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Ben-Ami Y, Atkinson GW, Pitt-Francis JM, Maini PK, Byrne HM. Structural Features of Microvascular Networks Trigger Blood Flow Oscillations. Bull Math Biol 2022; 84:85. [PMID: 35802265 PMCID: PMC9270315 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-022-01046-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We analyse mathematical models in order to understand how microstructural features of vascular networks may affect blood flow dynamics, and to identify particular characteristics that promote the onset of self-sustained oscillations. By focusing on a simple three-node motif, we predict that network “redundancy”, in the form of a redundant vessel connecting two main flow-branches, together with differences in haemodynamic resistance in the branches, can promote the emergence of oscillatory dynamics. We use existing mathematical descriptions for blood rheology and haematocrit splitting at vessel branch-points to construct our flow model; we combine numerical simulations and stability analysis to study the dynamics of the three-node network and its relation to the system’s multiple steady-state solutions. While, for the case of equal inlet-pressure conditions, a “trivial” equilibrium solution with no flow in the redundant vessel always exists, we find that it is not stable when other, stable, steady-state attractors exist. In turn, these “nontrivial” steady-state solutions may undergo a Hopf bifurcation into an oscillatory state. We use the branch diameter ratio, together with the inlet haematocrit rate, to construct a two-parameter stability diagram that delineates regimes in which such oscillatory dynamics exist. We show that flow oscillations in this network geometry are only possible when the branch diameters are sufficiently different to allow for a sufficiently large flow in the redundant vessel, which acts as the driving force of the oscillations. These microstructural properties, which were found to promote oscillatory dynamics, could be used to explore sources of flow instability in biological microvascular networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ben-Ami
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - G W Atkinson
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J M Pitt-Francis
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - P K Maini
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - H M Byrne
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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2
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D'Alonzo RA, Gill S, Rowshanfarzad P, Keam S, MacKinnon KM, Cook AM, Ebert MA. In vivo noninvasive preclinical tumor hypoxia imaging methods: a review. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:593-631. [PMID: 33703994 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1900943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumors exhibit areas of decreased oxygenation due to malformed blood vessels. This low oxygen concentration decreases the effectiveness of radiation therapy, and the resulting poor perfusion can prevent drugs from reaching areas of the tumor. Tumor hypoxia is associated with poorer prognosis and disease progression, and is therefore of interest to preclinical researchers. Although there are multiple different ways to measure tumor hypoxia and related factors, there is no standard for quantifying spatial and temporal tumor hypoxia distributions in preclinical research or in the clinic. This review compares imaging methods utilized for the purpose of assessing spatio-temporal patterns of hypoxia in the preclinical setting. Imaging methods provide varying levels of spatial and temporal resolution regarding different aspects of hypoxia, and with varying advantages and disadvantages. The choice of modality requires consideration of the specific experimental model, the nature of the required characterization and the availability of complementary modalities as well as immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A D'Alonzo
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Suki Gill
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Pejman Rowshanfarzad
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Synat Keam
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Kelly M MacKinnon
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Alistair M Cook
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Martin A Ebert
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia.,5D Clinics, Claremont, Australia
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3
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Gentilal N, Miranda PC. Heat transfer during TTFields treatment: Influence of the uncertainty of the electric and thermal parameters on the predicted temperature distribution. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 196:105706. [PMID: 32818721 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) is a technique currently used in the treatment of glioblastoma. It consists in applying an electric field (EF) with a frequency of 200 kHz using two pairs of transducer arrays placed on the head. Current should be injected at least 18 h/day and induce a minimum EF intensity of 1 V/cm at the tumor bed for the treatment to be effective. To avoid scalp burns, Optune, the device used to apply this technique in patients, monitors the temperature of the transducers and keeps them below 41 °C by reducing the injected current. The goal of this study was to quantify the impact of the uncertainty associated with the electric and thermal parameters on the predicted temperature of the transducers and of each tissue when TTFields were applied. METHODS We used a realistic head model, added the two pairs of transducers arrays on the scalp and a virtual lesion, mimicking a glioblastoma tumor in the right hemisphere. Minimum, standard and maximum values for the electric and thermal properties of each tissue were taken from the literature after an extensive review. We used finite element methods (COMSOL Multiphysics) to solve Laplace's equation for the electric potential and Pennes' equation for the temperature distribution. RESULTS We observed that the electric conductivity of the scalp and skull, as well as scalp's blood perfusion and thermal conductivity were the parameters to which tissue and transducers temperature were most sensitive to. Considering all simulations, scalp's maximum temperature was around 43.5 °C, skull's 42 °C, CSF's 41.2 °C and brain's 39.3 °C. According to the literature, for this temperature range, some physiological changes are predicted only for the brain. The average temperature of the transducers varied between 38.1 °C and 41.6 °C which suggests that modelling TTFields current injection is very sensitive to the parameters chosen. CONCLUSIONS Better knowledge of the physical properties of tissues and materials and how they change with the temperature is needed to improve the accuracy of these predictions. This information would likely decrease the predicted temperature maxima in the brain and thus help ascertaining TTFields safety from a thermal point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichal Gentilal
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Cavaleiro Miranda
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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4
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Eckley SS, Buschhaus JM, Humphries BA, Robison TH, Luker KE, Luker GD. Short-Term Environmental Conditioning Enhances Tumorigenic Potential of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 5:346-357. [PMID: 31893233 PMCID: PMC6935992 DOI: 10.18383/j.tom.2019.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironments expose cancer cells to heterogeneous, dynamic environments by shifting availability of nutrients, growth factors, and metabolites. Cells integrate various inputs to generate cellular memory that determines trajectories of subsequent phenotypes. Here we report that short-term exposure of triple-negative breast cancer cells to growth factors or targeted inhibitors regulates subsequent tumor initiation. Using breast cancer cells with different driver mutations, we conditioned cells lines with various stimuli for 4 hours before implanting these cells as tumor xenografts and quantifying tumor progression by means of bioluminescence imaging. In the orthotopic model, conditioning a low number of cancer cells with fetal bovine serum led to enhancement of tumor-initiating potential, tumor volume, and liver metastases. Epidermal growth factor and the mTORC1 inhibitor ridaforolimus produced similar but relatively reduced effects on tumorigenic potential. These data show that a short-term stimulus increases tumorigenic phenotypes based on cellular memory. Conditioning regimens failed to alter proliferation or adhesion of cancer cells in vitro or kinase signaling through Akt and ERK measured by multiphoton microscopy in vivo, suggesting that other mechanisms enhanced tumorigenesis. Given the dynamic nature of the tumor environment and time-varying concentrations of small-molecule drugs, this work highlights how variable conditions in tumor environments shape tumor formation, metastasis, and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha S Eckley
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Johanna M Buschhaus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering and Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.,Department of Radiology Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; and
| | - Brock A Humphries
- Department of Radiology Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; and
| | - Tanner H Robison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering and Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.,Department of Radiology Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; and
| | - Kathryn E Luker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering and Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Gary D Luker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering and Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.,Department of Radiology Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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5
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Gaustad JV, Hauge A, Wegner CS, Simonsen TG, Lund KV, Hansem LMK, Rofstad EK. DCE-MRI of Tumor Hypoxia and Hypoxia-Associated Aggressiveness. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071979. [PMID: 32698525 PMCID: PMC7409330 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia is associated with resistance to treatment, aggressive growth, metastatic dissemination, and poor clinical outcome in many cancer types. The potential of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) to assess the extent of hypoxia in tumors has been investigated in several studies in our laboratory. Cervical carcinoma, melanoma, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) xenografts have been used as models of human cancer, and the transfer rate constant (Ktrans) and the extravascular extracellular volume fraction (ve) have been derived from DCE-MRI data by using Tofts standard pharmacokinetic model and a population-based arterial input function. Ktrans was found to reflect naturally occurring and treatment-induced hypoxia when hypoxia was caused by low blood perfusion, radiation responsiveness when radiation resistance was due to hypoxia, and metastatic potential when metastasis was hypoxia-induced. Ktrans was also associated with outcome for patients with locally-advanced cervical carcinoma treated with cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy. Together, the studies imply that DCE-MRI can provide valuable information on the hypoxic status of cervical carcinoma, melanoma, and PDAC. In this communication, we review and discuss the studies and provide some recommendations as to how DCE-MRI data can be analyzed and interpreted to assess tumor hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon-Vidar Gaustad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway; (A.H.); (C.S.W.); (T.G.S.); (K.V.L.); (L.M.K.H.); (E.K.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anette Hauge
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway; (A.H.); (C.S.W.); (T.G.S.); (K.V.L.); (L.M.K.H.); (E.K.R.)
| | - Catherine S. Wegner
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway; (A.H.); (C.S.W.); (T.G.S.); (K.V.L.); (L.M.K.H.); (E.K.R.)
| | - Trude G. Simonsen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway; (A.H.); (C.S.W.); (T.G.S.); (K.V.L.); (L.M.K.H.); (E.K.R.)
| | - Kjersti V. Lund
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway; (A.H.); (C.S.W.); (T.G.S.); (K.V.L.); (L.M.K.H.); (E.K.R.)
