1
|
Singh H, Mishra AK, Mohanto S, Kumar A, Mishra A, Amin R, Darwin CR, Emran TB. A recent update on the connection between dietary phytochemicals and skin cancer: emerging understanding of the molecular mechanism. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:5877-5913. [PMID: 39359831 PMCID: PMC11444613 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000002392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Constant exposure to harmful substances from both inside and outside the body can mess up the body's natural ways of keeping itself in balance. This can cause severe skin damage, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma. However, plant-derived compounds found in fruits and vegetables have been shown to protect against skin cancer-causing free radicals and other harmful substances. It has been determined that these dietary phytochemicals are effective in preventing skin cancer and are widely available, inexpensive, and well-tolerated. Studies have shown that these phytochemicals possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiangiogenic properties that can aid in the prevention of skin cancers. In addition, they influence crucial cellular processes such as angiogenesis and cell cycle control, which can halt the progression of skin cancer. The present paper discusses the benefits of specific dietary phytochemicals found in fruits and vegetables, as well as the signaling pathways they regulate, the molecular mechanisms involved in the prevention of skin cancer, and their drawbacks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh
| | | | - Sourav Mohanto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka
| | - Arvind Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Amrita Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi
| | - Ruhul Amin
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam downtown University, Panikhaiti, Gandhinagar, Guwahati, Assam
| | | | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shi Z, Zeng H, Zhao B, Zeng C, Zhang F, Liu Z, Kwan HY, Su T. Sulforaphane reverses the enhanced NSCLC metastasis by regulating the miR-7-5p/c-Myc/LDHA axis in the acidic tumor microenvironment. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 133:155874. [PMID: 39079314 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of distant metastasis at the time of initial diagnosis is a prevalent issue in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), affecting around 30-40 % of the patients. Acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) provides favorable conditions that increase the invasiveness and aggressiveness of NSCLC. The activity of the glycolytic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA) increases intracellular lactate accumulation, which creates an acidic TME. However, it is not yet known whether LDHA is involved in enhancing the metastatic potential of NSCLC and if LDHA is a druggable therapeutic target for NSCLC. PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the enhanced NSCLC metastasis in acidic TME, and to explore whether sulforaphane (SFN), an active compound in Raphani Semen, can serve as a LDHA inhibitor to inhibit NSCLC metastasis in the acidic TME. METHODS To mimic the acidic TME, NSCLC cells were cultured in acidic medium (pH 6.6), normal medium (pH 7.4) served as control. Western blotting, bioinformatic analysis, luciferase assay and rescue experiments were used to explore the mechanism and investigate the anti-metastatic effect of SFN both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Acidic environment increases the expression of LDHA which in turn increases the production of lactic acid that contributes to the acidity of TME. Interestingly, elevated LDHA expression results from increased c-Myc expression, which transactivates LDHA. c-Myc expression is directly regulated by miR-7-5p. In vitro study shows that overexpression of miR-7-5p reverses the acidic pH-enhanced c-Myc and LDHA expressions and also abolishes the enhanced NSCLC cell migration. More importantly, SFN significantly inhibits NSCLC growth and metastasis by reducing lactate production via the miR-7-5p/c-Myc/LDHA axis. Besides, it also regulates the expressions of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) and MCT4 that transport lactate across cell membrane. CONCLUSIONS The miR-7-5p/c-Myc/LDHA axis is involved in the enhanced NSCLC metastasis in the acidic TME. SFN, a novel LDHA inhibitor, reduces lactate production by targeting the miR-7-5p/c-Myc/LDHA axis, and hence inhibits NSCLC metastasis. Our findings not only delineate a novel mechanism, but also support the clinical translation of SFN as a novel therapeutic agent for treating metastatic NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Huiyan Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Bingquan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Chen Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau.
| | - Hiu Yee Kwan
- Centre for Cancer & Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, PR China.
| | - Tao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xiao JL, Liu HY, Sun CC, Tang CF. Regulation of Keap1-Nrf2 signaling in health and diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:809. [PMID: 39001962 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09771-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) functions as a central regulator in modulating the activities of diverse antioxidant enzymes, maintaining cellular redox balance, and responding to oxidative stress (OS). Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) serves as a principal negative modulator in controlling the expression of detoxification and antioxidant genes. It is widely accepted that OS plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. When OS occurs, leading to inflammatory infiltration of neutrophils, increased secretion of proteases, and the generation of large quantities of reactive oxygen radicals (ROS). These ROS can oxidize or disrupt DNA, lipids, and proteins either directly or indirectly. They also cause gene mutations, lipid peroxidation, and protein denaturation, all of which can result in disease. The Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway regulates the balance between oxidants and antioxidants in vivo, maintains the stability of the intracellular environment, and promotes cell growth and repair. However, the antioxidant properties of the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway are reduced in disease. This review overviews the mechanisms of OS generation, the biological properties of Keap1-Nrf2, and the regulatory role of its pathway in health and disease, to explore therapeutic strategies for the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway in different diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Ling Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of the Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410012, China
| | - Heng-Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of the Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410012, China
| | - Chen-Chen Sun
- Institute of Physical Education, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410205, China.
| | - Chang-Fa Tang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of the Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bouranis JA, Ren Y, Beaver LM, Choi J, Wong CP, He L, Traber MG, Kelly J, Booth SL, Stevens JF, Fern XZ, Ho E. Identification of biological signatures of cruciferous vegetable consumption utilizing machine learning-based global untargeted stable isotope traced metabolomics. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1390223. [PMID: 39021604 PMCID: PMC11253721 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1390223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years there has been increased interest in identifying biological signatures of food consumption for use as biomarkers. Traditional metabolomics-based biomarker discovery approaches rely on multivariate statistics which cannot differentiate between host- and food-derived compounds, thus novel approaches to biomarker discovery are required to advance the field. To this aim, we have developed a new method that combines global untargeted stable isotope traced metabolomics and a machine learning approach to identify biological signatures of cruciferous vegetable consumption. Participants consumed a single serving of broccoli (n = 16), alfalfa sprouts (n = 16) or collard greens (n = 26) which contained either control unlabeled metabolites, or that were grown in the presence of deuterium-labeled water to intrinsically label metabolites. Mass spectrometry analysis indicated 133 metabolites in broccoli sprouts and 139 metabolites in the alfalfa sprouts were labeled with deuterium isotopes. Urine and plasma were collected and analyzed using untargeted metabolomics on an AB SCIEX TripleTOF 5,600 mass spectrometer. Global untargeted stable isotope tracing was completed using openly available software and a novel random forest machine learning based classifier. Among participants who consumed labeled broccoli sprouts or collard greens, 13 deuterium-incorporated metabolomic features were detected in urine representing 8 urine metabolites. Plasma was analyzed among collard green consumers and 11 labeled features were detected representing 5 plasma metabolites. These deuterium-labeled metabolites represent potential biological signatures of cruciferous vegetables consumption. Isoleucine, indole-3-acetic acid-N-O-glucuronide, dihydrosinapic acid were annotated as labeled compounds but other labeled metabolites could not be annotated. This work presents a novel framework for identifying biological signatures of food consumption for biomarker discovery. Additionally, this work presents novel applications of metabolomics and machine learning in the life sciences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John A. Bouranis
- School of Nutrition and Public Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Yijie Ren
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Laura M. Beaver
- School of Nutrition and Public Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Carmen P. Wong
- School of Nutrition and Public Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Lily He
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Maret G. Traber
- School of Nutrition and Public Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Jennifer Kelly
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sarah L. Booth
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jan F. Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Xiaoli Z. Fern
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Emily Ho
- School of Nutrition and Public Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mecca M, Sichetti M, Giuseffi M, Giglio E, Sabato C, Sanseverino F, Marino G. Synergic Role of Dietary Bioactive Compounds in Breast Cancer Chemoprevention and Combination Therapies. Nutrients 2024; 16:1883. [PMID: 38931238 PMCID: PMC11206589 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common tumor in women. Chemotherapy is the gold standard for cancer treatment; however, severe side effects and tumor resistance are the major obstacles to chemotherapy success. Numerous dietary components and phytochemicals have been found to inhibit the molecular and signaling pathways associated with different stages of breast cancer development. In particular, this review is focused on the antitumor effects of PUFAs, dietary enzymes, and glucosinolates against breast cancer. The major databases were consulted to search in vitro and preclinical studies; only those with solid scientific evidence and reporting protective effects on breast cancer treatment were included. A consistent number of studies highlighted that dietary components and phytochemicals can have remarkable therapeutic effects as single agents or in combination with other anticancer agents, administered at different concentrations and via different routes of administration. These provide a natural strategy for chemoprevention, reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence, impair cell proliferation and viability, and induce apoptosis. Some of these bioactive compounds of dietary origin, however, show poor solubility and low bioavailability; hence, encapsulation in nanoformulations are promising tools able to increase clinical efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisabel Mecca
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (M.G.); (E.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Marzia Sichetti
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (M.G.); (E.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Martina Giuseffi
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (M.G.); (E.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Eugenia Giglio
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (M.G.); (E.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Claudia Sabato
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (M.G.); (E.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Francesca Sanseverino
- Unit of Gynecologic Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy;
| | - Graziella Marino
- Unit of Breast Cancer, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Baladia E, Moñino M, Pleguezuelos E, Russolillo G, Garnacho-Castaño MV. Broccoli Consumption and Risk of Cancer: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Nutrients 2024; 16:1583. [PMID: 38892516 PMCID: PMC11174709 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The scientific literature has reported an inverse association between broccoli consumption and the risk of suffering from several types of cancer; however, the results were not entirely consistent across studies. A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies were conducted to determine the association between broccoli consumption and cancer risk with the aim of clarifying the beneficial biological effects of broccoli consumption on cancer. METHODS PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), and Epistemonikos databases were searched to identify all published papers that evaluate the impact of broccoli consumption on the risk of cancer. Citation chasing of included studies was conducted as a complementary search strategy. The risk of bias in individual studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A random-effects model meta-analysis was employed to quantitatively synthesize results, with the I2 index used to assess heterogeneity. RESULTS Twenty-three case-control studies (n = 12,929 cases and 18,363 controls; n = 31,292 individuals) and 12 cohort studies (n = 699,482 individuals) were included in the meta-analysis. The results suggest an inverse association between broccoli consumption and the risk of cancer both in case-control studies (OR: 0.64, 95% CI from 0.58 to 0.70, p < 0.001; Q = 35.97, p = 0.072, I2 = 30.49%-moderate heterogeneity; τ2 = 0.016) and cohort studies (RR: 0.89, 95% CI from 0.82 to 0.96, p = 0.003; Q = 13.51, p = 0.333, I2 = 11.21%-low heterogeneity; τ2 = 0.002). Subgroup analysis suggested a potential benefit of broccoli consumption in site-specific cancers only in case-control studies. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the findings indicate that individuals suffering from some type of cancer consumed less broccoli, suggesting a protective biological effect of broccoli on cancer. More studies, especially cohort studies, are necessary to clarify the possible beneficial effect of broccoli on several types of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Baladia
- Spanish Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (E.B.); (M.M.); (G.R.)
| | - Manuel Moñino
- Spanish Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (E.B.); (M.M.); (G.R.)
