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Woods JG, Achten E, Asllani I, Bolar DS, Dai W, Detre JA, Fan AP, Fernández-Seara M, Golay X, Günther M, Guo J, Hernandez-Garcia L, Ho ML, Juttukonda MR, Lu H, MacIntosh BJ, Madhuranthakam AJ, Mutsaerts HJ, Okell TW, Parkes LM, Pinter N, Pinto J, Qin Q, Smits M, Suzuki Y, Thomas DL, Van Osch MJ, Wang DJJ, Warnert EA, Zaharchuk G, Zelaya F, Zhao M, Chappell MA. Recommendations for quantitative cerebral perfusion MRI using multi-timepoint arterial spin labeling: Acquisition, quantification, and clinical applications. Magn Reson Med 2024; 92:469-495. [PMID: 38594906 PMCID: PMC11142882 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Accurate assessment of cerebral perfusion is vital for understanding the hemodynamic processes involved in various neurological disorders and guiding clinical decision-making. This guidelines article provides a comprehensive overview of quantitative perfusion imaging of the brain using multi-timepoint arterial spin labeling (ASL), along with recommendations for its acquisition and quantification. A major benefit of acquiring ASL data with multiple label durations and/or post-labeling delays (PLDs) is being able to account for the effect of variable arterial transit time (ATT) on quantitative perfusion values and additionally visualize the spatial pattern of ATT itself, providing valuable clinical insights. Although multi-timepoint data can be acquired in the same scan time as single-PLD data with comparable perfusion measurement precision, its acquisition and postprocessing presents challenges beyond single-PLD ASL, impeding widespread adoption. Building upon the 2015 ASL consensus article, this work highlights the protocol distinctions specific to multi-timepoint ASL and provides robust recommendations for acquiring high-quality data. Additionally, we propose an extended quantification model based on the 2015 consensus model and discuss relevant postprocessing options to enhance the analysis of multi-timepoint ASL data. Furthermore, we review the potential clinical applications where multi-timepoint ASL is expected to offer significant benefits. This article is part of a series published by the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM) Perfusion Study Group, aiming to guide and inspire the advancement and utilization of ASL beyond the scope of the 2015 consensus article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G. Woods
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Center for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Eric Achten
- Ghent Institute for Functional and Metabolic Imaging (GIfMI), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Iris Asllani
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Sussex, UK and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Divya S. Bolar
- Center for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Weiying Dai
- Department of Computer Science, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA, 13902
| | - John A. Detre
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, 3 Dulles Building, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Audrey P. Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Maria Fernández-Seara
- Department of Radiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Xavier Golay
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Gold Standard Phantoms, UK
| | - Matthias Günther
- Imaging Physics, Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany
- Departments of Physics and Electrical Engineering, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - Mai-Lan Ho
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. ORCID: 0000-0002-9455-1350
| | - Meher R. Juttukonda
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hanzhang Lu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bradley J. MacIntosh
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Centre for Brain Resilience & Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Computational Radiology & Artificial Intelligence unit, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ananth J. Madhuranthakam
- Department of Radiology and Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Henk-Jan Mutsaerts
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas W. Okell
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Laura M. Parkes
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK
| | - Nandor Pinter
- Dent Neurologic Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA; University at Buffalo Neurosurgery, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Joana Pinto
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Qin Qin
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marion Smits
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Medical Delta, Delft, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, NL
| | - Yuriko Suzuki
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David L. Thomas
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matthias J.P. Van Osch
- C.J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Danny JJ Wang
- Laboratory of FMRI Technology (LOFT), Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Esther A.H. Warnert
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, NL
| | - Greg Zaharchuk
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fernando Zelaya
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Moss Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Maternal & Child Health Research Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael A. Chappell
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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2
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Musaeus CS, Kjaer TW, Lindberg U, Vestergaard MB, Bo H, Larsson W, Press DZ, Andersen BB, Høgh P, Kidmose P, Hemmsen MC, Rank ML, Hasselbalch SG, Waldemar G, Frederiksen KS. Subclinical epileptiform discharges in Alzheimer's disease are associated with increased hippocampal blood flow. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:80. [PMID: 38610005 PMCID: PMC11010418 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01432-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In epilepsy, the ictal phase leads to cerebral hyperperfusion while hypoperfusion is present in the interictal phases. Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have an increased prevalence of epileptiform discharges and a study using intracranial electrodes have shown that these are very frequent in the hippocampus. However, it is not known whether there is an association between hippocampal hyperexcitability and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). The objective of the study was to investigate the association between rCBF in hippocampus and epileptiform discharges as measured with ear-EEG in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Our hypothesis was that increased spike frequency may be associated with increased rCBF in hippocampus. METHODS A total of 24 patients with AD, and 15 HC were included in the analysis. Using linear regression, we investigated the association between rCBF as measured with arterial spin-labelling MRI (ASL-MRI) in the hippocampus and the number of spikes/sharp waves per 24 h as assessed by ear-EEG. RESULTS No significant difference in hippocampal rCBF was found between AD and HC (p-value = 0.367). A significant linear association between spike frequency and normalized rCBF in the hippocampus was found for patients with AD (estimate: 0.109, t-value = 4.03, p-value < 0.001). Changes in areas that typically show group differences (temporal-parietal cortex) were found in patients with AD, compared to HC. CONCLUSIONS Increased spike frequency was accompanied by a hemodynamic response of increased blood flow in the hippocampus in patients with AD. This phenomenon has also been shown in patients with epilepsy and supports the hypothesis of hyperexcitability in patients with AD. The lack of a significant difference in hippocampal rCBF may be due to an increased frequency of epileptiform discharges in patients with AD. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04436341).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sandøe Musaeus
- Danish Dementia Research Centre (DDRC), Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Inge Lehmanns vej 8, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.
| | - Troels Wesenberg Kjaer
- Danish Dementia Research Centre (DDRC), Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Inge Lehmanns vej 8, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Ulrich Lindberg
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Valdemar Hansens Vej 13, Glostrup, 2600, Denmark
| | - Mark B Vestergaard
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Valdemar Hansens Vej 13, Glostrup, 2600, Denmark
| | - Henrik Bo
- Danish Dementia Research Centre (DDRC), Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Inge Lehmanns vej 8, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Wiberg Larsson
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Valdemar Hansens Vej 13, Glostrup, 2600, Denmark
| | - Daniel Zvi Press
- Berenson-Allen Center for Non-invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Birgitte Bo Andersen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre (DDRC), Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Inge Lehmanns vej 8, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Peter Høgh
- Regional Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Zealand University Hospital, Vestermarksvej 11, Roskilde, 4000, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Preben Kidmose
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aarhus University, Finlandsgade 22, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark
| | | | | | - Steen Gregers Hasselbalch
- Danish Dementia Research Centre (DDRC), Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Inge Lehmanns vej 8, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Gunhild Waldemar
- Danish Dementia Research Centre (DDRC), Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Inge Lehmanns vej 8, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Kristian Steen Frederiksen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre (DDRC), Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Inge Lehmanns vej 8, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
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Afzali-Hashemi L, Dovern E, Baas KPA, Schrantee A, Wood JC, Nederveen AJ, Nur E, Biemond BJ. Cerebral hemodynamics and oxygenation in adult patients with sickle cell disease after stem cell transplantation. Am J Hematol 2024; 99:163-171. [PMID: 37859469 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.27135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia associated with impaired cerebral hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is currently the only curative treatment for patients with SCD. Whereas normalization of hemoglobin levels and hemolysis markers has been reported after HSCT, its effects on cerebral perfusion and oxygenation in adult SCD patients remain largely unexplored. This study investigated the effects of HSCT on cerebral blood flow (CBF), oxygen delivery, cerebrovascular reserve (CVR), oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2 ) in 17 adult SCD patients (mean age: 25.0 ± 8.0, 6 females) before and after HSCT and 10 healthy ethnicity-matched controls (mean age: 28.0 ± 8.8, 6 females) using MRI. For the CVR assessment, perfusion scans were performed before and after acetazolamide as a vasodilatory stimulus. Following HSCT, gray and white matter (GM and WM) CBF decreased (p < .01), while GM and WM CVR increased (p < .01) compared with the baseline measures. OEF and CMRO2 also increased towards levels in healthy controls (p < .01). The normalization of cerebral perfusion and oxygen metabolism corresponded with a significant increase in hemoglobin levels and decreases in reticulocytes, total bilirubin, and LDH as markers of hemolysis (p < .01). This study shows that HSCT results in the normalization of cerebral perfusion and oxygen metabolism, even in adult patients with SCD. Future follow-up MRI scans will determine whether the observed normalization of cerebral hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism prevents new silent cerebral infarcts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Afzali-Hashemi
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Dovern
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Koen P A Baas
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk Schrantee
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John C Wood
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Aart J Nederveen
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erfan Nur
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart J Biemond
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Gärtner M, Weigand A, Meiering MS, Weigner D, Carstens L, Keicher C, Hertrampf R, Beckmann C, Mennes M, Wunder A, Grimm S. Region- and time- specific effects of ketamine on cerebral blood flow: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:1735-1741. [PMID: 37231079 PMCID: PMC10579356 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01605-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
There is intriguing evidence suggesting that ketamine might have distinct acute and delayed neurofunctional effects, as its acute administration transiently induces schizophrenia-like symptoms, while antidepressant effects slowly emerge and are most pronounced 24 h after administration. Studies attempting to characterize ketamine's mechanism of action by using blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) imaging have yielded inconsistent results regarding implicated brain regions and direction of effects. This may be due to intrinsic properties of the BOLD contrast, while cerebral blood flow (CBF), as measured with arterial spin labeling, is a single physiological marker more directly related to neural activity. As effects of acute ketamine challenge are sensitive to modulation by pretreatment with lamotrigine, which inhibits glutamate release, a combination of these approaches should be particularly suited to offer novel insights. In total, 75 healthy participants were investigated in a double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel-group study and underwent two scanning sessions (acute/post 24 h.). Acute ketamine administration was associated with higher perfusion in interior frontal gyrus (IFG) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), but no other investigated brain region. Inhibition of glutamate release by pretreatment with lamotrigine abolished ketamine's effect on perfusion. At the delayed time point, pretreatment with lamotrigine was associated with lower perfusion in IFG. These findings underscore the idea that regionally selective patterns of CBF changes reflect proximate effects of modulated glutamate release on neuronal activity. Furthermore, region- specific sustained effects indicate both a swift restoration of disturbed homeostasis in DLPFC as well changes occurring beyond the immediate effects on glutamate signaling in IFG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Gärtner
- Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andreas Wunder
- Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Simone Grimm
- Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Pires Monteiro S, Pinto J, Chappell MA, Fouto A, Baptista MV, Vilela P, Figueiredo P. Brain perfusion imaging by multi-delay arterial spin labeling: Impact of modeling dispersion and interaction with denoising strategies and pathology. Magn Reson Med 2023; 90:1889-1904. [PMID: 37382246 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Arterial spin labeling (ASL) acquisitions at multiple post-labeling delays may provide more accurate quantification of cerebral blood flow (CBF), by fitting appropriate kinetic models and simultaneously estimating relevant parameters such as the arterial transit time (ATT) and arterial cerebral blood volume (aCBV). We evaluate the effects of denoising strategies on model fitting and parameter estimation when accounting for the dispersion of the label bolus through the vasculature in cerebrovascular disease. METHODS We analyzed multi-delay ASL data from 17 cerebral small vessel disease patients (50 ± 9 y) and 13 healthy controls (52 ± 8 y), by fitting an extended kinetic model with or without bolus dispersion. We considered two denoising strategies: removal of structured noise sources by independent component analysis (ICA) of the control-label image timeseries; and averaging the repetitions of the control-label images prior to model fitting. RESULTS Modeling bolus dispersion improved estimation precision and impacted parameter values, but these effects strongly depended on whether repetitions were averaged before model fitting. In general, repetition averaging improved model fitting but adversely affected parameter values, particularly CBF and aCBV near arterial locations in patients. This suggests that using all repetitions allows better noise estimation at the earlier delays. In contrast, ICA denoising improved model fitting and estimation precision while leaving parameter values unaffected. CONCLUSION Our results support the use of ICA denoising to improve model fitting to multi-delay ASL and suggest that using all control-label repetitions improves the estimation of macrovascular signal contributions and hence perfusion quantification near arterial locations. This is important when modeling flow dispersion in cerebrovascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pires Monteiro
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Systems and Robotics - Lisboa, Instituto Superior Técnico - Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Pinto
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael A Chappell
- School of Medicine, Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ana Fouto
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Systems and Robotics - Lisboa, Instituto Superior Técnico - Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Pedro Vilela
- Imaging Department, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patricia Figueiredo