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lise Mari K. Hansem
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway; (A.H.); (C.S.W.); (T.G.S.); (K.V.L.); (L.M.K.H.); (E.K.R.)
| | - Einar K. Rofstad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway; (A.H.); (C.S.W.); (T.G.S.); (K.V.L.); (L.M.K.H.); (E.K.R.)
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6
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Determining the thermal characteristics of breast cancer based on high-resolution infrared imaging, 3D breast scans, and magnetic resonance imaging. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10105. [PMID: 32572125 PMCID: PMC7308290 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66926-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
For over the three decades, various researchers have aimed to construct a thermal (or bioheat) model of breast cancer, but these models have mostly lacked clinical data. The present study developed a computational thermal model of breast cancer based on high-resolution infrared (IR) images, real three-dimensional (3D) breast surface geometries, and internal tumor definition of a female subject histologically diagnosed with breast cancer. A state-of-the-art IR camera recorded IR images of the subject’s breasts, a 3D scanner recorded surface geometries, and standard diagnostic imaging procedures provided tumor sizes and spatial locations within the breast. The study estimated the thermal characteristics of the subject’s triple negative breast cancer by calibrating the model to the subject’s clinical data. Constrained by empirical blood perfusion rates, metabolic heat generation rates reached as high as 2.0E04 W/m3 for normal breast tissue and ranged between 1.0E05–1.2E06 W/m3 for cancerous breast tissue. Results were specific to the subject’s unique breast cancer molecular subtype, stage, and lesion size and may be applicable to similar aggressive cases. Prior modeling efforts are briefly surveyed, clinical data collected are presented, and finally thermal modeling results are presented and discussed.
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7
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Gillies RJ, Brown JS, Anderson ARA, Gatenby RA. Eco-evolutionary causes and consequences of temporal changes in intratumoural blood flow. Nat Rev Cancer 2018; 18:576-585. [PMID: 29891961 PMCID: PMC6441333 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-018-0030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Temporal changes in blood flow are commonly observed in malignant tumours, but the evolutionary causes and consequences are rarely considered. We propose that stochastic temporal variations in blood flow and microenvironmental conditions arise from the eco-evolutionary dynamics of tumour angiogenesis in which cancer cells, as individual units of selection, can influence and respond only to local environmental conditions. This leads to new vessels arising from the closest available vascular structure regardless of the size or capacity of this parental vessel. These dynamics produce unstable vascular networks with unpredictable spatial and temporal variations in blood flow and microenvironmental conditions. Adaptations of evolving populations to temporally varying environments in nature include increased diversity, greater motility and invasiveness, and highly plastic phenotypes, allowing for broad metabolic adaptability and rapid shifts to high rates of proliferation and profound quiescence. These adaptive strategies, when adopted in cancer cells, promote many commonly observed phenotypic properties including those found in the stem phenotype and in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Temporal variations in intratumoural blood flow, which occur through the promotion of cancer cell phenotypes that facilitate both metastatic spread and resistance to therapy, may have substantial clinical consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Gillies
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Joel S Brown
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Robert A Gatenby
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
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8
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Huang H, Lu J, Wu J, Ding Z, Chen S, Duan L, Cui J, Chen F, Kang D, Qi L, Qiu W, Lee SW, Qiu S, Shen D, Zang YF, Zhang H. Tumor Tissue Detection using Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent Functional MRI based on Independent Component Analysis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1223. [PMID: 29352123 PMCID: PMC5775317 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18453-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate delineation of gliomas from the surrounding normal brain areas helps maximize tumor resection and improves outcome. Blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI) has been routinely adopted for presurgical mapping of the surrounding functional areas. For completely utilizing such imaging data, here we show the feasibility of using presurgical fMRI for tumor delineation. In particular, we introduce a novel method dedicated to tumor detection based on independent component analysis (ICA) of resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) with automatic tumor component identification. Multi-center rs-fMRI data of 32 glioma patients from three centers, plus the additional proof-of-concept data of 28 patients from the fourth center with non-brain musculoskeletal tumors, are fed into individual ICA with different total number of components (TNCs). The best-fitted tumor-related components derived from the optimized TNCs setting are automatically determined based on a new template-matching algorithm. The success rates are 100%, 100% and 93.75% for glioma tissue detection for the three centers, respectively, and 85.19% for musculoskeletal tumor detection. We propose that the high success rate could come from the previously overlooked ability of BOLD rs-fMRI in characterizing the abnormal vascularization, vasomotion and perfusion caused by tumors. Our findings suggest an additional usage of the rs-fMRI for comprehensive presurgical assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Huang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310015, China
| | - Junfeng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jinsong Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zhongxiang Ding
- Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Shuda Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Lisha Duan
- Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, China
| | - Jianling Cui
- Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, China
| | - Fuyong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, No.1 Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350000, China
| | - Dezhi Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, No.1 Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350000, China
| | - Le Qi
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310015, China
| | - Wusi Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310015, China
| | - Seong-Whan Lee
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - ShiJun Qiu
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinggang Shen
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yu-Feng Zang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310015, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310015, China.
