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Laveriano-Santos EP, Luque-Corredera C, Trius-Soler M, Lozano-Castellón J, Dominguez-López I, Castro-Barquero S, Vallverdú-Queralt A, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Pérez M. Enterolignans: from natural origins to cardiometabolic significance, including chemistry, dietary sources, bioavailability, and activity. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38952149 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2371939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The enterolignans, enterolactone and enterodiol, the main metabolites produced from plant lignans by the gut microbiota, have enhanced bioavailability and activity compared to their precursors, with beneficial effects on metabolic and cardiovascular health. Although extensively studied, the biosynthesis, cardiometabolic effects, and other therapeutic implications of mammalian lignans are still incompletely understood. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of these phytoestrogen metabolites based on up-to-date information reported in studies from a wide range of disciplines. Established and novel synthetic strategies are described, as are the various lignan precursors, their dietary sources, and a proposed metabolic pathway for their conversion to enterolignans. The methodologies used for enterolignan analysis and the available data on pharmacokinetics and bioavailability are summarized and their cardiometabolic bioactivity is explored in detail. The special focus given to research on the health benefits of microbial-derived lignan metabolites underscores the critical role of lignan-rich diets in promoting cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily P Laveriano-Santos
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Polyphenol Research Group, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marta Trius-Soler
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Polyphenol Research Group, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julian Lozano-Castellón
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Polyphenol Research Group, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Dominguez-López
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Polyphenol Research Group, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Castro-Barquero
- INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- BCNatal|Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Vallverdú-Queralt
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Polyphenol Research Group, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M Lamuela-Raventós
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Polyphenol Research Group, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Pérez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Polyphenol Research Group, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Hu J, Mesnage R, Tuohy K, Heiss C, Rodriguez-Mateos A. (Poly)phenol-related gut metabotypes and human health: an update. Food Funct 2024; 15:2814-2835. [PMID: 38414364 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04338j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Dietary (poly)phenols have received great interest due to their potential role in the prevention and management of non-communicable diseases. In recent years, a high inter-individual variability in the biological response to (poly)phenols has been demonstrated, which could be related to the high variability in (poly)phenol gut microbial metabolism existing within individuals. An interplay between (poly)phenols and the gut microbiota exists, with (poly)phenols being metabolised by the gut microbiota and their metabolites modulating gut microbiota diversity and composition. A number of (poly)phenol metabolising phenotypes or metabotypes have been proposed, however, potential metabotypes for most (poly)phenols have not been investigated, and the relationship between metabotypes and human health remains ambiguous. This review presents updated knowledge on the reciprocal interaction between (poly)phenols and the gut microbiome, associated gut metabotypes, and subsequent impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Hu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Robin Mesnage
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
- Buchinger Wilhelmi Clinic, Überlingen, Germany
| | - Kieran Tuohy
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Christian Heiss
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Mateos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
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Rodriguez-Mateos A, Le Sayec M, Cheok A. Dietary (poly)phenols and cardiometabolic health: from antioxidants to modulators of the gut microbiota. Proc Nutr Soc 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38316606 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665124000156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
(Poly)phenols are plant secondary metabolites widely abundant in plant foods and beverages comprising a very large number of compounds with diverse structure and biological activities. Accumulating evidence indicates that these compounds exert beneficial effects against cardiometabolic diseases, and this review will provide a summary of current knowledge in this area. Epidemiological and clinical data collectively suggest that intake of flavonoids reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), with the evidence being particularly strong for the flavan-3-ol subclass. However, to provide adequate dietary recommendations, a better understanding of their estimated content in foods and intake among the general public is needed. Regarding mechanisms of action, we now know that it is unlikely that (poly)phenols act as direct antioxidants in vivo, as it was hypothesised for decades with the popularity of in vitro antioxidant capacity assays. One of the reasons is that upon ingestion, (poly)phenols are extensively metabolised into a wide array of circulating metabolites with different bioactivities than their precursors. Well-conducted in vitro and in vivo studies and human nutrigenomic analysis have revealed new molecular targets that may be underlying the health benefits of (poly)phenols, such as the nitric oxide pathway. Recently, a bi-directional relationship was established between (poly)phenols and the gut microbiota, suggesting that individual gut microbial metabolising capacity may be a key factor explaining the variability in the cardiometabolic response to (poly)phenols. Future research is needed to elucidate which are the key factors affecting such capacity, and whether it can be modulated, along with the mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rodriguez-Mateos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Melanie Le Sayec
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alex Cheok
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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Speckmann B, Ehring E, Hu J, Rodriguez Mateos A. Exploring substrate-microbe interactions: a metabiotic approach toward developing targeted synbiotic compositions. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2305716. [PMID: 38300741 PMCID: PMC10841028 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2305716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is an important modulator of human health and contributes to high inter-individual variation in response to food and pharmaceutical ingredients. The clinical outcomes of interventions with prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics have been mixed and often unpredictable, arguing for novel approaches for developing microbiome-targeted therapeutics. Here, we review how the gut microbiota determines the fate of and individual responses to dietary and xenobiotic compounds via its immense metabolic potential. We highlight that microbial metabolites play a crucial role as targetable mediators in the microbiota-host health relationship. With this in mind, we expand the concept of synbiotics beyond prebiotics' role in facilitating growth and engraftment of probiotics, by focusing on microbial metabolism as a vital mode of action thereof. Consequently, we discuss synbiotic compositions that enable the guided metabolism of dietary or co-formulated ingredients by specific microbes leading to target molecules with beneficial functions. A workflow to develop novel synbiotics is presented, including the selection of promising target metabolites (e.g. equol, urolithin A, spermidine, indole-3 derivatives), identification of suitable substrates and producer strains applying bioinformatic tools, gut models, and eventually human trials.In conclusion, we propose that discovering and enabling specific substrate-microbe interactions is a valuable strategy to rationally design synbiotics that could establish a new category of hybrid nutra-/pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiaying Hu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ana Rodriguez Mateos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
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Eduardo Iglesias-Aguirre C, Romo-Vaquero M, Victoria Selma M, Carlos Espín J. Unveiling metabotype clustering in resveratrol, daidzein, and ellagic acid metabolism: Prevalence, associated gut microbiomes, and their distinctive microbial networks. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113470. [PMID: 37803793 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM) produces different polyphenol-derived metabolites, yielding high interindividual variability and hampering consistent health effects. GM metabotypes associated with ellagic acid (urolithin metabotypes A (UMA), B (UMB), and 0 (UM0)), resveratrol (lunularin -producers (LP) and non-producers (LNP)), and daidzein (equol-producers (EP) and non-producers (ENP)) are known. However, individual polyphenol-related metabotypes do not occur individually. In contrast, different combinations coexist (i.e., metabotype clusters, MCs). We report here for the first time these MCs, their distribution, and their associated GM in adult humans (n = 127) after consuming for 7 days a nutraceutical (pomegranate, Polygonum cuspidatum, and red clover extracts) containing ellagitannins + ellagic acid, resveratrol, and isoflavones. Urine metabolites (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) and fecal microbiota (16S rRNA sequencing) were analyzed. Ten MCs were identified: LP + UMB + ENP (22.7%), LP + UMA + ENP (21.3%), LP + UMA + EP (16.7%), LP + UMB + EP (16%), LNP + UMA + ENP (11.3%), LNP + UMB + ENP (5.3%), LNP + UMA + EP (3.3%), LNP + UMB + EP (2%), LNP + UM0 + EP (0.7%), and LNP + UM0 + ENP (0.7%). Sex, BMI, and age did not affect the distribution of metabotypes or MCs. Multivariate analysis (MaAslin2) revealed genera differentially present in individual metabotypes and MCs. Network analysis (MENA) showed the taxa acting as module hubs and connectors. Compositional and functional profiling, alpha and beta diversities, topological network features, and GM modulation by the nutraceutical differed depending on whether the entire cohort or each MC was considered. The nutraceutical did not change the composition of LP + UMA + EP (the most robust GM with the most associated functions) but increased its network connectors. This pioneering approach, joining GM's compositional, functional, and network features in polyphenol metabolism, paves the way for identifying personalized GM-targeted strategies to improve polyphenol health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Iglesias-Aguirre
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Romo-Vaquero
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Victoria Selma
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
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Szukiewicz D. Insight into the Potential Mechanisms of Endocrine Disruption by Dietary Phytoestrogens in the Context of the Etiopathogenesis of Endometriosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12195. [PMID: 37569571 PMCID: PMC10418522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens (PEs) are estrogen-like nonsteroidal compounds derived from plants (e.g., nuts, seeds, fruits, and vegetables) and fungi that are structurally similar to 17β-estradiol. PEs bind to all types of estrogen receptors, including ERα and ERβ receptors, nuclear receptors, and a membrane-bound estrogen receptor known as the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). As endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with pro- or antiestrogenic properties, PEs can potentially disrupt the hormonal regulation of homeostasis, resulting in developmental and reproductive abnormalities. However, a lack of PEs in the diet does not result in the development of deficiency symptoms. To properly assess the benefits and risks associated with the use of a PE-rich diet, it is necessary to distinguish between endocrine disruption (endocrine-mediated adverse effects) and nonspecific effects on the endocrine system. Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease of unknown etiopathogenesis, in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (the endometrium) grows outside of the uterus with subsequent complications being manifested as a result of local inflammatory reactions. Endometriosis affects 10-15% of women of reproductive age and is associated with chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and infertility. In this review, the endocrine-disruptive actions of PEs are reviewed in the context of endometriosis to determine whether a PE-rich diet has a positive or negative effect on the risk and course of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology & Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Langa S, Peirotén Á, Curiel JA, de la Bastida AR, Landete JM. Isoflavone Metabolism by Lactic Acid Bacteria and Its Application in the Development of Fermented Soy Food with Beneficial Effects on Human Health. Foods 2023; 12:1293. [PMID: 36981219 PMCID: PMC10048179 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoflavones are phenolic compounds (considered as phytoestrogens) with estrogenic and antioxidant function, which are highly beneficial for human health, especially in the aged population. However, isoflavones in foods are not bioavailable and, therefore, have low biological activity. Additionally, their transformation into bioactive compounds by microorganisms is necessary to obtain bioavailable isoflavones with beneficial effects on human health. Many lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can transform the methylated and glycosylated forms of isoflavones naturally present in foods into more bioavailable aglycones, such as daidzein, genistein and glycitein. In addition, certain LAB strains are capable of transforming isoflavone aglycones into compounds with a greater biological activity, such as dihydrodaidzein (DHD), O-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA), dihydrogenistein (DHG) and 6-hydroxy-O-desmethylangolensin (6-OH-O-DMA). Moreover, Lactococcus garviae 20-92 is able to produce equol. Another strategy in the bioconversion of isoflavones is the heterologous expression of genes from Slackia isoflavoniconvertens DSM22006, which have allowed the production of DHD, DHG, equol and 5-hydroxy-equol in high concentrations by engineered LAB strains. Accordingly, the consequences of isoflavone metabolism by LAB and its application in the development of foods enriched in bioactive isoflavones, as well as health benefits attributed to their consumption, will be addressed in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - José María Landete
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Pejčić T, Zeković M, Bumbaširević U, Kalaba M, Vovk I, Bensa M, Popović L, Tešić Ž. The Role of Isoflavones in the Prevention of Breast Cancer and Prostate Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020368. [PMID: 36829927 PMCID: PMC9952119 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This narrative review summarizes epidemiological studies on breast cancer and prostate cancer with an overview of their global incidence distribution to investigate the relationship between these diseases and diet. The biological properties, mechanisms of action, and available data supporting the potential role of isoflavones in the prevention of breast cancer and prostate cancer are discussed. Studies evaluating the effects of isoflavones in tissue cultures of normal and malignant breast and prostate cells, as well as the current body of research regarding the effects of isoflavones attained through multiple modifications of cellular molecular signaling pathways and control of oxidative stress, are summarized. Furthermore, this review compiles literature sources reporting on the following: (1) levels of estrogen in breast and prostate tissue; (2) levels of isoflavones in the normal and malignant tissue of these organs in European and Asian populations; (3) average concentrations of isoflavones in the secretion of these organs (milk and semen). Finally, particular emphasis is placed on studies investigating the effect of isoflavones on tissues via estrogen receptors (ER).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Pejčić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: (T.P.); (I.V.)