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Systems and Robotics - Lisboa, Instituto Superior Técnico - Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Le LNN, Wheeler GJ, Holy EN, Donnay CA, Blockley NP, Yee AH, Ng KL, Fan AP. Cortical oxygen extraction fraction using quantitative BOLD MRI and cerebral blood flow during vasodilation. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1231793. [PMID: 37869717 PMCID: PMC10588655 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1231793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: We aimed to demonstrate non-invasive measurements of regional oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) from quantitative BOLD MRI modeling at baseline and after pharmacological vasodilation. We hypothesized that OEF decreases in response to vasodilation with acetazolamide (ACZ) in healthy conditions, reflecting compensation in regions with increased cerebral blood flow (CBF), while cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) remained unchanged. We also aimed to assess the relationship between OEF and perfusion in the default mode network (DMN) regions that have shown associations with vascular risk factors and cerebrovascular reactivity in different neurological conditions. Material and methods: Eight healthy subjects (47 ± 13 years, 6 female) were scanned on a 3 T scanner with a 32-channel head coil before and after administration of 15 mg/kg ACZ as a pharmacological vasodilator. The MR imaging acquisition protocols included: 1) A Gradient Echo Slice Excitation Profile Imaging Asymmetric Spin Echo scan to quantify OEF, deoxygenated blood volume, and reversible transverse relaxation rate (R2 ') and 2) a multi-post labeling delay arterial spin labeling scan to measure CBF. To assess changes in each parameter due to vasodilation, two-way t-tests were performed for all pairs (baseline versus vasodilation) in the DMN brain regions with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. The relationships between CBF versus OEF and CBF versus R2' were analyzed and compared across DMN regions using linear, mixed-effect models. Results: During vasodilation, CBF significantly increased in the medial frontal cortex (P = 0.004 ), posterior cingulate gyrus (pCG) (P = 0.004 ), precuneus cortex (PCun) (P = 0.004 ), and occipital pole (P = 0.001 ). Concurrently, a significant decrease in OEF was observed only in the pCG (8.8%, P = 0.003 ) and PCun (8.7 % , P = 0.001 ). CMRO2 showed a trend of increased values after vasodilation, but these differences were not significant after correction for multiple comparisons. Although R2' showed a slightly decreasing trend, no statistically significant changes were found in any regions in response to ACZ. The CBF response to ACZ exhibited a stronger negative correlation with OEF (β = - 0.104 ± 0.027 ; t = - 3.852 , P < 0.001 ), than with R2' (β = - 0.016 ± 0.006 ; t = - 2.692 , P = 0.008 ). Conclusion: Quantitative BOLD modeling can reliably measure OEF across multiple physiological conditions and captures vascular changes with higher sensitivity than R2' values. The inverse correlation between OEF and CBF across regions in DMN, suggests that these two measurements, in response to ACZ vasodilation, are reliable indicators of tissue health in this healthy cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh N. N. Le
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Gregory J. Wheeler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Emily N. Holy
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Corinne A. Donnay
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas P. Blockley
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alan H. Yee
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kwan L. Ng
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Audrey P. Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Sijtsema ND, Petit SF, Verduijn GM, Poot DHJ, Warnert EAH, Hoogeman MS, Hernandez-Tamames JA. Multidelay pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling to measure blood flow in the head and neck. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4898. [PMID: 36624621 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Perfusion MRI is promising for the assessment, prediction, and monitoring of radiation toxicity in organs at risk in head and neck cancer. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) may be an attractive alternative for conventional perfusion MRI, that does not require the administration of contrast agents. However, currently, little is known about the characteristics and performance of ASL in healthy tissues in the head and neck region. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to optimize and evaluate multidelay pseudocontinuous ASL (pCASL) for the head and neck region and to explore nominal values and measurement repeatability for the blood flow (BF), and the transit time and T1 values needed for BF quantification in healthy tissues. Twenty healthy volunteers underwent a scan session consisting of four repeats of multidelay pCASL (postlabel delays: 1000, 1632, 2479 ms). Regions of interest were defined in the parotid glands, submandibular glands, tonsils, and the cerebellum (as a reference). Nominal values of BF were calculated as the average over four repeats per volunteer. The repeatability coefficient and within-subject coefficient of repeatability (wCV) of BF were calculated. The effect of T1 (map vs. cohort average) and transit time correction on BF was investigated. The mean BF (± SE) was 55.7 ± 3.1 ml/100 g/min for the parotid glands, 41.2 ± 2.8 ml/100 g/min for the submandibular glands, and 32.3 ± 2.2 ml/100 g/min for the tonsils. The best repeatability was found in the parotid glands (wCV = 13.3%-16.1%), followed by the submandibular glands and tonsils (wCV = 20.0%-24.6%). On average, the effect of T1 and transit time correction on BF was limited, although substantial bias occurred in individual acquisitions. In conclusion, we demonstrated the feasibility of BF measurements in the head and neck region using multidelay pCASL and reported on nominal BF values, BF repeatability, the effect of T1, and transit time in various tissues in the head and neck region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke D Sijtsema
- Department of Radiotherapy, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven F Petit
- Department of Radiotherapy, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerda M Verduijn
- Department of Radiotherapy, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk H J Poot
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther A H Warnert
- Department of Radiotherapy, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mischa S Hoogeman
- Department of Radiotherapy, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, HollandPTC, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Juan A Hernandez-Tamames
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Pinto J, Blockley NP, Harkin JW, Bulte DP. Modelling spatiotemporal dynamics of cerebral blood flow using multiple-timepoint arterial spin labelling MRI. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1142359. [PMID: 37304817 PMCID: PMC10250662 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1142359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is an important physiological parameter that can be quantified non-invasively using arterial spin labelling (ASL) imaging. Although most ASL studies are based on single-timepoint strategies, multi-timepoint approaches (multiple-PLD) in combination with appropriate model fitting strategies may be beneficial not only to improve CBF quantification but also to retrieve other physiological information of interest. Methods: In this work, we tested several kinetic models for the fitting of multiple-PLD pCASL data in a group of 10 healthy subjects. In particular, we extended the standard kinetic model by incorporating dispersion effects and the macrovascular contribution and assessed their individual and combined effect on CBF quantification. These assessments were performed using two pseudo-continuous ASL (pCASL) datasets acquired in the same subjects but during two conditions mimicking different CBF dynamics: normocapnia and hypercapnia (achieved through a CO2 stimulus). Results: All kinetic models quantified and highlighted the different CBF spatiotemporal dynamics between the two conditions. Hypercapnia led to an increase in CBF whilst decreasing arterial transit time (ATT) and arterial blood volume (aBV). When comparing the different kinetic models, the incorporation of dispersion effects yielded a significant decrease in CBF (∼10-22%) and ATT (∼17-26%), whilst aBV (∼44-74%) increased, and this was observed in both conditions. The extended model that includes dispersion effects and the macrovascular component has been shown to provide the best fit to both datasets. Conclusion: Our results support the use of extended models that include the macrovascular component and dispersion effects when modelling multiple-PLD pCASL data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Pinto
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas P. Blockley
- David Greenfield Human Physiology Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Daniel P. Bulte
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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9
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DeBeer T, Jordan LC, Waddle S, Lee C, Patel NJ, Garza M, Davis LT, Pruthi S, Jones S, Donahue MJ. Red cell exchange transfusions increase cerebral capillary transit times and may alter oxygen extraction in sickle cell disease. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4889. [PMID: 36468659 PMCID: PMC10106384 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Persons with sickle cell disease (SCD) suffer from chronic hemolytic anemia, reduced blood oxygen content, and lifelong risk of silent and overt stroke. Major conventional stroke risk factors are absent in most individuals with SCD, yet nearly 50% have evidence of brain infarcts by the age of 30 years, indicating alternative etiologies for ischemia. We investigated whether radiological evidence of accelerated blood water transit through capillaries, visible on arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging, reduces following transfusion-induced increases in hemoglobin and relates to oxygen extraction fraction (OEF). Neurological evaluation along with anatomical and hemodynamic imaging with cerebral blood flow (CBF)-weighted pseudocontinuous ASL and OEF imaging with T2 -relaxation-under-spin-tagging were applied in sequence before and after blood transfusion therapy (n = 32) and in a comparator cohort of nontransfused SCD participants on hydroxyurea therapy scanned at two time points to assess stability without interim intervention (n = 13). OEF was calculated separately using models derived from human hemoglobin-F, hemoglobin-A, and hemoglobin-S. Gray matter CBF and dural sinus signal, indicative of rapid blood transit, were evaluated at each time point and compared with OEF using paired statistical tests (significance: two-sided p < 0.05). No significant change in sinus signal was observed in nontransfused participants (p = 0.650), but a reduction was observed in transfused participants (p = 0.034), consistent with slower red cell transit following transfusion. The dural sinus signal intensity was inversely associated with OEF pretransfusion (p = 0.011), but not posttransfusion. Study findings suggest that transfusion-induced increases in total hemoglobin may lengthen blood transit times through cerebral capillaries and alter cerebral OEF in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonner DeBeer
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lori C. Jordan
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Spencer Waddle
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Chelsea Lee
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Niral J. Patel
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Maria Garza
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - L. Taylor Davis
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sumit Pruthi
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sky Jones
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Manus J. Donahue
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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10
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Petitclerc L, Hirschler L, Örzsik B, Asllani I, van Osch MJP. Arterial spin labeling signal in the CSF: Implications for partial volume correction and blood-CSF barrier characterization. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4852. [PMID: 36269104 PMCID: PMC10078195 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
For better quantification of perfusion with arterial spin labeling (ASL), partial volume correction (PVC) is used to disentangle the signals from gray matter (GM) and white matter within any voxel. Based on physiological considerations, PVC algorithms typically assume zero signal in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Recent measurements, however, have shown that CSF-ASL signal can exceed 10% of GM signal, even when using recommended ASL labeling parameters. CSF signal is expected to particularly affect PVC results in the choroid plexus. This study aims to measure the impact of CSF signal on PVC perfusion measurements, and to investigate the potential use of PVC to retrieve pure CSF-ASL signal for blood-CSF barrier characterization. In vivo imaging included six pCASL sequences with variable label duration and post-labeling delay (PLD), and an eight-echo 3D-GRASE readout. A dataset was simulated to estimate the effect of CSF-PVC with known ground-truth parameters. Differences between the results of CSF-PVC and non-CSF-PVC were estimated for regions of interest (ROIs) based on GM probability, and a separate ROI isolating the choroid plexus. In vivo, the suitability of PVC-CSF signal as an estimate of pure CSF was investigated by comparing its time course with the long-TE CSF signal. Results from both simulation and in vivo data indicated that including the CSF signal in PVC improves quantification of GM CBF by approximately 10%. In simulated data, this improvement was greater for multi-PLD (model fitting) quantification than for single PLD (~1-5% difference). In the choroid plexus, the difference between CSF-PVC and non-CSF-PVC was much larger, averaging around 30%. Long-TE (pure) CSF signal could not be estimated from PVC CSF signal as it followed a different time course, indicating the presence of residual macrovascular signal in the PVC. The inclusion of CSF adds value to PVC for more accurate measurements of GM perfusion, and especially for quantification of perfusion in the choroid plexus and study of the glymphatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léonie Petitclerc
- C.J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC)LeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Lydiane Hirschler
- C.J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Balázs Örzsik
- Clinical Imaging Science Center, Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
| | - Iris Asllani
- Clinical Imaging Science Center, Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringRochester Institute of TechnologyRochesterNYUSA
| | - Matthias J. P. van Osch
- C.J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC)LeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
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11
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Vu C, Xu B, González-Zacarías C, Shen J, Baas KPA, Choi S, Nederveen AJ, Wood JC. Sinusoidal CO 2 respiratory challenge for concurrent perfusion and cerebrovascular reactivity MRI. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1102983. [PMID: 36846345 PMCID: PMC9948030 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1102983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Deoxygenation-based dynamic susceptibility contrast (dDSC) has previously leveraged respiratory challenges to modulate blood oxygen content as an endogenous source of contrast alternative to gadolinium injection in perfusion-weighted MRI. This work proposed the use of sinusoidal modulation of end-tidal CO2 pressures (SineCO 2 ), which has previously been used to measure cerebrovascular reactivity, to induce susceptibility-weighted gradient-echo signal loss to measure brain perfusion. Methods: SineCO 2 was performed in 10 healthy volunteers (age 37 ± 11, 60% female), and tracer kinetics model was applied in the frequency domain to calculate cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, mean transit time, and temporal delay. These perfusion estimates were compared against reference techniques, including gadolinium-based DSC, arterial spin labeling, and phase contrast. Results: Our results showed regional agreement between SineCO 2 and the clinical comparators. SineCO 2 was able to generate robust CVR maps in conjunction to baseline perfusion estimates. Discussion: Overall, this work demonstrated feasibility of using sinusoidal CO2 respiratory paradigm to simultaneously acquire both cerebral perfusion and cerebrovascular reactivity maps in one imaging sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau Vu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Botian Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Clio González-Zacarías
- Division of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Signal and Image Processing Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Koen P. A. Baas
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Soyoung Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Signal and Image Processing Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Aart J. Nederveen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - John C. Wood
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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12
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Luijten SPR, Bos D, van Doormaal PJ, Goyal M, Dijkhuizen RM, Dippel DWJ, Roozenbeek B, van der Lugt A, Warnert EAH. Cerebral blood flow quantification with multi-delay arterial spin labeling in ischemic stroke and the association with early neurological outcome. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 37:103340. [PMID: 36739791 PMCID: PMC9932490 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Restoring blood flow to brain tissue at risk of infarction is essential for tissue survival and clinical outcome. We used cerebral blood flow (CBF) quantified with multiple post-labeling delay (PLD) pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI after ischemic stroke and assessed the association between CBF and early neurological outcome. We acquired ASL with 7 PLDs at 3.0 T in large vessel occlusion stroke patients at 24 h. We quantified CBF relative to the contralateral hemisphere (rCBF) and defined hyperperfusion as a ≥30% increase and hypoperfusion as a ≥40% decrease in rCBF. We included 44 patients (median age: 70 years, median NIHSS: 13, 40 treated with endovascular thrombectomy) of whom 37 were recanalized. Hyperperfusion in ischemic core occurred in recanalized but not in non-recanalized patients (65.8% vs 0%, p = 0.006). Hypoperfusion occurred only in the latter group (0% vs 85.7%, p < 0.001). In recanalized patients, hyperperfusion was also seen in salvaged penumbra (38.9%). Higher rCBF in ischemic core (aβ, -2.75 [95% CI: -4.11 to -1.40]) and salvaged penumbra (aβ, -5.62 [95% CI: -9.57 to -1.68]) was associated with lower NIHSS scores at 24 h. In conclusion, hyperperfusion frequently occurs in infarcted and salvaged brain tissue following successful recanalization and early neurological outcome is positively associated with the level of reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven P R Luijten
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
| | - Daniel Bos
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter-Jan van Doormaal
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Mayank Goyal
- Department of Radiology, Foothills Medical Center, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Rick M Dijkhuizen
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht & Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Diederik W J Dippel
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Bob Roozenbeek
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Aad van der Lugt
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Esther A H Warnert