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eulogio Pleguezuelos
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mataró Hospital, Mataró, 08304 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Giuseppe Russolillo
- Spanish Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (E.B.); (M.M.); (G.R.)
| | - Manuel Vicente Garnacho-Castaño
- DAFNiS Research Group, Pain, Physical Activity, Nutrition and Health, Campus Docent Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830 Barcelona, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de Valencia (VIU), 46002 Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alaba TE, Holman JM, Ishaq SL, Li Y. Current Knowledge on the Preparation and Benefits of Cruciferous Vegetables as Relates to In Vitro, In Vivo, and Clinical Models of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:102160. [PMID: 38779039 PMCID: PMC11108850 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic condition with a significant economic and social burden. The disease is complex and challenging to treat because it involves several pathologies, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, dysbiosis, and intestinal damage. The search for an effective treatment has identified cruciferous vegetables and their phytochemicals as potential management options for inflammatory bowel disease because they contain prebiotics, probiotics, and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant metabolites essential for a healthy gut. This critical narrative style review provides a robust insight into the pharmacological effects and benefits of crucifers and their documented bioactive compounds in in vitro and in vivo models, as well as clinical inflammatory bowel disease. The review highlights the significant impact of crucifer preparation and the presence of glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, flavonoids, and polyphenolic compounds, which are essential for the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative benefits of cruciferous vegetables, as well as their ability to promote the healthy microbial community and maintain the intestinal barrier. This review may serve as a viable nutritional guide for future research on methods and features essential to developing experiments, preventions, and treatments for inflammatory bowel disease. There is limited clinical information and future research may utilize current innovative tools, such as metabolomics, for adequate knowledge and effective translation into clinical therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tolu E Alaba
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Johanna M Holman
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Suzanne L Ishaq
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Yanyan Li
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY Binghamton University, Johnson City, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bouranis JA, Beaver LM, Wong CP, Choi J, Hamer S, Davis EW, Brown KS, Jiang D, Sharpton TJ, Stevens JF, Ho E. Sulforaphane and Sulforaphane-Nitrile Metabolism in Humans Following Broccoli Sprout Consumption: Inter-individual Variation, Association with Gut Microbiome Composition, and Differential Bioactivity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300286. [PMID: 38143283 PMCID: PMC10922398 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The glucosinolate glucoraphanin from broccoli is converted to sulforaphane (SFN) or sulforaphane-nitrile (SFN-NIT) by plant enzymes or the gut microbiome. Human feeding studies typically observe high inter-individual variation in absorption and excretion of SFN, however, the source of this variation is not fully known. To address this, a human feeding trial to comprehensively evaluate inter-individual variation in the absorption and excretion of all known SFN metabolites in urine, plasma, and stool, and tested the hypothesis that gut microbiome composition influences inter-individual variation in total SFN excretion has been conducted. METHODS AND RESULTS Participants (n = 55) consumed a single serving of broccoli or alfalfa sprouts and plasma, stool, and total urine are collected over 72 h for quantification of SFN metabolites and gut microbiome profiling using 16S gene sequencing. SFN-NIT excretion is markedly slower than SFN excretion (72 h vs 24 h). Members of genus Bifidobacterium, Dorea, and Ruminococcus torques are positively associated with SFN metabolite excretion while members of genus Alistipes and Blautia has a negative association. CONCLUSION This is the first report of SFN-NIT metabolite levels in human plasma, urine, and stool following consumption of broccoli sprouts. The results help explain factors driving inter-individual variation in SFN metabolism and are relevant for precision nutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John A Bouranis
- College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Laura M Beaver
- College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Carmen P Wong
- College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Sean Hamer
- College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Ed W Davis
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Center for Quantitative Life Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Kevin S Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Duo Jiang
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Thomas J Sharpton
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Jan F Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Emily Ho
- College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Guadarrama-Enríquez O, Moreno-Pérez GF, González-Trujano ME, Ángeles-López GE, Ventura-Martínez R, Díaz-Reval I, Cano-Martínez A, Pellicer F, Baenas N, Moreno DA, García-Viguera C. Antinociceptive and antiedema effects produced in rats by Brassica oleracea var. italica sprouts involving sulforaphane. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:3217-3226. [PMID: 37728726 PMCID: PMC10692002 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01326-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Natural products are recognized as potential analgesics since many of them are part of modern medicine to relieve pain without serious adverse effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of an aqueous extract of Brassica oleracea var. italica sprouts (AEBS) and one of its main reported bioactive metabolites sulforaphane (SFN). Antinociceptive activity of the AEBS (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg, i.p. or 1000 and 2000 mg/kg, p.o.) and SFN (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) was evaluated in the plantar test in rats to reinforce its analgesic-like activity at central level using the reference drug tramadol (TR, 50 mg/kg, i.p.). The anti-inflammatory-like response was determined in the carrageenan-induced oedema at the same dosages for comparison with ketorolac (KET, 20 mg/kg, i.p.) or indomethacin (INDO, 20 mg/kg, p.o.). A histological analysis of the swollen paw was included to complement the anti-inflammatory response. Additionally, acute toxicity observed in clinical analgesics as the most common adverse effects, such as sedation and/or gastric damage, was also explored. As a result, central and peripheral action of the AEBS was confirmed using enteral and parenteral administration, in which significant reduction of the nociceptive and inflammatory responses resembled the effects of TR, KET, or INDO, respectively, involving the presence of SFN. No adverse or toxic effects were observed in the presence of the AEBS or SFN. In conclusion, this study supports that Brassica oleracea var. italica sprouts are a potential source of antinociceptive natural products such as SFN for therapy of pain alone and associated to an inflammation condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Guadarrama-Enríquez
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales. Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de La Fuente Muñiz", Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Tlalpan. C.P, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Gabriel Fernando Moreno-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales. Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de La Fuente Muñiz", Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Tlalpan. C.P, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - María Eva González-Trujano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales. Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de La Fuente Muñiz", Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Tlalpan. C.P, Ciudad de Mexico, México.
| | - Guadalupe Esther Ángeles-López
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad No. 3000, Col. Ciudad Universitaria, Alcaldía Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Rosa Ventura-Martínez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad No. 3000, Col. Ciudad Universitaria, Alcaldía Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Irene Díaz-Reval
- Laboratorio de "Farmacología del Dolor" del Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de Julio 965, 28045, Colima, Col, Mexico
| | - Agustina Cano-Martínez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan. C.P, 14080, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Francisco Pellicer
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales. Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de La Fuente Muñiz", Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Tlalpan. C.P, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Nieves Baenas
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Diego A Moreno
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica y Alimentos Saludables (LabFAS), CEBAS, CSIC, Campus de Espinardo - 25, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Viguera
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica y Alimentos Saludables (LabFAS), CEBAS, CSIC, Campus de Espinardo - 25, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Otoo RA, Allen AR. Sulforaphane's Multifaceted Potential: From Neuroprotection to Anticancer Action. Molecules 2023; 28:6902. [PMID: 37836745 PMCID: PMC10574530 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is a naturally occurring compound found in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli and cauliflower. It has been widely studied for its potential as a neuroprotective and anticancer agent. This review aims to critically evaluate the current evidence supporting the neuroprotective and anticancer effects of SFN and the potential mechanisms through which it exerts these effects. SFN has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects through the activation of the Nrf2 pathway, the modulation of neuroinflammation, and epigenetic mechanisms. In cancer treatment, SFN has demonstrated the ability to selectively induce cell death in cancer cells, inhibit histone deacetylase, and sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy. SFN has also shown chemoprotective properties through inhibiting phase I metabolizing enzymes, modulating phase II xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, and targeting cancer stem cells. In addition to its potential as a therapeutic agent for neurological disorders and cancer treatment, SFN has shown promise as a potential treatment for cerebral ischemic injury and intracranial hemorrhage. Finally, the ongoing and completed clinical trials on SFN suggest potential therapeutic benefits, but more research is needed to establish its effectiveness. Overall, SFN holds significant promise as a natural compound with diverse therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond A. Otoo
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, Suite 441B-2, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, Suite 441B-2, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, Suite 441B-2, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Antiño R. Allen
