho Lim
- Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology, BMIC, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soon Young Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Cancer and Metabolism Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
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WU KAIJIE, NING ZHONGYUN, ZHOU JIANCHENG, WANG BIN, FAN JINHAI, ZHU JIANNING, GAO YANG, WANG XINYANG, HSIEH JERTSONG, HE DALIN. 2′-Hydroxyflavanone inhibits prostate tumor growth through inactivation of AKT/STAT3 signaling and induction of cell apoptosis. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:131-8. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Yang MH, Kim J, Khan IA, Walker LA, Khan SI. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug activated gene-1 (NAG-1) modulators from natural products as anti-cancer agents. Life Sci 2014; 100:75-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Chang JW, Kang SU, Choi JW, Shin YS, Baek SJ, Lee SH, Kim CH. Tolfenamic acid induces apoptosis and growth inhibition in anaplastic thyroid cancer: Involvement of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene-1 expression and intracellular reactive oxygen species generation. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 67:115-30. [PMID: 24216474 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.10.818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are usually used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. However, certain NSAIDs also have antitumor activities in various cancers, including head and neck cancer, through cyclooxygenase-dependent or independent pathways. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene-1 (NAG-1), a TGF-β superfamily protein, is induced by NSAIDs and has been shown to be induced by several antitumorigenic compounds and to exhibit proapoptotic and antitumorigenic activities. In this report, we demonstrate for the first time that tolfenamic acid (TA) transcriptionally induced the expression of NAG-1 during TA-induced apoptosis of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) cells. TA reduced the viability of ATC cells in a dose-dependent manner and induced apoptosis, findings that were coincident with NAG-1 expression. Overexpression of the NAG-1 gene using cDNA enhanced the apoptotic effect of TA, whereas suppression of NAG-1 expression by small interfering RNA attenuated TA-induced apoptosis. Subsequently, we found that intracellular ROS generation plays an important role in activating the proapoptotic protein NAG-1. Then, we confirmed antitumorigenic effects of TA in a nude mouse orthotopic ATC model, and this result accompanied the augmentation of NAG-1 expression and ROS generation in tumor tissue. Taken together, these results demonstrate that TA induces apoptosis via NAG-1 expression and ROS generation in in vitro and in vivo ATC models, providing a novel mechanistic explanation and indicating a potential chemotherapeutic approach for treatment of ATC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Growth Differentiation Factor 15/agonists
- Growth Differentiation Factor 15/antagonists & inhibitors
- Growth Differentiation Factor 15/genetics
- Growth Differentiation Factor 15/metabolism
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Reactive Oxygen Species/agonists
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic/drug therapy
- Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic/genetics
- Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic/metabolism
- Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic/pathology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- ortho-Aminobenzoates/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Won Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 442-749, Korea; Center for Cell Death-Regulating Biodrugs, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 442-749, Korea
| | - Sung Un Kang
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 442-749, Korea; Center for Cell Death-Regulating Biodrugs, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 442-749, Korea
| | - Jae Won Choi
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 442-749, Korea; Center for Cell Death-Regulating Biodrugs, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 442-749, Korea
| | - Yoo Seob Shin
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 442-749, Korea; Center for Cell Death-Regulating Biodrugs, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 442-749, Korea
| | - Seung Joon Baek
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Seong-Ho Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Chul-Ho Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 442-749, Korea; Center for Cell Death-Regulating Biodrugs, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 442-749, Korea.