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, the Netherlands
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13
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Duff E, Zelaya F, Almagro FA, Miller KL, Martin N, Nichols TE, Taschler B, Griffanti L, Arthofer C, Douaud G, Wang C, Okell TW, Bethlehem RAI, Eickel K, Günther M, Menon DK, Williams G, Facer B, Lythgoe DJ, Dell’Acqua F, Wood GK, Williams SCR, Houston G, Keller SS, Holden C, Hartmann M, George L, Breen G, Michael BD, Jezzard P, Smith SM, Bullmore ET. Reliability of multi-site UK Biobank MRI brain phenotypes for the assessment of neuropsychiatric complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection: The COVID-CNS travelling heads study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273704. [PMID: 36173949 PMCID: PMC9522299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain could be a key diagnostic and research tool for understanding the neuropsychiatric complications of COVID-19. For maximum impact, multi-modal MRI protocols will be needed to measure the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the brain by diverse potentially pathogenic mechanisms, and with high reliability across multiple sites and scanner manufacturers. Here we describe the development of such a protocol, based upon the UK Biobank, and its validation with a travelling heads study. A multi-modal brain MRI protocol comprising sequences for T1-weighted MRI, T2-FLAIR, diffusion MRI (dMRI), resting-state functional MRI (fMRI), susceptibility-weighted imaging (swMRI), and arterial spin labelling (ASL), was defined in close approximation to prior UK Biobank (UKB) and C-MORE protocols for Siemens 3T systems. We iteratively defined a comparable set of sequences for General Electric (GE) 3T systems. To assess multi-site feasibility and between-site variability of this protocol, N = 8 healthy participants were each scanned at 4 UK sites: 3 using Siemens PRISMA scanners (Cambridge, Liverpool, Oxford) and 1 using a GE scanner (King's College London). Over 2,000 Imaging Derived Phenotypes (IDPs), measuring both data quality and regional image properties of interest, were automatically estimated by customised UKB image processing pipelines (S2 File). Components of variance and intra-class correlations (ICCs) were estimated for each IDP by linear mixed effects models and benchmarked by comparison to repeated measurements of the same IDPs from UKB participants. Intra-class correlations for many IDPs indicated good-to-excellent between-site reliability. Considering only data from the Siemens sites, between-site reliability generally matched the high levels of test-retest reliability of the same IDPs estimated in repeated, within-site, within-subject scans from UK Biobank. Inclusion of the GE site resulted in good-to-excellent reliability for many IDPs, although there were significant between-site differences in mean and scaling, and reduced ICCs, for some classes of IDP, especially T1 contrast and some dMRI-derived measures. We also identified high reliability of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) IDPs derived from swMRI images, multi-network ICA-based IDPs from resting-state fMRI, and olfactory bulb structure IDPs from T1, T2-FLAIR and dMRI data. CONCLUSION These results give confidence that large, multi-site MRI datasets can be collected reliably at different sites across the diverse range of MRI modalities and IDPs that could be mechanistically informative in COVID brain research. We discuss limitations of the study and strategies for further harmonisation of data collected from sites using scanners supplied by different manufacturers. These acquisition and analysis protocols are now in use for MRI assessments of post-COVID patients (N = 700) as part of the ongoing COVID-CNS study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Duff
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Brain Sciences, UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando Zelaya
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fidel Alfaro Almagro
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Karla L. Miller
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi Martin
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas E. Nichols
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Bernd Taschler
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ludovica Griffanti
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Arthofer
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gwenaëlle Douaud
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chaoyue Wang
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas W. Okell
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Matthias Günther
- mediri GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
- University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany
| | - David K. Menon
- Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Guy Williams
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Bethany Facer
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Lythgoe
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Flavio Dell’Acqua
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- NatBrainLab, Department of Forensics and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Greta K. Wood
- Clinical Infection Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Steven C. R. Williams
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Houston
- GE Healthcare, Global Research Organisation, United Kingdom
| | - Simon S. Keller
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Holden
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Monika Hartmann
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lily George
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benedict D. Michael
- Clinical Infection Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Jezzard
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M. Smith
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Edward T. Bullmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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14
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Ishida S, Isozaki M, Fujiwara Y, Takei N, Kanamoto M, Kimura H, Tsujikawa T. Estimation of Cerebral Blood Flow and Arterial Transit Time From Multi-Delay Arterial Spin Labeling MRI Using a Simulation-Based Supervised Deep Neural Network. J Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 57:1477-1489. [PMID: 36169654 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An inherently poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) causes inaccuracy and less precision in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and arterial transit time (ATT) when using arterial spin labeling (ASL). Deep neural network (DNN)-based parameter estimation can solve these problems. PURPOSE To reduce the effects of Rician noise on ASL parameter estimation and compute unbiased CBF and ATT using simulation-based supervised DNNs. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. POPULATION One million simulation test data points, 17 healthy volunteers (five women and 12 men, 33.2 ± 14.6 years of age), and one patient with moyamoya disease. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3.0 T/Hadamard-encoded pseudo-continuous ASL with a three-dimensional fast spin-echo stack of spirals. ASSESSMENT Performances of DNN and conventional methods were compared. For test data, the normalized mean absolute error (NMAE) and normalized root mean squared error (NRMSE) between the ground truth and predicted values were evaluated. For in vivo data, baseline CBF and ATT and their relative changes with respect to SNR using artificial noise-added images were assessed. STATISTICAL TESTS One-way analysis of variance with post-hoc Tukey's multiple comparison test, paired t-test, and the Bland-Altman graphical analysis. Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05. RESULTS For both CBF and ATT, NMAE and NRMSE were lower with DNN than with the conventional method. The baseline values were significantly smaller with DNN than with the conventional method (CBF in gray matter, 66 ± 10 vs. 71 ± 12 mL/100 g/min; white matter, 45 ± 6 vs. 46 ± 7 mL/100 g/min; ATT in gray matter, 1424 ± 201 vs. 1471 ± 154 msec). CBF and ATT increased with decreasing SNR; however, their change rates were smaller with DNN than were those with the conventional method. Higher CBF in the prolonged ATT region and clearer contrast in ATT were identified by DNN in a clinical case. DATA CONCLUSION DNN outperformed the conventional method in terms of accuracy, precision, and noise immunity. EVIDENCE LEVEL 3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Ishida
- Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyoto College of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Isozaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Fujiwara
- Department of Medical Image Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Takei
- GE Healthcare, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hirohiko Kimura
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.,Radiology Section, National Health Insurance Echizen-cho Ota Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tsujikawa
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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15
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Hu Y, Wei Q, Zhou Z, Hu J, Xie J, Xu J. Customized whole brain-covering 3D GRASE in multi-delay pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling for duplex distinct hemodynamic mapping contrasts of brain tissues and circulation pathways. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac8591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Gradient and spin echo (GRASE) is widely employed in arterial spin labeling (ASL) as an efficient readout sequence. Hemodynamic parameter mappings of perfusion, such as cerebral blood flow (CBF) and arterial transit time (ATT), can be derived via multi-delay ASL acquisitions. Multi-delay ASL perfusion imaging inevitably suffers limited signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) since a motion-sensitized vessel suppressing module has to be employed to highlight perfusion signals. The present work reveals that in multi-delay ASL, manipulation of GRASE sequence on either planar imaging echo echo train for adjusted spatial resolutions or FSE echo train for modulated extent of T
2-blurring can significantly alter the mapping contrasts among tissues and among cerebral lobes under different pathways of blood circulation, and meanwhile regulates SNR. Four separate multi-delay ASL scans with different echo train designs in 3D whole brain covering GRASE were carried out for healthy subjects to evaluate the variations in regard to the parameter quantifications and SNR. Based on the quantification mappings, the GRASE acquisition with moderate spatial resolution (3.5 × 3.5 × 4 mm3) and segmented k
z scheme was recognized for the first time to be recommended for more unambiguous CBF and ATT contrasts between GM and WM in conjunction with more enhanced ATT contrast between anterior and posterior cerebral circulations, with reasonably good SNR. The technical proposal is of great value for the cutting-edge research of a variety of neurological diseases of global concerns.
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16
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Taso M, Munsch F, Alsop DC. The Boston ASL Template and Simulator: Initial development and implementation. J Neuroimaging 2022; 32:1080-1089. [PMID: 36045507 DOI: 10.1111/jon.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Templates are a hallmark of image analysis in neuroimaging. However, while numerous structural templates exist and have facilitated single-subject and large group studies, templates based on functional contrasts, such as arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion, are scarce, have an inherently low spatial resolution, and are not as widely distributed. Having such tools at one's disposal is desirable, for example, in the case of studies not acquiring structural scans. We here propose an initial development of an ASL adult template based on high-resolution fast spin echo acquisitions. METHODS High-resolution single-delay ASL, low-resolution multi-delay ASL, T1 -weighted magnetization prepared rapid acquisition 2 gradient echoes, and T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery data were acquired in a cohort of 10 healthy volunteers (6 males and 4 females, 30± 7 years old). After offline reconstruction of high-resolution perfusion arterial transit time (ATT) and T1 maps, we built a multi-contrast template relying on the Advanced Normalization Toolbox multivariate template nonlinear construction framework. We offer examples for the registration of ASL data acquired with different sequences. Finally, we propose an ASL simulator based on our templates and a standard kinetic model that allows generating synthetic ASL contrasts based on user-specified parameters. RESULTS Boston ASL Template and Simulator (BATS) offers high-quality, high-resolution perfusion-weighted and quantitative perfusion templates accompanied by ATT and different anatomical contrasts readily available in the Montreal Neurological Institute space. In addition, examples of use for data registration and as a synthetic contrast generator show various applications in which BATS could be used. CONCLUSIONS We propose a new ASL template collection, named BATS, that also includes a simulator allowing the generation of synthetic ASL contrasts. BATS is available at http://github.com/manueltaso/batsasltemplate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Taso
- Division of MRI Research, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fanny Munsch
- Division of MRI Research, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David C Alsop
- Division of MRI Research, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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Golay X, Ho ML. Multidelay ASL of the pediatric brain. Br J Radiol 2022; 95:20220034. [PMID: 35451851 PMCID: PMC10996417 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20220034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a powerful noncontrast MRI technique for evaluation of cerebral blood flow (CBF). A key parameter in single-delay ASL is the choice of postlabel delay (PLD), which refers to the timing between the labeling of arterial free water and measurement of flow into the brain. Multidelay ASL (MDASL) utilizes several PLDs to improve the accuracy of CBF calculations using arterial transit time (ATT) correction. This approach is particularly helpful in situations where ATT is unknown, including young subjects and slow-flow conditions. In this article, we discuss the technical considerations for MDASL, including labeling techniques, quantitative metrics, and technical artefacts. We then provide a practical summary of key clinical applications with real-life imaging examples in the pediatric brain, including stroke, vasculopathy, hypoxic-ischemic injury, epilepsy, migraine, tumor, infection, and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Golay
- MR Neurophysics and Translational Neuroscience, UCL Queen
Square Institute of Neurology London, London,
England, UK
| | - Mai-Lan Ho
- Radiology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital and The Ohio
State University, Columbus, OH,
USA
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18
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Neumann K, Günther M, Düzel E, Schreiber S. Microvascular Impairment in Patients With Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Assessed With Arterial Spin Labeling Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Pilot Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:871612. [PMID: 35663571 PMCID: PMC9161030 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.871612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this pilot study, we investigated microvascular impairment in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) using non-invasive arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This method enabled us to measure the perfusion parameters, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and arterial transit time (ATT), and the effective T1-relaxation time (T1eff) to research a novel approach of assessing perivascular clearance. CSVD severity was characterized using the Standards for Reporting Vascular Changes on Neuroimaging (STRIVE) and included a rating of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), lacunes, enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVSs), and cerebral microbleeds (CMBs). Here, we found that CBF decreases and ATT increases with increasing CSVD severity in patients, most prominent for a white matter (WM) region-of-interest, whereas this relation was almost equally driven by WMHs, lacunes, EPVSs, and CMBs. Additionally, we observed a longer mean T1eff of gray matter and WM in patients with CSVD compared to elderly controls, providing an indication of impaired clearance in patients. Mainly T1eff of WM was associated with CSVD burden, whereas lobar lacunes and CMBs contributed primary to this relation compared to EPVSs of the centrum semiovale. Our results complement previous findings of CSVD-related hypoperfusion by the observation of retarded arterial blood arrival times in brain tissue and by an increased T1eff as potential indication of impaired clearance rates using ASL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Neumann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Katja Neumann
| | - Matthias Günther
- Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany
- MR-Imaging and Spectroscopy, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- mediri GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Center for Behavioral Brain Science, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schreiber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Science, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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19