| | - Milica Zeković
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Tadeusa Koscuska 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Uroš Bumbaširević
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Kalaba
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irena Vovk
- Laboratory for Food Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: (T.P.); (I.V.)
| | - Maja Bensa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lazar Popović
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Put Doktora Goldmana 4, 21204 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Živoslav Tešić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
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Zhang B, Zhang Y, Liu X, Zhao C, Yin J, Li X, Zhang X, Wang J, Wang S. Distinctive anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol, dihydroresveratrol, and 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid on DSS-induced colitis in pseudo-germ-free mice. Food Chem 2023; 400:133904. [PMID: 36055136 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol is a dietary polyphenol that interacts with gut microbiota to possess various biological activities. To identify the microbial metabolites of resveratrol, fresh feces from 12 volunteers were cultured in vitro. Their urine samples were collected after taking a commercial capsule containing 600 mg of resveratrol. Metabolites were characterized and quantified by UPLC-Q-Exactive plus orbitrap MS/MS. The results showed that dihydroresveratrol, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid, and lunularin were the major microbial metabolites of RSV with interindividual differences. 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid significantly attenuated the inflammatory response of LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells and DSS-induced colitis in antibiotics-treated pseudo-germ-free mice by regulating MAPK and NF-κB pathways. In contrast, dihydroresveratrol did not exhibit significant anti-inflammatory effects, and lunularin exhibited pro-inflammatory effects in cells. This study may help to better understand the health effects of resveratrol and its microbial metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Congying Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jia Yin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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10
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Antioxidant Phytochemicals as Potential Therapy for Diabetic Complications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010123. [PMID: 36670985 PMCID: PMC9855127 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of diabetes continues to increase partly due to rapid urbanization and an increase in the aging population. Consequently, this is associated with a parallel increase in the prevalence of diabetic vascular complications which significantly worsen the burden of diabetes. For these diabetic vascular complications, there is still an unmet need for safe and effective alternative/adjuvant therapeutic interventions. There is also an increasing urge for therapeutic options to come from natural products such as plants. Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress is central to the development of diabetes and diabetic complications. Furthermore, oxidative stress-induced inflammation and insulin resistance are central to endothelial damage and the progression of diabetic complications. Human and animal studies have shown that polyphenols could reduce oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, and prevent diabetic complications including diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Part of the therapeutic effects of polyphenols is attributed to their modulatory effect on endogenous antioxidant systems. This review attempts to summarize the established effects of polyphenols on endogenous antioxidant systems from the literature. Moreover, potential therapeutic strategies for harnessing the potential benefits of polyphenols for diabetic vascular complications are also discussed.
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11
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Wang X, Chen B, Fang X, Zhong Q, Liao Z, Wang J, Wu X, Ma Y, Li P, Feng X, Wang L. Soy isoflavone-specific biotransformation product S-equol in the colon: physiological functions, transformation mechanisms, and metabolic regulatory pathways. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5462-5490. [PMID: 36503364 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2154744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological data suggest that regular intake of soy isoflavones may reduce the incidence of estrogen-dependent and aging-associated disorders. Equol is a metabolite of soy isoflavone (SI) produced by specific gut microbiota and has many beneficial effects on human health due to its higher biological activity compared to SI. However, only 1/3 to 1/2 of humans are able to produce equol in the body, which means that not many people can fully benefit from SI. This review summarizes the recent advances in equol research, focusing on the chemical properties, physiological functions, conversion mechanisms in vitro and vivo, and metabolic regulatory pathways affecting S-equol production. Advanced experimental designs and possible techniques in future research plan are also fully discussed. Furthermore, this review provides a fundamental basis for researchers in the field to understand individual differences in S-equol production, the efficiency of metabolic conversion of S-equol, and fermentation production of S-equol in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baiyan Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Fang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Zhong
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenlin Liao
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejiao Wu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhao Ma
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengzhen Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Feng
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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González-Sarrías A, Espín-Aguilar JC, Romero-Reyes S, Puigcerver J, Alajarín M, Berná J, Selma MV, Espín JC. Main Determinants Affecting the Antiproliferative Activity of Stilbenes and Their Gut Microbiota Metabolites in Colon Cancer Cells: A Structure-Activity Relationship Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315102. [PMID: 36499424 PMCID: PMC9739882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
trans-Resveratrol can be catabolized by the gut microbiota to dihydroresveratrol, 3,4'-dihydroxy-trans-stilbene, lunularin, and 4-hydroxydibenzyl. These metabolites can reach relevant concentrations in the colon. However, not all individuals metabolize RSV equally, as it depends on their RSV gut microbiota metabotype (i.e., lunularin producers vs. non-producers). However, how this microbial metabolism affects the cancer chemopreventive activity of stilbenes and their microbial metabolites is poorly known. We investigated the structure-antiproliferative activity relationship of dietary stilbenes, their gut microbial metabolites, and various analogs in human cancer (Caco-2 and HT-29) and non-tumorigenic (CCD18-Co) colon cells. The antiproliferative IC50 values of pterostilbene, oxy-resveratrol, piceatannol, resveratrol, dihydroresveratrol, lunularin, 3,4'-dihydroxy-trans-stilbene, pinosylvin, dihydropinosylvin, 4-hydroxy-trans-stilbene, 4-hydroxydibenzyl, 3-hydroxydibenzyl, and 4-trans-stilbenemethanol were calculated. IC50 values were correlated with 34 molecular characteristics by bi- and multivariate analysis. Little or no activity on CCD18-Co was observed, while Caco-2 was more sensitive than HT-29, which was explained by their different capacities to metabolize the compounds. Caco-2 IC50 values ranged from 11.4 ± 10.1 μM (4-hydroxy-trans-stilbene) to 73.9 ± 13.8 μM (dihydropinosylvin). In HT-29, the values ranged from 24.4 ± 11.3 μM (4-hydroxy-trans-stilbene) to 96.7 ± 6.7 μM (4-hydroxydibenzyl). At their IC50, most compounds induced apoptosis and arrested the cell cycle at the S phase, pterostilbene at G2/M, while 4-hydroxy-trans-stilbene and 3,4'-dihydroxy-trans-stilbene arrested at both phases. Higher Connolly values (larger size) hindered the antiproliferative activity, while a lower pKa1 enhanced the activity in Caco-2, and higher LogP values (more hydrophobicity) increased the activity in HT-29. Reducing the styrene double bond in stilbenes was the most critical feature in decreasing the antiproliferative activity. These results (i) suggest that gut microbiota metabolism determines the antiproliferative effects of dietary stilbenes. Therefore, RSV consumption might exert different effects in individuals depending on their gut microbiota metabotypes associated with RSV metabolism, and (ii) could help design customized drugs with a stilbenoid and (or) dibenzyl core against colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio González-Sarrías
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín-Aguilar
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Salvador Romero-Reyes
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Julio Puigcerver
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Mateo Alajarín
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Berná
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - María Victoria Selma
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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13
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Metabolomics profiles of premenopausal women are different based on O-desmethylangolensin metabotype. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:1490-1498. [PMID: 34763731 PMCID: PMC9095764 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521004463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Urinary O-desmethylangolensin (ODMA) concentrations provide a functional gut microbiome marker of dietary isoflavone daidzein metabolism to ODMA. Individuals who do not have gut microbial environments that produce ODMA have less favourable cardiometabolic and cancer risk profiles. Urinary metabolomics profiles were evaluated in relation to ODMA metabotypes within and between individuals over time. Secondary analysis of data was conducted from the BEAN2 trial, which was a cross-over study of premenopausal women consuming 6 months on a high and a low soya diet, each separated by a 1-month washout period. In all of the 672 samples in the study, sixty-six of the eighty-four women had the same ODMA metabotype at seven or all eight time points. Two or four urine samples per woman were selected based on temporal metabotypes in order to compare within and across individuals. Metabolomics assays for primary metabolism and biogenic amines were conducted in sixty urine samples from twenty women. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis was used to compare metabolomics profiles. For the same ODMA metabotype across different time points, no profile differences were detected. For changes in metabotype within individuals and across individuals with different metabotypes, distinct metabolomes emerged. Influential metabolites (variables importance in projection score > 2) included several phenolic compounds, carnitine and derivatives, fatty acid and amino acid metabolites and some medications. Based on the distinct metabolomes of producers v. non-producers, the ODMA metabotype may be a marker of gut microbiome functionality broadly involved in nutrient and bioactive metabolism and should be evaluated for relevance to precision nutrition initiatives.