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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9
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Hauge A, Wegner CS, Gaustad JV, Simonsen TG, Andersen LMK, Rofstad EK. DCE-MRI of patient-derived xenograft models of uterine cervix carcinoma: associations with parameters of the tumor microenvironment. J Transl Med 2017; 15:225. [PMID: 29100521 PMCID: PMC5670634 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1331-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormalities in the tumor microenvironment are associated with resistance to treatment, aggressive growth, and poor clinical outcome in patients with advanced cervical cancer. The potential of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI to assess the microvascular density (MVD), interstitial fluid pressure (IFP), and hypoxic fraction of patient-derived cervical cancer xenografts was investigated in the present study. METHODS Four patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix (BK-12, ED-15, HL-16, and LA-19) were subjected to Gd-DOTA-based DCE-MRI using a 7.05 T preclinical scanner. Parametric images of the volume transfer constant (K trans) and the fractional distribution volume (v e) of the contrast agent were produced by pharmacokinetic analyses utilizing the standard Tofts model. Whole tumor median values of the DCE-MRI parameters were compared with MVD and the fraction of hypoxic tumor tissue, as determined histologically, and IFP, as measured with a Millar catheter. RESULTS Both on the PDX model level and the single tumor level, a significant inverse correlation was found between K trans and hypoxic fraction. The extent of hypoxia was also associated with the fraction of voxels with unphysiological v e values (v e > 1.0). None of the DCE-MRI parameters were related to MVD or IFP. CONCLUSIONS DCE-MRI may provide valuable information on the hypoxic fraction of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, and thereby facilitate individualized patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Hauge
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, P. O. Box 4953 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Catherine S Wegner
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, P. O. Box 4953 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon-Vidar Gaustad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, P. O. Box 4953 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trude G Simonsen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, P. O. Box 4953 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lise Mari K Andersen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, P. O. Box 4953 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar K Rofstad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, P. O. Box 4953 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
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10
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Boś-Liedke A, Walawender M, Woźniak A, Flak D, Gapiński J, Jurga S, Kucińska M, Plewiński A, Murias M, Elewa M, Lampp L, Imming P, Tadyszak K. EPR Oximetry Sensor-Developing a TAM Derivative for In Vivo Studies. Cell Biochem Biophys 2017; 76:19-28. [PMID: 28871484 PMCID: PMC5913390 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-017-0824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxygenation is one of the most important physiological parameters of biological systems. Low oxygen concentration (hypoxia) is associated with various pathophysiological processes in different organs. Hypoxia is of special importance in tumor therapy, causing poor response to treatment. Triaryl methyl (TAM) derivative radicals are commonly used in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) as sensors for quantitative spatial tissue oxygen mapping. They are also known as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents and fluorescence imaging compounds. We report the properties of the TAM radical tris(2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-carboxy-phenyl)methyl, (PTMTC), a potential multimodal (EPR/fluorescence) marker. PTMTC was spectrally analyzed using EPR and characterized by estimation of its sensitivity to the oxygen in liquid environment suitable for intravenous injection (1 mM PBS, pH = 7.4). Further, fluorescent emission of the radical was measured using the same solvent and its quantum yield was estimated. An in vitro cytotoxicity examination was conducted in two cancer cell lines, HT-29 (colorectal adenocarcinoma) and FaDu (squamous cell carcinoma) and followed by uptake studies. The stability of the radical in different solutions (PBS pH = 7.4, cell media used for HT-29 and FaDu cells culturing and cytotoxicity procedure, full rat blood and blood plasma) was determined. Finally, a primary toxicity test of PTMTC was carried out in mice. Results of spectral studies confirmed the multimodal properties of PTMTC. PTMTC was demonstrated to be not absorbed by cancer cells and did not interfere with luciferin-luciferase based assays. Also in vitro and in vivo tests showed that it was non-toxic and can be freely administrated till doses of 250 mg/kg BW via both i.v. and i.p. injections. This work illustrated that PTMTC is a perfect candidate for multimodal (EPR/fluorescence) contrast agent in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Boś-Liedke
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 85, 61614, Poznań, Poland. .,Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 14, 61614, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Walawender
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 85, 61614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Woźniak
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 85, 61614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Dorota Flak
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 85, 61614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jacek Gapiński
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 85, 61614, Poznań, Poland.,Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 14, 61614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Stefan Jurga
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 85, 61614, Poznań, Poland.,Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 14, 61614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kucińska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Dojazd 30, 60631, Poznan, Poland
| | - Adam Plewiński
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Dojazd 30, 60631, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Murias
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Dojazd 30, 60631, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marwa Elewa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, P.O. 41522, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Lisa Lampp
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Peter Imming
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Krzysztof Tadyszak
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 85, 61614, Poznań, Poland. .,Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. M. Smoluchowskiego 17, 60179, Poznań, Poland.
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11
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Gonçalves MR, Johnson SP, Ramasawmy R, Lythgoe MF, Pedley RB, Walker-Samuel S. The effect of imatinib therapy on tumour cycling hypoxia, tissue oxygenation and vascular reactivity. Wellcome Open Res 2017. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.11715.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Several biomedical imaging techniques have recently been developed to probe hypoxia in tumours, including oxygen-enhanced (OE) and blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These techniques have strong potential for measuring both chronic and transient (cycling) changes in hypoxia, and to assess response to vascular-targeting therapies in the clinic. Methods: In this study, we investigated the use of BOLD and OE-MRI to assess changes in cycling hypoxia, tissue oxygenation and vascular reactivity to hyperoxic gas challenges, in mouse models of colorectal therapy, following treatment with the PDGF-receptor inhibitor, imatinib mesylate (Glivec). Results: Whilst no changes were observed in imaging biomarkers of cycling hypoxia (from BOLD) or chronic hypoxia (from OE-MRI), the BOLD response to carbogen-breathing became significantly more positive in some tumour regions and more negative in other regions, thereby increasing overall heterogeneity. Conclusions: Imatinib did not affect the magnitude of cycling hypoxia or OE-MRI signal, but increased the heterogeneity of the spatial distribution of BOLD MRI changes in response to gas challenges.
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12
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Almendros I, Martinez-Garcia MÁ, Obeso A, Gozal D. Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cancer: Insights from Intermittent Hypoxia Experimental Models. CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40675-017-0064-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Nguyen A, Ledoux JB, Omoumi P, Becce F, Forget J, Federau C. Application of intravoxel incoherent motion perfusion imaging to shoulder muscles after a lift-off test of varying duration. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:66-73. [PMID: 26684052 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI is a method to extract microvascular blood flow information out of diffusion-weighted images acquired at multiple b-values. We hypothesized that IVIM can identify the muscles selectively involved in a specific task, by measuring changes in activity-induced local muscular perfusion after exercise. We tested this hypothesis using a widely used clinical maneuver, the lift-off test, which is known to assess specifically the subscapularis muscle functional integrity. Twelve shoulders from six healthy male volunteers were imaged at 3 T, at rest, as well as after a lift-off test hold against resistance for 30 s, 1 and 2 min respectively, in three independent sessions. IVIM parameters, consisting of perfusion fraction (f), diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo-diffusion coefficient D* and blood flow-related fD*, were estimated within outlined muscles of the rotator cuff and the deltoid bundles. The mean values at rest and after the lift-off tests were compared in each muscle using a one-way ANOVA. A statistically significant increase in fD* was measured in the subscapularis, after a lift-off test of any duration, as well as in D. A fD* increase was the most marked (30 s, +103%; 1 min, +130%; 2 min, +156%) and was gradual with the duration of the test (in 10(-3) mm(2) /s: rest, 1.41 ± 0.50; 30 s, 2.86 ± 1.17; 1 min, 3.23 ± 1.22; 2 min, 3.60 ± 1.21). A significant increase in fD* and D was also visible in the posterior bundle of the deltoid. No significant change was consistently visible in the other investigated muscles of the rotator cuff and the other bundles of the deltoid. In conclusion, IVIM fD* allows the demonstration of a task-related microvascular perfusion increase after a specific task and suggests a direct relationship between microvascular perfusion and the duration of the effort. It is a promising method to investigate non-invasively skeletal muscle physiology and clinical perfusion-related muscular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Nguyen
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Baptiste Ledoux
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Omoumi
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Becce
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Forget
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Federau
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Room S039, Stanford, CA, 94305-5105, United States
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14
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Gonçalves MR, Johnson SP, Ramasawmy R, Pedley RB, Lythgoe MF, Walker-Samuel S. Decomposition of spontaneous fluctuations in tumour oxygenation using BOLD MRI and independent component analysis. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:1168-77. [PMID: 26484634 PMCID: PMC4647875 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solid tumours can undergo cycles of hypoxia, followed by reoxygenation, which can have significant implications for the success of anticancer therapies. A need therefore exists to develop methods to aid its detection and to further characterise its biological basis. We present here a novel method for decomposing systemic and tumour-specific contributions to fluctuations in tumour deoxyhaemoglobin concentration, based on magnetic resonance imaging measurements. METHODS Fluctuations in deoxyhaemoglobin concentration in two tumour xenograft models of colorectal carcinoma were decomposed into distinct contributions using independent component analysis. These components were then correlated with systemic pulse oximetry measurements to assess the influence of systemic variations in blood oxygenation in tumours, compared with those that arise within the tumour itself (tumour-specific). Immunohistochemical staining was used to assess the physiological basis of each source of fluctuation. RESULTS Systemic fluctuations in blood oxygenation were found to contribute to cycling hypoxia in tumours, but tumour-specific fluctuations were also evident. Moreover, the size of the tumours was found to influence the degree of systemic, but not tumour-specific, oscillations. The degree of vessel maturation was related to the amplitude of tumour-specific, but not systemic, oscillations. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide further insights into the complexity of spontaneous fluctuations in tumour oxygenation and its relationship with tumour pathophysiology. These observations could be used to develop improved drug delivery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel R Gonçalves
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - S Peter Johnson
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
- Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Rajiv Ramasawmy
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - R Barbara Pedley
- Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Mark F Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Simon Walker-Samuel
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
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15
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Wu L, Lv P, Zhang H, Fu C, Yao X, Wang C, Zeng M, Li Y, Wang X. Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI assessment of microvascular characteristics in the murine orthotopic pancreatic cancer model. Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 33:737-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Haeck J, Bol K, Bison S, van Tiel S, Koelewijn S, de Jong M, Veenland J, Bernsen M. Optimized time-resolved imaging of contrast kinetics (TRICKS) in dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI after peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in small animal tumor models. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2015; 10:413-20. [PMID: 25995102 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Anti-tumor efficacy of targeted peptide-receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) relies on several factors, including functional tumor vasculature. Little is known about the effect of PRRT on tumor vasculature. With dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE-) MRI, functional vasculature is imaged and quantified using contrast agents. In small animals DCE-MRI is a challenging application. We optimized a clinical sequence for fast hemodynamic acquisitions, time-resolved imaging of contrast kinetics (TRICKS), to obtain DCE-MRI images at both high spatial and high temporal resolution in mice and rats. Using TRICKS, functional vasculature was measured prior to PRRT and longitudinally to investigate the effect of treatment on tumor vascular characteristics. Nude mice bearing H69 tumor xenografts and rats bearing syngeneic CA20948 tumors were used to study perfusion following PRRT administration with (177) lutetium octreotate. Both semi-quantitative and quantitative parameters were calculated. Treatment efficacy was measured by tumor-size reduction. Optimized TRICKS enabled MRI at 0.032 mm(3) voxel size with a temporal resolution of less than 5 s and large volume coverage, a substantial improvement over routine pre-clinical DCE-MRI studies. Tumor response to therapy was reflected in changes in tumor perfusion/permeability parameters. The H69 tumor model showed pronounced changes in DCE-derived parameters following PRRT. The rat CA20948 tumor model showed more heterogeneity in both treatment outcome and perfusion parameters. TRICKS enabled the acquisition of DCE-MRI at both high temporal resolution (Tres ) and spatial resolutions relevant for small animal tumor models. With the high Tres enabled by TRICKS, accurate pharmacokinetic data modeling was feasible. DCE-MRI parameters revealed changes over time and showed a clear relationship between tumor size and Ktrans .