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Henriksen OM, del Mar Álvarez-Torres M, Figueiredo P, Hangel G, Keil VC, Nechifor RE, Riemer F, Schmainda KM, Warnert EAH, Wiegers EC, Booth TC. High-Grade Glioma Treatment Response Monitoring Biomarkers: A Position Statement on the Evidence Supporting the Use of Advanced MRI Techniques in the Clinic, and the Latest Bench-to-Bedside Developments. Part 1: Perfusion and Diffusion Techniques. Front Oncol 2022; 12:810263. [PMID: 35359414 PMCID: PMC8961422 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.810263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Summarize evidence for use of advanced MRI techniques as monitoring biomarkers in the clinic, and highlight the latest bench-to-bedside developments. Methods Experts in advanced MRI techniques applied to high-grade glioma treatment response assessment convened through a European framework. Current evidence regarding the potential for monitoring biomarkers in adult high-grade glioma is reviewed, and individual modalities of perfusion, permeability, and microstructure imaging are discussed (in Part 1 of two). In Part 2, we discuss modalities related to metabolism and/or chemical composition, appraise the clinic readiness of the individual modalities, and consider post-processing methodologies involving the combination of MRI approaches (multiparametric imaging) or machine learning (radiomics). Results High-grade glioma vasculature exhibits increased perfusion, blood volume, and permeability compared with normal brain tissue. Measures of cerebral blood volume derived from dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced MRI have consistently provided information about brain tumor growth and response to treatment; it is the most clinically validated advanced technique. Clinical studies have proven the potential of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI for distinguishing post-treatment related effects from recurrence, but the optimal acquisition protocol, mode of analysis, parameter of highest diagnostic value, and optimal cut-off points remain to be established. Arterial spin labeling techniques do not require the injection of a contrast agent, and repeated measurements of cerebral blood flow can be performed. The absence of potential gadolinium deposition effects allows widespread use in pediatric patients and those with impaired renal function. More data are necessary to establish clinical validity as monitoring biomarkers. Diffusion-weighted imaging, apparent diffusion coefficient analysis, diffusion tensor or kurtosis imaging, intravoxel incoherent motion, and other microstructural modeling approaches also allow treatment response assessment; more robust data are required to validate these alone or when applied to post-processing methodologies. Conclusion Considerable progress has been made in the development of these monitoring biomarkers. Many techniques are in their infancy, whereas others have generated a larger body of evidence for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto M. Henriksen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Patricia Figueiredo
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Systems and Robotics-Lisboa, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gilbert Hangel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
- High-Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vera C. Keil
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ruben E. Nechifor
- International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Frank Riemer
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre (MMIV), Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kathleen M. Schmainda
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | | | - Evita C. Wiegers
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thomas C. Booth
-
School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St. Thomas’ Hospital, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuroradiology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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20
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Woods JG, Wong EC, Boyd EC, Bolar DS. VESPA ASL: VElocity and SPAtially Selective Arterial Spin Labeling. Magn Reson Med 2022; 87:2667-2684. [PMID: 35061920 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Spatially selective arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion MRI is sensitive to arterial transit times (ATT) that can result in inaccurate perfusion quantification when ATTs are long. Velocity-selective ASL is robust to this effect because blood is labeled within the imaging region, allowing immediate label delivery. However, velocity-selective ASL cannot characterize ATTs, which can provide important clinical information. Here, we introduce a novel pulse sequence, called VESPA ASL, that combines velocity-selective and pseudo-continuous ASL to simultaneously label different pools of arterial blood for robust cerebral blood flow (CBF) and ATT measurement. METHODS The VESPA ASL sequence is similar to velocity-selective ASL, but the velocity-selective labeling is made spatially selective, and pseudo-continuous ASL is added to fill the inflow time. The choice of inflow time and other sequence settings were explored. VESPA ASL was compared to multi-delay pseudo-continuous ASL and velocity-selective ASL through simulations and test-retest experiments in healthy volunteers. RESULTS VESPA ASL is shown to accurately measure CBF in the presence of long ATTs, and ATTs < TI can also be measured. Measurements were similar to established ASL techniques when ATT was short. When ATT was long, VESPA ASL measured CBF more accurately than multi-delay pseudo-continuous ASL, which tended to underestimate CBF. CONCLUSION VESPA ASL is a novel and robust approach to simultaneously measure CBF and ATT and offers important advantages over existing methods. It fills an important clinical need for noninvasive perfusion and transit time imaging in vascular diseases with delayed arterial transit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G Woods
- Center for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Eric C Wong
- Center for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Emma C Boyd
- Center for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Divya S Bolar
- Center for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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21
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Griffanti L, Raman B, Alfaro-Almagro F, Filippini N, Cassar MP, Sheerin F, Okell TW, Kennedy McConnell FA, Chappell MA, Wang C, Arthofer C, Lange FJ, Andersson J, Mackay CE, Tunnicliffe EM, Rowland M, Neubauer S, Miller KL, Jezzard P, Smith SM. Adapting the UK Biobank Brain Imaging Protocol and Analysis Pipeline for the C-MORE Multi-Organ Study of COVID-19 Survivors. Front Neurol 2021; 12:753284. [PMID: 34777224 PMCID: PMC8586081 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.753284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection has been shown to damage multiple organs, including the brain. Multiorgan MRI can provide further insight on the repercussions of COVID-19 on organ health but requires a balance between richness and quality of data acquisition and total scan duration. We adapted the UK Biobank brain MRI protocol to produce high-quality images while being suitable as part of a post-COVID-19 multiorgan MRI exam. The analysis pipeline, also adapted from UK Biobank, includes new imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs) designed to assess the possible effects of COVID-19. A first application of the protocol and pipeline was performed in 51 COVID-19 patients post-hospital discharge and 25 controls participating in the Oxford C-MORE study. The protocol acquires high resolution T1, T2-FLAIR, diffusion weighted images, susceptibility weighted images, and arterial spin labelling data in 17 min. The automated imaging pipeline derives 1,575 IDPs, assessing brain anatomy (including olfactory bulb volume and intensity) and tissue perfusion, hyperintensities, diffusivity, and susceptibility. In the C-MORE data, IDPs related to atrophy, small vessel disease and olfactory bulbs were consistent with clinical radiology reports. Our exploratory analysis tentatively revealed some group differences between recovered COVID-19 patients and controls, across severity groups, but not across anosmia groups. Follow-up imaging in the C-MORE study is currently ongoing, and this protocol is now being used in other large-scale studies. The protocol, pipeline code and data are openly available and will further contribute to the understanding of the medium to long-term effects of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Griffanti
- Department of Psychiatry, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Betty Raman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fidel Alfaro-Almagro
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Filippini
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy
| | - Mark Philip Cassar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fintan Sheerin
- Department of Radiology, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas W. Okell
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Flora A. Kennedy McConnell
- Mental Health & Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A. Chappell
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Mental Health & Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chaoyue Wang
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Arthofer
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Frederik J. Lange
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jesper Andersson
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Clare E. Mackay
- Department of Psychiatry, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth M. Tunnicliffe
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Rowland
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Neubauer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Karla L. Miller
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Jezzard
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M. Smith
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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22
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Neumann K, Schidlowski M, Günther M, Stöcker T, Düzel E. Reliability and Reproducibility of Hadamard Encoded Pseudo-Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling in Healthy Elderly. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:711898. [PMID: 34489631 PMCID: PMC8417446 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.711898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The perfusion parameters cerebral blood flow (CBF) and arterial transit time (ATT) measured with arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide valuable essentials to assess the integrity of cerebral tissue. Brain perfusion changes, due to aging, an intervention, or neurodegenerative diseases for example, could be investigated in longitudinal ASL studies with reliable ASL sequences. Generally, pseudo-continuous ASL (pCASL) is preferred because of its larger signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared to pulsed ASL (PASL) techniques. Available pCASL versions differ regarding their feature details. To date only little is known about the reliability and reproducibility of CBF and ATT measures obtained with the innovative Hadamard encoded pCASL variant, especially if applied on participants in old age. Therefore, we investigated an in-house developed Hadamard encoded pCASL sequence on a group of healthy elderly at two different 3 Tesla Siemens MRI systems (Skyra and mMR Biograph) and evaluated CBF and ATT reliability and reproducibility for several regions-of-interests (ROI). Calculated within-subject coefficients of variation (wsCV) demonstrated an excellent reliability of perfusion measures, whereas ATT appeared to be even more reliable than CBF [e.g., wsCV(CBF) = 2.9% vs. wsCV(ATT) = 2.3% for a gray matter (GM) ROI on Skyra system]. Additionally, a substantial agreement of perfusion values acquired on both MRI systems with an inter-session interval of 78 ± 17.6 days was shown by high corresponding intra-class correlation (ICC) coefficients [e.g., ICC(CBF) = 0.704 and ICC(ATT) = 0.754 for a GM ROI]. The usability of this novel Hadamard encoded pCASL sequence might improve future follow-up perfusion studies of the aging and/or diseased brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Neumann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schidlowski
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Günther
- Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany.,MR-Imaging and Spectroscopy, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Tony Stöcker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department for Physics and Astronomy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Center for Behavioral Brain Science, Magdeburg, Germany
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23
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van der Plas MCE, Craig M, Schmid S, Chappell MA, van Osch MJP. Validation of the estimation of the macrovascular contribution in multi-timepoint arterial spin labeling MRI using a 2-component kinetic model. Magn Reson Med 2021; 87:85-101. [PMID: 34390279 PMCID: PMC10138741 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this paper, the ability to quantify cerebral blood flow by arterial spin labeling (ASL) was studied by investigating the separation of the macrovascular and tissue component using a 2-component model. Underlying assumptions of this model, especially the inclusion of dispersion in the analysis, were studied, as well as the temporal resolution of the ASL datasets. METHODS Four different datasets were acquired: (1) 4D ASL angiography to characterize the macrovascular component and to study dispersion modeling within this component, (2) high temporal resolution ASL data to investigate the separation of the 2 components and the effect of dispersion modelling on this separation, (3) low temporal resolution ASL dataset to study the effect of the temporal resolution on the separation of the 2 components, and (4) low temporal resolution ASL data with vascular crushing. RESULTS The model that included a gamma dispersion kernel had the best fit to the 4D ASL angiography. For the high temporal resolution ASL dataset, inclusion of the gamma dispersion kernel led to more signal included in the arterial blood volume map, which resulted in decreased cerebral blood flow values. The arterial blood volume and cerebral blood flow maps showed overall higher arterial blood volume values and lower cerebral blood flow values for the high temporal resolution dataset compared to the low temporal resolution dataset. CONCLUSION Inclusion of a gamma dispersion kernel resulted in better fitting of the model to the data. The separation of the macrovascular and tissue component is affected by the inclusion of a gamma dispersion kernel and the temporal resolution of the ASL dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlijn C E van der Plas
- C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute of Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Craig
- Radiological Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Center, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Schmid
- C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute of Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michael A Chappell
- Radiological Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Center, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias J P van Osch
- C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute of Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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24
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van der Plas MCE, Schmid S, Versluis MJ, Okell TW, van Osch MJP. Time-encoded golden angle radial arterial spin labeling: Simultaneous acquisition of angiography and perfusion data. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4519. [PMID: 33939218 PMCID: PMC8243971 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to combine a time-encoded pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (te-pCASL) scheme with a golden angle radial readout for simultaneous acquisition of angiography and perfusion images from one single dataset, both in a highly flexible single-slice approach as well as within a multislice setting. A te-pCASL preparation and the golden angle radial readout were both used as a temporal resolution tool to retrospectively choose the temporal window for the reconstruction of both angiography and perfusion images from a single-slice dataset. The temporal window could be chosen retrospectively and adjusted to the hemodynamics of the volunteer on the scanner for the single-slice dataset. Angiographic images were reconstructed at a minimum temporal resolution of 69 ms. For the perfusion phase, only the densely sampled center of k-space was included in the reconstruction. For a multislice acquisition, the golden angle radial readout allowed reconstruction of images with different spatial resolutions to provide angiographic and perfusion information over 10 slices. The te-pCASL preparation was used as the only source for dynamic information. The multislice acquisition shows the ability of the golden angle radial readout to display the inflow of the labeled blood into the arteries as well as the perfusion in the tissue with full brain coverage. By combining a te-pCASL preparation with a golden angle radial readout, single-slice high temporal resolution angiography and good quality perfusion images were reconstructed in a flexible manner from a single dataset. Optimizing the golden angle radial readout for reconstructions at multiple spatial resolutions allows for multislice acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlijn C. E. van der Plas
- C. J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
- Leiden Institute of Brain and Cognition (LIBC)Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Sophie Schmid
- C. J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
- Leiden Institute of Brain and Cognition (LIBC)Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas W. Okell
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Matthias J. P. van Osch
- C. J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
- Leiden Institute of Brain and Cognition (LIBC)Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
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25
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Steventon JJ, Foster C, Furby H, Helme D, Wise RG, Murphy K. Hippocampal Blood Flow Is Increased After 20 min of Moderate-Intensity Exercise. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:525-533. [PMID: 31216005 PMCID: PMC7703728 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term exercise interventions have been shown to be a potent trigger for both neurogenesis and vascular plasticity. However, little is known about the underlying temporal dynamics and specifically when exercise-induced vascular adaptations first occur, which is vital for therapeutic applications. In this study, we investigated whether a single session of moderate-intensity exercise was sufficient to induce changes in the cerebral vasculature. We employed arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging to measure global and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) before and after 20 min of cycling. The blood vessels’ ability to dilate, measured by cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) to CO2 inhalation, was measured at baseline and 25-min postexercise. Our data showed that CBF was selectively increased by 10–12% in the hippocampus 15, 40, and 60 min after exercise cessation, whereas CVR to CO2 was unchanged in all regions. The absence of a corresponding change in hippocampal CVR suggests that the immediate and transient hippocampal adaptations observed after exercise are not driven by a mechanical vascular change and more likely represents an adaptive metabolic change, providing a framework for exploring the therapeutic potential of exercise-induced plasticity (neural, vascular, or both) in clinical and aged populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Steventon
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK.,School of Physics and Astronomy, The Parade, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK.,Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - C Foster
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - H Furby
