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Özdemir İ, Ganji S, Gillen J, Etyemez S, Považan M, Barker PB. Downfield proton MRSI with whole-brain coverage at 3T. Magn Reson Med 2023; 90:814-822. [PMID: 37249071 PMCID: PMC10330175 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a 3D downfield (DF) MRSI protocol with whole brain coverage and post-processing pipeline for creation of metabolite maps. METHODS A 3D, circularly phase-encoded version of the previously developed 2D DF MRSI sequence with1 3 ‾ 3 1 ‾ $$ 1\overline{3}3\overline{1} $$ spectral-spatial excitation and frequency selective refocusing was implemented and tested in five healthy volunteers at 3T. The DF metabolite maps with a nominal spatial resolution of 0.7 cm3 were recorded in eight slices at 3T in a scan time of 22 m 40 s. An MRSI post-processing pipeline was developed to create DF metabolite maps. Metabolite concentrations and uncertainty estimates were compared between region differences for nine DF peaks. RESULTS LCModel analysis showed Cramer Rao lower bounds average values of 3%-4% for protein amide resonances in the three selected regions (anterior cingulate, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and centrum semiovale); Cramer Rao lower bounds were somewhat higher for individual peaks but for the most part were less than 20%. While DF concentration maps were visually quite homogeneous throughout the brain, general linear regression analysis corrected for multiple comparisons found significant differences between centrum semiovale and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for peaks at 7.09 ppm (p = 0.014), 7.90 ppm (p = 0.009), 8.18 ppm (p = 0.009), combined amides (p = 0.009), and between anterior cingulate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for the 7.30 ppm peak (p = 0.020). Cramer Rao lower bounds values were not significantly different between brain regions for any of the DF peaks. CONCLUSION The 3D DF MRSI of the human brain at 3T with wide spatial coverage for the mapping of exchangeable amide and other resonances is feasible at a nominal spatial resolution of 0.7 cm3 .
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Affiliation(s)
- İpek Özdemir
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Joseph Gillen
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F.M. Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Semra Etyemez
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Peter B. Barker
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F.M. Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Özdemir İ, Ganji S, Joseph Gillen BS, Etyemez S, Považan M, Barker PB. Downfield Proton MRSI with whole-brain coverage at 3T. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.27.525726. [PMID: 36747802 PMCID: PMC9900941 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.27.525726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To develop a 3D downfield magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (DF-MRSI) protocol with whole brain coverage and post-processing pipeline for creation of metabolite maps. Methods A 3D, circularly phase-encoded version of the previously developed 2D DF-MRSI sequence with spectral-spatial excitation and frequency selective refocusing was implemented and tested in 5 healthy volunteers at 3T. Downfield metabolite maps with a nominal spatial resolution of 0.7 cm 3 were recorded in 8 slices at 3T in a scan time of 22m 40s. An MRSI post-processing pipeline was developed to create DF metabolite maps. Metabolite concentrations and uncertainty estimates were compared between region differences for nine downfield peaks. Results LCModel analysis showed CRLB average values of 3-4% for protein amide resonances in the three selected regions (anterior cingulate (ACC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and centrum semiovale (CSO)); CRLBs were somewhat higher for individual peaks but for the most part were less than 20%. While DF concentration maps were visually quite homogeneous throughout the brain, general linear regression analysis corrected for multiple comparisons found significant differences between CSO and DLPFC for peaks at 7.09 ppm (p= 0.014), 7.90 ppm (p=0.009), 8.18 ppm (p=0.009), combined amides (p=0.009), and between ACC and DLPFC for the 7.30 ppm peak (p=0.020). CRLB values were not significantly different between brain regions for any of the DF peaks. Conclusion 3D DF-MRSI of the human brain at 3T with wide spatial coverage for the mapping of exchangeable amide and other resonances is feasible at a nominal spatial resolution of 0.7 cm 3 .
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Mooshekhian A, Sandini T, Wei Z, Van Bruggen R, Li H, Li XM, Zhang Y. Low‑field magnetic stimulation improved cuprizone‑induced depression‑like symptoms and demyelination in female mice. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:210. [PMID: 35126713 PMCID: PMC8796645 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common and disabling comorbidity of multiple sclerosis (MS), with currently no clear guidelines for treatment. Low-field magnetic stimulation (LFMS), a novel non-invasive neuromodulation intervention, has been previously demonstrated to rapidly alleviate mood disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of LFMS on depression-like behaviors and demyelination in a well-established mouse model of MS. C57BL/6 female mice were fed a 0.2% cuprizone (CPZ) diet for 3 or 6 weeks to induce acute demyelination. During this time, the mice were treated with either sham or LFMS for 20 min/day, 5 days/week. After 3 or 6 weeks of treatment, behavior was assessed with the open field task, Y-maze and the forced swim test. The prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were then collected to perform immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis to verify myelination status. The CPZ diet did not cause significant locomotor deficits; however, working memory, measured using the Y maze, depression-like behavior and adaptive learning, assayed using the forced swim test, were significantly impaired in these animals. LFMS treatment demonstrated a significant antidepressant-like effect and markedly attenuated the CPZ-induced demyelination in the prefrontal cortex after 3- and 6-weeks of treatment, as observed by changes in myelin basic protein immunostaining and western blot analysis. Therefore, the results of the present study indicated that LFMS may be a promising therapy for demyelinating diseases due to the improvement of depressive symptoms via regulation of myelination in cortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mooshekhian
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, USA
| | - Thaisa Sandini
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Zelan Wei
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, USA
| | - Rebekah Van Bruggen
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Haibo Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Xin-Min Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, USA
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4
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Vestergaard MB, Ghanizada H, Lindberg U, Arngrim N, Paulson OB, Gjedde A, Ashina M, Larsson HBW. Human Cerebral Perfusion, Oxygen Consumption, and Lactate Production in Response to Hypoxic Exposure. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:1295-1306. [PMID: 34448827 PMCID: PMC8924433 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to moderate hypoxia in humans leads to cerebral lactate production, which occurs even when the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) is unaffected. We searched for the mechanism of this lactate production by testing the hypothesis of upregulation of cerebral glycolysis mediated by hypoxic sensing. Describing the pathways counteracting brain hypoxia could help us understand brain diseases associated with hypoxia. A total of 65 subjects participated in this study: 30 subjects were exposed to poikilocapnic hypoxia, 14 were exposed to isocapnic hypoxia, and 21 were exposed to carbon monoxide (CO). Using this setup, we examined whether lactate production reacts to an overall reduction in arterial oxygen concentration or solely to reduced arterial oxygen partial pressure. We measured cerebral blood flow (CBF), CMRO2, and lactate concentrations by magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. CBF increased (P < 10-4), whereas the CMRO2 remained unaffected (P > 0.076) in all groups, as expected. Lactate increased in groups inhaling hypoxic air (poikilocapnic hypoxia: $0.0136\ \frac{\mathrm{mmol}/\mathrm{L}}{\Delta{\mathrm{S}}_{\mathrm{a}}{\mathrm{O}}_2}$, P < 10-6; isocapnic hypoxia: $0.0142\ \frac{\mathrm{mmol}/\mathrm{L}}{\Delta{\mathrm{S}}_{\mathrm{a}}{\mathrm{O}}_2}$, P = 0.003) but was unaffected by CO (P = 0.36). Lactate production was not associated with reduced CMRO2. These results point toward a mechanism of lactate production by upregulation of glycolysis mediated by sensing a reduced arterial oxygen pressure. The released lactate may act as a signaling molecule engaged in vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Vestergaard
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine, and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Glostrup 2600, Denmark
| | - Hashmat Ghanizada
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Glostrup 2600, Denmark
| | - Ulrich Lindberg
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine, and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Glostrup 2600, Denmark
| | - Nanna Arngrim
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Glostrup 2600, Denmark
| | - Olaf B Paulson
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.,Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Messoud Ashina
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Glostrup 2600, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Henrik B W Larsson
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine, and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Glostrup 2600, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
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5
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Cuypers K, Marsman A. Transcranial magnetic stimulation and magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Opportunities for a bimodal approach in human neuroscience. Neuroimage 2020; 224:117394. [PMID: 32987106 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been an increasing number of studies combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). MRS provides a manner to non-invasively investigate molecular concentrations in the living brain and thus identify metabolites involved in physiological and pathological processes. Particularly the MRS-detectable metabolites glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter, are of interest when combining TMS and MRS. TMS is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that can be applied either as a neuromodulation or neurostimulation tool, specifically targeting glutamatergic and GABAergic mechanisms. The combination of TMS and MRS can be used to evaluate alterations in brain metabolite levels following an interventional TMS protocol such as repetitive TMS (rTMS) or paired associative stimulation (PAS). MRS can also be combined with a variety of non-interventional TMS protocols to identify the interplay between brain metabolite levels and measures of excitability or receptor-mediated inhibition and facilitation. In this review, we provide an overview of studies performed in healthy and patient populations combining MRS and TMS, both as a measurement tool and as an intervention. TMS and MRS may reveal complementary and comprehensive information on glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission. Potentially, connectivity changes and dedicated network interactions can be probed using the combined TMS-MRS approach. Considering the ongoing technical developments in both fields, combined studies hold future promise for investigations of brain network interactions and neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Cuypers
- Department of Movement Sciences, Group Biomedical Sciences, Movement Control & Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; REVAL Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Building A, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Anouk Marsman
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Section 714, Kettegård Allé 30, 26500 Hvidovre, Denmark.