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Haeck
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Bol
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Bison
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra van Tiel
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stuart Koelewijn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marion de Jong
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jifke Veenland
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monique Bernsen
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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Jacobs I, Strijkers GJ, Keizer HM, Janssen HM, Nicolay K, Schabel MC. A novel approach to tracer-kinetic modeling for (macromolecular) dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Magn Reson Med 2015; 75:1142-53. [PMID: 25846802 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a novel tracer-kinetic modeling approach for multi-agent dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) that facilitates separate estimation of parameters characterizing blood flow and microvascular permeability within one individual. METHODS Monte Carlo simulations were performed to investigate the performance of the constrained multi-agent model. Subsequently, multi-agent DCE-MRI was performed on tumor-bearing mice (n = 5) on a 7T Bruker scanner on three measurement days, in which two dendrimer-based contrast agents having high and intermediate molecular weight, respectively, along with gadoterate meglumine, were sequentially injected within one imaging session. Multi-agent data were simultaneously fit with the gamma capillary transit time model. Blood flow, mean capillary transit time, and bolus arrival time were constrained to be identical between the boluses, while extraction fractions and washout rate constants were separately determined for each agent. RESULTS Simulations showed that constrained multi-agent model regressions led to less uncertainty and bias in estimated tracer-kinetic parameters compared with single-bolus modeling. The approach was successfully applied in vivo, and significant differences in the extraction fraction and washout rate constant between the agents, dependent on their molecular weight, were consistently observed. CONCLUSION A novel multi-agent tracer-kinetic modeling approach that enforces self-consistency of model parameters and can robustly characterize tumor vascular status was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Jacobs
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Gustav J Strijkers
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands.,Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Klaas Nicolay
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Matthias C Schabel
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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18
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Most solid tumors contain regions of low oxygenation or hypoxia. Tumor hypoxia has been associated with a poor clinical outcome and plays a critical role in tumor radioresistance. RECENT ADVANCES Two main types of hypoxia exist in the tumor microenvironment: chronic and cycling hypoxia. Chronic hypoxia results from the limited diffusion distance of oxygen, and cycling hypoxia primarily results from the variation in microvessel red blood cell flux and temporary disturbances in perfusion. Chronic hypoxia may cause either tumor progression or regressive effects depending on the tumor model. However, there is a general trend toward the development of a more aggressive phenotype after cycling hypoxia. With advanced hypoxia imaging techniques, spatiotemporal characteristics of tumor hypoxia and the changes to the tumor microenvironment can be analyzed. CRITICAL ISSUES In this review, we focus on the biological and clinical consequences of chronic and cycling hypoxia on radiation treatment. We also discuss the advanced non-invasive imaging techniques that have been developed to detect and monitor tumor hypoxia in preclinical and clinical studies. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A better understanding of the mechanisms of tumor hypoxia with non-invasive imaging will provide a basis for improved radiation therapeutic practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Ting Lee
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
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19
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Ellingsen C, Hompland T, Galappathi K, Mathiesen B, Rofstad EK. DCE-MRI of the hypoxic fraction, radioresponsiveness, and metastatic propensity of cervical carcinoma xenografts. Radiother Oncol 2014; 110:335-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Muscari C, Giordano E, Bonafè F, Govoni M, Pasini A, Guarnieri C. Molecular mechanisms of ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning as putative therapeutic targets to reduce tumor survival and malignancy. Med Hypotheses 2013; 81:1141-5. [PMID: 24230458 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In tumors intermittent hypoxia has been reported to be more representative than normoxia or continuous exposure to low oxygen concentrations. Intermittent hypoxia is thought to increase tumor resistance against both anti-cancer therapy and the sustained ischemia that randomly occurs because of the dynamic nature of tumor vasculature. Here, we hypothesize that the molecular mechanisms underlying intermittent hypoxia in tumor cells share some triggers, modulators, and end-effectors of the intermittent episodes of ischemia and reperfusion that characterize ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning. These are among the most effective maneuvers protecting cells from ischemia-reperfusion injury. If this hypothesis were confirmed, several well-investigated molecular mediators of pre/post-conditioning could be explored as therapeutic targets against tumor malignancy. For examples, drugs that completely block the cardioprotection induced by ischemic preconditioning, such as mitochondrial potassium ATP channel inhibitors or mitochondrial permeability transition pore openers, could be extraordinarily efficient in counteracting the adaptations of tumor cells and cancer stem cells to intermittent hypoxia. As a consequence, this strategy should be effective in blunting tumor capacity to progress toward malignancy and survive in ischemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Muscari
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; National Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Bologna, Italy; BioEngLab, Health Science and Technology-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-CIRI), University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy.