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, Suite 441B-2, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, Suite 441B-2, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, Suite 441B-2, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Treasure K, Harris J, Williamson G. Exploring the anti-inflammatory activity of sulforaphane. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:805-828. [PMID: 37650498 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of innate immune responses can result in chronic inflammatory conditions. Glucocorticoids, the current frontline therapy, are effective immunosuppressive drugs but come with a trade-off of cumulative and serious side effects. Therefore, alternative drug options with improved safety profiles are urgently needed. Sulforaphane, a phytochemical derived from plants of the brassica family, is a potent inducer of phase II detoxification enzymes via nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) signaling. Moreover, a growing body of evidence suggests additional diverse anti-inflammatory properties of sulforaphane through interactions with mediators of key signaling pathways and inflammatory cytokines. Multiple studies support a role for sulforaphane as a negative regulator of nuclear factor kappa-light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activation and subsequent cytokine release, inflammasome activation and direct regulation of the activity of macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Significantly, studies have also highlighted potential steroid-sparing activity for sulforaphane, suggesting that it may have potential as an adjunctive therapy for some inflammatory conditions. This review discusses published research on sulforaphane, including proposed mechanisms of action, and poses questions for future studies that might help progress our understanding of the potential clinical applications of this intriguing molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie Treasure
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Heart Hospital, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - James Harris
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Heart Hospital, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yan L, Yan Y. Therapeutic potential of sulforaphane in liver diseases: a review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1256029. [PMID: 37705537 PMCID: PMC10495681 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1256029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The burden of liver diseases such as metabolic-associated fatty liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma has increased rapidly worldwide over the past decades. However, pharmacological therapies for these liver diseases are insufficient. Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate that is mainly found in cruciferous vegetables, has been found to have a broad spectrum of activities like antioxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-diabetic, and anticancer effects. Recently, a growing number of studies have reported that SFN could significantly ameliorate hepatic steatosis and prevent the development of fatty liver, improve insulin sensitivity, attenuate oxidative damage and liver injury, induce apoptosis, and inhibit the proliferation of hepatoma cells through multiple signaling pathways. Moreover, many clinical studies have demonstrated that SFN is harmless to the human body and well-tolerated by individuals. This emerging evidence suggests SFN to be a promising drug candidate in the treatment of liver diseases. Nevertheless, limitations exist in the development of SFN as a hepatoprotective drug due to its special properties, including instability, water insolubility, and high inter-individual variation of bioavailability when used from broccoli sprout extracts. Herein, we comprehensively review the recent progress of SFN in the treatment of common liver diseases and the underlying mechanisms, with the aim to provide a better understanding of the therapeutic potential of SFN in liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
van Steenwijk HP, Winter E, Knaven E, Brouwers JF, van Baardwijk M, van Dalum JB, Luijendijk TJC, van Osch FHM, Troost FJ, Bast A, Semen KO, de Boer A. The beneficial effect of sulforaphane on platelet responsiveness during caloric load: a single-intake, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial in healthy participants. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1204561. [PMID: 37485383 PMCID: PMC10359317 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1204561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims As our understanding of platelet activation in response to infections and/or inflammatory conditions is growing, it is becoming clearer that safe, yet efficacious, platelet-targeted phytochemicals could improve public health beyond the field of cardiovascular diseases. The phytonutrient sulforaphane shows promise for clinical use due to its effect on inflammatory pathways, favorable pharmacokinetic profile, and high bioavailability. The potential of sulforaphane to improve platelet functionality in impaired metabolic processes has however hardly been studied in humans. This study investigated the effects of broccoli sprout consumption, as a source of sulforaphane, on urinary 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (TXB2), a stable thromboxane metabolite used to monitor eicosanoid biosynthesis and response to antithrombotic therapy, in healthy participants exposed to caloric overload. Methods In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial 12 healthy participants were administered 16g of broccoli sprouts, or pea sprouts (placebo) followed by the standardized high-caloric drink PhenFlex given to challenge healthy homeostasis. Urine samples were collected during the study visits and analyzed for 11-dehydro-TXB2, sulforaphane and its metabolites. Genotyping was performed using Illumina GSA v3.0 DTCBooster. Results Administration of broccoli sprouts before the caloric load reduced urinary 11-dehydro-TXB2 levels by 50% (p = 0.018). The amount of sulforaphane excreted in the urine during the study visits correlated negatively with 11-dehydro-TXB2 (rs = -0.377, p = 0.025). Participants carrying the polymorphic variant NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1*2) showed decreased excretion of sulforaphane (p = 0.035). Conclusion Sulforaphane was shown to be effective in targeting platelet responsiveness after a single intake. Our results indicate an inverse causal relationship between sulforaphane and 11-dehydro-TXB2, which is unaffected by the concomitant intake of the metabolic challenge. 11-Dehydro-TXB2 shows promise as a non-invasive, sensitive, and suitable biomarker to investigate the effects of phytonutrients on platelet aggregation within hours. Clinical trial registration [https://clinicaltrials.gov/], identifier [NCT05146804].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidde P. van Steenwijk
- Food Claims Centre Venlo, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Evi Winter
- Food Claims Centre Venlo, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Edward Knaven
- Research Group Analysis Techniques in the Life Sciences, Avans University of Applied Sciences, Breda, Netherlands
| | - Jos F. Brouwers
- Research Group Analysis Techniques in the Life Sciences, Avans University of Applied Sciences, Breda, Netherlands
| | - Myrthe van Baardwijk
- Omnigen B.V., Delft, Netherlands
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Frits H. M. van Osch
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, VieCuri Medical Center, Venlo, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, NUTRIM, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Freddy J. Troost
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Food Innovation and Health, Centre for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Aalt Bast
- University College Venlo, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Khrystyna O. Semen
- University College Venlo, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Alie de Boer
- Food Claims Centre Venlo, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bouranis JA, Beaver LM, Jiang D, Choi J, Wong CP, Davis EW, Williams DE, Sharpton TJ, Stevens JF, Ho E. Interplay between Cruciferous Vegetables and the Gut Microbiome: A Multi-Omic Approach. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010042. [PMID: 36615700 PMCID: PMC9824405 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassica vegetables contain a multitude of bioactive compounds that prevent and suppress cancer and promote health. Evidence suggests that the gut microbiome may be essential in the production of these compounds; however, the relationship between specific microbes and the abundance of metabolites produced during cruciferous vegetable digestion are still unclear. We utilized an ex vivo human fecal incubation model with in vitro digested broccoli sprouts (Broc), Brussels sprouts (Brus), a combination of the two vegetables (Combo), or a negative control (NC) to investigate microbial metabolites of cruciferous vegetables. We conducted untargeted metabolomics on the fecal cultures by LC-MS/MS and completed 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We identified 72 microbial genera in our samples, 29 of which were significantly differentially abundant between treatment groups. A total of 4499 metabolomic features were found to be significantly different between treatment groups (q ≤ 0.05, fold change > 2). Chemical enrichment analysis revealed 45 classes of compounds to be significantly enriched by brassicas, including long-chain fatty acids, coumaric acids, and peptides. Multi-block PLS-DA and a filtering method were used to identify microbe−metabolite interactions. We identified 373 metabolites from brassica, which had strong relationships with microbes, such as members of the family Clostridiaceae and genus Intestinibacter, that may be microbially derived.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John A. Bouranis
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Laura M. Beaver
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Duo Jiang
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Carmen P. Wong
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Edward W. Davis
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Center for Quantitative Life Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - David E. Williams
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Thomas J. Sharpton
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Jan F. Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Emily Ho
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Vargas-Mendoza N, Madrigal-Santillán E, Álvarez-González I, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Anguiano-Robledo L, Aguilar-Faisal JL, Morales-Martínez M, Delgado-Olivares L, Rodríguez-Negrete EV, Morales-González Á, Morales-González JA. Phytochemicals in Skeletal Muscle Health: Effects of Curcumin (from Curcuma longa Linn) and Sulforaphane (from Brassicaceae) on Muscle Function, Recovery and Therapy of Muscle Atrophy. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11192517. [PMID: 36235384 PMCID: PMC9573421 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The mobility of the human body depends on, among other things, muscle health, which can be affected by several situations, such as aging, increased oxidative stress, malnutrition, cancer, and the lack or excess of physical exercise, among others. Genetic, metabolic, hormonal, and nutritional factors are intricately involved in maintaining the balance that allows proper muscle function and fiber recovery; therefore, the breakdown of the balance among these elements can trigger muscle atrophy. The study from the nutrigenomic perspective of nutritional factors has drawn wide attention recently; one of these is the use of certain compounds derived from foods and plants known as phytochemicals, to which various biological activities have been described and attributed in terms of benefiting health in many respects. This work addresses the effect that the phytochemicals curcumin from Curcuma longa Linn and sulforaphane from Brassicaceae species have shown to exert on muscle function, recovery, and the prevention of muscle atrophy, and describes the impact on muscle health in general. In the same manner, there are future perspectives in research on novel compounds as potential agents in the prevention or treatment of medical conditions that affect muscle health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Vargas-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Santillán
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Isela Álvarez-González
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu. Col., Zacatenco, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu. Col., Zacatenco, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Liliana Anguiano-Robledo
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Molecular, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - José Leopoldo Aguilar-Faisal
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Morales-Martínez
- Licenciatura en Nutrición, Universidad Intercontinental, Insurgentes Sur 4303, Santa Úrsula Xitla, Alcaldía Tlalpan, Mexico City 14420, Mexico
| | - Luis Delgado-Olivares
- Centro de Investigación Interdisciplinario, Área Académica de Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Circuito Actopan-Tilcuauttla, s/n, Ex Hacienda la Concepción, San Agustín Tlaxiaca, Hidalgo 2160, Mexico
| | | | - Ángel Morales-González
- Escuela Superior de Cómputo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Juan de Dios Bátiz s/n Esquina Miguel Othón de Mendizabal, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
- Correspondence: (Á.M.-G.); (J.A.M.-G.); Tel.: +52-55-5729-6300 (Á.M.-G. & J.A.M.-G.)