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Wilson M, Andronesi O, Barker PB, Bartha R, Bizzi A, Bolan PJ, Brindle KM, Choi IY, Cudalbu C, Dydak U, Emir UE, Gonzalez RG, Gruber S, Gruetter R, Gupta RK, Heerschap A, Henning A, Hetherington HP, Huppi PS, Hurd RE, Kantarci K, Kauppinen RA, Klomp DWJ, Kreis R, Kruiskamp MJ, Leach MO, Lin AP, Luijten PR, Marjańska M, Maudsley AA, Meyerhoff DJ, Mountford CE, Mullins PG, Murdoch JB, Nelson SJ, Noeske R, Öz G, Pan JW, Peet AC, Poptani H, Posse S, Ratai EM, Salibi N, Scheenen TWJ, Smith ICP, Soher BJ, Tkáč I, Vigneron DB, Howe FA. Methodological consensus on clinical proton MRS of the brain: Review and recommendations. Magn Reson Med 2019; 82:527-550. [PMID: 30919510 PMCID: PMC7179569 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proton MRS (1 H MRS) provides noninvasive, quantitative metabolite profiles of tissue and has been shown to aid the clinical management of several brain diseases. Although most modern clinical MR scanners support MRS capabilities, routine use is largely restricted to specialized centers with good access to MR research support. Widespread adoption has been slow for several reasons, and technical challenges toward obtaining reliable good-quality results have been identified as a contributing factor. Considerable progress has been made by the research community to address many of these challenges, and in this paper a consensus is presented on deficiencies in widely available MRS methodology and validated improvements that are currently in routine use at several clinical research institutions. In particular, the localization error for the PRESS localization sequence was found to be unacceptably high at 3 T, and use of the semi-adiabatic localization by adiabatic selective refocusing sequence is a recommended solution. Incorporation of simulated metabolite basis sets into analysis routines is recommended for reliably capturing the full spectral detail available from short TE acquisitions. In addition, the importance of achieving a highly homogenous static magnetic field (B0 ) in the acquisition region is emphasized, and the limitations of current methods and hardware are discussed. Most recommendations require only software improvements, greatly enhancing the capabilities of clinical MRS on existing hardware. Implementation of these recommendations should strengthen current clinical applications and advance progress toward developing and validating new MRS biomarkers for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wilson
- Centre for Human Brain Health and School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England
| | - Ovidiu Andronesi
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter B Barker
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert Bartha
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Alberto Bizzi
- U.O. Neuroradiologia, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Patrick J Bolan
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Kevin M Brindle
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | - In-Young Choi
- Department of Neurology, Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Cristina Cudalbu
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Dydak
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Uzay E Emir
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Ramon G Gonzalez
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephan Gruber
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rolf Gruetter
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Center for Biomedical Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rakesh K Gupta
- Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Arend Heerschap
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Anke Henning
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Petra S Huppi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ralph E Hurd
- Stanford Radiological Sciences Lab, Stanford, California
| | - Kejal Kantarci
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Risto A Kauppinen
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
| | | | - Roland Kreis
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Martin O Leach
- CRUK Cancer Imaging Centre, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, England
| | - Alexander P Lin
- Center for Clinical Spectroscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Małgorzata Marjańska
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Dieter J Meyerhoff
- DVA Medical Center and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Paul G Mullins
- Bangor Imaging Unit, School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, Wales
| | | | - Sarah J Nelson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Gülin Öz
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Julie W Pan
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew C Peet
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England
| | - Harish Poptani
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England
| | - Stefan Posse
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Eva-Maria Ratai
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nouha Salibi
- MR R&D, Siemens Healthineers, Malvern, Pennsylvania
| | - Tom W J Scheenen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Brian J Soher
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ivan Tkáč
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Franklyn A Howe
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, London, England
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7
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Nassirpour S, Chang P, Kirchner T, Henning A. Over-discretized SENSE reconstruction and B 0 correction for accelerated non-lipid-suppressed 1 H FID MRSI of the human brain at 9.4 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:e4014. [PMID: 30334288 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to use post-processing methods to improve the data quality of metabolite maps acquired on the human brain at 9.4 T with accelerated acquisition schemes. This was accomplished by combining an improved sensitivity encoding (SENSE) reconstruction with a B0 correction of spatially over-discretized magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) data. Since MRSI scans suffer from long scan duration, investigating different acceleration techniques has recently been the focus of several studies. Due to strong B0 inhomogeneity and strict specific absorption rate (SAR) limitations at ultra-high fields, the use of a low-SAR sequence combined with an acceleration technique that is compatible with dynamic B0 shim updating is preferable. Hence, in this study, a non-lipid-suppressed ultra-short TE and TR1 H free induction decay MRSI sequence is combined with an in-plane SENSE acceleration technique to obtain high-resolution metabolite maps in a clinically feasible scan time. One of the major issues in applying parallel imaging techniques to non-lipid-suppressed MRSI is the presence of strong lipid aliasing artifacts, which if not thoroughly resolved will hinder the accurate quantification of the metabolites of interest. To achieve a more robust reconstruction, an over-discretized SENSE reconstruction (with direct control over the shape of the spatial response function) was combined with an over-discretized B0 correction. This method is compared with conventional SENSE reconstruction for seven acceleration schemes on four healthy volunteers. The over-discretized method consistently outperformed conventional SENSE, resulting in an average of 23 ± 1.2% higher signal-to-noise ratio and 8 ± 2.9% less error in the fitting of the N-acetylaspartate signal over a whole brain slice. The highest achievable acceleration factor with the proposed technique was determined to be 4. Finally, using the over-discretized method, high-resolution (97 μL nominal voxel size) metabolite maps can be acquired in 3.75 min at 9.4 T. This enables the acquisition of high-resolution metabolite maps with more spatial coverage at ultra-high fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Nassirpour
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
- IMPRS for Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience, Eberhard-Karls University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Paul Chang
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH, Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anke Henning
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH, Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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8
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Kuang H, Duong A, Jeong H, Zachos K, Andreazza AC. Lactate in bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 72:546-555. [PMID: 29726068 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a debilitating mood disorder with no specific biological marker. No novel treatment has been developed specifically for BD in the last several decades. Although the pathophysiology of BD remains unclear, there is strong evidence in the literature supporting the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in BD. In this systematic review, we identified and investigated 12 studies that measure lactate, which is a direct marker for mitochondrial dysfunction, in BD patients and healthy controls. Six studies measured lactate levels in the brain through proton echo-planar spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy and five of these studies reported significantly elevated lactate levels in patients with BD. Two studies reporting cerebrospinal fluid lactate levels also found significantly elevated lactate in BD compared to healthy controls. Two other studies that reported peripheral lactate levels did not demonstrate significant findings. The meta-analysis, using standardized means and a random-effect model for five studies that measured brain lactate levels, corroborated the findings of the systematic review. Although the meta-analysis had a nearly significant overall effect (Z = 1.97, P = 0.05), high statistical heterogeneity (I2 = 86%) and possible publication bias suggest that the results should be interpreted with caution. To validate lactate abnormalities in BD, further studies should be carried out, including larger sample sizes, not excluding female patients, and using standardized methodologies. Peripheral lactate levels and other bioenergetic markers should be thoroughly studied to better understand the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in BD and to help develop more objective diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hyunjin Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kassandra Zachos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ana C Andreazza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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9