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14
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Zhang B, Zhang Y, Xing X, Wang S. Health benefits of dietary polyphenols: Insight into interindividual variability in absorption and metabolism. Curr Opin Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Iglesias-Aguirre C, Vallejo F, Beltrán D, Aguilar-Aguilar E, Puigcerver J, Alajarín M, Berná J, Selma MV, Espín JC. Lunularin Producers versus Non-producers: Novel Human Metabotypes Associated with the Metabolism of Resveratrol by the Gut Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10521-10531. [PMID: 35981285 PMCID: PMC9449969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We describe here for the first time the consistent observation of two metabotypes associated with resveratrol metabolism by the human gut microbiota, that is, lunularin (LUNU)-producers and LUNU non-producers. In healthy volunteers (n = 195), resveratrol was reduced to dihydroresveratrol, which only in the LUNU-producer metabotype was sequentially dehydroxylated at the 5-position to yield LUNU and the 3-position to produce 4-hydroxydibenzyl. These metabolites (also 3,4'-dihydroxy-trans-stilbene in some LUNU-producers) were detected in the urine and (or) feces of 74% of volunteers after consuming resveratrol, while 26% lacked these dehydroxylase activities. The LUNU non-producer metabotype was more prevalent in females (P < 0.05) but independent of individuals' BMI and age. A 4-styrylphenol reductase in both metabotypes converted stilbenes to their corresponding dibenzyls, while no 4-dehydroxylation in stilbenes or dibenzyls was observed. 4-Hydroxy-trans-stilbene, pinosylvin, dihydropinosylvin, 3-hydroxydibenzyl, and 3-hydroxy-trans-stilbene were not detected in vivo or in vitro. Further research on LUNU metabotypes, their associated gut microbiota, and their impact on health is worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos
E. Iglesias-Aguirre
- Laboratory
of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity
of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Fernando Vallejo
- Laboratory
of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity
of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - David Beltrán
- Laboratory
of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity
of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Elena Aguilar-Aguilar
- Nutrition
and Clinical Trials Unit, GENYAL Platform, IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Julio Puigcerver
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Mateo Alajarín
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - José Berná
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - María V. Selma
- Laboratory
of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity
of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Laboratory
of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity
of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
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16
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Wang Y, Shou X, Fan Z, Cui J, Xue D, Wu Y. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Phytoestrogen Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: Pre-Clinical Evidence From Small Animal Studies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:847748. [PMID: 35668938 PMCID: PMC9166621 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.847748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Phytoestrogens are a class of natural compounds that have structural similarities to estrogens. They have been identified to confer potent cardioprotective effects in experimental myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) animal models. We aimed to investigate the effect of PE on MIRI and its intrinsic mechanisms. Methods: A systematic search was conducted to identify PEs that have been validated in animal studies or clinical studies as effective against MIRI. Then, we collected studies that met inclusion and exclusion criteria from January 2016 to September 2021. The SYRCLE's RoB tool was used to evaluate the quality. Data were analyzed by STATA 16.0 software. Results: The search yielded 18 phytoestrogens effective against heart disease. They are genistein, quercetin, biochanin A, formononetin, daidzein, kaempferol, icariin, puerarin, rutin, notoginsenoside R1, tanshinone IIA, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rb3, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re, resveratrol, polydatin, and bakuchiol. Then, a total of 20 studies from 17 articles with a total of 355 animals were included in this meta-analysis. The results show that PE significantly reduced the myocardial infarct size in MIRI animals compared with the control group (p < 0.001). PE treatment significantly reduced the creatine kinase level (p < 0.001) and cTnI level (p < 0.001), increased left ventricular ejection fraction (p < 0.001) and left ventricular fractional shortening (p < 0.001) in MIRI animals. In addition, PE also exerts a significant heart rate lowering effect (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Preclinical evidence suggests that PE can be multi-targeted for cardioprotective effects in MIRI. More large animal studies and clinical research are still needed in the future to further confirm its role in MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Wang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiovascular, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xintian Shou
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zongjing Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Donghua Xue
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiovascular, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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17
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Variability in the Beneficial Effects of Phenolic Compounds: A Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091925. [PMID: 35565892 PMCID: PMC9101290 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
When analysing the beneficial effects of phenolic compounds, several factors that exert a clear influence should be taken into account. The content of phenolic compounds in foods is highly variable, directly affecting individual dietary intake. Once ingested, these compounds have a greater or lesser bioaccessibility, defined as the amount available for absorption in the intestine after digestion, and a certain bioavailability, defined as the proportion of the molecule that is available after digestion, absorption and metabolism. Among the external factors that modify the content of phenolic compounds in food are the variety, the cultivation technique and the climate. Regarding functional foods, it is important to take into account the role of the selected food matrix, such as dairy matrices, liquid or solid matrices. It is also essential to consider the interactions between phenolic compounds as well as the interplay that occurs between these and several other components of the diet (macro- and micronutrients) at absorption, metabolism and mechanism of action levels. Furthermore, there is a great inter-individual variability in terms of phase II metabolism of these compounds, composition of the microbiota, and metabolic state or metabotype to which the subject belongs. All these factors introduce variability in the responses observed after ingestion of foods or nutraceuticals containing phenolic compounds.
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18
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Narduzzi L, Agulló V, Favari C, Tosi N, Mignogna C, Crozier A, Rio DD, Mena P. (Poly)phenolic compounds and gut microbiome: new opportunities for personalized nutrition. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2022; 1:16. [PMID: 38046361 PMCID: PMC10688808 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2022.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
For decades, (poly)phenols have been linked to cardiometabolic health, but population heterogeneity limits their apparent efficacy and the development of tailored, practical protocols in dietary interventions. This heterogeneity is likely determined by the existence of different metabotypes, sub-populations of individuals metabolizing some classes of (poly)phenols differently. The gut microbiota plays a major role in this process. The impact of microbiota-related phenolic metabotypes on cardiometabolic health is becoming evident, although the picture is still incomplete, and data are absent for some classes of (poly)phenols. The lack of a complete understanding of the main microbial actors involved in the process complicates the picture. Elucidation of the mechanisms behind phenolic metabotypes requires novel experimental designs that can dissect the inter-individual variability. This paper, in addition to providing an overview on the current state-of-the-art, proposes wider metabotyping approaches as a means of paving the way towards effective personalized nutrition with dietary (poly)phenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Narduzzi
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, Parma 43125, Italy
| | - Vicente Agulló
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, Parma 43125, Italy
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Foods Lab (LabFAS), Food Science and Technology Department (CEBAS-CSIC), University Campus of Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Claudia Favari
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, Parma 43125, Italy
| | - Nicole Tosi
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, Parma 43125, Italy
| | - Cristiana Mignogna
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, Parma 43125, Italy
| | - Alan Crozier
- Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, Parma 43125, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, Parma 43125, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, Parma 43124, Italy
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19
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Lessard-Lord J, Plante PL, Desjardins Y. Purified recombinant enzymes efficiently hydrolyze conjugated urinary (poly)phenol metabolites. Food Funct 2022; 13:10895-10911. [PMID: 36239175 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02229j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Purified recombinant enzymes are efficient at hydrolyzing microbial (poly)phenol metabolite phase II conjugates, and hence, can be used to accurately quantify them using unconjugated analytical standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Lessard-Lord
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Nutrition, Health and Society Centre (NUTRISS), INAF, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Pier-Luc Plante
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Nutrition, Health and Society Centre (NUTRISS), INAF, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Desjardins
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Nutrition, Health and Society Centre (NUTRISS), INAF, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
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20
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Iglesias-Carres L, Neilson AP. Utilizing preclinical models of genetic diversity to improve translation of phytochemical activities from rodents to humans and inform personalized nutrition. Food Funct 2021; 12:11077-11105. [PMID: 34672309 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02782d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models are an essential tool in different areas of research, including nutrition and phytochemical research. Traditional inbred mouse models have allowed the discovery of therapeutical targets and mechanisms of action and expanded our knowledge of health and disease. However, these models lack the genetic variability typically found in human populations, which hinders the translatability of the results found in mice to humans. The development of genetically diverse mouse models, such as the collaborative cross (CC) or the diversity outbred (DO) models, has been a useful tool to overcome this obstacle in many fields, such as cancer, immunology and toxicology. However, these tools have not yet been widely adopted in the field of phytochemical research. As demonstrated in other disciplines, use of CC and DO models has the potential to provide invaluable insights for translation of phytochemicals from rodents to humans, which are desperately needed given the challenges and numerous failed clinical trials in this field. These models may prove informative for personalized use of phytochemicals in humans, including: predicting interindividual variability in phytochemical bioavailability and efficacy, identifying genetic loci or genes governing response to phytochemicals, identifying phytochemical mechanisms of action and therapeutic targets, and understanding the impact of genetic variability on individual response to phytochemicals. Such insights would prove invaluable for personalized implementation of phytochemicals in humans. This review will focus on the current work performed with genetically diverse mouse populations, and the research opportunities and advantages that these models can offer to phytochemical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisard Iglesias-Carres
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA.
| | - Andrew P Neilson
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA.