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21
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Nielsen T, Nielsen NC, Holm TH, Ostergaard L, Horsman MR, Busk M. Ultra-high field 1H magnetic resonance imaging approaches for acute hypoxia. Acta Oncol 2013; 52:1287-92. [PMID: 23992112 DOI: 10.3109/0284186x.2013.824608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, radiation treatments are being optimised based on in vivo imaging of radioresistant, hypoxic tumour areas. This study aimed at detecting nicotinamide's reduction of acute hypoxia in a mouse tumour model by two clinically relevant magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods at ultra-high magnetic field strength. MATERIAL AND METHODS The C3H mammary carcinoma was grown to 200 mm(3) in the right rear foot of CDF1 mice. The mice were anaesthetised with ketamine and xylazine prior to imaging. A treatment group received nicotinamide intraperitoneally (i.p.) at the dose 1000 mg/kg, and a control group received saline. MRI was performed at 16.4 T with a spatial resolution of 0.156 × 0.156 × 0.5 mm(3). The imaging protocol included BOLD imaging and two DCE-MRI scans. Initial area under the curve (IAUC) and the parameters from the extended Toft's model were estimated from the DCE-MRI data. Tumour median values of 1) T2* mean, 2) T2* standard deviation, 3) DCE-MRI parameters, and 4) DCE-MRI parameter differences between scans were compared between the treatment groups using Student's t-test (significance level p < 0.05). RESULTS Parametric maps showed intra- and inter-tumour heterogeneity. Blood volume was significantly larger in the nicotinamide-treated group, and also the blood volume difference between the two DCE-MRI scans was significantly larger in the treatment group. CONCLUSION Higher blood volume and blood volume variation was observed by DCE-MRI in the treatment group. Other DCE-MRI parameters showed no significant differences, and the higher blood volume was not detected by BOLD MRI. The higher blood volume variation seen with DCE-MRI may be influenced by the drug effect reducing over time, and furthermore the anaesthesia may play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Nielsen
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus Denmark
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22
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Redler G, Barth ED, Bauer KS, Kao JPY, Rosen GM, Halpern HJ. In vivo electron paramagnetic resonance imaging of differential tumor targeting using cis-3,4-di(acetoxymethoxycarbonyl)-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidinyloxyl. Magn Reson Med 2013; 71:1650-6. [PMID: 23776127 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy promises quantitative images of important physiologic markers of animal tumors and normal tissues, such as pO(2), pH, and thiol redox status. These parameters of tissue function are conveniently reported by tailored nitroxides. For defining tumor physiology, it is vital that nitroxides are selectively localized in tumors relative to normal tissue. Furthermore, these paramagnetic species should be specifically taken up by cells of the tumor, thereby reporting on both the site of tumor formation and the physiological status of the tissue. This study investigates the tumor localization of the novel nitroxide, cis-3,4-di(acetoxymethoxycarbonyl)-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidin-yloxyl 3 relative to the corresponding di-acid 4. METHODS We obtained images of nitroxide 3 infused intravenously into C3H mice bearing 0.5-cm(3) FSa fibrosarcoma on the leg, and compared these with images of similar tumors infused with nitroxide 4. RESULTS The ratio of spectral intensity from within the tumor-bearing region to that of normal tissue was higher in the mice injected with 3 relative to 4. CONCLUSION This establishes the possibility of tumor imaging with a nitroxide with intracellular distribution and provides the basis for EPR images of animal models to investigate the relationship between crucial aspects of tumor microenvironment and malignancy and its response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gage Redler
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Center for EPR Imaging In Vivo Physiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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23
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Redler G, Epel B, Halpern HJ. Principal component analysis enhances SNR for dynamic electron paramagnetic resonance oxygen imaging of cycling hypoxia in vivo. Magn Reson Med 2013; 71:440-50. [PMID: 23401214 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low oxygen concentration (hypoxia) in tumors strongly affects their malignant state and resistance to therapy. These effects may be more deleterious in regions undergoing cycling hypoxia. Electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) has provided a noninvasive, quantitative imaging modality to investigate static pO2 in vivo. However, to image changing hypoxia, EPRI images with better temporal resolution may be required. The tradeoff between temporal resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) results in lower SNR for EPRI images with imaging time short enough to resolve cycling hypoxia. METHODS Principal component analysis allows for accelerated image acquisition with acceptable SNR by filtering noise in projection data, from which pO2 images are reconstructed. Principal component analysis is used as a denoising technique by including only low-order components to approximate the EPRI projection data. RESULTS Simulated and experimental studies show that principal component analysis filtering increases SNR, particularly for small numbers of sub-volumes with changing pO2 , enabling an order of magnitude increase in temporal resolution with minimal deterioration in spatial resolution or image quality. CONCLUSION The SNR necessary for dynamic EPRI studies with temporal resolution required to investigate cycling hypoxia and its physiological implications is enabled by principal component analysis filtering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gage Redler
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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24
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Polet F, Feron O. Endothelial cell metabolism and tumour angiogenesis: glucose and glutamine as essential fuels and lactate as the driving force. J Intern Med 2013; 273:156-65. [PMID: 23216817 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenic endothelial cells and tumour cells can survive under hypoxic conditions and even proliferate and migrate in a low-oxygen environment. In both cell types, high rates of glycolysis (i.e. conversion of glucose to lactate) and glutaminolysis provide most of the required biosynthetic intermediates and energy to support sprouting and cell division without coupling to oxidative phosphorylation. This metabolic preference is observed under hypoxic conditions, but also in situations in which oxygen is present. In the case of tumour cells, this is known as the Warburg effect and is largely governed by oncogenes. In endothelial cells lining tumour blood vessels, the option of respiration-independent metabolism allows the neovasculature to resist the hostile environment of fluctuating oxygen tension (ranging from severe hypoxia to quasi-normal levels of oxygen). In addition, accumulation in tumours of lactate, the end-product of glycolysis, largely contributes to the angiogenic phenotype through inhibition of prolyl hydroxylase 2 and the activation of HIF1α and NFκB. Activation of the latter in a hypoxia-independent manner leads to the increased production of interleukin-8/CXCL8 which drives the autocrine stimulation of endothelial cell proliferation and maturation of neovessels. In conclusion, the addiction of proliferating endothelial cells for glucose and glutamine as fuels and the driving force of lactate to promote angiogenesis provide novel potential treatment options without the disadvantages of conventional anti-angiogenic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Polet
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Brussels, Belgium
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25
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Hompland T, Ellingsen C, Rofstad EK. Preclinical evaluation of Gd-DTPA and gadomelitol as contrast agents in DCE-MRI of cervical carcinoma interstitial fluid pressure. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:544. [PMID: 23173554 PMCID: PMC3559248 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) in the primary tumor is associated with poor disease-free survival in locally advanced cervical carcinoma. A noninvasive assay is needed to identify cervical cancer patients with highly elevated tumor IFP because these patients may benefit from particularly aggressive treatment. It has been suggested that dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) with gadolinium diethylene-triamine penta-acetic acid (Gd-DTPA) as contrast agent may provide useful information on the IFP of cervical carcinomas. In this preclinical study, we investigated whether DCE-MRI with contrast agents with higher molecular weights (MW) than Gd-DTPA would be superior to Gd-DTPA-based DCE-MRI. METHODS CK-160 human cervical carcinoma xenografts were subjected to DCE-MRI with Gd-DTPA (MW of 0.55 kDa) or gadomelitol (MW of 6.5 kDa) as contrast agent before tumor IFP was measured invasively with a Millar SPC 320 catheter. The DCE-MRI was carried out at a spatial resolution of 0.23 × 0.23 × 2.0 mm³ and a time resolution of 14 s by using a 1.5-T whole-body scanner and a slotted tube resonator transceiver coil constructed for mice. Parametric images were derived from the DCE-MRI recordings by using the Tofts iso-directional transport model and the Patlak uni-directional transport model. RESULTS When gadomelitol was used as contrast agent, significant positive correlations were found between the parameters of both pharmacokinetic models and tumor IFP. On the other hand, significant correlations between DCE-MRI-derived parameters and IFP could not be detected with Gd-DTPA as contrast agent. CONCLUSION Gadomelitol is a superior contrast agent to Gd-DTPA in DCE-MRI of the IFP of CK-160 cervical carcinoma xenografts. Clinical studies attempting to develop DCE-MRI-based assays of the IFP of cervical carcinomas should involve contrast agents with higher MW than Gd-DTPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tord Hompland
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, Box 4953, Oslo N-0424, Norway
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Busk M, Mortensen LS, Nordsmark M, Overgaard J, Jakobsen S, Hansen KV, Theil J, Kallehauge JF, D'Andrea FP, Steiniche T, Horsman MR. PET hypoxia imaging with FAZA: reproducibility at baseline and during fractionated radiotherapy in tumour-bearing mice. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2012; 40:186-97. [PMID: 23076620 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-012-2258-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumour hypoxia is linked to treatment resistance. Positron emission tomography (PET) using hypoxia tracers such as fluoroazomycin arabinoside (FAZA) may allow identification of patients with hypoxic tumours and the monitoring of the efficacy of hypoxia-targeting treatment. Since hypoxia PET is characterized by poor image contrast, and tumour hypoxia undergoes spontaneous changes and is affected by therapy, it remains unclear to what extent PET scans are reproducible. Tumour-bearing mice are valuable in the validation of hypoxia PET, but identification of a reliable reference tissue value (blood sample or image-derived muscle value) for repeated scans may be difficult due to the small size of the animal or absence of anatomical information (pure PET). Here tumour hypoxia was monitored over time using repeated PET scans in individual tumour-bearing mice before and during fractionated radiotherapy. METHODS Mice bearing human SiHa cervix tumour xenografts underwent a PET scan 3 h following injection of FAZA on two consecutive days before initiation of treatment (baseline) and again following irradiation with four and ten fractions of 2.5 Gy. On the last scan day, mice were given an intraperitoneal injection of pimonidazole (hypoxia marker), tumours were collected and the intratumoral distribution of FAZA (autoradiography) and hypoxia (pimonidazole immunohistology) were determined in cryosections. RESULTS Tissue section analysis revealed that the intratumoral distribution of FAZA was strongly correlated with the regional density of hypoxic (pimonidazole-positive) cells, even when necrosis was present, suggesting that FAZA PET provides a reliable measure of tumour hypoxia at the time of the scan. PET-based quantification of tumour tracer uptake relative to injected dose showed excellent reproducibility at baseline, whereas normalization using an image-derived nonhypoxic reference tissue (muscle) proved highly unreliable since a valid and reliable reference value could not be determined. The intratumoral distribution of tracer was stable at baseline as shown by a voxel-by-voxel comparison of the two scans (R = 0.82, range 0.72-0.90). During treatment, overall tracer retention changed in individual mice, but there was no evidence of general reoxygenation. CONCLUSION Hypoxia PET scans are quantitatively correct and highly reproducible in tumour-bearing mice. Preclinical hypoxia PET is therefore a valuable and reliable tool for the development of strategies that target or modify hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Busk