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Gillson G, Richards TL, Smith RB, Wright JV. A double-blind pilot study of the effect of Prokarin™ on fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/135245850200800107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this 12-week study with 29 subjects, the effect of Prokarin™ (n =22), a proprietary blend of histamine and caffeine, was compared to placebo group (n=7) for the following outcomes: 1) fatigue as measured by the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS); 2) lower limb function as measured by timed walk test; 3) upper limb function as measured by the pegboard test; 4) cognitive function as measured by the Paced Auditory Serial Additions Test (PASAT); 5) serum caffeine level; 6) change in brain chemistry as measured by quantitative magnetic resonance spectroscopy assay of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA); and 7) safety as measured by routine blood chemistry, TSH and urinalysis. Data were acquired at baseline, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The Prokarin™ group MFIS mean was significantly different from the mean of the placebo group at 12 weeks (df=24, t=2.08, P=<0.02), with respective means of 37.40, SD=15.18, for the Prokarin™ group and 53.2, SD=11.39 for the controls. For the secondary endpoints (PASAT, 25 foot timed walk, peg test, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy [MRS]), there were no significant differences between the Prokarin™-treated group and the placebo group. However, there were significant improvements within the Prokarin™ group for each of these measures for the pre- versus posttreatment comparison at 12 weeks. Serum caffeine data indicated that caffeine exerted no independent effect on performance. No laboratory abnormalities were seen, and the treatment was well tolerated. Conclusion: There was a modest-size statistical effect of Prokarin ™ on fatigue in multiple sclerosis (MS) compared with the placebo group. A larger trial is warranted, based on this pilot study. Multiple Sclerosis (2002) 8, 30-35
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Gillson
- Life Diagnostics, 2210 2nd Street SW-Ste G100, Calgary,
Alberta T2S 3C3, Canada
| | - TL Richards
- Department of Radiology, Box 357115, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - RB Smith
- Electromedical Products International, Inc., Mineral
Wells, Texas 76067, USA
| | - JV Wright
- Tahoma Clinic, 515 W Harrison, Kent, Washington 98032,
USA
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10
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Al-Iedani O, Lechner-Scott J, Ribbons K, Ramadan S. Fast magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging techniques in human brain- applications in multiple sclerosis. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:17. [PMID: 28245815 PMCID: PMC5331701 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0323-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) is an important imaging tool that combines imaging and spectroscopic techniques. MRSI of the human brain has been beneficially applied to different clinical applications in neurology, particularly in neurooncology but also in multiple sclerosis, stroke and epilepsy. However, a major challenge in conventional MRSI is the longer acquisition time required for adequate signal to be collected. Fast MRSI of the brain in vivo is an alternative approach to reduce scanning time and make MRSI more clinically suitable.Fast MRSI can be categorised into spiral, echo-planar, parallel and turbo imaging techniques, each with its own strengths. After a brief introduction on the basics of non-invasive examination (1H-MRS) and localization techniques principles, different fast MRSI techniques will be discussed from their initial development to the recent innovations with particular emphasis on their capacity to record neurochemical changes in the brain in a variety of pathologies.The clinical applications of whole brain fast spectroscopic techniques, can assist in the assessment of neurochemical changes in the human brain and help in understanding the roles they play in disease. To give a good example of the utilities of these techniques in clinical context, MRSI application in multiple sclerosis was chosen. The available up to date and relevant literature is discussed and an outline of future research is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oun Al-Iedani
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Jeannette Lechner-Scott
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.,Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Lookout Road, New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Karen Ribbons
- Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Lookout Road, New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Saadallah Ramadan
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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11
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Zhang Z, Shemesh N, Frydman L. Efficient spectroscopic imaging by an optimized encoding of pretargeted resonances. Magn Reson Med 2017; 77:511-519. [PMID: 26910285 PMCID: PMC5184843 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A "relaxation-enhanced" (RE) approach to acquire in vivo localized spectra with flat baselines and good sensitivity has been recently proposed. As RE MR spectroscopy (MRS) targets a subset of a priori known resonances, new possibilities arise to acquire spectroscopic imaging data in faster, more efficient manners. This is hereby illustrated by Spectroscopically Encoded Chemical Shift Imaging (SECSI). METHODS SECSI delivers spectral/spatial correlations by collecting gradient echo trains whose timings are defined by the shifts of the resonances to be disentangled. Condition number considerations allow one to unravel these image contributions for various sites by a simple matrix inversion. The efficiency of the ensuing method is high enough to enable a sampling of additional spatial axes by means of their phase encoding in spin-echo trains. RESULTS The one-dimensional (1D) spectral / 2D spatial SECSI acquisitions were implemented on phantom, ex vivo, and in vivo models. In all cases, quality site-resolved images were obtained. The experimentally observed enhancements were consistent with theoretical signal-to-noise ratio derivations. CONCLUSION While still bound by MRSI's sensitivity limitations, a novel spectroscopic imaging protocol exploiting a priori information, selective excitations and multiple echo encodings, was proposed and demonstrated. The method is promising when dealing with high T2 / T2* ratios, sparse data, or hyperpolarization studies. Magn Reson Med 77:511-519, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Noam Shemesh
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lucio Frydman
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Sándor PS, Dydak U, Schoenen J, Kollias SS, Hess K, Boesiger P, Agosti RM. MR-Spectroscopic Imaging during Visual Stimulation in Subgroups of Migraine with Aura. Cephalalgia 2016; 25:507-18. [PMID: 15955037 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2005.00900.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Migraine pathophysiology possibly involves deficient mitochondrial energy reserve and diminished cortical habituation. Using functional magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (fMRSI), we studied cortical lactate changes during prolonged visual stimulation to search for different pathophysiological mechanisms in clinically distinct subgroups of migraine with aura. Eleven healthy volunteers (HV) and 10 migraine patients were investigated interictally: five with visual aura (MA) and five with visual symptoms and at least one of the following: paraesthe-sia, paresis or dysphasia (MAplus). Using MRSI (Philips, 1.5 T) 1H-spectra were repeatedly obtained from a 25 mm-thick slice covering visual and non-visual cortex, with the first and fifth measurements in darkness and the second to fourth with 8-Hz checkerboard stimulation. In MAplus lactate increased only during stimulation, only in visual cortex; in MA resting lactate was high in visual cortex, without further increase during stimulation. This is compatible with an abnormal metabolic strain during stimulation in MAplus, possibly due to dishabituation, and a predominant mitochondrial dysfunction in MA.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Sándor
- Neurology Department, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
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Dong Z. Proton MRS and MRSI of the brain without water suppression. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 86-87:65-79. [PMID: 25919199 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Water suppression (WS) techniques have played a vital role in the commencement and development of in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS, including spectroscopic imaging - MRSI). WS not only made in vivo proton MRS functionally available but also made its applications conveniently accessible, and it has become an indispensable tool in most of the routine applications of in vivo proton MR spectroscopy. On the other hand, WS brought forth some challenges. Therefore, various techniques of proton MRS without WS have been developed since the pioneering work in the late 1990s. After more than one and a half decades of advances in both hardware and software, non-water-suppressed proton MRS is coming to the stage of maturity and seeing increasing application in biomedical research and clinical diagnosis. In this article, we will review progress in the technical development and applications of proton MRS without WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengchao Dong
- Division of Translational Imaging and MRI Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, USA; Division of Translational Imaging and MRI Unit, New York State Psychiatric Institute, USA.