| | - José A. Morales-González
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Correspondence: (Á.M.-G.); (J.A.M.-G.); Tel.: +52-55-5729-6300 (Á.M.-G. & J.A.M.-G.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dana AH, Alejandro SP. Role of sulforaphane in endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis through regulation of the antioxidant response. Life Sci 2022; 299:120554. [PMID: 35452639 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the nutraceutical agent sulforaphane (SFN) shows great versatility in turning on different cellular responses. Mainly, this isothiocyanate acts as a master regulator of cellular homeostasis due to its antioxidant response and cytoplasmic, mitochondrial, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein modulation. Even more, SFN acts as an effective strategy to counteract oxidative stress, apoptosis, and ER stress, among others as seen in different injury models. Particularly, ER stress is buffered by the unfolded protein response (UPR) activation, which is the first instance in orchestrating the recovery of ER function. Interestingly, different studies highlight a close interrelationship between ER stress and oxidative stress, two events driven by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This response inevitably perpetuates itself and acts as a vicious cycle that triggers the development of different pathologies, such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and others. Accordingly, it is vital to target ER stress and oxidative stress to increase the effectiveness of clinical therapies used to treat these diseases. Therefore, our study is focused on the role of SFN in preserving cellular homeostasis balance by regulating the ER stress response through the Nrf2-modulated antioxidant pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arana-Hidalgo Dana
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silva-Palacios Alejandro
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ordonez AA, Bullen CK, Villabona-Rueda AF, Thompson EA, Turner ML, Merino VF, Yan Y, Kim J, Davis SL, Komm O, Powell JD, D'Alessio FR, Yolken RH, Jain SK, Jones-Brando L. Sulforaphane exhibits antiviral activity against pandemic SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal HCoV-OC43 coronaviruses in vitro and in mice. Commun Biol 2022; 5:242. [PMID: 35304580 PMCID: PMC8933402 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03189-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has incited a global health crisis. Currently, there are limited therapeutic options for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections. We evaluated the antiviral activity of sulforaphane (SFN), the principal biologically active phytochemical derived from glucoraphanin, the naturally occurring precursor present in high concentrations in cruciferous vegetables. SFN inhibited in vitro replication of six strains of SARS-CoV-2, including Delta and Omicron, as well as that of the seasonal coronavirus HCoV-OC43. Further, SFN and remdesivir interacted synergistically to inhibit coronavirus infection in vitro. Prophylactic administration of SFN to K18-hACE2 mice prior to intranasal SARS-CoV-2 infection significantly decreased the viral load in the lungs and upper respiratory tract and reduced lung injury and pulmonary pathology compared to untreated infected mice. SFN treatment diminished immune cell activation in the lungs, including significantly lower recruitment of myeloid cells and a reduction in T cell activation and cytokine production. Our results suggest that SFN should be explored as a potential agent for the prevention or treatment of coronavirus infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro A Ordonez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - C Korin Bullen
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andres F Villabona-Rueda
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Thompson
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mitchell L Turner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vanessa F Merino
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yu Yan
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John Kim
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie L Davis
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Oliver Komm
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan D Powell
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Franco R D'Alessio
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert H Yolken
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sanjay K Jain
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lorraine Jones-Brando
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Orlando P, Nartea A, Silvestri S, Marcheggiani F, Cirilli I, Dludla PV, Fiorini R, Pacetti D, Loizzo MR, Lucci P, Tiano L. Bioavailability Study of Isothiocyanates and Other Bioactive Compounds of Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica Boiled or Steamed: Functional Food or Dietary Supplement? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020209. [PMID: 35204095 PMCID: PMC8868189 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The levels of bioactive compounds in broccoli and their bioavailability following broccoli intake can be affected by the cooking procedures used for vegetable preparation. In the present pilot study, we compared the human plasma bioavailability of antioxidant compounds (β-carotene, lutein and isothiocyanate) and of phylloquinone (vitamin K) on seven volunteers before and after the administration of boiled and steamed broccoli. Moreover, plasma isothiocyanate (ITCs) levels were also evaluated after the administration of a single dose of BroccoMax®, a dietary supplement containing GLSs with active myrosinase. Steam-cooking has been demonstrated to promote higher plasma bioavailability in ITCs than boiling (AUCSTEAMED = 417.4; AUCBOILED = 175.3) and is comparable to that reached following the intake of BroccoMax®, a supplement containing glucoraphanin and active myrosinase (AUC = 450.1). However, the impact of boiling and steaming treatment on plasma bioavailability of lipophilic antioxidants (lutein and β-carotene) and of phylloquinone was comparable. The lutein and β-carotene plasma levels did not change after administration of steamed or boiled broccoli. Conversely, both treatments led to a similar increase of phylloquinone plasma levels. Considering the antioxidant action and the potential chemopreventive activity of ITCs, steaming treatments can be considered the most suitable cooking method to promote the health benefits of broccoli in the diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Orlando
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Ancuta Nartea
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Sonia Silvestri
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabio Marcheggiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Ilenia Cirilli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Rosamaria Fiorini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Deborah Pacetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Monica Rosa Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Paolo Lucci
- Department of Agri-Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sekar P, Ravitchandirane R, Khanam S, Muniraj N, Cassinadane AV. Novel molecules as the emerging trends in cancer treatment: an update. Med Oncol 2022; 39:20. [PMID: 34982273 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As per World Health Organization cancer remains as a leading killer disease causing nearly 10 million deaths in 2020. Since the burden of cancer increases worldwide, warranting an urgent search for anti-cancer compounds from natural sources. Secondary metabolites from plants, marine organisms exhibit a novel chemical and structural diversity holding a great promise as therapeutics in cancer treatment. These natural metabolites target only the cancer cells and the normal healthy cells are left unharmed. In the emerging trends of cancer treatment, the natural bioactive compounds have long become a part of cancer chemotherapy. In this review, we have tried to compile about eight bioactive compounds from plant origin viz. combretastatin, ginsenoside, lycopene, quercetin, resveratrol, silymarin, sulforaphane and withaferin A, four marine-derived compounds viz. bryostatins, dolastatins, eribulin, plitidepsin and three microorganisms viz. Clostridium, Mycobacterium bovis and Streptococcus pyogenes with their well-established anticancer potential, mechanism of action and clinical establishments are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sekar
- Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Pondicherry, 605102, India
| | | | - Sofia Khanam
- Calcutta Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Allied Health Sciences, Howrah, WB, 711316, India
| | - Nethaji Muniraj
- Centre for Cancer Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Children's National Research Institute, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, D.C, 20010, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
The effects of the dietary compound L-sulforaphane against respiratory pathogens. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2021; 58:106460. [PMID: 34695564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2021.106460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
L-sulforaphane (LSF) is an isothiocyanate derived from cruciferous vegetables that has long been known for its anticarcinogenic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. LSF also possesses antimicrobial properties, although the evidence for this is limited. Respiratory pathogens, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pyogenes and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), are leading global causes of illness and death among children aged under five years, particularly in resource-poor countries where access to vaccines are limited or, in the case of S. pyogenes and RSV, vaccines have not been licensed for use in humans. Therefore, alternative strategies to prevent and/or treat these common infectious diseases are urgently needed. This study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial effects of LSF against common respiratory pathogens, S. pneumoniae (serotypes 1 and 6B), H. influenzae type B (HiB), non-typeable H. influenzae (NTHi), S. pyogenes and RSV in relevant human cell-based models. LSF significantly inhibited the growth of H. influenzae, but not S. pneumoniae or S. pyogenes. LSF did not improve opsonophagocytic capacity or killing by human phagocytic cell lines (HL-60s and THP-1 macrophages) for S. pneumoniae yet showed some improved killing for H. influenzae species in THP-1 macrophages. However, LSF significantly reduced RSV infection in human lung epithelial cells, associated with increased expression of cyclin D1 (CCND1) gene as well as the antioxidant genes, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX-1). Overall, LSF represents an exciting avenue for further antimicrobial research, particularly as a novel therapy against H. influenzae species and RSV.
Collapse
|
21
|
Bouranis JA, Beaver LM, Ho E. Metabolic Fate of Dietary Glucosinolates and Their Metabolites: A Role for the Microbiome. Front Nutr 2021; 8:748433. [PMID: 34631775 PMCID: PMC8492924 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.748433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Robust evidence shows that phytochemicals from cruciferous vegetables, like broccoli, are associated with numerous health benefits. The anti-cancer properties of these foods are attributed to bioactive isothiocyanates (ITCs) and indoles, phytochemicals generated from biological precursor compounds called glucosinolates. ITCs, and particularly sulforaphane (SFN), are of intense interest as they block the initiation, and suppress the progression of cancer, through genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. The efficacy of these compounds is well-demonstrated in cell culture and animal models, however, high levels of inter-individual variation in absorption and excretion of ITCs is a significant barrier to the use of dietary glucosinolates to prevent and treat disease. The source of inter-individual ITC variation has yet to be fully elucidated and the gut microbiome may play a key role. This review highlights evidence that the gut microbiome influences the metabolic fate and activity of ITCs. Human feeding trials have shown inter-individual variations in gut microbiome composition coincides with variations in ITC absorption and excretion, and some bacteria produce ITCs from glucosinolates. Additionally, consumption of cruciferous vegetables can alter the composition of the gut microbiome and shift the physiochemical environment of the gut lumen, influencing the production of phytochemicals. Microbiome and diet induced changes to ITC metabolism may lead to the decrease of cancer fighting phytochemicals such as SFN and increase the production of biologically inert ones like SFN-nitrile. We conclude by offering perspective on the use of novel “omics” technologies to elucidate the interplay of the gut microbiome and ITC formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John A Bouranis
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Laura M Beaver
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Emily Ho
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sulforaphane: A Broccoli Bioactive Phytocompound with Cancer Preventive Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194796. [PMID: 34638282 PMCID: PMC8508555 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As of the past decade, phytochemicals have become a major target of interest in cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic research. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a metabolite of the phytochemical glucoraphanin, which is found in high abundance in cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli, watercress, Brussels sprouts, and cabbage. In both distant and recent research, SFN has been shown to have a multitude of anticancer effects, increasing the need for a comprehensive review of the literature. In this review, we critically evaluate SFN as an anticancer agent and its mechanisms of action based on an impressive number of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. Abstract There is substantial and promising evidence on the health benefits of consuming broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables. The most important compound in broccoli, glucoraphanin, is metabolized to SFN by the thioglucosidase enzyme myrosinase. SFN is the major mediator of the health benefits that have been recognized for broccoli consumption. SFN represents a phytochemical of high interest as it may be useful in preventing the occurrence and/or mitigating the progression of cancer. Although several prior publications provide an excellent overview of the effect of SFN in cancer, these reports represent narrative reviews that focused mainly on SFN’s source, biosynthesis, and mechanisms of action in modulating specific pathways involved in cancer without a comprehensive review of SFN’s role or value for prevention of various human malignancies. This review evaluates the most recent state of knowledge concerning SFN’s efficacy in preventing or reversing a variety of neoplasms. In this work, we have analyzed published reports based on in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies to determine SFN’s potential as a chemopreventive agent. Furthermore, we have discussed the current limitations and challenges associated with SFN research and suggested future research directions before broccoli-derived products, especially SFN, can be used for human cancer prevention and intervention.