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Noerrebrogade 44, Building 5.2, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Huang Z, Mayr NA, Lo SS, Grecula JC, Wang JZ, Jia G, Yuh WT. Characterizing at-Risk Voxels by Using Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Cervical Cancer during Radiotherapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 4:254-259. [PMID: 23638244 DOI: 10.4172/1948-5956.1000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The number of voxels with low signal intensity (Low DCE voxels) might be potentially related to treatment failure, which might be associated with the tumor oxygenation status. Our goal was to investigate whether at-risk voxels can be used to predict treatment outcome during radiation therapy for cervical cancer. 80 patients with Stage IB2-IVB cervical cancer were included. Four sequential MRI scans were performed at pre-RT, every 2-2.5 weeks during RT, and post-radiotherapy. 3D volumetric data including tumor regression and tumor perfusion from dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) were analyzed. Based on the signal intensity (SI) curves of the DCE-MRI, the low-DCE tumor voxels was obtained for individual patients. The predictive power of low DCE voxels in predicting the treatment outcomes was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Correlation of low DCE voxels with hemoglobin (Hgb) was checked by Pearson Correlation. The actuarial local control rate and survival rate in the patient group with a small number of low DCE voxels were 89.7% and 76.9%, compared with 75.6% and 51.2% in the patient group with a big number of low DCE voxels for the MRI study #1, and 94.1% and 80.4% compared with 62.1% and 34.5% for the MRI study #2, and 95.7% and 78.7% compared with 63.6% and 42.4% for the MRI study #3, respectively. Low DCE voxels were significantly correlated with Hgb. At-risk voxels can be used to predict the outcomes and help understand tumor heterogeneity of response to RT. The Hgb level and tumor perfusion during RT influence the radioresponsiveness and survival in cervical cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
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Øvrebø KM, Hompland T, Mathiesen B, Rofstad EK. Assessment of hypoxia and radiation response in intramuscular experimental tumors by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Radiother Oncol 2011; 102:429-35. [PMID: 22197352 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2011.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Studies of intradermal melanoma xenografts have suggested that dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) may be a useful method for assessing the extent of hypoxia in tumors. Because the microvascular network of tumors is influenced significantly by the site of growth, we challenged this possibility in the present work by studying relationships between DCE-MRI-derived parameters and hypoxia in intramuscular melanoma xenografts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Intramuscular R-18, U-25, and V-27 tumors were subjected to DCE-MRI and measurement of the fraction of radiobiologically hypoxic cells (HF(Rad)). Parametric images of K(trans) and v(e) were produced by pharmacokinetic analysis, and K(trans) and v(e) were related to HF(Rad) in individual tumors. RESULTS K(trans) decreased with increasing HF(Rad). The correlations between K(trans) and HF(Rad) were similar for the three tumor lines and were highly significant (P<0.00001). There was no correlation between v(e) and HF(Rad). However, v(e) decreased significantly with increasing cell survival after single dose irradiation. CONCLUSION Intramuscular melanoma xenografts show similar inverse correlations between K(trans) and HF(Rad) as intradermal tumors, which support the current clinical attempts to establish DCE-MRI as a method for detecting hypoxia and defining therapeutic targets in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsti Marie Øvrebø
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
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Kashiwagi Y, Nodaira M, Amitani M, Murase K, Abe K. Assessment of peripheral tissue perfusion disorder in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 30:254-60. [PMID: 22055847 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2011.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess peripheral tissue perfusion disorder in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats by using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS A rat diabetes model was produced by intravenous injection of STZ. Diabetic rats were sustainably treated with either saline or insulin using an Alzet osmotic pump. Hind paw tissue perfusion was measured by signal intensity (SI) enhancement after gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid injection in DCE-MRI study and quantified using the initial area under the SI-time curve (IAUC). Peripheral tissue uptake of [(14)C]iodoantipyrine (IAP) was also determined as a marker of tissue blood flow for comparison with the IAUC value indicating tissue perfusion. RESULTS STZ caused hyperglycemia at 1 and 2 weeks after injection. Treatment with insulin significantly alleviated hyperglycemia. At 2 weeks after STZ injection, peripheral tissue perfusion was clearly reduced in the diabetic rats and its reduction was significantly improved in the insulin-treated diabetic rats. Tissue perfusion evaluated by DCE-MRI was similar to the tissue blood flow measured by [(14)C]IAP uptake. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that DCE-MRI can assess peripheral tissue perfusion disorder in diabetes. DCE-MRI could be suitable for noninvasive evaluation of peripheral tissue perfusion in both preclinical and clinical studies. It may also be useful for developing novel drugs to protect against diabetic vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Kashiwagi
- Department of Innovative Drug Discovery Technologies, Innovative Drug Discovery Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan.
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Øvrebø KM, Gulliksrud K, Mathiesen B, Rofstad EK. Assessment of tumor radioresponsiveness and metastatic potential by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011; 81:255-61. [PMID: 21816291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It has been suggested that gadolinium diethylene-triamine penta-acetic acid (Gd-DTPA)-based dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) may provide clinically useful biomarkers for personalized cancer treatment. In this preclinical study, we investigated the potential of DCE-MRI as a noninvasive method for assessing the radioresponsiveness and metastatic potential of tumors. METHODS AND MATERIALS R-18 melanoma xenografts growing in BALB/c nu/nu mice were used as experimental tumor models. Fifty tumors were subjected to DCE-MRI, and parametric images of Ktrans (the volume transfer constant of Gd-DTPA) and ve (the fractional distribution volume of Gd-DTPA) were produced by pharmacokinetic analysis of the DCE-MRI series. The tumors were irradiated after the DCE-MRI, either with a single dose of 10 Gy for detection of radiobiological hypoxia (30 tumors) or with five fractions of 4 Gy in 48 h for assessment of radioresponsiveness (20 tumors). The host mice were then euthanized and examined for lymph node metastases, and the primary tumors were resected for measurement of cell survival in vitro. RESULTS Tumors with hypoxic cells showed significantly lower Ktrans values than tumors without significant hypoxia (p<0.0001, n=30), and Ktrans decreased with increasing cell surviving fraction for tumors given fractionated radiation treatment (p<0.0001, n=20). Tumors in metastasis-positive mice had significantly lower Ktrans values than tumors in metastasis-negative mice (p<0.0001, n=50). Significant correlations between ve and tumor hypoxia, radioresponsiveness, or metastatic potential could not be detected. CONCLUSIONS R-18 tumors with low Ktrans values are likely to be resistant to radiation treatment and have a high probability of developing lymph node metastases. The general validity of these observations should be investigated further by studying preclinical tumor models with biological properties different from those of the R-18 tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsti Marie Øvrebø
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Egeland TA, Gulliksrud K, Gaustad JV, Mathiesen B, Rofstad EK. Dynamic contrast-enhanced-MRI of tumor hypoxia. Magn Reson Med 2011; 67:519-30. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.23014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Delrue LJ, Casneuf V, Van Damme N, Blanckaert P, Peeters M, Ceelen WP, Duyck PCO. Assessment of neovascular permeability in a pancreatic tumor model using dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI with contrast agents of different molecular weights. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 24:225-32. [PMID: 21567161 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-011-0256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT We evaluated the relationship of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI)-derived pharmacokinetic parameters and contrast agents with different molecular weights (MW) in a pancreatic tumor mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Panc02 tumors were induced in mice at the hind leg. DCE-MRI was performed using Gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents with different MW: Gd-DOTA (0.5 kDa), P846 (3.5 kDa), and P792 (6.47 kDa). Quantitative vascular parameters (AUC, K(trans), V(e), and V(p)) were calculated according to a modified Tofts two-compartment model. Values for all contrast groups were compared for tumor and control (muscle) tissues. RESULTS Values for K(trans) and V(e) were significantly higher in tumor tissue than in muscle tissue. When comparing contrast agents, lowest absolute K(trans) values were observed using P792. The relative increase in K(trans) in tumor tissue compared with normal tissue was highest after the use of P792. In both tumor and normal tissues, K(trans) decreased with increasing molecular weight of the contrast agent used. CONCLUSION It was demonstrated that values for the different DCE-MRI vascular (permeability) parameters are highly dependent on the contrast agent used. Due to their potential to better differentiate tumor from muscle tissue, higher molecular weight contrast agents show promise when evaluating tumors using DCE-MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louke J Delrue
- Department of Radiology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
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Quantifying tumor vascular heterogeneity with dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: a review. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:732848. [PMID: 21541193 PMCID: PMC3085501 DOI: 10.1155/2011/732848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor microvasculature possesses a high degree of heterogeneity in its structure and function. These features have been demonstrated to be important for disease diagnosis, response assessment, and treatment planning. The exploratory efforts of quantifying tumor vascular heterogeneity with DCE-MRI have led to promising results in a number of studies. However, the methodological implementation in those studies has been highly variable, leading to multiple challenges in data quality and comparability. This paper reviews several heterogeneity quantification methods, with an emphasis on their applications on DCE-MRI pharmacokinetic parametric maps. Important methodological and technological issues in experimental design, data acquisition, and analysis are also discussed, with the current opportunities and efforts for standardization highlighted.