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Rohan ML, Yamamoto RT, Ravichandran CT, Cayetano KR, Morales OG, Olson DP, Vitaliano G, Paul SM, Cohen BM. Rapid mood-elevating effects of low field magnetic stimulation in depression. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 76:186-93. [PMID: 24331545 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported rapid mood elevation following an experimental magnetic resonance imaging procedure in depressed patients with bipolar disorder (BPD). This prompted the design, construction, and testing of a portable electromagnetic device that reproduces only the rapidly oscillating (1 kHz, <1 V/m) electromagnetic field of the experimental procedure, called low field magnetic stimulation (LFMS). METHODS We used a randomized, double blind, sham controlled treatment protocol to study the effects of LFMS in a large group of stably medicated, depressed patients with either BPD (n = 41) or major depressive disorder (n = 22). Subjects received a single, 20-minute treatment. Change in mood was assessed immediately afterward using a visual analog scale (VAS), the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17), and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule scales. RESULTS Substantial improvement (>10% of baseline) in mood was observed following LFMS treatment relative to sham treatment for both diagnostic subgroups for our primary outcomes, the VAS and the HDRS-17. These differences were not statistically significant in primary analyses stratifying by diagnosis but were significant in secondary analyses combining data across the two diagnostic groups (p = .01 VAS, p = .02 HDRS-17). Rapid improvement in mood was also observed using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule scales as secondary measures (positive affect scale p = .02 BPD, p = .002 combined group). A finite element method calculation indicates a broad penetration of the LFMS electric field throughout the cerebral cortex. CONCLUSIONS Low field magnetic stimulation may produce rapid changes in mood using a previously unexplored range of electromagnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Rohan
- McLean Hospital and the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts.
| | - Rinah T Yamamoto
- McLean Hospital and the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Caitlin T Ravichandran
- Departments of Neuroscience (Mind and Brain Institute), Psychiatry, and Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Kenroy R Cayetano
- McLean Hospital and the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Oscar G Morales
- Departments of Neuroscience (Mind and Brain Institute), Psychiatry, and Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - David P Olson
- McLean Hospital and the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Gordana Vitaliano
- Departments of Neuroscience (Mind and Brain Institute), Psychiatry, and Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Steven M Paul
- Departments of Neuroscience (Mind and Brain Institute), Psychiatry, and Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Bruce M Cohen
- Departments of Neuroscience (Mind and Brain Institute), Psychiatry, and Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
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Luttje MP, Italiaander MGM, Arteaga de Castro CS, van der Kemp WJM, Luijten PR, van Vulpen M, van der Heide UA, Klomp DWJ. (31) P MR spectroscopic imaging combined with (1) H MR spectroscopic imaging in the human prostate using a double tuned endorectal coil at 7T. Magn Reson Med 2013; 72:1516-21. [PMID: 24357271 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Improved diagnostic sensitivity could be obtained in cancer detection and staging when individual compounds of the choline pool can be detected. Therefore, a novel coil design is proposed, providing the ability to acquire both (1) H and (31) P magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) in patients with prostate cancer. METHODS A two-element (1) H/(31) P endorectal coil was designed by adjusting a commercially available 3T endorectal coil. The two-element coil setup was interfaced as a transceiver to a whole body 7T MR scanner. Simulations and phantom measurements were performed to compare the efficiency of the coil. (1) H MRSI and (31) P MRSI were acquired in vivo in prostate cancer patients. RESULTS The efficiency of the (1) H/(31) P coil is comparable to the dual channel (1) H coil previously published. Individually distinguishable phospholipid metabolites in the in vivo (31) P spectra were: phosphoethanolamine, phosphocholine, phosphate, glycerophosphoethanolamine, glycerophosphocholine, phosphocreatine, and adenosine triposphate. (1) H MRSI was performed within the same scan session, visualizing choline, polyamines, creatine, and citrate. CONCLUSION (1) H MRSI and (31) P MRSI can be acquired in the human prostate at 7T within the same scan session using an endorectal coil matched and tuned for (1) H (quadrature) and (31) P (linear) without the need of cable traps and with negligible efficiency losses in the (1) H and (31) P channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariska P Luttje
- Imaging Division, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
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17
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Posse S, Otazo R, Dager SR, Alger J. MR spectroscopic imaging: Principles and recent advances. J Magn Reson Imaging 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.23945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Labadie C, Hetzer S, Schulz J, Mildner T, Aubert-Frécon M, Möller HE. Center-out echo-planar spectroscopic imaging with correction of gradient-echo phase and time shifts. Magn Reson Med 2012; 70:16-24. [PMID: 22847848 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A procedure to prevent the formation of image and spectral Nyquist ghosts in echo-planar spectroscopic imaging is introduced. It is based on a novel Cartesian center-out echo-planar spectroscopic imaging trajectory, referred to as EPSICO, and combined with a correction of the gradient-echo phase and time shifts. Processing of homogenous sets of forward and reflected echoes is no longer necessary, resulting in an optimized spectral width. The proposed center-out trajectory passively prevents the formation of Nyquist ghosts by privileging the acquisition of the center k-space line with forward echoes at the beginning of an echo-planar spectroscopic imaging dwell time and by ensuring that all k-space lines and their respective complex conjugates are acquired at equal time intervals. With the proposed procedure, concentrations of N-acetyl aspartate, creatine, choline, glutamate, and myo-inositol were reliably determined in human white matter at 3 T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Labadie
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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19
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Corrigan NM, Shaw DWW, Richards TL, Estes AM, Friedman SD, Petropoulos H, Artru AA, Dager SR. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and MRI reveal no evidence for brain mitochondrial dysfunction in children with autism spectrum disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2012; 42:105-15. [PMID: 21404085 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-011-1216-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Brain mitochondrial dysfunction has been proposed as an etiologic factor in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging ((1)HMRS) and MRI were used to assess for evidence of brain mitochondrial dysfunction in longitudinal samples of children with ASD or developmental delay (DD), and cross-sectionally in typically developing (TD) children at 3-4, 6-7 and 9-10 years-of-age. A total of 239 studies from 130 unique participants (54ASD, 22DD, 54TD) were acquired. (1)HMRS and MRI revealed no evidence for brain mitochondrial dysfunction in the children with ASD. Findings do not support a substantive role for brain mitochondrial abnormalities in the etiology or symptom expression of ASD, nor the widespread use of hyperbaric oxygen treatment that has been advocated on the basis of this proposed relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neva M Corrigan
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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20
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Further Commentary on Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Assessment and Treatment Considerations. J Autism Dev Disord 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-011-1352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Dager SR. The vexing role of baseline: Implications for neuroimaging studies of panic disorder. Int J Psychophysiol 2010; 78:20-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2010.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Revised: 01/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Corrigan NM, Richards TL, Friedman SD, Petropoulos H, Dager SR. Improving 1H MRSI measurement of cerebral lactate for clinical applications. Psychiatry Res 2010; 182:40-7. [PMID: 20236806 PMCID: PMC2846981 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Revised: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Accurate measurement of cerebral lactate is critical to the understanding of brain function for psychiatric disorders such as panic disorder and bipolar disorder as well as mitochondrial dysfunction. Proton magnetic spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) techniques can be used to study lactate in vivo; however, accurate measurement of cerebral lactate, which is normally at low basal abundance, can be challenging. In this study, regional lactate measurements obtained with two different MRSI analytic approaches were evaluated using proton echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (PEPSI) data from 18 healthy adults participating in an in vivo sodium lactate infusion study. The results demonstrate that averaging data within a region of interest (ROI) before spectral fitting with LCModel results in significantly improved lactate measurement as compared to averaging chemical concentrations derived from the fitting of individual voxels in the ROI. Simulation results that confirm this finding are also presented. This study additionally outlines an atlas-based approach for the systematic computation of regional distributions of chemical concentrations in large MRSI data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neva M. Corrigan
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA,Contact, Neva M. Corrigan, Ph.D., Neuroimaging Research Group, Department of Radiology, University of Washington, 1100 NE 45th St. Suite 555, Seattle, WA, 98105, , Telephone: 206-685-8404, Fax: 206-616-7791
| | - Todd L. Richards
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | | | | | - Stephen R. Dager
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
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Hwang D, Kim DH, Du YP. In vivo multi-slice mapping of myelin water content using T2* decay. Neuroimage 2010; 52:198-204. [PMID: 20398770 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2009] [Revised: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative assessment of the myelin water content in the brain can substantially improve our understanding of white matter diseases such as multiple sclerosis. In this study, in vivo myelin water content was estimated using T(2)* relaxation with multi-slice acquisitions in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The main advantages of using T(2)* relaxation are (1) a low specific absorption rate (SAR), which is especially beneficial for imaging at high field strengths, (2) a short first-echo time (approximately 2 ms) and short echo spacing (approximately 1 ms), which allows for the acquisition of multiple sampling points during the fast decay of the myelin water signal, and (3) fast multi-slice acquisitions. High-resolution and multi-slice myelin water fraction (MWF) maps were obtained in a clinically acceptable scan time at 3T. Five healthy adults were scanned with a multi-gradient-echo sequence to acquire T(2)* signal decay data. Images with a dimension of 256x256 at eight slice locations were acquired in 8.5 min with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 94.8 in the first-echo images. The SNR was further increased by using an anisotropic diffusion filter. Local field gradients (LFG) were estimated from the acquired multi-slice data, and the LFG-induced signal decays were corrected with a first-order approximation of LFG using the sinc function. The corrected T(2)* signal decays were analyzed with a three-pool model to quantify MWF. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of in vivo multi-slice mapping of MWF using multi-compartmental analysis of the T(2)* signal decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dosik Hwang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hwang D, Du YP. Improved myelin water quantification using spatially regularized non-negative least squares algorithm. J Magn Reson Imaging 2009; 30:203-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.21783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Research applications of magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate psychiatric disorders. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2009; 19:81-96. [PMID: 19363431 DOI: 10.1097/rmr.0b013e318181e0be] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Advances in magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) methodology and related analytic strategies allow sophisticated testing of neurobiological models of disease pathology in psychiatric disorders. An overview of principles underlying MRS, methodological considerations, and investigative approaches is presented. A review of recent research is presented that highlights innovative approaches applying MRS, in particular, hydrogen MRS, to systematically investigate specific psychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, panic disorder, major depression, and bipolar disorder.