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK.,Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1B 5EH, UK
| | - D Helme
- Department of Anaesthetics and Intensive Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - R G Wise
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - K Murphy
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The Parade, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK.,Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
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26
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Baligand C, Hirschler L, Veeger TTJ, Václavů L, Franklin SL, van Osch MJP, Kan HE. A split-label design for simultaneous measurements of perfusion in distant slices by pulsed arterial spin labeling. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:2441-2453. [PMID: 34105189 PMCID: PMC8596809 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Multislice arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI acquisitions are currently challenging in skeletal muscle because of long transit times, translating into low‐perfusion SNR in distal slices when large spatial coverage is required. However, fiber type and oxidative capacity vary along the length of healthy muscles, calling for multislice acquisitions in clinical studies. We propose a new variant of flow alternating inversion recovery (FAIR) that generates sufficient ASL signal to monitor exercise‐induced perfusion changes in muscle in two distant slices. Methods Label around and between two 7‐cm distant slices was created by applying the presaturation/postsaturation and selective inversion modules selectively to each slice (split‐label multislice FAIR). Images were acquired using simultaneous multislice EPI. We validated our approach in the brain to take advantage of the high resting‐state perfusion, and applied it in the lower leg muscle during and after exercise, interleaved with a single‐slice FAIR as a reference. Results We show that standard multislice FAIR leads to an underestimation of perfusion, while the proposed split‐label multislice approach shows good agreement with separate single‐slice FAIR acquisitions in brain, as well as in muscle following exercise. Conclusion Split‐label FAIR allows measuring muscle perfusion in two distant slices simultaneously without losing sensitivity in the distal slice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Baligand
- C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lydiane Hirschler
- C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Thom T J Veeger
- C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lena Václavů
- C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne L Franklin
- C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Center for image sciences, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Matthias J P van Osch
- C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hermien E Kan
- C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Duchenne Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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27
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Zhang LX, Woods JG, Okell TW, Chappell MA. Examination of optimized protocols for pCASL: Sensitivity to macrovascular contamination, flow dispersion, and prolonged arterial transit time. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:2208-2219. [PMID: 34009682 PMCID: PMC8581991 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Previously, multi‐ post‐labeling delays (PLD) pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) protocols have been optimized for the estimation accuracy of the cerebral blood flow (CBF) with/without the arterial transit time (ATT) under a standard kinetic model and a normal ATT range. This study aims to examine the estimation errors of these protocols under the effects of macrovascular contamination, flow dispersion, and prolonged arrival times, all of which might differ substantially in elderly or pathological groups. Methods Simulated data for four protocols with varying degrees of arterial blood volume (aBV), flow dispersion, and ATTs were fitted with different kinetic models, both with and without explicit correction for macrovascular signal contamination (MVC), to obtain CBF and ATT estimates. Sensitivity to MVC was defined and calculated when aBV > 0.5%. A previously acquired dataset was retrospectively analyzed to compare with simulation. Results All protocols showed underestimation of CBF and ATT in the prolonged ATT range. With MVC, the protocol optimized for CBF only (CBFopt) had the lowest sensitivity value to MVC, 33.47% and 60.21% error per 1% aBV in simulation and in vivo, respectively, among multi‐PLD protocols. All multi‐PLD protocols showed a significant decrease in estimation error when an extended kinetic model was used. Increasing flow dispersion at short ATTs caused increasing CBF and ATT overestimation in all protocols. Conclusion CBFopt was the least sensitive protocol to prolonged ATT and MVC for CBF estimation while maintaining reasonably good performance in estimating ATT. Explicitly including a macrovascular component in the kinetic model was shown to be a feasible approach in controlling for MVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan X Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph G Woods
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Thomas W Okell
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A Chappell
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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28
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Paschoal AM, Leoni RF, Pastorello BF, van Osch MJP. Three-dimensional gradient and spin-echo readout for time-encoded pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling: Influence of segmentation factor and flow compensation. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:1454-1462. [PMID: 33942371 PMCID: PMC8251744 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To monitor the complete passage of the labeled blood through the vascular tree into tissue and improve the quantification of ASL maps, we evaluated the effect of 3D gradient and spin-echo (GRASE) readout segments on temporal SNR (tSNR) and image blurriness for time-encoded pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling and the effect of flow-compensation gradients on the presence of intravascular signal. METHODS Fifteen volunteers were scanned using time-encoded pCASL with 2D EPI and single-segment, two-segments, and three-segments 3D-GRASE readouts with first-order flow compensation (FC) gradients. Two-segments 3D-GRASE scans were acquired with 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of full first-order FC. Temporal SNR was assessed, and cerebral blood flow and arterial blood volume were quantified for all readout strategies. RESULTS For single-segment 3D GRASE, tSNR was comparable to 2D EPI for perfusion signal but worse for the arterial signal. Two-segments and three-segments 3D GRASE resulted in higher tSNR than 2D EPI for perfusion and arterial signal. The arterial signal was not well visualized for 3D-GRASE data without FC. Visualization of the intravascular signal at postlabeling delays of 660 ms and 1060 ms was restored with FC. Adequate visualization of the intravascular signal was achieved from 75% of FC gradient strength at a postlabeling delay of 660 ms. For a postlabeling delay of 1060 ms, full-FC gradients were the best option to depict intravascular signal. CONCLUSION Segmented GRASE provided higher effective tSNR compared with 2D-EPI and single-segment GRASE. Flow compensation with GRASE readout should be carefully controlled when applying for time-encoded pCASL to visualize intravascular signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre M Paschoal
- Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.,InBrain Lab, Department of Physics - FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.,LIM44 - Instituto e Departamento de Radiologia, Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Renata F Leoni
- InBrain Lab, Department of Physics - FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno F Pastorello
- LIM44 - Instituto e Departamento de Radiologia, Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Matthias J P van Osch
- C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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29
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Maier O, Spann SM, Pinter D, Gattringer T, Hinteregger N, Thallinger GG, Enzinger C, Pfeuffer J, Bredies K, Stollberger R. Non-linear fitting with joint spatial regularization in arterial spin labeling. Med Image Anal 2021; 71:102067. [PMID: 33930830 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2021.102067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Multi-Delay single-shot arterial spin labeling (ASL) imaging provides accurate cerebral blood flow (CBF) and, in addition, arterial transit time (ATT) maps but the inherent low SNR can be challenging. Especially standard fitting using non-linear least squares often fails in regions with poor SNR, resulting in noisy estimates of the quantitative maps. State-of-the-art fitting techniques improve the SNR by incorporating prior knowledge in the estimation process which typically leads to spatial blurring. To this end, we propose a new estimation method with a joint spatial total generalized variation regularization on CBF and ATT. This joint regularization approach utilizes shared spatial features across maps to enhance sharpness and simultaneously improves noise suppression in the final estimates. The proposed method is evaluated at three levels, first on synthetic phantom data including pathologies, followed by in vivo acquisitions of healthy volunteers, and finally on patient data following an ischemic stroke. The quantitative estimates are compared to two reference methods, non-linear least squares fitting and a state-of-the-art ASL quantification algorithm based on Bayesian inference. The proposed joint regularization approach outperforms the reference implementations, substantially increasing the SNR in CBF and ATT while maintaining sharpness and quantitative accuracy in the estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Maier
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 16/III, Graz 8010, Austria.
| | - Stefan M Spann
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 16/III, Graz 8010, Austria.
| | - Daniela Pinter
- Department of Neurology, Division of General Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, Graz 8036, Austria.
| | - Thomas Gattringer
- Department of Neurology, Division of General Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, Graz 8036, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, Graz 8036, Austria.
| | - Nicole Hinteregger
- Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, Graz 8036, Austria.
| | - Gerhard G Thallinger
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 16/I, Graz 8010, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, Graz 8010, Austria.
| | - Christian Enzinger
- Department of Neurology, Division of General Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, Graz 8036, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, Graz 8036, Austria.
| | - Josef Pfeuffer
- Application Development, Siemens Healthcare, Henkestraße 127, Erlangen 91052, Germany.
| | - Kristian Bredies
- Institute of Mathematics and Scientific Computing, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 36, Graz 8010, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, Graz 8010, Austria.
| | - Rudolf Stollberger
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 16/III, Graz 8010, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, Graz 8010, Austria.
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30
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Afzali-Hashemi L, Baas KPA, Schrantee A, Coolen BF, van Osch MJP, Spann SM, Nur E, Wood JC, Biemond BJ, Nederveen AJ. Impairment of Cerebrovascular Hemodynamics in Patients With Severe and Milder Forms of Sickle Cell Disease. Front Physiol 2021; 12:645205. [PMID: 33959037 PMCID: PMC8093944 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.645205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), cerebral blood flow (CBF) is elevated to counteract anemia and maintain oxygen supply to the brain. This may exhaust the vasodilating capacity of the vessels, possibly increasing the risk of silent cerebral infarctions (SCI). To further investigate cerebrovascular hemodynamics in SCD patients, we assessed CBF, arterial transit time (ATT), cerebrovascular reactivity of CBF and ATT (CVR CBF and CVR ATT ) and oxygen delivery in patients with different forms of SCD and matched healthy controls. We analyzed data of 52 patients with severe SCD (HbSS and HbSβ0-thal), 20 patients with mild SCD (HbSC and HbSβ+-thal) and 10 healthy matched controls (HbAA and HbAS). Time-encoded arterial spin labeling (ASL) scans were performed before and after a vasodilatory challenge using acetazolamide (ACZ). To identify predictors of CBF and ATT after vasodilation, regression analyses were performed. Oxygen delivery was calculated and associated with hemoglobin and fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels. At baseline, severe SCD patients showed significantly higher CBF and lower ATT compared to both the mild SCD patients and healthy controls. As CBF postACZ was linearly related to CBF preACZ , CVR CBF decreased with disease severity. CVR ATT was also significantly affected in severe SCD patients compared to mild SCD patients and healthy controls. Considering all groups, women showed higher CBF postACZ than men (p < 0.01) independent of baseline CBF. Subsequently, post ACZ oxygen delivery was also higher in women (p < 0.05). Baseline, but not post ACZ, GM oxygen delivery increased with HbF levels. Our data showed that baseline CBF and ATT and CVR CBF and CVR ATT are most affected in severe SCD patients and to a lesser extent in patients with milder forms of SCD compared to healthy controls. Cerebrovascular vasoreactivity was mainly determined by baseline CBF, sex and HbF levels. The higher vascular reactivity observed in women could be related to their lower SCI prevalence, which remains an area of future work. Beneficial effects of HbF on oxygen delivery reflect changes in oxygen dissociation affinity from hemoglobin and were limited to baseline conditions suggesting that high HbF levels do not protect the brain upon a hemodynamic challenge, despite its positive effect on hemolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Afzali-Hashemi
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Koen P. A. Baas
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anouk Schrantee
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bram F. Coolen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Matthias J. P. van Osch
- C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Stefan M. Spann
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Erfan Nur
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - John C. Wood
- Division of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Bart J. Biemond
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Aart J. Nederveen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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31
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Park S, Hong H, Kim RY, Ma J, Lee S, Ha E, Yoon S, Kim J. Firefighters Have Cerebral Blood Flow Reductions in the Orbitofrontal and Insular Cortices That are Associated with Poor Sleep Quality. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:1507-1517. [PMID: 34531693 PMCID: PMC8439978 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s312671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the cerebral blood flow (CBF) alterations associated with poor sleep quality and memory performance in firefighters. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Thirty-seven firefighters (the FF group) and 37 non-firefighter controls (the control group) with sleep complaints were enrolled in this study. We performed brain arterial spin labeling perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and compared the CBF between the two groups using whole-brain voxel-wise analyses. Self-reported sleep problems and actigraphy-measured sleep parameters, including the sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset (WASO), total sleep time, and sleep latency, were assessed. Spatial working memory and learning performances were evaluated on the day of the MRI scan. RESULTS The FF group, relative to the control group, had lower CBF in the right hemispheric regions: Middle temporal/lateral occipital, orbitofrontal, and insular cortices. Lower CBF in the right orbitofrontal cortex was linearly associated with poor sleep quality, as indicated by lower sleep efficiency and longer WASO. The CBF of the right insular cortex was also associated with longer WASO. Despite comparable degrees of self-reported sleep problems between the two groups, the FF group had lower sleep efficiency and longer WASO in the actigraphy, and lower spatial working memory and learning performance, relative to the control group. Poor sleep efficiency was linearly associated with lower spatial working memory performance. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated an association of poor sleep quality with decreased brain perfusion in the right orbitofrontal and insular cortices, as well as with reduced working memory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinwon Park
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Haejin Hong
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Rye Young Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Ma
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suji Lee
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunji Ha
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sujung Yoon
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jungyoon Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
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32
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Puig O, Henriksen OM, Vestergaard MB, Hansen AE, Andersen FL, Ladefoged CN, Rostrup E, Larsson HB, Lindberg U, Law I. Comparison of simultaneous arterial spin labeling MRI and 15O-H 2O PET measurements of regional cerebral blood flow in rest and altered perfusion states. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:1621-1633. [PMID: 31500521 PMCID: PMC7370368 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19874643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Arterial spin labelling (ASL) is a non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that may provide fully quantitative regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) images. However, before its application in clinical routine, ASL needs to be validated against the clinical gold standard, 15O-H2O positron emission tomography (PET). We aimed to compare the two techniques by performing simultaneous quantitative ASL-MRI and 15O-H2O-PET examinations in a hybrid PET/MRI scanner. Duplicate rCBF measurements were performed in healthy young subjects (n = 14) in rest, during hyperventilation, and after acetazolamide (post-ACZ), yielding 63 combined PET/MRI datasets in total. Average global CBF by ASL-MRI and 15O-H2O-PET was not significantly different in any state (40.0 ± 6.5 and 40.6 ± 4.1 mL/100 g/min, respectively in rest, 24.5 ± 5.1 and 23.4 ± 4.8 mL/100 g/min, respectively, during hyperventilation, and 59.1 ± 10.4 and 64.7 ± 10.0 mL/100 g/min, respectively, post-ACZ). Overall, strong correlation between the two methods was found across all states (slope = 1.01, R2 = 0.82), while the correlations within individual states and of reactivity measures were weaker, in particular in rest (R2 = 0.05, p = 0.03). Regional distribution was similar, although ASL yielded higher perfusion and absolute reactivity in highly vascularized areas. In conclusion, ASL-MRI and 15O-H2O-PET measurements of rCBF are highly correlated across different perfusion states, but with variable correlation within and between hemodynamic states, and systematic differences in regional distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Puig