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Gulliksrud K, Øvrebø KM, Mathiesen B, Rofstad EK. Differentiation between hypoxic and non-hypoxic experimental tumors by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Radiother Oncol 2011; 98:360-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2010.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Quantitative assessment of hypoxia in melanoma xenografts by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: Intradermal versus intramuscular tumors. Radiother Oncol 2010; 97:233-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2010] [Revised: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Magat J, Jordan BF, Cron GO, Gallez B. Noninvasive mapping of spontaneous fluctuations in tumor oxygenation using F19 MRI. Med Phys 2010; 37:5434-41. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3484056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Ellingsen C, Egeland TAM, Galappathi K, Rofstad EK. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of human cervical carcinoma xenografts: pharmacokinetic analysis and correlation to tumor histomorphology. Radiother Oncol 2010; 97:217-24. [PMID: 20656365 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2010.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2009] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Biomarkers that can predict the outcome of treatment accurately are needed for treatment individualization in advanced carcinoma of the uterine cervix. The potential of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) was investigated in the present preclinical study. MATERIALS AND METHODS CK-160 and TS-415 human cervical carcinoma xenografts were subjected to DCE-MRI at 1.5T using a spatial resolution of 0.23×0.47×2.0mm(3). Parametric images of K(trans) (the volume transfer constant of Gd-DTPA) and v(e) (the extravascular extracellular volume fraction) were produced by pharmacokinetic analysis of the DCE-MRI data and compared with the histomorphology of the imaged tissue. RESULTS Analysis of small homogeneous tumor regions showed that K(trans), but not v(e), differed significantly between parenchymal tissue, connective tissue, and necrotic tissue, consistent with the vascularity of these compartments. However, strong correlations between K(trans) and the fractional volume of the compartments could not be detected for larger tumor regions, primarily because the majority of the voxels represented a chaotic mixture of parenchymal, connective, and necrotic tissue. CONCLUSION The potential of DCE-MRI in providing detailed information on the histomorphology of cervical carcinoma is limited, mainly because the tumor tissue shows significant morphological heterogeneity at the subvoxel level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Ellingsen
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
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Douma K, Oostendorp M, Slaaf DW, Post MJ, Backes WH, van Zandvoort MAMJ. Evaluation of magnetic resonance vessel size imaging by two-photon laser scanning microscopy. Magn Reson Med 2010; 63:930-9. [PMID: 20373394 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.22248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
MR vessel size imaging (MR-VSI) is increasingly applied to noninvasively assess microvascular properties of tumors and to evaluate tumor response to antiangiogenic treatment. MR-VSI provides measures for the microvessel radius and fractional blood volume of tumor tissue. However, data have not yet been evaluated with three-dimensional microscopy techniques. Therefore, three-dimensional two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM) was performed to assess microvascular radius and fractional vessel volume in tumor and muscle tissue. TPLSM data displayed a mazelike architecture of the tumor microvasculature and mainly parallel oriented muscle microvessels. For both MR-VSI and TPLSM, a larger vessel radius and fractional blood volume were found in the tumor rim than in the core. The microvessel radius was approximately six times larger in tumor and muscle for MR-VSI than for TPLSM. The tumor blood volume was 4-fold lower with MR-VSI than with TPLSM, whereas muscle blood volume was comparable for both techniques. Differences between the tumor rim, core, and muscle tissue showed similar trends for both MR-VSI and TPLSM parameters. These results indicate that MR-VSI does not provide absolute measures of microvascular morphology; however, it does reflect heterogeneity in microvascular morphology. Hence, MR-VSI may be used to assess differences in microvascular morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Douma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Daneau G, Boidot R, Martinive P, Feron O. Identification of Cyclooxygenase-2 as a Major Actor of the Transcriptomic Adaptation of Endothelial and Tumor Cells to Cyclic Hypoxia: Effect on Angiogenesis and Metastases. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:410-9. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-0583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Huang Z, Mayr NA, Yuh WTC, Lo SS, Montebello JF, Grecula JC, Lu L, Li K, Zhang H, Gupta N, Wang JZ. Predicting outcomes in cervical cancer: a kinetic model of tumor regression during radiation therapy. Cancer Res 2010; 70:463-70. [PMID: 20068180 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-2501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Applications of mathematical modeling can improve outcome predictions of cancer therapy. Here we present a kinetic model incorporating effects of radiosensitivity, tumor repopulation, and dead-cell resolving on the analysis of tumor volume regression data of 80 cervical cancer patients (stages 1B2-IVA) who underwent radiation therapy. Regression rates and derived model parameters correlated significantly with clinical outcome (P < 0.001; median follow-up: 6.2 years). The 6-year local tumor control rate was 87% versus 54% using radiosensitivity (2-Gy surviving fraction S(2) < 0.70 vs. S(2) > or = 0.70) as a predictor (P = 0.001) and 89% vs. 57% using dead-cell resolving time (T(1/2) < 22 days versus T(1/2) > or = 22 days, P < 0.001). The 6-year disease-specific survival was 73% versus 41% with S(2) < 0.70 versus S(2) > or = 0.70 (P = 0.025), and 87% vs. 52% with T(1/2) < 22 days versus T(1/2) > or = 22 days (P = 0.002). Our approach illustrates the promise of volume-based tumor response modeling to improve early outcome predictions that can be used to enable personalized adaptive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Huang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Abstract
This Failla Lecture focused on the inter-relationships between tumor angiogenesis, HIF-1 expression and radiotherapy responses. A common thread that bonds all of these factors together is microenvironmental stress caused by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species formed during tumor growth and angiogenesis or in response to cytotoxic treatment. In this review we focus on one aspect of the crossroad between oxidative stress and angiogenesis, namely cycling hypoxia. Understanding of the relative importance of this feature of the tumor microenvironment has recently expanded; it influences tumor biology in ways that are separate from chronic hypoxia. Cycling hypoxia can influence angiogenesis, treatment responses and metastatic behavior. It represents an important and relatively less well understood feature of tumor biology that requires additional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Dewhirst
- Radiation Oncology Department, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Wang K, Yorke E, Nehmeh SA, Humm JL, Ling CC. Modeling acute and chronic hypoxia using serial images of 18F-FMISO PET. Med Phys 2009; 36:4400-8. [PMID: 19928070 PMCID: PMC2852451 DOI: 10.1118/1.3213092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Revised: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Two types of tumor hypoxia most likely exist in human cancers: Chronic hypoxia due to the paucity of blood capillaries and acute hypoxia due to temporary shutdoWn of microvasculatures or fluctuation in the red cell flux. In a recent hypoxia imaging study using 18F-FMISO PET, the authors observed variation in tracer uptake in two sequential images and hypothesized that variation in acute hypoxia may be the cause. In this study, they develop an iterative optimization method to delineate chronic and acute hypoxia based on the 18F-FMISO PET serial images. METHODS They assume that (1) chronic hypoxia is the same in the two scans and can be represented by a Gaussian distribution, while (2) acute hypoxia varies in the two scans and can be represented by Poisson distributions. For validation, they used Monte Carlo simulations to generate pairs of 18F-FMISO PET images with known proportion of chronic and acute hypoxia and then applied the optimization method to the simulated serial images, yielding excellent fit between the input and the fitted results. They then applied this method to the serial 18F-FMISO PET images of 14 patients with head and neck cancers. RESULTS The results show good fit of the chronic hypoxia to Gaussian distributions for 13 out of 14 patients (with R2>0.7). Similarly, acute hypoxia appears to be well described by the Poisson distribution (R2>0.7) with three exceptions. The model calculation yielded the amount of acute hypoxia, which differed among the patients, ranging from approximately 13% to 52%, with an average of approximately 34%. CONCLUSIONS This is the first effort to separate acute and chronic hypoxia from serial PET images of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelin Wang