Collapse
|
23
|
Le TH. GSTM1 Gene, Diet, and Kidney Disease: Implication for Precision Medicine?: Recent Advances in Hypertension. Hypertension 2021; 78:936-945. [PMID: 34455814 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.16510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the United States, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in adults is ≈14%. The mainstay of therapy for chronic kidney disease is angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, but many patients with chronic kidney disease still progress to end-stage kidney disease. Increased oxidative stress is a major molecular underpinning of chronic kidney disease progression. In humans, a common deletion variant of the glutathione-S-transferase μ-1 (GSTM1) gene, the GSTM1 null allele (GSTM1(0)), results in decreased GSTM1 enzymatic activity and is associated with higher levels of oxidative stress. GSTM1 belongs to the superfamily of GSTs that are phase II antioxidant enzymes and are regulated by Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2). Cruciferous vegetables in general, and broccoli in particular, are rich in glucoraphanin, a precursor of sulforaphane that has been shown to have protective effects against oxidative damage through the activation of Nrf2. This review will highlight recent human and animal studies implicating the role of GSTM1 deficiency in hypertension and kidney disease, and its impact on the effects of cruciferous vegetables on kidney injury and disease progression, illustrating the significance of gene and environment interaction and a potential for targeted precision medicine in the treatment of kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thu H Le
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Composition of the Gut Microbiome Influences Production of Sulforaphane-Nitrile and Iberin-Nitrile from Glucosinolates in Broccoli Sprouts. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093013. [PMID: 34578891 PMCID: PMC8468500 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Isothiocyanates, such as sulforaphane and iberin, derived from glucosinolates (GLS) in cruciferous vegetables, are known to prevent and suppress cancer development. GLS can also be converted by bacteria to biologically inert nitriles, such as sulforaphane-nitrile (SFN-NIT) and iberin-nitrile (IBN-NIT), but the role of the gut microbiome in this process is relatively undescribed and SFN-NIT excretion in humans is unknown. An ex vivo fecal incubation model with in vitro digested broccoli sprouts and 16S sequencing was utilized to explore the role of the gut microbiome in SFN- and IBN-NIT production. SFN-NIT excretion was measured among human subjects following broccoli sprout consumption. The fecal culture model showed high inter-individual variability in nitrile production and identified two sub-populations of microbial communities among the fecal cultures, which coincided with a differing abundance of nitriles. The Clostridiaceae family was associated with high levels, while individuals with a low abundance of nitriles were more enriched with taxa from the Enterobacteriaceae family. High levels of inter-individual variation in urine SFN-NIT levels were also observed, with peak excretion of SFN-NIT at 24 h post broccoli sprout consumption. These results suggest that nitrile production from broccoli, as opposed to isothiocyanates, could be influenced by gut microbiome composition, potentially lowering efficacy of cruciferous vegetable interventions.
Collapse
|
25
|
Ngo SNT, Williams DB. Protective Effect of Isothiocyanates from Cruciferous Vegetables on Breast Cancer: Epidemiological and Preclinical Perspectives. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:1413-1430. [PMID: 32972351 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200924104550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of cruciferous vegetable intake on breast cancer survival is controversial at present. Glucosinolates are the naturally occurring constituents found across the cruciferous vegetables. Isothiocyanates are produced from the hydrolysis of glucosinolates and this reaction is catalysed by the plant-derived enzyme myrosinase. The main Isothiocyanates (ITCs) from cruciferous vegetables are sulforaphane, benzyl ITC, and phenethyl ITC, which had been intensively investigated over the last decade for their anti-breast cancer effects. OBJECTIVE The aim of this article is to systematically review the evidence from all types of studies, which examined the protective effect of cruciferous vegetables and/or their isothiocyanate constituents on breast cancer. METHODS A systematic review was conducted in Pubmed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from inception to 27 April 2020. Peer-reviewed studies of all types (in vitro studies, animal studies, and human studies) were selected. RESULTS The systematic literature search identified 16 human studies, 4 animal studies, and 65 in vitro studies. The effect of cruciferous vegetables and/or their ITCs intake on breast cancer survival was found to be controversial and varied greatly across human studies. Most of these trials were observational studies conducted in specific regions, mainly in the US and China. Substantial evidence from in vitro and animal studies was obtained, which strongly supported the protective effect of sulforaphane and other ITCs against breast cancer. Evidence from in vitro studies showed that sulforaphane and other ITCs reduced cancer cell viability and proliferation via multiple mechanisms and pathways. Isothiocyanates inhibited cell cycle, angiogenesis and epithelial mesenchymal transition, as well as induced apoptosis and altered the expression of phase II carcinogen detoxifying enzymes. These are the essential pathways that promote the growth and metastasis of breast cancer. Noticeably, benzyl ITC showed a significant inhibitory effect on breast cancer stem cells, a new dimension of chemo-resistance in breast cancer treatment. Sulforaphane and other ITCs displayed anti-breast cancer effects at variable range of concentrations and benzyl isothiocyanate appeared to have a relatively lower inhibitory concentration IC50. The mechanisms underlying the cancer protective effect of sulforaphane and other ITCs have also been highlighted in this article. CONCLUSION Current preclinical evidence strongly supports the role of sulforaphane and other ITCs as potential therapeutic agents for breast cancer, either as adjunct therapy or combined therapy with current anti-breast cancer drugs, with sulforaphane displaying the greatest potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suong N T Ngo
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5071, Australia
| | - Desmond B Williams
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
In Vitro Effects of Sulforaphane on Interferon-Driven Inflammation and Exploratory Evaluation in Two Healthy Volunteers. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123602. [PMID: 34204601 PMCID: PMC8231268 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferonopathies are rare genetic conditions defined by systemic inflammatory episodes caused by innate immune system activation in the absence of pathogens. Currently, no targeted drugs are authorized for clinical use in these diseases. In this work, we studied the contribution of sulforaphane (SFN), a cruciferous-derived bioactive molecule, in the modulation of interferon-driven inflammation in an immortalized human hepatocytes (IHH) line and in two healthy volunteers, focusing on STING, a key-component player in interferon pathway, interferon signature modulation, and GSTM1 expression and genotype, which contributes to SFN metabolism and excretion. In vitro, SFN exposure reduced STING expression as well as interferon signature in the presence of the pro-inflammatory stimulus cGAMP (cGAMP 3 h vs. SFN+cGAMP 3 h p value < 0.0001; cGAMP 6 h vs. SFN+cGAMP 6 h p < 0.001, one way ANOVA), restoring STING expression to the level of unstimulated cells. In preliminary experiments on healthy volunteers, no appreciable variations in interferon signature were identified after SFN assumption, while only in one of them, presenting the GSTM1 wild type genotype related to reduced SFN excretion, could a downregulation of STING be recorded. This study confirmed that SFN inhibits STING-mediated inflammation and interferon-stimulated genes expression in vitro. However, only a trend towards the downregulation of STING could be reproduced in vivo. Results obtained have to be confirmed in a larger group of healthy individuals and in patients with type I interferonopathies to define if the assumption of SFN could be useful as supportive therapy.
Collapse
|
27
|
Effect of Red Cabbage Sprouts Treating with Organic Acids on the Content of Polyphenols, Antioxidant Properties and Colour Parameters. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11114890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a great deal of consumer interest in consuming vegetables in the form of sprouts, characterized by high nutritional value. The disadvantage of sprouts is the loss of bioactive compounds during storage and the relatively short shelf life, due to the fact that they are a good medium for microorganisms, especially yeasts and molds. The aim of the study was to compare the content of polyphenols, antioxidant properties, color and microbiological quality of red cabbage sprouts preserved by the use of mild organic acids: Citric, ascorbic, lactic, acetic and peracetic. In the study, the content of polyphenols and antioxidant properties of sprouts was examined using the spectrophotometric method, instrumental color measurement was done using an “electronic eye” and the content of mold, yeast and the total number of mesophilic microorganisms was determined using the plate inoculation method. Taking into account the content of polyphenols and the antioxidant potential of sprouts, it was found that the addition of all organic acids contributed to the preservation of the tested compounds during their 14-day storage under refrigerated conditions, depending on the type of organic acid used, from 71 to 86% for polyphenols and from 75 to 96% for antioxidant properties. The best results were obtained by treating the sprouts with peracetic acid and ascorbic acid, respectively, at a concentration of 80 ppm and 1%. The conducted research on the possibility of extending the storage life and preserving the bioactive properties of fresh sprouts showed that the use of peracetic acid in the form of an aqueous solution during pre-treatment allows to reduce the content of microorganisms by one logarithmic order. Ascorbic acid did not reduce the content of microorganisms in the sprout samples tested. Considering the content of bioactive ingredients, as well as the microbiological quality of fresh sprouts, it can be said that there is a great need to use mild organic acids during the pre-treatment of sprouts in order to maintain a high level of health-promoting ingredients during their storage, which may also contribute to their prolongation durability.
Collapse
|
28
|
Fahey JW, Kensler TW. The Challenges of Designing and Implementing Clinical Trials With Broccoli Sprouts… and Turning Evidence Into Public Health Action. Front Nutr 2021; 8:648788. [PMID: 33996874 PMCID: PMC8116591 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.648788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Broccoli sprouts are a convenient and rich source of the glucosinolate glucoraphanin, which can generate the chemopreventive agent sulforaphane through the catalytic actions of plant myrosinase or β-thioglucosidases in the gut microflora. Sulforaphane, in turn, is an inducer of cytoprotective enzymes through activation of Nrf2 signaling, and a potent inhibitor of carcinogenesis in multiple murine models. Sulforaphane is also protective in models of diabetes, neurodegenerative disease, and other inflammatory processes, likely reflecting additional actions of Nrf2 and interactions with other signaling pathways. Translating this efficacy into the design and implementation of clinical chemoprevention trials, especially food-based trials, faces numerous challenges including the selection of the source, placebo, and dose as well as standardization of the formulation of the intervention material. Unlike in animals, purified sulforaphane has had very limited use in clinical studies. We have conducted a series of clinical studies and randomized clinical trials to evaluate the effects of composition (glucoraphanin-rich [± myrosinase] vs. sulforaphane-rich or mixture beverages), formulation (beverage vs. tablet) and dose, on the efficacy of these broccoli sprout-based preparations to evaluate safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamic action, and clinical benefit. While the challenges for the evaluation of broccoli sprouts in clinical trials are themselves formidable, further hurdles must be overcome to bring this science to public health action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jed W. Fahey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Thomas W. Kensler
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ordonez AA, Bullen CK, Villabona-Rueda AF, Thompson EA, Turner ML, Davis SL, Komm O, Powell JD, D'Alessio FR, Yolken RH, Jain SK, Jones-Brando L. Sulforaphane exhibits in vitro and in vivo antiviral activity against pandemic SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal HCoV-OC43 coronaviruses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 33791708 DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.25.437060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has incited a global health crisis. Currently, there are no orally available medications for prophylaxis for those exposed to SARS-CoV-2 and limited therapeutic options for those who develop COVID-19. We evaluated the antiviral activity of sulforaphane (SFN), a naturally occurring, orally available, well-tolerated, nutritional supplement present in high concentrations in cruciferous vegetables with limited side effects. SFN inhibited in vitro replication of four strains of SARS-CoV-2 as well as that of the seasonal coronavirus HCoV-OC43. Further, SFN and remdesivir interacted synergistically to inhibit coronavirus infection in vitro. Prophylactic administration of SFN to K18-hACE2 mice prior to intranasal SARS-CoV-2 infection significantly decreased the viral load in the lungs and upper respiratory tract and reduced lung injury and pulmonary pathology compared to untreated infected mice. SFN treatment diminished immune cell activation in the lungs, including significantly lower recruitment of myeloid cells and a reduction in T cell activation and cytokine production. Our results suggest that SFN is a promising treatment for prevention of coronavirus infection or treatment of early disease.