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Otto M Henriksen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mark B Vestergaard
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adam E Hansen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming L Andersen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claes N Ladefoged
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Egill Rostrup
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Bw Larsson
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrich Lindberg
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ian Law
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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33
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Steventon JJ, Furby H, Ralph J, O'Callaghan P, Rosser AE, Wise RG, Busse M, Murphy K. Altered cerebrovascular response to acute exercise in patients with Huntington's disease. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa044. [PMID: 32566927 PMCID: PMC7293798 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether a single session of exercise was sufficient to induce cerebral adaptations in individuals with Huntington’s disease and to explore the time dynamics of any acute cerebrovascular response. In this case–control study, we employed arterial-spin labelling MRI in 19 Huntington’s disease gene-positive participants (32–65 years, 13 males) and 19 controls (29–63 years, 10 males) matched for age, gender, body mass index and self-reported activity levels, to measure global and regional perfusion in response to 20 min of moderate-intensity cycling. Cerebral perfusion was measured at baseline and 15, 40 and 60 min after exercise cessation. Relative to baseline, we found that cerebral perfusion increased in patients with Huntington’s disease yet was unchanged in control participants in the precentral gyrus (P = 0.016), middle frontal gyrus (P = 0.046) and hippocampus (P = 0.048) 40 min after exercise cessation (+15 to +32.5% change in Huntington’s disease participants, −7.7 to 0.8% change in controls). The length of the disease‐causing trinucleotide repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene predicted the change in the precentral gyrus (P = 0.03) and the intensity of the exercise intervention predicted hippocampal perfusion change in Huntington’s disease participants (P < 0.001). In both groups, exercise increased hippocampal blood flow 60 min after exercise cessation (P = 0.039). These findings demonstrate the utility of acute exercise as a clinically sensitive experimental paradigm to modulate the cerebrovasculature. Twenty minutes of aerobic exercise induced transient cerebrovascular adaptations in the hippocampus and cortex selectively in Huntington’s disease participants and likely represents latent neuropathology not evident at rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Steventon
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Hannah Furby
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.,Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - James Ralph
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Peter O'Callaghan
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | - Anne E Rosser
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.,Cardiff Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Richard G Wise
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Monica Busse
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4YS, UK
| | - Kevin Murphy
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
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Mutsaerts HJMM, Petr J, Groot P, Vandemaele P, Ingala S, Robertson AD, Václavů L, Groote I, Kuijf H, Zelaya F, O'Daly O, Hilal S, Wink AM, Kant I, Caan MWA, Morgan C, de Bresser J, Lysvik E, Schrantee A, Bjørnebekk A, Clement P, Shirzadi Z, Kuijer JPA, Wottschel V, Anazodo UC, Pajkrt D, Richard E, Bokkers RPH, Reneman L, Masellis M, Günther M, MacIntosh BJ, Achten E, Chappell MA, van Osch MJP, Golay X, Thomas DL, De Vita E, Bjørnerud A, Nederveen A, Hendrikse J, Asllani I, Barkhof F. ExploreASL: An image processing pipeline for multi-center ASL perfusion MRI studies. Neuroimage 2020; 219:117031. [PMID: 32526385 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial spin labeling (ASL) has undergone significant development since its inception, with a focus on improving standardization and reproducibility of its acquisition and quantification. In a community-wide effort towards robust and reproducible clinical ASL image processing, we developed the software package ExploreASL, allowing standardized analyses across centers and scanners. The procedures used in ExploreASL capitalize on published image processing advancements and address the challenges of multi-center datasets with scanner-specific processing and artifact reduction to limit patient exclusion. ExploreASL is self-contained, written in MATLAB and based on Statistical Parameter Mapping (SPM) and runs on multiple operating systems. To facilitate collaboration and data-exchange, the toolbox follows several standards and recommendations for data structure, provenance, and best analysis practice. ExploreASL was iteratively refined and tested in the analysis of >10,000 ASL scans using different pulse-sequences in a variety of clinical populations, resulting in four processing modules: Import, Structural, ASL, and Population that perform tasks, respectively, for data curation, structural and ASL image processing and quality control, and finally preparing the results for statistical analyses on both single-subject and group level. We illustrate ExploreASL processing results from three cohorts: perinatally HIV-infected children, healthy adults, and elderly at risk for neurodegenerative disease. We show the reproducibility for each cohort when processed at different centers with different operating systems and MATLAB versions, and its effects on the quantification of gray matter cerebral blood flow. ExploreASL facilitates the standardization of image processing and quality control, allowing the pooling of cohorts which may increase statistical power and discover between-group perfusion differences. Ultimately, this workflow may advance ASL for wider adoption in clinical studies, trials, and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henk J M M Mutsaerts
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Kate Gleason College of Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, NY, USA; Ghent Institute for Functional and Metabolic Imaging (GIfMI), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Jan Petr
- Kate Gleason College of Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, NY, USA; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Paul Groot
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter Vandemaele
- Ghent Institute for Functional and Metabolic Imaging (GIfMI), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Silvia Ingala
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew D Robertson
- Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lena Václavů
- C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Inge Groote
- Department of Diagnostic Physics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hugo Kuijf
- Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Fernando Zelaya
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Owen O'Daly
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Saima Hilal
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Memory Aging and Cognition Center, National University Health System, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alle Meije Wink
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ilse Kant
- Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Matthan W A Caan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Catherine Morgan
- School of Psychology and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jeroen de Bresser
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Lysvik
- Department of Diagnostic Physics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anouk Schrantee
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Astrid Bjørnebekk
- The Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Research Group, National Advisory Unit on Substance Use Disorder Treatment, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Patricia Clement
- Ghent Institute for Functional and Metabolic Imaging (GIfMI), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zahra Shirzadi
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Joost P A Kuijer
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Viktor Wottschel
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Udunna C Anazodo
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Division, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
| | - Dasja Pajkrt
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Edo Richard
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Reinoud P H Bokkers
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Reneman
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mario Masellis
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Matthias Günther
- Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany; University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; Mediri GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Eric Achten
- Ghent Institute for Functional and Metabolic Imaging (GIfMI), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michael A Chappell
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science & Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthias J P van Osch
- C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Xavier Golay
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - David L Thomas
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Enrico De Vita
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Atle Bjørnerud
- Department of Diagnostic Physics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Aart Nederveen
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Hendrikse
- Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Iris Asllani
- Kate Gleason College of Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, NY, USA; Clinical Imaging Sciences Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), Faculty of Engineering Science, University College London, London, UK
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Foster C, Steventon JJ, Helme D, Tomassini V, Wise RG. Assessment of the Effects of Aerobic Fitness on Cerebrovascular Function in Young Adults Using Multiple Inversion Time Arterial Spin Labeling MRI. Front Physiol 2020; 11:360. [PMID: 32372976 PMCID: PMC7187806 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study investigated the effects of aerobic fitness on cerebrovascular function in the healthy brain. Gray matter cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) were quantified in a sample of young adults within a normal fitness range. Based on existing Transcranial Doppler ultrasound and fMRI evidence, we predicted a positive relationship between fitness and resting gray matter CBF and CVR. Exploratory hypotheses that higher V . O2peak would be associated with higher GM volume and cognitive performance were also investigated. 20 adults underwent a V . O2peak test and a battery of cognitive tests. All subjects also underwent an MRI scan where multiple inversion time (MTI) pulsed arterial spin labeling (PASL) was used to quantify resting CBF and CVR to 5% CO2. Region of interest analysis showed a non-significant inverse correlation between whole-brain gray matter CBF and V . O2peak; r = -0.4, p = 0.08, corrected p (p') = 0.16 and a significant positive correlation between V . O2peak and whole-brain averaged gray matter CVR; r = 0.62, p = 0.003, p' = 0.006. Voxel-wise analysis revealed a significant inverse association between V . O2peak and resting CBF in the left and right thalamus, brainstem, right lateral occipital cortex, left intra-calcarine cortex and cerebellum. The results of this study suggest that aerobic fitness is associated with lower baseline CBF and greater CVR in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Foster
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica J. Steventon
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute (NMHRI), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Helme
- Department of Anaesthetics and Intensive Care Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Tomassini
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio University” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), “G. D’Annunzio University” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Richard G. Wise
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio University” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), “G. D’Annunzio University” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Pinto J, Chappell MA, Okell TW, Mezue M, Segerdahl AR, Tracey I, Vilela P, Figueiredo P. Calibration of arterial spin labeling data-potential pitfalls in post-processing. Magn Reson Med 2020; 83:1222-1234. [PMID: 31605558 PMCID: PMC6972489 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the impact of the different post-processing options in the calibration of arterial spin labeling (ASL) data on perfusion quantification and its reproducibility. THEORY AND METHODS Absolute quantification of perfusion measurements is one of the promises of ASL techniques. However, it is highly dependent on a calibration procedure that involves a complex processing pipeline for which no standardized procedure has been fully established. In this work, we systematically compare the main ASL calibration methods as well as various post-processing calibration options, using 2 data sets acquired with the most common sequences, pulsed ASL and pseudo-continuous ASL. RESULTS Significant and sometimes large discrepancies in ASL perfusion quantification were obtained when using different post-processing calibration options. Nevertheless, when using a set of theoretically based and carefully chosen options, only small differences were observed for both reference tissue and voxelwise methods. The voxelwise and white matter reference tissue methods were less sensitive to post-processing options than the cerebrospinal fluid reference tissue method. However, white matter reference tissue calibration also produced poorer reproducibility results. Moreover, it may also not be an appropriate reference in case of white matter pathology. CONCLUSION Poor post-processing calibration options can lead to large errors in perfusion quantification, and a complete description of the calibration procedure should therefore be reported in ASL studies. Overall, our results further support the voxelwise calibration method proposed by the ASL white paper, particularly given the advantage of being relatively simple to implement and intrinsically correcting for the coil sensitivity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Pinto
- Institute for Systems and Robotics and Department of BioengineeringInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Michael A. Chappell
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative NeuroimagingFMRIBNuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Engineering ScienceUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Thomas W. Okell
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative NeuroimagingFMRIBNuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Melvin Mezue
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative NeuroimagingFMRIBNuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Andrew R. Segerdahl
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative NeuroimagingFMRIBNuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Irene Tracey
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative NeuroimagingFMRIBNuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Nuffield Division of AnaestheticsNuffield Department of Clinical NeuroscienceUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Patrícia Figueiredo
- Institute for Systems and Robotics and Department of BioengineeringInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
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Germuska M, Chandler H, Okell T, Fasano F, Tomassini V, Murphy K, Wise R. A frequency-domain machine learning method for dual-calibrated fMRI mapping of oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO 2). Front Artif Intell 2020; 3. [PMID: 32885165 PMCID: PMC7116003 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2020.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers the possibility to non-invasively map the brain's metabolic oxygen consumption (CMRO2), which is essential for understanding and monitoring neural function in both health and disease. However, in depth study of oxygen metabolism with MRI has so far been hindered by the lack of robust methods. One MRI method of mapping CMRO2 is based on the simultaneous acquisition of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) weighted images during respiratory modulation of both oxygen and carbon dioxide. Although this dual-calibrated methodology has shown promise in the research setting, current analysis methods are unstable in the presence of noise and/or are computationally demanding. In this paper, we present a machine learning implementation for the multi-parametric assessment of dual-calibrated fMRI data. The proposed method aims to address the issues of stability, accuracy, and computational overhead, removing significant barriers to the investigation of oxygen metabolism with MRI. The method utilizes a time-frequency transformation of the acquired perfusion and BOLD-weighted data, from which appropriate feature vectors are selected for training of machine learning regressors. The implemented machine learning methods are chosen for their robustness to noise and their ability to map complex non-linear relationships (such as those that exist between BOLD signal weighting and blood oxygenation). An extremely randomized trees (ET) regressor is used to estimate resting blood flow and a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) is used to estimate CMRO2 and the oxygen extraction fraction (OEF). Synthetic data with additive noise are used to train the regressors, with data simulated to cover a wide range of physiologically plausible parameters. The performance of the implemented analysis method is compared to published methods both in simulation and with in-vivo data (n = 30). The proposed method is demonstrated to significantly reduce computation time, error, and proportional bias in both CMRO2 and OEF estimates. The introduction of the proposed analysis pipeline has the potential to not only increase the detectability of metabolic difference between groups of subjects, but may also allow for single subject examinations within a clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Germuska