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1250 1st Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
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Egeland TAM, Simonsen TG, Gaustad JV, Gulliksrud K, Ellingsen C, Rofstad EK. Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Tumors: Preclinical Validation of Parametric Images. Radiat Res 2009; 172:339-47. [DOI: 10.1667/rr1787.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Oostendorp M, Post MJ, Backes WH. Vessel growth and function: depiction with contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology 2009; 251:317-35. [PMID: 19401568 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2512080485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a versatile noninvasive diagnostic tool that can be applied to the entire human body to revealing morphologic, functional, and metabolic information. The authors review how MR imaging can depict both the established and the developing vasculature with techniques involving intravenously administered contrast agents. In addition to macrovascular morphology and flow, MR imaging is able to exploit microvascular properties, including vessel size distribution, hyperpermeability, flow heterogeneity, and possibly also upregulation of endothelial biomarkers. For each MR method, the basic principles, potential acquisition and interpretation pitfalls, solutions, and applications are described. Furthermore, discussion includes current shortcomings and the impact of future developments (eg, higher magnetic field strength systems, targeted macromolecular contrast agents) on the visualization of blood vessel growth and function with contrast-enhanced MR imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Oostendorp
- Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Ellingsen C, Egeland TA, Gulliksrud K, Gaustad JV, Mathiesen B, Rofstad EK. Assessment of Hypoxia in Human Cervical Carcinoma Xenografts by Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009; 73:838-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2008] [Revised: 10/03/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Temporal heterogeneity in blood supply in human tumor xenografts. Neoplasia 2008; 10:727-35. [PMID: 18592011 DOI: 10.1593/neo.08388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2008] [Revised: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 04/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal heterogeneities in tumor blood supply were studied by using a recently developed first-pass imaging technique. First-pass imaging movies of A-07-GFP human tumor xenografts growing in window chambers were recorded at a frame rate of approximately 9 fps and a spatial resolution of 10.8 x 10.8 microm(2) after a bolus of 155-kDa tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate-labeled dextran had been administered intravenously. Each tumor was subjected to imaging thrice, with 20 minutes between each repetition. Highly specific maps of the vascular network and blood supply time (BST) images (i.e., images of the time from when arterial blood enters a tumor through the main supplying artery until it reaches a vessel segment within the tumor) were produced from the movies. The tumors had one to three supplying arterioles and showed substantial temporal heterogeneity in BST. Homogeneous changes in BST in the entire vascular network were seen in tumors supplied by one arteriole. Blood supply time fluctuations in tumor subregions were observed in tumors having two or three supplying arterioles. In addition, individual vessel segments frequently showed significant changes in BST with time. High-magnification transmission microscopy imaging substantiated that BST changes could be a consequence of arterial/arteriolar vasomotor activity, vessel wall compression, varying flow rate, and vascular stasis.
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Dewhirst MW, Cao Y, Moeller B. Cycling hypoxia and free radicals regulate angiogenesis and radiotherapy response. Nat Rev Cancer 2008; 8:425-37. [PMID: 18500244 PMCID: PMC3943205 DOI: 10.1038/nrc2397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 747] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia and free radicals, such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, can alter the function and/or activity of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1). Interplay between free radicals, hypoxia and HIF1 activity is complex and can influence the earliest stages of tumour development. The hypoxic environment of tumours is heterogeneous, both spatially and temporally, and can change in response to cytotoxic therapy. Free radicals created by hypoxia, hypoxia-reoxygenation cycling and immune cell infiltration after cytotoxic therapy strongly influence HIF1 activity. HIF1 can then promote endothelial and tumour cell survival. As discussed here, a constant theme emerges: inhibition of HIF1 activity will have therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Dewhirst
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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48
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Tumor vascularity assessed by magnetic resonance imaging and intravital microscopy imaging. Neoplasia 2008; 10:354-62. [PMID: 18392132 DOI: 10.1593/neo.08162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2008] [Revised: 02/06/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA)-based dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) is considered to be a useful method for characterizing the vascularity of tumors. However, detailed studies of experimental tumors comparing DCE-MRI-derived parametric images with images of the morphology and function of the microvascular network have not been reported. In this communication, we describe a novel MR-compatible mouse dorsal window chamber and report comparative DCE-MRI and intravital microscopy studies of A-07-GFP tumors xenografted to BALB/c nu/nu mice. Blood supply time (BST) images (i.e., images of the time from when arterial blood enters a tumor through the supplying artery until it reaches a vessel segment within the tumor) and morphologic images of the microvascular network were produced by intravital microscopy. Images of E.F (E is the initial extraction fraction of Gd-DTPA and F is perfusion) were produced by subjecting DCE-MRI series to Kety analysis. The E.F images mirrored the morphology (microvascular density) and the function (BST) of the microvascular networks well. Tumor regions showing high E.F values colocalized with tumor regions showing high microvascular density and low BST values. Significant correlations were found between E.F and microvascular density and between E.F and BST, both within and among tumors.
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Vestvik IK, Egeland TAM, Gaustad JV, Mathiesen B, Rofstad EK. Assessment of microvascular density, extracellular volume fraction, and radiobiological hypoxia in human melanoma xenografts by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2007; 26:1033-42. [PMID: 17896373 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.21110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA)-based dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) may be a useful method for assessing fraction of radiobiologically hypoxic cells in tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS A-07 and R-18 human melanoma xenografts were used as preclinical tumor models. DCE-MRI was performed at a voxel size of 0.23 x 0.47 x 2.0 mm(3). Tumor images of E . F (E is the initial extraction fraction of Gd-DTPA and F is blood perfusion) and lambda (the partition coefficient of Gd-DTPA) were produced by subjecting DCE-MRI series to Kety analysis. Microvascular density and extracellular volume fraction (ECVF) were determined by analysis of histological preparations. The fraction of radiobiologically hypoxic cells was measured by the paired survival curve method. RESULTS E . F correlated with microvascular density, and lambda correlated with ECVF. The fraction of hypoxic cells was approximately 6.5-fold higher in R-18 tumors than in A-07 tumors, consistent with the observation that A-07 tumors showed higher values for E . F and microvascular density and lower cell density (i.e., higher values for lambda and ECVF) than R-18 tumors. CONCLUSION E . F and lambda images obtained by Kety analysis of DCE-MRI series contain information that may be utilized to estimate the extent of radiobiological hypoxia in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida K Vestvik
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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