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Hayashi K, Fujikawa M, Sawa T. Hyperventilation-induced hypocapnia changes the pattern of electroencephalographic bicoherence growth during sevoflurane anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 2008; 101:666-72. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aen269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Capizzano AA, Jorge RE, Acion LC, Robinson RG. In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with mood disorders: a technically oriented review. J Magn Reson Imaging 2008; 26:1378-89. [PMID: 17968885 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.21144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton MR spectroscopy (1HMRS) has been extensively used among mood disorders patients. A review of the published literature in 1HMRS studies of mood disorders was carried out for the period 1991 to July 2006. Of 71 1HMRS studies, 77.5% were done at 1.5T and 66.2% used single voxel sequences (SVS), implying limitations of spectral resolution and anatomic coverage, respectively. In all, 47.9% of studies relied on creatine (Cr) as internal signal standard, although Cr changes were reported in major depression (MD). Most reported metabolic alterations related to mood state affected the left frontal lobe. Depressed adult and pediatric MD patients had reduced glutamate (Glu) in frontal lobe regions, which reversed with successful treatment. A consistent reduction of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) was reported in the hippocampal formation among bipolar disorder (BD) patients, along with an increment in frontal Glu. The differences in results of 1HMRS studies in mood disorders reflect heterogeneity of technical factors and subject selection. Future studies should benefit from higher spectral resolution and more extensive anatomic coverage as well as standardized data-processing protocols and subject selection criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristides A Capizzano
- Psychiatry Department, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
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Tsai SY, Otazo R, Posse S, Lin YR, Chung HW, Wald LL, Wiggins GC, Lin FH. Accelerated proton echo planar spectroscopic imaging (PEPSI) using GRAPPA with a 32-channel phased-array coil. Magn Reson Med 2008; 59:989-98. [PMID: 18429025 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Yueh Tsai
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chapter 5.3 Experimental models: Panic and fear. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-7339(07)00019-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Dager SR, Friedman SD, Petropoulos H, Shaw DW. Imaging Evidence for Pathological Brain Development in Autism Spectrum Disorders. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-489-0_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Lin FH, Tsai SY, Otazo R, Caprihan A, Wald LL, Belliveau JW, Posse S. Sensitivity-encoded (SENSE) proton echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (PEPSI) in the human brain. Magn Reson Med 2007; 57:249-57. [PMID: 17260356 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) provides spatially resolved metabolite information that is invaluable for both neuroscience studies and clinical applications. However, lengthy data acquisition times, which are a result of time-consuming phase encoding, represent a major challenge for MRSI. Fast MRSI pulse sequences that use echo-planar readout gradients, such as proton echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (PEPSI), are capable of fast spectral-spatial encoding and thus enable acceleration of image acquisition times. Combining PEPSI with recent advances in parallel MRI utilizing RF coil arrays can further accelerate MRSI data acquisition. Here we investigate the feasibility of ultrafast spectroscopic imaging at high field (3T and 4T) by combining PEPSI with sensitivity-encoded (SENSE) MRI using eight-channel head coil arrays. We show that the acquisition of single-average SENSE-PEPSI data at a short TE (15 ms) can be accelerated to 32 s or less, depending on the field strength, to obtain metabolic images of choline (Cho), creatine (Cre), N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), and J-coupled metabolites (e.g., glutamate (Glu) and inositol (Ino)) with acceptable spectral quality and localization. The experimentally measured reductions in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) of metabolite resonances were well explained by both the g-factor and reduced measurement times. Thus, this technology is a promising means of reducing the scan times of 3D acquisitions and time-resolved 2D measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Hsuan Lin
- MGH-HMS-MIT Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown 02129, and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
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Rokni-Yazdi H, Sotoudeh H, Akhondzadeh S, Sotoudeh E, Asadi H, Shakiba M. Antidepressant-like effect of magnetic resonance imaging-based stimulation in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2007; 31:503-9. [PMID: 17218047 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2006] [Revised: 11/25/2006] [Accepted: 11/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It has been reported that a novel type of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan called echo planar magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (EP-MRSI) may show antidepressant effects. We examined whether the two routine diagnostic protocols of MRI [T1 and echo planar diffusion weighted imaging (EPI-DWI)], have antidepressant-like effects in an animal model of depression. METHODS The effects of standard EPI-DWI and T1 MRI on immobility, swimming and climbing times in the modified forced swimming test (FST) in mice were examined. After exposure to the first session of modified forced swimming test, we randomly divided the mice into four groups. The first group (T1 MRI group, n=21) received a 15-minute stimulation of T1 sequence. The second group (EPI-DWI MRI group, n=21) received a 15-minute stimulation of EPI-DWI protocol. The third group (sham group, n=21) spent 15 min in a tunnel similar to the MRI gantry in terms of size, temperature and light intensity and received recorded sounds from a normal session of EPI-DWI with similar duration and intensity. The fourth group acted as controls (n=21). The second session of the modified FST was conducted twelve hours later. The mean of immobility, swimming and climbing times in this session were compared to the control group. RESULTS T1 weighted and EPI-DWI MRI groups showed a reduction in immobility time compared to the control group (P value<0.002, P value<0.017 respectively). This effect is comparable to that seen in the FST after the administration of antidepressant agents. The climbing time in the group subjected to EPI-DWI MRI was longer than the control group (P value<0.035). Previous studies showed similar effects after the administration of antidepressant drugs affecting the catecholamine systems. The swimming time in the T1 MRI group was significantly longer than the control group (P value<0.037). Previous studies showed qualitatively similar effect to that of anti-depressant drugs affecting the serotoninergic systems. The swimming, climbing and immobility times in the sham and control groups showed no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS Our findings raise the possibility that MRI-based stimulation may have antidepressant-like effects in mice. This is likely to be through different mechanisms in T1 weighted and EPI-DWI protocols. However the possible biological basis of this effect is not yet understood and we would advocate further studies of MRI-based stimulation effects on transmitters in the different organs in the body specially the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Rokni-Yazdi
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran 14197-33141, Iran.