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21
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Iglesias-Aguirre CE, Cortés-Martín A, Ávila-Gálvez MÁ, Giménez-Bastida JA, Selma MV, González-Sarrías A, Espín JC. Main drivers of (poly)phenol effects on human health: metabolite production and/or gut microbiota-associated metabotypes? Food Funct 2021; 12:10324-10355. [PMID: 34558584 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02033a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high human interindividual variability in response to (poly)phenol consumption, the cause-and-effect relationship between some dietary (poly)phenols (flavanols and olive oil phenolics) and health effects (endothelial function and prevention of LDL oxidation, respectively) has been well established. Most of the variables affecting this interindividual variability have been identified (food matrix, gut microbiota, single-nucleotide-polymorphisms, etc.). However, the final drivers for the health effects of (poly)phenol consumption have not been fully identified. At least partially, these drivers could be (i) the (poly)phenols ingested that exert their effect in the gastrointestinal tract, (ii) the bioavailable metabolites that exert their effects systemically and/or (iii) the gut microbial ecology associated with (poly)phenol metabolism (i.e., gut microbiota-associated metabotypes). However, statistical associations between health effects and the occurrence of circulating and/or excreted metabolites, as well as cross-sectional studies that correlate gut microbial ecologies and health, do not prove a causal role unequivocally. We provide a critical overview and perspective on the possible main drivers of the effects of (poly)phenols on human health and suggest possible actions to identify the putative actors responsible for the effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E Iglesias-Aguirre
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Adrián Cortés-Martín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - María Á Ávila-Gálvez
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (IBET), Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Juan A Giménez-Bastida
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - María V Selma
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Antonio González-Sarrías
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
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22
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Giménez-Bastida JA, González-Sarrías A, Laparra-Llopis JM, Schneider C, Espín JC. Targeting Mammalian 5-Lipoxygenase by Dietary Phenolics as an Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7937. [PMID: 34360703 PMCID: PMC8348464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) plays a key role in inflammation through the biosynthesis of leukotrienes and other lipid mediators. Current evidence suggests that dietary (poly)phenols exert a beneficial impact on human health through anti-inflammatory activities. Their mechanisms of action have mostly been associated with the modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β), prostaglandins (PGE2), and the interaction with NF-κB and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) pathways. Much less is known about the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) pathway as a target of dietary (poly)phenols. This systematic review aimed to summarize how dietary (poly)phenols target the 5-LOX pathway in preclinical and human studies. The number of studies identified is low (5, 24, and 127 human, animal, and cellular studies, respectively) compared to the thousands of studies focusing on the COX-2 pathway. Some (poly)phenolics such as caffeic acid, hydroxytyrosol, resveratrol, curcumin, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), and quercetin have been reported to reduce the formation of 5-LOX eicosanoids in vitro. However, the in vivo evidence is inconclusive because of the low number of studies and the difficulty of attributing effects to (poly)phenols. Therefore, increasing the number of studies targeting the 5-LOX pathway would largely expand our knowledge on the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of (poly)phenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Giménez-Bastida
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Antonio González-Sarrías
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - José Moisés Laparra-Llopis
- Group of Molecular Immunonutrition in Cancer, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Food (IMDEA-Food), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Claus Schneider
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
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23
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Yokosuka K, Rutledge C, Kamio Y, Kuwabara A, Sato H, Rahmani R, Purcell J, Eguchi S, Baranoski JF, Margaryan T, Tovmasyan A, Ai J, Lawton MT, Hashimoto T. Roles of Phytoestrogen in the Pathophysiology of Intracranial Aneurysm. Stroke 2021; 52:2661-2670. [PMID: 34157864 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.032042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimihiko Yokosuka
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center (K.Y., Y.K., A.K., H.S., R.R., J.P., J.F.B., J.A., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Caleb Rutledge
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (C.R.)
| | - Yoshinobu Kamio
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center (K.Y., Y.K., A.K., H.S., R.R., J.P., J.F.B., J.A., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Atsushi Kuwabara
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center (K.Y., Y.K., A.K., H.S., R.R., J.P., J.F.B., J.A., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center (K.Y., Y.K., A.K., H.S., R.R., J.P., J.F.B., J.A., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Redi Rahmani
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center (K.Y., Y.K., A.K., H.S., R.R., J.P., J.F.B., J.A., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY (R.R.)
| | - James Purcell
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center (K.Y., Y.K., A.K., H.S., R.R., J.P., J.F.B., J.A., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (S.E.)
| | - Jacob F Baranoski
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center (K.Y., Y.K., A.K., H.S., R.R., J.P., J.F.B., J.A., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Tigran Margaryan
- Division of Neurobiology, Ivy Brain Tumor Center (T.M., A.T.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Artak Tovmasyan
- Division of Neurobiology, Ivy Brain Tumor Center (T.M., A.T.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Jinglu Ai
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center (K.Y., Y.K., A.K., H.S., R.R., J.P., J.F.B., J.A., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Michael T Lawton
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center (K.Y., Y.K., A.K., H.S., R.R., J.P., J.F.B., J.A., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
- Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Tomoki Hashimoto
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center (K.Y., Y.K., A.K., H.S., R.R., J.P., J.F.B., J.A., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
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Cortés-Martín A, Iglesias-Aguirre CE, Meoro A, Selma MV, Espín JC. Pharmacological Therapy Determines the Gut Microbiota Modulation by a Pomegranate Extract Nutraceutical in Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2001048. [PMID: 33458928 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202001048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Poly-pharmacological therapy shapes the gut microbiota (GM) in metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients. The effects of polyphenols in poly-medicated MetS patients are unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, and crossover trial in poly-medicated MetS patients (n=50) explored whether the effects of a pomegranate extract nutraceutical (PE, 320 mg phenolics/day for 1 month) are affected by the drug therapy. Considering the lipid-lowering (LL-), anti-hypertensive (HP-) and(or) anti-diabetic (AD-) treatments: GM (16S rRNA sequencing), short-chain fatty acids, 40 inflammatory-metabolic and endotoxemia-related biomarkers, associations between biomarkers and GM with 53 cardiometabolic dysfunctions-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and urolithin metabotypes (UMs) influence are evaluated. Representative SNPs-GM associations after PE include Lactococcus and ClostridiumXIVa with rs5443-GNB3 (G-protein-β-polypeptide-3) and ClostridiumXIVa with rs7903146-TCF7L2 (transcription-factor-7-like-2) and rs1137101-LEPR (leptin-receptor). PE decreases sICAM-1 in LL-patients and the lipopolysaccharide-binding protein in all the patients. PE does not affect the other patients' markers as a group or stratifying by UMs. After PE, Lactococcus increases in AD-, LL-, and HP-patients, Bifidobacterium increases in LL- and AD-, while Clostridium XIVa decreases in non-LL- and non-HP-patients. CONCLUSION The prebiotic effect of PE depends on the medication, mainly on HP-treatments. Targeting GM can complement MetS therapy, but the patients' drug therapy should be considered individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Cortés-Martín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Carlos Eduardo Iglesias-Aguirre
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Amparo Meoro
- Service of Endocrinology, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Avda. Intendente Jorge Palacios s/n, Murcia, 30003, Spain
| | - María Victoria Selma
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
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Gong L, Wen T, Wang J. Role of the Microbiome in Mediating Health Effects of Dietary Components. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:12820-12835. [PMID: 32131598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b08231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Numerous recent observation and intervention studies suggest that the microbiota in the gut and oral cavity play important roles in host physiology, including disease development and progression. Of the many environmental factors involved, dietary components play a pivotal role in shaping the microbiota community and function, thus eliciting beneficial or detrimental consequences on host health. The microbiota affect human physiology by altering the chemical structures of dietary components, thus creating new biological properties and modifying their lifetime and bioavailability. This review will describe the causal mechanisms between the microbiota and some specific bacterial species and diet components providing health benefits and how this knowledge could be incorporated in dietary strategies for improving human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Gong
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Wen
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
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Jang HH, Noh H, Kim HW, Cho SY, Kim HJ, Lee SH, Lee SH, Gunter MJ, Ferrari P, Scalbert A, Freisling H, Kim JB, Choe JS, Kwon O. Metabolic tracking of isoflavones in soybean products and biosamples from healthy adults after fermented soybean consumption. Food Chem 2020; 330:127317. [PMID: 32569934 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fermentation may enhance the nutritional properties of foods by increasing metabolite bioactivity or bioavailability. This study explored the effect of fermentation on isoflavone bioavailability and metabolism. Isoflavone metabolites were tracked in foods and biospecimens of healthy adults after fermented soybean (FS) or non-fermented soybean (NFS) consumption in a randomized, controlled, crossover intervention study. The change in soybean isoflavones caused by fermentation resulted in faster absorption and higher bioavailability after consumption of FS. Although the urinary level of total isoflavone metabolites was similar after the consumption of the two diets, urinary genistein 7-O-sulfate was derived as a discriminant metabolite for the FS diet by partial least squares discriminant analysis. This study suggests that an isoflavone conjugate profile might be a more appropriate marker than total isoflavone levels for discriminating between the consumption of FS and NFS diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan-Hee Jang
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea; Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hwayoung Noh
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Heon-Woong Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Cho
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jeong Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Seon-Hye Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hyen Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Pietro Ferrari
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Heinz Freisling
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Jung-Bong Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Sook Choe
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea.