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Shin SY, Kim JH, Yoon H, Choi YK, Koh D, Lim Y, Lee YH. Novel antimitotic activity of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2',3'-benzochalcone (HymnPro) through the inhibition of tubulin polymerization. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:12588-12597. [PMID: 24308485 DOI: 10.1021/jf4034688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The natural chalcones and their derivatives exhibit many biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory and antitumoral. However, the precise mechanisms of action of benzochalcone derivatives are currently unknown. Here, a set of benzochalcones was synthesized, and the molecular mechanisms underlying inhibition of tumor growth were investigated. Colony-forming assays revealed that among tested compounds, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2',3'-benzochalcone (HymnPro) most effectively inhibited the clonogenicity of Capan-1 human pancreatic cancer cells. HymnPro inhibited cell proliferation in several human solid tumor cell lines and suppressed xenografted tumor growth in nude mice. Mechanistically, HymnPro induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, followed by an increase in apoptotic cell death. These events were associated with the inhibition of tubulin polymerization through binding of HymnPro to tubulin, leading to the formation of abnormal mono- or multipolar mitotic microtubule structures accompanied by spherical arrangement of multinucleated chromosomes. Furthermore, HymnPro activated caspase-2, caspase-9, caspase-3, and caspase-7 and increased the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). HymnPro increased the phosphorylation of JNK1/2, Erk1/2, and p38 kinase. Pretreatment with SP600125, U0126, or SB600125 abrogated HymnPro-induced activation of caspases-3 and caspase-7 and the cleavage of PARP, suggesting that MAPK signalings are involved in HymnPro-induced apoptosis. It was concluded that a novel HymnPro compound exerts antitumor activity by disrupting microtubule assembly, which leads to mitotic arrest and sequential activation of the caspase pathway, resulting in apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Young Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Cancer and Metabolism Institute, Konkuk University , Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
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Egr1 regulates lithium-induced transcription of the Period 2 (PER2) gene. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:1969-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lee JM, Shin SY, Yoon H, Lee MS, Lee YR, Koh D, Lee YH. Synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel pyrazolecarbothioamide derivative (DK115) inducing cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase in HCT116 human colon cancer cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13765-013-3065-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Transfected early growth response gene-1 DNA enzyme prevents stenosis and occlusion of autogenous vein graft in vivo. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:310406. [PMID: 23586030 PMCID: PMC3613055 DOI: 10.1155/2013/310406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to detect the inhibitory action of the early growth response gene-1 DNA enzyme (EDRz) as a carrying agent by liposomes on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and intimal hyperplasia. An autogenous vein graft model was established. EDRz was transfected to the graft vein. The vein graft samples were obtained on each time point after surgery. The expression of the EDRz transfected in the vein graft was detected using a fluorescent microscope. Early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1) mRNA was measured using reverse transcription-PCR and in situ hybridization. And the protein expression of Egr-1 was detected by using western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses. EDRz was located at the media of the vein graft from 2 to 24 h, 7 h after grafting. The Egr-1 protein was mainly located in the medial VSMCs, monocytes, and endothelium cells during the early phase of the vein graft. The degree of VSMC proliferation and thickness of intima were obviously relieved compared with the no-gene therapy group. EDRz can reduce Egr-1 expression in autogenous vein grafts, effectively restrain VSMC proliferation and intimal hyperplasia, and prevent vascular stenosis and occlusion after vein graft.
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The diverse roles of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug activated gene (NAG-1/GDF15) in cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 85:597-606. [PMID: 23220538 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) activated gene-1, NAG-1, is a divergent member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily that plays a complex but poorly understood role in several human diseases including cancer. NAG-1 expression is substantially increased during cancer development and progression especially in gastrointestinal, prostate, pancreatic, colorectal, breast, melanoma, and glioblastoma brain tumors. Aberrant increases in the serum levels of secreted NAG-1 correlate with poor prognosis and patient survival rates in some cancers. In contrast, the expression of NAG-1 is up-regulated by several tumor suppressor pathways including p53, GSK-3β, and EGR-1. NAG-1 expression is also induced by many drugs and dietary compounds which are documented to prevent the development and progression of cancer in mouse models. Studies with transgenic mice expressing human NAG-1 demonstrated that the expression of NAG-1 inhibits the development of intestinal tumors and prostate tumors in animal models. Laboratory and clinical evidence suggest that NAG-1, like other TGF-β family members, may have different or pleiotropic functions in the early and late stages of carcinogenesis. Upon understanding the molecular mechanism and function of NAG-1 during carcinogenesis, NAG-1 may serve as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer and a therapeutic target for the inhibition and treatment of cancer development and progression.
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