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Otazo R, Mueller B, Ugurbil K, Wald L, Posse S. Signal-to-noise ratio and spectral linewidth improvements between 1.5 and 7 Tesla in proton echo-planar spectroscopic imaging. Magn Reson Med 2007; 56:1200-10. [PMID: 17094090 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study characterizes gains in sensitivity and spectral resolution of proton echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (PEPSI) with increasing magnetic field strength (B(0)). Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) per unit volume and unit time, and intrinsic linewidth (LW) of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), and choline (Cho) were measured with PEPSI at 1.5, 3, 4, and 7 Tesla on scanners that shared a similar software and hardware platform, using circularly polarized (CP) and eight-channel phased-array (PA) head coils. Data were corrected for relaxation effects and processed with a time-domain matched filter (MF) adapted to each B(0). The SNR and LW measured with PEPSI were very similar to those measured with conventional point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) SI. Measurements with the CP coil demonstrated a nearly linear SNR gain with respect to B(0) in central brain regions. For the PA coil, the SNR-B(0) relationship was less than linear, but there was a substantial SNR increase in comparison to the CP coil. The LW in units of ppm decreased with B(0), resulting in improved spectral resolution. These studies using PEPSI demonstrated linear gains in SNR with respect to B(0), consistent with theoretical expectations, and a decrease in ppm LW with increasing B(0).
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Tsai SY, Posse S, Lin YR, Ko CW, Otazo R, Chung HW, Lin FH. Fast mapping of theT2 relaxation time of cerebral metabolites using proton echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (PEPSI). Magn Reson Med 2007; 57:859-65. [PMID: 17457864 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Metabolite T2 is necessary for accurate quantification of the absolute concentration of metabolites using long-echo-time (TE) acquisition schemes. However, lengthy data acquisition times pose a major challenge to mapping metabolite T2. In this study we used proton echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (PEPSI) at 3T to obtain fast T2 maps of three major cerebral metabolites: N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), creatine (Cre), and choline (Cho). We showed that PEPSI spectra matched T2 values obtained using single-voxel spectroscopy (SVS). Data acquisition for 2D metabolite maps with a voxel volume of 0.95 ml (32 x 32 image matrix) can be completed in 25 min using five TEs and eight averages. A sufficient spectral signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for T2 estimation was validated by high Pearson's correlation coefficients between logarithmic MR signals and TEs (R2 = 0.98, 0.97, and 0.95 for NAA, Cre, and Cho, respectively). In agreement with previous studies, we found that the T2 values of NAA, but not Cre and Cho, were significantly different between gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM; P < 0.001). The difference between the T2 estimates of the PEPSI and SVS scans was less than 9%. Consistent spatial distributions of T2 were found in six healthy subjects, and disagreement among subjects was less than 10%. In summary, the PEPSI technique is a robust method to obtain fast mapping of metabolite T2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Yueh Tsai
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Du YP, Chu R, Hwang D, Brown MS, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK, Singel D, Simon JH. Fast multislice mapping of the myelin water fraction using multicompartment analysis ofT2* decay at 3T: A preliminary postmortem study. Magn Reson Med 2007; 58:865-70. [PMID: 17969125 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiping P Du
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80010, USA.
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36
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Abstract
The ability to select a discrete region within the body for signal acquisition is a fundamental requirement of in vivo NMR spectroscopy. Ideally, it should be possible to tailor the selected volume to coincide exactly with the lesion or tissue of interest, without loss of signal from within this volume or contamination with extraneous signals. Many techniques have been developed over the past 25 years employing a combination of RF coil properties, static magnetic field gradients and pulse sequence design in an attempt to meet these goals. This review presents a comprehensive survey of these techniques, their various advantages and disadvantages, and implications for clinical applications. Particular emphasis is placed on the reliability of the techniques in terms of signal loss, contamination and the effect of nuclear relaxation and J-coupling. The survey includes techniques based on RF coil and pulse design alone, those using static magnetic field gradients, and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. Although there is an emphasis on techniques currently in widespread use (PRESS, STEAM, ISIS and MRSI), the review also includes earlier techniques, in order to provide historical context, and techniques that are promising for future use in clinical and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen F Keevil
- Department of Medical Physics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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Marshall I, Karaszewski B, Wardlaw JM, Cvoro V, Wartolowska K, Armitage PA, Carpenter T, Bastin ME, Farrall A, Haga K. Measurement of regional brain temperature using proton spectroscopic imaging: validation and application to acute ischemic stroke. Magn Reson Imaging 2006; 24:699-706. [PMID: 16824964 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2006.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2005] [Accepted: 02/05/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A magnetic resonance proton spectroscopic imaging (SI) technique was developed to measure regional brain temperatures in human subjects. The technique was validated in a homogeneous phantom and in four healthy volunteers. Simulations and calculations determined the theoretical measurement precision as approximately +/-0.3 degrees C for individual 1-ml voxels. In healthy volunteers, repeated measurements on individual voxels had an S.D. = 1.2 degrees C. In a clinical study, 40 patients with acute ischemic stroke were imaged within 26 h (mean, 10 h) of onset. Temperatures were highest in the region that appeared abnormal (i.e., ischemic) on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) compared with a normal-appearing brain. The mean temperature difference between the DWI "lesion" area and the "normal brain" was 0.17 degrees C [P < 10(-3); range, 2.45 degrees C (hotter)-2.17 degrees C (cooler)]. Noninvasive temperature measurement by SI has sufficient precision to be used in studies of pathophysiology in stroke and in other brain disorders and to monitor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Marshall
- SHEFC Brain Imaging Research Centre for Scotland, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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Gao Y, Strakowski SM, Reeves SJ, Hetherington HP, Chu WJ, Lee JH. Fast spectroscopic imaging using online optimal sparsek-space acquisition and projections onto convex sets reconstruction. Magn Reson Med 2006; 55:1265-71. [PMID: 16680731 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.20905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Long acquisition times, low resolution, and voxel contamination are major difficulties in the application of magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI). To overcome these difficulties, an online-optimized acquisition of k-space, termed sequential forward array selection (SFAS), was developed to reduce acquisition time without sacrificing spatial resolution. A 2D proton MRSI region of interest (ROI) was defined from a scout image and used to create a region of support (ROS) image. The ROS was then used to optimize and obtain a subset of k-space (i.e., a subset of nonuniform phase encodings) and hence reduce the acquisition time for MRSI. Reconstruction and processing software was developed in-house to process and reconstruct MRSI using the projections onto convex sets method. Phantom and in vivo studies showed that good-quality MRS images are obtainable with an approximately 80% reduction of data acquisition time. The reduction of the acquisition time depends on the area ratio of ROS to FOV (i.e., the smaller the ratio, the greater the time reduction). It is also possible to obtain higher-resolution MRS images within a reasonable time using this approach. MRSI with a resolution of 64 x 64 is possible with the acquisition time of the same as 24 x 24 using the traditional full k-space method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Gao
- Center for Imaging Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH 45267, USA
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Amundsen LB, Artru AA, Dager SR, Shaw DWW, Friedman S, Sparks B, Dawson G. Propofol sedation for longitudinal pediatric neuroimaging research. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2005; 17:180-92. [PMID: 16184061 DOI: 10.1097/01.ana.0000171734.63879.fd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There is disagreement about allowing propofol sedation for research magnetic resonance imaging/spectroscopy (MRI/MRS) in children. Our study is the first to provide relevant safety and efficacy data. With institutional approval, 108 research MRI/MRS procedures under propofol sedation were performed longitudinally on children at ages 3-4 years (N=59) and 6-7 years (N=49). Sedation parameters, physiological values, and outcome data were collected. Success rate for acquisition of satisfactory quality MRI/MRS during propofol sedation was compared with that in typically developing, age-matched sleeping children. Only 5 minor events (2 with need to insert an oral airway, 2 with premature termination of study, 1 with bradycardia not requiring treatment) and no major events occurred. These safety/efficacy data are equal to or better than previously reported with propofol for clinically indicated procedures. A high percentage of parents of children participating in MRI/MRS studies at 3-4 years of age returned with their child at 6-7 years of age, and longitudinal follow-up was not adversely impacted by their child's experience with sedation. The success rate of data acquisition was significantly higher during propofol sedation (98%) than during late-night sleep studies in typically developing children (30%-50%). We conclude that propofol sedation for research MRI/MRS is safe and effective when children of appropriate ASA class are selected, supplemental oxygen is delivered, and sedation and monitoring are done by an experienced anesthesiologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie B Amundsen