| | - Oran Kwon
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
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García CJ, Beltrán D, Tomás-Barberán FA. Human Gut Microbiota Metabolism of Dietary Sesquiterpene Lactones: Untargeted Metabolomics Study of Lactucopicrin and Lactucin Conversion In Vitro and In Vivo. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000619. [PMID: 32970341 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Gut microbiota converts dietary phytochemicals into metabolites and modulates their health effects. The microbial metabolism of dietary terpenoids, as the sesquiterpene lactones of leafy vegetables, is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS In vitro fermentation of lactucopicrin, lactucin, and romaine lettuce with gut microbiota from independent donors, show their extensive metabolism through untargeted metabolomics of the fecal incubations. Dehydroxylations and double bond hydrogenations are the main catabolic reactions. Isomers of dihydrolactucopicrin, tetrahydrolactucopicrin, and deoxylactucin, are observed after lactucopicrin metabolism. Tetrahydrolactucin and hexahydrolactucin are also found after lactucin metabolism. Lettuce fermentation shows similar metabolic conversions. Phase II conjugates of most of these metabolites are detected in the urine of healthy volunteers after escarole salad intake. Glucuronides, and sulfates, of dihydrolactucopicrin, tetrahydrolactucopicrin, dihydrolactucin, and deoxylactucin, are detected in the urine although with large inter-subject variability. CONCLUSION This is the first report on the gut microbiota metabolism of sesquiterpene lactones in humans, and one of the first reports to describe that dietary terpenoids of widely consumed leafy vegetables are extensively catabolized by human gut microbiota. A large inter-subject variation in the metabolism of sesquiterpene lactones also reflects differences in gut microbiota composition. It suggests that inter-individual differences in their health effects should be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J García
- Research group of Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - David Beltrán
- Research group of Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Francisco A Tomás-Barberán
- Research group of Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Murcia, 30100, Spain
- Catholic University San Antonio, UCAM, Guadalupe, 30107, Murcia, Spain
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Takeuchi H, Higuchi K, Yoshikane Y, Takagi R, Tokuhiro S, Takenaka K, Oboshi W, Kimura A, Islam JM, Kaneko A, Sato S, Ishizuka S. Drinking Refined Deep-Sea Water Improves the Gut Ecosystem with Beneficial Effects on Intestinal Health in Humans: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092646. [PMID: 32878045 PMCID: PMC7551512 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
World health trends are focusing on a balanced food and beverage intake for healthy life. Refined deep-sea water (RDSW), obtained from deep-sea water collected offshore in Muroto (Japan), is mineral-rich drinking water. We previously reported that drinking RDSW improves human gut health. Here, we analyzed the effect of drinking RDSW on the gut ecosystem to understand this effect. This was a randomized double-blind controlled trial. Ninety-eight healthy adults were divided into two groups: RDSW or mineral water (control). The participants consumed 1 L of either water type daily for 12 weeks. A self-administered questionnaire and stool and urine samples were collected through the intervention. The following were determined: fecal biomarkers of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), five putrefactive products, and nine short-chain-fatty-acids (SCFAs) as the primary outcomes; and three urinary isoflavones and the questionnaire as secondary outcomes. In post-intervention in the RDSW group, we found increased concentrations of five SCFAs and decreased concentrations of phenol and sIgA (p < 0.05). The multiple logistic analysis demonstrated that RDSW significantly affected two biomarkers (acetic and 3-methylbutanoic acids) of the five SCFAs mentioned above (p < 0.05). Similarly, the concentrations of urinary isoflavones tended to increase in post-intervention in the RDSW group. Constipation was significantly alleviated in the RDSW group (94%) compared with the control group (60%). Drinking RDSW improves the intestinal environment, increasing fecal SCFAs and urinary isoflavones, which leads to broad beneficial effects in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Takeuchi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Health and Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School, 4-3 Kouzunomori, Narita-City 286-8686, Chiba, Japan; (W.O.); (A.K.); (J.M.I.); (A.K.); (S.S.)
- Department of Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku-City 783-8505, Kochi, Japan; (R.T.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-476-20-7762
| | - Keiro Higuchi
- Center for Regional Collaboration, Kochi University, 2-17-47 Asakurahonmachi, Kochi-City 780-8073, Kochi, Japan; (K.H.); (S.I.)
| | - Yu Yoshikane
- Department of Human Living Sciences, Notre Dame Seishin University, 2-16-9 Ifuku-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-City 700-8516, Okayama, Japan;
| | - Ryo Takagi
- Department of Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku-City 783-8505, Kochi, Japan; (R.T.); (S.T.)
| | - Shinji Tokuhiro
- Department of Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku-City 783-8505, Kochi, Japan; (R.T.); (S.T.)
| | - Koichi Takenaka
- DyDo-T Beverage Co. Ltd., 1310-1 Hanechou-ko, Muroto-City 781-6741, Kochi, Japan;
| | - Wataru Oboshi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Health and Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School, 4-3 Kouzunomori, Narita-City 286-8686, Chiba, Japan; (W.O.); (A.K.); (J.M.I.); (A.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Asako Kimura
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Health and Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School, 4-3 Kouzunomori, Narita-City 286-8686, Chiba, Japan; (W.O.); (A.K.); (J.M.I.); (A.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Jahirul Md. Islam
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Health and Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School, 4-3 Kouzunomori, Narita-City 286-8686, Chiba, Japan; (W.O.); (A.K.); (J.M.I.); (A.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Ayami Kaneko
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Health and Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School, 4-3 Kouzunomori, Narita-City 286-8686, Chiba, Japan; (W.O.); (A.K.); (J.M.I.); (A.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Shouichi Sato
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Health and Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School, 4-3 Kouzunomori, Narita-City 286-8686, Chiba, Japan; (W.O.); (A.K.); (J.M.I.); (A.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Satoshi Ishizuka
- Center for Regional Collaboration, Kochi University, 2-17-47 Asakurahonmachi, Kochi-City 780-8073, Kochi, Japan; (K.H.); (S.I.)
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Ávila-Gálvez MÁ, Giménez-Bastida JA, Espín JC, González-Sarrías A. Dietary Phenolics against Breast Cancer. A Critical Evidence-Based Review and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165718. [PMID: 32784973 PMCID: PMC7461055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy and the leading cause of cancer-related death in adult women worldwide. Over 85% of BC cases are non-hereditary, caused by modifiable extrinsic factors related to lifestyle, including dietary habits, which play a crucial role in cancer prevention. Although many epidemiological and observational studies have inversely correlated the fruit and vegetable consumption with the BC incidence, the involvement of their phenolic content in this correlation remains contradictory. During decades, wrong approaches that did not consider the bioavailability, metabolism, and breast tissue distribution of dietary phenolics persist behind the large currently existing gap between preclinical and clinical research. In the present review, we provide comprehensive preclinical and clinical evidence according to physiologically relevant in vitro and in vivo studies. Some dietary phenolics such as resveratrol (RSV), quercetin, isoflavones, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), lignans, and curcumin are gaining attention for their chemopreventive properties in preclinical research. However, the clinical evidence of dietary phenolics as BC chemopreventive compounds is still inconclusive. Therefore, the only way to validate promising preclinical results is to conduct clinical trials in BC patients. In this regard, future perspectives on dietary phenolics and BC research are also critically discussed.
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Interactions of probiotics and prebiotics with the gut microbiota. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 171:265-300. [PMID: 32475525 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM) composition varies among individuals and is influenced by intrinsic (genetics, age) and extrinsic (environment, diet, lifestyle) factors. An imbalance or dysbiosis is directly associated with the development of several illnesses, due to the potential increase in intestinal permeability leading to a systemic inflammation triggered by higher levels of circulating lipopolysaccharides and changes in the immune response caused by an overgrowth of a specific genus or of pathogens. These mechanisms may increase symptoms in gastrointestinal disorders or reduce glucose tolerance in metabolic diseases. Diet also has a significant impact on GM, and functional foods, namely prebiotics and probiotics, are a novel approach to reestablish the indigenous microbiota. Prebiotics, like inulin and polyphenols, are selectively utilized by GM, releasing short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and other metabolites which may reduce the intestinal lumen pH, inhibit growth of pathogens, and enhance mineral and vitamin bioavailability. Probiotic microorganism may increase the microbial diversity of GM and improve the integrity of the intestinal barrier, leading to an improvement of baseline and pathologic inflammation. In this chapter, we will discuss the potential roles of prebiotics and probiotics in health and diseases throughout an individual's lifetime and proposed mechanisms of action.