Collapse
|
30
|
Harris CM, Zamperoni KE, Sernoskie SC, Chow NSM, Massey TE. Effects of in vivo treatment of mice with sulforaphane on repair of DNA pyridyloxylbutylation. Toxicology 2021; 454:152753. [PMID: 33741493 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The phytochemical sulforaphane (SF) has gained interest for its apparent association with reduced cancer risk and other cytoprotective properties, at least some of which are attributed to activation of the transcription factor Nrf2. Repair of bulky DNA adducts is important for mitigating carcinogenesis from exogenous DNA damaging agents, but it is unknown whether in vivo treatment with SF affects adduct repair. At 12 h following a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg SF, an almost doubling in activity for repair of pyridyloxobutylated DNA was observed in CD-1 mouse liver nuclear extracts, but not in lung extracts. This change at 12 h in repair activity was preceded by the induction of Nrf2-regulated genes but not accompanied by changes in levels of the specific nucleotide excision repair (NER) proteins XPC, XPA, XPB and p53 or in binding of hepatic XPC, XPA and XPB to damaged DNA. SF also did not significantly alter histone deacetylase activity as measured by acetylated histone H3 levels, or stimulate formation of γ-H2A.X, a marker of DNA damage. A significant reduction in oxidative DNA damage, as measured by 8-OHdG (a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage), was observed only in DNA from the lungs of SF-treated mice 3 h post-dosing. These results suggest that the ability of SF to increase bulky adduct repair activity is organ-selective and is consistent with activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Harris
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Kristen E Zamperoni
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Samantha C Sernoskie
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Natalie S M Chow
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Thomas E Massey
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Examination of Novel Immunomodulatory Effects of L-Sulforaphane. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020602. [PMID: 33673203 PMCID: PMC7917832 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The dietary isothiocyanate L-sulforaphane (LSF), derived from cruciferous vegetables, is reported to have several beneficial biological properties, including anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. However, there is limited data on how LSF modulates these effects in human immune cells. The present study was designed to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of LSF (10 µM and 50 µM) on peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) populations and cytokine secretion in healthy adult volunteers (n = 14), in the presence or absence of bacterial (lipopolysaccharide) and viral (imiquimod) toll-like receptor (TLRs) stimulations. Here, we found that LSF reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 irrespective of TLR stimulations. This result was associated with LSF significantly reducing the proportion of natural killer (NK) cells and monocytes while increasing the proportions of dendritic cells (DCs), T cells and B cells. We found a novel effect of LSF in relation to reducing cluster of differentiation (CD) 14+ monocytes while simultaneously increasing monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs: lineage-Human Leukocyte Antigen-DR isotype (HLA-DR)+CD11blow-high CD11chigh). LSF was also shown to induce a 3.9-fold increase in the antioxidant response element (ARE) activity in a human monocyte cell line (THP-1). Our results provide important insights into the immunomodulatory effects of LSF, showing in human PBMCs an ability to drive differentiation of monocytes towards an immature monocyte-derived dendritic cell phenotype with potentially important biological functions. These findings provide insights into the potential role of LSF as a novel immunomodulatory drug candidate and supports the need for further preclinical and phase I clinical studies.
Collapse
|
32
|
Liebman SE, Le TH. Eat Your Broccoli: Oxidative Stress, NRF2, and Sulforaphane in Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010266. [PMID: 33477669 PMCID: PMC7831909 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mainstay of therapy for chronic kidney disease is control of blood pressure and proteinuria through the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Is) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) that were introduced more than 20 years ago. Yet, many chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients still progress to end-stage kidney disease—the ultimate in failed prevention. While increased oxidative stress is a major molecular underpinning of CKD progression, no treatment modality specifically targeting oxidative stress has been established clinically. Here, we review the influence of oxidative stress in CKD, and discuss regarding the role of the Nrf2 pathway in kidney disease from studies using genetic and pharmacologic approaches in animal models and clinical trials. We will then focus on the promising therapeutic potential of sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate derived from cruciferous vegetables that has garnered significant attention over the past decade for its potent Nrf2-activating effect, and implications for precision medicine.
Collapse
|
33
|
Dietary isothiocyanates inhibit cancer progression by modulation of epigenome. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 83:353-376. [PMID: 33434642 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell cycle, growth, survival and metabolism are tightly regulated together and failure in cellular regulation leads to carcinogenesis. Several signaling pathways like the PI3K, WNT, MAPK and NFKb pathway exhibit aberrations in cancer and help achieve hallmark capabilities. Clinical research and in vitro studies have highlighted the role of epigenetic alterations in cancer onset and development. Altered gene expression patterns enabled by changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications and RNA processing have proven roles in cancer hallmark acquisition. The reversible nature of epigenetic processes offers robust therapeutic targets. Dietary bioactive compounds offer a vast compendium of effective therapeutic moieties. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) sourced from cruciferous vegetables demonstrate anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-migratory and anti-angiogenic effect against several cancers. ITCs also modulate the redox environment, modulate signaling pathways including PI3K, MAPK, WNT, and NFkB. They also modulate the epigenetic machinery by regulating the expression and activity of DNA methyltransferases, histone modifiers and miRNA. This further enhances their transcriptional modulation of key cellular regulators. In this review, we comprehensively assess the impact of ITCs such as sulforaphane, phenethyl isothiocyanate, benzyl isothiocyanate and allyl isothiocyanate on cancer and document their effect on various molecular targets. Overall, this will facilitate consolidation of the current understanding of the anti-cancer and epigenetic modulatory potential of these compounds and recognize the gaps in literature. Further, we discuss avenues of future research to develop these compounds as potential therapeutic entities.
Collapse
|
34
|
Damiani E, Duran MN, Mohan N, Rajendran P, Dashwood RH. Targeting Epigenetic 'Readers' with Natural Compounds for Cancer Interception. J Cancer Prev 2020; 25:189-203. [PMID: 33409252 PMCID: PMC7783241 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2020.25.4.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds from diverse sources, including botanicals and commonly consumed foods and beverages, exert beneficial health effects via mechanisms that impact the epigenome and gene expression during disease pathogenesis. By targeting the so-called epigenetic 'readers', 'writers', and 'erasers', dietary phytochemicals can reverse abnormal epigenome signatures in cancer cells and preneoplastic stages. Thus, such agents provide avenues for cancer interception via prevention or treatment/therapeutic strategies. To date, much of the focus on dietary agents has been directed towards writers (e.g., histone acetyltransferases) and erasers (e.g., histone deacetylases), with less attention given to epigenetic readers (e.g., BRD proteins). The drug JQ1 was developed as a prototype epigenetic reader inhibitor, selectively targeting members of the bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) family, such as BRD4. Clinical trials with JQ1 as a single agent, or in combination with standard of care therapy, revealed antitumor efficacy but not without toxicity or resistance. In pursuit of second-generation epigenetic reader inhibitors, attention has shifted to natural sources, including dietary agents that might be repurposed as 'JQ1-like' bioactives. This review summarizes the current status of nascent research activity focused on natural compounds as inhibitors of BET and other epigenetic 'reader' proteins, with a perspective on future directions and opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Damiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of the Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Munevver N. Duran
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health Science Center, TX, USA
| | - Nivedhitha Mohan
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health Science Center, TX, USA
| | - Praveen Rajendran
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health Science Center, TX, USA
| | - Roderick H. Dashwood
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health Science Center, TX, USA
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Cardozo LFMF, Alvarenga LA, Ribeiro M, Dai L, Shiels PG, Stenvinkel P, Lindholm B, Mafra D. Cruciferous vegetables: rationale for exploring potential salutary effects of sulforaphane-rich foods in patients with chronic kidney disease. Nutr Rev 2020; 79:1204-1224. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is a sulfur-containing isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae) and a well-known activator of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), considered a master regulator of cellular antioxidant responses. Patients with chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) present with high levels of oxidative stress and a massive inflammatory burden associated with diminished Nrf2 and elevated nuclear transcription factor-κB-κB expression. Because it is a common constituent of dietary vegetables, the salutogenic properties of sulforaphane, especially it’s antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, have been explored as a nutritional intervention in a range of diseases of ageing, though data on CKD remain scarce. In this brief review, the effects of SFN as a senotherapeutic agent are described and a rationale is provided for studies that aim to explore the potential benefits of SFN-rich foods in patients with CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila F M F Cardozo
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Livia A Alvarenga
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lu Dai
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul G Shiels
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Lindholm
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lv X, Wang Q, Wang X, Zheng X, Fan D, Espinoza‐Pinochet CA, Cespedes‐Acuña CL. Selection and microencapsulation of myrosinase enzyme from broccoli sprouts of different varieties and characteristics evaluation. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingang Lv
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University Xi'an PR China
| | - Qilei Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University Xi'an PR China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University Xi'an PR China
| | - Xiaohua Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University Xi'an PR China
| | - Daidi Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University Xi'an PR China
| | | | - Carlos L. Cespedes‐Acuña
- Chemistry and Biotechnology of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Basic Sciences Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bio Bio Chillan Chile