- CUBRIC, Department of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Chandler
- CUBRIC, Department of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Okell
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Valentina Tomassini
- CUBRIC, Department of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio University" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Kevin Murphy
- CUBRIC, Department of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Wise
- CUBRIC, Department of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio University" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, "G. D'Annunzio University" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
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Mehranian A, McGinnity CJ, Neji R, Prieto C, Hammers A, De Vita E, Reader AJ. Motion‐corrected and high‐resolution anatomically assisted (MOCHA) reconstruction of arterial spin labeling MRI. Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:1306-1320. [PMID: 32125015 PMCID: PMC8614125 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose A model‐based reconstruction framework is proposed for motion‐corrected and high‐resolution anatomically assisted (MOCHA) reconstruction of arterial spin labeling (ASL) data. In this framework, all low‐resolution ASL control‐label pairs are used to reconstruct a single high‐resolution cerebral blood flow (CBF) map, corrected for rigid‐motion, point‐spread‐function blurring and partial volume effect. Methods Six volunteers were recruited for CBF imaging using pseudo‐continuous ASL labeling, two‐shot 3D gradient and spin‐echo sequences and high‐resolution T1‐weighted MRI. For 2 volunteers, high‐resolution scans with double and triple resolution in the partition direction were additionally collected. Simulations were designed for evaluations against a high‐resolution ground‐truth CBF map, including a simulated hyperperfused lesion and hyperperfusion/hypoperfusion abnormalities. The MOCHA technique was compared with standard reconstruction and a 3D linear regression partial‐volume effect correction method and was further evaluated for acquisitions with reduced control‐label pairs and k‐space undersampling. Results The MOCHA reconstructions of low‐resolution ASL data showed enhanced image quality, particularly in the partition direction. In simulations, both MOCHA and 3D linear regression provided more accurate CBF maps than the standard reconstruction; however, MOCHA resulted in the lowest errors and well delineated the abnormalities. The MOCHA reconstruction of standard‐resolution in vivo data showed good agreement with higher‐resolution scans requiring 4‐times and 9‐times longer acquisitions. The MOCHA reconstruction was found to be robust for 4‐times‐accelerated ASL acquisitions, achieved by reduced control‐label pairs or k‐space undersampling. Conclusion The MOCHA reconstruction reduces partial‐volume effect by direct reconstruction of CBF maps in the high‐resolution space of the corresponding anatomical image, incorporating motion correction and point spread function modeling. Following further evaluation, MOCHA should promote the clinical application of ASL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Mehranian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King’s College London London United Kingdom
| | - Colm J. McGinnity
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London and King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, St. Thomas’ Hospital London United Kingdom
| | - Radhouene Neji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King’s College London London United Kingdom
- MR Research Collaborations Siemens Healthcare Frimley United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Prieto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King’s College London London United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Hammers
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London and King’s College London & Guy’s and St. Thomas’ PET Centre, St. Thomas’ Hospital London United Kingdom
| | - Enrico De Vita
- Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King’s College London London United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Reader
- Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King’s College London London United Kingdom
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Zhang Q, Su P, Chen Z, Liao Y, Chen S, Guo R, Qi H, Li X, Zhang X, Hu Z, Lu H, Chen H. Deep learning–based MR fingerprinting ASL ReconStruction (DeepMARS). Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:1024-1034. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Pan Su
- The Russell H. MorganDepartment of Radiology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland
| | - Zhensen Chen
- Vascular Imaging Laboratory Department of Radiology University of Washington Seattle Washington
| | - Ying Liao
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Department of Radiology New York University School of Medicine New York New York
| | - Shuo Chen
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Division) Beth Israel deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
| | - Haikun Qi
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King’s College London London, London United Kingdom
| | - Xuesong Li
- School of Computer Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Zhangxuan Hu
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Hanzhang Lu
- The Russell H. MorganDepartment of Radiology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland
| | - Huijun Chen
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine Tsinghua University Beijing China
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40
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van der Plas MCE, Teeuwisse WM, Schmid S, Chappell M, van Osch MJP. High temporal resolution arterial spin labeling MRI with whole-brain coverage by combining time-encoding with Look-Locker and simultaneous multi-slice imaging. Magn Reson Med 2019; 81:3734-3744. [PMID: 30828873 PMCID: PMC6593668 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study was to achieve high temporal resolution, multi-time point pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) MRI in a time-efficient manner, while maintaining whole-brain coverage. METHODS A Hadamard 8-matrix was used to dynamically encode the pCASL labeling train, thereby providing the first source of temporal information. The second method for obtaining dynamic arterial spin labeling (ASL) signal consisted of a Look-Locker (LL) readout of 4 phases that are acquired with a flip-angle sweep to maintain constant sensitivity over the phases. To obtain whole-brain coverage in the short LL interval, 4 slices were excited simultaneously by multi-banded radiofrequency pulses. After subtraction according to the Hadamard scheme, the ASL signal was corrected for the use of the flip-angle sweep and background suppression pulses. The BASIL toolkit of the Oxford Centre for FMRIB was used to quantify the ASL signal. RESULTS By combining a time-encoded pCASL labeling scheme with an LL readout and simultaneous multi-slice acquisition, 28 time points of 16 slices with a 75- or 150-ms time resolution were acquired in a total scan time of 10 minutes 20 seconds, from which cerebral blood flow (CBF) maps, arterial transit time maps, and arterial blood volume could be determined. CONCLUSION Whole-brain ASL images were acquired with a 75-ms time resolution for the angiography and 150-ms resolution for the perfusion phase by combining the proposed techniques. Reducing the total scan time to 1 minute 18 seconds still resulted in reasonable CBF maps, which demonstrates the feasibility of this approach for practical studies on brain hemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlijn C E van der Plas
- C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter M Teeuwisse
- C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie Schmid
- C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Chappell
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Research Council UK (EP/P012361/1), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias J P van Osch
- C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Hua J, Liu P, Kim T, Donahue M, Rane S, Chen JJ, Qin Q, Kim SG. MRI techniques to measure arterial and venous cerebral blood volume. Neuroimage 2019; 187:17-31. [PMID: 29458187 PMCID: PMC6095829 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The measurement of cerebral blood volume (CBV) has been the topic of numerous neuroimaging studies. To date, however, most in vivo imaging approaches can only measure CBV summed over all types of blood vessels, including arterial, capillary and venous vessels in the microvasculature (i.e. total CBV or CBVtot). As different types of blood vessels have intrinsically different anatomy, function and physiology, the ability to quantify CBV in different segments of the microvascular tree may furnish information that is not obtainable from CBVtot, and may provide a more sensitive and specific measure for the underlying physiology. This review attempts to summarize major efforts in the development of MRI techniques to measure arterial (CBVa) and venous CBV (CBVv) separately. Advantages and disadvantages of each type of method are discussed. Applications of some of the methods in the investigation of flow-volume coupling in healthy brains, and in the detection of pathophysiological abnormalities in brain diseases such as arterial steno-occlusive disease, brain tumors, schizophrenia, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and hypertension are demonstrated. We believe that the continual development of MRI approaches for the measurement of compartment-specific CBV will likely provide essential imaging tools for the advancement and refinement of our knowledge on the exquisite details of the microvasculature in healthy and diseased brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hua
- Neurosection, Div. of MRI Research, Dept. of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Peiying Liu
- Neurosection, Div. of MRI Research, Dept. of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tae Kim
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Manus Donahue
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Swati Rane
- Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J Jean Chen
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Qin Qin
- Neurosection, Div. of MRI Research, Dept. of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Seong-Gi Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
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Rowland MJ, Ezra M, Winkler A, Garry P, Lamb C, Kelly M, Okell TW, Westbrook J, Wise RG, Douaud G, Pattinson KT. Calcium channel blockade with nimodipine reverses MRI evidence of cerebral oedema following acute hypoxia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:285-301. [PMID: 28857714 PMCID: PMC6360646 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17726624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute cerebral hypoxia causes rapid calcium shifts leading to neuronal damage and death. Calcium channel antagonists improve outcomes in some clinical conditions, but mechanisms remain unclear. In 18 healthy participants we: (i) quantified with multiparametric MRI the effect of hypoxia on the thalamus, a region particularly sensitive to hypoxia, and on the whole brain in general; (ii) investigated how calcium channel antagonism with the drug nimodipine affects the brain response to hypoxia. Hypoxia resulted in a significant decrease in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), a measure particularly sensitive to cell swelling, in a widespread network of regions across the brain, and the thalamus in particular. In hypoxia, nimodipine significantly increased ADC in the same brain regions, normalizing ADC towards normoxia baseline. There was positive correlation between blood nimodipine levels and ADC change. In the thalamus, there was a significant decrease in the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) in resting state functional MRI and an apparent increase of grey matter volume in hypoxia, with the ALFF partially normalized towards normoxia baseline with nimodipine. This study provides further evidence that the brain response to acute hypoxia is mediated by calcium, and importantly that manipulation of intracellular calcium flux following hypoxia may reduce cerebral cytotoxic oedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Rowland
- 1 Nuffield Division of Anaesthetics, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK.,2 FMRIB, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK.,3 Neurosciences Intensive Care Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Martyn Ezra
- 1 Nuffield Division of Anaesthetics, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK.,2 FMRIB, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK.,3 Neurosciences Intensive Care Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Anderson Winkler
- 2 FMRIB, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Payashi Garry
- 1 Nuffield Division of Anaesthetics, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK.,3 Neurosciences Intensive Care Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Catherine Lamb
- 3 Neurosciences Intensive Care Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Kelly
- 4 Preclinical Imaging Facility, Core Biotechnology Services, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Thomas W Okell
- 2 FMRIB, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Jon Westbrook
- 1 Nuffield Division of Anaesthetics, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK.,3 Neurosciences Intensive Care Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard G Wise
- 5 Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gwenaëlle Douaud
- 2 FMRIB, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Kyle Ts Pattinson
- 1 Nuffield Division of Anaesthetics, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK.,2 FMRIB, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK.,3 Neurosciences Intensive Care Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
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43
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Okell TW. Combined angiography and perfusion using radial imaging and arterial spin labeling. Magn Reson Med 2019; 81:182-194. [PMID: 30024066 PMCID: PMC6282709 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate the feasibility of a novel noninvasive MRI technique for the comprehensive evaluation of blood flow to the brain: combined angiography and perfusion using radial imaging and arterial spin labeling (CAPRIA). METHODS In the CAPRIA pulse sequence, blood labeled with a pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling pulse train is continuously imaged as it flows through the arterial tree and into the brain tissue using a golden ratio radial readout. From a single raw data set, this flexible imaging approach allows the reconstruction of both high spatial/temporal resolution angiographic images with a high undersampling factor and low spatial/temporal resolution perfusion images with a low undersampling factor. The sparse and high SNR nature of angiographic images ensures that radial undersampling artifacts are relatively benign, even when using a simple regridding image reconstruction. Pulse sequence parameters were optimized through sampling efficiency calculations and the numerical evaluation of modified pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling signal models. A comparison was made against conventional pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling angiographic and perfusion acquisitions. RESULTS 2D CAPRIA data in healthy volunteers demonstrated the feasibility of this approach, with good vessel visualization in the angiographic images and clear tissue perfusion signal when reconstructed at 108-ms and 252-ms temporal resolution, respectively. Images were qualitatively similar to those from conventional acquisitions, but CAPRIA had significantly higher SNR efficiency (48% improvement on average, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION The CAPRIA technique shows potential for the efficient evaluation of both macrovascular blood flow and tissue perfusion within a single scan, with potential applications in a range of cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W. Okell
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
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Ibaraki M, Nakamura K, Toyoshima H, Takahashi K, Matsubara K, Umetsu A, Pfeuffer J, Kuribayashi H, Kinoshita T. Spatial coefficient of variation in pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling cerebral blood flow images as a hemodynamic measure for cerebrovascular steno-occlusive disease: A comparative 15O positron emission tomography study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:173-181. [PMID: 29869933 PMCID: PMC6311663 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18781667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) is a completely non-invasive method of cerebral perfusion measurement. However, cerebral blood flow (CBF) quantification is hampered by arterial transit artifacts characterized by bright vascular signals surrounded by decreased signals in tissue regions, which commonly appear in patients with reduced cerebral perfusion pressure. The spatial coefficient of variation (CoV) of pCASL CBF images has been proposed as an alternative region-of-interest (ROI)-based hemodynamic measure to predict prolonged arterial transit time (ATT). This retrospective study investigates the utility of spatial CoV by comparison with 15O positron emission tomography (PET). For patients with cerebrovascular steno-occlusive disease ( n = 17), spatial CoV was positively correlated with ATT independently measured by pulsed arterial spin labeling ( r = 0.597, p < 0.001), confirming its role as an ATT-like hemodynamic measure. Comparisons with 15O PET demonstrated that spatial CoV was positively correlated with vascular mean transit time ( r = 0.587, p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with both resting CBF ( r = -0.541, p = 0.001) and CBF response to hypercapnia ( r = -0.373, p = 0.030). ROI-based spatial CoV calculated from single time-point pCASL can potentially detect subtle perfusion abnormalities in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Ibaraki
- 1 Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Akita Research Institute of Brain and Blood Vessels, Akita, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nakamura
- 1 Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Akita Research Institute of Brain and Blood Vessels, Akita, Japan
| | - Hideto Toyoshima
- 1 Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Akita Research Institute of Brain and Blood Vessels, Akita, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takahashi