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Cortés-Martín A, Selma MV, Tomás-Barberán FA, González-Sarrías A, Espín JC. Where to Look into the Puzzle of Polyphenols and Health? The Postbiotics and Gut Microbiota Associated with Human Metabotypes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1900952. [PMID: 32196920 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The full consensus on the role of dietary polyphenols as human-health-promoting compounds remains elusive. The two-way interaction between polyphenols and gut microbiota (GM) (i.e., modulation of GM by polyphenols and their catabolism by the GM) is determinant in polyphenols' effects. The identification of human metabotypes associated with a differential gut microbial metabolism of polyphenols has opened new research scenarios to explain the inter-individual variability upon polyphenols consumption. The metabotypes unequivocally identified so far are those involved in the metabolism of isoflavones (equol and(or) O-desmethylangolesin producers versus non-producers) and ellagic acid (urolithin metabotypes, including producers of only urolithin-A (UM-A), producers of urolithin-A, isourolithin-A, and urolithin-B (UM-B), and non-producers (UM-0)). In addition, the microbial metabolites (phenolic-derived postbiotics) such as equol, urolithins, valerolactones, enterolactone, and enterodiol, and 8-prenylnaringenin, among others, can exert differential health effects. The knowledge is updated and position is taken here on i) the two-way interaction between GM and polyphenols, ii) the evidence between phenolic-derived postbiotics and health, iii) the role of metabotypes as biomarkers of GM and the clustering of individuals depending on their metabotypes (metabotyping) to explain polyphenols' effects, and iv) the gut microbial metabolism of catecholamines to illustrate the intersection between personalized nutrition and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Cortés-Martín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - María Victoria Selma
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Francisco Abraham Tomás-Barberán
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Antonio González-Sarrías
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
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Why interindividual variation in response to consumption of plant food bioactives matters for future personalised nutrition. Proc Nutr Soc 2020; 79:225-235. [PMID: 32014077 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665120000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Food phytochemicals are increasingly considered to play a key role in the cardiometabolic health effects of plant foods. However, the heterogeneity in responsiveness to their intake frequently observed in clinical trials can hinder the beneficial effects of these compounds in specific subpopulations. A range of factors, including genetic background, gut microbiota, age, sex and health status, could be involved in these interindividual variations; however, the current knowledge is limited and fragmented. The European network, European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)-POSITIVe, has analysed, in a systematic way, existing knowledge with the aim to better understand the factors responsible for the interindividual variation in response to the consumption of the major families of plant food bioactives, regarding their bioavailability and bioefficacy. If differences in bioavailability, likely reflecting differences in human subjects' genetics or in gut microbiota composition and functionality, are believed to underpin much of the interindividual variability, the key molecular determinants or microbial species remain to be identified. The systematic analysis of published studies conducted to assess the interindividual variation in biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk suggested some factors (such as adiposity and health status) as involved in between-subject variation. However, the contribution of these factors is not demonstrated consistently across the different compounds and biological outcomes and would deserve further investigations. The findings of the network clearly highlight that the human subjects' intervention studies published so far are not adequate to investigate the relevant determinants of the absorption/metabolism and biological responsiveness. They also emphasise the need for a new generation of intervention studies designed to capture this interindividual variation.
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Circulating Metabolites Originating from Gut Microbiota Control Endothelial Cell Function. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213992. [PMID: 31694161 PMCID: PMC6864778 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular functionality strictly depends on endothelial cell trophism and proper biochemical function. Any condition (environmental, pharmacological/toxicological, physical, or neuro-humoral) that changes the vascular endothelium has great consequences for the organism’s wellness and on the outcome and evolution of severe cardiovascular pathologies. Thus, knowledge of the mechanisms, both endogenous and external, that affect endothelial dysfunction is pivotal to preventing and treating these disorders. In recent decades, significant attention has been focused on gut microbiota and how these symbiotic microorganisms can influence host health and disease development. Indeed, dysbiosis has been reported to be at the base of a range of different pathologies, including pathologies of the cardiovascular system. The study of the mechanism underlying this relationship has led to the identification of a series of metabolites (released by gut bacteria) that exert different effects on all the components of the vascular system, and in particular on endothelial cells. The imbalance of factors promoting or blunting endothelial cell viability and function and angiogenesis seems to be a potential target for the development of new therapeutic interventions. This review highlights the circulating factors identified to date, either directly produced by gut microbes or resulting from the metabolism of diet derivatives as polyphenols.
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de Roos B, Aura AM, Bronze M, Cassidy A, Conesa MTG, Gibney ER, Greyling A, Kaput J, Kerem Z, Knežević N, Kroon P, Landberg R, Manach C, Milenkovic D, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Tomás-Barberán FA, van de Wiele T, Morand C. Targeting the delivery of dietary plant bioactives to those who would benefit most: from science to practical applications. Eur J Nutr 2019; 58:65-73. [PMID: 31637468 PMCID: PMC6851046 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Background A healthy diet and optimal lifestyle choices are amongst the most important actions for the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases. Despite this, it appears difficult to convince consumers to select more nutritious foods. Furthermore, the development and production of healthier foods do not always lead to economic profits for the agro-food sector. Most dietary recommendations for the general population represent a “one-size-fits-all approach” which does not necessarily ensure that everyone has adequate exposure to health-promoting constituents of foods. Indeed, we now know that individuals show a high variability in responses when exposed to specific nutrients, foods, or diets. Purpose This review aims to highlight our current understanding of inter-individual variability in response to dietary bioactives, based on the integration of findings of the COST Action POSITIVe. We also evaluate opportunities for translation of scientific knowledge on inter-individual variability in response to dietary bioactives, once it becomes available, into practical applications for stakeholders, such as the agro-food industry. The potential impact from such applications will form an important impetus for the food industry to develop and market new high quality and healthy foods for specific groups of consumers in the future. This may contribute to a decrease in the burden of diet-related chronic diseases. Individual differences in ADME (Absorption, Digestion, Metabolism and Excretion) is believed to underpin much of the inter-individual variation in responses. Recent developments in the area of food metabolome databases and fast improvements in innovative metabotyping technologies hold great promise for improved profiling of dietary intake, exposure to individual ingredients, foods and dietary patterns, as well as our ability to identify individual responsiveness. The food industry needs well-defined population clusters or targets in order to be able to design “personalized products”. There are indeed excellent industrial opportunities for foods that modulate gut microbiota, and thereby enable the delivery of food bioactive metabolites. It is currently not clear whether knowledge on individual nutrient needs, based on genetic or metagenomic data, would affect long-term dietary and health behaviours. Data to support the development of dietary recommendations may need to be generated by new n-of-1-based study designs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baukje de Roos
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - Anna-Marja Aura
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, PO Box 1000, Tietotie 2, Espoo, Finland
| | - Maria Bronze
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Aedin Cassidy
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - María-Teresa Garcia Conesa
- Food and Health Laboratory. Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eileen R Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Arno Greyling
- Unilever Research and Development Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Zohar Kerem
- R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Paul Kroon
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claudine Manach
- INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Mateos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Francisco A Tomás-Barberán
- Food and Health Laboratory. Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Tom van de Wiele
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christine Morand
- INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Márquez Campos E, Stehle P, Simon MC. Microbial Metabolites of Flavan-3-Ols and Their Biological Activity. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102260. [PMID: 31546992 PMCID: PMC6836129 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavan-3-ols are the main contributors to polyphenol intake. Many varying beneficial health effects in humans have been attributed to them, including the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which these flavonoids could exert beneficial functions are not entirely known. Several in vitro studies and in vivo animal models have tried to elucidate the role of the specific colonic metabolites on the health properties that are attributed to the parent compounds since a larger number of ingested flavan-3-ols reach the colon and undergo there microbial metabolism. Many new studies about this topic have been performed over the last few years and, to the best of our knowledge, no scientific literature review regarding the bioactivity of all identified microbial metabolites of flavan-3-ols has been recently published. Therefore, the aim of this review is to present the current status of knowledge on the potential health benefits of flavan-3-ol microbial metabolites in humans while using the latest evidence on their biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Márquez Campos
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutrition and Microbiota, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Peter Stehle
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Marie-Christine Simon
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutrition and Microbiota, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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Migkos T, Applová L, Horký P, Tvrdý V, Karlíčková J, Macáková K, Hrubša M, Catapano MC, Tomanek M, Pour M, Mladěnka P. The influence of microbial isoflavonoid specific metabolites on platelets and transition metals iron and copper. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 62:152974. [PMID: 31181402 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoflavonoids seem to possess positive cardiovascular and other beneficial effects in humans. HYPOTHESIS Their low bioavailability, however, indicates that small isoflavonoid metabolites formed by human microflora can significantly contribute to these activities. STUDY DESIGN Testing antiplatelet activity ex vivo in human blood and interaction with transition metals in vitro. METHODS The effect on platelet aggregation induced by different triggers (arachidonic acid, collagen, ADP, TRAP-6), and interactions with transition metals (iron and copper chelation/reduction) were evaluated against four isoflavonoid-specific metabolites: S-equol; O-desmethylangolensin; 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid (HPPA); and 4-ethylphenol. RESULTS S-equol, 4-ethylphenol and O-desmethylangolensin blocked platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid and collagen. S-equol even matched the potency of acetylsalicylic acid in the case of collagen, which is the most physiological inducer of aggregation. Moreover, their effects in general seemed to be biologically relevant and attainable at achievable plasma concentrations, with the exception of HPPA which was ineffective. While only O-desmethylangolensin mildly chelated iron and copper, all four compounds markedly reduced cupric ions. Their direct free radical scavenging effects seem to have little clinical relevance. CONCLUSION This study has shown that S-equol, O-desmethylangolensin and 4-ethylphenol, arising from isoflavonoid intake, can have biologically relevant effects on platelet aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Migkos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Applová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Horký
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic; Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Zborovská 2089, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Tvrdý
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Karlíčková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Macáková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Hrubša
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Carmen Catapano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Tomanek
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, Bankowa 14, Katowice 40-007, Poland
| | - Milan Pour
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic.