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rutz J, Thaler S, Maxeiner S, Chun FKH, Blaheta RA. Sulforaphane Reduces Prostate Cancer Cell Growth and Proliferation In Vitro by Modulating the Cdk-Cyclin Axis and Expression of the CD44 Variants 4, 5, and 7. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228724. [PMID: 33218199 PMCID: PMC7699211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer patients whose tumors develop resistance to conventional treatment often turn to natural, plant-derived products, one of which is sulforaphane (SFN). This study was designed to determine whether anti-tumor properties of SFN, identified in other tumor entities, are also evident in cultivated DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells. The cells were incubated with SFN (1–20 µM) and tumor cell growth and proliferative activity were evaluated. Having found a considerable anti-growth, anti-proliferative, and anti-clonogenic influence of SFN on both prostate cancer cell lines, further investigation into possible mechanisms of action were performed by evaluating the cell cycle phases and cell-cycle-regulating proteins. SFN induced a cell cycle arrest at the S- and G2/M-phase in both DU145 and PC3 cells. Elevation of histone H3 and H4 acetylation was also evident in both cell lines following SFN exposure. However, alterations occurring in the Cdk-cyclin axis, modification of the p19 and p27 proteins and changes in CD44v4, v5, and v7 expression because of SFN exposure differed in the two cell lines. SFN, therefore, does exert anti-tumor properties on these two prostate cancer cell lines by histone acetylation and altering the intracellular signaling cascade, but not through the same molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
|
38
|
Nandini DB, Rao RS, Deepak BS, Reddy PB. Sulforaphane in broccoli: The green chemoprevention!! Role in cancer prevention and therapy. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2020; 24:405. [PMID: 33456268 PMCID: PMC7802872 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_126_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Isothicyanates present in cruciferous vegetables are known to exhibit chemoprevention by various mechanisms. Presently, there is growing evidence that a phytochemical compound known as sulforaphane in these green leafy vegetables is found to be effective in preventing and treating various cancers such as prostate cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, skin, urinary bladder and oral cancers. This component is naturally present in the broccoli sprouts, kale, cabbage, cauliflower and garden cress and is available as a commercial supplementary pill called Broccoli extract. Availability of many bioactive substances such as vitamins, polyphenols, sulfides, glucosinolates and antioxidants makes broccoli consumption important in daily diet regularly. Researchers have named it as "Green chemoprevention." It is easily affordable and more cost-effective than the traditional chemopreventive drugs. Results from the epidemiological and experimental studies have emphasized the role of sulforophane as a complementary or alternative chemopreventive agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D B Nandini
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dental College, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Roopa S Rao
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, M. S. Ramaiah Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - B S Deepak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental College, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Praveen B Reddy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental College, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Esteve M. Mechanisms Underlying Biological Effects of Cruciferous Glucosinolate-Derived Isothiocyanates/Indoles: A Focus on Metabolic Syndrome. Front Nutr 2020; 7:111. [PMID: 32984393 PMCID: PMC7492599 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An inverse correlation between vegetable consumption and the incidence of cancer has long been described. This protective effect is stronger when cruciferous vegetables are specifically consumed. The beneficial properties of vegetables are attributed to their bioactive components like fiber, antioxidants vitamins, antioxidants, minerals, and phenolic compounds. Cruciferous vegetables contain all these molecules; however, what makes them different are their sulfurous components, called glucosinolates, responsible for their special smell and taste. Glucosinolates are inactive biologically in the organism but are hydrolyzed by the enzyme myrosinase released as a result of chewing, leading to the formation of active derivatives such as isothiocyanates and indoles. A considerable number of in vitro and in vivo studies have reported that isothiocyanates and indoles elicit chemopreventive potency through multiple mechanisms that include modulation of phases I and II detoxification pathway enzymes, regulation of cell cycle arrest, and control of cell growth, induction of apoptosis, antioxidant activity, anti-angiogenic effects, and epigenetic regulation. Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) are key and central regulators in all these processes with a main role in oxidative stress and inflammation control. It has been described that isothiocyanates and indoles regulate their activity directly and indirectly. Today, the metabolic syndrome (central obesity, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension) is responsible for a majority of deaths worldwide. All components of metabolic syndrome are characterized by chronic inflammation with deregulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR, MAPK/EKR/JNK, Nrf2, and NF-κB signaling pathways. The effects of GLSs derivatives controlling these pathways have been widely described in relation to cancer. Changes in food consumption patterns observed in the last decades to higher consumption of ultra-processed foods, with elevation in simple sugar and saturated fat contents and lower consumption of vegetables and fruits have been directly correlated with metabolic syndrome prevalence. In this review, it is summarized the knowledge regarding the mechanisms by which cruciferous glucosinolate derivatives (isothiocyanates and indoles) directly and indirectly regulate these pathways. However, the review places a special focus on the knowledge of the effects of glucosinolates derivatives in metabolic syndrome, since this has not been reviewed before.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Esteve
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Maina S, Misinzo G, Bakari G, Kim HY. Human, Animal and Plant Health Benefits of Glucosinolates and Strategies for Enhanced Bioactivity: A Systematic Review. Molecules 2020; 25:E3682. [PMID: 32806771 PMCID: PMC7464879 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSs) are common anionic plant secondary metabolites in the order Brassicales. Together with glucosinolate hydrolysis products (GSHPs), they have recently gained much attention due to their biological activities and mechanisms of action. We review herein the health benefits of GSs/GSHPs, approaches to improve the plant contents, their bioavailability and bioactivity. In this review, only literature published between 2010 and March 2020 was retrieved from various scientific databases. Findings indicate that these compounds (natural, pure, synthetic, and derivatives) play an important role in human/animal health (disease therapy and prevention), plant health (defense chemicals, biofumigants/biocides), and food industries (preservatives). Overall, much interest is focused on in vitro studies as anti-cancer and antimicrobial agents. GS/GSHP levels improvement in plants utilizes mostly biotic/abiotic stresses and short periods of phytohormone application. Their availability and bioactivity are directly proportional to their contents at the source, which is affected by methods of food preparation, processing, and extraction. This review concludes that, to a greater extent, there is a need to explore and improve GS-rich sources, which should be emphasized to obtain natural bioactive compounds/active ingredients that can be included among synthetic and commercial products for use in maintaining and promoting health. Furthermore, the development of advanced research on compounds pharmacokinetics, their molecular mode of action, genetics based on biosynthesis, their uses in promoting the health of living organisms is highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Maina
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon 25451, Korea;
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 25523, Tanzania; (G.M.); (G.B.)
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 25523, Tanzania
| | - Gerald Misinzo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 25523, Tanzania; (G.M.); (G.B.)
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 25523, Tanzania
| | - Gaymary Bakari
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 25523, Tanzania; (G.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Ho-Youn Kim
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon 25451, Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yagishita Y, Gatbonton-Schwager TN, McCallum ML, Kensler TW. Current Landscape of NRF2 Biomarkers in Clinical Trials. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080716. [PMID: 32784785 PMCID: PMC7464243 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2; encoded by NFE2L2) plays a critical role in the maintenance of cellular redox and metabolic homeostasis, as well as the regulation of inflammation and cellular detoxication pathways. The contribution of the NRF2 pathway to organismal homeostasis is seen in many studies using cell lines and animal models, raising intense attention towards targeting its clinical promise. Over the last three decades, an expanding number of clinical studies have examined NRF2 inducers targeting an ever-widening range of diseases. Full understanding of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of drug candidates rely partly on the identification, validation, and use of biomarkers to optimize clinical applications. This review focuses on results from clinical trials with four agents known to target NRF2 signaling in preclinical studies (dimethyl fumarate, bardoxolone methyl, oltipraz, and sulforaphane), and evaluates the successes and limitations of biomarkers focused on expression of NRF2 target genes and others, inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers, carcinogen metabolism and adduct biomarkers in unavoidably exposed populations, and targeted and untargeted metabolomics. While no biomarkers excel at defining pharmacodynamic actions in this setting, it is clear that these four lead clinical compounds do touch the NRF2 pathway in humans.
Collapse
|
42
|
Le TN, Chiu CH, Hsieh PC. Bioactive Compounds and Bioactivities of Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica Sprouts and Microgreens: An Updated Overview from a Nutraceutical Perspective. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9080946. [PMID: 32727144 PMCID: PMC7465980 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sprouts and microgreens, the edible seedlings of vegetables and herbs, have received increasing attention in recent years and are considered as functional foods or superfoods owing to their valuable health-promoting properties. In particular, the seedlings of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica) have been highly prized for their substantial amount of bioactive constituents, including glucosinolates, phenolic compounds, vitamins, and essential minerals. These secondary metabolites are positively associated with potential health benefits. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that broccoli seedlings possess various biological properties, including antioxidant, anticancer, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and antidiabetic activities. The present review summarizes the updated knowledge about bioactive compounds and bioactivities of these broccoli products and discusses the relevant mechanisms of action. This review will serve as a potential reference for food selections of consumers and applications in functional food and nutraceutical industries.