- 1 Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Akita Research Institute of Brain and Blood Vessels, Akita, Japan
| | - Keisuke Matsubara
- 1 Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Akita Research Institute of Brain and Blood Vessels, Akita, Japan
| | - Atsushi Umetsu
- 1 Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Akita Research Institute of Brain and Blood Vessels, Akita, Japan
| | | | | | - Toshibumi Kinoshita
- 1 Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Akita Research Institute of Brain and Blood Vessels, Akita, Japan
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45
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Martirosian P, Pohmann R, Schraml C, Schwartz M, Kuestner T, Schwenzer NF, Scheffler K, Nikolaou K, Schick F. Spatial-temporal perfusion patterns of the human liver assessed by pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling MRI. Z Med Phys 2018; 29:173-183. [PMID: 30266458 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the capabilities of a modern pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL) technique for non-invasive assessment of the temporal and spatial distribution of the liver perfusion in healthy volunteers on a clinical MR system at 3T. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 2D-PCASL multi-slice echo planar imaging sequence was adapted to the specific conditions in liver: a) labeling by PCASL was optimized to the flow characteristics in the portal vein, b) background suppression was applied for reduction of motion related artifacts, c) post labeling delays (PLDs) were varied over a large range (0.7-3.5s) in order to get better insight in the temporal and spatial distribution of tagged blood in the liver, and d) a special timed-breathing protocol was used allowing for recording of 16 to 18 label-control image pairs and a reference M0 image for each of 4 to 6 slices within approx. 5min for one PLD. RESULTS Measurements with multiple PLDs showed dominating perfusion signal in macroscopic blood vessels for PLDs up to 1.5 s, whereas pure liver parenchyma revealed maximum perfusion signal for a PLD of approx. 2 s, and detectable signal up to PLDs of 3.5 s. Data fitting to a perfusion model for liver provided a mean global perfusion of 153±15ml/100g/min and a mean transit time of 1938±332ms in liver parenchyma. Measurements with a single PLD of 2 s demonstrated that portal-venous and arterial perfusion components can be measured separately by two measurements with two different positions of the labeling plane (one for labeling of the global hepatopetal blood flow and one for selective labeling of the portal blood flow only). Relative contribution of blood from the hepatic artery to the global liver perfusion, the hepatic perfusion index (HPI), amounted to approx. 23%. CONCLUSION Modern and adapted protocols for assessment of liver perfusion by PCASL have the potential to provide perfusion and blood transit time maps in reasonable acquisition time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Martirosian
- Section on Experimental Radiology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Rolf Pohmann
- Department of High-field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christina Schraml
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Schwartz
- Section on Experimental Radiology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Signal Processing and System Theory, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas Kuestner
- Section on Experimental Radiology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Signal Processing and System Theory, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nina Franziska Schwenzer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department of High-field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Nikolaou
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fritz Schick
- Section on Experimental Radiology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Harms MP, Somerville LH, Ances BM, Andersson J, Barch DM, Bastiani M, Bookheimer SY, Brown TB, Buckner RL, Burgess GC, Coalson TS, Chappell MA, Dapretto M, Douaud G, Fischl B, Glasser MF, Greve DN, Hodge C, Jamison KW, Jbabdi S, Kandala S, Li X, Mair RW, Mangia S, Marcus D, Mascali D, Moeller S, Nichols TE, Robinson EC, Salat DH, Smith SM, Sotiropoulos SN, Terpstra M, Thomas KM, Tisdall MD, Ugurbil K, van der Kouwe A, Woods RP, Zöllei L, Van Essen DC, Yacoub E. Extending the Human Connectome Project across ages: Imaging protocols for the Lifespan Development and Aging projects. Neuroimage 2018; 183:972-984. [PMID: 30261308 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Human Connectome Projects in Development (HCP-D) and Aging (HCP-A) are two large-scale brain imaging studies that will extend the recently completed HCP Young-Adult (HCP-YA) project to nearly the full lifespan, collecting structural, resting-state fMRI, task-fMRI, diffusion, and perfusion MRI in participants from 5 to 100+ years of age. HCP-D is enrolling 1300+ healthy children, adolescents, and young adults (ages 5-21), and HCP-A is enrolling 1200+ healthy adults (ages 36-100+), with each study collecting longitudinal data in a subset of individuals at particular age ranges. The imaging protocols of the HCP-D and HCP-A studies are very similar, differing primarily in the selection of different task-fMRI paradigms. We strove to harmonize the imaging protocol to the greatest extent feasible with the completed HCP-YA (1200+ participants, aged 22-35), but some imaging-related changes were motivated or necessitated by hardware changes, the need to reduce the total amount of scanning per participant, and/or the additional challenges of working with young and elderly populations. Here, we provide an overview of the common HCP-D/A imaging protocol including data and rationales for protocol decisions and changes relative to HCP-YA. The result will be a large, rich, multi-modal, and freely available set of consistently acquired data for use by the scientific community to investigate and define normative developmental and aging related changes in the healthy human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Harms
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Leah H Somerville
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Beau M Ances
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jesper Andersson
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matteo Bastiani
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan Y Bookheimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Timothy B Brown
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory C Burgess
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Timothy S Coalson
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael A Chappell
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mirella Dapretto
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gwenaëlle Douaud
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bruce Fischl
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew F Glasser
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; St. Luke's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Douglas N Greve
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cynthia Hodge
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Keith W Jamison
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Saad Jbabdi
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sridhar Kandala
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xiufeng Li
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ross W Mair
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Silvia Mangia
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Daniel Marcus
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniele Mascali
- Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi", Rome, Italy
| | - Steen Moeller
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Emma C Robinson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David H Salat
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen M Smith
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stamatios N Sotiropoulos
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Melissa Terpstra
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kathleen M Thomas
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M Dylan Tisdall
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kamil Ugurbil
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Andre van der Kouwe
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roger P Woods
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lilla Zöllei
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David C Van Essen
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Essa Yacoub
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Boland M, Stirnberg R, Pracht ED, Kramme J, Viviani R, Stingl J, Stöcker T. Accelerated 3D-GRASE imaging improves quantitative multiple post labeling delay arterial spin labeling. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:2475-2484. [PMID: 29770492 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the impact of accelerated, single-shot 3D-GRASE acquisition on quantitative arterial spin labeling (ASL) with multiple and single post-labeling delay (PLD) in terms of perfusion-weighted SNR per unit scan time (TSNRPW ) and quantification accuracy. METHODS Five subjects were scanned on a 3T MRI scanner using the pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL) technique with a 3D-GRASE imaging sequence capable of parallel imaging acceleration. A 3-inversion pulse background suppression was simulated and implemented in the sequence. Three time-matched single PLD measurements, a segmented one without acceleration, 1 with conventional GRAPPA, and 1 with CAIPIRINHA sampling, were used to compare TSNRPW . Three time-matched multiple PLD measurements with the identical imaging parameters were additionally evaluated (no acceleration vs. CAIPIRINHA sampling vs. CAIPIRINHA sampling with doubled number of PLDs). Cerebral blood flow and arterial transit time fit uncertainties were compared and used as a quality measure. RESULTS The single PLD measurements show an 11% TSNRPW increase using CAIPIRINHA sampling instead of GRAPPA sampling, while the non-accelerated scan exhibits 35% higher TSNRPW compared to the GRAPPA scan. However, taking advantage of the increased number of averages for multiple PLD acquisitions, a 14%/16% (gray matter) and 34%/36% (white matter) reduction of CBF fit uncertainty is observed with CAIPIRINHA sampling (6 PLDs/12 PLDs) compared to no acceleration. CONCLUSION Accelerated single-shot 3D-GRASE with PCASL allows for smaller quantification uncertainties than time-matched segmented acquisitions. Corresponding single-shot acquisitions with acceptable blurring and no intra-volume motion render state-of-the-art ASL methods in a clinically feasible time possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Boland
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Johanna Kramme
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Roberto Viviani
- Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Clinic III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julia Stingl
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - Tony Stöcker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department for Physics and Astronomy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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48
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Jezzard P, Chappell MA, Okell TW. Arterial spin labeling for the measurement of cerebral perfusion and angiography. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:603-626. [PMID: 29168667 PMCID: PMC5888859 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17743240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is an MRI technique that was first proposed a quarter of a century ago. It offers the prospect of non-invasive quantitative measurement of cerebral perfusion, making it potentially very useful for research and clinical studies, particularly where multiple longitudinal measurements are required. However, it has suffered from a number of challenges, including a relatively low signal-to-noise ratio, and a confusing number of sequence variants, thus hindering its clinical uptake. Recently, however, there has been a consensus adoption of an accepted acquisition and analysis framework for ASL, and thus a better penetration onto clinical MRI scanners. Here, we review the basic concepts in ASL and describe the current state-of-the-art acquisition and analysis approaches, and the versatility of the method to perform both quantitative cerebral perfusion measurement, along with quantitative cerebral angiographic measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jezzard
- 1 Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Thomas W Okell
- 1 Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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49
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Stickland R, Allen M, Magazzini L, Singh KD, Wise RG, Tomassini V. Neurovascular Coupling During Visual Stimulation in Multiple Sclerosis: A MEG-fMRI Study. Neuroscience 2018; 403:54-69. [PMID: 29580963 PMCID: PMC6458991 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A reduced electrophysiological response to a visual stimulus in MS, characterized by reduced gamma power (30–80 Hz), with MEG. A reduced hemodynamic response to a visual stimulus in MS, characterized by reduced BOLD and CBF responses, with fMRI. The coupling between gamma power and BOLD/CBF was not significantly impaired in the MS group.
The process of neurovascular coupling ensures that increases in neuronal activity are fed by increases in cerebral blood flow. Evidence suggests that neurovascular coupling may be impaired in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) due to a combination of brain hypoperfusion, altered cerebrovascular reactivity and oxygen metabolism, and altered levels of vasoactive compounds. Here, we tested the hypothesis that neurovascular coupling is impaired in MS. We characterized neurovascular coupling as the relationship between changes in neuronal oscillatory power within the gamma frequency band (30–80 Hz), as measured by magnetoencephalography (MEG), and associated hemodynamic changes (blood oxygenation level dependent, BOLD, and cerebral blood flow, CBF) as measured by functional MRI. We characterized these responses in the visual cortex in 13 MS patients and in 10 matched healthy controls using a reversing checkerboard stimulus at five visual contrasts. There were no significant group differences in visual acuity, P100 latencies, occipital gray matter (GM) volumes and baseline CBF. However, in the MS patients we found a significant reduction in peak gamma power, BOLD and CBF responses. There were no significant differences in neurovascular coupling between groups, in the visual cortex. Our results suggest that neuronal and vascular responses are altered in MS. Gamma power reduction could be an indicator of GM dysfunction, possibly mediated by GABAergic changes. Altered hemodynamic responses confirm previous reports of a vascular dysfunction in MS. Despite altered neuronal and vascular responses, neurovascular coupling appears to be preserved in MS, at least within the range of damage and disability studied here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Stickland
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University School of Psychology, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Marek Allen
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University School of Psychology, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Lorenzo Magazzini
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University School of Psychology, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Krish D Singh
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University School of Psychology, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Richard G Wise
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University School of Psychology, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Valentina Tomassini
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University School of Psychology, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital Wales, Heath Park, CF14 4XN, UK.
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Hirschler L, Munting LP, Khmelinskii A, Teeuwisse WM, Suidgeest E, Warnking JM, van der Weerd L, Barbier EL, van Osch MJP. Transit time mapping in the mouse brain using time-encoded pCASL. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:e3855. [PMID: 29160952 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The cerebral blood flow (CBF) is a potential biomarker for neurological disease. However, the arterial transit time (ATT) of the labeled blood is known to potentially affect CBF quantification. Furthermore, ATT could be an interesting biomarker in itself, as it may reflect underlying macro- and microvascular pathologies. Currently, no optimized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence exists to measure ATT in mice. Recently, time-encoded labeling schemes have been implemented in rats and humans, enabling ATT mapping with higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and shorter scan time than multi-delay arterial spin labeling (ASL). In this study, we show that time-encoded pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (te-pCASL) also enables transit time measurements in mice. As an optimal design that takes the fast blood flow in mice into account, time encoding with 11 sub-boli of 50 ms is proposed to accurately probe the inflow of labeled blood. For perfusion imaging, a separate, traditional pCASL scan was employed. From the six studied brain regions, the hippocampus showed the shortest ATT (169 ± 11 ms) and the auditory/visual cortex showed the longest (284 ± 16 ms). Furthermore, ATT was found to be preserved in old wild-type mice. In a mouse with an induced carotid artery occlusion, prolongation of ATT was shown. In conclusion, this study shows the successful implementation of te-pCASL in mice, making it possible, for the first time, to measure ATT in mice in a time-efficient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydiane Hirschler
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
- Inserm, U1216, Grenoble, France
- Bruker Biospin, Ettlingen, Germany
- Department of Radiology, C. J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Leon P Munting
- Department of Radiology, C. J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Artem Khmelinskii
- Department of Radiology, Division of Image Processing, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter M Teeuwisse
- Department of Radiology, C. J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ernst Suidgeest
- Department of Radiology, C. J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jan M Warnking
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
- Inserm, U1216, Grenoble, France
| | - Louise van der Weerd
- Department of Radiology, C. J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Emmanuel L Barbier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
- Inserm, U1216, Grenoble, France
| | - Matthias J P van Osch
- Department of Radiology, C. J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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