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Peirotén Á, Bravo D, Landete JM. Bacterial metabolism as responsible of beneficial effects of phytoestrogens on human health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1922-1937. [PMID: 31161778 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1622505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens (PE) are compounds found in plants such as soy (isoflavones), flax seeds and cereals (lignans) and pomegranates (ellagitannins). PE have shown estrogenic/antiestrogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic and apoptotic activities. The human studies are showing promising although inconsistent results about the beneficial effects of PE on ameliorating the menopausal symptoms or reducing the risk of certain cancers, cardiovascular disease or diabetes. The effects of PE on the organism are mediated by the intestinal microbiota, which transforms them into bioactive PE such as genistein, equol, enterolignans and certain urolithins. In this work, we review the most recent findings about the bacteria able to metabolize PE, together with the latest studies on the effects of PE on health. In addition, we describe the possible factors hindering the demonstration of the beneficial effect of PE on health, evincing the importance of measuring the actual circulating PE in order to encompass the variability of PE metabolism due to the intestinal microbiota. With this in mind, we also explore an approach to ensure the access to bioactive PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Peirotén
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Bravo
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Landete
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
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Fraga CG, Croft KD, Kennedy DO, Tomás-Barberán FA. The effects of polyphenols and other bioactives on human health. Food Funct 2019; 10:514-528. [PMID: 30746536 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01997e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 529] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although deficiencies in polyphenol intake do not result in specific deficiency diseases, adequate intake of polyphenols could confer health benefits, especially with regard to chronic diseases. Tea, cocoa, fruits, and berries, as well as vegetables, are rich in polyphenols. Flavan-3-ols from cocoa have been found to be associated with a reduced risk of stroke, myocardial infarction, and diabetes, as well as improvements in lipids, endothelial-dependent blood flow and blood pressure, insulin resistance, and systemic inflammation. The flavonoid quercetin and the stilbene resveratrol have also been associated with cardiometabolic health. Although polyphenols have been associated with improved cerebral blood flow, evidence of an impact on cognition is more limited. The ability of dietary polyphenols to produce clinical effects may be due, at least in part, to a bi-directional relationship with the gut microbiota. Polyphenols can impact the composition of the gut microbiota (which are independently associated with health benefits), and gut bacteria metabolize polyphenols into bioactive compounds that produce clinical benefits. Another critical interaction is that of polyphenols with other phytochemicals, which could be relevant to interpreting the health parameter effects of polyphenols assayed as purified extracts, whole foods, or whole food extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- César G Fraga
- Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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40
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Zheng W, Ma Y, Zhao A, He T, Lyu N, Pan Z, Mao G, Liu Y, Li J, Wang P, Wang J, Zhu B, Zhang Y. Compositional and functional differences in human gut microbiome with respect to equol production and its association with blood lipid level: a cross-sectional study. Gut Pathog 2019; 11:20. [PMID: 31168326 PMCID: PMC6509798 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-019-0297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gut microbiota affects lipid metabolism interactively with diet. Equol, a metabolite of isoflavones produced by gut bacteria, may contribute substantially in beneficial lipid-lowering effects. This study aimed to examine equol production-related gut microbiota differences among humans and its consequent association with blood lipid levels. Results Characterization of the gut microbiota by deep shotgun sequencing and serum lipid profiles were compared between equol producers and non-producers. Gut microbiota differed significantly at the community level between equol producers and non-producers (P = 0.0062). At the individual level, 32 species associated with equol production were identified. Previously reported equol-producing related species Adlercreutzia equolifaciens and Bifidobacterium bifidum showed relatively higher abundance in this study in equol producers compared to non-producers (77.5% vs. 22.5%; 72.0% vs. 28.0%, respectively). Metabolic pathways also showed significant dissimilarity between equol producers and non-producers (P = 0.001), and seven metabolic pathways were identified to be associated with the equol concentration in urine. Previously reported equol production-related gene sequences in A. equolifaciens 19450T showed higher relative abundance in equol producers than in non-producers. Additionally, we found that equol production was significantly associated with the prevalence of dyslipidemia, including a marginal increase in serum lipids (27.1% vs. 50.0%, P = 0.02). Furthermore, equol production was not determined by intake of soy isoflavones, which suggested that gut microbiota is critical in the equol production process. Conclusion Both content and functioning of the microbial gut community significantly differed between equol producers and non-producers. Further, equol producers showed lower prevalences of dyslipidemia, which suggests the important role that equol might play in lipid metabolism by gut microbiota. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13099-019-0297-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Ma
- 3CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beichen West Road 1, Haidian District, Beijing, 100101 China.,4University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Microbial Drug Resistance and Resistome, Beijing, China
| | - Ai Zhao
- 2Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tingchao He
- 6Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Na Lyu
- 3CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beichen West Road 1, Haidian District, Beijing, 100101 China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Microbial Drug Resistance and Resistome, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqi Pan
- 6Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Geqi Mao
- 6Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Yan Liu
- 6Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Jing Li
- 3CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beichen West Road 1, Haidian District, Beijing, 100101 China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Microbial Drug Resistance and Resistome, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyu Wang
- 2Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- 3CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beichen West Road 1, Haidian District, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- 3CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beichen West Road 1, Haidian District, Beijing, 100101 China.,4University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Microbial Drug Resistance and Resistome, Beijing, China.,7Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,8Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Zhongshan Road, Luzhou, Sichuan China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- 6Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, China
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Cardiovascular sexual dimorphism in a diet-induced type 2 diabetes rodent model, the Nile rat (Arvicanthis niloticus). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208987. [PMID: 30589871 PMCID: PMC6307866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Nile rat (Arvicanthis niloticus) is an emerging laboratory model of type 2 diabetes. When fed standard rodent chow, the majority of males progress from hyperinsulinemia by 2 months to hyperglycemia by 6 months, while most females remain at the hyperinsulinemia-only stage (prediabetic) from 2 months onward. Since diabetic cardiomyopathy is the major cause of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-related mortality, we examined whether sexual dimorphism might entail cardiac functional changes. Our ultimate goal was to isolate the effect of diet as a modifiable lifestyle factor. Materials and methods Nile rats were fed either standard rodent chow (Chow group) or a high-fiber diet previously established to prevent type 2 diabetes (Fiber group). Cardiac function was determined with echocardiography at 12 months of age. To isolate the effect of diet alone, only the small subset of animals resistant to both hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia were included in this study. Results In males, Chow (compared to Fiber) was associated with elevated heart rate and mitral E/A velocity ratio, and with lower e’-wave velocity, isovolumetric relaxation time, and ejection time. Of note, these clinically atypical types of diastolic dysfunction occurred independently of body weight. In contrast, females did not exhibit changes in cardiovascular function between diets. Conclusions The higher prevalence of T2DM in males correlates with their susceptibility to develop subtle diastolic cardiac dysfunction when fed a Western style diet (throughout most of their lifespan) despite no systemic evidence of metabolic syndrome, let alone T2DM.
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Cortés-Martín A, García-Villalba R, González-Sarrías A, Romo-Vaquero M, Loria-Kohen V, Ramírez-de-Molina A, Tomás-Barberán FA, Selma MV, Espín JC. The gut microbiota urolithin metabotypes revisited: the human metabolism of ellagic acid is mainly determined by aging. Food Funct 2018; 9:4100-4106. [PMID: 30004553 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00956b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Understanding individuals' response to dietary bioactives is crucial for personalized nutrition. We report here for the first time in a Caucasian cohort (5-90 years, n = 839) that aging is the main factor that determines the gut microbiota involved in the ellagic acid-ellagitannin metabolism (urolithin metabotypes), with potential consequences for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cortés-Martín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
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Cortés-Martín A, Selma MV, Espín JC, García-Villalba R. The Human Metabolism of Nuts Proanthocyanidins does not Reveal Urinary Metabolites Consistent with Distinctive Gut Microbiota Metabotypes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 63:e1800819. [PMID: 30444059 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The stratification of individuals according to their gut microbiota metabotypes is crucial to understand the polyphenols health effects as reported for isoflavones and ellagitannins. To date, the existence of human gut microbiota metabotypes associated with proanthocyanidins (PAs) catabolism remains unclear. METHODS & RESULTS Sixty-eight healthy volunteers (40 adolescents and 28 adults) consumed a mixture of walnuts, almonds, and hazelnuts for 3 days, providing 163.65 ± 11.74 mg of PAs. Urine samples were analyzed by ultra-performance LC-ESI-quadrupole time-of-flight. Twenty-one isomers of conjugated valerolactones and valeric acids were identified, which derived from six valerolactone and valeric acid precursors after analysis of hydrolyzed urine. This combined approach allowed discrimination between the inter-individual variability related to phase-II enzymes polymorphisms and the metabolism of PAs by the gut microbiota. No associations of PAs metabolism with gender, age, BMI, or ellagitannin metabotypes were found. Different quantitative excretion was observed after multivariate analysis but not true gut microbiota metabotypes associated with PAs catabolism. CONCLUSIONS The metabolism of PAs does not reveal urinary metabolites consistent with distinctive gut microbiota metabotypes. The quantitative excretion of metabolites is inadequate to stratify individuals due to the strong influence of external factors (source, quantity, and time of the last intake of PAs, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Cortés-Martín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Victoria Selma
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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44
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Tresserra-Rimbau A, Lamuela-Raventos RM, Moreno JJ. Polyphenols, food and pharma. Current knowledge and directions for future research. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 156:186-195. [PMID: 30086286 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols are a large family of phytochemicals with great chemical diversity, known to be bioactive compounds of foods, species, medicinal plants and nutraceuticals. These compounds are ingested through the diet in significant amounts, around 1 g per day, an amount that be may be increased through supplements. The in vitro action of many representative polyphenols has been reported. However, their beneficial effects and their role in modulating the risk of high-prevalence diseases are difficult to demonstrate due to the wide variability of polyphenol structures and bioactive actions; the complexity of estimating the polyphenol content of food as a result of their variability in foods and cooked dishes; the potential modulation of the effects of polyphenols by food matrices; the addition of polyphenols and their synergistic interactions with each other and with other dietary bioactive components; the modulation of polyphenol bioavailability as a consequence of food composition and culinary techniques; their metabolism by the human body and the polyphenol gut microbiota metabolism in each metabotypes. Computational strategies, including virtual screening, shape-similarity-screening and molecular docking, were recently used to identify potential targets of polyphenols and thus gain a better understanding of the therapeutic effects exerted of polyphenols and modify natural polyphenol structures to potentiate specific activities. Here, we present the most relevant current knowledge and propose directions for future research in these fields, from the culinary world to the clinical setting. We hope this commentary will prompt scientists and clinicians to consider the therapeutic value of bioactive polyphenols and help shed some light on how much scientific truth lies in Hippocrates' famous quote: "Let your food be your medicine".