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195-6540, USA
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40
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Weis J, Courivaud F, Hansen MS, Johansson L, Ribe LR, Ahlström H. Lipid content in the musculature of the lower leg: evaluation with high-resolution spectroscopic imaging. Magn Reson Med 2005; 54:152-8. [PMID: 15968653 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.20518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel spectroscopic imaging method with high spectral and spatial resolution was developed for the specific goal of assessing muscle fat. Sensitivity to the methylene and methyl protons of fatty acids was improved by the use of a binomial 1 1 excitation pulse instead of the standard radiofrequency (RF) pulse. Acceptable measurement time is achieved by using a narrow spectral bandwidth (6 ppm). The spectral resolution is sufficient to resolve extramyocellular (EMCL) and intramyocellular (IMCL) lipids. A post-detection data processing scheme that permits correction of spectral artifacts caused by chemical shifts, spectral line aliasing, and magnetic field inhomogeneities is suggested. The lipid content in different lower leg muscles was evaluated. Muscle fiber orientation was taken into account in assessing quantities of EMCL and IMCL. The proposed technique allows small amounts of inhomogeneously distributed muscle lipids to be quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ján Weis
- MR Unit, Department of Radiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
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41
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Brown RP, Gerbarg PL. Sudarshan Kriya yogic breathing in the treatment of stress, anxiety, and depression: part I-neurophysiologic model. J Altern Complement Med 2005; 11:189-201. [PMID: 15750381 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2005.11.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mind-body interventions are beneficial in stress-related mental and physical disorders. Current research is finding associations between emotional disorders and vagal tone as indicated by heart rate variability. A neurophysiologic model of yogic breathing proposes to integrate research on yoga with polyvagal theory, vagal stimulation, hyperventilation, and clinical observations. Yogic breathing is a unique method for balancing the autonomic nervous system and influencing psychologic and stress-related disorders. Many studies demonstrate effects of yogic breathing on brain function and physiologic parameters, but the mechanisms have not been clarified. Sudarshan Kriya yoga (SKY), a sequence of specific breathing techniques (ujjayi, bhastrika, and Sudarshan Kriya) can alleviate anxiety, depression, everyday stress, post-traumatic stress, and stress-related medical illnesses. Mechanisms contributing to a state of calm alertness include increased parasympathetic drive, calming of stress response systems, neuroendocrine release of hormones, and thalamic generators. This model has heuristic value, research implications, and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Brown
- Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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Krainik A, Hund-Georgiadis M, Zysset S, von Cramon DY. Regional impairment of cerebrovascular reactivity and BOLD signal in adults after stroke. Stroke 2005; 36:1146-52. [PMID: 15879326 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.0000166178.40973.a7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Comparative studies across populations using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) rely on a similar relationship between blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal and neural activity. However, in elderly and patients with cerebrovascular disease, impaired cerebrovascular dynamics and neurovascular coupling may explain differences in BOLD contrast across populations and brain regions. The purpose of the study was to determine whether poststroke patients have regional heterogeneities of cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) and their potential influence on voxel-wise motor-related BOLD signal. METHODS Using fMRI, 8 fully recovered patients from stroke in the frontal lobe without cortical lesion in the regions of interest located in the primary sensorimotor cortex (SMC), supplementary motor area (SMA), and cerebellum (CRB) were compared with 8 healthy subjects. Motor-related BOLD signal changes (%SC) were evaluated during simple unimanual and bimanual tasks, and CVR was evaluated during hyperventilation (HV). Analyses were performed using Lipsia software in SMC, SMA, and CRB. RESULTS In controls, amplitudes of BOLD signal were symmetrical in all regions of interest during all motor tasks and HV. In patients, %SC was decreased in SMC and SMA of the lesioned hemisphere despite their apparent anatomical integrity for all tasks. Impaired CVR was a predictor of impaired motor-related BOLD response in the SMC during contralateral movements (beta=-1.87; R=-0.75; P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS These preliminary findings suggest that CVR heterogeneities may account for task-related BOLD signal changes in patients after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Krainik
- Max-Plack Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
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43
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Zhao X, Prost RW, Li Z, Li SJ. Reduction of artifacts by optimization of the sensitivity map in sensitivity-encoded spectroscopic imaging. Magn Reson Med 2005; 53:30-4. [PMID: 15690499 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.20325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Sensitivity-encoded spectroscopic imaging (SENSE-SI) reduces scanning time by using multiple coils for parallel signal acquisition. Significant artifacts could be induced by SENSE-SI, mainly due to the low-resolution nature of spectroscopic imaging. The present study introduces a novel method to reduce the artifacts. High-resolution sensitivity maps are used in low-resolution SENSE reconstruction. An intermediate unaliased image is obtained after SENSE reconstruction. Based on the intermediate image, the sensitivity maps are optimized and then the SENSE reconstruction is performed again. The final unaliased image has significantly reduced artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhao
- Biophysics Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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44
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Carlezon WA, Rohan ML, Mague SD, Meloni EG, Parsegian A, Cayetano K, Tomasiewicz HC, Rouse ED, Cohen BM, Renshaw PF. Antidepressant-like effects of cranial stimulation within a low-energy magnetic field in rats. Biol Psychiatry 2005; 57:571-6. [PMID: 15780843 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2004] [Revised: 11/24/2004] [Accepted: 12/08/2004] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that a novel type of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan called echo planar magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (EP-MRSI) has mood-elevating actions in humans during the depressive phases of bipolar disorder. We examined whether a low-energy component of EP-MRSI (low-field magnetic stimulation [LFMS]) has antidepressant-like, locomotor-stimulating, or amnestic effects in rats. METHODS We examined the effects of LFMS on immobility in the forced swim test (FST) and activity within an open field in separate groups of rats. After exposure to forced swimming, rats received LFMS (three 20-min sessions at 1.5 G/cm and .75 V/m) before behavioral testing. We also examined the effects of LFMS on fear conditioning (FC), a learning paradigm that also involves exposure to stressful conditions. RESULTS Low-field magnetic stimulation reduced immobility in the FST, an antidepressant-like effect qualitatively similar to that of standard antidepressants. Low-field magnetic stimulation did not alter locomotor activity or FC. CONCLUSIONS Low-field magnetic stimulation has antidepressant-like effects in rats that seem unrelated to locomotor-activating or amnestic effects. These findings raise the possibility that electromagnetic fields can affect the brain biology and might have physiologic consequences that offer novel approaches to therapy for psychiatric disorders. These same consequences might render MRI-based scans more invasive than previously appreciated.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation/therapeutic use
- Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/therapeutic use
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Behavior, Animal/radiation effects
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/physiopathology
- Brain/radiation effects
- Conditioning, Psychological/radiation effects
- Depression/therapy
- Desipramine/therapeutic use
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation
- Echo-Planar Imaging/methods
- Electromagnetic Fields
- Fear
- Fluoxetine/therapeutic use
- Freezing Reaction, Cataleptic/drug effects
- Freezing Reaction, Cataleptic/radiation effects
- Male
- Motor Activity/radiation effects
- Physical Stimulation/methods
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reflex, Startle/radiation effects
- Swimming
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Carlezon
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