Collapse
|
43
|
Ruhee RT, Suzuki K. The Integrative Role of Sulforaphane in Preventing Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Fatigue: A Review of a Potential Protective Phytochemical. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060521. [PMID: 32545803 PMCID: PMC7346151 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cruciferous vegetables hold a myriad of bioactive molecules that are renowned for possessing unique medicinal benefits. Sulforaphane (SFN) is one of the potential nutraceuticals contained within cruciferous vegetables that is useful for improving health and diseased conditions. The objective of this review is to discuss the mechanistic role for SFN in preventing oxidative stress, fatigue, and inflammation. Direct and indirect research evidence is reported to identify the nontoxic dose of SFN for human trials, and effectiveness of SFN to attenuate inflammation and/or oxidative stress. SFN treatment modulates redox balance via activating redox regulator nuclear factor E2 factor-related factor (Nrf2). SFN may play a crucial role in altering the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway (an intricate response to many stimuli or stress), which induces Nrf2 target gene activation to reduce oxidative stress. In addition, SFN reduces inflammation by suppressing centrally involved inflammatory regulator nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), which in turn downregulates the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators. Exercise may induce a significant range of fatigue, inflammation, oxidative stress, and/or organ damage due to producing excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokines. SFN may play an effective role in preventing such damage via inducing phase 2 enzymes, activating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway or suppressing nuclear translocation of NF-κB. In this review, we summarize the integrative role of SFN in preventing fatigue, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and briefly introduce the history of cruciferous vegetables and the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of SFN reported in previous research. To date, very limited research has been conducted on SFN’s effectiveness in improving exercise endurance or performance. Therefore, more research needs to be carried out to determine the effectiveness of SFN in the field of exercise and lifestyle factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruheea Taskin Ruhee
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan;
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-4-2947-6898
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kitakaze T, Yuan S, Inoue M, Yoshioka Y, Yamashita Y, Ashida H. 6-(Methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate protects acetaldehyde-caused cytotoxicity through the induction of aldehyde dehydrogenase in hepatocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 686:108329. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
45
|
Kuran D, Pogorzelska A, Wiktorska K. Breast Cancer Prevention-Is there a Future for Sulforaphane and Its Analogs? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061559. [PMID: 32471217 PMCID: PMC7352481 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer among women worldwide. There are several recommended methods of breast cancer prevention, including chemoprevention. There are several approved drugs used to prevent breast cancer occurrence or recurrence and metastasizing. There are also a number of new substances undergoing clinical trials and at the stage of initial study. Studies suggest that dietary factors play a crucial role in breast cancer etiology. Epidemiological studies indicate that in particular vegetables from the Brassicaceae family are a rich source of chemopreventive substances, with sulforaphane (SFN) being one of the most widely studied and characterized. This review discusses potential applicability of SFN in breast cancer chemoprevention. A comprehensive review of the literature on the impact of SFN on molecular signalling pathways in breast cancer and breast untransformed cells is presented. The presented results of in vitro and in vivo studies show that this molecule has a potential to act as a preventive molecule either to prevent disease development or recurrence and metastasizing, and as a compound protecting normal cells against the toxic effects of cytostatics. Finally, the still scanty attempts to develop an improved analog are also presented and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Kuran
- Department of Pharmacology, National Medicines Institute, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Pogorzelska
- Department of Drug Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, National Medicines Institute, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Wiktorska
- Department of Drug Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, National Medicines Institute, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland;
- OncoBoost Ltd., 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Quirante-Moya S, García-Ibañez P, Quirante-Moya F, Villaño D, Moreno DA. The Role of Brassica Bioactives on Human Health: Are We Studying It the Right Way? Molecules 2020; 25:E1591. [PMID: 32235638 PMCID: PMC7180841 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassica vegetables and their components, the glucosinolates, have been suggested as good candidates as dietary coadjutants to improve health in non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Different preclinical and clinical studies have been performed in the last decade; however, some concerns have been posed on the lack of established and standardized protocols. The different concentration of bioactive compounds used, time of intervention or sample size, and the lack of blinding are some factors that may influence the studies' outcomes. This review aims to analyze the critical points of the studies performed with Brassica-related biomolecules and propose some bases for future trials in order to avoid biases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarai Quirante-Moya
- Centro de Salud Callosa del Segura, Paseo Enrique Tierno Galvan, 19, E-03360 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Paula García-Ibañez
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Plant Nutrition. Aquaporins Group, Campus Universitario de Espinardo-25, E-30100 Murcia, Spain; (P.G.-I.); (F.Q.-M.)
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Food Science and Technology, Phytochemistry and Healthy Foods Lab, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Campus de Espinardo-25, E-30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Quirante-Moya
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Plant Nutrition. Aquaporins Group, Campus Universitario de Espinardo-25, E-30100 Murcia, Spain; (P.G.-I.); (F.Q.-M.)
| | - Débora Villaño
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Universidad Católica de San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos, E-30107 Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain;
| | - Diego A. Moreno
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Food Science and Technology, Phytochemistry and Healthy Foods Lab, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Campus de Espinardo-25, E-30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ramirez D, Abellán-Victorio A, Beretta V, Camargo A, Moreno DA. Functional Ingredients From Brassicaceae Species: Overview and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1998. [PMID: 32183429 PMCID: PMC7139885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassicaceae vegetables are important crops consumed worldwide due to their unique flavor, and for their broadly recognized functional properties, which are directly related to their phytochemical composition. Isothiocyanates (ITC) are the most characteristic compounds, considered responsible for their pungent taste. Besides ITC, these vegetables are also rich in carotenoids, phenolics, minerals, and vitamins. Consequently, Brassica's phytochemical profile makes them an ideal natural source for improving the nutritional quality of manufactured foods. In this sense, the inclusion of functional ingredients into food matrices are of growing interest. In the present work, Brassicaceae ingredients, functionality, and future perspectives are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ramirez
- Laboratorio de Cromatografía para Agroalimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, UNCuyo, Mendoza 54 261, Argentina; (D.R.); (V.B.); (A.C.)
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza, CONICET Mendoza 54 261, Argentina
| | - Angel Abellán-Victorio
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Foods Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Spanish National Research Council for Scientific Research (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia 30100, Spain;
| | - Vanesa Beretta
- Laboratorio de Cromatografía para Agroalimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, UNCuyo, Mendoza 54 261, Argentina; (D.R.); (V.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Alejandra Camargo
- Laboratorio de Cromatografía para Agroalimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, UNCuyo, Mendoza 54 261, Argentina; (D.R.); (V.B.); (A.C.)
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza, CONICET Mendoza 54 261, Argentina
| | - Diego A. Moreno
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Foods Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Spanish National Research Council for Scientific Research (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia 30100, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Measuring Sulforaphane and Its Metabolites in Human Plasma: A High Throughput Method. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040829. [PMID: 32070059 PMCID: PMC7070302 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: There is increasing understanding of the potential health benefits of cruciferous vegetables. In particular sulforaphane (SFN), found in broccoli, and its metabolites sulforaphane-glutathione (SFN-GSH), sulforaphane-cysteine (SFN-Cys), sulforaphane cysteine-glycine (SFN-CG) and sulforaphane-N-acetyl-cysteine (SFN-NAC) have potent antioxidant effects that may offer therapeutic value. Clinical investigation of sulforaphane as a therapeutic antioxidant requires a sensitive and high throughput process for quantification of sulforaphane and metabolites; (2) Methods: We collected plasma samples from healthy human volunteers before and for eight hours after consumption of a commercial broccoli extract supplement rich in sulforaphane. A rapid and sensitive method for quantification of sulforaphane and its metabolites in human plasma using Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS) has been developed; (3) Results: The LC–MS analytical method was validated at concentrations ranging between 3.9 nM and 1000 nM for SFN-GSH, SFN-CG, SFN-Cys and SFN-NAC and between 7.8 nM and 1000 nM in human plasma for SFN. The method displayed good accuracy (1.85%–14.8% bias) and reproducibility (below 9.53 %RSD) including low concentrations 3.9 nM and 7.8 nM. Four SFN metabolites quantitation was achieved using external standard calibration and in SFN quantitation, SFN-d8 internal standardization was used. The reported method can accurately quantify sulforaphane and its metabolites at low concentrations in plasma; (4) Conclusions: We have established a time- and cost-efficient method of measuring sulforaphane and its metabolites in human plasma suitable for high throughput application to clinical trials.
Collapse
|
49
|
Mastuo T, Miyata Y, Yuno T, Mukae Y, Otsubo A, Mitsunari K, Ohba K, Sakai H. Molecular Mechanisms of the Anti-Cancer Effects of Isothiocyanates from Cruciferous Vegetables in Bladder Cancer. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030575. [PMID: 32013065 PMCID: PMC7037050 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a representative of urological cancer with a high recurrence and metastasis potential. Currently, cisplatin-based chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors are used as standard therapy in patients with advanced/metastatic BC. However, these therapies often show severe adverse events, and prolongation of survival is unsatisfactory. Therefore, a treatment strategy using natural compounds is of great interest. In this review, we focused on the anti-cancer effects of isothiocyanates (ITCs) derived from cruciferous vegetables, which are widely cultivated and consumed in many regions worldwide. Specifically, we discuss the anti-cancer effects of four ITC compounds—allyl isothiocyanate, benzyl isothiocyanate, sulforaphane, and phenethyl isothiocyanate—in BC; the molecular mechanisms underlying their anti-cancer effects; current trends and future direction of ITC-based treatment strategies; and the carcinogenic potential of ITCs. We also discuss the advantages and limitations of each ITC in BC treatment, furthering the consideration of ITCs in treatment strategies and for improving the prognosis of patients with BC.
Collapse
|
50
|
Saez D, Dushime R, Wu H, Ramos Cordova LB, Shukla K, Brown-Harding H, Furdui CM, Tsang AW. Sulforaphane promotes chlamydial infection by suppressing mitochondrial protein oxidation and activation of complement C3. Protein Sci 2020; 28:216-227. [PMID: 30367535 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), a phytochemical found in broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables, is a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent with reported effects in cancer chemoprevention and suppression of infection with intracellular pathogens. Here we report on the impact of SFN on infection with Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct), a common sexually transmitted pathogen responsible for 131 million new cases annually worldwide. Astoundingly, we find that SFN as well as broccoli sprouts extract (BSE) promote Ct infection of human host cells. Both the number and size of Ct inclusions were increased when host cells were pretreated with SFN or BSE. The initial investigations presented here point to both the antioxidant and thiol alkylating properties of SFN as regulators of Ct infection. SFN decreased mitochondrial protein sulfenylation and promoted Ct development, which were both reversed by treatment with mitochondria-targeted paraquat (MitoPQ). Inhibition of the complement component 3 (complement C3) by SFN was also identified as a mechanism by which SFN promotes Ct infections. Mass spectrometry analysis found alkylation of cysteine 1010 (Cys1010) in complement C3 by SFN. The studies reported here raise awareness of the Ct infection promoting activity of SFN, and also identify potential mechanisms underlying this activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Saez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, 27157, North Carolina
| | - Rosine Dushime
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, 27157, North Carolina
| | - Hanzhi Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, 27157, North Carolina
| | - Lourdes B Ramos Cordova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, 27157, North Carolina
| | - Kirtikar Shukla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, 27157, North Carolina
| | | | - Cristina M Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, 27157, North Carolina
| | - Allen W Tsang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, 27157, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|