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tresserra-Rimbau
- Human Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Pere Virgili Health Research Center, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M Lamuela-Raventos
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan J Moreno
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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García-Mateos D, García-Villalba R, Otero JA, Marañón JA, Espín JC, Álvarez AI, Merino G. An altered tissue distribution of flaxseed lignans and their metabolites in Abcg2 knockout mice. Food Funct 2018; 9:636-642. [PMID: 29292449 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01549f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lignans are dietary polyphenols, which are metabolized by gut microbiota into the phytoestrogenic metabolites enterolignans, mainly enterolactone and enterodiol. Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP/ABCG2) is an efflux transporter that affects the plasma and milk secretion of several drugs and natural compounds. We hypothesized here that Abcg2 could influence the levels of lignans and their derived metabolites in target tissues. Consequently, we aimed to evaluate the role of Abcg2 in the tissue distribution of these compounds. We used Abcg2-/- knockout and wild-type male mice fed with a lignan-enriched diet for one week and analysed their plasma, small intestine, colon, liver, kidneys and testicles. High levels of lignans as well as enterolignans and their glucuronide and sulfate conjugates in the small intestine and colon were detected, with higher concentrations of the conjugates in the wild-type compared with Abcg2-/- mice. Particularly relevant was the detection of 24-fold and 8-fold higher concentrations of enterolactone-sulfate and enterolactone-glucuronide, respectively, in the kidney of Abcg2-/- compared with wild-type mice. In conclusion, our study showed that lignans and their derived metabolites were in vivo substrates of Abcg2, which affected their plasma and tissue levels. These results highlight the role of Abcg2 in influencing the health-beneficial properties of dietary lignans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafne García-Mateos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences - Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Leon, 24071 Campus de Vegazana, León, Spain.
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Subramaniam A, Landstrom M, Luu A, Hayes KC. The Nile Rat (Arvicanthis niloticus) as a Superior Carbohydrate-Sensitive Model for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10020235. [PMID: 29463026 PMCID: PMC5852811 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial disease involving complex genetic and environmental interactions. No single animal model has so far mirrored all the characteristics or complications of diabetes in humans. Since this disease represents a chronic nutritional insult based on a diet bearing a high glycemic load, the ideal model should recapitulate the underlying dietary issues. Most rodent models have three shortcomings: (1) they are genetically or chemically modified to produce diabetes; (2) unlike humans, most require high-fat feeding; (3) and they take too long to develop diabetes. By contrast, Nile rats develop diabetes rapidly (8-10 weeks) with high-carbohydrate (hiCHO) diets, similar to humans, and are protected by high fat (with low glycemic load) intake. This review describes diabetes progression in the Nile rat, including various aspects of breeding, feeding, and handling for best experimental outcomes. The diabetes is characterized by a striking genetic permissiveness influencing hyperphagia and hyperinsulinemia; random blood glucose is the best index of disease progression; and kidney failure with chronic morbidity and death are outcomes, all of which mimic uncontrolled T2DM in humans. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), also described in diabetic humans, results from hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol accumulation associated with rising blood glucose. Protection is afforded by low glycemic load diets rich in certain fibers or polyphenols. Accordingly, the Nile rat provides a unique opportunity to identify the nutritional factors and underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms that characterize human T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alice Luu
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA.
| | - K C Hayes
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA.
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Monteiro NE, Queirós LD, Lopes DB, Pedro AO, Macedo GA. Impact of microbiota on the use and effects of isoflavones in the relief of climacteric symptoms in menopausal women – A review. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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de Souza EL, de Albuquerque TMR, Dos Santos AS, Massa NML, de Brito Alves JL. Potential interactions among phenolic compounds and probiotics for mutual boosting of their health-promoting properties and food functionalities - A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:1645-1659. [PMID: 29377718 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1425285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several foods are rich sources of phenolic compounds (PC) and their beneficial effects on human health may be increased through the action of probiotics. Additionally, probiotics may use PC as substrates, increasing their survival and functionality. This review presents available studies on the effects of PC on probiotics, including their physiological functionalities, interactions and capability of surviving during exposure to gastrointestinal conditions and when incorporated into food matrices. Studies have shown that PC can improve the adhesion capacity and survival of probiotics during exposure to conditions that mimic the gastrointestinal tract. There is strong evidence that PC can modulate the composition of the gut microbiota in hosts, improving a variety of biochemical markers and risk factors for chronic diseases. Available literature also indicates that metabolites of PC formed by intestinal microorganisms, including probiotics, exert a variety of benefits on host health. These metabolites are typically more active than parental dietary PC. The presence of PC commonly enhances probiotic survival in different foods. Finally, further clinical studies need to be developed to confirm in vitro and experimental findings concerning the beneficial interactions among different PC and probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evandro Leite de Souza
- a Department of Nutrition , Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba , João Pessoa , Paraíba , Brazil
| | | | - Aldeir Sabino Dos Santos
- a Department of Nutrition , Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba , João Pessoa , Paraíba , Brazil
| | - Nayara Moreira Lacerda Massa
- a Department of Nutrition , Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba , João Pessoa , Paraíba , Brazil
| | - José Luiz de Brito Alves
- a Department of Nutrition , Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba , João Pessoa , Paraíba , Brazil
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Braune A, Blaut M. Evaluation of inter-individual differences in gut bacterial isoflavone bioactivation in humans by PCR-based targeting of genes involved in equol formation. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 124:220-231. [PMID: 29055162 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To identify human subjects harbouring intestinal bacteria that bioactivate daidzein to equol using a targeted PCR-based approach. METHODS AND RESULTS In a pilot study including 17 human subjects, equol formation was determined in faecal slurries. In parallel, faecal DNA was amplified by PCR using degenerate primers that target highly conserved regions of dihydrodaidzein reductase and tetrahydrodaidzein reductase genes. PCR products of the expected size were observed for six of the eight subjects identified as equol producers. Analysis of clone libraries revealed the amplification of sequences exclusively related to Adlercreutzia equolifaciens in four of the subjects tested positive for equol formation, whereas in three of the equol producers, only sequences related to Slackia isoflavoniconvertens were observed. No amplicons were obtained for one equol-forming subject, thus suggesting the presence of nontargeted alternative genes. Amplicons were only sporadically observed in the nonequol producers. CONCLUSION The majority of human subjects who produced equol were also detected with the developed PCR-based approach. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The obtained results shed light on the distribution and the diversity of known equol-forming bacterial species in the study group and indicate the presence of as yet unknown equol-forming bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Braune
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - M Blaut
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
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The gut microbiota: A key factor in the therapeutic effects of (poly)phenols. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 139:82-93. [PMID: 28483461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
(Poly)phenols (PPs) constitute a large family of phytochemicals with high chemical diversity that are known to be active principles of plant-derived nutraceuticals and herbal medicinal products. Their pharmacological activity, however, is difficult to demonstrate due to their mild physiological effects, and to the large inter-individual variability observed. Many PPs have little bioavailability and reach the colon almost unaltered. There they encounter the gut microbes resulting in a two-way interaction in which PPs modulate the gut microbiota composition, and the intestinal microbes catabolize the ingested PPs to release metabolites that are often more active and better absorbed than the native phenolic compounds. The type and quantity of the PP metabolites produced in humans depend on the gut microbiota composition and function, and different metabotypes have been identified. However, not all the metabolites have the same biological activity, and therefore the final health effects of dietary PPs depend on the gut microbiota composition. Stratification in clinical trials according to individuals' metabotypes is necessary to fully understand the health effects of PPs. In this review, we present and discuss the most significant and updated knowledge regarding the reciprocal interrelation of the gut microbiota with dietary PPs as a key factor that modulates the health effects of these compounds. The review will focus in those PPs that are known to be metabolized by gut microbiota resulting in bioactive metabolites.
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