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Rostrup E, Knudsen GM, Law I, Holm S, Larsson HBW, Paulson OB. The relationship between cerebral blood flow and volume in humans. Neuroimage 2005; 24:1-11. [PMID: 15588591 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2003] [Revised: 06/25/2004] [Accepted: 09/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to establish the relationship between regional CBF and CBV at normal, resting cerebral metabolic rates. Eleven healthy volunteers were investigated with PET during baseline conditions, and during hyper- and hypocapnia. Values for rCBF and rCBV were obtained using 15O-labelled water and carbon monoxide, respectively. The mean value of rCBF using PET was 62 +/- 18 ml 100 g(-1) min(-1) during baseline conditions, with an average increase of 46% during hypercapnia, and a decrease of 29% during hypocapnia; baseline rCBV was 7.7 ml/100 g, with 27% increase during hypercapnia and no significant decrease during hypocapnia. A regionally uniform exponential relationship was confirmed between PaCO2 and rCBF as well as rCBV. It is shown that the theoretical implication of this is that the rCBV vs. rCBF relationship should be modelled by a power function; however, due to pronounced intersubject variability, the goodness of fit for linear and nonlinear models were not significantly different. The results of the study are applied to a numerical estimation of regional brain deoxy-haemoglobin content. Independently of the choice of model for the rCBV vs. rCBF relationship, a nonlinear deoxy-haemoglobin vs. rCBF relationship was predicted, and the implications for the BOLD response are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egill Rostrup
- Danish Research Center for Magnetic Resonance, DK-2650, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
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Friedman SD, Dager SR, Parow A, Hirashima F, Demopulos C, Stoll AL, Lyoo IK, Dunner DL, Renshaw PF. Lithium and valproic acid treatment effects on brain chemistry in bipolar disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2004; 56:340-8. [PMID: 15336516 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2004] [Revised: 05/26/2004] [Accepted: 06/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior work reported elevated gray matter (GM) lactate and Glx (glutamate + glutamine + GABA) concentrations in unmedicated patients with bipolar disorder (BP) compared with healthy controls (HC). This study examined whether lithium (Li) and valproic acid (VPA) treatment modulated these chemicals. METHODS A subset of previously reported BP patients were treated with Li (n = 12, 3.6 +/- 1.9 months) or VPA (n = 9, 1.4 +/- 1.7 months) and compared untreated HC subjects (n = 12, 2.9 +/- 2.4 months) using proton echo-planar spectroscopic imaging. Regression analyses (voxel gray/white composition by chemistry) were performed at each time point, and change scores computed. Metabolite relaxation and regions of interest (ROI) were also examined. RESULTS Across treatment, Li-treated BP subjects demonstrated GM Glx decreases (Li-HC, p =.08; Li-VPA p =.04) and GM myo-inositol increases (Li-HC p =.07; Li-VPA p =.12). Other measures were not significant. Serum Li levels were positively correlated with Glx decreases at the trend level. CONCLUSIONS Li treatment of BP was associated with specific GM Glx decreases and myo-inositol increases. Findings are discussed in the context of cellular mechanisms postulated to underlie Li and VPA therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth D Friedman
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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Mäkiranta MJ, Ruohonen J, Suominen K, Sonkajärvi E, Salomäki T, Kiviniemi V, Seppänen T, Alahuhta S, Jäntti V, Tervonen O. BOLD-contrast functional MRI signal changes related to intermittent rhythmic delta activity in EEG during voluntary hyperventilation-simultaneous EEG and fMRI study. Neuroimage 2004; 22:222-31. [PMID: 15110012 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2003] [Revised: 12/24/2003] [Accepted: 01/05/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal changes were studied during voluntary hyperventilation (HV) between young healthy volunteer groups, (1) with intermittent rhythmic delta activity (IRDA) (N = 4) and (2) controls (N = 4) with only diffuse arrhythmic slowing in EEG (normal response). Subjects hyperventilated (3 min) during an 8-min functional MRI in a 1.5-T scanner, with simultaneous recording of EEG (successful with N = 3 in both groups) and physiological parameters. IRDA power and average BOLD signal intensities (of selected brain regions) were calculated. Hypocapnia showed a tendency to be slightly lighter in the controls than in the IRDA group. IRDA power increased during the last minute of HV and ended 10-15 s after HV. The BOLD signal decreased in white and gray matter after the onset of HV and returned to the baseline within 2 min after HV. The BOLD signal in gray matter decreased approximately 30% more in subjects with IRDA than in controls, during the first 2 min of HV. This difference disappeared (in three subjects out of four) during IRDA in EEG. BOLD signal changes seem to depict changes, which precede IRDA. IRDA due to HV in healthy volunteers represent a model with a clearly defined EEG pattern and an observable BOLD signal change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna J Mäkiranta
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, 90220 Oulu, Finland.
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48
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Abstract
The neurophysiological basis of cognition is relatively unexplained, with most studies reporting weak relationships between cognition and measures of brain function, such as event-related potentials, brain size and cerebral blood flow. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is an in vivo method used to detect neurochemicals within the brain that are relevant to certain brain processes. The most widely used methods are 1H-MRS and 31P-MRS, which detect compounds that contain hydrogen and phosphorus, respectively. Recent studies have shown that the absolute concentrations or ratios of these neurochemicals, in particular N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), which is associated with neuronal viability, correlate with performance on neuropsychological tests or other measures of cognitive function in normal subjects. Many studies in adults and children have shown a relationship between neurometabolite values and cognitive status or extent of cognitive dysfunction in various neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. We review these studies and conclude that MRS has potential applications for the study of cognitive processes in health and disease and may be used clinically for differential diagnosis, the early detection of pathology and the examination of longitudinal change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Ross
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2033, Australia.
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Kamba M, Inoue Y, Higami S, Suto Y. Age-related changes in cerebral lactate metabolism in sleep-disordered breathing. Neurobiol Aging 2003; 24:753-60. [PMID: 12885583 DOI: 10.1016/s0197-4580(02)00191-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-one patients, aged 22-71 years, with nocturnal apneic episodes and/or habitual snoring were studied with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and diagnostic polysomnography separately to determine whether accumulation of lactate caused by cerebral hypoxia during sleep is associated with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), aging and co-morbidities related to SDB. Eight proton magnetic resonance spectra for sleep and two for periods of arousal were obtained from the right centrum semiovale. All patients were evaluated for the presence or absence of co-morbidities including hypertension, cardiac disease, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. Significant lactate signals were found in seven patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) during sleep periods, and none during periods of arousal. Aging was significantly related to the presence or absence of significant lactate signals during sleep periods as determined by logistic regression analysis (beta=0.2480; 95% confidence interval, 0.0905-0.5094; P=0.0001). Apnea index (AI), apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), and minimum value of peripheral oxyhemoglobin saturation each significantly interacted with age (P=0.0081, 0.0284, and 0.0302, respectively). Our findings suggest that SDB combined with aging is related to accumulation of lactate during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Kamba
- Ogawa Laboratories for Brain Function Research, Hamano Life Science Research Foundation, 12 Daikyo-cho, Shinjuku-ku, 160-0015, Tokyo, Japan.
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Guilfoyle DN, Hrabe J. REST-PEEP: reduced scan time phase-encoded echo planar imaging. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2003; 16:269-275. [PMID: 14648887 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Echo planar methodology can be used for rapid acquisition in three dimensions of k-space. There are two groups of sequences which have thus far been implemented. The first group is characterized by three-dimensional acquisition from a single RF excitation. Echo planar shift mapping and echo volume imaging are single-shot chemical shift imaging and three-dimensional spatial imaging techniques, respectively. Even though these methods are extremely fast, their spatial and spectral resolutions are poor. In the second group of sequences, echo planar imaging acquisition is repeated for every phase-encode gradient step to improve upon the spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio at the expense of acquisition time. Here we report a novel combination of these two groups of sequences aimed at providing additional flexibility in trade-offs between the spectral bandwidth, signal-to-noise ratio, spatial resolution and imaging time. Preliminary results for both chemical shift imaging and three-dimensional spatial imaging are presented. The chemical shift imaging was optimized for excitation of the N-acetyl aspartate (NAA). An interesting consequence of our approach is that the Nyquist ghost is transferred from the spectrum to the metabolite image.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Guilfoyle
- Nathan Kline Institute, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA.
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